Wikibooks enwikibooks https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikibooks Wikibooks talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Cookbook Cookbook talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Wikijunior Wikijunior talk Subject Subject talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 385 4673522 4673168 2026-10-01T18:36:15Z Omphalographer 3427146 /* Job Search */ new section 4673522 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|^talk]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC) ::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] == {{closed|Deleted due to generative LLM content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 29 September 2026 (UTC)}} Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC) :<nowiki>'''Keep'''</nowiki> — Comment from page author/subject expert. :I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the <nowiki>''</nowiki>Objective Projection<nowiki>''</nowiki> methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently. :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>On the content itself:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through: :* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: "Levent Bulut Objective Projection") :* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at <nowiki>''</nowiki>Digital Humanities Quarterly<nowiki>''</nowiki> :* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology :* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection) :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>On AI assistance:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The <nowiki>''</nowiki>ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments<nowiki>''</nowiki> are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025. :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>Proposed remedy instead of deletion:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> I am happy to: :# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms :# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim :# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record :This would address the <nowiki>''</nowiki>undisclosed<nowiki>''</nowiki> part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors. :<nowiki>I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28847-60|&#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures ::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion. ::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by: ::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page. ::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives). ::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format). ::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records. ::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts: ::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''"large amount of content removal"''' filter. ::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''"automated link/spam"''' filter. ::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28847-60|&#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC) ::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either. ::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Art And AI]] == Suspected rampant LLM use; this also seems to violate [[WB:BLOG]] and [[WB:SOURCE]], since this seems largely like personal research/personal essays and opinions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:25, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - as a book, this isn't even particularly coherent. For instance, chapters like [[Art And AI/Tools Of The Artist]] have no clear relationship to the intended topic. And the chapters which do address the topic, like [[Art And AI/Can AIs Go On Strike]], certainly seem more like an opinion piece (if not outright fantasy content) than serious material appropriate for an instructional text. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, does not fit this project and appears to be LLM-generated. No useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 15:13, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == [[A-level Computing AQA Paper 1 Skeleton program 2027]] == This was proposed for speedy deletion by [[User:Omphalographer]] as 'not being a book'. However, I think this page's future requires further discussion from the community. Maybe some input would be appreciated?[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:51, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :As best I can tell, this is a page students are using to collaborate on solutions for a standardized test. There are a number of similar pages for other years linked from [[A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program]]. :This is not a good fit for Wikibooks. If these students are interested in this kind of collaboration, it should take place elsewhere. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:14, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::The project can be moved to Wikiversity, I think. If the students can contribute it and make sure it complies with Wikibooks' guidelines, it can stay here. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:17, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] :::There's been a Wikibook on this every single year, as I mentioned in my comment on the deletion notice. That doesn't mean that this shouldn't be on Wikiversity, just that there is ample precedent of it being a Wikibook. Dunno if this matter to those kind of editorial decisions, though. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-51010-27|~2026-51010-27]] ([[User talk:~2026-51010-27|talk]]) 13:39, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[User:~2026-51010-27|~2026-51010-27]]: How would the page comply with [[WB:What is Wikibooks?|Wikibooks' mission]]?. Could you provide an explanation of what the project is? If it's a collaborative project to work on solutions for a standardized test (like @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] said), it would be more suitable for Wikiversity. If it's a textbook about A-level computing, then it would be suitable here. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :::::Hi, :::::This is definitely the former, not the latter. As I said, I don't particularly think this should be on Wikibooks, it just happens the previous years had been, and clearly they weren't subject to this degree of scrutiny 😅 :::::I have created https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/A-level_Computer_Science_AQA_Paper_1_Skeleton_program_2027 - I'll delete the content of the page and put the link at the top. If there is a more appropriate banner to indicate the migration, please make it look how it should :D [[User:MrBerard|MrBerard]] ([[User talk:MrBerard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrBerard|contribs]]) 10:23, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::::::I can't seem to put a link without the edit being deemed destructive, so I'll let you trusted people do what's needed. [[User:MrBerard|MrBerard]] ([[User talk:MrBerard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrBerard|contribs]]) 10:27, 29 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikijunior:Alphabet of Wikibooks]] == I do not know whether this page is useful or not, due to [[Wikijunior:Alphabet]] already existing. I would support the deletion of this given that it contains many red links as well. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 01:41, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - As proposer. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 01:42, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - we already have a book on this topic. And no, "Afghanistan" and "Quagga" are not good example words for children. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 23 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Active Directory Security and Penetration Testing]] == I have high confidence that this book was created using a genAI LLM (see flags on individual pages). I will plan to delete this in, say, a week, but I'm popping over here to allow for discussion if needed. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:32, 24 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}- advertisement for a Python tool disguised as a book. No useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 19:56, 24 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}- per [[User:Ternera|Ternera]]. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 22:41, 24 September 2026 (UTC) ::I wrote the SKELETON USING LLM [[User:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[User talk:נתנאל שטרן|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/נתנאל שטרן|contribs]]) 13:45, 25 September 2026 (UTC) :I would say this is absolutely LLM-generated, {{vd}} [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 03:26, 30 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Talmudic aramic]] == Per the user's other mass-created pages, I concur with the AI flagging that Kittycataclysm placed on the page. I believe this to be LLM-generated, and it should thus be deleted. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 03:29, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, LLM spam. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 13:22, 30 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Job Search]] == * as well as [[Job Search Automation for College Students]]. Neither of these books contains any useful information. The first book seems to be written primarily to funnel users to the second, and the second to funnel users to [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]], which was deleted last year. (The deletion request doesn't seem to have been archived.) The sum total of information in these two books is, essentially, "you can search for jobs online", which is insultingly trivial. The second book's suggestion that users automate the job search process is of no practical value; most web search engines and job search sites nowadays will detect and block automated access. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:36, 1 October 2026 (UTC) 7rxrowr3biy7pyq4y6lxfjwlsxa2y5d 4673525 4673522 2026-10-01T18:40:37Z Omphalographer 3427146 /* Wikipage */ new section 4673525 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|^talk]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC) ::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] == {{closed|Deleted due to generative LLM content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 29 September 2026 (UTC)}} Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC) :<nowiki>'''Keep'''</nowiki> — Comment from page author/subject expert. :I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the <nowiki>''</nowiki>Objective Projection<nowiki>''</nowiki> methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently. :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>On the content itself:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through: :* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: "Levent Bulut Objective Projection") :* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at <nowiki>''</nowiki>Digital Humanities Quarterly<nowiki>''</nowiki> :* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology :* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection) :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>On AI assistance:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The <nowiki>''</nowiki>ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments<nowiki>''</nowiki> are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025. :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>Proposed remedy instead of deletion:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> I am happy to: :# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms :# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim :# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record :This would address the <nowiki>''</nowiki>undisclosed<nowiki>''</nowiki> part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors. :<nowiki>I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28847-60|&#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures ::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion. ::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by: ::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page. ::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives). ::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format). ::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records. ::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts: ::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''"large amount of content removal"''' filter. ::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''"automated link/spam"''' filter. ::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28847-60|&#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC) ::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either. ::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Art And AI]] == Suspected rampant LLM use; this also seems to violate [[WB:BLOG]] and [[WB:SOURCE]], since this seems largely like personal research/personal essays and opinions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:25, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - as a book, this isn't even particularly coherent. For instance, chapters like [[Art And AI/Tools Of The Artist]] have no clear relationship to the intended topic. And the chapters which do address the topic, like [[Art And AI/Can AIs Go On Strike]], certainly seem more like an opinion piece (if not outright fantasy content) than serious material appropriate for an instructional text. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, does not fit this project and appears to be LLM-generated. No useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 15:13, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == [[A-level Computing AQA Paper 1 Skeleton program 2027]] == This was proposed for speedy deletion by [[User:Omphalographer]] as 'not being a book'. However, I think this page's future requires further discussion from the community. Maybe some input would be appreciated?[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:51, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :As best I can tell, this is a page students are using to collaborate on solutions for a standardized test. There are a number of similar pages for other years linked from [[A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program]]. :This is not a good fit for Wikibooks. If these students are interested in this kind of collaboration, it should take place elsewhere. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:14, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::The project can be moved to Wikiversity, I think. If the students can contribute it and make sure it complies with Wikibooks' guidelines, it can stay here. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:17, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] :::There's been a Wikibook on this every single year, as I mentioned in my comment on the deletion notice. That doesn't mean that this shouldn't be on Wikiversity, just that there is ample precedent of it being a Wikibook. Dunno if this matter to those kind of editorial decisions, though. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-51010-27|~2026-51010-27]] ([[User talk:~2026-51010-27|talk]]) 13:39, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[User:~2026-51010-27|~2026-51010-27]]: How would the page comply with [[WB:What is Wikibooks?|Wikibooks' mission]]?. Could you provide an explanation of what the project is? If it's a collaborative project to work on solutions for a standardized test (like @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] said), it would be more suitable for Wikiversity. If it's a textbook about A-level computing, then it would be suitable here. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :::::Hi, :::::This is definitely the former, not the latter. As I said, I don't particularly think this should be on Wikibooks, it just happens the previous years had been, and clearly they weren't subject to this degree of scrutiny 😅 :::::I have created https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/A-level_Computer_Science_AQA_Paper_1_Skeleton_program_2027 - I'll delete the content of the page and put the link at the top. If there is a more appropriate banner to indicate the migration, please make it look how it should :D [[User:MrBerard|MrBerard]] ([[User talk:MrBerard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrBerard|contribs]]) 10:23, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::::::I can't seem to put a link without the edit being deemed destructive, so I'll let you trusted people do what's needed. [[User:MrBerard|MrBerard]] ([[User talk:MrBerard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrBerard|contribs]]) 10:27, 29 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikijunior:Alphabet of Wikibooks]] == I do not know whether this page is useful or not, due to [[Wikijunior:Alphabet]] already existing. I would support the deletion of this given that it contains many red links as well. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 01:41, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - As proposer. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 01:42, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - we already have a book on this topic. And no, "Afghanistan" and "Quagga" are not good example words for children. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 23 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Active Directory Security and Penetration Testing]] == I have high confidence that this book was created using a genAI LLM (see flags on individual pages). I will plan to delete this in, say, a week, but I'm popping over here to allow for discussion if needed. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:32, 24 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}- advertisement for a Python tool disguised as a book. No useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 19:56, 24 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}- per [[User:Ternera|Ternera]]. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 22:41, 24 September 2026 (UTC) ::I wrote the SKELETON USING LLM [[User:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[User talk:נתנאל שטרן|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/נתנאל שטרן|contribs]]) 13:45, 25 September 2026 (UTC) :I would say this is absolutely LLM-generated, {{vd}} [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 03:26, 30 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Talmudic aramic]] == Per the user's other mass-created pages, I concur with the AI flagging that Kittycataclysm placed on the page. I believe this to be LLM-generated, and it should thus be deleted. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 03:29, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, LLM spam. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 13:22, 30 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Job Search]] == * as well as [[Job Search Automation for College Students]]. Neither of these books contains any useful information. The first book seems to be written primarily to funnel users to the second, and the second to funnel users to [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]], which was deleted last year. (The deletion request doesn't seem to have been archived.) The sum total of information in these two books is, essentially, "you can search for jobs online", which is insultingly trivial. The second book's suggestion that users automate the job search process is of no practical value; most web search engines and job search sites nowadays will detect and block automated access. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:36, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikipage]] == Like a few other books created by this user, the purpose of this book appears to have been to promote a piece of software written by the author ([[User:Planotse]]). The software is no longer available, and there is no actual content in the book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:40, 1 October 2026 (UTC) fkwgdsmjwarsfm558qmrzcwnkki4x4y 4673531 4673525 2026-10-01T19:11:16Z Omphalographer 3427146 /* Talmudic aramic */ Reply 4673531 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|^talk]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC) ::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] == {{closed|Deleted due to generative LLM content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 29 September 2026 (UTC)}} Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC) :<nowiki>'''Keep'''</nowiki> — Comment from page author/subject expert. :I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the <nowiki>''</nowiki>Objective Projection<nowiki>''</nowiki> methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently. :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>On the content itself:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through: :* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: "Levent Bulut Objective Projection") :* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at <nowiki>''</nowiki>Digital Humanities Quarterly<nowiki>''</nowiki> :* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology :* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection) :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>On AI assistance:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The <nowiki>''</nowiki>ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments<nowiki>''</nowiki> are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025. :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>Proposed remedy instead of deletion:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> I am happy to: :# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms :# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim :# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record :This would address the <nowiki>''</nowiki>undisclosed<nowiki>''</nowiki> part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors. :<nowiki>I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28847-60|&#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures ::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion. ::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by: ::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page. ::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives). ::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format). ::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records. ::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts: ::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''"large amount of content removal"''' filter. ::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''"automated link/spam"''' filter. ::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28847-60|&#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC) ::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either. ::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Art And AI]] == Suspected rampant LLM use; this also seems to violate [[WB:BLOG]] and [[WB:SOURCE]], since this seems largely like personal research/personal essays and opinions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:25, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - as a book, this isn't even particularly coherent. For instance, chapters like [[Art And AI/Tools Of The Artist]] have no clear relationship to the intended topic. And the chapters which do address the topic, like [[Art And AI/Can AIs Go On Strike]], certainly seem more like an opinion piece (if not outright fantasy content) than serious material appropriate for an instructional text. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, does not fit this project and appears to be LLM-generated. No useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 15:13, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == [[A-level Computing AQA Paper 1 Skeleton program 2027]] == This was proposed for speedy deletion by [[User:Omphalographer]] as 'not being a book'. However, I think this page's future requires further discussion from the community. Maybe some input would be appreciated?[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:51, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :As best I can tell, this is a page students are using to collaborate on solutions for a standardized test. There are a number of similar pages for other years linked from [[A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program]]. :This is not a good fit for Wikibooks. If these students are interested in this kind of collaboration, it should take place elsewhere. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:14, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::The project can be moved to Wikiversity, I think. If the students can contribute it and make sure it complies with Wikibooks' guidelines, it can stay here. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:17, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] :::There's been a Wikibook on this every single year, as I mentioned in my comment on the deletion notice. That doesn't mean that this shouldn't be on Wikiversity, just that there is ample precedent of it being a Wikibook. Dunno if this matter to those kind of editorial decisions, though. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-51010-27|~2026-51010-27]] ([[User talk:~2026-51010-27|talk]]) 13:39, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[User:~2026-51010-27|~2026-51010-27]]: How would the page comply with [[WB:What is Wikibooks?|Wikibooks' mission]]?. Could you provide an explanation of what the project is? If it's a collaborative project to work on solutions for a standardized test (like @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] said), it would be more suitable for Wikiversity. If it's a textbook about A-level computing, then it would be suitable here. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :::::Hi, :::::This is definitely the former, not the latter. As I said, I don't particularly think this should be on Wikibooks, it just happens the previous years had been, and clearly they weren't subject to this degree of scrutiny 😅 :::::I have created https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/A-level_Computer_Science_AQA_Paper_1_Skeleton_program_2027 - I'll delete the content of the page and put the link at the top. If there is a more appropriate banner to indicate the migration, please make it look how it should :D [[User:MrBerard|MrBerard]] ([[User talk:MrBerard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrBerard|contribs]]) 10:23, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::::::I can't seem to put a link without the edit being deemed destructive, so I'll let you trusted people do what's needed. [[User:MrBerard|MrBerard]] ([[User talk:MrBerard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrBerard|contribs]]) 10:27, 29 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikijunior:Alphabet of Wikibooks]] == I do not know whether this page is useful or not, due to [[Wikijunior:Alphabet]] already existing. I would support the deletion of this given that it contains many red links as well. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 01:41, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - As proposer. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 01:42, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - we already have a book on this topic. And no, "Afghanistan" and "Quagga" are not good example words for children. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 23 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Active Directory Security and Penetration Testing]] == I have high confidence that this book was created using a genAI LLM (see flags on individual pages). I will plan to delete this in, say, a week, but I'm popping over here to allow for discussion if needed. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:32, 24 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}- advertisement for a Python tool disguised as a book. No useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 19:56, 24 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}- per [[User:Ternera|Ternera]]. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 22:41, 24 September 2026 (UTC) ::I wrote the SKELETON USING LLM [[User:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[User talk:נתנאל שטרן|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/נתנאל שטרן|contribs]]) 13:45, 25 September 2026 (UTC) :I would say this is absolutely LLM-generated, {{vd}} [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 03:26, 30 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Talmudic aramic]] == Per the user's other mass-created pages, I concur with the AI flagging that Kittycataclysm placed on the page. I believe this to be LLM-generated, and it should thus be deleted. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 03:29, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, LLM spam. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 13:22, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - like most LLM-generated books, this is heavy on structure and light on substance. Most of the content amounts to a poorly organized glossary, and there are a lot of pieces missing. (For instance, there is no discussion of the grammar of the language beyond a couple of fixed expressions.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:11, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Job Search]] == * as well as [[Job Search Automation for College Students]]. Neither of these books contains any useful information. The first book seems to be written primarily to funnel users to the second, and the second to funnel users to [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]], which was deleted last year. (The deletion request doesn't seem to have been archived.) The sum total of information in these two books is, essentially, "you can search for jobs online", which is insultingly trivial. The second book's suggestion that users automate the job search process is of no practical value; most web search engines and job search sites nowadays will detect and block automated access. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:36, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikipage]] == Like a few other books created by this user, the purpose of this book appears to have been to promote a piece of software written by the author ([[User:Planotse]]). The software is no longer available, and there is no actual content in the book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:40, 1 October 2026 (UTC) i59mv85ocxu3nj4f9hljbafgoos545a 4673571 4673531 2026-10-02T05:14:41Z Kai Burghardt 153973 /* Job Search */ {{[[Template: vd|vote delete]]}} 4673571 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|^talk]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC) ::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] == I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC) :{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC) ::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC) == [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] == {{closed|Deleted due to generative LLM content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 29 September 2026 (UTC)}} Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC) :<nowiki>'''Keep'''</nowiki> — Comment from page author/subject expert. :I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the <nowiki>''</nowiki>Objective Projection<nowiki>''</nowiki> methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently. :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>On the content itself:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through: :* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: "Levent Bulut Objective Projection") :* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at <nowiki>''</nowiki>Digital Humanities Quarterly<nowiki>''</nowiki> :* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology :* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection) :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>On AI assistance:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The <nowiki>''</nowiki>ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments<nowiki>''</nowiki> are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025. :<nowiki>'''</nowiki>Proposed remedy instead of deletion:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> I am happy to: :# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms :# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim :# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record :This would address the <nowiki>''</nowiki>undisclosed<nowiki>''</nowiki> part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors. :<nowiki>I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28847-60|&#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures ::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion. ::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by: ::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page. ::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives). ::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format). ::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records. ::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts: ::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''"large amount of content removal"''' filter. ::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''"automated link/spam"''' filter. ::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28847-60|&#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) :::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC) ::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either. ::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Art And AI]] == Suspected rampant LLM use; this also seems to violate [[WB:BLOG]] and [[WB:SOURCE]], since this seems largely like personal research/personal essays and opinions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:25, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - as a book, this isn't even particularly coherent. For instance, chapters like [[Art And AI/Tools Of The Artist]] have no clear relationship to the intended topic. And the chapters which do address the topic, like [[Art And AI/Can AIs Go On Strike]], certainly seem more like an opinion piece (if not outright fantasy content) than serious material appropriate for an instructional text. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, does not fit this project and appears to be LLM-generated. No useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 15:13, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == [[A-level Computing AQA Paper 1 Skeleton program 2027]] == This was proposed for speedy deletion by [[User:Omphalographer]] as 'not being a book'. However, I think this page's future requires further discussion from the community. Maybe some input would be appreciated?[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:51, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :As best I can tell, this is a page students are using to collaborate on solutions for a standardized test. There are a number of similar pages for other years linked from [[A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program]]. :This is not a good fit for Wikibooks. If these students are interested in this kind of collaboration, it should take place elsewhere. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:14, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::The project can be moved to Wikiversity, I think. If the students can contribute it and make sure it complies with Wikibooks' guidelines, it can stay here. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:17, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] :::There's been a Wikibook on this every single year, as I mentioned in my comment on the deletion notice. That doesn't mean that this shouldn't be on Wikiversity, just that there is ample precedent of it being a Wikibook. Dunno if this matter to those kind of editorial decisions, though. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-51010-27|~2026-51010-27]] ([[User talk:~2026-51010-27|talk]]) 13:39, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[User:~2026-51010-27|~2026-51010-27]]: How would the page comply with [[WB:What is Wikibooks?|Wikibooks' mission]]?. Could you provide an explanation of what the project is? If it's a collaborative project to work on solutions for a standardized test (like @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] said), it would be more suitable for Wikiversity. If it's a textbook about A-level computing, then it would be suitable here. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :::::Hi, :::::This is definitely the former, not the latter. As I said, I don't particularly think this should be on Wikibooks, it just happens the previous years had been, and clearly they weren't subject to this degree of scrutiny 😅 :::::I have created https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/A-level_Computer_Science_AQA_Paper_1_Skeleton_program_2027 - I'll delete the content of the page and put the link at the top. If there is a more appropriate banner to indicate the migration, please make it look how it should :D [[User:MrBerard|MrBerard]] ([[User talk:MrBerard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrBerard|contribs]]) 10:23, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::::::I can't seem to put a link without the edit being deemed destructive, so I'll let you trusted people do what's needed. [[User:MrBerard|MrBerard]] ([[User talk:MrBerard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MrBerard|contribs]]) 10:27, 29 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikijunior:Alphabet of Wikibooks]] == I do not know whether this page is useful or not, due to [[Wikijunior:Alphabet]] already existing. I would support the deletion of this given that it contains many red links as well. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 01:41, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - As proposer. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 01:42, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - we already have a book on this topic. And no, "Afghanistan" and "Quagga" are not good example words for children. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 23 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Active Directory Security and Penetration Testing]] == I have high confidence that this book was created using a genAI LLM (see flags on individual pages). I will plan to delete this in, say, a week, but I'm popping over here to allow for discussion if needed. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:32, 24 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}- advertisement for a Python tool disguised as a book. No useful content. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 19:56, 24 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}- per [[User:Ternera|Ternera]]. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 22:41, 24 September 2026 (UTC) ::I wrote the SKELETON USING LLM [[User:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[User talk:נתנאל שטרן|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/נתנאל שטרן|contribs]]) 13:45, 25 September 2026 (UTC) :I would say this is absolutely LLM-generated, {{vd}} [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 03:26, 30 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Talmudic aramic]] == Per the user's other mass-created pages, I concur with the AI flagging that Kittycataclysm placed on the page. I believe this to be LLM-generated, and it should thus be deleted. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 03:29, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}}, LLM spam. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 13:22, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - like most LLM-generated books, this is heavy on structure and light on substance. Most of the content amounts to a poorly organized glossary, and there are a lot of pieces missing. (For instance, there is no discussion of the grammar of the language beyond a couple of fixed expressions.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:11, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Job Search]] == * as well as [[Job Search Automation for College Students]]. Neither of these books contains any useful information. The first book seems to be written primarily to funnel users to the second, and the second to funnel users to [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]], which was deleted last year. (The deletion request doesn't seem to have been archived.) The sum total of information in these two books is, essentially, "you can search for jobs online", which is insultingly trivial. The second book's suggestion that users automate the job search process is of no practical value; most web search engines and job search sites nowadays will detect and block automated access. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:36, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : {{vd}} and redirect to [[Find Employment]]. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 05:14, 2 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikipage]] == Like a few other books created by this user, the purpose of this book appears to have been to promote a piece of software written by the author ([[User:Planotse]]). The software is no longer available, and there is no actual content in the book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:40, 1 October 2026 (UTC) 99jahtp0d0hecu8l8q4y20vbs5wwxxr 10 3254 4673548 3446436 2026-10-02T00:38:12Z ~2026-52865-56 3627373 /* */ 4673548 wikitext text/x-wiki // Space Developers - Proposed Bungalow Plan For Mr. BANDAR // Scale: 1 unit = 1 foot wall_thickness = 0.5; // 6-inch walls height = 10; // 10 feet ceiling height module outer_walls() { // Main boundary of 34' x 27' difference() { cube([34, 27, height]); // Fixed the typo in the Z-axis translate offset below translate([wall_thickness, wall_thickness, -1]) cube([34 - (2*wall_thickness), 27 - (2*wall_thickness), height + 2]); } } module internal_walls() { // Utility (3' wide) & Kitchen (11'6" wide) separation translate([3, 0, 0]) cube([wall_thickness, 11, height]); // Kitchen & Living Room (17' wide) separation translate([14.5, 0, 0]) cube([wall_thickness, 15, height]); // Front area (Kitchen/Living) & Back area (Bedrooms/Bathrooms) horizontal separator translate([0, 15, 0]) cube([34, wall_thickness, height]); // M. Bedroom (11'6"x10') and Bathrooms separation translate([11.5, 15, 0]) cube([wall_thickness, 12, height]); // Bathrooms and 13'x10' Bedroom separation translate([19, 15, 0]) cube([wall_thickness, 12, height]); } module floor_and_balcony() { // Main Built-up Floor color("DimGray") cube([34, 27, 0.5]); // Balcony (7' x 15'6") adjacent to the right side of the house translate([34, 0, 0]) color("Silver") cube([7, 15.5, 0.5]); } // Assemble the 3D Model union() { floor_and_balcony(); color("LightGray") outer_walls(); color("LightGray") outer_walls(); // Kept original structure layout color("LightGray") internal_walls(); } jhgthooh9tko1or2phhpnlsibw9tau6 4673549 4673548 2026-10-02T00:41:42Z Veritas Sapientiae 3399623 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/~2026-52865-56|~2026-52865-56]] ([[User talk:~2026-52865-56|talk]]) to last version by Mr. Guye: unnecessary links or spam 3446436 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="noprint">{{#switch:{{{type|{{{2|box}}}}}} |box={{<noinclude>B</noinclude>mbox|type={{{mbox-type|{{{box-type|notice}}}}}}|text='''{{{text|<includeonly>{{is book|This book is currently incomplete.|</includeonly>The text in its current form is incomplete.<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}'''{{#if:{{{date|}}}|&nbsp;<small>''(As of {{{date}}})''</small>|}}}} |text='''{{{text|The text in its current form is incomplete.}}}''' {{#if:{{{date|}}}|<small>''(As of {{{date}}})''</small>|}} }}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 2d6qonkug44bn9k1wf0nn9coq695q8g 102 5388 4673461 4520370 2026-10-01T14:46:50Z Virinas-code 3452287 /* Characteristics */ Fix a small typo 4673461 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{Ingredient summary | Image = [[File:Chou-fleur 02.jpg|300px]] | Category = Vegetables }} {{Vegetable}} '''Cauliflower''' is a [[Cookbook:Vegetables|vegetable]] in the cabbage family. It is very similar in appearance to [[Cookbook:Broccoli|broccoli]], but with a different flavor. == Characteristics == As it is technically an immature flower, cauliflower takes the form of a large textured globe shape called a head. Like broccoli, the head is made of multiple branching florets on a central stalk,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gisslen |first=Wayne |url=https://books.google.dm/books?id=S3q5BwAAQBAJ |title=Essentials of Professional Cooking, 2nd Edition |date=2015-03-12 |publisher=Wiley Global Education |isbn=978-1-119-03072-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Labensky |first=Sarah R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E3t-swEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=On Cooking: A Textbook of Culinary Fundamentals |last2=Hause |first2=Alan M. |last3=Martel |first3=Priscilla |date=2018-01-18 |publisher=Pearson |isbn=978-0-13-444190-0 |language=en}}</ref> and it has large cabbagelike leaves at the base of this stalk. The florets are white in color—though they can also come in purple or yellow varieties—with a very mild flavor. When raw, cauliflower has a crunchy texture and watery flavor that softens and mellows when cooked.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Ruhlman |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cO6-wjf_XdgC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Elements of Cooking: Translating the Chef's Craft for Every Kitchen |date=2008 |publisher=Black Incorporated |isbn=978-1-86395-143-2 |language=en}}</ref> All parts of the cauliflower are edible.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Thaler |first=Maximus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_0AwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=A Curious Harvest: The Practical Art of Cooking Everything |last2=Safferstein |first2=Dayna |date=2014-09 |publisher=Quarry Books |isbn=978-1-59253-928-4 |language=en}}</ref> == Selection and storage == When selecting cauliflower, look for heads that are firm and dense, with no sliminess.<ref name=":1" /> Small brown speckles are acceptable if not widespread, as they can be trimmed off. The buds at the tips of the florets should be tightly closed with no dryness or signs of blooming.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The leaves should be green and fresh, again with no sliminess. Store cauliflower in the fridge, wrapped in plastic, where it will keep well for about 3 weeks.<ref name=":1" /> == Preparation == To prepare cauliflower for cooking, begin by slicing off the outer leaves at the base of the stalk. If there is a particularly tough or woody base, slice this off as well, and remove any brown or discolored parts.<ref name=":3" /> From here, use the tip of a sharp knife to begin separating the florets from the central stalk,<ref name=":0" /> breaking them down into the size and shape called for by your recipe. You will eventually be left with the central stalk, which can be trimmed/peeled and eaten as well.<ref name=":3" /> If you want to eat the leaves, remove the central rib on each one, as it is tough and usually unappetizing.<ref name=":3" /> Some recipes call for '''cauliflower rice''' or '''cauliflower couscous'''. These refer to cauliflower where the very tips of the florets are sliced off, producing small grains similar in appearance to rice or couscous. == Use == Because it is quite mild, cauliflower can be cooked in a variety of ways, taking well to many flavors and cooking techniques. If you want to keep the original flavor, steaming and boiling are the best options.<ref name=":1" /> From there, it can be readily incorporated into [[Cookbook:Salad|salads]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001/acref-9780199677337 |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |date=2014-01-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001}}</ref> [[Cookbook:Roasting|Roasting]] cauliflower is a great way to concentrate and develop the flavor,<ref name=":2" /> and it also takes well to soups, stews, curries, and rich gratins.<ref name=":2" /> Sometimes cauliflower is [[Cookbook:Pickling|pickled]], typically to be sold with [[Cookbook:Pickling|pickled]] [[Cookbook:Onion|onions]] and [[Cookbook:Pickle|pickled cucumbers]]. If working with a colored variety, try cooking it with like colors to prevent color loss and leaching—for example, yellow cauliflower is complemented by turmeric, and purple cauliflower can be cooked with red wine and beets.<ref name=":3" /> == Recipes == <div style="column-count:3"> <categorytree mode="all"; hideprefix="always">Recipes using cauliflower</categorytree> </div> == References == [[Category:Brassicas|Cauliflower]] 4tvrj8l2gwmziuktn8yqjo2kw43sps1 13 10543 4673483 4408535 2026-10-01T16:10:54Z ~2026-52660-80 3627341 4673483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{metatalk}} {{rfd-survi67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHHved}} == VisualEditor == {{ping|Leaderboard}} I maintain VisualEditor is a terrible idea, and that, in particular, encouraging new editors to use it would have disastrous long-term consequences, rather like painting a nursery with lead-based paint and then encouraging the children to chew on it. --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 19:25, 6 June 2018 (UTC) {{Reply to|Pi zero}}, hmmm... why? Why do you think it will have disasterous long-term consequences? Isn't VisualEditor easier to use - or do you mean that all editors should learn wiki syntax? I agree that learning it is not particularly difficult, but I thought that VisualEditor would help new editors more than anyone else. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:52, 7 June 2018 (UTC) : {{ping|Leaderboard}} Well, here's one way to put it. The thing that makes wikis a thing is wiki markup, and the key to wiki markup is not just that it's easy to learn, but that users learn it by osmosis: in the process of doing some small thing, they see how existing wiki markup is put together, not only the thing they're changing but also stuff near it on the page. There ''are'' things that could be done to make the experience of editing work better than the generic "edit window" approach, providing better support for osmosis-learning; but WYSIWYG is fundamentally antithetical to osmosis-learning, because the whole point of WYSIWYG is to ''prevent'' the user from seeing the underlying representation. :This goes hand-in-hand with doing ''everything'' using wiki markup, so that as everyone learns this one simple medium it gives everyone access to everything, rather than having some things separated by large gaps that cannot be overcome gradually by osmosis. Which is why I also disapprove of replacing template internals with Lua. I'm developing tools meant to put more within the grasp of wiki markup, even while the Foundation is evidently working to do the opposite; my three key elements are [[help:dialog|dialog]], {{tl|evalx}}, and [[Module:TScope]], the latter two of which handle large classes of "corner cases", while dialog brings interactivity to wiki markup as an alternative to writing specific interactive code in javascript. :Fwiw, I've got a general essay on all this, [[n:User:Pi zero/essays/vision/sisters]]. --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 18:29, 7 June 2018 (UTC) == gallery == Hi. Here is <pre> <gallery> File:Example.jpg|Caption1 File:Example.jpg|Caption2 </gallery> </pre> Ic can also be : <pre> <gallery> Example.jpg|Caption1 Example.jpg|Caption2 </gallery> </pre> What do you think ? [[User:Soul windsurfer|Soul windsurfer]] ([[User talk:Soul windsurfer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Soul windsurfer|contribs]]) 06:12, 16 November 2022 (UTC) t8hard5xou79rm6h8yowcdjwecgcani 4673488 4673483 2026-10-01T16:14:11Z Saroj 3098642 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-52660-80|~2026-52660-80]] ([[User talk:~2026-52660-80|talk]]) to last version by ShakespeareFan00 4408535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{metatalk}} {{rfd-survived}} == VisualEditor == {{ping|Leaderboard}} I maintain VisualEditor is a terrible idea, and that, in particular, encouraging new editors to use it would have disastrous long-term consequences, rather like painting a nursery with lead-based paint and then encouraging the children to chew on it. --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 19:25, 6 June 2018 (UTC) {{Reply to|Pi zero}}, hmmm... why? Why do you think it will have disasterous long-term consequences? Isn't VisualEditor easier to use - or do you mean that all editors should learn wiki syntax? I agree that learning it is not particularly difficult, but I thought that VisualEditor would help new editors more than anyone else. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:52, 7 June 2018 (UTC) : {{ping|Leaderboard}} Well, here's one way to put it. The thing that makes wikis a thing is wiki markup, and the key to wiki markup is not just that it's easy to learn, but that users learn it by osmosis: in the process of doing some small thing, they see how existing wiki markup is put together, not only the thing they're changing but also stuff near it on the page. There ''are'' things that could be done to make the experience of editing work better than the generic "edit window" approach, providing better support for osmosis-learning; but WYSIWYG is fundamentally antithetical to osmosis-learning, because the whole point of WYSIWYG is to ''prevent'' the user from seeing the underlying representation. :This goes hand-in-hand with doing ''everything'' using wiki markup, so that as everyone learns this one simple medium it gives everyone access to everything, rather than having some things separated by large gaps that cannot be overcome gradually by osmosis. Which is why I also disapprove of replacing template internals with Lua. I'm developing tools meant to put more within the grasp of wiki markup, even while the Foundation is evidently working to do the opposite; my three key elements are [[help:dialog|dialog]], {{tl|evalx}}, and [[Module:TScope]], the latter two of which handle large classes of "corner cases", while dialog brings interactivity to wiki markup as an alternative to writing specific interactive code in javascript. :Fwiw, I've got a general essay on all this, [[n:User:Pi zero/essays/vision/sisters]]. --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 18:29, 7 June 2018 (UTC) == gallery == Hi. Here is <pre> <gallery> File:Example.jpg|Caption1 File:Example.jpg|Caption2 </gallery> </pre> Ic can also be : <pre> <gallery> Example.jpg|Caption1 Example.jpg|Caption2 </gallery> </pre> What do you think ? [[User:Soul windsurfer|Soul windsurfer]] ([[User talk:Soul windsurfer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Soul windsurfer|contribs]]) 06:12, 16 November 2022 (UTC) kguqunvf6zbd6yj731bzjb7ufodpi0h 0 19851 4673550 4672042 2026-10-02T00:59:39Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 4673550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Expand}} {{Attention}} {{book title|Ukrainian Language Textbook}} {{Category 3}} You are welcome to study one of the most beautiful languages in the world, the descendant of the language of ancient sacred Slavic texts, the Principality of Rus, the language of Cossacks—free people by the will of God known all over the world—and the modern Ukrainian (Ukrainian Cossack) nation, state, and society. Please remember, the main secrets of quickly learning every language are freedom of mind, constant training, using and speaking it. If you want to learn our language—read, write, listen, and make friends with us—and soon you will become the real Cossack, a free-minded man of the world—one of us. :) Don't worry about pronouncing or saying it in your own way or using mixed language—we, Ukrainians, often also use it, and we like to talk and make friends with people from all parts of our world despite their language skills, because we believe that all humanity is one big community of friends, or in our language—real Cossacks. :) Such sites as [[:w:uk:|Wikipedia in Ukrainian]] and [https://translate.google.com/ Google Translate] (one of the best translators in the modern world) will be a great help for you, especially during first time. {{Multiple image |image1=Flag of Ukraine.svg |image2=Найкращі миті життя.jpg |image3=2017 - Київ - Світанок над Дніпром.jpg |image4=Scene along Vorskla River - Poltava - Ukraine - 02 (42920318075).jpg}}<br clear="all"> ==Table of Contents== {{Book search}} {{Print version}} ===Chapter I: Introduction to Ukrainian=== # [[/Abbreviations/]] # [[/Glossary of Grammatical Terms/]] # [[/Introduction/]] # [[/History/]] # [[/Alphabet and Pronunciation/]] ===Chapter II: Nouns=== # [[/Words/]] # [[/Simple Sentences/]] # [[/Complex Sentences/]] # [[/Common Phrases/]] # [[Ukrainian/Texts|Parallel English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English Texts]] ===Chapter III: Adjectives=== # [[/Adjectives/]] ===Chapter IV: Pronouns=== # [[/Pronouns/]] ===Chapter V: Numerals=== # [[/Numerals/]] ===Chapter VI: Verbs=== # [[/The Present Tense/]] # [[/The Perfective Future Tense/]] # [[/The Imperative/]] # [[/The Past Tense/]] ====Compound Tenses==== # [[/The Imperfective Future Tense/]] # [[/The Past Perfect/]] # [[/The Conditional/]] ====Non-Finite Verbal Forms==== # [[/The Infinitive/]] # [[/The Present Active Participle/]] # [[/The Present Passive Participle/]] # [[/The Present Adverbial Participle/]] # [[/The Past Active Participle/]] # [[/The Past Passive Participle/]] # [[/The Past Adverbial Participle/]] ===Chapter VII: Adverbs and Adverbial Constructions=== # [[/Overview of Adverbs/]] ===Chapter VIII: Conjunctions=== # [[/Conjunctions/]] ===Chapter IX: Ukrainian Culture=== # [[/Ukrainian Culture/Naming|Naming]] # [[/Religion/]] ==Appendix A - Vocabulary Lists== ==Appendix B - Grammar Summary== ==Appendix C - Reading Exercises== ==Authors & Contributors== * [[/Authors & Contributors/]] {{Shelves|Ukrainian language}} {{alphabetical|U}} {{status|25%}} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[be:Українська мова]] [[he:אוקראינית]] r37vm8cm2e6gumil43lir7c9caz6ngq 4673556 4673550 2026-10-02T01:36:48Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 4673556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Expand}} {{Attention}} {{book title|Ukrainian Language Textbook}} {{Category 3}} You are welcome to study one of the most beautiful languages in the world, the descendant of the language of ancient sacred Slavic texts, the Principality of Rus, the language of Cossacks—free people by the will of God known all over the world—and the modern Ukrainian (Ukrainian Cossack) nation, state, and society. Please remember, the main secrets of quickly learning every language are freedom of mind, constant training, using and speaking it. If you want to learn our language—read, write, listen, and make friends with us—and soon you will become the real Cossack, a free-minded man of the world—one of us. :) Don't worry about pronouncing or saying it in your own way or using mixed language—we, Ukrainians, often also use it, and we like to talk and make friends with people from all parts of our world despite their language skills, because we believe that all humanity is one big community of friends, or in our language—real Cossacks. :) Such sites as [[:w:uk:|Wikipedia in Ukrainian]] and [https://translate.google.com/ Google Translate] (one of the best translators in the modern world) will be a great help for you, especially during first time. {{Multiple image |image1=Flag of Ukraine.svg |image2=Найкращі миті життя.jpg |image3=2017 - Київ - Світанок над Дніпром.jpg |image4=Scene along Vorskla River - Poltava - Ukraine - 02 (42920318075).jpg}}<br clear="all"> ==Table of Contents== {{Book search}} {{Print version}} ===Chapter I: Introduction to Ukrainian=== # [[/Abbreviations/]] # [[/Glossary of Grammatical Terms/]] # [[/Introduction/]] # [[/History/]] # [[/Alphabet and Pronunciation/]] ===Chapter II: Nouns=== # [[/Words/]] # [[/Simple Sentences/]] # [[/Complex Sentences/]] # [[/Common Phrases/]] # [[Ukrainian/Texts|Parallel English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English Texts]] ===Chapter III: Adjectives=== # [[/Adjectives/]] ===Chapter IV: Pronouns=== # [[/Pronouns/]] ===Chapter V: Numerals=== # [[/Numerals/]] ===Chapter VI: Verbs=== # [[/The Present Tense/]] # [[/The Perfective Future Tense/]] # [[/The Imperative/]] # [[/The Past Tense/]] ====Compound Tenses==== # [[/The Imperfective Future Tense/]] # [[/The Past Perfect/]] # [[/The Conditional/]] ====Non-Finite Verbal Forms==== # [[/The Infinitive/]] # [[/The Present Active Participle/]] # [[/The Present Passive Participle/]] # [[/The Present Adverbial Participle/]] # [[/The Past Active Participle/]] # [[/The Past Passive Participle/]] # [[/The Past Adverbial Participle/]] ===Chapter VII: Adverbs and Adverbial Constructions=== # [[/Overview of Adverbs/]] ===Chapter VIII: Conjunctions=== # [[/Conjunctions/]] ===Chapter IX: Ukrainian Culture=== # [[/Ukrainian Culture/Naming|Naming]] # [[/Religion/]] ==Appendix A - Vocabulary Lists== ==Appendix B - Grammar Summary== ==Appendix C - Reading Exercises== ===A1–A2 Texts=== # [[/Найкращі Казки Малюкам/]] ===B1–B2 Texts=== ===C1–C2 Texts=== # [[/Кобзар/]] ==Authors & Contributors== * [[/Authors & Contributors/]] {{Shelves|Ukrainian language}} {{alphabetical|U}} {{status|25%}} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[be:Українська мова]] [[he:אוקראינית]] gqwgxr7dnn1lkkuxtpye6vjymmm9cpd 4673582 4673556 2026-10-02T06:27:53Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 A link was fixed. 4673582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Expand}} {{Attention}} {{book title|Ukrainian Language Textbook}} {{Category 3}} You are welcome to study one of the most beautiful languages in the world, the descendant of the language of ancient sacred Slavic texts, the Principality of Rus, the language of Cossacks—free people by the will of God known all over the world—and the modern Ukrainian (Ukrainian Cossack) nation, state, and society. Please remember, the main secrets of quickly learning every language are freedom of mind, constant training, using and speaking it. If you want to learn our language—read, write, listen, and make friends with us—and soon you will become the real Cossack, a free-minded man of the world—one of us. :) Don't worry about pronouncing or saying it in your own way or using mixed language—we, Ukrainians, often also use it, and we like to talk and make friends with people from all parts of our world despite their language skills, because we believe that all humanity is one big community of friends, or in our language—real Cossacks. :) Such sites as [[:w:uk:|Wikipedia in Ukrainian]] and [https://translate.google.com/ Google Translate] (one of the best translators in the modern world) will be a great help for you, especially during first time. {{Multiple image |image1=Flag of Ukraine.svg |image2=Найкращі миті життя.jpg |image3=2017 - Київ - Світанок над Дніпром.jpg |image4=Scene along Vorskla River - Poltava - Ukraine - 02 (42920318075).jpg}}<br clear="all"> ==Table of Contents== {{Book search}} {{Print version}} ===Chapter I: Introduction to Ukrainian=== # [[/Abbreviations/]] # [[/Glossary of Grammatical Terms/]] # [[/Introduction/]] # [[Ukrainian/History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language|History]] # [[/Alphabet and Pronunciation/]] ===Chapter II: Nouns=== # [[/Words/]] # [[/Simple Sentences/]] # [[/Complex Sentences/]] # [[/Common Phrases/]] # [[Ukrainian/Texts|Parallel English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English Texts]] ===Chapter III: Adjectives=== # [[/Adjectives/]] ===Chapter IV: Pronouns=== # [[/Pronouns/]] ===Chapter V: Numerals=== # [[/Numerals/]] ===Chapter VI: Verbs=== # [[/The Present Tense/]] # [[/The Perfective Future Tense/]] # [[/The Imperative/]] # [[/The Past Tense/]] ====Compound Tenses==== # [[/The Imperfective Future Tense/]] # [[/The Past Perfect/]] # [[/The Conditional/]] ====Non-Finite Verbal Forms==== # [[/The Infinitive/]] # [[/The Present Active Participle/]] # [[/The Present Passive Participle/]] # [[/The Present Adverbial Participle/]] # [[/The Past Active Participle/]] # [[/The Past Passive Participle/]] # [[/The Past Adverbial Participle/]] ===Chapter VII: Adverbs and Adverbial Constructions=== # [[/Overview of Adverbs/]] ===Chapter VIII: Conjunctions=== # [[/Conjunctions/]] ===Chapter IX: Ukrainian Culture=== # [[/Ukrainian Culture/Naming|Naming]] # [[/Religion/]] ==Appendix A - Vocabulary Lists== ==Appendix B - Grammar Summary== ==Appendix C - Reading Exercises== ===A1–A2 Texts=== # [[/Найкращі Казки Малюкам/]] ===B1–B2 Texts=== ===C1–C2 Texts=== # [[/Кобзар/]] ==Authors & Contributors== * [[/Authors & Contributors/]] {{Shelves|Ukrainian language}} {{alphabetical|U}} {{status|25%}} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[be:Українська мова]] [[he:אוקראינית]] 55jddqftog96di7f58oe6gla51zjd2j 0 26901 4673442 4630548 2026-10-01T13:41:51Z EvaZL 3540076 /* Aims of an opening */ Changed wording to improve tone 4673442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{details|Chess Opening Theory}} The following is an overview of the aims of an opening and some standard openings that you can try in your games. All of them are playable and should lead to reasonable games with best play. == Aims of an opening == Before looking at some of the more common openings played today it is important to consider what you are trying to achieve in the opening of a chess game. In some cases, one player will sacrifice a pawn, or in some cases even more, to accomplish the goals listed below. Such an opening is called a '''gambit'''. '''Development''' You should attempt to move your pieces away from their starting positions to squares in which they can participate more fully in the game. For example, a Knight at c3 is more effective both defensively and aggressively than a knight on b1. Avoid moving pieces more than once in the opening as this allows your opponent time to develop another piece while you are wasting time. Also avoid moving your queen in the opening, it can too easily be chased around the board by other pieces which aids your opponent's development while wasting moves for you. '''Control the Centre''' The squares in the centre of the board are critical for two reasons. The first is that pieces in the centre are able to move to more squares than pieces on the edges. (Note a knight on a3 can move to only 4 squares, whereas a knight on c3 can move to 8.) Secondly, if you control the centre it is easier to move pieces from Kingside to Queenside quickly. One of the great truths in chess is that attacks along one wing are destined to fail if the centre is not sufficiently controlled. This is because the defender with a strong centre will generally be able to muster enough defence on that side and at the same time mount a counterattack in the centre and/or on the other wing. So if you plan on mounting an attack make sure you control the centre. Traditionally it was thought that the ideal situation is one where you have a pawn majority in the centre, especially with pawns on d4 and e4 (for white). However it has been shown that an equally valid strategy is to control the centre with pieces and make minimal pawn moves. The thinking is that central pawn moves often lead to permanent positions and can block attacks. "Fianchettoing" a bishop by moving it to b2 or g2 after b3 or g3 allows the bishop to keep a watchful eye on the centre without fixing a pawn in the centre. '''Castle''' A King in the centre of the board is open to attack. It is generally a good idea to castle your king so as to be able to defend it more easily. Some players will sacrifice material in order to prevent the enemy king from castling and to attack it ferociously due to its vulnerability. Castling also has the added benefit of bringing the rooks together on the first rank so that they are able to combine in defence and attack. Once your pieces are developed, king is safely castled, and your rooks are combined, the opening is over. '''Protect the King''' It is not always necessary although highly advisable to protect the king through castling. That being said, there are other ways to go about protecting the king than castling although they are less efficient and will often result in pins. == '''King's Pawn Openings''' (open and semi-open games) == === Ruy Lopez (aka Spanish Opening) === '''1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5''' the main line continues '''3...a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0''' The move '''3...a6''' works because if white plays '''4.Bxc6 dxc6 5.Nxe5''', Black can regain the pawn with '''5...Qd4''' forking the e4 pawn and the knight. {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | |nd| | | | | |= 5 | |bl| | |pd| | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl| | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 | |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 |pd| |nd| | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= 4 |bl| | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql| |rl|kl| |= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} === Italian Game === '''1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | |nd| | | | | |= 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= 4 | | |bl| |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl| | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} There are two key replies: 3...Bc5, known as the Giuoco Piano (Italian for Quiet Game), and 3...Nf6 headed to a much more involved opening called the Two Knights Defence. School children in local clubs often drift into weaker variants of the Giuoco Piano, mostly out of insufficient knowledge. A few scholastic trainers have even suggested avoiding the opening, as there are fewer crisp strategic concepts compared to many other openings. {{-}} === Russian Game (aka Petrov Defence) === '''1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} The Petrov Defence may look like a counter-attack, and very early on this was supposed to be the idea. However, it soon became apparent that the symmetrical nature of the opening produced defensive positions. If White takes the pawn, Black should avoid taking it back because of 4. Qe2 Nd6?? 5.Nc6+ which wins the black queen. The main line goes 3. Nxe5 d6 4. Nf3 Nxe4. It is considered quite solid, and is a key defensive opening against the dangerous first move 1. e4. There are a few gambits which White can try to shift the style of the opening. The Cochrane gambit is perhaps the most dangerous. It involves a Knight sacrifice on f7. Currently not considered objectively sound, its use is psychological: White dares the opponent to spend twenty moves defending against an attack, and this pressure may cause the Black player to finally fall victim to a tactical shot. === Philidor Defence === '''1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | |pd| | | | |= 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} If Black wants to defend the threatened pawn with a pawn, this is the way to do it (playing 2...f6? is plain bad, as 3. Nxe5 fxe5 4. Qh5+ is winning for White). It gives Black a solid but somewhat cramped position. The f8 bishop is hemmed in and will be relegated to a defensive role. The Black knight retains the option of going to d7 leaving the c-pawn mobile, but it is not without reason that 2...Nc6 is much more common than 2...d6. {{-}} === Danish Gambit === '''1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.c3 dxc3 4.Bc4 cxb2 5.Bxb2''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |bl| |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|bl| | | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl| |ql|kl| |nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} This gambit gives White quick development and control of the center at the cost of two pawns initially. However, current opinion reports that to properly fend off the attacking waves, at least one and sometimes both pawns must be returned. This involves the liberating pawn push ...d5 by Black. Even so, inventive attacking players can still use the resulting open lines to play a complex game. {{-}} === Sicilian Defence === '''1.e4 c5''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | |pd| | | | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tright | |= 8 |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | |nd| | | | | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |nl|pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} Play can continue like this: '''2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4''' (2...d6 and 2...e6 are also common, and usually also met by 3.d4) This is called the Open Sicilian because the centre is open. Other variations include 2.Nc3(Closed Sicilian) and 2.f4(Grand Prix Attack). The Sicilian is the most common and best-scoring response to 1.e4, as it balances the white advantage with flank play. It discourages White from occupying the centre with 2.d4. After 2...cxd4 White must either take the pawn back with the queen (and move it again after 3.Qxd4 Nc6) or sacrifice the pawn, usually with 3.c3. One problem with the Sicilian is that there is a vast amount of theory written on it, and in a sharp opening like this, you can wind up in trouble if you don't know its theory. Therefore, you may want to try a simple Anti-Sicilian, such as 2.c3, when you encounter it as white. {{-}} === French Defence === '''1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd| | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | | |pl|pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} White has three essential continuations: 3.Nc3 "Winawer Variation" 3.Nd2 "Tarrasch Variation" 3.e5 "Advance Variation". A fourth alternative, the "Exchange Variation" is 3. exd5, but this actually frees Black's game from all of the traditional cramping problems of the French Defence. It is mainly used by White players who forgo all attempts at a theoretical battle, hoping to play on "general principles". The French Defence is considered one of the strongest black responses to the White opening move 1.e4. Among world class grandmasters, it currently trails the Sicilian 1. e4 c5 and the symmetrical 1.e4 e5 in popularity. {{-}} === Pirc Defence === '''1.e4 d6''', usually followed by '''2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | |pd| | | | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd| |pd|= 6 | | | |pd| |nd|pd| |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl|pl| | | |= 3 | | |nl| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} This opening bears considerable similarities to another one called the King's Indian, which begins 1.(e4 d6) d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7. However, subtle but long range strategic differences exist between the two. In the Pirc, White's c-file pawn is still at home, and not committed to the c4 square. This means that overall, White has better control of the d4 square. The pawn move c2-c4 has been replaced by a developing piece move N-c3, and this "faster" development tends to encourage White towards central or kingside attacks compared with the queenside play classically associated with the King's Indian defence. === Modern Defence === '''1.e4 g6''', usually followed by '''2.d4 Bg7''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|= 6 | | | | | | |pd| |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd| |nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|bd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | |pd| |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl|pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} This move order is often used to "back into" a Pirc defence, while avoiding specific move order issues. However, an entirely different range of strategy is possible based upon ...c6 and ...d5. === Alekhine's Defence === '''1.e4 Nf6''', usually followed by '''2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | |pd| | | | |= 5 | | | |nd|pl| | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} This looks like a rather alarming opening for Black to play. Black lets White chase the knight around the board and use that time to build up the pawn centre. Black's plan is to show that White has expanded too quickly, and will find the pawn centre vulnerable. The disadvantage to this opening is that if White succeeds in maintaining it, White will have a serious and suffocating advantage in space. {{-}} === Scandinavian Defence === '''1.e4 d5''', usually followed by ''' 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qa5''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | | | |pl| | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= . 8 |rd|nd|bd| |kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 |qd| | | | | | | |= 4 | | | | | | | | |= 3 | | |nl| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} Playing d7-d5 is the main idea behind most of the semi-open games for black. Here it is played immediately for the price of an extra move with the queen after 3.Nc3. Long disparaged as the epitome of weak play "because moving the queen early wastes time", it was resurrected in the 1990s with a pawn move c7-c6, allowing the queen to retreat from a5 to c7 when necessary. Now it is considered an attempt to reduce White's central pressure, and is popular among club players because White suddenly has to demonstrate some sophistication. {{-}} '''1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qa5 4.d4 Nf6 5.Nf3 Bg4 6.h3''' - possible continuation... {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd| |kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 |qd| | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | |nl| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd| | |kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 |qd| | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | |bd| |= 3 | | |nl| | |nl| |pl|= 2 |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl| |= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} This is a general continuation of the Scandinavian Defense. White developing its pieces towards the center by 4.d4 and 5.Nf3 placing the Knight on the natural f3 square. Meantime black develops also in a simple way 4...Nf6 and 5...Bg4 creating a pin for the white Knight. There is another pin for c3 Knight - created by the d4 pawn push. Now white has to eliminate the pins - in order to make the Knights free to move. White can do it by 6.h3 move or 6.Be2 - simple relieve for the Bishop pin. After 6.h3 black Bishop can retreat by 6...Bh5 - maintaining the pin or can capture the white Knight 6... Bxf3. {{-}} '''1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qa5 4.d4 Nf6 5.Nf3 Bg4 6.Be2 ?!''' - thematic continuation...not the best one... {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd| | |kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 |qd| | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | |bd| |= 3 | | |nl| | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |bl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl| | |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 | | |kd|rd| |bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | |nd| | |nd| | |= 5 |qd| | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | |bd| |= 3 | | |nl| |bl|nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |bl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| | |ql| |rl|kl| |= a b c d e f g h | }} Most of the club players - or "players in the parks" or casual internet players without any deep opening knowledge are taking this '''6.Be2?!''' move as a smooth continuation to relieve from the Bishop pin. The normal development of the pieces continues 6...Nc6 7.0-0 0-0-0 8.Be3 ... {{-}} == '''Queen's Pawn Openings''' (closed and semi-closed games) == === Queen's Gambit === '''1.d4 d5 2. c4''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''2...e6''' 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 leads to Queen's Gambit Declined [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen's_Gambit_Declined] variations. A special characteristic among the declined games has the Tarrasch-Defence 3... c5, mostly followed by 4.Nf3 Nc6 5.cxd5 exd5. {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd| | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''2...c6''' (usually followed by 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4) leads to the "Slav Defence". {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | |pd| | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} This is one of the opening "families" with interchangeable moves. It is quite possible to play both ...e6 and ...c6 (known as the Semi-Slav), and there are large numbers of interchangeable points called transpositions. '''2...dxc4''' is the "Queen's Gambit Accepted". {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pd|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} Black has gained a pawn but Black cannot keep it. If White wants it back White can play e2-e3 at some point, threatening the pawn with the bishop and if Black tries to defend it with ...b5 Black will find the queenside severely weakened (and the pawn should fall anyway). Nonetheless, this is playable for Black as well, instead of trying to keep the pawn, it is best to develop quickly and strike back at the White centre. === King's Indian Defence === '''1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd|pd| |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''3.Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd| | |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|bd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd|pd| |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | |nl| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd| | |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|bd|pd|= 6 | | | |pd| |nd|pd| |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl|pl| | | |= 3 | | |nl| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} Popularised after World War II, the King's Indian Defence involves opposite sides strategies in a race between Black's mating attack vs. White's methodical attempts to unravel Black's Queenside. At World Class level, there is some concern that Black's concept is very committal, leading Former Champion Garry Kasparov to discontinue his use of the opening shortly before he retired from the game. At any level below that, it is still very popular due to the deep developmental work by Fischer and Kasparov. === Grünfeld Defence === '''1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd|pd| |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''3.Nc3 d5''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd| |pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd|pd| |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | |nl| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} Looks a bit like a cross between the Queen's Gambit and the King's Indian Defence, but this opening is played differently from both of them. Black gives White an early opportunity to grab control of the centre with 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4. Black will need to launch a counterattack against that centre, perhaps with ...c5 to stop White from getting the upper hand. If Black succeeds, the White centre may indeed be very vulnerable, if Black fails, the centre will be very dominating. === Nimzo-Indian Defence === '''1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd|nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''3.Nc3 Bb4''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd| | |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd|nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | |bd|pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | |nl| | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} After 3.Nc3, White threatens to take control over the centre by playing 4.e4. The Nimzo-Indian, named after the hypermodern player Aron Nimzowitch, is one of the two main ways of preventing this (the other way is the direct 3...d5 which leads to the Queen's Gambit Declined). Black puts a bishop where it pins the White knight, and often intends to trade it off, surrendering the bishop pair but inflicting White with doubled pawns if needed to recapture with the b-pawn. White can avoid these doubled pawns by playing the queen to c2, but this costs time. On the other hand, Black has not staked out a big claim of the centre yet, and White can get a real space advantage if Black is careless. === Queen's Indian Defence === '''1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd|nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''3.Nf3 b6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd| |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | |pd| | |pd|nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} Strategically, this opening is similar to the Nimzo-Indian. White has played 3.Nf3 rather than 3.Nc3 so he is not threatening to grab the center with 4.e4 just yet. Playing the Nimzo-like 3...Bb4+ anyway is possible (and called the Bogo-Indian) and tends to lead to rather quiet play. More usual is 3...b6 which opens up for the bishop to go to b7 where it will continue the clamp-down on the e4-square, or to a6 where it will put pressure on White's pawn on c4. === Modern Benoni === '''1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | |pd| | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''3.d5 e6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd| |pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd|nd| | |= 5 | | |pd|pl| | | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} === Benko Gambit === '''1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | | |pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | |pd| | | | | |= 4 | | |pl|pl| | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''3.d5 b5''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd| | |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | |pd|pd|pl| | | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} == Other openings == === English Opening === '''1.c4''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} Black's most common responses are: '''1...e5''', a reversed Sicilian Defence {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''1...c5''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | |pd| | | | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''1...Nf6''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | |nd| | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} '''1...e6''' (preparing 2...d5) {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | |pd| | | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} and '''1...c6''' (preparing 2...d5) {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | |pd| | | | | |= 5 | | | | | | | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | | | |= 2 |pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} === Réti Opening === '''1.Nf3 d5 2.c4''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | |pl| | | | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} === Benko Opening === {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | | |pl| |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} This opening threatens to fianchetto the bishop on f1 to g2, threatening a rook capture, or h3, threatening a bishop exchange, either of which would also threaten a Black pawn center. However, this opening is rather passive and is relatively easy to parry. === King's Indian Attack === '''1.Nf3 d5 2.g3''' {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | |pd| | | | |= 4 | | | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | |nl|pl| |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl|= a b c d e f g h | }} {{-}} ===Barnes Opening=== This can end almost as quickly as it begins, with an ''extremely'' fast checkmate by Black (called ''fool's mate.'') {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= 4 | | | | | | | | |= 3 | | | | | |pl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | Barnes Opening }} {{-}} The Barnes Opening goes like this: '''1.f3 e5'''. {{Chess diagram small|= | tleft | |= 8 |rd|nd|bd| |kd|bd|nd|rd|= 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|= 6 | | | | | | | | |= 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= 4 | | | | | | |pl|qd|= 3 | | | | | |pl| | |= 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl| | |pl|= 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= a b c d e f g h | Fool's Mate }} {{-}} It can be continued as the Fool's Mate: '''2.g4?? Qh4#'''. Fortunately for White, the fool's mate is extremely rare, even among novices, because the Barnes Opening is passive and has no advantage over 1.f4, and because it is very easy for even a novice to see that the continuation of the Barnes Opening gives Black an immediate mate opportunity.{{see also|Chess Opening Theory}} <noinclude>{{Chess/Navigation|Strategy|Sample chess game}}</noinclude> [[it:Scacchi/Aperture di base]] [[fi:Shakkiaapinen/Avausteorian alkeet]] 3pv9bxob476zmisn7ph971z9hgc229r 0 36278 4673411 4639043 2026-10-01T12:07:46Z ~2026-52801-54 3627322 made it better by adding needed info 4673411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|Open game |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C20–C99]] |parent=[[../|King's pawn game]] |responses=<br> *[[/2. Nf3|2. Nf3 - King’s Knight opening]] *[[/2. Bc4|2. Bc4 - Bishop's opening]] *[[/2. f4|2. f4 - King's gambit]] *[[/2. Nc3|2. Nc3 - Vienna game]] *[[/2. d4|2. d4 - Centre game]] *[[/2. d3|2. d3 - Leonardis variation]] *[[/2. Qh5|2. Qh5 - Parham attack]] *[[/2. Qf3|2. Qf3 - Napoleon attack]] *[[/2. c3|2. c3 - MacLeod attack]] *[[/2. c4|2. c4 - The Whale]] *[[/2. Bb5|2. Bb5 - Portugese opening]] *[[/2. Ne2|2. Ne2 - Alapin opening]] *[[/2. Bd3|2. Bd3 - Tortoise opening]] *[[/2. a3|2. a3 - Mengarini's opening]] *[[/2. Nh3|2. Nh3 - Basman attack]] *[[/2. f3|2. f3? - King's Head opening]] *[[/2. Ke2|2. Ke2?? - Bongcloud attack]] *[[/2. b3|2. b3]] *[[/2. g3|2. g3]] *[[/2. g4|2. g4]] }} == 1...e5 · Open game == '''1...e5''' is the Open game (or the Double King's pawnst game). It is Black's classical response to 1. e4. By mirroring White's move, Black grabs an equal share of the centre and scope to develop some pieces. 1...e5 is also one of the few moves that directly interferes with White's ideal plan of playing d4. But, the move's merit is also a drawback: the longer the position remains symmetrical, the longer White will have an advantage by moving first. Though the move is still common at every level, it saw a modest decline in popularity during the 20th century. Black's pawnst on e5 is undefended, so it is easy for White to develop in a way that restricts Black's possible responses by threatening to capture it. This is White's most common plan, but they may also chose to develop without attacking. === Attack the pawnst === White may attack Black's undefended e5 pawnst. By attacking, White keeps the initiative: Black is forced to react to White's plans or they could lose the pawnst. [[/2. Nf3/|'''2. Nf3''']] is the overwhelmingly popular move here, about ten times more common than everything else combined. This attacks the pawnst while also developing a piece. Additionally, it controls the d4 square, ready to support a future d4 pawnst push, and starts to make room for White to castle. By far Black's most common response is 2...Nc6, to defend the pawnst while developing a piece. Alternatively, White can attack with a pawnst. [[/2. f4/|'''2. f4''']], the King's gambit, confronts the e5 pawnst and tries to lever open the f-file for an attack on Black's weak f7 pawnst. This is the quintessential [[wikipedia:Romantic chess|Romantic chess]] opening, popular with the likes of [[wikipedia:Paul Morphy|Paul Morphy]] and a staple of chess repertoires in the time when it was considered bad manners to decline a gambit. Its popularity began to wane in the late 19th century, but received some revival in the 20th century thanks to players including [[wikipedia:David Bronstein|David Bronstein]]. A prepared Black player should be able to grab the proffered pawnst and keep it. [[/2. d4|'''2. d4''']], the centre game, smashes the centre open. White can then sacrifice a pawnst or two to develop pieces with great speed (2...exd4 3. c3, the Danish gambit). {{clear}} <div style="display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:0.5em;"> {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 | caption = [[/2. Nf3|King's knight opening]] }} {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. f4 | caption = [[/2. f4|King's gambit]] }} {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. d4 | caption = [[/2. d4|Centre game]] }} </div> === Develop a piece === Since White's pieces are not under threat, they have the opportunity to choose which piece to develop. The main alternatives are [[/2. Bc4|'''2. Bc4''']], the Bishop's opening, and [[/2. Nc3|'''2. Nc3''']], the Vienna game. These don't immediately challenge e5 so Black has a little more flexibility in how they respond, but they are still solid moves and they keep open the option of either d4 or f4. Instead of their kingside knight, White can prioritise their queenside knight with '''2. Nc3'''. Depending on Black's response and their preference, they may following with 3. f4 (the Vienna gambit, a souped-up King's gambit). If White would like to develop their bishop first, then its best move is '''2. Bc4''' (Be2 is very passive, Bd3 blocks in White's d pawnst, Bb5 gets kicked by c6, and Ba6 bxa6, of course). The Bishop's opening is very transpositional depending on how Black responds. <div style="display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:0.5em;"> {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Nc3|caption=[[/2. Nc3|Vienna game]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Bc4|caption=[[/2. Bc4|Bishop's opening]]}} </div> === Playing for tricks === There are many alternative moves, but all with drawbacks. Some of these are playing for tricks: [[/2. Qh5|'''2. Qh5''']], called the Wayward Queen or Parham attack, and [[/2. Qf3|'''2. Qf3''']] (called the Napoleon attack). White hopes Black will blunder in the face of unbridled aggression and allow them to "Scholar's Mate" them or drop material, and if it is Black's first day playing chess, they will succeed (e.g. 1. e4 e5 2. Qh5 g6?? 3. Qxe5+ Ne7 4. Qxh8). If Black keeps their head, these moves are not dangerous. <div style="display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:0.5em;"> {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Qh5|caption=[[Chess/Parham Attack|Parham attack]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Qf3|caption=[[Chess/Napoleon Opening|Napoleon attack]]}} </div> === Bad moves === Some other moves are minor mistakes, where White is just a bit too passive and fails to develop: *[[/2. d3|'''2. d3?!''']], the Leonardis variation. A needlessly passive reply where White doesn't develop a piece and blocks in their bishop voluntarily. It resembles a Philidor defence in reverse. *[[/2. c3|'''2. c3?!''']], the MacLeod attack aka centre pawnst opening. White prepares to push d4, then after exd4 cxd4 they end up with two pawnsts in the centre. However, this seldom works out as Black can play d5 first. *'''2. a3''', '''2. a4''', and '''2. h3''' essentially function to pass the turn to Black with minimum disruption to White. Everything else is ''very'' bad. Some of these still have names (there is a lesson here: just because it has a name does not mean it's any good): *[[/2. Bb5|'''2. Bb5?''']], the so-called Portuguese opening. Unlike 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5, the bishop on b5 has nothing to do and can be kicked away by c6. We can only assume it is so named as a play on the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5|Spanish game]] (i.e. Portuguese is a language that is superficially similar to Spanish). *[[/2. Ne2|'''2. Ne2?''']], Alapin's opening. The knight is misplaced here, preventing development of the bishop and queen. Perhaps White thinks to support either d4 or f4, but it is simply too slow and hands Black the initiative. *[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nh3|2'''. Nh3?''']], the Basman attack, is named after IM Michael Basman who played the move in a game in 2013. The knight lays little claim to the centre, but it can be used to avoid highly theoretical lines. *[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Ke2|'''2. Ke2?''']], aka the Bongcloud, a deliberately bad "meme" opening used as a joke. An internet-famous game between [[wikipedia:Magnus Carlsen|Magnus Carlsen]] and [[wikipedia:Hikaru Nakamura|Hikaru Nakamura]] drew by repetition after both players played Ke2 Ke7 Ke1 Ke8 repeatedly.<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=2029671 Carlsen v Nakamura 2021 - Chessgames.com]</ref> <div style="display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:0.5em;"> {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. d3|caption=[[Chess/Indian Opening|Leonardis variation]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. c3|caption=[[Chess/Centre Pawn Opening|Centre pawn opening]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Bb5|caption=[[Chess/Portuguese Opening|Portuguese opening]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Ne2|caption=[[Chess/Alapin's Opening|Alapin's opening]]}} {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nh3 | caption = [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nh3|Basman Attack]] }} {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Ke2 | caption = [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Ke2|Bongcloud]] }} </div> == Statistics == ;Approximate chances : White win 51%, Draw ??%, Black win 45%. ;Estimated next move popularity: : Nf3 82%, Bc4 5%, Nc3 4%, f4 4%, d4 2%, all others less than 1% {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !colspan="7"|Continuation frequencies in different databases |- ! move !! average !! 365Chess.com (big) !! Chess Tempo (all) !! chessgames.com !! Lichess (masters) !! Lichess (database) |- ! 2. Nf3 | 82.1% || 86.0 || 87.3 || 84.7 || 91.7 || 61.1 |- ! 2. Bc4 | 4.8 || 3.8 || 3.7 || 2.9 || 3.2 || 10.4 |- ! 2. Nc3 | 4.4 || 4.2 || 4.1 || 4.8 || 2.7 || 6.2 |- ! 2. f4 | 4.1 || 3.7 || 3.0 || 6.1 || 1.7 || 6.1 |- ! 2. d4 | 2.3 || 1.7 || 1.5 || 1.1 || 0.6 || 6.4 |- ! 2. d3 | 0.6 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 2.9 |- ! 2. Qh5 | 0.6 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 2.9 |- ! 2. Qf3 | 0.3 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 1.3 |- ! 2. c3 | 0.2 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.6 |- ! 2. c4 | 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.4 |- ! 2. f3 | 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.4 |- ! 2. g3 | 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.3 |- ! 2. Bb5 | 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.2 |- ! 2. Ne2 | 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.1 |- ! 2. g4 | 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 |- ! 2. Ke2 | 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 |- ! everything else | 0.2 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.8 |} ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table|links=all |line1=2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 |name1=Spanish game,<br>closed Spanish |line2=2. ... ... 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d3 d6 6. O-O a6 7. a4 Ba7 8. Re1 O-O |name2=Italian game,<br>giuoco pianissimo |line3=2. ... ... 3. d4 exd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nxc6 bxc6 6. e5 Qe7 7. Qe2 Nd5 8. c4 |name3=Scotch game |line4=2. ... ... 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bg5 Bxc3 8. bxc3 Qe7 |name4=Four knights |line5=2. ... ... 3. c3 d5 4. Qa4 f6 5. d3 Be6 6. Be2 Ne7 7. O-O Qd7 8. Nbd2 g5 |name5=Ponziani |line6=2. ... Nf6 3. Nxe5 d6 4. Nf3 Nxe4 5. d4 d5 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. O-O Be7 8. c4 Nb4 |name6=Russian game,<br>classical |line7=2. ... d6 3. d4 exd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Be7 6. Be2 O-O 7. O-O Re8 8. f4 Bf8 |name7=Philidor defence,<br>exchange |line8=2. Bc4 Nf6 3. d3 c6 4. Nf3 d5 5. Bb3 Bd6 6. Nc3 dxe4 7. Ng5 O-O 8. Ncxe4 Nxe4 |name8=Bishop's opening,<br>Berlin defence |line9=2. Nc3 Nf6 3. g3 d5 4. exd5 Nxd5 5. Bg2 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bd6 7. Nf3 O-O 8. O-O Nc6 |name9=Vienna game,<br>Mieses variation |line10=2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 g5 4. h4 g4 5. Ne5 Nf6 6. Bc4 d5 7. exd5 Bd6 8. d4 Nh5 |name10=King's gambit accepted,<br>Kieseritzky gambit |line11=2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Nf6 5. Nc3 Bb4 6. Bd2 O-O 7. O-O-O Re8 8. Qg3 Rxe4 |name11=Centre game,<br>Berger variation |line12=2. ... ... 3. c3 dxc3 4. Bc4 cxb2 5. Bxb2 d5 6. Bxd5 Nf6 7. Bxf7+ Kxf7 8. Qxd8 Bb4+ |name12=Danish gambit accepted,<br>Schlechter defence |line13=2. d3 Nc6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Be2 d5 5. Nbd2 Bc5 6. O-O O-O 7. c3 a5 8. b3 Re8 |name13=Leonardis opening <br><small>(transposing to Tayler opening)</small> |line14=2. Qh5 Nc6 3. Bc4 g6 4. Qf3 Nf6 5. Ne2 Bg7 6. d3 d6 7. h3 O-O 8. Nbc3 |name14=Parham attack |line15=2. Qf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ne2 d6 |name15=Napoleon attack |line16=2. Bb5?! c6 3. Ba4 Nf6 4. Qe2 Bc5 |name16=Portuguese opening |line17=2. c3!? d5 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Bd6 |name17=MacLeod attack |line18=2. c4!? Nf6 3. Nc3 Bc5 4. g3 d6 |name18=English, the whale<br><small>(by transposition)</small> |line19=2. Ne2!? Nf6 3. Nbc3 Nc6 4. g3 Bc5 |name19=Alapin opening |line20=2. a3!? |name20=Mengarini's opening |line21=2. Bd3!? |name21=Tortoise |line22=2. Ke2?? |name22=Bongcloud attack }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{Wikipedia|Open Game}} {{reflist}} '''Bibliography''' {{BCO2}} {{MCO14}} {{NCO}} * [[wikipedia:Vasily_Panov|Panov, Vasily]] (1973). ''Teoría de Aperturas, Tomo I: Aperturas Abiertas - Aperturas Semiabiertas''. {{ISBN|84-270-0132-0}}. * [[wikipedia:Eric_Schiller|Schiller, Eric]] (2002). ''Standard Chess Openings''. {{ISBN|1-58042-048-6}}. ==External links== * 365Chess: [https://www.365chess.com/opening.php?m=3&n=5&ms=e4.e5 1. e4 e5] [[fi:Shakkiaapinen/Peli/1. e4/1...e5]] {{ChessMid}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} 88qblbi9qsoxaqzztb6lpe7rz23vpqq 4673439 4673411 2026-10-01T13:08:16Z JCrue 2226064 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-52801-54|~2026-52801-54]] ([[User talk:~2026-52801-54|talk]]) to last version by JCrue 4639043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|Open game |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C20–C99]] |parent=[[../|King's pawn game]] |responses=<br> *[[/2. Nf3|2. Nf3 - King’s Knight opening]] *[[/2. Bc4|2. Bc4 - Bishop's opening]] *[[/2. f4|2. f4 - King's gambit]] *[[/2. Nc3|2. Nc3 - Vienna game]] *[[/2. d4|2. d4 - Centre game]] *[[/2. d3|2. d3 - Leonardis variation]] *[[/2. Qh5|2. Qh5 - Parham attack]] *[[/2. Qf3|2. Qf3 - Napoleon attack]] *[[/2. c3|2. c3 - MacLeod attack]] *[[/2. c4|2. c4 - The Whale]] *[[/2. Bb5|2. Bb5 - Portugese opening]] *[[/2. Ne2|2. Ne2 - Alapin opening]] *[[/2. Bd3|2. Bd3 - Tortoise opening]] *[[/2. a3|2. a3 - Mengarini's opening]] *[[/2. Nh3|2. Nh3 - Basman attack]] *[[/2. f3|2. f3? - King's Head opening]] *[[/2. Ke2|2. Ke2?? - Bongcloud attack]] *[[/2. b3|2. b3]] *[[/2. g3|2. g3]] *[[/2. g4|2. g4]] }} == 1...e5 · Open game == '''1...e5''' is the Open game (or the Double King's Pawn game). It is Black's classical response to 1. e4. By mirroring White's move, Black grabs an equal share of the centre and scope to develop some pieces. 1...e5 is also one of the few moves that directly interferes with White's ideal plan of playing d4. But, the move's merit is also a drawback: the longer the position remains symmetrical, the longer White will have an advantage by moving first. Though the move is still common at every level, it saw a modest decline in popularity during the 20th century. Black's pawn on e5 is undefended, so it is easy for White to develop in a way that restricts Black's possible responses by threatening to capture it. This is White's most common plan, but they may also chose to develop without attacking. === Attack the pawn === White may attack Black's undefended e5 pawn. By attacking, White keeps the initiative: Black is forced to react to White's plans or they could lose the pawn. [[/2. Nf3/|'''2. Nf3''']] is the overwhelmingly popular move here, about ten times more common than everything else combined. This attacks the pawn while also developing a piece. Additionally, it controls the d4 square, ready to support a future d4 pawn push, and starts to make room for White to castle. By far Black's most common response is 2...Nc6, to defend the pawn while developing a piece. Alternatively, White can attack with a pawn. [[/2. f4/|'''2. f4''']], the King's gambit, confronts the e5 pawn and tries to lever open the f-file for an attack on Black's weak f7 pawn. This is the quintessential [[wikipedia:Romantic chess|Romantic chess]] opening, popular with the likes of [[wikipedia:Paul Morphy|Paul Morphy]] and a staple of chess repertoires in the time when it was considered bad manners to decline a gambit. Its popularity began to wane in the late 19th century, but received some revival in the 20th century thanks to players including [[wikipedia:David Bronstein|David Bronstein]]. A prepared Black player should be able to grab the proffered pawn and keep it. [[/2. d4|'''2. d4''']], the centre game, smashes the centre open. White can then sacrifice a pawn or two to develop pieces with great speed (2...exd4 3. c3, the Danish gambit). {{clear}} <div style="display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:0.5em;"> {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 | caption = [[/2. Nf3|King's knight opening]] }} {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. f4 | caption = [[/2. f4|King's gambit]] }} {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. d4 | caption = [[/2. d4|Centre game]] }} </div> === Develop a piece === Since White's pieces are not under threat, they have the opportunity to choose which piece to develop. The main alternatives are [[/2. Bc4|'''2. Bc4''']], the Bishop's opening, and [[/2. Nc3|'''2. Nc3''']], the Vienna game. These don't immediately challenge e5 so Black has a little more flexibility in how they respond, but they are still solid moves and they keep open the option of either d4 or f4. Instead of their kingside knight, White can prioritise their queenside knight with '''2. Nc3'''. Depending on Black's response and their preference, they may following with 3. f4 (the Vienna gambit, a souped-up King's gambit). If White would like to develop their bishop first, then its best move is '''2. Bc4''' (Be2 is very passive, Bd3 blocks in White's d pawn, Bb5 gets kicked by c6, and Ba6 bxa6, of course). The Bishop's opening is very transpositional depending on how Black responds. <div style="display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:0.5em;"> {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Nc3|caption=[[/2. Nc3|Vienna game]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Bc4|caption=[[/2. Bc4|Bishop's opening]]}} </div> === Playing for tricks === There are many alternative moves, but all with drawbacks. Some of these are playing for tricks: [[/2. Qh5|'''2. Qh5''']], called the Wayward Queen or Parham attack, and [[/2. Qf3|'''2. Qf3''']] (called the Napoleon attack). White hopes Black will blunder in the face of unbridled aggression and allow them to "Scholar's Mate" them or drop material, and if it is Black's first day playing chess, they will succeed (e.g. 1. e4 e5 2. Qh5 g6?? 3. Qxe5+ Ne7 4. Qxh8). If Black keeps their head, these moves are not dangerous. <div style="display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:0.5em;"> {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Qh5|caption=[[Chess/Parham Attack|Parham attack]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Qf3|caption=[[Chess/Napoleon Opening|Napoleon attack]]}} </div> === Bad moves === Some other moves are minor mistakes, where White is just a bit too passive and fails to develop: *[[/2. d3|'''2. d3?!''']], the Leonardis variation. A needlessly passive reply where White doesn't develop a piece and blocks in their bishop voluntarily. It resembles a Philidor defence in reverse. *[[/2. c3|'''2. c3?!''']], the MacLeod attack aka centre pawn opening. White prepares to push d4, then after exd4 cxd4 they end up with two pawns in the centre. However, this seldom works out as Black can play d5 first. *'''2. a3''', '''2. a4''', and '''2. h3''' essentially function to pass the turn to Black with minimum disruption to White. Everything else is ''very'' bad. Some of these still have names (there is a lesson here: just because it has a name does not mean it's any good): *[[/2. Bb5|'''2. Bb5?''']], the so-called Portuguese opening. Unlike 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5, the bishop on b5 has nothing to do and can be kicked away by c6. We can only assume it is so named as a play on the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5|Spanish game]] (i.e. Portuguese is a language that is superficially similar to Spanish). *[[/2. Ne2|'''2. Ne2?''']], Alapin's opening. The knight is misplaced here, preventing development of the bishop and queen. Perhaps White thinks to support either d4 or f4, but it is simply too slow and hands Black the initiative. *[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nh3|2'''. Nh3?''']], the Basman attack, is named after IM Michael Basman who played the move in a game in 2013. The knight lays little claim to the centre, but it can be used to avoid highly theoretical lines. *[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Ke2|'''2. Ke2?''']], aka the Bongcloud, a deliberately bad "meme" opening used as a joke. An internet-famous game between [[wikipedia:Magnus Carlsen|Magnus Carlsen]] and [[wikipedia:Hikaru Nakamura|Hikaru Nakamura]] drew by repetition after both players played Ke2 Ke7 Ke1 Ke8 repeatedly.<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=2029671 Carlsen v Nakamura 2021 - Chessgames.com]</ref> <div style="display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:0.5em;"> {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. d3|caption=[[Chess/Indian Opening|Leonardis variation]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. c3|caption=[[Chess/Centre Pawn Opening|Centre pawn opening]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Bb5|caption=[[Chess/Portuguese Opening|Portuguese opening]]}} {{Chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Ne2|caption=[[Chess/Alapin's Opening|Alapin's opening]]}} {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Nh3 | caption = [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nh3|Basman Attack]] }} {{Chess/board | moves = 1. e4 e5 2. Ke2 | caption = [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Ke2|Bongcloud]] }} </div> == Statistics == ;Approximate chances : White win 51%, Draw ??%, Black win 45%. ;Estimated next move popularity: : Nf3 82%, Bc4 5%, Nc3 4%, f4 4%, d4 2%, all others less than 1% {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !colspan="7"|Continuation frequencies in different databases |- ! move !! average !! 365Chess.com (big) !! Chess Tempo (all) !! chessgames.com !! Lichess (masters) !! Lichess (database) |- ! 2. Nf3 | 82.1% || 86.0 || 87.3 || 84.7 || 91.7 || 61.1 |- ! 2. Bc4 | 4.8 || 3.8 || 3.7 || 2.9 || 3.2 || 10.4 |- ! 2. Nc3 | 4.4 || 4.2 || 4.1 || 4.8 || 2.7 || 6.2 |- ! 2. f4 | 4.1 || 3.7 || 3.0 || 6.1 || 1.7 || 6.1 |- ! 2. d4 | 2.3 || 1.7 || 1.5 || 1.1 || 0.6 || 6.4 |- ! 2. d3 | 0.6 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 2.9 |- ! 2. Qh5 | 0.6 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 2.9 |- ! 2. Qf3 | 0.3 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 1.3 |- ! 2. c3 | 0.2 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.6 |- ! 2. c4 | 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.4 |- ! 2. f3 | 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.4 |- ! 2. g3 | 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.3 |- ! 2. Bb5 | 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.2 |- ! 2. Ne2 | 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.1 |- ! 2. g4 | 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 |- ! 2. Ke2 | 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 |- ! everything else | 0.2 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.8 |} ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table|links=all |line1=2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 |name1=Spanish game,<br>closed Spanish |line2=2. ... ... 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d3 d6 6. O-O a6 7. a4 Ba7 8. Re1 O-O |name2=Italian game,<br>giuoco pianissimo |line3=2. ... ... 3. d4 exd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nxc6 bxc6 6. e5 Qe7 7. Qe2 Nd5 8. c4 |name3=Scotch game |line4=2. ... ... 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bg5 Bxc3 8. bxc3 Qe7 |name4=Four knights |line5=2. ... ... 3. c3 d5 4. Qa4 f6 5. d3 Be6 6. Be2 Ne7 7. O-O Qd7 8. Nbd2 g5 |name5=Ponziani |line6=2. ... Nf6 3. Nxe5 d6 4. Nf3 Nxe4 5. d4 d5 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. O-O Be7 8. c4 Nb4 |name6=Russian game,<br>classical |line7=2. ... d6 3. d4 exd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Be7 6. Be2 O-O 7. O-O Re8 8. f4 Bf8 |name7=Philidor defence,<br>exchange |line8=2. Bc4 Nf6 3. d3 c6 4. Nf3 d5 5. Bb3 Bd6 6. Nc3 dxe4 7. Ng5 O-O 8. Ncxe4 Nxe4 |name8=Bishop's opening,<br>Berlin defence |line9=2. Nc3 Nf6 3. g3 d5 4. exd5 Nxd5 5. Bg2 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bd6 7. Nf3 O-O 8. O-O Nc6 |name9=Vienna game,<br>Mieses variation |line10=2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 g5 4. h4 g4 5. Ne5 Nf6 6. Bc4 d5 7. exd5 Bd6 8. d4 Nh5 |name10=King's gambit accepted,<br>Kieseritzky gambit |line11=2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Nf6 5. Nc3 Bb4 6. Bd2 O-O 7. O-O-O Re8 8. Qg3 Rxe4 |name11=Centre game,<br>Berger variation |line12=2. ... ... 3. c3 dxc3 4. Bc4 cxb2 5. Bxb2 d5 6. Bxd5 Nf6 7. Bxf7+ Kxf7 8. Qxd8 Bb4+ |name12=Danish gambit accepted,<br>Schlechter defence |line13=2. d3 Nc6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Be2 d5 5. Nbd2 Bc5 6. O-O O-O 7. c3 a5 8. b3 Re8 |name13=Leonardis opening <br><small>(transposing to Tayler opening)</small> |line14=2. Qh5 Nc6 3. Bc4 g6 4. Qf3 Nf6 5. Ne2 Bg7 6. d3 d6 7. h3 O-O 8. Nbc3 |name14=Parham attack |line15=2. Qf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ne2 d6 |name15=Napoleon attack |line16=2. Bb5?! c6 3. Ba4 Nf6 4. Qe2 Bc5 |name16=Portuguese opening |line17=2. c3!? d5 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nxe5 Bd6 |name17=MacLeod attack |line18=2. c4!? Nf6 3. Nc3 Bc5 4. g3 d6 |name18=English, the whale<br><small>(by transposition)</small> |line19=2. Ne2!? Nf6 3. Nbc3 Nc6 4. g3 Bc5 |name19=Alapin opening |line20=2. a3!? |name20=Mengarini's opening |line21=2. Bd3!? |name21=Tortoise |line22=2. Ke2?? |name22=Bongcloud attack }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{Wikipedia|Open Game}} {{reflist}} '''Bibliography''' {{BCO2}} {{MCO14}} {{NCO}} * [[wikipedia:Vasily_Panov|Panov, Vasily]] (1973). ''Teoría de Aperturas, Tomo I: Aperturas Abiertas - Aperturas Semiabiertas''. {{ISBN|84-270-0132-0}}. * [[wikipedia:Eric_Schiller|Schiller, Eric]] (2002). ''Standard Chess Openings''. {{ISBN|1-58042-048-6}}. ==External links== * 365Chess: [https://www.365chess.com/opening.php?m=3&n=5&ms=e4.e5 1. e4 e5] [[fi:Shakkiaapinen/Peli/1. e4/1...e5]] {{ChessMid}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} rri6jfa9590vcgkhbmuvb5jjhf50f7q 0 38303 4673426 3264546 2026-10-01T12:36:32Z Jcb 90773 4673426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Radiation Oncology/NHL:TOC}} ==Classification== *Historically [[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Overview/Classification|several systems]], both in USA and Europe *WHO classification is used today ===WHO classification=== *'''B-cell neoplasms''' **'''Precursor B-cell neoplasms''' ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Lymphoblastic|Precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma]] (precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) **'''Mature (peripheral) B-cell neoplasms''' ***B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma ***B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia ***Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma ***Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma ***Hairy cell leukemia ***[[Radiation_Oncology/Multiple_myeloma|Plasma cell myeloma/plasmacytoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/MALT|Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Nodal_marginal_zone|Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Follicular|Follicular lymphoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Mantle_cell_lymphoma|Mantle cell lymphoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/DLBCL|Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Burkitt_lymphoma|Burkitt lymphoma]] / Burkitt cell leukemia *'''T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms''' **'''Precursor T-cell neoplasm''' ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Lymphoblastic|Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia]] (precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) **'''Mature (peripheral) T/NK-cell neoplasms''' ***T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia ***T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia ***Aggressive NK-cell leukemia ***Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (HTLV1+) ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/NK_T_cell_lymphoma|Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type]] ***Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma ***Hepatosplenic gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma ***Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma ***[[Radiation_Oncology/Mycosis_fungoides|Mycosis fungoides / Sezary syndrome]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Anaplastic_large_cell|Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, T/null cell, primary cutaneous type]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Anaplastic_large_cell|Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, T/null cell, primary systemic type]] ***Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise characterized ***Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma ===WHO by aggressiveness=== {| class="wikitable" ! Grade !! Histologies |- |Indolent || '''B-cell:''' Follicular (Grade I/II), SLL/CLL, lymphoplasmatic lymphoma, plasma cell/myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, marginal zone B-cell, mantle cell, '''T-cell:''' T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia, mycosis fungoides, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, NK cell |- |Aggressive || '''B-cell:''' Follicular (Grade III), DLBCL, mantle cell, '''T-cell:''' peripheral T-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma |- |Highly aggressive || '''B-cell:''' Burkitt's lymphoma, precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, '''T-cell:''' adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma |} ==Translocations== *Lymphoma cells generally do not exhibit significant microsatellite instability (unlike many solid tumors) *Chromosomal translocations are a hallmark of lymphomatous disorders **t(8;14) - Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc) **t(11;14) - mantle cell lymphoma (bcl-1) **t(11;18) - MALT lymphoma **t(14;18) - follicular lymphoma (bcl-2) ''mnemonic:'' The common ones (on exams anyway) have 14 in common. The 11 sits on top of 14 (they're in sequence) like something sitting on a ''mantle''. The 8 in Burkitt's resembles the bilaterally swollen neck lymph nodes like you typically see in a picture of a child with Burkitt's. The 8 (18) of follicular resembles two little follicles stuck together to form the 8. The oddball one is MALT which doesn't have the 14. ==Epidemiology== *USA - 59,000 cases/yr (in 2006) *'''ILSG, 1997''' {{PMID|9166827}} -- "A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project." ([No authors listed], Blood. 1997 Jun 1;89(11):3909-18.) **Multinational. 1403 cases at 9 sites around the world classified by 5 pathologists {| class="wikitable" |- ! Adult Type !! Proportion |- | Diffuse large B-cell || align="center"| 31% |- | Follicular || align="center"| 22% |- | Marginal zone B-cell (MALT) || align="center"| 8% |- | Peripheral T-cell || align="center"| 7% |- | CLL || align="center"| 7% |- | Mantle cell || align="center"| 6% |- | Mediastinal large B-cell || align="center"| 2% |- | Anaplastic large T-cell || align="center"| 2% |- | Burkitt-like B-cell || align="center"| 2% |- | Marginal zone B-cell (nodal) || align="center"| 2% |- | Precursor T-lymphoblastic || align="center"| 2% |- | Lymphoplasmacytoid || align="center"| 1% |- | Marginal zone B-cell (splenic) || align="center"| <1% |- | Mycosis fungoides || align="center"| <1% |- | Burkitt's || align="center"| <1% |- | All others || align="center"| <1% |} *Pediatric (based on ''Cancer'', DeVita, 7th edition, 2005) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Pediatric Type !! Proportion |- | Burkitt's lymphoma || align="center"| 40-50% |- | Precursor T-lymphoblastic || align="center"| 25% |- | Diffuse large B-cell || align="center"| 15% |- | Anaplastic large cell || align="center"| 10% |- | Precursor B-lymphoblastic || align="center"| 5% |} ==Staging== *Uses the [[Radiation_Oncology/Hodgkin/Overview#Staging|Ann Arbor classification]], which was developed for Hodgkin's lymphoma. *Since disease spread in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma differs from that in Hodgkin's lymphoma, in which spread occurs to adjacent nodal groups in a stepwise fashion, the Ann Arbor classification which relies on nodal staging is not as predictive for NHL. ==International Prognostic Index== Risk factors: *LDH greater than normal *Age > 60 *Performance status ECOG 2 or worse *Extranodal sites of disease (more than 1) *Stage III or IV *:''Mnemonic: LAKES (LDH,age,Karnofsky,Extranodal,Stage)'' Risk groups: *Low - 0 or 1 risk factors *Low intermediate - 2 *High intermediate - 3 *High - 4 or 5 Prognosis: *Low risk: 87% CR and 73% OS at 5 years *High risk: 44% CR and 26% OS Based on pts with aggressive lymphomas treated with doxorubicin-based combination chemotherapy. It is also useful in indolent lymphomas and T-cell lymphomas. These factors independently predict complete response to therapy, relapse-free survival, and overall survival. :From {{PMID|8141877}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/329/14/987 Full text] &mdash; "A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project." N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):987-94. ===Modifications=== '''Age-Adjusted International Prognostic Index:''' Developed for pts younger than 60. Uses tumor stage, performance status, and LDH (but not extranodal sites or age). Assigned score of 0 to 3 based on number of risk factors and assigned same labels (low, low int, high int, or high). Reference: {{PMID|8141877}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/329/14/987 Full text] - "A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project." N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):987-94. *1982-1987. 3273 pts. Allowed diffuse mixed, diffuse large-cell, or large-cell immunoblastic histologies from the Working Formulation (overlaps with intermediate and high grade but doesn't include all subtypes). Also allowed Kiel and Rappaport. Pts were treated on Phase II-III study. All received combination chemo consisting of doxorubicin. Evaluated potential prognostic factors: sex, age, tumor stage, performance status, B symptoms, sites of involvement, number of extranodal sites, size of tumor, LDH, albumin, and beta-2-microglobulin. Complete information obtained in 1872 pts. '''Miller's Stage-Modified IPI:''' *(LDH, Age > 60, Performance Status, Stage II). Doesn't include extranodal. *Used for Stage I-II pts. *Low 0-1, Intermediate 2, High 3-4 *5-yr PFS: Low 77%, Int 60%, High 34% *5-yr OS: Low 82%, Int 71%, High 48% *{{PMID|9647875}} (1998) '''NCCN IPI:''' *Rituximab era *{{PMID|24264230}} (2014) -- "An enhanced International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated in the rituximab era." (Zhou Z,Blood. 2014 Feb 6;123(6):837-42.) ==Survival== Estimates from AJCC staging manual, 6th edition: *Follicular lymphoma: 2-year OS 85%, 5-year 70%. FFS (failure free survival) 2-year 65%, 5-year 45%. *Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: 2-year OS 60%, 5-year 50%. FFS 2-year 50%, 5-year 45%. *Mantle cell lymphoma: 2-year OS 60%, 5-year 25%. FFS 2-year 30%, 5-year 10%. *Small lymphocytic lymphoma: 2-year OS 70%, 5-year 50%. FFS 2-year 50%, 5-year 30%. ==Response Assessment== *'''Lugano Classification''' **'''2014''' {{PMID|25113753}} -- "Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification." (Cheson DB, J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3059-68.) *'''International Harmonization Project on Lymphoma''' **'''2007''' {{PMID|17242396}} -- "Revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma." (Cheson BD, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb 10;25(5):579-86.) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Response !! Definition !! Nodal Masses !! Spleen/Liver !! Bone Marrow |- | CR | Disappearance of all disease | 1) If FDG avid prior, FDG cold but can be any size on CT post 2) If FDG variable/cold prior, FDG cold and normal size on CT post | 1) Not palpable 2) No nodules on CT | Repeat BMBx negative |- | PR | Regression of measurable disease and no new sites | >= 50% in SPD in up to 6 largest masses | >=50% in SPD of nodules | If positive prior, irrelevant |- | SD | Not CR/PR or PD | No new sites | N/A | N/A |- | PD | 1) Any new lesion 2) Increase >=50% in SPD | 1) New lesion >1.5cm 2) >=50% increase in SPD | >50% increase in SPD | New/recurrent involvement |} :SPD = sum of the product of the diameters **'''2007''' {{PMID|17242397}} -- "Use of positron emission tomography for response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the Imaging Subcommittee of International Harmonization Project in Lymphoma." (Juweid ME, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb 10;25(5):571-8.) ***PET after Chemotherapy/chemoimmunotherapy: at least 3 weeks, preferably 6-8 weeks ***PET after Radiotherapy/Chemoradiotherapy: 8-12 weeks ==External links== *[http://pleiad.umdnj.edu/hemepath/default.html Heme-Path at UMDNJ] - fairly basic overview of different types of lymphomas. Great histology slides. ==Molecular diagnosis== :''See also:'' [[Radiation Oncology/List_of_Chromosomes_and_their_related_cancer_genes#Chromosomal translocations involved in oncology|List of chromosomal translocations]] *Burkitt lymphoma - t(8;14) / c-myc translocation, Ki-67 > 90%, CD10+ and/or BCL-6+, CD19+ or CD20+ *:Usually BCL-2 and t(14;18) negative. *Follicular lymphoma - t(14;18), most common translocation in lmphoma / bcl-2 translocation. Is CD10+ *:Mnemonic: "F is for follicular and fourteen" *Mantle cell lymphoma - t(11;14), bcl-1, CD15-, cyclin D1 *MALT lymphoma - t(11;18) *Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - bcl-6 (is favorable) *Anaplastic lymphoma - CD30+, Ki-1 ==Radiation technique== :''See also:'' [[Radiation_Oncology/Hodgkin#Radiation_fields]] '''''Involved field''''' *'''CALGB guidelines''' (done for Hodgkin's disease) - {{PMID|12078908}} [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/suppl_1/79 Full text] (2002) &mdash; "The involved field is back: issues in delineating the radiation field in Hodgkin's disease." Yahalom J et al. Ann Oncol. 2002;13 Suppl 1:79-83. *:Boundaries of the involved fields. '''''Whole-Abdomen''''' *'''Washington University, 1994''' (1978-1990) {{PMID|8029434}} -- "Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: whole-abdomen irradiation as an adjuvant to chemotherapy." (Valicenti RK, Radiology. 1994 Aug;192(2):571-6.) **Retrospective. 39 patients with abdominal NHL treated with modified whole-abdomen RT. 34 adjunct to chemo, 5 primary **Toxicity: treatment terminated in 4 patients, interrupted in 19. Four Grade 3-4 late toxicities **Conclusion: Whole-abdomen RT is safe adjunct in high risk for intraabdominal failure ==Reviews== *'''1985:''' {{PMID|2579725}} [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-0142%2819850501%2955:9+%3C2176::AID-CNCR2820551421%3E3.0.CO;2-L/abstract Full text] -- "The role of radiation therapy in the management of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas." (Hoppe RT, Cancer. 1985 May 1;55(9 Suppl):2176-83.) fog2u2iyzxtqh74lfx2hg6moly0l163 0 39889 4673436 4585620 2026-10-01T12:58:27Z Jcb 90773 4673436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Radiation Oncology/Lung/NSCLC:TOC}} <big>'''Early Stage Inoperable NSCLC'''</big> ==Upstaging== *Patients treated with RT are clinically staged *Approximately 25% of patients with clinical Stage I are pathologically higher Stage *Evaluation of PET for mediastinal LN staging is ongoing *'''CALGB 9761''' {{PMID|15829324}} -- "Poor correspondence between clinical and pathologic staging in stage I non-small cell lung cancer: results from CALGB 9761, a prospective trial." (D'Cunha J, Lung Cancer. 2005 May;48(2):241-6. Epub 2005 Jan 4.) **Prospective. 502 patients with suspected or biopsy-proven NSCLC, clinical Stage I (T1-2N0) by CT or mediastinoscopy **Outcome: In biopsy proven NSCLC, pathologic Stage I 72%, pII 14%, pIII 13%, pIV 1% **Conclusion: Poor predictive value of current clinical staging techniques ==No treatment== *Stage I-II patients, who were not treated with surgery, RT or chemotherapy have median OS ~1 year and 5-year OS ~10% *Their 5-year lung cancer disease specific survival is ~25% for Stage IA and ~10% for Stage IB, suggesting that vast majority die of their cancer, even though they typically have severe comorbidities that preclude surgery (median 5-year OS for patients with severe COPD is ~40%) *Even patients who are surgical candidates, but refuse surgery, have poor outcomes. Their median OS ~1.2 years, and 5-year cancer specific survival is ~20% *'''California Cancer Registry; 2007''' (1989-2003) {{PMID|17505036}} -- "Natural history of stage I non-small cell lung cancer: implications for early detection." (Raz DJ, Chest. 2007 Jul;132(1):193-9. Epub 2007 May 15.) **Registry study. 19,702 patients with Stage I NSCLC, 1432 did not undergo surgery, chemotherapy or RT (Stage IA 40%, Stage IB 60%). Surgery refused in 32% **Outcome: Median OS 9 months, Stage IA 13 months, Stage IB 8 months. 5-year OS 7%, Stage IA 9%, Stage IB 5%. Median lung CSS Stage IA 2.1 years, Stage IB 10 months. 5-year lung CSS Stage IA 23%, Stage IB 12%. **"Refused" subgroup analysis: median OS 1.2 years, 5-year OS 6%; median CSS 1.7 years, 5-year CSS 22%. **Conclusion: Long-term survival with untreated Stage I NSCLC is uncommon, and vast majority die of lung cancer. Therapy shouldn't be delayed even in patients with small lung cancers *'''SEER data; 2005''' (1988-2001) {{PMID|16162744}} -- "Radiation therapy for the treatment of unresected stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer." (Wisnivesky JP, Chest. 2005 Sep;128(3):1461-7.) **Population analysis. 4,357 patients with Stage I-II, who did not undergo surgery. Stage I 88%, Stage II 12%. RT delivered in 63%, no RT in 27% (chemotherapy not tracked). **Outcome: 75% died from cancer. On multivariate analysis, RT significantly associated with improved lung cancer survival ***Stage I: median OS RT 1.7 years vs. no RT 1.2; 5-year OS 15% vs. 14% (NS) ***Stage II: median OS RT 1.2 years vs. no RT 9 months; 5-year OS 11% vs. 10% (NS) **Conclusion: RT is associated with improved survival in unresected Stage I-II NSCLC, benefit 5-7 months. RT not curative, since 5-year OS same *'''Japan National Chest Hospital Study Group; 2002''' (1982-1991) {{PMID|11891035}} -- "Prognosis of non-surgically treated, clinical stage I lung cancer patients in Japan." (Motohiro A, Lung Cancer. 2002 Apr;36(1):65-9.) **Retrospective. 799 patients with clinical Stage I lung cancer, not treated with surgery (reason not stated). **Outcome: 5-year OS 17%, 10-year OS 7% **Conclusion: There are long-term survivors in non-surgically treated stage I, but the rate is low *'''Indiana; 2002''' (1994-1999) {{PMID|11948046}} -- "Observation-only management of early stage, medically inoperable lung cancer: poor outcome." (McGarry RC, Chest. 2002 Apr;121(4):1155-8.) **Retrospective. 128 patients with Stage I and II NSCLC. Surgery 34%, (mostly palliative) RT 28%, no cancer treatment 38%. RT delivered via 20 different fractionation schemes, ranging from 20/10 to 70.5/39, some BID. **Outcome: Median OS surgery 3.8 years vs. RT 1.7 years vs. no treatment 1.2 years. By retrospective RT intent: curative 1.7 years vs. palliative 1.3 years (small numbers, NS). Cancer as cause of death: RT group 43%, no treatment 53%, surgery not specified. **Conclusion: Untreated lung cancer has a poor outcome *'''Split; 1994''' (Croatia)(1980-1987) {{PMID|7988203}} &mdash; "Survival analysis of untreated patients with non-small-cell lung cancer." (Vrdoljak E, Chest. 1994 Dec;106(6):1797-800.) **Retrospective. 130 patients not treated with anti-cancer therapy **Outcome: Median OS T2N0 17 months, T2N1 11 months, T2N2 10 months, other groups <8 months. Overall median OS 9 months. No patient (including T2N0) survived >3 years **Subgroup analysis: Stage I (T2N0) better survival, all other stages comparable (worse) survival **Conclusion: Lymph node involvement crucial factor in determining length of survival '''''COPD Outcome Comparison''''' *'''Colorado; 1980''' (1966-1968) {{PMID|7357926}} -- "Ten year follow-up of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for severe COPD." (Sahn SA, Chest. 1980 Feb;77(2 Suppl):311-4.) **Retrospective. 182 patients, severe COPD (clinical dx of emphysema/chronic bronchitis, FEV1 <50% predicted, symptoms interfering with ADLs), accepted into Colorado Rehabilitation Program. Mean age 61 years. Mean FEV1 0.9 L, mean FVC 2.8 L **Outcome: 5-year OS 41%, 10-year OS 17%; compared with life tables for white men same age 5-year OS 86%, 10-year OS 69% (SS) ==Conventional (2D/3D) RT== ===Overview=== *Outcomes are better than no treatment, but quite poor **Median OS: ~1.5 years **5-year OS: ~20% (range 15-30%) **Based on SEER data analysis, RT offers 5-7 month median survival benefit. Given that there is no difference in 5-year OS with or without RT, conventional RT does not result in cure but only delays progression *These outcomes are considerably worse than surgery (Stage I 60-80%, Stage II 40-50%), but the patients have significantly worse medical comorbidities *3D conformal RT improved outcomes, despite comparable dose, in a retrospective study from MD Anderson *Traditionally curative doses using 2D/3D planning were 60-66 Gy (without heterogeneity correction) *3D-CRT with dose >80 Gy (MSKCC data) suggests median OS ~3.5 years and 5-year OS ~35% ===Historical Outcomes=== *'''MD Anderson; 2006''' (1978-2003) {{PMID|16904517}} -- "Comparison of outcomes for patients with medically inoperable Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer treated with two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional radiotherapy." (Fang LC, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Sep 1;66(1):108-16.) **Retrospective. 200 patients with Stage I NSCLC, treated with RT alone. 2D planning (n=115), or 3D planning (n=85). Median RT dose 64 Gy vs. 66 Gy (NS). Age 69 vs 73 (SS). Median F/U 1.7 years vs. 1.6 years (NS). **Outcome: 5-year OS 2D 10% vs. 3D 36% (SS); 5-year DSS 29% vs. 68% (SS). 5-year LC 34% vs. 70% (SS). **Negative predictors: male, age >=70, weight loss >=5%, tumor >=4 cm **Conclusion: 3D conformal RT improves outcomes compared with 2D treatment *'''SEER data; 2005''' (1988-2001) {{PMID|16162744}} -- "Radiation therapy for the treatment of unresected stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer." (Wisnivesky JP, Chest. 2005 Sep;128(3):1461-7.) **Population analysis. 4,357 patients with Stage I-II, who did not undergo surgery. Stage I 88%, Stage II 12%. RT delivered in 63%, no RT in 27% (chemotherapy not tracked). **Outcome: 75% died from cancer. On multivariate analysis, RT significantly associated with improved lung cancer survival ***Stage I: median OS RT 1.7 years vs. no RT 1.2; 5-year OS 15% vs. 14% (NS) ***Stage II: median OS RT 1.2 years vs. no RT 9 months; 5-year OS 11% vs. 10% (NS) **Conclusion: RT is associated with improved survival in unresected Stage I-II NSCLC, benefit 5-7 months. RT not curative, since 5-year OS same *'''Karolinska; 2003''' {{PMID|12826306}} -- "The role of radiotherapy in treatment of stage I non-small cell lung cancer." (Qiao X, Lung Cancer. 2003 Jul;41(1):1-11.) **Literature review. 18 studies published 1988-2000. **Outcome: LR most common reason for failure (median 40%, range 6-70%). Regional recurrence low (0-3%). 5-year OS 21%; DSS 25% **Conclusion: Dose escalation should be the focus to improve local control and survival *'''Munich; 2003''' {{PMID|14508859}} -- "Radiation therapy alone in early stage non-small cell lung cancer." (Zimmermann FB, Semin Surg Oncol. 2003;21(2):91-7.) **Literature review. Median OS up to 2.5 years and 5-year OS up to 42%. Dose >=65 Gy with standard fractionation necessary for long-term control. Elective nodal irradiation controversial **Conclusion: RT effective treatment modality in medically inoperable patients with early stage NSCLC *'''Tubingen; 2002''' {{PMID|12182981}} -- "Radiotherapy alone in technically operable, medically inoperable, early-stage (I/II) non-small-cell lung cancer." (Jeremic B, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002 Sep 1;54(1):119-130.) **Literature review. 26 studies published 1963-2000. **Outcome: Median OS >30 months, 5-year OS 30% achieved. Dose >65 Gy necessary. Local failure predominant (average 31%); elective nodal RT controversial (initial nodal failure 2%), average distant failure 17% **Conclusion: High-dose curative RT (dose 65-70 Gy) effective treatment modality in medically inoperable NSCLC. *'''Indiana; 2002''' (1994-1999) {{PMID|11948046}} -- "Observation-only management of early stage, medically inoperable lung cancer: poor outcome." (McGarry RC, Chest. 2002 Apr;121(4):1155-8.) **Retrospective. 128 patients with Stage I and II NSCLC. Surgery 34%, (mostly palliative) RT 28%, no cancer treatment 38%. RT delivered via 20 different fractionation schemes, ranging from 20/10 to 70.5/39, some BID. **Outcome: Median OS surgery 3.8 years vs. RT 1.7 years vs. no treatment 1.2 years. By retrospective RT intent: curative 1.7 years vs. palliative 1.3 years (small numbers, NS). Cancer as cause of death: RT group 43%, no treatment 53%, surgery not specified. **Conclusion: Untreated lung cancer has a poor outcome ===Dose escalation=== *'''Memorial Sloan Kettering''' **'''2007''' {{PMID|17762758}} -- "High-dose radiotherapy for the treatment of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer." (Sura S, Cancer J. 2007 Jul-Aug;13(4):238-42.) ***Retrospective. 82 patients, inoperable NSCLC Stage I-IIIB (I-II n=55; III n=27). Dose >= 80 Gy using 3D-CRT with sequential chemotherapy ***5-year Outcome: ****Stage I/II LC 67%, OS 36%, median OS 3.4 years ****Stage III LC 39%, OS 31%, median OS 2.7 years ***Conclusion: OS and LC comparable with other dose-escalation studies **'''Phase I, 2005''' (1991-2003) {{PMID|15830346}} -- "Results of a phase I dose-escalation study using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of inoperable nonsmall cell lung carcinoma." (Rosenzweig KE, Cancer. 2005 May 15;103(10):2118-27.) ***Phase I. 104 patients, inoperable. Stage I-II 28%, Stage IIIA 33%, Stage IIIB 32%, Recurrent 6%. 3D-CRT (inhomogeneity corrected) 70.2/39, 75.6/42, 81.0/45, 84.0/42, 90.0/45 Gy. NTCP planning used. ***Maximum tolerated dose: 84.0 Gy in 2 Gy/fx. Overall survival significantly increased if >= 80 Gy ***Toxicity: Unacceptable pulmonary toxicity at 90.0 Gy; 84 Gy level: 5% Grade 3-4; 90 Gy level: 29% Grade 3-4, 14% Grade 5 ***Conclusion: MTD of 3D-CRT with NTCP constraint of 25% was 84.0 Gy, with suggestion of improved survival *'''[[Radiation Oncology/RTOG Trials/0117|RTOG 0117]]''' (closed) -- dose escalation with concurrent chemotherapy **Phase I/II. Stage I-IIIB NSCLC. RT + concurrent paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 + carboplatin AUC 2. Arm I 75.25/35 (8 patients) -> dose limiting toxicity (acute Grade 5 pneumonitis, acute Grade 3 pneumonitis; also late Grade 3 pneumonitis and Grade 4 pain) -> de-escalated to 74/37 (Arm II; 9 pts) + concurrent carbo/taxol. Phase II accrued at 74/37 dose level. **Rx at ICRU pt; PTV must be covered by 93% isodose. Calculations without heterogeneity corrections. **'''2005''' [http://meeting.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/abstract/23/16_suppl/7063 ASCO Abstract] ***Conclusion: MTD 74/37 using 3D-CRT + concurrent paclitaxel/carboplatin. Phase II component not yet reported. **'''2010''' {{PMID|20368547}} -- "Primary Analysis of the Phase II Component of a Phase I/II Dose Intensification Study Using Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy and Concurrent Chemotherapy for Patients With Inoperable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: RTOG 0117." (Bradley JD, J Clin Oncol. 2010 May 10;28(14):2475-80.) ***Total of 55 pts (53 evaluable) treated to 74/37 dose level in Phase I (9) and Phase II (46) portions of study. Median f/u 19.3 months. Median survival 25.9 months. 1 yr OS 75%. For Stage III pts (n=44), MS 21.6 months and PFS 10.8 months, 1 yr OS 72%. ***Conclusion: encouraging results for 74 Gy dose + chemo. **'''2010''' {{PMID|20457350}} -- "A phase I/II radiation dose escalation study with concurrent chemotherapy for patients with inoperable stages I to III non-small-cell lung cancer: phase I results of RTOG 0117." (Bradley JD, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Jun 1;77(2):367-72.) ***Conclusion: MTD 74 Gy in 37 fractions using concurrent carbo/taxol. *'''RTOG 93-11''' (1995-2001) -- dose escalation **Phase I/II dose escalation. 176 patients. Stage I-III NSCLC, SCV LN+ excluded ( Prior chemotherapy allowed, concurrent chemotherapy not allowed. 3D treatement planning . GTV = primary tumor and enlarged LN. No elective nodal irradiation. PTV = GTV + 1 cm minimum; verified on fluoroscopy because of breathing motion. Dose prescribed to ICRU reference point within GTV, 93% isodose line to cover PTV, maximum PTV dose <=107%, no heterogeneity correction. Patients grouped based on V20 value using 2.15 Gy/fx: ***Group 1 (V20 <25%): 70.9/33 -> 77.4/36 -> 83.8/39 -> 90.3/42 (Stage I 53%, Stage III 38%) ***Group 2 (V20 25-36%): 70.9/33 -> 77.4/36 -> 83.8/39 (Stage I 21%, Stage III 75%) (''accrual stopped after 77.4 Gy due to opening of RTOG 0117'') ***Group 3 (V20 >36%): 64.5/30 -> 70.9/33 -> 77.4/36 (''accrual stopped after 2 patients'') **'''2005''' {{PMID|15667949}} &mdash; "Toxicity and outcome results of RTOG 9311: a phase I-II dose-escalation study using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung carcinoma." (Bradley J, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Feb 1;61(2):318-28.) Minimum median F/U 13.4 months ***Acute toxicity: minimal. Group 1 had 9% Grade 3 pneumonitis at 90.3 Gy; Group 2 had 8% Grade 3 pneumonitis at 77.4 Gy. '''Acute dose-limiting toxicity not reached''' ***Late toxicity. Predictors for pulmonary toxicity: mean lung dose, V20 ****'''Group 1''' had 13% Grade 3-5 lung and 6% Grade 3-5 esophageal toxicity (1 death of hemoptysis, 1 death of tracheoesophageal fistula) at 90.3 Gy; tolerable otherwise. '''Late dose-limiting toxicity at 90.3 Gy level.''' ****'''Group 2''' had 16% Grade 3-4 lung toxicity, and 4% esophagus toxicity. '''Late dose-limiting toxicity not reached.''' ***Outcome: 2-year LR 50-78% (but small individual group sizes); LR sole site 18%, component 38%. Elective nodal failure <10% ***Conclusion: For Group 1 (V20 <25%), 83.8 Gy safe; for Group 2 (V20 25-36%), 77.4 Gy safe using 2.15 Gy/fx ===Hypofractionation=== *'''CALGB 39904; 2009''' (2000-2005) {{PMID|19933904}} -- "Phase I Study of Accelerated Conformal Radiotherapy for Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Patients With Pulmonary Dysfunction: CALGB 39904." (Bogart JA, J Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print]) **Phase I. 39 patients, medically inoperable Stage I (<4 cm). Eligibility: FEV1 <40%, DLCO <50%, PCO >45 mmHg, VO2max <15 mL, or O2 dependent (28%). 3D-CRT, nominal dose 70 Gy, accelerated stepwise: 70/29 (@2.41) -> 70/26 (@2.69) -> 70/23 (@3.04) -> 70/20 (@3.5) -> 70/17 (@4.11). Median age 75, 28% on supplemental O2. Median F/U 4.4 years **Outcome: MTD not defined. LC 92%, distant failure rate 26%, median OS 3.2 years. **Toxicity: No Grade 3+ late toxicity **Conclusion: Accelerated 3D-CRT well tolerated, with less apparent severe toxicity compared with SBRT *'''Amsterdam; 1996''' (The Netherlands)(1988-1993) {{PMID|8961366}} -- "Limited field irradiation in early stage (T1-2N0) non-small cell lung cancer." (Slotman BJ, Radiother Oncol. 1996 Oct;41(1):41-4.) **Retrospective. 31 patients with operable T1-2N0 NSCLC. RT 48/12 to 'postage stamp' field, no mediastinum/hilum **Outcome: 3-year OS 42%; DSS 76%. LF 6% **Conclusion: Limited 'postage stamp' irradiation effective alternative to surgery ==Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)== *SBRT is an area under active research. Dose schedules have not yet been established *Japanese data suggests that BED10 >100 Gy results in superior local control and overall survival, although recent data suggests that the optimal dose may be dependent on the histologic classification of the treated tumor (sqaume v. adeno) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28017592] *Indiana University dose escalation didn't reach MTD at 60/3 (BED10 = 180 Gy) for Stage IA tumors, and reached MTD at 72/3 (BED10 = 245 Gy); however, some toxicity was experienced at lower doses with central tumors. It is not clear what is the appropriate ablative dose *Several studies have now reported 5-year OS, ranging from 30% to 83% *[https://www.astro.org/uploadedFiles/Main_Site/Clinical_Practice/Best_Practices/LungSBRT.pdf ASTRO Emerging Technology Committee Report (2010)] ===Ongoing Trials=== *''Operable'' **'''Dutch ROSEL''' - [http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00687986 Trial Info] [http://www.ro-journal.com/content/4/1/1 Overview] - Phase III. Operable Stage T1N0. Surgery vs SBRT 60/3 or 60/5. Terminated secondary to slow accrual. **'''Cyberknife STARS''' - [http://www.cancer.gov/search/ViewClinicalTrials.aspx?cdrid=635570&version=HealthProfessional&protocolsearchid=7202833 Trial Info] - Phase III. Operable Stage I <4 cm. Surgery vs SBRT 60/3 or 60/4. Terminated secondary to slow accrual. **'''RTOG 0618''' - [http://www.rtog.org/ClinicalTrials/ProtocolTable/StudyDetails.aspx?action=openFile&FileID=4650 Protocol] - Phase II. Operable Stage I. Dose 60/3 **'''JCOG 0403''' - [http://atc.wustl.edu/protocols/jcog/0403/0403.html Protocol] - Phase II. Operable Stage T1N0 *''Inoperable'' **'''TROG 09.02''' - [http://www.cancer.gov/search/ViewClinicalTrials.aspx?cdrid=660011&version=HealthProfessional&protocolsearchid=7202833 Trial Info] - Phase III. 3D-CRT 60/30-66/33 vs SBRT 54/3 **'''RTOG 0915''' - [http://www.rtog.org/ClinicalTrials/ProtocolTable/StudyDetails.aspx?action=openFile&FileID=4673 Protocol] - Phase II. Inoperable. Dose 34/1 vs 48/4 **'''Scandinavian SPACE''' - [http://www.nlcg.no/uploads/space_060717.doc Protocol] - Phase II randomized. 3D-CRT 70/35 vs. SBRT 45/3 **'''RTOG 0813''' - [http://www.rtog.org/ClinicalTrials/ProtocolTable/StudyDetails.aspx?action=openFile&FileID=9067 Protocol] - Phase II. Inoperable. Dose escalation 50/5 -> 60/5 ===Published Evidence=== *'''Pooled analysis of STARS (MD Anderson CC) and ROSEL (Dutch) trials; 2015''' (2008-2013)) {{PMID|25981812}} -- "Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus lobectomy for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomised trials" (Chang J et al., Lancet Oncology. 2015 Jun;16(6):630-7) **Pooled analysis of 2 Phase III studies that both did not meet accrural goals. 58 patients, operable T1-T2a N0 M0 NSCLC, <4 cm diameter, 1:1 randomization SBRT vs surgery. STARS: SBRT 54/3 Gy peripheral, 50/4 Gy central lesions over 5 days; ROSEL: SBRT 54/3 Gy peripheral (5 -8 days), 60/5 Gy central lesions (10-14 days); . Median F/U 3.4 years **Outcome: 3-year OAS 95% (SBRT) vs 79% (Surgery) (p<0.05) **Toxicity: SBRT: Grade 3 in 10%, no grade 4/5; Surgery: grade 3/4 44%; 1pt Grade 5 **Conclusion: SBRT is better tolerated than surgery, SBRT might lead to better OAS; SBRT could be an option for operable Stage I NSCLC. *'''RTOG 0236; 2010''' (2004-2006) {{PMID|20233825}} -- "Stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable early stage lung cancer." (Timmerman R, JAMA. 2010 Mar 17;303(11):1070-6.) **Phase II. 55 patients, peripheral T1-T2N0 NSCLC, <5 cm diameter, not surgical candidate. SBRT 54/3 over 1.5-2 weeks. Median F/U 2.9 years **Outcome: 3-year tumor control 98% (1 primary tumor failure); 3-year local (tumor+lobe) control 91%; 3-year loco-regional control 87%; 3-year DM 22%. Median OS 48 months **Toxicity: Grade 3 in 13%, Grade 4 in 4%, no Grade 5 **Conclusion: Patients with inoperable NSCLC have high rates of local tumor control and moderate treatment-related morbidity *'''Indiana University''' **'''Phase II; 2009''' {{PMID|19251380}} -- "Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage non-small-cell lung carcinoma: four-year results of a prospective phase II study." (Fakiris AJ, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Nov 1;75(3):677-82. Epub 2009 Feb 27.) ***Phase II. 70 medically inoperable patients, cT1 (n=34) or cT2 (n=36), diameter <= 7 cm, biopsy proven NSCLC. Dose 60-66 Gy to 80% isodose in 3 fractions. Median F/U 4.2 years ***Outcome: 3-year LC 88%, nodal failure 9%, DM 13%. 3-year OS 43%, CSS 82%. No difference in outcome between T1 and T2, by tumor volume, or by peripheral vs central location ***Toxicity: Grade 3+ toxicity in peripheral 10% vs. central 27% (p=0.09) ***Conclusion: SBRT results in high local control in medically inoperable Stage I patients **'''Phase I/II; 2007''' {{PMID|17353064}} -- "FDG-PET and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer." (Hoopes DJ, Lung Cancer. 2007 May;56(2):229-34. Epub 2007 Mar 13.) ***Phase I and II trials. 58 patients, Stage I NSCLC, inoperable. SBRT dose 24-72 Gy in 3 fractions. Pre-SBRT PET in 57. Post-SBRT PET performed in 28 patients, typically upon concern for recurrence. Min F/U 2 years, median F/U 3.5 years ***Outcome: 3-year OS 49%; 3-year LC 75%. Isolated LN failure 10%, overall LN failure 25% ***PET: Pre-SBRT PET didn't predict for OS or LC. However, 14% (4/28) had moderate SUV activity, but no evidence of disease recurrence ***Conclusion: Isolated nodal recurrence uncommon; moderate PET activity may persist 2 years after treatment, without definitive evidence of recurrence **'''Phase II.''' 70 patients. Medically inoperable. Clinical T1N0 treated with SBRT 60/3; clinical T2N0 (<=7 cm) treated with 66/3. ***'''2006''' {{PMID|17050868}} -- "Excessive toxicity when treating central tumors in a phase II study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for medically inoperable early-stage lung cancer." (Timmerman R, J Clin Oncol. 2006 Oct 20;24(30):4833-9.) Median F/U 17 months ****Outcome: 2-year LC 95%. Median OS 2.7 years, 2-year OS 55%. ****Toxicity: Grade 3-5 in 20%; peripheral tumors 17% vs. central tumors 46%. Median time-to-toxicity 10 months. 6 deaths (4 pneumonia, 1 pericardial effusion, 1 local recurrence next to carina then hemoptysis) ****Conclusion: High rate of local control, but also some late toxicity. This regimen should not be used for tumors near central airways (<2 cm) due to excessive toxicity **'''Phase I.''' (2000-2003) 47 patients, clinical Stage IA and IB (escalated separately), tumor size <=7 cm, NSCLC. Operable, but not surgical candidates. Dose escalation: 24/3 -> 30/3 -> 36/3 -> 42/3 -> 48/3 -> 54/3 -> 60/3. CTV = GTV. PTV = GTV + 0.5 cm radial and 1.0 cranio-caudal. Dose prescribed to 80% isodose. ***'''2003''' {{PMID|14605072}} -- "Extracranial stereotactic radioablation: results of a phase I study in medically inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer." (Timmerman R, Chest. 2003 Nov;124(5):1946-55.) Median F/U 15 months ****Outcome: Both IA and IB reached 60/3; MTD yet to be reached. LF 16% (all dose <=48/3) ****Toxicity: 1 Grade 3 pneumonitis, 1 Grade 3 hypoxia ****Conclusion: Very high RT dose tolerated ***'''2005''' {{PMID|16115740}} -- "Stereotactic body radiation therapy of early-stage non-small-cell lung carcinoma: Phase I study." (McGarry RC, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Nov 15;63(4):1010-5. Epub 2005 Aug 22.) ****Outcome: Stage IA - MTD not reached (max=60/3). Stage IB (and tumors >5 cm) - MTD reached at 66/3. Local failure: 4/19 T1, 6/28 T2 patients, but only 1 failure at higher doses ****Toxicity: Stage IB - At 72/3 level, 3/5 experienced Grade 3+ toxicity (pneumonitis x2, tracheal necrosis x1) ****Conclusion: SBRT safe, effective. Excellent local control at higher doses. MTD reached for larger tumors *'''Cleveland Clinic; 2009''' (2004-2006) {{PMID|19765913}} -- "Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy-Based Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Medically Inoperable Early-Stage Lung Cancer: Excellent Local Control." (Videtic GM, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print]) **Retrospective. 26 patients with 28 lesions. T1 in 79%, T2 in 21%, no tissue diagnosis in 27%. SBRT IMRT 50/5 heterogeneity corrected. PTV = ITV + 3-5 mm. Median F/U 2.6 years **Outcome: Actuarial 3-year LC 94%, 3-year OS 52% **Toxicity: Acute Grade 3 dyspnea in 1 patient (4%), late Grade 2 chest wall pain 1 patient (4%) **Conclusion: SBRT excellent local control and favorable survival *'''Scandinavian; 2009''' (2003-2005) {{PMID|19414667}} -- "Outcome in a prospective phase II trial of medically inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy." (Baumann P, J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jul 10;27(20):3290-6.) **Phase II. 57 patients with medically inoperable Stage I NSCLC (T1 70%, T2 30%) treated in Sweden, Norway, Denmark. SBRT 45/3 prescribed at 67% isodose. Median tumor diameter 2.5 cm. CTV = GTV + 1-2 mm. PTV = CTV + 5-10 mm. Median F/U 3 years **Outcome: 3-year PFS 52%; CSS 88%, OS 60%. No difference between T1 and T2. Local control 92%, regional relapse 5%, distant mets 16% **Conclusion: SBRT is state-of-the-art treatment for medically inoperable Stage I NSCLC *'''Japanese Society of Radiation Oncology''' (1995-2003) **'''2-years; 2004''' {{PMID|15378503}} -- "Stereotactic hypofractionated high-dose irradiation for stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: clinical outcomes in 245 subjects in a Japanese multiinstitutional study." (Onishi H, Cancer. 2004 Oct 1;101(7):1623-31.) ***Retrospective. 245 patients with Stage I NSCLC (T1N0 n=155, T2N0 n=90), tumor diameter < 6 cm, 65% inoperable/35% refused or chose RT. Hypofractionated SBRT (3-12 Gy dose/fx; 1-25 fractions; total dose 18-75 Gy; median BED10 108 Gy; BED10 range 57-180 Gy). Median F/U 2 years ***Outcome: LF 14%, LF if BED10 <100 26% vs. BED10 >100 8% (SS). 3-year OS 69% vs. 88% (SS) ***Toxicity: Grade 3 in 2% ***Conclusion: Hypofractionated SBRT with BED10 <150 Gy feasible and beneficial; local control and survival better with BED10 >=100 **'''3-years; 2007''' {{PMID|17603311}} -- "Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HypoFXSRT) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: updated results of 257 patients in a Japanese multi-institutional study." (Onishi H, J Thorac Oncol. 2007 Jul;2(7 Suppl 3):S94-100.) ***Retrospective. 275 patients, Stage I NSCLC (T1N0 n=164, T2N0 n=93). Hypofractionated SBRT, median BED10 = 111 Gy (57-180 Gy). Median F/U 3.2 years ***Outcome: LF 14%, LF if BED10 <100 43% vs. BED10 >100 8% (SS); 5-year OS 30% vs. 71% (SS) ***Operable: 5-year OS if BED10 <100 30% vs. BED10 >100 71% (SS) ***Toxicity: Grade 3 pulmonary 5% ***Conclusion: Hypofractionated SRT feasible for curative treatment of Stage I NSCLC; superior to conventional RT. Outcomes in operable patients are excellent *'''Kyoto; 2005''' (Japan)(1998-2004) {{PMID|16169670}} -- "Clinical outcomes of a phase I/II study of 48 Gy of stereotactic body radiotherapy in 4 fractions for primary lung cancer using a stereotactic body frame." (Nagata Y, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Dec 1;63(5):1427-31. Epub 2005 Sep 19.) **Retrospective. 45 patients with Stage I NSCLC (T1N0 n=32, T2N0 n=13). RT 48/4 over 12 days. Median F/U 2.5 years **Outcome: LC 98%; Stage IA 5-year DFS 72%, OS 83%. Stage IB 5-year DFS 71%, OS 72% **Toxicity: No Grade 3+ toxicity; 4% Grade 2 pneumonitis treated with steroids **Conclusion: Stereotactic RT useful for treatment of Stage I lung tumors *'''Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; 2006''' (1998-2003) {{PMID|16213059}} -- "Stereotactic hypofractionated radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer--mature results for medically inoperable patients." (Nyman J, Lung Cancer. 2006 Jan;51(1):97-103. Epub 2005 Oct 4.) **Retrospective. 45 Patients with Stage I (18 T1N0, 27 T2N0). RT 45/3 during 1 week (BED10 = 112 Gy). Median F/U 3.6 years **Outcome: LR 20% (9/45); 5-year OS 30% **Late toxicity: rib fracture 4%, atelectasis 7% **Conclusion: Encouraging survival and relatively low toxicity. Randomized trial underway *'''National Defense Medical College, Japan; 1998''' (1994-1997) {{PMID|9506350}} -- "Focal, high dose, and fractionated modified stereotactic radiation therapy for lung carcinoma patients: a preliminary experience." (Uematsu M, Cancer. 1998 Mar 15;82(6):1062-70.) **Retrospective. 45 patients (23 primary and 43 metastatic lung carcinomas). RT 30-75 Gy in 5-15 fractions, prescribed to 80% isodose line, with/without conventional RT. Median F/U 11 months **Outcome: LF 3% **Toxicity: minimal **Conclusion: Focal RT similar to cranial SRS possible for extracranial sites ===Elderly patients=== *'''VU University, The Netherlands; 2009''' {{PMID|19950125}} -- "Stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer in patients aged >/=75 years: outcomes after stereotactic radiotherapy." (Haasbeek CJ, Cancer. 2009 Nov 30. [Epub ahead of print]) **Retrospective. 203 tumors in 193 patints (T1 118, T2 85), age >=75, 80% inoperable 20% declined surgery. Median Charlson comorbidity score 4, severe COPD 25%. Risk-adapted SRT dose 60 Gy in 3 fractions (33%), 5 fractions (50%) or 8 fractions (17%) **Outcome: OS 1-year 86%, 3-year 45% and correlated with performance score (SS) and lung function. 3-year LC 89% **Toxicity: Late Grade 3+ in <10% patients **Conclusion: High LC rates, minimal toxicity, despite significant medical comorbidities ===Dose=== *There are currently multiple dose regimens available *Initial dose-escalation at Indiana University established 20 Gy x3 fractions as a "standard" regimen in the U.S. for peripheral lesions. This was adopted by RTOG *Commonly used Japanese regimen tends to be 12 Gy x4 fractions *RTOG is now randomizing patients in a Phase II study between 34 Gy single fraction and the Japanese regimen of 12 Gy x4 fraction, to serve as an arm in a future Phase III between the current reference 20 Gy x3 fractions and the winner *RTOG is also carrying out a dose-escalation protocol for central lesions starting at 10 Gy x5 fractions going to 12 Gy x5 fractions *'''Colorado; 2009''' (1999-2005) {{PMID|1878678}} -- "Observation of a dose-control relationship for lung and liver tumors after stereotactic body radiation therapy." (McCammon R, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Jan 1;73(1):112-8. Epub 2008 Sep 9.) **Retrospective. 141 patients, 246 lesions with lung or liver tumors. SBRT in 3 fractions **Outcome: 3-year LC if dose <36/3 (< 12 Gy/fx) 8% vs. 36/3-53.9/3 (12-17.9 Gy/fx) 59% vs. >=54/3 (>= 18 Gy/fx) 89% **Toxicity: Grade 3+ in 6% **Conclusion: Dose-control relationship exists, with excellent control rates at >= 54 Gy in 3 fractions *'''University of Virginia; 2007''' {{PMID|17513066}} -- "Dose as a function of lung volume and planned treatment volume in helical tomotherapy intensity-modulated radiation therapy-based stereotactic body radiation therapy for small lung tumors." (Baisden JM, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Jul 15;68(4):1229-37. Epub 2007 May 21.) **Treatment planning. 7 patients. Helical tomotherapy. Regression analysis of correlation of maximum acceptable dose to PTV and lung volume **Outcome: Linear relationship between maximum dose, PTV, and lung volume. **Conclusion: Maximum dose can be predicted by PTV and lung volume ===Set Up=== *'''University of Toronto''' (2008-2009) -- abdominal compression vs Body fix immobilization **Randomized. 24 patients, 25 lesions (16 upper lobe, 2 middle lobe, 7 lower lobe), medically inoperable Stage I NSCLC or pulmonary mets. All patients underwent 4D-CRT with free breathing, Bodyfix, and abdominal compression plate (ACP). After sim randomized to immobilization with Arm 1) Bodyfix or Arm 2) ACP. CBCT acquired before and after each treatment **'''2010''' {{PMID|20189669}} -- "A comparison of two immobilization systems for stereotactic body radiation therapy of lung tumors." (Han K, Radiother Oncol. 2010 Feb 26. [Epub ahead of print]) ***Outcome: Both Bodyfix and ACP reduced sup-inf (4.6 mm vs 4.0 mm vs 5.3 mm) and overall tumor motion (5.3 mm vs 4.7 mm vs 6.1 mm) compared to free-breathing (SS). ACP further reduced sup-inf (SS) and overall tumor motion (SS) compared to Bodyfix ***Toxicity: ACP faster to set up and more comfortable by patients (SS) ***Conclusion: Abdominal compression superior to Bodyfix in immobilization and patient comfort ==Proton Therapy== *''Please see the [[Radiation_Oncology/Lung/NSCLC/Protons|NSCLC Protons]] page'' ==Primary RT Technique Comparison== *'''Maastricht; 2009''' {{PMID|19733410}} -- "Comparison of the effectiveness of radiotherapy with photons, protons and carbon-ions for non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis." (Grutters JP, Radiother Oncol. 2009 Sep 3. [Epub ahead of print]) **Meta-analysis. 41 studies (22 conventional, 11 SBRT, 5 proton, 3 carbon) **Outcome: Pooled 5-year OS estimate conventional RT 19% vs. SBRT 42% vs. protons 40% vs. carbon ion 42% (NS for SBRT vs protons vs carbon). 5-year DSS 43% vs 63% vs 52% vs 64% (SBRT significantly better than conventional) **Conclusion: Conventional RT outcome significantly worse than SBRT, protons, and carbon, though limited number of patients and limited follow-up ==RT and chemotherapy== ===Hyperfractionated RT + chemo=== *Jeremic (Yugoslavia), 2005 (1996-98) - {{PMID|16192579}} &mdash; "Concurrent Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy and Low-Dose Daily Carboplatin/Paclitaxel in Patients With Early-Stage (I/II) Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Phase II Study." Jeremic B et al. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct 1;23(28):6873-80. **56 pts, Stage I-II. Taxol on day 1 (30 mg/m2) then RT beginning on day 2 to 67.6 Gy at 1.3 Gy BID with concurrent daily chemotherapy with carboplatin 25 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 10 mg/m2. **Conclusion: feasible with low toxicity. ==Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)== *'''RAPTURE''' (2001-2005) {{PMID|18565793}} -- "Response to radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumours: a prospective, intention-to-treat, multicentre clinical trial (the RAPTURE study)." (Lencioni R, Lancet Oncol. 2008 Jul;9(7):621-8. Epub 2008 Jun 17.) **Multinational prospective trial (Europe, USA, Australia). 106 patients, 183 lung tumors, <3.5cm diameter. Unsuitable for surgery, RT or chemo. NSCLC (n=33), CRC mets (n=53), other mets (n=20). **Outcome: Technical success 99%. 1-year CR 88%. 1-year OS NSCLC 70%, CRC mets 89%, other mets 92%. 2-year OS Stage I NSCLC 72% **Toxicity: Pneumothorax 1%; no significant worsening of pulmonary function **Conclusion: Percutaneous RFA high sustained CR, acceptable morbidity 5318bwe2i5w8mk0q9cdzcnt7qki8xvb 0 40527 4673424 2478123 2026-10-01T12:35:27Z Jcb 90773 4673424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Radiation Oncology/NHL:TOC}} ==RT dose== See discussion at [[Radiation Oncology/NHL/Follicular#Palliation | Follicular lymphoma]] ==Reviews== *JCO, 2005 - {{PMID|16155028}} &mdash; "State-of-the-Art Therapeutics: Marginal-Zone Lymphoma." Bertoni F et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 23, No 26 (September 10), 2005: pp. 6415-6420. 9iyh0650lnnwvjy54qf0lm72fyzai4b 0 46099 4673430 4585732 2026-10-01T12:39:26Z Jcb 90773 4673430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Radiation Oncology/NHL:TOC}} ==Primary CNS Lymphoma== *''Please see [[Radiation Oncology/Primary CNS Lymphoma|Primary CNS Lymphoma]] for detailed information'' ==Orbit== <big>'''Eye and Orbital Lymphoma'''</big> *'''U.Florida; 1999''' (1969-1995) **{{PMID|10219791}} -- "Radiotherapy in the management of orbital lymphoma." (Bolek TW, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999 Apr 1;44(1):31-6.) ***38 pts; 20 pts treated with curative intent, 18 with palliation. No chemotherapy. RT with cobalt or kilovoltage x-ray. Median dose 25 Gy (median dose/fraction 1.67 Gy) ***LC in 37 of 38 pts. Curative treatment: 5-yr CSS 89% (low grade) and 33% (int/high grade). ***Cataract formation in 7 of 21 pts treated without lens shielding; 0 of 17 pts with lens shielding. ***Conclusion: "Radiotherapy is a safe and effective local treatment in the management of orbital lymphoma." *'''MGH; 1990''' (1979-1988) **{{PMID|2118492}} -- "Conjunctival lymphoma: results and treatment with a single anterior electron field. A lens sparing approach." (Dunbar SF, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990 Aug;19(2):249-57.) ***12 pts. Treated with 6-9 MeV electron beam, dose 24-30 Gy (median 30 Gy; median 250 cGy x 12 fractions) ***LC in all pts at f/u of 0.5-9.5 yrs. ==Skin== *''Please see [[Radiation Oncology/Mycosis fungoides|Mycosis fungoides]] for T-cell lymphoma or [[Radiation Oncology/NHL/Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma|Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma]]'' ==Head & Neck== ===Thyroid=== :''See page at [[Radiation Oncology/NHL/Thyroid|Thyroid lymphoma]]'' ===Waldeyer's Ring=== :''See anatomic description at [[Radiation_Oncology/Hodgkin/Overview#Anatomy]]; traditional RT fields at [[Radiation_Oncology/Hodgkin/Overview#Radiation fields]]'' Waldeyer's ring includes the tonsil, nasopharynx, and base of tongue. *'''Mexico''' (1981-91) &mdash; 1996 - ''Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring: radiotherapy versus chemotherapy versus combined therapy.'' (Aviles A, Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1996 Jan;32B(1):19-23.) **316 pts. Phase III. Stage I NHL of Waldeyer's ring. Randomized to extended-field RT alone, chemotherapy alone (CHOP or CHOP-like), or combined therapy with chemo + RT. **Median f/u 6.8 yrs. CR in 93%, 87%, 97%. 5-yr FFS 48%, 45%, 83% (SS); OS 56%, 58%, 90% (SS). **Conclusion: improved results with combined chemo+RT. ==GI tract== GI lymphomas account for 4-12% of all NHL and 1-4% of GI tumors. 20-40% involve the small bowel. There is a subtype called enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma. {{ref|GaleJ}} ===Stomach=== *'''Italy; 2009''' (1998-2004) {{PMID|19479614}} -- "Early stage gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: results of a randomised trial comparing chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy + involved field radiotherapy." (Martinelli G, Leuk Lymphoma. 2009 May 19:1-7.) **Randomized. 54 patients, DLBCL gastric lymphoma. Antracycline-containing chemo x4-6 cycles. Those in CR (83%) randomized to Arm 1) IFRT vs Arm 2) 2 additional cycles of chemo **Outcome: LR RT significantly better. OS no difference **Conclusion: IFRT able to prevent local relapse *'''MSKCC''', 2005 - {{PMID|15936555}} &mdash; "Radiation treatment planning techniques for lymphoma of the stomach." Della Biancia C et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Jul 1;62(3):745-51. **Comparison of AP/PA vs 3D-CRT vs IMRT for different relationships of the target volume and kidneys. ==Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma (PMBCL)== *''Please see [[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/DLBCL#Primary_Mediastinal_Large_B-cell|DLBCL/PMLBCL]] section for background information'' '''''Chemotherapy regimens:''''' DA-EPOCH-R, MACOP-B, VACOP-B, NHL-15, R-CHOP '''''Treatments:''''' *'''Dunleavy, 2012''' (NCI) {{PMID|23574119}} -- "Dose-adjusted EPOCH-rituximab therapy in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma." (N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 11;368(15):1408-16) **Phase 2 prospective prospective study of infusional dose-adjusted etoposide, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide with vincristine, prednisone, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) and filgrastim without radiotherapy in 51 patients with untreated primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. **Outcome: The patients had a median age of 30 years (range, 19 to 52) and a median tumor diameter of 11 cm; 59% were women. During a median of 5 years of follow-up, the event-free survival rate was 93%, and the overall survival rate was 97%. Among the 16 patients who were involved in the retrospective analysis at another center, over a median of 3 years of follow-up, the event-free survival rate was 100%, and no patients received radiotherapy. No late morbidity or cardiac toxic effects were found in any patients. After follow-up ranging from 10 months to 14 years, all but 2 of the 51 patients (4%) who received DA-EPOCH-R alone were in complete remission. The 2 remaining patients received radiotherapy and were disease-free at follow-up. **Conclusion: Therapy with DA-EPOCH-R obviated the need for radiotherapy in patients with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. *'''Padova, 2007''' (Italy) {{PMID|17379431}} -- "Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: results of intensive chemotherapy regimens (MACOP-B/VACOP-B) plus involved field radiotherapy on 53 patients. A single institution experience." (Mazzarotto R, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Jul 1;68(3):823-9.) **Retrospective. 53 consecutive patients with PMLBCL (90% Stage I-II) treated with induction [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations#Pro-MACE-MOPP|ProMACE-MOPP]] (n=2), [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations#MACOP-B|MACOP-B]] (n=11), and [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations#VACOP-B|VACOP-B]] (n=40), followed by IFRT. RT started 3-4 after chemo, modified mantle and SCV if involved at diagnosis. Dose 30.6/17 - 39.6/22 (mean 36/20). Treatment completed in 80%. Median F/U 7.8 years **Outcome: 5-year OS 93%, DFS 87%. Response after chemo: CR 38%, PR 57%. If PR, 92% obtained CR after IFRT **Conclusion: Intensive chemo + IFRT efficacious; IFRT plays a pivotal role in inducing CR *'''Verona, 2004''' (Italy)(1982-1999) {{PMID|14735179}} -- "Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL): long-term results from a retrospective multicentre Italian experience in 138 patients treated with CHOP or MACOP-B/VACOP-B." (Todeschini G, Br J Cancer. 2004 Jan 26;90(2):372-6.) **Retrospective. 13 Italian centers. 138 patients with PMLBCL treated with [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations#CHOP|CHOP]] (n=43) or [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations|MACOP-B/VACOP-B]] (n=95). 76% patients in CR received IFRT **Outcome: CR CHOP 51% vs. MACOP-B/VACOP-B 80% (SS); EFS 40% vs. 76% (SS). IFRT improved outcome, irrespective of chemo **Conclusion: MACOP-B/VACOP-B better than CHOP; consolidation IFRT improves outcome in CR patients '''''Clinicopathologic Studies:''''' *'''Nebraska''' - {{PMID|10071267}}, 1999 -- "Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 43 patients from the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group." (Abou-Elella AA, J Clin Oncol. 1999 Mar;17(3):784-90.) **Conclusion: The clinical features of PMLBL do not appear to be significantly different from those of nonmediastinal DLBL. Younger median age of 42 yrs is much less than median age for nonmediastinal DLBL. '''''Reviews:''''' *'''Savage, 2006''' - {{PMID|16720849}}, 2006 &mdash; "Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma." Savage KJ. Oncologist. 2006 May;11(5):488-95. ==Testicular== *'''International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group 10 [IELSG-10]''' - Phase II - R-CHOP, IT-MTX, RT to contralateral testis **Multinational. 53 pts, Stage I-II primary testicular lymphoma. R-CHOP21 x 6-8, 4 doses of intrathecal MTX, RT 30 Gy to the contralateral testis (for all pts). RT 30-36 Gy given to the pelvis for Stage II. **'''2011''' {{PMID|21646602}}-- "First-Line Treatment for Primary Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma With Rituximab-CHOP, CNS Prophylaxis, and Contralateral Testis Irradiation: Final Results of an International Phase II Trial." (Vitolo U, JCO online before print June 6, 2011.) ***Median f/u 65 mo. All pts received R-CHOP, 50 received CNS prophylaxis, 47 received testicular RT. 5-yr PFS 74% and OS 85%. 10 pts with relapses: 2 in LNs, 5 in extranodal organs, 3 in CNS. 5-yr CNS relapse rate 6%. No contralateral testis relapses. 10 pts died (6 from lymphoma). ***Conclusion: Good outcome for PTL with chemotherapy with CNS prophylaxis and RT to the contralateral testis. CNS prophylaxis deserves further investigation. ==Primary Bone Lymphoma== *'''MD Anderson, 2015''' (1988-2013) {{PMID|25754633}} -- "Benefit of consolidative radiation therapy for primary bone diffuse large B-cell lymphoma." (Tao R, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015 May 1;92(1):122-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.01.014. Epub 2015 Mar 5.) **Retrospective. 102 patient, primary DLBCL. Median age 55. R-CHOP in 63%; Rituximab in 72%. RT in 66% (n=67). Stage I-II in 70%. Median dose 44 Gy (24 - 50). Median F/U 6.8 years **Outcome: 5-year PFS 80%; OS 82%. RT improved PFS (RT 88% vs no RT 63%, SS) and improved OS (91% vs 68%, SS). No difference between dose <36 Gy vs >= 36 Gy **Conclusion: Patient treated with chemotherapy and RT can have excellent outcomes *'''Rare Cancer Network; 2012''' (1987-2008) {{PMID|22079728}} -- "Early-Stage Primary Bone Lymphoma: A Retrospective, Multicenter Rare Cancer Network (RCN) Study." (Cai L, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 May 1;83(1):284-91.) -- Median f/u 41 m. **Multi-institutional. 116 pts, Stages I-II (I-80%, II-20%). Pathology was re-classified using the WHO classification (DLBCL in 78%). **75% received chemoradiotherapy. 88% received chemo (+/- RT). Chemo was CHOP in 68%, R-CHOP in 32%. **CR in 74%. LF in 10%. LC: 5-yr 92%, 10-yr 80%. OS: 5-yr 76%, 10-yr 72%. LSS (lymphoma-specific survival): 78% at 5 and 10 yrs. **Distant progression in 15% at a median of 7 months. **By RT dose: LF 12% (for <40 Gy) vs 8% (>40 Gy); NS. LF was in-field in 50%. **Independent prognostic features: IPI score, RT dose, CR, and chemo. **Conclusion: Good prognosis. Chemotherapy followed by RT is superior to rt->chemo. RT plays a role in local control. Better outcome for more than 6 chemotherapy cycles and more than 40 Gy RT. *'''Italy; 2004''' (1983-2001) {{PMID|15183479}} -- "Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bone: treatment and analysis of prognostic factors for Stage I and Stage II." (Barbieri E, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Jul 1;59(3):760-4.) -- Median f/u 149 m (12 yr) **77 pts with Stage I (44) or Stage II (33) primary bone lymphoma. All pts had RT to median 40 Gy; 67 pts had chemo. **CR in 94.8%. Relapse in 18.2% at median of 23 months. 15-yr DFS 76.6%, OS 88.3%. **Prognostic factors: Age <40 was the only significant factor for worse DFS. **Conclusion: "In PLB the CMT seems to produce a better outcome than RT alone; that still remains the best treatment for local disease control. Radiation therapy alone should be reserved for mandibular tumors, which are usually very small and earlier diagnosed." ==References== *{{note|GaleJ}} - {{PMID|10673521}}. Gale J et al. Enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma: clinical features and treatment of 31 patients in a single center. 0wl81qiac2u2mgydug164noattgueps 0 50909 4673446 4627840 2026-10-01T14:14:01Z JCrue 2226064 4673446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Danish Gambit |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C21]] |parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4|Centre game]] → |responses=<br> * [[/3...dxc3|3...dxc3 · Danish Gambit Accepted]] * [[/3...d5|3...d5 · Sörensen Defence]] * [[/3...Ne7|3...Ne7 · Svenonius Defence]] }} == 3. c3 · Danish gambit == This is an aggressive gambit which, if accepted, leads to a tactical game. Before retaking the pawn, White allows Black to take a second one first. White hopes to use the tempi to get their pieces developed, while Black busy capturing pawns. After [[/3...dxc3|'''3...dxc3''']], '''accepting''' the gambit, White has two choices. After 4. Nxc3, Black is up a pawn, but in exchange White has a piece developed and is the only one with a pawn in the centre. More common is 4. Bc4, giving Black the chance to win another pawn: 4...cxb2 5. Bxb2, White is down two pawns but in compensation has two pieces developed and centre control. While engines find that Black has a slightly edge in the Danish gambit accepted, the lines are nevertheless dangerous to face because of White's piece activity. Therefore it is more common for Black to '''decline''' the gambit at this stage, with [[/3...d5|'''3...d5''']], the '''Sörensen defence'''. In lieu of giving White piece activity, Black allows White to recover the pawn, 4. exd5 Qxd5 5. cxd4, [[/3...Qe7|'''3...Qe7''']] is an uncommon but sound sideline, where Black stays up one pawn without giving White so much of a development lead. This covers the main moves. Black has a few other moves to give back the pawn, but these are atypical: [[/3...Nc6|'''3...Nc6''']] is the most common way to decline the gambit at the amateur level. 4. Nf3 transposes to the Göring gambit more commonly seen in the Scotch game move order, which may still be declined with ...d5. Otherwise, 4. cxd4 d5 5. e5, White regains the material and has more space. [[/3...d3|'''3...d3!?''']] to decline the gambit is inferior, as it allows 4. Bxd3, where White both recovers the material and develops a piece. [[/3...Ne7|'''3...Ne7''']] is called the '''Svenonius defence'''. === History === The gambit is named for [[w:Martin Severin From|Martin Severin From]] (1828―1895), a Danish chess master who played it extensively including at a major tournament in Paris in 1867.<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chess.pl?tid=79227 Paris (1867). Chessgames.com]</ref> ==Theory table== '''1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3''' <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <tr> <th></th> <th align="left">3</th> <th align="left">4</th> <th align="left">5</th><th>6</th><th>7</th><th>8</th><th>9</th><td></td></tr> <tr> <th align="right">Danish Gambit Accepted</th> <td>c3<br>[[/3...dxc3|dxc3]]</td> <td>Bc4<br>cxb2</td> <td>Bxb2<br>Nf6</td><td>e5 d5 </td><td>exf6 Bb4+ </td><td>Bc3 Bxc3+ </td><td>Nxc3 dxc4 </td><td>∞</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right">'''Sörensen Defence'''</th> <td>...<br>[[/3...d5|d5]]</td> <td>exd5<br>Qxd5</td> <td>cxd4<br>Nc6</td><td>Nf3 Bb4+ </td><td>Nc3 Bg4 </td><td>Be2 Bxf3 </td><td>Bxf3 Qc4 </td><td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right">'''Ponziani'''</th> <td>...<br>[[/3...Nf6|Nf6]]</td> <td>e5<br>Nd5</td> <td>cxd4<br>d6</td><td>Nf3 Nc6 </td><td>Bb5 Be7 </td><td>Nc3 Nxc3 </td><td>bxc3 a6 </td><td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right">Alternate Declination</th> <td>...<br>[[/3...d6|d6]]</td> <td>cxd4<br>d5</td> <td>e5<br>c5</td><td>Nf3 Nc6 </td><td>Bb5 cxd4 </td><td>Nxd4 Bb4+ </td><td>Nc3 Ne7 </td><td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right">Advance Variation</th> <td>...<br>[[/3...d3|d3]]</td> <td>Bxd3<br>Nc6</td> <td>Nf3<br>Bc5</td><td>b4 Bb6 </td><td>a4 a6 </td><td>O-O d6 </td><td>Nbd2 Nf6 </td><td>+=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right">Qe7 Variation</th> <td>...<br>[[/3...Qe7|Qe7]]</td> <td>cxd4<br>Qxe4+</td> <td>Be3 Bb4+ </td><td>Nc3 Nf6 </td><td>Nf3 Ng4 </td><td>Qd2 Nxe3 </td><td>fxe3 Qe7 </td><td>∞</td> </tr><tr><th align="right">Svenonius Defence</th><td>... [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4/2...exd4/3. c3/3...Ne7|Ne7]] </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>=</td></tr></table> {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} === See also === {{wikipedia|Danish Gambit}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} jscew26k7fiklpaoex57ex9nrfqfns1 0 51254 4673594 4657179 2026-10-02T09:40:23Z ~2026-52904-90 3627411 /* See also */ 4673594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} __NOTOC__ '''[[Aros/Platforms/x86 Complete System HCL|AROS]]''' is an recursive acronym for the ''AROS Research Operating System'', an AmigaOS (TM) API compatible {{w|Comparison_of_operating_systems|OS}}, with certain improvements, that is portable and freely available. It is developed as a collaborative project, with the source code being available under an [[/APL|open source license]]. AROS is not tied to any company policy or computer hardware. No financial or legal circumstances will have any negative effect on the progress of AROS. It has a secure future. Moreover AROS effort helps the Amiga community in general. Projects such as AfA-OS which improves the Classic Amiga OS and the free kickstart {{W|ROM}} which is useful in improving UAE emulator and others. As more Amiga 68k hardware and accelerators become scarce and expensive some thought was made to preserve the Amiga spirit. One approach out of many is AROS which can run on {{w|Motorola}} 68k, PowerPC, Intel x86 and compatibles, a select ARM SOCs. Where anyone can use an alternative to most mainstream Operating Systems (OS), for nostalgic reasons, educationally as an alternative to Linux, to experience new ideas or just be different. Ways to program * Open - Aros target level with C, C++, Pascal, LUA and others. Goal of portable coding * Closed - CPU architecture means specific assembler mnemonics becomes machine code - closely coupled to hardware and not portable Most old 68k applications and games work out of the box on Aros68k and related Amiga based m68k hardware, so it has a lot to do with the original "Amiga". It implements the same APIs, it has the same directories. You can code a program in M68K assembler which will actually run on BOTH AmigaOS 3.x and AROS for M68K. But it will run on AmigaOS 3.x and AROS M68K ONLY (this means: on classic Amiga models, clones and ports of {{w|UAE (emulator)|UAE}}). Obviously, if you wish your code to work on ANY OTHER platform, you have to either code the application in a compatible assembler for THAT platform or use a higher level language. The advantage of C and other interpreted or compiled high-level languages is that you can write your source code once, and then compile it for any target platform. Being able to share the same source code and compile it on many platform targets is the aim of AROS. ==Contents== ===User - The manual on using AROS=== * [[/User/Docs|Introduction]] * [[/User/FAQs|Frequently Asked Questions]] * [[/User/Sound|Sound and MIDI manual]] * [[/User/GettingSoftware|Getting software - applications, games, ...]] * [[/User/DOS|DOS manual]] * [[/User/AmigaLegacy|AmigaOS support / Amiga68k emulation]] * [[/Platforms/AROS USB support|AROS USB support]] ===Platforms - Platform specific parts both for user and developer=== * [[/Platforms/68k support|68k support]] * [[/Platforms/x86 support|x86 support]] * [[/Platforms/x86 64 support|x86_64 support]] * [[/Platforms/x86 installing|x86 installing]] * [[/Platforms/Support for *nix|Windows Mingw and MacOSX support]] * [[/Platforms/Installing on *nix|Linux and FreeBSD support]] * [[/Platforms/Arm Raspberry Pi support|ARM Raspberry Pi support]] * [[/Platforms/ARM support|ARM support]] * [[/Platforms/Installing on Android|Android support]] * [[/Platforms/PPC support|PPC support]] * [[/Platforms/RISC-V support|RISC-V support]] ===Developer - Developing for AROS, and developing AROS=== ====Building AROS, and using its APIs==== * [[/Developer/Docs|General overview and introduction]] * [[/Developer/KernelBasics|Kernel Basics]] * [[/Developer/Porting software|Porting software from other platforms]] * [[/Developer/MemoryManagement|Memory Management]] * [[/Developer/NightlyConfig|Nightly Config]] * [[/Developer/SelfHostedCompile|Self-hosted Compile]] * [[/Developer/LLVM|LLVM]] * [[/Developer/ABIv1|ABI v1]] * [[/Developer/BuildSystem|Build-System used to compile AROS]] * [[/Developer/Games Programming/Basics|Games Programming Basics WIP]] ==== [[:w:Zune (GUI toolkit)|Zune (GUI toolkit)]] ==== * [[/Developer/Zune|Primer/Manual]] * [[/Developer/Zune/Classes|Standard classes: built-in, or supplied with AROS]] * [[/Developer/Zune/CustomClasses|Custom classes: expanding Zune]] * [[/Developer/Zune/Examples|Zune example code]] ====AHI audio hardware independent API==== * [[/Developer/AHIDrivers|AHI Manual]] ====Libraries==== * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|CGFX]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|DOS]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Exec|Exec]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Expansion|Expansion]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|Graphics]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/IFFParse|IFFParse]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|Icon]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|Intuition]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Layers|Layers]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/RexxSysLib|RexxSysLib]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Utility|Utility]] :[[/APL|AROS public license]] == See also == * {{w|AROS Research Operating System|AROS}} on Wikipedia * [http://www.aros.org The AROS website] * [https://ae.arosworld.org/ Old aros-exec.org] * [https://www.arosworld.org/home.php] Primary AROS community website {{shelves|operating systems}} {{alphabetical|A}} {{status|50%}} [[es:AROS]] [[fr:AROS]] [[it:Aros]] [[ru:AROS]]LH00Q Saturn(LUDWiG vAN BEETHOVEN TONDicITTER Crystal 🔮 clear app antivirus.png346 8bmwfugdfk4gqlke72qqdjni3v92vnc 4673595 4673594 2026-10-02T09:42:58Z NDG 3510220 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/~2026-52904-90|~2026-52904-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-52904-90|talk]]) to last version by Jeff1138: reverting vandalism 4657179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} __NOTOC__ '''[[Aros/Platforms/x86 Complete System HCL|AROS]]''' is an recursive acronym for the ''AROS Research Operating System'', an AmigaOS (TM) API compatible {{w|Comparison_of_operating_systems|OS}}, with certain improvements, that is portable and freely available. It is developed as a collaborative project, with the source code being available under an [[/APL|open source license]]. AROS is not tied to any company policy or computer hardware. No financial or legal circumstances will have any negative effect on the progress of AROS. It has a secure future. Moreover AROS effort helps the Amiga community in general. Projects such as AfA-OS which improves the Classic Amiga OS and the free kickstart {{W|ROM}} which is useful in improving UAE emulator and others. As more Amiga 68k hardware and accelerators become scarce and expensive some thought was made to preserve the Amiga spirit. One approach out of many is AROS which can run on {{w|Motorola}} 68k, PowerPC, Intel x86 and compatibles, a select ARM SOCs. Where anyone can use an alternative to most mainstream Operating Systems (OS), for nostalgic reasons, educationally as an alternative to Linux, to experience new ideas or just be different. Ways to program * Open - Aros target level with C, C++, Pascal, LUA and others. Goal of portable coding * Closed - CPU architecture means specific assembler mnemonics becomes machine code - closely coupled to hardware and not portable Most old 68k applications and games work out of the box on Aros68k and related Amiga based m68k hardware, so it has a lot to do with the original "Amiga". It implements the same APIs, it has the same directories. You can code a program in M68K assembler which will actually run on BOTH AmigaOS 3.x and AROS for M68K. But it will run on AmigaOS 3.x and AROS M68K ONLY (this means: on classic Amiga models, clones and ports of {{w|UAE (emulator)|UAE}}). Obviously, if you wish your code to work on ANY OTHER platform, you have to either code the application in a compatible assembler for THAT platform or use a higher level language. The advantage of C and other interpreted or compiled high-level languages is that you can write your source code once, and then compile it for any target platform. Being able to share the same source code and compile it on many platform targets is the aim of AROS. ==Contents== ===User - The manual on using AROS=== * [[/User/Docs|Introduction]] * [[/User/FAQs|Frequently Asked Questions]] * [[/User/Sound|Sound and MIDI manual]] * [[/User/GettingSoftware|Getting software - applications, games, ...]] * [[/User/DOS|DOS manual]] * [[/User/AmigaLegacy|AmigaOS support / Amiga68k emulation]] * [[/Platforms/AROS USB support|AROS USB support]] ===Platforms - Platform specific parts both for user and developer=== * [[/Platforms/68k support|68k support]] * [[/Platforms/x86 support|x86 support]] * [[/Platforms/x86 64 support|x86_64 support]] * [[/Platforms/x86 installing|x86 installing]] * [[/Platforms/Support for *nix|Windows Mingw and MacOSX support]] * [[/Platforms/Installing on *nix|Linux and FreeBSD support]] * [[/Platforms/Arm Raspberry Pi support|ARM Raspberry Pi support]] * [[/Platforms/ARM support|ARM support]] * [[/Platforms/Installing on Android|Android support]] * [[/Platforms/PPC support|PPC support]] * [[/Platforms/RISC-V support|RISC-V support]] ===Developer - Developing for AROS, and developing AROS=== ====Building AROS, and using its APIs==== * [[/Developer/Docs|General overview and introduction]] * [[/Developer/KernelBasics|Kernel Basics]] * [[/Developer/Porting software|Porting software from other platforms]] * [[/Developer/MemoryManagement|Memory Management]] * [[/Developer/NightlyConfig|Nightly Config]] * [[/Developer/SelfHostedCompile|Self-hosted Compile]] * [[/Developer/LLVM|LLVM]] * [[/Developer/ABIv1|ABI v1]] * [[/Developer/BuildSystem|Build-System used to compile AROS]] * [[/Developer/Games Programming/Basics|Games Programming Basics WIP]] ==== [[:w:Zune (GUI toolkit)|Zune (GUI toolkit)]] ==== * [[/Developer/Zune|Primer/Manual]] * [[/Developer/Zune/Classes|Standard classes: built-in, or supplied with AROS]] * [[/Developer/Zune/CustomClasses|Custom classes: expanding Zune]] * [[/Developer/Zune/Examples|Zune example code]] ====AHI audio hardware independent API==== * [[/Developer/AHIDrivers|AHI Manual]] ====Libraries==== * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|CGFX]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|DOS]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Exec|Exec]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Expansion|Expansion]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|Graphics]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/IFFParse|IFFParse]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|Icon]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|Intuition]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Layers|Layers]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/RexxSysLib|RexxSysLib]] * [[/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Utility|Utility]] :[[/APL|AROS public license]] == See also == * {{w|AROS Research Operating System|AROS}} on Wikipedia * [http://www.aros.org The AROS website] * [https://ae.arosworld.org/ Old aros-exec.org] * [https://www.arosworld.org/home.php] Primary AROS community website {{shelves|operating systems}} {{alphabetical|A}} {{status|50%}} [[es:AROS]] [[fr:AROS]] [[it:Aros]] [[ru:AROS]] hkuzs7nx4rei6ah4vuv9wxit50zw1cj 0 61168 4673432 4237409 2026-10-01T12:42:32Z Jcb 90773 4673432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Radiation Oncology/NHL:TOC}} ==Aggressive Lymphomas== *[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/DLBCL|Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] *[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/NK_T_cell_lymphoma|NK/T-cell lymphoma]] *[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Anaplastic_large_cell|Anaplastic large cell lymphoma]] ==Limited-stage aggressive histology== Three subgroups of patients with different outcomes and recommended treatment: <br>Based on Stage-modified International Prognostic Index <br>Proposed classification: :From {{PMID|15210737}} (No abstract), Miller TP. "The limits of limited stage lymphoma." J Clin Oncol. 2004 Aug 1;22(15):2982-4. *"Very Limited" - Stage I or IE with 0 stage-modified risk factors. *:90% 5-yr survival. Treat with CHOP(3) + RT. *"Limited" - Stage I, IE, II, IIE (no bulky II) with 1 or more risk factors *:70% 5-yr survival. Treat with CHOP(3) + RT. *"Advanced" - Bulky II or bulky IIE. *:50% 5-yr survival. Treat with CHOP(8). ==Historical Overview== *RT alone standard of care until 1980. For laparotomy-verified Stage I, results very excellent. For non-verified Stage I, and particularly Stage II, results were poor **Stage I: all comers 5-year OS ~50%; laparotomy-staged 5-year OS >90% **Stage II: all comers 5-year OS ~20%; laparotomy-staged 35-55% *University of Chicago experience suggested that recurrences were not prevented by extended fields, and that Stage II patients should be treated with chemotherapy *Around 1980, several small trials demonstrated that adding chemotherapy after RT improved survival. The intent was to control microscopic systemic disease and reduce the size of the radiation fields. **Stage I: 5-year RFS 94-100% **Stage II: 5-year RFS 72-78% *Based on experience in advanced disease, observational studies around the same time suggested that chemotherapy alone was sufficient. CHOP became established as the standard therapy in Stage III/IV disease, and began to be used for Stage I/II trials as well *This resulted in SWOG-8736 Phase III trial, which compared CHOP x8 cycles alone to CHOP x3 cycles with involved field RT, in low risk patients (Stage I and non-bulky Stage II). Early results showed a survival benefit for the combined arm, and established it as the standard of care *Unfortunately, long-term update (abstract only) showed an excess distant failure rate in the combined modality arm after 5 years, suggesting that CHOP x3 is not sufficient to control the systemic disease in these patients *ECOG-1484 Phase III trial randomized higher risk patients (Stage I bulky/extranodal and Stage II) to CHOP x8 cycles alone versus CHOP x8 cycles + involved field RT. There was a disease-free survival benefit, but no overall survival benefit *GELA 93-1 Phase III trial evaluated CHOP x4 + involved field RT with dose-intense ACVBP in IPI=0 patients <60 years old. There was a clear survival benefit to ACVBP. This strategy however did not gain wide acceptance in the USA due to its toxicity *Finally, GELA 93-4 Phase III trial compared CHOP x4 alone versus CHOP x4 + involved field RT in IPI=0 patients >60 years old. There was no difference in EFS or OS. However, follow-up is still short, and there is a concern about more long-term failures as in SWOG-8736 *The already complicated situation became even more complicated with the introduction of Rituxan. Several trials established CHOP-R as superior to CHOP *The exact role of RT and CHOP-R in the treatment of Stage I/II aggressive lymphomas needs to be clarified ==Primary RT== *'''British National Lymphoma Investigation, 2004''' (1974-1997) {{PMID|15026794}} -- "Long-term follow-up of patients treated with radiotherapy alone for early-stage histologically aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." (Spicer J, Br J Cancer. 2004 Mar 22;90(6):1151-5.) **Retrospective. 377 patients treated with RT alone for early-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma **10-year cause-specific survival: <60 years 75% vs. >60 years 47% (SS) **Conclusion: RT alone not sufficient, even in elderly *'''1986''' {{PMID|3518561}} &mdash; "Factors predicting survival in adults with stage I and II large-cell lymphoma treated with primary radiation therapy." (Kaminski et al, Ann Intern Med 1986) **148 pts. Stage I-II large cell lymphoma, treated with RT with or without adjuvant chemo. **5-yr freedom-from-relapse was 25% and OS 35% for those with RT on one side of diaphragm; for those with transdiaghragmatic RT or RT + chemo, FFR and OS both 67%. ==Chemo-RT== ===RT +/- Chemotherapy=== *{{PMID|6406037}}, 1983 (1974-78) &mdash; "A randomized study of radiotherapy versus radiotherapy plus chemotherapy in stage I-II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas." Nissen NI et al. Cancer. 1983 Jul 1;52(1):1-7. **Randomized. 73 pts. Stage I-II. Extended field RT +/- vincristine, streptonigrin, cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Fewer relapses in combined modality group but overall survival similar. ===Rituximab-Chemotherapy +/- RT=== '''Ongoing''' *[http://www.cancer.gov/search/ViewClinicalTrials.aspx?cdrid=459796&version=HealthProfessional&protocolsearchid=3187735 DSHNHL-2004-3]{{Dead link}} -- "Phase III Randomized Study of Immunochemotherapy Comprising Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vincristine, and Prednisone (R-CHOP) With Versus Without Radiotherapy in Patients With Previously Untreated, Low-Risk, Aggressive, B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma". Also known as UNFOLDER 21/14 study. **Arm 1: R-CHOP-21 x6 alone **Arm 2: R-CHOP-21 x6 + IFRT **Arm 3: R-CHOP-14 x6 alone **Arm 4: R-CHOP-14 x6 + RT *'''MD Anderson; 2010''' (2001-2007) {{PMID|20713859}} -- "Benefit of Consolidative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With R-CHOP Chemotherapy." (Phan J, J Clin Oncol. 2010 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print]) **Retrospective. 469 patients, DLBCL. Stage I-II 40%, Stage III-IV 60%. Chemo 6+ cycles R-CHOP in 70%, RT given IFRT 30-39.6 Gy in 30% after chemo CR. Median F/U 3 years **Outcome: On MVA, RT influenced OS and PFS. In matched-pair analysis (Stage I 44 pairs, all stages 74 pairs), RT improved OS (HR 0.5 and 0.3) **Conclusion: Significant improvement in OS and PFS in patients who received consolidative RT after R-CHOP *'''SWOG 0014''' (2000-2002) {{PMID|18413640}} -- "Phase II study of rituximab plus three cycles of CHOP and involved-field radiotherapy for patients with limited-stage aggressive B-cell lymphoma: Southwest Oncology Group study 0014." (Persky DO, J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 10;26(14):2258-63. Epub 2008 Apr 14.) **Phase II. 60 patients, aggressive NHL, limited-stage disease and at least one adverse prognostic factor (nonbulky Stage II, age >60, WHO PS2, elevated LDH). R-CHOP x3 followed by IFRT 40-46 Gy. Median F/U 5.3 years **Outcome: 2-year PFS 93%, 4-year PFS 88%. 2-year OS 95%, 4-year OS 92%. Compares favorably with historical SWOG 8736 4-year PFS 78% and OS 88% **Conclusion: Addition of R to CHOP + IFRT met prespecified criteria of efficacy; but continued relapse ===Pre-Rituximab Chemotherapy +/- RT=== *'''GELA LNH93-4''' (France) (1993-2002) -- CHOP x4 vs. CHOP x4 + RT **Randomized. ''Stopped early after no difference on interim analysis and new evidence showing Rituximab benefit.'' 576 patients. Age >60, localized Stage I-II aggressive lymphoma, IPI 0. Arm 1) CHOP x4 alone vs. Arm 2) IF-RT 40 Gy (involved nodes/extranodal + adjuacent uninvolved nodes) **'''7-year update, 2007''' {{PMID|17228021}} -- "CHOP alone compared with CHOP plus radiotherapy for localized aggressive lymphoma in elderly patients: a study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte." (Bonnet C, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Mar 1;25(7):787-92.) ***5-year EFS: CHOP 61% vs. CHOP/RT 64% (NS). Survival affected by Stage II and male sex ***Relapses: CHOP local 47%, distal 37%, both 16%; CHOP-RT in-field 21%, out-of-field 66%, both 13% ***Second cancers: 29 (14%); 9 in CHOP alone vs. 20 in CHOP-RT ***Subset analysis (49 patients) showed no benefit to RT in bulky disease either (small #) ***Conclusion: No advantage to adding RT **Comment: As a result of this study and GELA93-1, GELA abandoned RT in first line treatment of localized aggressive lymphoma. CHOP-R is used instead **Editorial {{PMID|17228015}} -- "Role of radiation therapy in localized aggressive lymphoma." (Ng AK, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Mar 1;25(7):757-9.) *'''GELA LNH93-1''' (France)(1993-2000) -- ACVBP vs. CHOP x3 + RT **Randomized. 647 patientss, <61 years, localized Stage I or II aggressive lymphoma (Working Formulation: diffuse mixed, diffuse large (80%), or immunoblastic; or anaplastic according to Kiel), no age-adjusted IPI adverse features. Stage I 67%, extranodal involvement 49%, bulky disease 73%. Arm 1) [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations#CHOP|CHOP]] x 3 + involved-field RT vs Arm 2) [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations#ACVBP|ACVBP]] plus sequential chemo consolidation (MTX, leucovorin, etoposide, ifosfamide, Ara-C). RT one month after last cycle of CHOP, 39.6 Gy. Involved field was involved nodal group and adjacent uninvolved nodes. **'''5-years; 2005''' {{PMID|15788496}} - "ACVBP versus CHOP plus Radiotherapy for Localized Aggressive Lymphoma." (Reyes F, N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 24;352(12):1197-205.) Median F/U 7.7 years ***Outcome: 5-year EFS ACVBP 82% vs CHOP-RT 74% (SS), true for both bulky and non-bulky subsets; OS 90% vs 81% (SS) ***Conclusion: In younger patients, ACVBP + consolidation is better than CHOP x3 + RT **Comment: ACVBP arm used higher doses of doxorubicin and cytoxan with higher dose intensity than CHOP and used a consolidation phase with different drugs not used during induction. *'''National Medical Center, Mexico''' (1989-97) -- Residual disease: RT vs. Observation **Randomized. 166 patients, DLBCL, high-intermediate/high clinical risk, with residual disease (<5 cm mass) after chemotherapy. Arm 1) RT 30/20 vs Arm 2) observation. **'''2005''' {{PMID|16260856}} &mdash; "Residual disease after chemotherapy in aggressive malignant lymphoma: the role of radiotherapy." (Aviles A, Med Oncol. 2005;22(4):383-7.) Median F/U 13.5 years ***Outcome: 10-yr PFS RT 86% vs observation 32% (SS). Of 57 relapses in the observation arm, 31 were in the site of initial residual disease, 23 disseminated. 10-year OS 89% vs 58% (SS). ***Conclusion: Salvage RT improves outcome in patients with residual disease after chemotherapy *'''SWOG 8736''' (1988-1995) -- CHOP x8 vs CHOP x3 + RT **Randomized. 401 patients, intermediate/high grade (Working Formulation), Stage I-IE, or non-bulky (<=10 cm) II/II-E. 67% Stage I, 73% IPI 0-1. Arm 1) CHOP x 8 vs Arm 2) CHOP x 3 + involved field RT. RT dose was 40 Gy, with a boost to 50 Gy for residual disease (majority received 45-50 Gy) **'''5-years; 1998''' {{PMID|9647875}} &mdash; "Chemotherapy alone compared with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for localized intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." (Miller TP, N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 2;339(1):21-6.) ***Outcome: 5-yr PFS CHOP-RT 77% vs CHOP 64% (SS), OS 82% vs 72% (SS). PFS by IPI: 0-1 77%, 2 60%, 3 34% ***Toxicity: 2 deaths (CHOP arm neutropenia, RT arm RILD), Grade 4 CHOP 40% vs. RT 30% (p=0.06) ***Conclusion: CHOP x3 + RT superior to CHOP x8 **'''8-years; 2001''' <u>Abstract</u> "CHOP Alone Compared to CHOP Plus Radiotherapy for Early Stage Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: Updated of the SWOG Randomized Trial." (Miller TP, Blood 98: 724A, 2001, abstr 3024.) Median F/U 8.2 years ***Outcome: 7-year FFS curves overlap (NS), 9-year OS curves overlap (NS). Continuous decline, with no plateau ***By risk factors (age >60, elevated LDH, PS >1, Stage II): 5-year OS no RFs 94%, 1 RF 71%, 3 RFs 50% ***Conclusion: Excess late (>5 years) relapses and deaths in CHOPx3-RT arm negate initial benefit. CHOPx3 + RT remains best standard treatment for Stage I and non-bulky Stage II, but optimal treatment may include more/different systemic chemo **'''Histology; 2004''' [http://abstracts.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/abstract/104/11/3263 ASH Abstract] -- "Histologic Subtypes Do Not Confer Unique Outcomes in Early-Stage Lymphoma: Long-Term Follow-Up of SWOG 8736." (Spier CM, Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2004 104: Abstract 3263) ***Outcome: 10-year OS and FFS no difference, no survival plateau. No difference by histology. Only 1 CNS failure (in a patient with testis involvement; none in Burkitt's Lymphoma) ***Conclusion: Histology should not be used to exclude early stage intermediate/high grade patients **Comment: Trial was trying to address if addition of RT can reduce amount of chemo required. Results from the abstract update suggest that 3 cycles of CHOP are insufficient, even in this reasonably low risk population, due to higher rate of late (>5 years) failures *'''ECOG 1484''' (1984-1992) - CHOP x 8 + RT vs CHOP x8 **Randomized. 352 patients, 172 assessable for +/- RT. Diffuse aggressive lymphoma (Working Formulation: diffuse large cell (80%), diffuse mixed large cell and small cell, and diffuse small cleaved cell). Stage I with risk factors (mediastinal or retroperitoneal involvement; or bulky disease > 10 cm), Stage IE, Stage II-IIE (68%). Patients in CR after 8 cycles of CHOP were randomized to Arm 1) 30 Gy involved-field RT vs Arm 2) observation. If PR, 40 Gy. **'''6-years; 2004''' {{PMID|15210738}} &mdash; "Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in limited-stage diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study 1484." (Horning SJ, J Clin Oncol. 2004 Aug 1;22(15):3032-8. Epub 2004 Jun 21.) Median F/U for CR patients 12 years ***CHOP x8 outcome: 69% assessable. CR 71% (n=172 assessable for +/- RT), PR 29% (treated with RT). Most patients with Stage II bulky disease had PR ***RT randomization outcome (n=172): 6-year DFS RT 73% vs. control 56% (SS, p=0.05). 10-year OS 68% vs. 65% (NS) ***RT boost outcome (n=71): 31% CR rate, median OS 9.9 years. Overall, 10-year DFS 78% for all patients treated with chemo + RT ***Conclusion: After CHOP x8, low-dose RT provided better local control and DFS, with no impact on OS ===Historical Series=== *'''British Columbia''' (1980-98) **308 pts. Chemo x 3 followed by involved-field RT. **'''2002''' {{PMID|11773170}} &mdash; "Brief chemotherapy and involved-region irradiation for limited-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma: an 18-year experience from the British Columbia Cancer Agency." Shenkier TN et al. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jan 1;20(1):197-204. ***Median f/u 86 mo. OS and PFS 80% and 81% at 5 years and 63% and 74% at 10 years. Subgroups with high risk disease based on IPI had worse outcomes and need more aggressive treatment. **'''1987''' {{PMID|3296898}}, 1987 &mdash; "Brief chemotherapy and involved field radiation therapy for limited-stage, histologically aggressive lymphoma." Connors JM et al. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Jul;107(1):25-30. ***Original report *'''Milan, 1993''' (1985-90) - {{PMID|8478665}} &mdash; "Combined modality treatment with primary CHOP chemotherapy followed by locoregional irradiation in stage I or II histologically aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas." Tondini C et al. J Clin Oncol 1993 Apr;11(4):720-5. **Non-randomized. 183 pts. CHOP x 4 (or x6 if only PR). RT to 40 Gy to involved sites and 36 Gy to adjacent uninvolved regions. **CR 98% after chemo/RT. 5-year RFS and OS 83%. *'''Tucson/British Columbia, 1989''' - {{PMID|2671279}} &mdash; "Long-term follow-up and analysis for prognostic factors for patients with limited-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma treated with initial chemotherapy with or without adjuvant radiotherapy." Jones SE et al. J Clin Oncol. 1989 Sep;7(9):1186-91. **142 pts. Two prospective trials, treated with CHOP with or without RT. **RFS 82% at 5 yrs. No difference between groups. *'''NCI, 1989''' {{PMID|2788716}} -- "Treatment of localized aggressive lymphomas with combination chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiation therapy." (Longo DL, J Clin Oncol. 1989 Sep;7(9):1295-302.) **Prospective. 47 patients, Stage I/IE with aggresive lymphoma. Treated with [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations#Pro-MACE-MOPP|Pro-MACE-MOPP]] x4 cycles followed by 40 Gy IFRT. Median F/U 3.5 years **Outcome: 96% CR; toxicity 5% hospital admissions **Conclusion: Safe and effective ==Primary Chemotherapy== ===CHOP +/- Rituxan=== *'''DSHNHL RICOVER-60''' (2000-2005) -- CHOP-14 vs. CHOP-21, R-CHOP vs. CHOP **Randomized, 4 arms. 1222 patients, DLBCL, age >60. Stage I-II 50%, Stage III-IV 50%. 2x2 design, CHOP-14 6 cycles vs. 8 cycles; and Rituximab vs. placebo. Arm 1) CHOP-14 x6 vs. Arm 2) CHOP-14 x8 vs. Arm 3) R-CHOP-14 x6 vs. Arm 4) R-CHOP-14 x8. RT 36 Gy given if initial bulky disease or extranodal disease (34%). Primary end point EFS. **'''3-years; 2008''' {{PMID|18226581}} -- "Six versus eight cycles of bi-weekly CHOP-14 with or without rituximab in elderly patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphomas: a randomised controlled trial (RICOVER-60)." (Pfreundschuh M, Lancet Oncol. 2008 Feb;9(2):105-16. Epub 2008 Jan 15.) ***Outcome: 3-year EFS CHOP-14 x6 47% vs. CHOP-14 x8 53% vs. R-CHOP-14 x6 66% vs. R-CHOP-14 x8 63%; OS 68% vs. 66% vs. 78% vs. 72%. Using CHOP-14 x6 cycles as baseline, all intensified regimens SS improved EFS; OS only for R-CHOP-14 x6 cycles ***Conclusion: Six cycles of R-CHOP-14 should be preferred treatment in elderly, no benefit for more cycles of chemo *'''GELA 98-5''' (1998-2000) -- CHOP vs. R-CHOP **Randomized. 399 pts. 60-80 years old, Stage II-IV. Randomized to CHOP x8 vs R-CHOP x8 (both arms CHOP-21) **'''5-years, 2005''' {{PMID|15867204}} -- "Long-term results of the R-CHOP study in the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte." (Feugier P, J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 20;23(18):4117-26.). Median F/U 5-years. Median follow-up 5 yrs. ***5-year EFS: CHOP 29% vs. R-CHOP 47% (SS). Median EFS CHOP 1.1 years vs. R-CHOP 3.8 years (SS) ***5-year outcomes: PFS 30% vs. 54% (SS); DFS 45% vs. 66% (SS); OS 45% vs. 58% (SS) **'''2002''': {{PMID|11807147}} &mdash; "CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma." Coiffier B et al. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 24;346(4):235-42. **<u>Conclusion</u>: Addition of Rituxan leads to significant improvement for elderly patients; benefit in both low- and high-risk groups by IPI *'''ECOG 4494 / CALGB / SWOG Intergroup''' -- CHOP vs. R-CHOP **Abstract, 45th annual ASH meeting (Dec 2003) &mdash; "Rituximab-CHOP versus CHOP with or without maintenance rituximab in patients 60 years of age or older with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): an update." Habermann TM et al. Blood 2004; 104:40a (abstract 127). *'''MabThera trial''' -- CHOP vs. R-CHOP **Randomized. 18 countries. 824 patients, <60 with DLBCL, Stage II-IV, IPI 0-1, or bulky Stage I. Treated with CHOP x6 vs. CHOP-R x6. RT given for bulky and extranodal disease **'''3 years, 2006''' {{PMID|16648042}} -- "CHOP-like chemotherapy plus rituximab versus CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma: a randomised controlled trial by the MabThera International Trial (MInT) Group." (Pfreundschuh M, Lancet Oncol. 2006 May;7(5):379-91.). Median F/U 2.8 years ***3-year outcomes: OS CHOP-R 93% vs. CHOP 84% (SS), EFS 79% vs. 59% (SS) ***Prognostic groups: favorable (IPI=0, no bulk) and unfavorable (IPI=1, bulk, or both) ***Conclusion: CHOP-R is effective ===ACVBP vs. CHOP=== *'''GELA, 2003''' - {{PMID|12920037}} - "Intensive conventional chemotherapy (ACVBP regimen) compared with standard CHOP for poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma." Tilly H et al. Blood. 2003 Dec 15;102(13):4284-9. **Randomized. Poor-risk aggressive NHL, elderly pts (ages 61-69), at least one aggressive factor on age-adjusted IPI. Randomized to ACVBP vs CHOPx8. No XRT. ACVBP consisted of induction phase and CNS prophylaxis followed by sequential consolidation. 635 pts. **No diff in CR. 5-year event free survival 39% (ACVBP) vs 29%, and overall survival 46% vs 38%. More CNS relapses in CHOP group. **Conclusion: Despite higher toxicity, ACVBP results in better EFS and OS ===Historical Series=== *'''1980''' {{PMID|7002279}}, 1980 &mdash; "Management with chemotherapy only of stage I and II malignant lymphoma of aggressive histologic types." Cabanillas F et al. Cancer. 1980 Dec 1;46(11):2356-9. **30 pts. CR in 88%. 85% freedom-from-relapse. *'''1979''' {{PMID|85006}}, 1979 &mdash; "Chemotherapy of localised histiocytic lymphoma." Miller TP. Lancet. 1979 Feb 17;1(8112):358-60. **Original CHOP paper by Miller and Jones? ===Chemotherapy regimens=== *'''CHOP''' - cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vincristine, and prednisone **H is for hydroxydaunomycin (doxorubicin). O is for Oncovin (vincristine). *'''ACVBP''' doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, and prednisone. **Often used with a consolidation chemotherapy regimen using different drugs. *'''Hyper-CVAD''' - cytoxan, vincristine, Adriamycin, decadron *'''RICE''' - Rituxan, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide *'''ESHAP''' - Etoposide, Methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol), High-dose Ara-C, and Cisplatinum For CSF prophylaxis: *IV and intrathecal methotrexate and ara-C ===Chemotherapy technique=== *'''USA Survey, 2004''' {{PMID|15381684}} -- "Incidence and predictors of low chemotherapy dose-intensity in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a nationwide study." (Lyman GH, J Clin Oncol. 2004 Nov 1;22(21):4302-11.) **Survey. 567 oncology practices, 4522 patients treated with CHOP, CHOP-R, CNOP. **Relative dose-intensity (RDI): 53% patients received RDI less than 85% of minimum 6-cycles; Elderly: 60% patients received <85% of minimum RDI **Predictors: age >60, advanced disease, poor PS, no prophylactic colony-stimulating factor use **Conclusion: Patients frequently receive reduced dose in potentially curable NHL; better support recommended ==RT technique== '''''Dose-Response''''' *'''British National Lymphoma Investigation; 2011''' (1997-2005) {{PMID|21664710}} -- "Reduced dose radiotherapy for local control in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a randomised phase III trial." (Lowry L, Radiother Oncol. 2011 Jul;100(1):86-92.) **Randomized, 640 pts w/ stage I-IV, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, mostly DLBCL. Most treated as part of first-line therapy; 79% received prior chemotherapy. Control arm: 40-45 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. Experimental arm: 30 Gy in 15 fractions. **No difference in complete response rate, freedom from local progression, overall survival between dose levels. 5-year freedom from local progression 83.5% high dose vs. 82.2% low dose. **Separate group of indolent NHL randomized to 40-45 Gy vs 24 Gy also showed no difference in outcomes. *Review: {{PMID|12633576}}, 2003 &mdash; "Influence of differing radiotherapy strategies on treatment results in diffuse large-cell lymphoma: a review." Nieder C et al. Cancer Treat Rev. 2003 Feb;29(1):11-9. **For pts achieving CR, 30 - 30.6 Gy for <6 cm tumor, 40 Gy for 7-10 cm, 45 Gy for larger. For less than CR, insufficient data. *'''MDACC; 2001''' (1988-96) {{PMID|11163493}} -- "Dose-response analysis for radiotherapy delivered to patients with intermediate-grade and large-cell immunoblastic lymphomas that have completely responded to CHOP-based induction chemotherapy." (Wilder RB, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Jan 1;49(1):17-22.) **294 pts w/ Stage I-IV, intermediate-grade or large-cell immunoblastic lymphomas. Treated on 2 prospective trials. **Recommend dose of 30 Gy - 30.6 Gy for tumors < 3.5 cm with CR after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Recommend 39.6 Gy for tumors 3.5-10 cm with CR. Recommend 45 Gy for tumors > 10 cm with CR. *'''U. Florida; 1999''' {{PMID|10348285}} -- "The impact of radiotherapy dose and other treatment-related and clinical factors on in-field control in stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." (Kamath SS, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999 Jun 1;44(3):563-8.) **285 pts w/ Stage I-II NHL (72 low grade, 92 intermediate to high grade, 21 unclassified). 159 treated w/ RT alone, 126 combined modality. **95 treatment failures with 12 in-field failures. Most failures occurred in contiguous non-irradiated areas. '''''Whole-abdomen irradiation''''' *'''Washington University; 1994''' (1978-1990) {{PMID|8029434}} -- "Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: whole-abdomen irradiation as an adjuvant to chemotherapy." (Valicenti RK, Radiology. 1994 Aug;192(2):571-6.) **Retrospective. 39 patients with abdominal NHL, modified three-way abdomen irradiation **Toxicity: decreased blood counts, enteritis **Conclusion: Safe adjunct to chemo 36ctwlhibbadheeq9ijyroha74bggvq 0 65852 4673584 3773052 2026-10-02T07:02:48Z CommonsDelinker 49843 Replacing FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_(7_July_1999)_-_filtered.jpg with [[File:FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_(7_July_1999).jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down du 4673584 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Acoustics sonic boom.JPG|center]] [[Image:Sonic_boom_050817-N-3488C-151.jpg|thumb|Warplane passing the sound barrier.]] A '''sonic boom''' is the audible component of a shock wave in air. The term is commonly used to refer to the air shocks caused by the supersonic flight of military aircraft or passenger transports such as Concorde (Mach 2.2, no longer flying) and the Space Shuttle (Mach 27). Sonic booms generate enormous amounts of sound energy, sounding much like an explosion; typically the shock front may approach 100 megawatts per square meter, and may exceed 200 decibels. [[File:FA-18 Hornet breaking sound barrier (7 July 1999).jpg|thumb|200px|When an aircraft is near the sound barrier, an unusual cloud sometimes forms in its wake. A Prandtl-Glauert Singularity results from a drop in pressure, due to shock wave formation. This pressure change causes a sharp drop in temperature, which in humid conditions leads the water vapor in the air to condense into droplets and form the cloud.]] == Cause of sonic booms == As an object moves through the air it creates a series of pressure waves in front and behind it, similar to the bow and stern waves created by a boat. These waves travel at the speed of sound, and as the speed of the aircraft increases the waves are forced together or 'compressed' because they cannot "get out of the way" of each other, eventually merging into a single shock wave at the speed of sound. This critical speed is known as Mach 1 and is 1,225&nbsp;km/h (761&nbsp;mph) at sea level. In smooth flight, the shock wave starts at the nose of the aircraft and ends at the tail. There is a sudden increase in pressure at the nose, decreasing steadily to a negative pressure at the tail, where it suddenly returns to normal. This "overpressure profile" is known as the N-wave due to its shape. We experience the "boom" when there is a sudden increase in pressure, so the N-wave causes two booms, one when the initial pressure rise from the nose hits, and another when the tail passes and the pressure suddenly returns to normal. This leads to a distinctive "double boom" from supersonic aircraft. When maneuvering the pressure; distribution changes into different forms, with a characteristic U-wave shape. Since the boom is being generated continually as long as the aircraft is supersonic, it traces out a path on the ground following the aircraft's flight path, known as the '''boom carpet'''. [[image:Supersonic shockless engine.PNG|frame|A cage around the engine reflects any shock waves. A spike behind the engine converts them into thrust.]] [[image:Supersonic shockless fuselage.PNG|frame|To generate lift a supersonic airplane has to produce at least two shock waves: One over-pressure downwards wave, and one under-pressure upwards wave. Whitcomb area rule states, we can reuse air displacement without generating additional shock waves. In this case the fuselage reuses some displacement of the wings.]] A sonic boom or "tunnel boom" can also be caused by high-speed trains in tunnels (e.g. the Japanese Shinkansen). In order to reduce the sonic boom effect, a special shape of the train car and a widened opening of the tunnel entrance is necessary. When a high speed train enters a tunnel, the sonic boom effect occurs at the tunnel exit. In contrast to the (super)sonic boom of an aircraft, this "tunnel boom" is caused by a rapid change of subsonic flow (due to the sudden narrowing of the surrounding space) rather than by a shock wave. In close range to the tunnel exit this phenomenon can causes disturbances to residents. == Characteristics == The power, or volume, of the shock wave is dependent on the quantity of air that is being accelerated, and thus the size and weight of the aircraft. As the aircraft increases speed the shocks grow "tighter" around the craft, and do not become much "louder". At very high speeds and altitudes the cone does not intersect the ground, and no boom will be heard. The "length" of the boom from front to back is dependent on the length of the aircraft, although to a factor of 3:2 not 1:1. Longer aircraft therefore "spread out" their booms more than smaller ones, which leads to a less powerful boom. The nose shockwave compresses and pulls the air along with the aircraft so that the aircraft behind its shockwave sees subsonic airflow. However, this means that several smaller shock waves can, and usually do, form at other points on the aircraft, primarily any convex points or curves, the leading wing edge and especially the inlet to engines. These secondary shockwaves are caused by the subsonic air behind the main shockwave being forced to go supersonic again by the shape of the aircraft (for example due to the air's acceleration over the top of a curved wing). The later shock waves are somehow faster than the first one, travel faster and add to the main shockwave at some distance away from the aircraft to create a much more defined N-wave shape. This maximizes both the magnitude and the "rise time" of the shock, which makes it seem louder. On most designs the characteristic distance is about 40,000&nbsp;ft, meaning that below this altitude the sonic boom will be "softer". However the drag at this altitude or below makes supersonic travel particularly inefficient, which poses a serious problem. == Abatement == In the late 1950s when SST designs were being actively pursued, it was thought that although the boom would be very large, they could avoid problems by flying higher. This premise was proven false when the North American B-70 ''Valkyrie'' started flying and it was found that the boom was a very real problem even at 70,000&nbsp;ft (21,000m). It was during these tests that the N-wave was first characterized. Richard Seebass and his colleague Albert George at Cornell University studied the problem extensively, and eventually defined a "figure of merit", '''FM''', to characterize the sonic boom levels of different aircraft. FM is proportional to the aircraft weight divided by the three-halves of the aircraft length, FM = W/(3/2·L) = 2W/3L. The lower this value, the less boom the aircraft generates, with figures of about 1 or lower being considered acceptable. Using this calculation they found FM's of about 1.4 for Concorde, and 1.9 for the Boeing 2707. This eventually doomed most SST projects as public resentment, somewhat blown out of proportion, mixed with politics eventually resulted in laws that made any such aircraft impractical (flying only over water for instance). Seebass-George also worked on the problem from another angle, examining ways to reduce the "peaks" of the N-wave and therefore smooth out the shock into something less annoying. Their theory suggested that body shaping might be able to use the secondary shocks to either "spread out" the N-wave, or interfere with each other to the same end. Ideally this would raise the characteristic altitude from 40,000&nbsp;ft to 60,000, which is where most SST designs fly. The design required some fairly sophisticated shaping in order to achieve the dual needs of reducing the shock and still leaving an aerodynamically efficient shape, and therefore had to wait for the advent of computer-aided design before being able to be built. This remained untested for decades, until DARPA started the '''Quiet Supersonic Platform''' project and funded the '''Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration''' aircraft to test it. SSBD used a F-5 Freedom Fighter modified with a new body shape, and was tested over a two year period in what has become the most extensive study on the sonic boom to date. After measuring the 1,300 recordings, some taken inside the shock wave by a chase plane, the SSBD demonstrated a reduction in boom by about one-third. Although one-third is not a huge reduction, it could reduce Concorde below the FM = 1 limit for instance. There are theoretical designs that do not appear to create sonic booms at all, such as the Busemann's Biplane. Nobody has been able to suggest a practical implementation of this concept, as yet. == Perception and noise == The sound of a sonic boom depends largely on the distance between the observer and the aircraft producing the sonic boom. A sonic boom is usually heard as a deep double "boom" as the aircraft is usually some distance away. However, as those who have witnessed landings of space shuttles have heard, when the aircraft is nearby the sonic boom is a sharper "bang" or "crack". The sound is much like the "aerial bombs" used at firework displays. In 1964, NASA and the FAA began the Oklahoma City sonic boom tests, which caused eight sonic booms per day over a period of six months. Valuable data was gathered from the experiment, but 15,000 complaints were generated and ultimately entangled the government in a class action lawsuit, which it lost on appeal in 1969. In late October 2005, Israel began using nighttime sonic boom raids against civilian populations in the Gaza Strip [http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,2763,1607450,00.html] as a method of psychological warfare. The practice was condemned by the United Nations. A senior Israeli army intelligence source said the tactic was intended to break civilian support for armed Palestinian groups. == Media == These videos include jets achieving supersonic speeds. [[Media:Yeager supersonic flight 1947.ogv|First supersonic flight]] ([[:File:Yeager supersonic flight 1947.ogv|info]]) :Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier on October 14, 1947 in the Bell X-1. [[Media:F-14 Tomcat sonic boom.ogg|F-14 Tomcat sonic boom flyby (with audio)]] ([[:File:F-14 Tomcat sonic boom.ogg|info]]) :F-14 Tomcat flies at Mach 1 over the water, creating a sonic boom as it passes. [[Media:F-14A Tomcat supersonic flyby, 1986.ogg|F-14A Tomcat supersonic flyby]] ([[:File:F-14A Tomcat supersonic flyby, 1986.ogg|info]]) :Supersonic F-14A Tomcat flying by the USS Theodore Roosevelt CVN-71 in 1986 for the tiger cruise. [[Media:Shuttle Columbia sound barrier.ogg|Shuttle passes sound barrier]] ([[:File:Shuttle Columbia sound barrier.ogg|info]]) :Space shuttle Columbia crosses the sound barrier at 45 seconds after liftoff. == External links == * [http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0309/06supersonic/ NASA opens new chapter in supersonic flight] * "[http://fluidmech.net/tutorials/sonic/sonicboom.htm Sonic Boom]," a tutorial from the "[http://fluidmech.net/tutorials/sonic/sonicboom-intro.htm Sonic Boom, Sound Barrier, and Condensation Clouds]" (or "Sonic Boom, Sound Barrier, and Prandtl-Glauert Condensation Clouds") collection of tutorials by Mark S. Cramer, Ph.D. at http://FluidMech.net (Tutorials, Sound Barrier). * [http://www.makeitlouder.com/Decibel%20Level%20Chart.txt decibel chart including sonic booms] {{Chapter navigation|Car Mufflers|Sonar|Acoustics (book)}} ngrwchq0sbmrcf47pn2p11mw8jlkkvi 0 72624 4673575 4436441 2026-10-02T06:20:08Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 This lesson teaches too many grammatical concepts in one lesson; a distribution of information may be required. 4673575 wikitext text/x-wiki == Grammar in general == For the beginning learner, it is probably easiest just to remember phrases, rather than concentrating on grammar. But in the long run, learning about the grammar will help you learn faster. It should be noted that ''grammars'' are full of exceptions. A grammar portrays an academic viewpoint of a language - but any language is spoken by many people, in many places, and many times. Artifacts creep in, or the grammarian poorly understands the reality, or takes shortcuts and gets things "mostly right." A grammar is a tool, but it is not "always right". Most concepts for a tourist, or for rudimentary survival can be conveyed with simple sentences, a simple grammar, and a simple vocabulary. ''I want this.'' ''Jim is tall.'' This structure in English is, more or less, the familiar "Subject-Verb-Object" construction. A more robust, more efficient sentence, that can convey complex thought quickly, requires a more complicated grammar. ''I bought the new magazine at the news stand on the corner.'' — ''The magazine is new.'' ''I bought it at the news stand.'' ''The news stand is on the corner.'' The same idea is conveyed, but the "simpler" structure is actually quite confusing unless someone is prepared to assemble the ideas. ==Notes on Vocabulary== Though Ukrainian shares much of its vocabulary with Polish or Russian (all differing in their pronunciation though), there are also many original Ukrainian words that are not to be found in neither Russian nor Polish, as for example Ukrainian ''koly'' - when, ''inkoly'', ''dekoly'' - sometimes, ''lyudyna'' - human, ''zirka'' - star, or ''Traven'' - May. Ukrainian names for months are Slavic, all connected with natural as phenomenons as blossoming, grass, snow storm, frost, lime, harvesting, leaves-falling (just as in Czech or Croatian): Sichen (January); Lutyi (February); Berezen (March); Kviten (April); Traven (May); Cherven (June); Lypen (July); 8. Serpen (August); Veresen (September); Zhovten (October); Lystopad (November) and Hruden (December). At the same time neighbouring Russian language uses Latin names for months. Ukrainian ''koly'' - when (not found in Russian or Polish) is to be found also in Serbo-Croatian. On other hand such nouns as ''kavun'' (melon), ''leleka'' (stork), ''maydan'' (square), ''kolyba'' (hut), ''chaban'' (sheperd) etc. are of Turkic origin. == Case system == In English, we use a structure like "subject verb direct-object indirect-object prepositional-phrase..." The position of a word impacts its meaning in a sentence. Changing the position of a word can be confusing. The well known phrase "Throw papa down the stairs his hat." illustrates the point. Ukrainian, Russian, Belarusian and most Slavic languages in general, being synthetic languages, employ a different means of illustrating the relationship between words. This is called "case". The ending of a word changes to reflect its function. The case system was present in the Proto-Indo-European language, but some languages have lost it. In Modern English there are only two noun cases (Common and Genitive), though pronouns show a few relics of case (I/me, she/her, who/whom). It is because category of case in the English language is almost lost, while it was present in the past. The loss of cases took place in some Slavic languages as well: in Bulgarian and Macedonian there are only two cases (Nominative and Vocative). Ukrainian kept the case system. In fact, there is a Vocative case in Ukrainian that is almost fully extinct in very closely related Russian and Belorussian (the latter two preserved it only in old phrases, typically of religious character). While it makes language a bit more complicated, the word order allows you to express different shades of meaning by changing the word order without changing the sense of the sentence in general. Changing the word order only slightly alters the meaning of the sentence. Look at these examples: {| | ''Ukrainian'' || ''English'' |- | Я чита́ю кни́гу. || I read a/the book. |- | Я чита́ю ''кни́гу''. (Other intonation) || I read ''a/the book'' (It's the book (or some book) what I read). |- | Кни́гу чита́ю я. || ''I'' read the book (It’s me who reads the book). |- | Кни́гу я чита́ю. || I ''read'' the book (It’s reading what I do with the book). |} Of course, intonation is more important than word order, but it does play an important role. What is the word order in Ukrainian? Usually there is repeating the question first, and then giving the answer. In English, when we want to swap the object and the subject, we just move them to the proper place. In Ukrainian, we have to change endings of a noun. So, ''The book reads me.'' will be ''Мене́ чита́є кни́га.'' (or ''Кни́га чита́є мене́.'' and other variants). The word ''я'' turned into ''мене́'', just like Englsh ''I'' became ''me'', and the word ''книгу'' became ''книга''. As you can see, nouns change only endings and can still be recognized. Pronouns are typically omitted in the present and future tenses due to context, as the verb stem indicates who performs the action, i.e, '''я чита́ю''' ("I read"), can be shortened to just '''чита́ю''' and so forth. This is not so when talking about the past tense, as these agree with the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and number (singular or plural), so the pronoun is necessary there. == What does every case mean == ''Nominative case'' (Називни́й ві́дмі́нок) is used for the subject of the sentence. What we consider the subject of a sentence will generally be in "nominative" (naming) case - the form of a word that is found in a dictionary. The object of a sentence will generally be in ''accusative'' case. There are several models for accusative formation. In masculine and neuter for things that are not alive, the accusative and the nominative have the same form; for things that are alive the accusative and the genitive have the same form. That rule doesn't work with feminine (and a few masculine) nouns. Accusative and nominative cases can be easily confused for the non-native speaker, but it is very important to understand them, because the order of words in the sentence does not indicate what is a subject and what is an object. Anyway, you can say "студент читає журнал" ("A student reads a magazine") or "журнал (pause here) читає студент" ("A magazine reads a student" has to be "журнал читає студента"). Compare: :Я візьму велику цукерку, а ти - маленьку. ::I'll get the big candy, and you'll get the small one. "Маленьку" is an accusative adjective, so that it refers to the object "сandy". The words "will get", "candy" are clear from the context. :Я візьму велику цукерку, а ти - маленька. ::I'll get a big candy, and you are small girl. "Маленька" is a nominative adjective, it refers to the subject "you", and it is a predicate "to be small". When a thing is taken away (whereof? - from me) ''genitive'' case is used. Genitive is also used for the direct object of a sentence if we're talking about a part of the object, or some number of objects, or its absence. That case is used with prepositions "from", "since" - "з", "від". There are double prepositions that are used with genitive, "з-під" - "from under". When a thing is given (to whom? - to me) another case is used - the ''dative'' case to show who gets it. When a thing accompanies, or is used, (with whom? - with me) another case is used, called the ''instrumental'' (the thing is instrumental in the action.) Prepositions "under", "behind" - "під", "за" and some others are used with nouns in the instrumental. Each preposition has its own quirk, but there is a ''prepositional'' (also called ''locative'') case used for locations - "in", "at", "on" - "в", "при", "на". For movement another case (frequently accusative) is used: ''у будинку'' - in house, ''у будинок'' - into house. Finally, a ''vocative'' case (who should listen? - calling a name) is used rarely in Russian, somewhat more in Ukrainian. The stereotypical phrase is invoking "my god" or "Bozhe Miy", or calling to Victor "Viktore." A word is modified to reflect whether it is a direct object, indirect object, and so forth. Бог (Boh, "God") The dictionary form of God is Boh, a "masculine" noun - as marked by the consonant ending. Grammatically, God would also be "animate." *Nom.: Бог (God) *Acc.: Бог'''а''' (God) *Gen.: Бог'''а''' (of God) *Instr. Бог'''ом''' (by means of God) *Voc.: Бо'''же''' (O God) Note, for a masculine ANIMATE object, accusative and Genitive HAVE THE SAME FORM -a *Nom.: журнал (magazine) *Acc.: журнал (magazine) *Gen.: журналу (of the magazine) *Instr.: журналом (using the magazine) *Loc.: журналі (on/in the magazine) Note, for a masculine lifeless or inanimate object, nominative and accusative have the same form, no ending. You see this in an example sentence below. The dictionary form of book is книга, a "feminine" noun, as denoted by the -a ending. I am reading a book (literally, I read book) — Я читаю книгу. The ending -u attached to a feminine noun implies Accusative case (direct object.) *Nom.: книг'''а''' *Acc.: книг'''у''' *Gen.: книг'''и''' *Instr.: книг'''ою''' *Loc.: книз'''і''' A point of emphasis - my example "I read book" uses SVO order. In Ukrainian it does not have to. "I book read" is equally valid. Я читаю книгу. — Я книгу читаю. Changing the word order MAY CHANGE EMPHASIS, but a beginning speaker should not worry greatly about this detail. You may see tables that reflect this sort of pattern, rather then spelling out the whole word. *Nominative knyha *Accusative -u *Genitive -y *Instrumental -oju *Locative -i This is important because there are 7 cases, and nouns, pronouns, and adjectives change in varying ways based on case (function) and gender. I am reading the new magazine. —Ya chytaju novyj zhurnal. Subject Verb Object, or Nominative Verb Accusative The adjective "new / novyj" is in accusative case - but you would not really note that, since for MASCULINE INANIMATE objects, nominative, and accusative have the same general form. ==Pronouns== In English we see a fairly simple shift in pronouns I - me, he - him, she - her. In Ukrainian, pronouns shift with case much more dramatically. (remember, pronouns when referring to people are ANIMATE.) *Nominative - ja, ty, vin, vona, vono, my, vy, vony *Accusative - mene, tebe, joho, jiji, vono, nas, vas, jikh *Genitive - mene, tebe, joho, jiji, vono, nas, vas, jikh *Dative - meni, tobi, jomu, jiji, jomu, nam, vam, jim *Instrumental - mnoju, toboju, nym, neju, nym, namy, vamy, nymy *Locative - mene, tebe, n'omu, n'ij, n'omu, nas, vas, jikh It is important for a beginning speaker to remember some basic patterns for LISTENING COMPREHENSION. Ya (I) in all other cases will wind up begining with an M. If a speaker says mene, meni, mnoju... the important thing is probably that they are referring to themselves. Ty (you) in all other cases will wind up beginning with an T. If a speaker says tebe, tobi, toboju... the important thing is probably that they are referring to YOU. Number - things generally have number, one, few, many, uncountable. In English, things like sugar, or milk are considered uncountable. We often use words like "some" or "a bit" to indicate that these things are hard to count. Ukrainian will treat this a little differently. Similarly, nouns have grammatical gender - masculine, feminine, neuter - and often this "gender" reflects a real gender, the word for a male horse is masculine. However, this grammatical gender is not real. Some words have a grammatical gender that is actually opposite of their real gender. Other words have a gender that cannot be guessed, but rather must be memorized. For the beginning learner, it is probably easiest just to remember phrases, rather than concentrating on grammar. But in the long run, learning about the grammar will help you learn faster. ===Real Sentences=== I would like a cup of tea, please. — Ya khochu chashku chayu, proshu. Where is the bathroom? — De laznychka? This is my luggage. — Tse mij bagazh. I would like to buy the white tennis shoes. — Ya khochu kupyty bili snikeri. Ukrainian is a Indo-European and (east) Slavic language, with significant Polish, Russian, German, and other influences. In the literary era, some French vocabulary was adopted. As empires rose and fell other languages influenced Ukrainian. In the television era some English vocabulary was adopted, and so forth. Modern usage will reflect ALL OF THESE SOURCES to one degree or another. A beginning learner may find few free resources. For grammar, Russian resources are relevant although there are differences between Russian and Ukrainian. Russian grammar and vocabulary are widely used and understood. Polish vocabulary may also be consulted for comparison, but generally this is probably an advanced task. ) "Ukrainian case endings are somewhat different from Old East Slavic, and the vocabulary includes a large overlay of Polish terminology. Russian na pervom etazhe "on the first floor" is in the prepositional case. The Ukrainian corresponding expression is na pershomu poversi. -omu is the standard locative (prepositional) ending, but variants in -im are common in dialect and poetry, and allowed by the standards bodies. The x of Ukrainian poverx has mutated into s under the influence of the soft vowel i (k is similarly mutable into ts in final positions). Ukrainian is the only modern East Slavic language which preserves the vocative case." from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language == Declination models == === 1st substantive declination === Feminine and masculine. '''N.''' -а (-я) '''A.''' -у (-ю) '''G.''' -и (-і, -ї) '''D. & L.''' -і (-ї) '''I.''' -ою (-ею, -єю) '''V.:''' # -о (-е, -є) # (caressing) -ю === 2nd substantive declination === Masculine and neutral. '''N. & A.''' - (-о, -е, -я) '''G. & A.''' -а (-я) '''G.''' (amorphous) -у (-ю) '''D. & L.:''' # (long) -ові (-еві, -єві) # (short) -у (-ю) '''L.''' -і (-ї) '''I.''' -ом (-ем, -єм, -ям) '''V.:''' # -у (-ю) # -е === 3rd substantive declination === Feminine '''N. & A.''' - '''G.''' -і (often pronounced as -и) '''D. & L.''' -і '''I.''' -ю '''V.''' -е === 4th substantive declination === Neutral with suffixes -ен-, -ят- (-ат-) being able to be missing. '''N., A. & V.''' -я (-а) '''G.''' -ен-і, -ят-и (-ат-и) '''D. & L.''' -ен-і, -ят-і (-ат-і) '''I.''' -ен-ем, -ям (-ам) === Plural substantive declination === '''N., A. & V.''' (feminine & masculine) -и (-і, -ї) '''N., A. & V.''' (neutral) -а (-я) '''G. & A.:''' # (feminine & neutral) - # (masculine) -ів (-їв) # (3rd declination) -ей '''L.''' -ах (-ях) '''D.''' -ам (-ям) '''I.''' -ами (-ями, some words have -има) === Nonfeminine adjective declination === '''N. & A.:''' # (masculine) -ий (-ій, -їй) # (neutral) -е (-є) '''G. & A.''' -ого (-ього, -його) '''D. & L.''' -ому (-ьому, -йому, pronouns also with -єму) '''L.''' -ім (-їм) '''I.''' -им (-ім, -їм) === Feminine adjective declination === '''N.''' -а (-я) '''A.''' -у (-ю) '''G.''' -ої (-ьої, -йої, pronouns also with -єї) '''D. & L.''' -ій (-їй) '''I.''' -ою (-ьою, -йою, pronouns also with -єю) === Plural adjective declination === '''N. & A.''' -і '''G., A. & L.''' -их (-іх, -їх) '''D.''' -им (-ім, -їм) '''I.''' -ими (-іми, -їми) === Declination of the cardinal numerals === For most of the numerals. '''N. & A.''' - '''G., A. & L.''' # -ох (-ьох) # -и '''D.''' # -ом (-ьом) # -и '''I.''' # -ома (-ьома) # -ма (-ьма) ==Verb== ===Aspect=== The aspect is an important property of Ukrainian verbs. Unlike English the Ukrainian aspect is not a form of the verb. Probably you never say "he is knowing" but formally this form is correct, any English verb may be in indefinite, continuous, or perfect form ("to do", "to be doing", "to have done", moreover "to have been doing"); in Ukrainian each verb (almost each, actually there are few unmarked verbs) is either perfective or imperfective verb. Just like any Ukrainian noun has the gender: you can't say "he is a cow" - the cow is ''"she"'', the ''bull'' is "he" (N.B.: not "it"!). Thats why you can see in a Ukrainian dictionary two translations for one English verb. They are actually translations for "to be doing" and "to have done". Another important difference is that Ukrainian perfective is not English perfect, it is an ''aoristic'' perfective. The imperfect verbs in Ukrainian are state-words. Action, inactivity, periodical activity... and a result of action too. The perfect verbs are event-words. State changed. And this moment when it changes is the meaning of the word. That's why perfect verbs have not present tense! If something is changed right now it's a state of changing, not an event. Ukrainian verb has two stems. For not to be confused which one is first, which one is second, lets call they a personal and an impersonal stem (you'll see why). The impersonal stem is the basis for infinitive, past and conditional forms. The personal stem is the basis for imperative and ''imperfect'' present or ''perfect'' future form. Finally imperfect future is a synthetic form that combines the significant infinitive with the auxiliary verb. Only one imperfect verb has a simple future form, the verb "to be" - "бути", and that is the auxiliary verb we have talked. Let's add the endings to the stems... ==References== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_grammar/ Ukrainian Grammar in Wikipedia] [http://ukrainiangrammar.com/ A website dedicated to Ukrainian Grammar] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language Ukrainian language] [https://www.ukma.edu.ua/eng/ufl/beginner.htm Ukrainian for beginners] {{BookCat}} qxtyiqfem619twjymj90ilq1pb3cjkm 0 77318 4673498 4661179 2026-10-01T16:52:03Z ILYA125467 3627024 Unicode 18.0 already released. 4673498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unicode page}} {| |- style="vertical-align:middle" | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="border:1px solid #ced8df;margin:0 0 0 1.5em; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center" lang="en" |-style="text-align:center" !style="background:#ccf;{{Text default color}};" colspan="14"|[[Unicode/Character reference|Unicode characters]] |-style="text-align:center" !colspan="1" style="background:#efefef;{{Text default color}};"|{{H:title|Basic Multilingual Plane|BMP}} !colspan="1" 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reference/37000-37FFF|37000–37FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/E7000-E7FFF|E7000–E7FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/F7000-F7FFF|F7000–F7FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/107000-107FFF|107000–107FFF]] |-style="font-size:83%;text-align:center" |[[Unicode/Character reference/8000-8FFF|8000–8FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/18000-18FFF|18000–18FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/28000-28FFF|28000–28FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/38000-38FFF|38000–38FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/E8000-E8FFF|E8000–E8FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/F8000-F8FFF|F8000–F8FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/108000-108FFF|108000–108FFF]] |-style="font-size:83%;text-align:center" |[[Unicode/Character reference/9000-9FFF|9000–9FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/19000-19FFF|19000–19FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/29000-29FFF|29000–29FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/39000-39FFF|39000–39FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/E9000-E9FFF|E9000–E9FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/F9000-F9FFF|F9000–F9FFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/109000-109FFF|109000–109FFF]] |-style="font-size:83%;text-align:center" |[[Unicode/Character reference/A000-AFFF|A000–AFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/1A000-1AFFF|1A000–1AFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/2A000-2AFFF|2A000–2AFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/3A000-3AFFF|3A000–3AFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/EA000-EAFFF|EA000–EAFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/FA000-FAFFF|FA000–FAFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/10A000-10AFFF|10A000–10AFFF]] |-style="font-size:83%;text-align:center" |[[Unicode/Character reference/B000-BFFF|B000–BFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/1B000-1BFFF|1B000–1BFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/2B000-2BFFF|2B000–2BFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/3B000-3BFFF|3B000–3BFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/EB000-EBFFF|EB000–EBFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/FB000-FBFFF|FB000–FBFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/10B000-10BFFF|10B000–10BFFF]] |-style="font-size:83%;text-align:center" |[[Unicode/Character reference/C000-CFFF|C000–CFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/1C000-1CFFF|1C000–1CFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/2C000-2CFFF|2C000–2CFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/3C000-3CFFF|3C000–3CFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/EC000-ECFFF|EC000–ECFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/FC000-FCFFF|FC000–FCFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/10C000-10CFFF|10C000–10CFFF]] |-style="font-size:83%;text-align:center" |[[Unicode/Character reference/D000-DFFF|D000–DFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/1D000-1DFFF|1D000–1DFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/2D000-2DFFF|2D000–2DFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/3D000-3DFFF|3D000–3DFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/ED000-EDFFF|ED000–EDFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/FD000-FDFFF|FD000–FDFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/10D000-10DFFF|10D000–10DFFF]] |-style="font-size:83%;text-align:center" |[[Unicode/Character reference/E000-EFFF|E000–EFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/1E000-1EFFF|1E000–1EFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/2E000-2EFFF|2E000–2EFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/3E000-3EFFF|3E000–3EFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/EE000-EEFFF|EE000–EEFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/FE000-FEFFF|FE000–FEFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/10E000-10EFFF|10E000–10EFFF]] |- style="font-size:83%;text-align:center" |[[Unicode/Character reference/F000-FFFF|F000–FFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF|1F000–1FFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/2F000-2FFFF|2F000–2FFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/3F000-3FFFF|3F000–3FFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/EF000-EFFFF|EF000–EFFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/FF000-FFFFF|FF000–FFFFF]] |[[Unicode/Character reference/10F000-10FFFF|10F000–10FFFF]] |} | {{center/top}} {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;margin:0 0 0 4em;" |- style="text-align:center" !colspan="5"|Legend: |- style="text-align:center" <!-- :) means that the template is consistently-used, :( means it isn't.--> |style="{{1.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 1.0|Unicode&nbsp;1.0]] |style="{{1.0.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 1.0.1|Unicode&nbsp;1.0.1]] |style="{{1.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 1.1|Unicode&nbsp;1.1]] |style="{{2.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 2.0|Unicode&nbsp;2.0]]<!-- :( --> |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{2.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 2.1|Unicode&nbsp;2.1]] |style="{{3.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 3.0|Unicode&nbsp;3.0]] |style="{{3.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 3.1|Unicode&nbsp;3.1]] |style="{{3.2}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 3.2|Unicode&nbsp;3.2]] |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{4.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 4.0|Unicode&nbsp;4.0]] |style="{{4.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 4.1|Unicode&nbsp;4.1]] |style="{{5.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 5.0|Unicode&nbsp;5.0]] |style="{{5.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 5.1|Unicode&nbsp;5.1]] |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{5.2}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 5.2|Unicode&nbsp;5.2]]<!-- :( --> |style="{{6.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 6.0|Unicode&nbsp;6.0]] |style="{{6.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 6.1|Unicode&nbsp;6.1]] |style="{{6.2}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 6.2|Unicode&nbsp;6.2]] |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{6.3}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 6.3|Unicode&nbsp;6.3]] |style="{{7.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 7.0|Unicode&nbsp;7.0]] |style="{{8.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 8.0|Unicode&nbsp;8.0]] |style="{{9.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 9.0|Unicode&nbsp;9.0]] |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{10.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 10.0|Unicode&nbsp;10.0]] |style="{{11.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 11.0|Unicode&nbsp;11.0]] |style="{{12.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 12.0|Unicode&nbsp;12.0]] |style="{{12.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 12.1|Unicode&nbsp;12.1]] |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{13.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 13.0|Unicode&nbsp;13.0]] |style="{{14.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 14.0|Unicode&nbsp;14.0]] |style="{{15.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 15.0|Unicode&nbsp;15.0]] |style="{{15.1}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 15.1|Unicode&nbsp;15.1]] |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{16.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 16.0|Unicode&nbsp;16.0]] |style="{{17.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 17.0|Unicode&nbsp;17.0]] |style="{{18.0}}"|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 18.0|Unicode&nbsp;18.0]] |style="{{19.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2027.|Unicode&nbsp;19.0}} |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{20.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2028.|Unicode&nbsp;20.0}} |style="{{21.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2029.|Unicode&nbsp;21.0}} |style="{{22.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2030.|Unicode&nbsp;22.0}} |style="{{23.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2031.|Unicode&nbsp;23.0}} |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{24.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2032.|Unicode&nbsp;24.0}} |style="{{25.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2033.|Unicode&nbsp;25.0}} |style="{{26.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2034.|Unicode&nbsp;26.0}} |style="{{27.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2035.|Unicode&nbsp;27.0}} |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{28.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2036.|Unicode&nbsp;28.0}} |style="{{29.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2037.|Unicode&nbsp;29.0}} |style="{{30.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2038.|Unicode&nbsp;30.0}} |style="{{31.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2039.|Unicode&nbsp;31.0}} |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{32.0}};color:white"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2040.|Unicode&nbsp;32.0}} |style="{{33.0}};color:black"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2041.|Unicode&nbsp;33.0}} |style="{{34.0}};color:black"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2042.|Unicode&nbsp;34.0}} |style="{{35.0}};color:black"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2043.|Unicode&nbsp;35.0}} |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{36.0}};color:black"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2044.|Unicode&nbsp;36.0}} |style="{{37.0}};color:black"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2045.|Unicode&nbsp;37.0}} |style="{{38.0}};color:black"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2046.|Unicode&nbsp;38.0}} |style="{{39.0}};color:black"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2047.|Unicode&nbsp;39.0}} |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{40.0}};color:black"|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2048.|Unicode&nbsp;40.0}} | | | |- style="text-align:center" |style="{{pua}}"|Private Use<!-- :( --> |style="{{sur}}"|Surrogate<!-- :( --> |style="{{res}};color:#ffffff"|Reserved |style="{{nch}};color:#ffffff"|Noncharacter |} {{center/end}} |} '''Note:''' Unicode character visualization will depend on the character support of your web browser and the fonts installed on your system. <noinclude> {{BookCat}}</noinclude> kpxse091119a6z36w6px4thq3rxjyhf 0 77323 4673500 4672453 2026-10-01T17:06:57Z ILYA125467 3627024 Removed 2 "18.0" characters from Bengali, as they weren't actually added. 4673500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Basic Latin''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|000x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NULL|[NUL]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF HEADING|[SOH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF TEXT|[STX]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF TEXT|[ETX]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF TRANSMISSION|[EOT]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; ENQUIRY|[ENQ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; ACKNOWLEDGE|[ACK]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; BELL|[BEL]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; BACKSPACE|[BS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CHARACTER TABULATION|[HT]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; LINE FEED|[LF]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; LINE TABULATION|[VT]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; FORM FEED|[FF]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CARRIAGE RETURN|[CR]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SHIFT OUT|[SO]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SHIFT IN|[SI]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|001x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DATA LINK ESCAPE|[DLE]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL ONE|[DC1]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL TWO|[DC2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL THREE|[DC3]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL FOUR|[DC4]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|[NAK]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SYNCHRONOUS IDLE|[SYN]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|[ETB]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CANCEL|[CAN]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF MEDIUM|[EM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SUBSTITUTE|[SUB]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; ESCAPE|[ESC]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR|[FS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE|[GS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO|[RS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE|[US]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|002x |style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPACE|[SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUOTATION MARK|&#x22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SIGN|&#x23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOLLAR SIGN|&#x24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERCENT SIGN|&#x25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMPERSAND|&#x26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APOSTROPHE|&#x27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISK|&#x2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN|&#x2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMA|&#x2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN-MINUS|&#x2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL STOP|&#x2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLASH|&#x2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|003x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ZERO|&#x30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE|&#x31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO|&#x32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE|&#x33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR|&#x34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE|&#x35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX|&#x36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN|&#x37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT|&#x38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE|&#x39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON|&#x3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMICOLON|&#x3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN SIGN|&#x3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN|&#x3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN SIGN|&#x3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTION MARK|&#x3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|004x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMERCIAL AT|&#x40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|005x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET|&#x5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLASH|&#x5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET|&#x5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW LINE|&#x5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|006x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRAVE ACCENT|&#x60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|007x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET|&#x7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE|&#x7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET|&#x7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE|&#x7e;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DELETE|[DEL]}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Latin-1 Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|008x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PADDING CHARACTER|[PAD]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; HIGH OCTET PRESET|[HOP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; BREAK PERMITTED HERE|[BPH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NO BREAK HERE|[NBH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INDEX|[IND]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NEXT LINE|[NEL]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF SELECTED AREA|[SSA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF SELECTED AREA|[ESA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CHARACTER TABULATION SET|[HTS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION|[HTJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; LINE TABULATION SET|[VTS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PARTIAL LINE FORWARD|[PLD]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD|[PLU]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; REVERSE LINE FEED|[RI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE SHIFT TWO|[SS2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE SHIFT THREE|[SS3]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|009x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL STRING|[DCS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVATE USE ONE|[PU1]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVATE USE TWO|[PU2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SET TRANSMIT STATE|[STS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CANCEL CHARACTER|[CCH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; MESSAGE WAITING|[MW]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF GUARDED AREA|[SPA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF GUARDED AREA|[EPA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF STRING|[SOS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER|[SGCI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER|[SCI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER|[CSI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; STRING TERMINATOR|[ST]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND|[OSC]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVACY MESSAGE|[PM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND|[APC]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Ax |style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NO-BREAK SPACE|[NBSP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#xa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENT SIGN|&#xa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POUND SIGN|&#xa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURRENCY SIGN|&#xa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEN SIGN|&#xa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN BAR|&#xa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTION SIGN|&#xa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAERESIS|&#xa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPYRIGHT SIGN|&#xa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR|&#xaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#xab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SIGN|&#xac;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFT HYPHEN|[SHY -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGISTERED SIGN|&#xae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MACRON|&#xaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE SIGN|&#xb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS-MINUS SIGN|&#xb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT TWO|&#xb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT THREE|&#xb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ACCENT|&#xb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICRO SIGN|&#xb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PILCROW SIGN|&#xb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDDLE DOT|&#xb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDILLA|&#xb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ONE|&#xb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR|&#xba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#xbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED QUESTION MARK|&#xbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE|&#xc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE|&#xc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE|&#xc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#xc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE|&#xc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE|&#xc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA|&#xc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE|&#xc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE|&#xc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#xcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#xcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE|&#xcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#xcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH|&#xd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE|&#xd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE|&#xd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE|&#xd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE|&#xd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#xd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN|&#xd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE|&#xd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE|&#xd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE|&#xda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#xdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE|&#xdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN|&#xde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S|&#xdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE|&#xe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE|&#xe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE|&#xe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#xe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE|&#xe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE|&#xe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA|&#xe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE|&#xe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE|&#xe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#xeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#xec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE|&#xed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#xef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH|&#xf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE|&#xf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE|&#xf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE|&#xf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE|&#xf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#xf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SIGN|&#xf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE|&#xf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE|&#xf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE|&#xfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#xfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE|&#xfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN|&#xfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS|&#xff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|010x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON|&#x100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON|&#x101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK|&#x104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK|&#x105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH ACUTE|&#x106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE|&#x107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON|&#x10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON|&#x10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON|&#x10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON|&#x10f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|011x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE|&#x110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE|&#x111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON|&#x112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON|&#x113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH BREVE|&#x114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH BREVE|&#x115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK|&#x118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK|&#x119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CARON|&#x11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON|&#x11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE|&#x11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE|&#x11f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|012x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA|&#x122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA|&#x123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE|&#x126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE|&#x127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE|&#x128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE|&#x129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH BREVE|&#x12c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH BREVE|&#x12d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK|&#x12e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK|&#x12f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|013x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I|&#x131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ|&#x132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ|&#x133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA|&#x136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA|&#x137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA|&#x138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH ACUTE|&#x139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE|&#x13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA|&#x13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA|&#x13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON|&#x13d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON|&#x13e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x13f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|014x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE|&#x141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE|&#x142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH ACUTE|&#x143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE|&#x144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA|&#x145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA|&#x146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CARON|&#x147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON|&#x148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE|&#x149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ENG|&#x14a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG|&#x14b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON|&#x14c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON|&#x14d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH BREVE|&#x14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH BREVE|&#x14f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|015x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE|&#x152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE|&#x153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH ACUTE|&#x154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE|&#x155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA|&#x156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA|&#x157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON|&#x158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON|&#x159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE|&#x15a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE|&#x15b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x15c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x15d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA|&#x15e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA|&#x15f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|016x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON|&#x160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON|&#x161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA|&#x162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA|&#x163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON|&#x164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON|&#x165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH STROKE|&#x166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE|&#x167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE|&#x168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE|&#x169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x16a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x16b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE|&#x16c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE|&#x16d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE|&#x16e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE|&#x16f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|017x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK|&#x172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK|&#x173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS|&#x178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE|&#x179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE|&#x17a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x17b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x17e;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S|&#x17f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|018x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH STROKE|&#x180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH HOOK|&#x181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR|&#x182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR|&#x183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE SIX|&#x184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE SIX|&#x185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN O|&#x186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH HOOK|&#x187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK|&#x188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AFRICAN D|&#x189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH HOOK|&#x18a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR|&#x18b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR|&#x18c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED DELTA|&#x18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED E|&#x18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA|&#x18f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|019x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN E|&#x190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH HOOK|&#x191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK|&#x192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH HOOK|&#x193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|&#x194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HV|&#x195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IOTA|&#x196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE|&#x197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH HOOK|&#x198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK|&#x199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BAR|&#x19a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE|&#x19b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED M|&#x19c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x19d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG|&#x19e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x19f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN|&#x1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN|&#x1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GHA|&#x1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GHA|&#x1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH HOOK|&#x1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH HOOK|&#x1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER YR|&#x1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE TWO|&#x1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE TWO|&#x1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH|&#x1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP|&#x1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH HOOK|&#x1ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK|&#x1ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN|&#x1af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN|&#x1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON|&#x1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH HOOK|&#x1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK|&#x1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK|&#x1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH STROKE|&#x1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH STROKE|&#x1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH|&#x1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH REVERSED|&#x1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH REVERSED|&#x1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH TAIL|&#x1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER TWO WITH STROKE|&#x1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE FIVE|&#x1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE FIVE|&#x1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER WYNN|&#x1bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK|&#x1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK|&#x1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER ALVEOLAR CLICK|&#x1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK|&#x1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON|&#x1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON|&#x1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LJ|&#x1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J|&#x1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LJ|&#x1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER NJ|&#x1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J|&#x1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ|&#x1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CARON|&#x1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CARON|&#x1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CARON|&#x1cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CARON|&#x1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CARON|&#x1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CARON|&#x1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CARON|&#x1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CARON|&#x1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE|&#x1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE|&#x1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON|&#x1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON|&#x1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE|&#x1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE|&#x1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED E|&#x1dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON|&#x1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON|&#x1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH STROKE|&#x1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE|&#x1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CARON|&#x1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON|&#x1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CARON|&#x1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON|&#x1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK|&#x1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK|&#x1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON|&#x1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON|&#x1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH WITH CARON|&#x1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON|&#x1ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CARON|&#x1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ|&#x1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z|&#x1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ|&#x1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH ACUTE|&#x1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH ACUTE|&#x1f5;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HWAIR|&#x1f6;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN|&#x1f7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH GRAVE|&#x1f8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE|&#x1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE|&#x1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE|&#x1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE|&#x1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE|&#x1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE|&#x1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE|&#x1ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|020x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|021x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x217;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x218;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x219;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x21a;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x21b;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH|&#x21c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH|&#x21d;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CARON|&#x21e;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON|&#x21f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|022x |style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG|&#x220;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CURL|&#x221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU|&#x222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OU|&#x223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH HOOK|&#x224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH HOOK|&#x225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA|&#x228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA|&#x229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON|&#x22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON|&#x22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x22f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|023x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x230;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x231;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON|&#x232;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON|&#x233;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CURL|&#x234;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CURL|&#x235;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CURL|&#x236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J|&#x237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DB DIGRAPH|&#x238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER QP DIGRAPH|&#x239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH STROKE|&#x23a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH STROKE|&#x23b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH STROKE|&#x23c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH BAR|&#x23d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#x23e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x23f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|024x |style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x240;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH STROKE|&#x243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U BAR|&#x244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED V|&#x245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH STROKE|&#x246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH STROKE|&#x247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH STROKE|&#x248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH STROKE|&#x249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SMALL Q WITH HOOK TAIL|&#x24a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK TAIL|&#x24b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH STROKE|&#x24c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH STROKE|&#x24d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH STROKE|&#x24e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH STROKE|&#x24f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''IPA Extensions''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|025x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED A|&#x250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA|&#x251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|&#x252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK|&#x253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O|&#x254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CURL|&#x255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL|&#x256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK|&#x257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED E|&#x258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&#x259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH HOOK|&#x25a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E|&#x25b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E|&#x25c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH HOOK|&#x25d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E|&#x25e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE|&#x25f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|026x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK|&#x260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G|&#x261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G|&#x262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN|&#x264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H|&#x265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK|&#x266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK|&#x267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE|&#x268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#x269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I|&#x26a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x26b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT|&#x26c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x26d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH|&#x26e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M|&#x26f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|027x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M WITH LONG LEG|&#x270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH HOOK|&#x271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N|&#x274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O|&#x275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE|&#x276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA|&#x277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI|&#x278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R|&#x279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH LONG LEG|&#x27a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH HOOK|&#x27b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG|&#x27c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TAIL|&#x27d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK|&#x27e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED R WITH FISHHOOK|&#x27f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|028x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R|&#x280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R|&#x281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK|&#x282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH|&#x283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SQUAT REVERSED ESH|&#x285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL|&#x286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T|&#x287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR|&#x289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON|&#x28a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK|&#x28b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V|&#x28c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED W|&#x28d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Y|&#x28e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y|&#x28f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|029x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CURL|&#x291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH|&#x292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CURL|&#x293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE|&#x295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C|&#x297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK|&#x298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B|&#x299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E|&#x29a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK|&#x29b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H|&#x29c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#x29d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K|&#x29e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L|&#x29f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK|&#x2a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x2a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x2a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH|&#x2a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH|&#x2a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x2a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH|&#x2a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH|&#x2a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x2a8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH|&#x2a9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH|&#x2aa;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH|&#x2ab;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BILABIAL PERCUSSIVE|&#x2ac;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BIDENTAL PERCUSSIVE|&#x2ad;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK|&#x2ae;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK AND TAIL|&#x2af;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H|&#x2b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK|&#x2b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J|&#x2b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R|&#x2b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R|&#x2b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK|&#x2b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R|&#x2b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W|&#x2b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y|&#x2b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER PRIME|&#x2b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME|&#x2ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA|&#x2bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE|&#x2bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA|&#x2bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING|&#x2be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING|&#x2bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD|&#x2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD|&#x2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD|&#x2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD|&#x2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARON|&#x2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE|&#x2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MACRON|&#x2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE|&#x2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON|&#x2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON|&#x2d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON|&#x2d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING|&#x2d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING|&#x2d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK|&#x2d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK|&#x2d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN|&#x2d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN|&#x2d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BREVE|&#x2d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT ABOVE|&#x2d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING ABOVE|&#x2da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGONEK|&#x2db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL TILDE|&#x2dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK|&nbsp;&#x2de;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT|&#x2df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA|&#x2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L|&#x2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S|&#x2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X|&#x2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR|&#x2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR|&#x2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR|&#x2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR|&#x2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR|&#x2e9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK|&#x2ea;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK|&#x2eb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER VOICING|&#x2ec;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED|&#x2ed;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE|&#x2ee;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOWN ARROWHEAD|&#x2ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW UP ARROWHEAD|&#x2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROWHEAD|&#x2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW RIGHT ARROWHEAD|&#x2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW RING|&#x2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE|&#x2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON|&#x2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN HIGH TONE|&#x2f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER END HIGH TONE|&#x2fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN LOW TONE|&#x2fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER END LOW TONE|&#x2fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SHELF|&#x2fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER OPEN SHELF|&#x2fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROW|&#x2ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|030x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE|&nbsp;&#x303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON|&nbsp;&#x304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OVERLINE|&nbsp;&#x305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BREVE|&nbsp;&#x306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DIAERESIS|&nbsp;&#x308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HOOK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x30b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CARON|&nbsp;&#x30c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x30f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|031x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CANDRABINDU|&nbsp;&#x310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BREVE|&nbsp;&#x311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x31a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HORN|&nbsp;&#x31b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING UP TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|032x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CEDILLA|&nbsp;&#x327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OGONEK|&nbsp;&#x328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CARON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|033x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LOW LINE|&nbsp;&#x332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE|&nbsp;&#x333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG STROKE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SQUARE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING X ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x33d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE|&nbsp;&#x33e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE OVERLINE|&nbsp;&#x33f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|034x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK|&nbsp;&#x340;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK|&nbsp;&#x341;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK PERISPOMENI|&nbsp;&#x342;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK KORONIS|&nbsp;&#x343;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS|&nbsp;&#x344;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI|&nbsp;&#x345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BRIDGE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING EQUALS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING NOT TILDE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HOMOTHETIC ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x34d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING UPWARDS ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x34e;}}||style="{{3.2}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER|[CGJ]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|035x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HALF RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FERMATA|&nbsp;&#x352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING X BELOW|&nbsp;&#x353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD AND UP ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x357;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT ABOVE RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x358;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x359;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35a;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ZIGZAG ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x35b;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE|&nbsp;&#x35d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON|&nbsp;&#x35e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|036x |style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE|&nbsp;&#x360;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE|&nbsp;&#x361;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE RIGHTWARDS ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&nbsp;&#x363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&nbsp;&#x364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&nbsp;&#x365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&nbsp;&#x366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&nbsp;&#x367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&nbsp;&#x368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&nbsp;&#x369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&nbsp;&#x36a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&nbsp;&#x36b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&nbsp;&#x36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&nbsp;&#x36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&nbsp;&#x36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&nbsp;&#x36f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Greek and Coptic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|037x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER HETA|&#x370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER HETA|&#x371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI|&#x372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI|&#x373;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK NUMERAL SIGN|&#x374;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN|&#x375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA|&#x376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA|&#x377;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x37a;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37b;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37c;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37d;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK QUESTION MARK|&#x37e;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT|&#x37f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|038x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TONOS|&#x384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS|&#x385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS|&#x386;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ANO TELEIA|&#x387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS|&#x389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS|&#x38a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS|&#x38c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x38e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS|&#x38f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|039x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS|&#x390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|&#x391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA|&#x392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|&#x393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA|&#x394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON|&#x395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA|&#x396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA|&#x397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA|&#x398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA|&#x399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA|&#x39a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA|&#x39b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU|&#x39c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU|&#x39d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI|&#x39e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON|&#x39f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI|&#x3a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO|&#x3a1;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA|&#x3a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU|&#x3a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON|&#x3a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI|&#x3a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI|&#x3a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI|&#x3a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA|&#x3a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS|&#x3ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x3ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS|&#x3ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS|&#x3af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS|&#x3b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA|&#x3b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA|&#x3b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x3b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA|&#x3b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON|&#x3b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA|&#x3b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA|&#x3b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA|&#x3b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#x3b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA|&#x3ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA|&#x3bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER MU|&#x3bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER NU|&#x3bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER XI|&#x3be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON|&#x3bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PI|&#x3c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO|&#x3c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA|&#x3c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA|&#x3c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU|&#x3c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON|&#x3c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI|&#x3c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI|&#x3c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI|&#x3c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA|&#x3c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS|&#x3cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x3cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS|&#x3ce;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL KAI SYMBOL|&#x3cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK BETA SYMBOL|&#x3d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK THETA SYMBOL|&#x3d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH ACUTE AND HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH DIAERESIS AND HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PHI SYMBOL|&#x3d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PI SYMBOL|&#x3d6;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KAI SYMBOL|&#x3d7;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA|&#x3d8;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA|&#x3d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER STIGMA|&#x3da;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA|&#x3db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER DIGAMMA|&#x3dc;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA|&#x3dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER KOPPA|&#x3de;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER KOPPA|&#x3df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SAMPI|&#x3e0;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SAMPI|&#x3e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHEI|&#x3e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHEI|&#x3e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FEI|&#x3e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FEI|&#x3e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHEI|&#x3e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHEI|&#x3e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HORI|&#x3e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HORI|&#x3e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GANGIA|&#x3ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GANGIA|&#x3eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHIMA|&#x3ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHIMA|&#x3ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DEI|&#x3ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DEI|&#x3ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL|&#x3f0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK RHO SYMBOL|&#x3f1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3f2;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER YOT|&#x3f3;}}||style="{{3.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL|&#x3f4;}}||style="{{3.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x3f5;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK REVERSED LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x3f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SHO|&#x3f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SHO|&#x3f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SAN|&#x3fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SAN|&#x3fb;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK RHO WITH STROKE SYMBOL|&#x3fc;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3fd;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3fe;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|040x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE|&#x400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO|&#x401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJE|&#x402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GJE|&#x403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE|&#x404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE|&#x405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI|&#x407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER JE|&#x408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE|&#x409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NJE|&#x40a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSHE|&#x40b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KJE|&#x40c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#x40d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT U|&#x40e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZHE|&#x40f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|041x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE|&#x411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE|&#x412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE|&#x413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE|&#x414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE|&#x415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE|&#x416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE|&#x417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I|&#x419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA|&#x41a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL|&#x41b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM|&#x41c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN|&#x41d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x41e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|&#x41f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|042x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER|&#x420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES|&#x421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE|&#x422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF|&#x424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA|&#x425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE|&#x426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE|&#x427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA|&#x429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|&#x42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#x42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|&#x42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA|&#x42f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|043x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A|&#x430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE|&#x431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE|&#x432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE|&#x433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE|&#x434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE|&#x435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE|&#x436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE|&#x437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I|&#x438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I|&#x439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA|&#x43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL|&#x43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM|&#x43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN|&#x43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O|&#x43e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE|&#x43f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|044x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER|&#x440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES|&#x441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE|&#x442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U|&#x443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF|&#x444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA|&#x445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE|&#x446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE|&#x447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA|&#x449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU|&#x44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#x44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E|&#x44d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU|&#x44e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA|&#x44f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|045x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE|&#x450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO|&#x451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJE|&#x452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE|&#x453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE|&#x454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE|&#x455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI|&#x457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE|&#x458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE|&#x459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE|&#x45a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE|&#x45b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE|&#x45c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#x45d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U|&#x45e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE|&#x45f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|046x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA|&#x460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA|&#x461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT|&#x462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT|&#x463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED E|&#x464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E|&#x465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LITTLE YUS|&#x466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LITTLE YUS|&#x467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS|&#x468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS|&#x469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x46a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x46b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS|&#x46c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS|&#x46d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|&#x46e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI|&#x46f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|047x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|&#x470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PSI|&#x471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|&#x472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER FITA|&#x473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK|&#x478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK|&#x479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA|&#x47a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA|&#x47b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO|&#x47c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO|&#x47d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OT|&#x47e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OT|&#x47f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|048x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA|&#x480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOPPA|&#x481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC THOUSANDS SIGN|&#x482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC TITLO|&nbsp;&#x483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC PALATALIZATION|&nbsp;&#x484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|&nbsp;&#x485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC PSILI PNEUMATA|&nbsp;&#x486;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC POKRYTIE|&nbsp;&#x487;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC HUNDRED THOUSANDS SIGN|&nbsp;&#x488;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC MILLIONS SIGN|&nbsp;&#x489;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL|&#x48a;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL|&#x48b;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN|&#x48c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN|&#x48d;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER WITH TICK|&#x48e;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER WITH TICK|&#x48f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|049x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN|&#x490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN|&#x491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE|&#x492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE|&#x493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER|&#x498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER|&#x499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER|&#x49a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER|&#x49b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x49c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x49d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH STROKE|&#x49e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH STROKE|&#x49f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BASHKIR KA|&#x4a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA|&#x4a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER|&#x4a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER|&#x4a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE EN GHE|&#x4a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE EN GHE|&#x4a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x4a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x4a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA|&#x4a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA|&#x4a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER|&#x4aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U|&#x4ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U|&#x4af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE|&#x4b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE|&#x4b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE TE TSE|&#x4b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE TE TSE|&#x4b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x4b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x4b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA|&#x4ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA|&#x4bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE|&#x4bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE|&#x4bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC LETTER PALOCHKA|&#x4c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE|&#x4c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE|&#x4c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH HOOK|&#x4c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH HOOK|&#x4c4;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH TAIL|&#x4c5;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH TAIL|&#x4c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH HOOK|&#x4c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH HOOK|&#x4c8;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH TAIL|&#x4c9;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH TAIL|&#x4ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE|&#x4cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE|&#x4cc;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM WITH TAIL|&#x4cd;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM WITH TAIL|&#x4ce;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PALOCHKA|&#x4cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE A IE|&#x4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE A IE|&#x4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH BREVE|&#x4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH BREVE|&#x4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA|&#x4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&#x4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE|&#x4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE|&#x4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O|&#x4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O|&#x4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4eb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ec;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x4ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4f6;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f9;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x4fa;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x4fb;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH HOOK|&#x4fc;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH HOOK|&#x4fd;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH STROKE|&#x4fe;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH STROKE|&#x4ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|050x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DE|&#x500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DE|&#x501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DJE|&#x502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DJE|&#x503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI ZJE|&#x504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI ZJE|&#x505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DZJE|&#x506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DZJE|&#x507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI LJE|&#x508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI LJE|&#x509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI NJE|&#x50a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI NJE|&#x50b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI SJE|&#x50c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI SJE|&#x50d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI TJE|&#x50e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI TJE|&#x50f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|051x |style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED ZE|&#x510;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED ZE|&#x511;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH HOOK|&#x512;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH HOOK|&#x513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LHA|&#x514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LHA|&#x515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER RHA|&#x516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER RHA|&#x517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAE|&#x518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAE|&#x519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER QA|&#x51a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER QA|&#x51b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER WE|&#x51c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WE|&#x51d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ALEUT KA|&#x51e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ALEUT KA|&#x51f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{7.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|052x |style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x520;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x521;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x522;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x523;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH DESCENDER|&#x524;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH DESCENDER|&#x525;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA WITH DESCENDER|&#x526;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA WITH DESCENDER|&#x527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZZHE|&#x52a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZZHE|&#x52b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DCHE|&#x52c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DCHE|&#x52d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER|&#x52e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER|&#x52f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Armenian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|053x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER AYB|&#x531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER BEN|&#x532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GIM|&#x533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER DA|&#x534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH|&#x535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZA|&#x536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER EH|&#x537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ET|&#x538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TO|&#x539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZHE|&#x53a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER INI|&#x53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER LIWN|&#x53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER XEH|&#x53d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CA|&#x53e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEN|&#x53f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|054x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER HO|&#x540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JA|&#x541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD|&#x542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHEH|&#x543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER MEN|&#x544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YI|&#x545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER NOW|&#x546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO|&#x548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHA|&#x549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PEH|&#x54a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JHEH|&#x54b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER RA|&#x54c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SEH|&#x54d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VEW|&#x54e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TIWN|&#x54f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|055x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER REH|&#x550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CO|&#x551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YIWN|&#x552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PIWR|&#x553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEH|&#x554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER OH|&#x555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER FEH|&#x556;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ARMENIAN SMALL EH|&#x558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING|&#x559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE|&#x55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN EMPHASIS MARK|&#x55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN COMMA|&#x55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK|&#x55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN ABBREVIATION MARK|&#x55f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|056x |style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TURNED AYB|&#x560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER AYB|&#x561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER BEN|&#x562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GIM|&#x563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER DA|&#x564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ECH|&#x565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZA|&#x566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER EH|&#x567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ET|&#x568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TO|&#x569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZHE|&#x56a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER INI|&#x56b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER LIWN|&#x56c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER XEH|&#x56d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CA|&#x56e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEN|&#x56f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|057x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER HO|&#x570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JA|&#x571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD|&#x572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHEH|&#x573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER MEN|&#x574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI|&#x575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER NOW|&#x576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO|&#x578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHA|&#x579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PEH|&#x57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JHEH|&#x57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER RA|&#x57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SEH|&#x57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VEW|&#x57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TIWN|&#x57f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|058x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER REH|&#x580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CO|&#x581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YIWN|&#x582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PIWR|&#x583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEH|&#x584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER OH|&#x585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER FEH|&#x586;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN|&#x587;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI WITH STROKE|&#x588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN FULL STOP|&#x589;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN HYPHEN|&#x58a;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ARMENIAN SMALL INI|&#x58b;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ARMENIAN SMALL YE|&#x58c;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN|&#x58d;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN|&#x58e;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN DRAM SIGN|&#x58f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Hebrew''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|059x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ETNAHTA|&nbsp;&#x591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT SHALSHELET|&nbsp;&#x593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF QATAN|&nbsp;&#x594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF GADOL|&nbsp;&#x595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TIPEHA|&nbsp;&#x596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT REVIA|&nbsp;&#x597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA|&nbsp;&#x598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT PASHTA|&nbsp;&#x599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT YETIV|&nbsp;&#x59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TEVIR|&nbsp;&#x59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERESH|&nbsp;&#x59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERESH MUQDAM|&nbsp;&#x59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERSHAYIM|&nbsp;&#x59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT QARNEY PARA|&nbsp;&#x59f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA GEDOLA|&nbsp;&#x5a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT PAZER|&nbsp;&#x5a1;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ATNAH HAFUKH|&nbsp;&#x5a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MUNAH|&nbsp;&#x5a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MAHAPAKH|&nbsp;&#x5a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA|&nbsp;&#x5a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA KEFULA|&nbsp;&#x5a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT DARGA|&nbsp;&#x5a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT QADMA|&nbsp;&#x5a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA QETANA|&nbsp;&#x5a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT YERAH BEN YOMO|&nbsp;&#x5aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT OLE|&nbsp;&#x5ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ILUY|&nbsp;&#x5ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT DEHI|&nbsp;&#x5ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR|&nbsp;&#x5ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK MASORA CIRCLE|&nbsp;&#x5af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SHEVA|&nbsp;&#x5b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x5b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH|&nbsp;&#x5b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS|&nbsp;&#x5b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HIRIQ|&nbsp;&#x5b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT TSERE|&nbsp;&#x5b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x5b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT PATAH|&nbsp;&#x5b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QAMATS|&nbsp;&#x5b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HOLAM|&nbsp;&#x5b9;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV|&nbsp;&#x5ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QUBUTS|&nbsp;&#x5bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ|&nbsp;&#x5bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT METEG|&nbsp;&#x5bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF|&#x5be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT RAFE|&nbsp;&#x5bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Cx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ|&#x5c0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SIN DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ|&#x5c3;}}||style="{{2.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c4;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK LOWER DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA|&#x5c6;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN|&nbsp;&#x5c7;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SHEVA NA MUDGASH|&#x5c8;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT DAGESH HAZAQ MUDGASH|&#x5c9;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER ALEF|&#x5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER BET|&#x5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER GIMEL|&#x5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER DALET|&#x5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER HE|&#x5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER VAV|&#x5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN|&#x5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER HET|&#x5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TET|&#x5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER YOD|&#x5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF|&#x5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER KAF|&#x5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER LAMED|&#x5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM|&#x5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER MEM|&#x5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN|&#x5df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER NUN|&#x5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH|&#x5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER AYIN|&#x5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE|&#x5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER PE|&#x5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI|&#x5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TSADI|&#x5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER QOF|&#x5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER RESH|&#x5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER SHIN|&#x5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TAV|&#x5ea;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW YOD TRIANGLE|&#x5ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV|&#x5f0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH VAV YOD|&#x5f1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD|&#x5f2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH|&#x5f3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM|&#x5f4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|060x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NUMBER SIGN|&#x600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SANAH|&#x601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER|&#x602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SAFHA|&#x603;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SAMVAT|&#x604;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NUMBER MARK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x605;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC CUBE ROOT|&#x606;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC FOURTH ROOT|&#x607;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RAY|&#x608;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC PER MILLE SIGN|&#x609;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|&#x60a;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AFGHANI SIGN|&#x60b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC COMMA|&#x60c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DATE SEPARATOR|&#x60d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC POETIC VERSE SIGN|&#x60e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN MISRA|&#x60f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|061x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASSALLAM|&nbsp;&#x610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN ALAYHE ASSALLAM|&nbsp;&#x611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN RAHMATULLAH ALAYHE|&nbsp;&#x612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN RADI ALLAHOU ANHU|&nbsp;&#x613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN TAKHALLUS|&nbsp;&#x614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH TAH|&nbsp;&#x615;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH YEH BARREE|&nbsp;&#x616;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAIN|&nbsp;&#x617;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL FATHA|&nbsp;&#x618;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x619;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL KASRA|&nbsp;&#x61a;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SEMICOLON|&#x61b;}}||style="{{6.3}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MARK|[ALM]}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC END OF TEXT MARK|&nbsp;&#x61d;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TRIPLE DOT PUNCTUATION MARK|&#x61e;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC QUESTION MARK|&#x61f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|062x |style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KASHMIRI YEH|&#x620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAMZA|&#x621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE|&#x622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW|&#x625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF|&#x627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH|&#x628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA|&#x629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH|&#x62a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THEH|&#x62b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM|&#x62c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH|&#x62d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KHAH|&#x62e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL|&#x62f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|063x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THAL|&#x630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH|&#x631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAIN|&#x632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN|&#x633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SHEEN|&#x634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD|&#x635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAD|&#x636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH|&#x637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAH|&#x638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN|&#x639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN|&#x63a;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x63b;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x63c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH INVERTED V|&#x63d;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x63e;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x63f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|064x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL|&#x640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH|&#x641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF|&#x642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF|&#x643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM|&#x644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM|&#x645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON|&#x646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH|&#x647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW|&#x648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA|&#x649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH|&#x64a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x64b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x64c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x64d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA|&nbsp;&#x64e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x64f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|065x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRA|&nbsp;&#x650;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SHADDA|&nbsp;&#x651;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUKUN|&nbsp;&#x652;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MADDAH ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x653;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HAMZA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x654;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HAMZA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x655;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUBSCRIPT ALEF|&nbsp;&#x656;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC INVERTED DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x657;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MARK NOON GHUNNA|&nbsp;&#x658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC ZWARAKAY|&nbsp;&#x659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN SMALL V ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x65a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN INVERTED SMALL V ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x65b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x65c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC REVERSED DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x65d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH TWO DOTS|&nbsp;&#x65e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC WAVY HAMZA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x65f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|066x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO|&#x660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE|&#x661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO|&#x662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE|&#x663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX|&#x666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE|&#x669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PERCENT SIGN|&#x66a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DECIMAL SEPARATOR|&#x66b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC THOUSANDS SEPARATOR|&#x66c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FIVE POINTED STAR|&#x66d;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS BEH|&#x66e;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS QAF|&#x66f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|067x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF|&nbsp;&#x670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA|&#x671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE|&#x672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW|&#x673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA|&nbsp;&#x674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA ALEF|&#x675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA WAW|&#x676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER U WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA YEH|&#x678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEH|&#x679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH|&#x67a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEEH|&#x67b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH RING|&#x67c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS|&#x67d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH|&#x67e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEHEH|&#x67f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|068x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEHEH|&#x680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL ABOVE|&#x682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NYEH|&#x683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DYEH|&#x684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH|&#x686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH|&#x687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DDAL|&#x688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH RING|&#x689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW|&#x68a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW AND SMALL TAH|&#x68b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAHAL|&#x68c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL|&#x68d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DUL|&#x68e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS|&#x68f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|069x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER RREH|&#x691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V|&#x692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH RING|&#x693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V BELOW|&#x695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEH|&#x698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x69a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x69b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x69d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS FEH|&#x6a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW|&#x6a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER VEH|&#x6a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEHEH|&#x6a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH|&#x6a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF|&#x6aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING|&#x6ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NG|&#x6ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF|&#x6af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING|&#x6b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NGOEH|&#x6b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x6b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GUEH|&#x6b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V|&#x6b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6b7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6b8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA|&#x6ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER RNOON|&#x6bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING|&#x6bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE|&#x6be;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE|&#x6c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL|&#x6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL|&#x6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH RING|&#x6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE|&#x6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER OE|&#x6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER U|&#x6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YU|&#x6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ YU|&#x6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER VE|&#x6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH|&#x6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL|&#x6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V|&#x6ce;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Dx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER E|&#x6d0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6d1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE|&#x6d2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x6d3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FULL STOP|&#x6d4;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AE|&#x6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE SAD WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA|&nbsp;&#x6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE QAF WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA|&nbsp;&#x6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM INITIAL FORM|&nbsp;&#x6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LAM ALEF|&nbsp;&#x6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH JEEM|&nbsp;&#x6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH THREE DOTS|&nbsp;&#x6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SEEN|&nbsp;&#x6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC END OF AYAH|&#x6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC START OF RUB EL HIZB|&#x6de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ROUNDED ZERO|&nbsp;&#x6df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH UPRIGHT RECTANGULAR ZERO|&nbsp;&#x6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH DOTLESS HEAD OF KHAH|&nbsp;&#x6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM ISOLATED FORM|&nbsp;&#x6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW SEEN|&nbsp;&#x6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MADDA|&nbsp;&#x6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL WAW|&#x6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL YEH|&#x6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH|&nbsp;&#x6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON|&nbsp;&#x6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PLACE OF SAJDAH|&#x6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE LOW STOP|&nbsp;&#x6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE HIGH STOP|&nbsp;&#x6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC ROUNDED HIGH STOP WITH FILLED CENTRE|&nbsp;&#x6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW MEEM|&nbsp;&#x6ed;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ee;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO|&#x6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE|&#x6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO|&#x6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE|&#x6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x6f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX|&#x6f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x6f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x6f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE|&#x6f9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SHEEN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fa;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAD WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fc;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SINDHI AMPERSAND|&#x6fd;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SINDHI POSTPOSITION MEN|&#x6fe;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Syriac''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|070x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC END OF PARAGRAPH|&#x700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR FULL STOP|&#x701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR FULL STOP|&#x702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON|&#x703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON|&#x704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HORIZONTAL COLON|&#x705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC COLON SKEWED RIGHT|&#x707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC CONTRACTION|&#x70a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN OBELUS|&#x70b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN METOBELUS|&#x70c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN ASTERISCUS|&#x70d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK|&nbsp;&#x70f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|071x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER ALAPH|&#x710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALAPH|&nbsp;&#x711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER BETH|&#x712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL|&#x713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL GARSHUNI|&#x714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER DALATH|&#x715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER DOTLESS DALATH RISH|&#x716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER HE|&#x717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER WAW|&#x718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN|&#x719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER HETH|&#x71a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TETH|&#x71b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TETH GARSHUNI|&#x71c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER YUDH|&#x71d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER YUDH HE|&#x71e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER KAPH|&#x71f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|072x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER LAMADH|&#x720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MIM|&#x721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER NUN|&#x722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SEMKATH|&#x723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER FINAL SEMKATH|&#x724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER E|&#x725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PE|&#x726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER REVERSED PE|&#x727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SADHE|&#x728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER QAPH|&#x729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER RISH|&#x72a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SHIN|&#x72b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TAW|&#x72c;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN BHETH|&#x72d;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN GHAMAL|&#x72e;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN DHALATH|&#x72f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|073x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RBASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RBASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA HORIZONTAL|&nbsp;&#x738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA ANGULAR|&nbsp;&#x739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x73a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x73b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA-ESASA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x73c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ESASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x73d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ESASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x73e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RWAHA|&nbsp;&#x73f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|074x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC FEMININE DOT|&nbsp;&#x740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA|&nbsp;&#x741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RUKKAKHA|&nbsp;&#x742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC THREE DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC THREE DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC MUSIC|&nbsp;&#x749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC BARREKH|&nbsp;&#x74a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN ZHAIN|&#x74d;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN KHAPH|&#x74e;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN FE|&#x74f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|075x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS HORIZONTALLY BELOW|&#x750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x752;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x753;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x754;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V|&#x756;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW AND SMALL TAH|&#x759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x75a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH STROKE|&#x75b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x75c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x75d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS POINTING DOWNWARDS ABOVE|&#x75e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x75f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|076x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT BELOW|&#x766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL TAH|&#x768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL V|&#x769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH BAR|&#x76a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x76b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x76c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x76d;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH BELOW|&#x76e;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x76f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|077x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x770;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x771;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE|&#x772;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x773;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x774;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR BELOW|&#x777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x77a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x77b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR BELOW|&#x77c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR ABOVE|&#x77d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH INVERTED V|&#x77e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x77f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Thaana''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|078x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER HAA|&#x780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SHAVIYANI|&#x781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER NOONU|&#x782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER RAA|&#x783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER BAA|&#x784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER LHAVIYANI|&#x785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER KAAFU|&#x786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ALIFU|&#x787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER VAAVU|&#x788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER MEEMU|&#x789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER FAAFU|&#x78a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DHAALU|&#x78b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER THAA|&#x78c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER LAAMU|&#x78d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GAAFU|&#x78e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GNAVIYANI|&#x78f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|079x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SEENU|&#x790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DAVIYANI|&#x791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZAVIYANI|&#x792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TAVIYANI|&#x793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER YAA|&#x794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER PAVIYANI|&#x795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER JAVIYANI|&#x796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER CHAVIYANI|&#x797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TTAA|&#x798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER HHAA|&#x799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER KHAA|&#x79a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER THAALU|&#x79b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZAA|&#x79c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SHEENU|&#x79d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SAADHU|&#x79e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DAADHU|&#x79f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TO|&#x7a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZO|&#x7a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER AINU|&#x7a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GHAINU|&#x7a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER QAAFU|&#x7a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER WAAVU|&#x7a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA ABAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA AABAAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA IBIFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EEBEEFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA UBUFILI|&nbsp;&#x7aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OOBOOFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EBEFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EYBEYFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OBOFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OABOAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Bx |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA SUKUN|&nbsp;&#x7b0;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER NAA|&#x7b1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''NKo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT ZERO|&#x7c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT ONE|&#x7c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT TWO|&#x7c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT THREE|&#x7c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT FOUR|&#x7c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT FIVE|&#x7c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT SIX|&#x7c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT SEVEN|&#x7c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT EIGHT|&#x7c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT NINE|&#x7c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER A|&#x7ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER EE|&#x7cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER I|&#x7cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER E|&#x7cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER U|&#x7ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER OO|&#x7cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER O|&#x7d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER DAGBASINNA|&#x7d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER N|&#x7d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER BA|&#x7d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER PA|&#x7d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER TA|&#x7d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JA|&#x7d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER CHA|&#x7d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER DA|&#x7d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER RA|&#x7d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER RRA|&#x7da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER SA|&#x7db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER GBA|&#x7dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER FA|&#x7dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER KA|&#x7de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER LA|&#x7df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NA WOLOSO|&#x7e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER MA|&#x7e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NYA|&#x7e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NA|&#x7e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER HA|&#x7e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER WA|&#x7e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER YA|&#x7e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NYA WOLOSO|&#x7e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA JA|&#x7e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA CHA|&#x7e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA RA|&#x7ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT HIGH TONE|&nbsp;&#x7eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT LOW TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT RISING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG DESCENDING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG HIGH TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG LOW TONE|&nbsp;&#x7f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG RISING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING NASALIZATION MARK|&nbsp;&#x7f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING DOUBLE DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x7f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO HIGH TONE APOSTROPHE|&#x7f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LOW TONE APOSTROPHE|&#x7f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO SYMBOL OO DENNEN|&#x7f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO SYMBOL GBAKURUNEN|&#x7f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMMA|&#x7f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x7f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LAJANYALAN|&#x7fa;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DANTAYALAN|&#x7fd;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DOROME SIGN|&#x7fe;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO TAMAN SIGN|&#x7ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Samaritan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|080x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER ALAF|&#x800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER BIT|&#x801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER GAMAN|&#x802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER DALAT|&#x803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IY|&#x804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER BAA|&#x805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER ZEN|&#x806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IT|&#x807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TIT|&#x808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER YUT|&#x809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER KAAF|&#x80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER LABAT|&#x80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER MIM|&#x80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER NUN|&#x80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER SINGAAT|&#x80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IN|&#x80f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|081x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER FI|&#x810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TSAADIY|&#x811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER QUF|&#x812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER RISH|&#x813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER SHAN|&#x814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TAAF|&#x815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK IN|&#x816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK IN-ALAF|&#x817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK OCCLUSION|&#x818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK DAGESH|&#x819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER EPENTHETIC YUT|&#x81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK EPENTHETIC YUT|&#x81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG E|&#x81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN E|&#x81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN OVERLONG AA|&#x81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG AA|&#x81f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|082x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN OVERLONG A|&#x821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG A|&#x822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN A|&#x823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER SHORT A|&#x824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN SHORT A|&#x825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG U|&#x826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN U|&#x827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER I|&#x828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG I|&#x829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN I|&#x82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN O|&#x82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN SUKUN|&#x82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK NEQUDAA|&#x82d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|083x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION NEQUDAA|&#x830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION AFSAAQ|&#x831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANGED|&#x832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION BAU|&#x833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ATMAAU|&#x834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION SHIYYAALAA|&#x835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN ABBREVIATION MARK|&#x836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION MELODIC QITSA|&#x837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ZIQAA|&#x838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION QITSA|&#x839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ZAEF|&#x83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION TURU|&#x83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ARKAANU|&#x83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION SOF MASHFAAT|&#x83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANNAAU|&#x83e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mandaic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|084x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER HALQA|&#x840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AB|&#x841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AG|&#x842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AD|&#x843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AH|&#x844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER USHENNA|&#x845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AZ|&#x846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER IT|&#x847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ATT|&#x848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AKSA|&#x849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AK|&#x84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AL|&#x84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AM|&#x84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AN|&#x84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AS|&#x84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER IN|&#x84f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|085x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AP|&#x850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ASZ|&#x851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AQ|&#x852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AR|&#x853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ASH|&#x854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AT|&#x855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER DUSHENNA|&#x856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER KAD|&#x857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AIN|&#x858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC AFFRICATION MARK|&#x859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC VOCALIZATION MARK|&#x85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC GEMINATION MARK|&#x85b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC PUNCTUATION|&#x85e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Syriac Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{10.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|086x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NGA|&#x860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM JA|&#x861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NYA|&#x862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM TTA|&#x863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NNA|&#x864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NNNA|&#x865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM BHA|&#x866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM RA|&#x867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM LLA|&#x868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM LLLA|&#x869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM SSA|&#x86a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|087x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED FATHA|&#x870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA|&#x871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE|&#x872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH LEFT MIDDLE STROKE|&#x873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED KASRA|&#x874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA|&#x875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED ROUND DOT ABOVE|&#x876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED RIGHT ROUND DOT|&#x877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED LEFT ROUND DOT|&#x878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED ROUND DOT BELOW|&#x879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA AND LEFT RING|&#x87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE AND LEFT RING|&#x87f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|088x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA AND LEFT RING|&#x880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED RIGHT HAMZA|&#x881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF ALEF WITH ATTACHED LEFT HAMZA|&#x882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH OVERSTRUCK HAMZA|&#x883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH OVERSTRUCK WAW|&#x884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THIN YEH|&#x886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC BASELINE ROUND DOT|&#x887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RAISED ROUND DOT|&#x888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH INVERTED SMALL V|&#x889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&#x88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VERTICAL TAIL|&#x88e;}}||style="{{17.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING ABOVE|&#x88f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|089x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC POUND MARK ABOVE|&#x890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PIASTRE MARK ABOVE|&#x891;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{16.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PEPET|&#x897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AL-JUZ|&#x898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD ISHMAAM|&#x899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD IMAALA|&#x89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD TASHEEL|&#x89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MADDA WAAJIB|&#x89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUPERSCRIPT ALEF MOKHASSAS|&#x89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLED MADDA|&#x89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HALF MADDA OVER MADDA|&#x89f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V BELOW|&#x8a0;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW|&#x8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND HAMZA ABOVE|&#x8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH LOOP|&#x8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT WITHIN|&#x8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ROHINGYA YEH|&#x8ac;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LOW ALEF|&#x8ad;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8ae;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Bx |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH INVERTED STROKE|&#x8b0;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER STRAIGHT WAW|&#x8b1;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAIN WITH INVERTED V ABOVE|&#x8b2;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8b3;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT BELOW|&#x8b4;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW AND NO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL MEEM ABOVE|&#x8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH WITH SMALL MEEM ABOVE|&#x8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH SMALL TEH ABOVE|&#x8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL NOON ABOVE|&#x8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND SMALL NOON ABOVE|&#x8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN FEH|&#x8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF|&#x8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN NOON|&#x8bd;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8be;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{13.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE|&#x8c7;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GRAF|&#x8c8;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL FARSI YEH|&#x8c9;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH FARSI YEH|&#x8ca;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH BARREE WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x8cb;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD SAH|&#x8cc;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAH|&#x8cd;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT ABOVE|&#x8ce;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT BELOW|&#x8cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Dx |style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUKUN BELOW|&#x8d0;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE CIRCLE BELOW|&#x8d1;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT INSIDE CIRCLE BELOW|&#x8d2;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW|&#x8d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AR-RUB|&#x8d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SAD|&#x8d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH AIN|&#x8d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH QAF|&#x8d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON WITH KASRA|&#x8d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON WITH KASRA|&#x8d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD ATH-THALATHA|&#x8da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AS-SAJDA|&#x8db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AN-NISF|&#x8dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD SAKTA|&#x8dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD QIF|&#x8de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD WAQFA|&#x8df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Ex |style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH FOOTNOTE MARKER|&#x8e0;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SIGN SAFHA|&#x8e1;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DISPUTED END OF AYAH|&#x8e2;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TURNED DAMMA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY FATHA|&nbsp;&#x8e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x8e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY KASRA|&nbsp;&#x8e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE ONE DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE TWO DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE LOOP ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE ONE DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE TWO DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE LOOP BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WAW|&nbsp;&#x8f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH RING|&nbsp;&#x8f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRA WITH DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LEFT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLE RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLE RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMA WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fe;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MARK SIDEWAYS NOON GHUNNA|&nbsp;&#x8ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Devanagari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|090x |style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU|&#x900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA|&#x903;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A|&#x904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER A|&#x905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AA|&#x906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER I|&#x907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER II|&#x908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER U|&#x909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UU|&#x90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E|&#x90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E|&#x90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER E|&#x90f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|091x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AI|&#x910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O|&#x911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O|&#x912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER O|&#x913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AU|&#x914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KA|&#x915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA|&#x916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GA|&#x917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA|&#x918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA|&#x919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CA|&#x91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA|&#x91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JA|&#x91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA|&#x91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA|&#x91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA|&#x91f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|092x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA|&#x920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA|&#x921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA|&#x922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA|&#x923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TA|&#x924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER THA|&#x925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DA|&#x926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA|&#x927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NA|&#x928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NNNA|&#x929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER PA|&#x92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA|&#x92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BA|&#x92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA|&#x92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER MA|&#x92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER YA|&#x92f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|093x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RA|&#x930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA|&#x931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LA|&#x932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA|&#x933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LLLA|&#x934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VA|&#x935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA|&#x936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA|&#x937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SA|&#x938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER HA|&#x939;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x93a;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE|&#x93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA|&#x93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x93f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|094x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&#x945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&#x946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&#x949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&#x94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x94b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x94c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x94d;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&#x94e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW|&#x94f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|095x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI OM|&#x950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA|&#x951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA|&#x952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI GRAVE ACCENT|&#x953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI ACUTE ACCENT|&#x954;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA LONG E|&#x955;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x956;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE|&#x957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER QA|&#x958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KHHA|&#x959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GHHA|&#x95a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ZA|&#x95b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDHA|&#x95c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RHA|&#x95d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER FA|&#x95e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER YYA|&#x95f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|096x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DANDA|&#x964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO|&#x966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE|&#x967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO|&#x968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE|&#x969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR|&#x96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE|&#x96b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX|&#x96c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x96d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x96e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE|&#x96f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|097x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x970;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN HIGH SPACING DOT|&#x971;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A|&#x972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER OE|&#x973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE|&#x974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AW|&#x975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UE|&#x976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UUE|&#x977;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER MARWARI DDA|&#x978;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ZHA|&#x979;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER HEAVY YA|&#x97a;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA|&#x97b;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA|&#x97c;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x97d;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA|&#x97e;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA|&#x97f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Bengali''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|098x |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ANJI|&#x980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN VISARGA|&#x983;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER A|&#x985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AA|&#x986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER I|&#x987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER II|&#x988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER U|&#x989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER UU|&#x98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x98c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER E|&#x98f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|099x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AI|&#x990;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER O|&#x993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AU|&#x994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KA|&#x995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KHA|&#x996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER GA|&#x997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER GHA|&#x998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NGA|&#x999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER CA|&#x99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER CHA|&#x99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER JA|&#x99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER JHA|&#x99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NYA|&#x99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TTA|&#x99f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TTHA|&#x9a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DDA|&#x9a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DDHA|&#x9a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NNA|&#x9a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TA|&#x9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER THA|&#x9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DA|&#x9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DHA|&#x9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NA|&#x9a8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER PA|&#x9aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER PHA|&#x9ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER BA|&#x9ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER BHA|&#x9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER MA|&#x9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER YA|&#x9af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA|&#x9b0;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER LA|&#x9b2;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SHA|&#x9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SSA|&#x9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SA|&#x9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER HA|&#x9b9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN NUKTA|&#x9bc;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x9bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x9be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x9bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x9c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x9c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x9c4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x9c8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x9cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x9cd;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA|&#x9ce;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK|&#x9d7;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RRA|&#x9dc;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RHA|&#x9dd;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER YYA|&#x9df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x9e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x9e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x9e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x9e3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT ZERO|&#x9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT ONE|&#x9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT TWO|&#x9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT THREE|&#x9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT FOUR|&#x9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT FIVE|&#x9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT SIX|&#x9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT NINE|&#x9ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL|&#x9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA WITH LOWER DIAGONAL|&#x9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI RUPEE MARK|&#x9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI RUPEE SIGN|&#x9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE|&#x9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR TWO|&#x9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR THREE|&#x9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR FOUR|&#x9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE LESS THAN THE DENOMINATOR|&#x9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY DENOMINATOR SIXTEEN|&#x9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ISSHAR|&#x9fa;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI GANDA MARK|&#x9fb;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#x9fc;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x9fd;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SANDHI MARK|&#x9fe;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Gurmukhi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A0x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN ADAK BINDI|&#xa01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI|&#xa02;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN VISARGA|&#xa03;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER A|&#xa05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AA|&#xa06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER I|&#xa07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER II|&#xa08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER U|&#xa09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER UU|&#xa0a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER EE|&#xa0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AI|&#xa10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER OO|&#xa13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AU|&#xa14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KA|&#xa15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KHA|&#xa16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GA|&#xa17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GHA|&#xa18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NGA|&#xa19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER CA|&#xa1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER CHA|&#xa1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER JA|&#xa1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER JHA|&#xa1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NYA|&#xa1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TTA|&#xa1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA|&#xa20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DDA|&#xa21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DDHA|&#xa22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NNA|&#xa23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TA|&#xa24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER THA|&#xa25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DA|&#xa26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DHA|&#xa27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NA|&#xa28;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER PA|&#xa2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER PHA|&#xa2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER BA|&#xa2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER BHA|&#xa2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER MA|&#xa2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER YA|&#xa2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER RA|&#xa30;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER LA|&#xa32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER LLA|&#xa33;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER VA|&#xa35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER SHA|&#xa36;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER SA|&#xa38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER HA|&#xa39;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA|&#xa3c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xa3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I|&#xa3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A4x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II|&#xa40;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U|&#xa41;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xa42;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xa47;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xa48;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xa4b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xa4c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA|&#xa4d;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A5x |&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN UDAAT|&nbsp;&#xa51;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KHHA|&#xa59;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GHHA|&#xa5a;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER ZA|&#xa5b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER RRA|&#xa5c;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER FA|&#xa5e;}}||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A6x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT ZERO|&#xa66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT ONE|&#xa67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT TWO|&#xa68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT THREE|&#xa69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT FOUR|&#xa6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT FIVE|&#xa6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT SIX|&#xa6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT NINE|&#xa6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A7x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI TIPPI|&#xa70;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI ADDAK|&#xa71;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI IRI|&#xa72;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI URA|&#xa73;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI EK ONKAR|&#xa74;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN YAKASH|&#xa75;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#xa76;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Gujarati''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A8x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xa81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xa82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN VISARGA|&#xa83;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER A|&#xa85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AA|&#xa86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER I|&#xa87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER II|&#xa88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER U|&#xa89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER UU|&#xa8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xa8b;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xa8c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA E|&#xa8d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER E|&#xa8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AI|&#xa90;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA O|&#xa91;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER O|&#xa93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AU|&#xa94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER KA|&#xa95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER KHA|&#xa96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER GA|&#xa97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER GHA|&#xa98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NGA|&#xa99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER CA|&#xa9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER CHA|&#xa9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER JA|&#xa9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER JHA|&#xa9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NYA|&#xa9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TTA|&#xa9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0AAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TTHA|&#xaa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DDA|&#xaa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DDHA|&#xaa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NNA|&#xaa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TA|&#xaa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER THA|&#xaa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DA|&#xaa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DHA|&#xaa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NA|&#xaa8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER PA|&#xaaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER PHA|&#xaab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER BA|&#xaac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER BHA|&#xaad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER MA|&#xaae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER YA|&#xaaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER RA|&#xab0;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER LA|&#xab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER LLA|&#xab3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VA|&#xab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SHA|&#xab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SSA|&#xab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SA|&#xab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER HA|&#xab9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN NUKTA|&#xabc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xabd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xabe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN I|&#xabf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN II|&#xac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN U|&#xac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&#xac5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN E|&#xac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xac8;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&#xac9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN O|&#xacb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xacc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA|&#xacd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0ADx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI OM|&#xad0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xae0;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xae1;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xae2;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xae3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT ZERO|&#xae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT ONE|&#xae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT TWO|&#xae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT THREE|&#xae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT FOUR|&#xaea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT FIVE|&#xaeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT SIX|&#xaec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xaed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xaee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT NINE|&#xaef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0AFx |style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#xaf0;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI RUPEE SIGN|&#xaf1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER ZHA|&#xaf9;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN SUKUN|&#xafa;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN SHADDA|&#xafb;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN MADDAH|&#xafc;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN THREE-DOT NUKTA ABOVE|&#xafd;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE|&#xafe;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN TWO-CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE|&#xaff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Oriya''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B0x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xb01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xb02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN VISARGA|&#xb03;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER A|&#xb05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AA|&#xb06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER I|&#xb07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER II|&#xb08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER U|&#xb09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER UU|&#xb0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xb0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xb0c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER E|&#xb0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AI|&#xb10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER O|&#xb13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AU|&#xb14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER KA|&#xb15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER KHA|&#xb16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER GA|&#xb17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER GHA|&#xb18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NGA|&#xb19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER CA|&#xb1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER CHA|&#xb1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER JA|&#xb1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER JHA|&#xb1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NYA|&#xb1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TTA|&#xb1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TTHA|&#xb20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DDA|&#xb21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DDHA|&#xb22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NNA|&#xb23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TA|&#xb24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER THA|&#xb25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DA|&#xb26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DHA|&#xb27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NA|&#xb28;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER PA|&#xb2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER PHA|&#xb2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER BA|&#xb2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER BHA|&#xb2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER MA|&#xb2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER YA|&#xb2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RA|&#xb30;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER LA|&#xb32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER LLA|&#xb33;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VA|&#xb35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SHA|&#xb36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SSA|&#xb37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SA|&#xb38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER HA|&#xb39;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN NUKTA|&#xb3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xb3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xb3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN I|&#xb3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN II|&#xb40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN U|&#xb41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xb42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xb43;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xb44;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN E|&#xb47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xb48;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN O|&#xb4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xb4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA|&#xb4d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN DOT ABOVE|&#xb53;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN DOUBLE DOT ABOVE|&#xb54;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN OVERLINE|&#xb55;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA AI LENGTH MARK|&#xb56;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA AU LENGTH MARK|&#xb57;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RRA|&#xb5c;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RHA|&#xb5d;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER YYA|&#xb5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xb60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xb61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xb62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xb63;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT ZERO|&#xb66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT ONE|&#xb67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT TWO|&#xb68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT THREE|&#xb69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT FOUR|&#xb6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT FIVE|&#xb6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT SIX|&#xb6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT SEVEN|&#xb6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT EIGHT|&#xb6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT NINE|&#xb6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B7x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA ISSHAR|&#xb70;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER WA|&#xb71;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xb72;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xb73;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xb74;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH|&#xb75;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#xb76;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#xb77;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tamil''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B8x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xb82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VISARGA|&#xb83;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER A|&#xb85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AA|&#xb86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER I|&#xb87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER II|&#xb88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER U|&#xb89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER UU|&#xb8a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER E|&#xb8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER EE|&#xb8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AI|&#xb90;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER O|&#xb92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER OO|&#xb93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AU|&#xb94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER KA|&#xb95;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NGA|&#xb99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER CA|&#xb9a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER JA|&#xb9c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NYA|&#xb9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER TTA|&#xb9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NNA|&#xba3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER TA|&#xba4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NA|&#xba8;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NNNA|&#xba9;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER PA|&#xbaa;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER MA|&#xbae;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER YA|&#xbaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER RA|&#xbb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER RRA|&#xbb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LA|&#xbb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LLA|&#xbb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LLLA|&#xbb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER VA|&#xbb5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SHA|&#xbb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SSA|&#xbb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SA|&#xbb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER HA|&#xbb9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xbbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I|&#xbbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II|&#xbc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U|&#xbc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xbc2;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E|&#xbc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xbc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xbc8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O|&#xbca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xbcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xbcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA|&#xbcd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BDx |style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL OM|&#xbd0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK|&#xbd7;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BEx |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT ZERO|&#xbe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT ONE|&#xbe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT TWO|&#xbe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT THREE|&#xbe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT FOUR|&#xbea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT FIVE|&#xbeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT SIX|&#xbec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT SEVEN|&#xbed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT EIGHT|&#xbee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT NINE|&#xbef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BFx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER TEN|&#xbf0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#xbf1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#xbf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DAY SIGN|&#xbf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL MONTH SIGN|&#xbf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL YEAR SIGN|&#xbf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DEBIT SIGN|&#xbf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL CREDIT SIGN|&#xbf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AS ABOVE SIGN|&#xbf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL RUPEE SIGN|&#xbf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER SIGN|&#xbfa;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Telugu''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C0x |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN COMBINING CANDRABINDU ABOVE|&#xc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN VISARGA|&#xc03;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#xc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER A|&#xc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AA|&#xc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER I|&#xc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER II|&#xc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER U|&#xc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER UU|&#xc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xc0c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER E|&#xc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER EE|&#xc0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AI|&#xc10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER O|&#xc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER OO|&#xc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AU|&#xc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER KA|&#xc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER KHA|&#xc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER GA|&#xc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER GHA|&#xc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NGA|&#xc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER CA|&#xc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER CHA|&#xc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER JA|&#xc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER JHA|&#xc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NYA|&#xc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TTA|&#xc1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TTHA|&#xc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DDA|&#xc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DDHA|&#xc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NNA|&#xc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TA|&#xc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER THA|&#xc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DA|&#xc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DHA|&#xc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NA|&#xc28;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER PA|&#xc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER PHA|&#xc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER BA|&#xc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER BHA|&#xc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER MA|&#xc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER YA|&#xc2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RA|&#xc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RRA|&#xc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LA|&#xc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LLA|&#xc33;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LLLA|&#xc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VA|&#xc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SHA|&#xc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SSA|&#xc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SA|&#xc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER HA|&#xc39;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN NUKTA|&#xc3c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I|&#xc3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN II|&#xc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN U|&#xc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xc44;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN E|&#xc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xc48;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN O|&#xc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA|&#xc4d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LENGTH MARK|&#xc55;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU AI LENGTH MARK|&#xc56;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TSA|&#xc58;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DZA|&#xc59;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RRRA|&#xc5a;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{17.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU ARCHAIC SHRII|&#xc5c;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NAKAARA POLLU|&#xc5d;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xc61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xc62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xc63;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT ZERO|&#xc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT ONE|&#xc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT TWO|&#xc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT THREE|&#xc69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT FOUR|&#xc6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT FIVE|&#xc6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT SIX|&#xc6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT SEVEN|&#xc6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT EIGHT|&#xc6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT NINE|&#xc6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C7x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN SIDDHAM|&#xc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ZERO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ONE FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT TWO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT THREE FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ONE FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT TWO FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT THREE FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN TUUMU|&#xc7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kannada''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C8x |style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU|&#xc80;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN VISARGA|&#xc83;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN SIDDHAM|&#xc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER A|&#xc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AA|&#xc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER I|&#xc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER II|&#xc88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER U|&#xc89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER UU|&#xc8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xc8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xc8c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER E|&#xc8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER EE|&#xc8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AI|&#xc90;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER O|&#xc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER OO|&#xc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AU|&#xc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER KA|&#xc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER KHA|&#xc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER GA|&#xc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER GHA|&#xc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NGA|&#xc99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER CA|&#xc9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER CHA|&#xc9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER JA|&#xc9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER JHA|&#xc9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NYA|&#xc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TTA|&#xc9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TTHA|&#xca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DDA|&#xca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DDHA|&#xca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NNA|&#xca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TA|&#xca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER THA|&#xca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DA|&#xca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DHA|&#xca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NA|&#xca8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER PA|&#xcaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER PHA|&#xcab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER BA|&#xcac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER BHA|&#xcad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER MA|&#xcae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER YA|&#xcaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER RA|&#xcb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER RRA|&#xcb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LA|&#xcb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LLA|&#xcb3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VA|&#xcb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SHA|&#xcb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SSA|&#xcb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SA|&#xcb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER HA|&#xcb9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN NUKTA|&#xcbc;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xcbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xcbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I|&#xcbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II|&#xcc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U|&#xcc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xcc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xcc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xcc4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E|&#xcc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xcc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xcc8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O|&#xcca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA|&#xccd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LENGTH MARK|&#xcd5;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK|&#xcd6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{17.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA ARCHAIC SHRII|&#xcdc;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NAKAARA POLLU|&#xcdd;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LLA|&#xcde;}}||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xce1;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xce2;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xce3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT ZERO|&#xce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT ONE|&#xce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT TWO|&#xce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT THREE|&#xce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT FOUR|&#xcea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT FIVE|&#xceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT SIX|&#xcec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT SEVEN|&#xced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT EIGHT|&#xcee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT NINE|&#xcef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CFx |&nbsp;||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#xcf1;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#xcf2;}}||style="{{15.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE RIGHT|&#xcf3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Malayalam''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D0x |style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#xd00;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xd01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xd02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VISARGA|&#xd03;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#xd04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER A|&#xd05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AA|&#xd06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER I|&#xd07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER II|&#xd08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER U|&#xd09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER UU|&#xd0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xd0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xd0c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER E|&#xd0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER EE|&#xd0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AI|&#xd10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER O|&#xd12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER OO|&#xd13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AU|&#xd14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER KA|&#xd15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER KHA|&#xd16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER GA|&#xd17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER GHA|&#xd18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NGA|&#xd19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CA|&#xd1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHA|&#xd1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER JA|&#xd1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER JHA|&#xd1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NYA|&#xd1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTA|&#xd1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTHA|&#xd20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DDA|&#xd21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DDHA|&#xd22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NNA|&#xd23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TA|&#xd24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER THA|&#xd25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DA|&#xd26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DHA|&#xd27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NA|&#xd28;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NNNA|&#xd29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER PA|&#xd2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER PHA|&#xd2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER BA|&#xd2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER BHA|&#xd2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER MA|&#xd2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER YA|&#xd2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER RA|&#xd30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER RRA|&#xd31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LA|&#xd32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LLA|&#xd33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA|&#xd34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VA|&#xd35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SHA|&#xd36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SSA|&#xd37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SA|&#xd38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER HA|&#xd39;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTTA|&#xd3a;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VERTICAL BAR VIRAMA|&#xd3b;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN CIRCULAR VIRAMA|&#xd3c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xd3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xd3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I|&#xd3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN II|&#xd40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U|&#xd41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xd42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xd43;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xd44;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E|&#xd46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xd47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xd48;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN O|&#xd4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xd4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xd4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA|&#xd4d;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DOT REPH|&#xd4e;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN PARA|&#xd4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D5x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU M|&#xd54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU Y|&#xd55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LLL|&#xd56;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK|&#xd57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-SIXTIETH|&#xd58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE FORTIETH|&#xd59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE EIGHTIETHS|&#xd5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE TWENTIETH|&#xd5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE TENTH|&#xd5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE TWENTIETHS|&#xd5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE FIFTH|&#xd5e;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II|&#xd5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xd60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xd61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xd62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xd63;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT ZERO|&#xd66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT ONE|&#xd67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT TWO|&#xd68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT THREE|&#xd69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT FOUR|&#xd6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT FIVE|&#xd6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT SIX|&#xd6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT SEVEN|&#xd6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT EIGHT|&#xd6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT NINE|&#xd6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER TEN|&#xd70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#xd71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#xd72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xd73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xd74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xd75;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH|&#xd76;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#xd77;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#xd78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DATE MARK|&#xd79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU NN|&#xd7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N|&#xd7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR|&#xd7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU L|&#xd7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL|&#xd7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU K|&#xd7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sinhala''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D8x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xd81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN ANUSVARAYA|&#xd82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN VISARGAYA|&#xd83;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AYANNA|&#xd85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AAYANNA|&#xd86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AEYANNA|&#xd87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AEEYANNA|&#xd88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IYANNA|&#xd89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IIYANNA|&#xd8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER UYANNA|&#xd8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER UUYANNA|&#xd8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IRUYANNA|&#xd8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IRUUYANNA|&#xd8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA|&#xd8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ILUUYANNA|&#xd90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER EYANNA|&#xd91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER EEYANNA|&#xd92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AIYANNA|&#xd93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER OYANNA|&#xd94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER OOYANNA|&#xd95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AUYANNA|&#xd96;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA KAYANNA|&#xd9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA KAYANNA|&#xd9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA GAYANNA|&#xd9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA GAYANNA|&#xd9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER KANTAJA NAASIKYAYA|&#xd9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA GAYANNA|&#xd9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA CAYANNA|&#xda0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA CAYANNA|&#xda1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA JAYANNA|&#xda2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA JAYANNA|&#xda3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA NAASIKYAYA|&#xda4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SANYOOGA NAAKSIKYAYA|&#xda5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA JAYANNA|&#xda6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TTAYANNA|&#xda7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TTAYANNA|&#xda8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DDAYANNA|&#xda9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DDAYANNA|&#xdaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA NAYANNA|&#xdab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DDAYANNA|&#xdac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TAYANNA|&#xdad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TAYANNA|&#xdae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DAYANNA|&#xdaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DAYANNA|&#xdb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA NAYANNA|&#xdb1;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DAYANNA|&#xdb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA PAYANNA|&#xdb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA PAYANNA|&#xdb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA BAYANNA|&#xdb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA BAYANNA|&#xdb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAYANNA|&#xdb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AMBA BAYANNA|&#xdb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER YAYANNA|&#xdba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER RAYANNA|&#xdbb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA LAYANNA|&#xdbd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER VAYANNA|&#xdc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SAYANNA|&#xdc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA SAYANNA|&#xdc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA SAYANNA|&#xdc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER HAYANNA|&#xdc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA LAYANNA|&#xdc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER FAYANNA|&#xdc6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN AL-LAKUNA|&#xdca;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN AELA-PILLA|&#xdcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI AEDA-PILLA|&#xdd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA AEDA-PILLA|&#xdd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI IS-PILLA|&#xdd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA IS-PILLA|&#xdd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI PAA-PILLA|&#xdd4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA PAA-PILLA|&#xdd6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAETTA-PILLA|&#xdd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA|&#xdd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA KOMBUVA|&#xdda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBU DEKA|&#xddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA AELA-PILLA|&#xddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA DIGA AELA-PILLA|&#xddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA GAYANUKITTA|&#xdde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAYANUKITTA|&#xddf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{7.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DEx |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT ZERO|&#xde6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT ONE|&#xde7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT TWO|&#xde8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT THREE|&#xde9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT FOUR|&#xdea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT FIVE|&#xdeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT SIX|&#xdec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT SEVEN|&#xded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT EIGHT|&#xdee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT NINE|&#xdef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAETTA-PILLA|&#xdf2;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAYANUKITTA|&#xdf3;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA PUNCTUATION KUNDDALIYA|&#xdf4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Thai''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E0x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KO KAI|&#xe01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHAI|&#xe02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHUAT|&#xe03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHWAI|&#xe04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHON|&#xe05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO RAKHANG|&#xe06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NGO NGU|&#xe07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHAN|&#xe08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHING|&#xe09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHANG|&#xe0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SO|&#xe0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHOE|&#xe0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YO YING|&#xe0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER DO CHADA|&#xe0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER TO PATAK|&#xe0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THAN|&#xe10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO NANGMONTHO|&#xe11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO PHUTHAO|&#xe12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NO NEN|&#xe13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER DO DEK|&#xe14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER TO TAO|&#xe15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THUNG|&#xe16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THAHAN|&#xe17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THONG|&#xe18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NO NU|&#xe19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER BO BAIMAI|&#xe1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PO PLA|&#xe1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO PHUNG|&#xe1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FO FA|&#xe1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO PHAN|&#xe1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FO FAN|&#xe1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO SAMPHAO|&#xe20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MO MA|&#xe21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YO YAK|&#xe22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER RO RUA|&#xe23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER RU|&#xe24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LO LING|&#xe25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LU|&#xe26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER WO WAEN|&#xe27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SALA|&#xe28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO RUSI|&#xe29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SUA|&#xe2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER HO HIP|&#xe2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LO CHULA|&#xe2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER O ANG|&#xe2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER HO NOKHUK|&#xe2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PAIYANNOI|&#xe2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA A|&#xe30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI HAN-AKAT|&nbsp;&#xe31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AA|&#xe32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AM|&#xe33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA I|&nbsp;&#xe34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA II|&nbsp;&#xe35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UE|&nbsp;&#xe36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UEE|&nbsp;&#xe37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA U|&nbsp;&#xe38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UU|&nbsp;&#xe39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHINTHU|&nbsp;&#xe3a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT|&#xe3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA E|&#xe40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AE|&#xe41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA O|&#xe42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMUAN|&#xe43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMALAI|&#xe44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LAKKHANGYAO|&#xe45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAIYAMOK|&#xe46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAITAIKHU|&nbsp;&#xe47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI EK|&nbsp;&#xe48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI THO|&nbsp;&#xe49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI TRI|&nbsp;&#xe4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI CHATTAWA|&nbsp;&#xe4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THANTHAKHAT|&nbsp;&#xe4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NIKHAHIT|&nbsp;&#xe4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YAMAKKAN|&nbsp;&#xe4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FONGMAN|&#xe4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT ZERO|&#xe50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT ONE|&#xe51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT TWO|&#xe52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT THREE|&#xe53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT FOUR|&#xe54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT FIVE|&#xe55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT SIX|&#xe56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xe57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xe58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT NINE|&#xe59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER ANGKHANKHU|&#xe5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHOMUT|&#xe5b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Lao''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E8x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KO|&#xe81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHO SUNG|&#xe82;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHO TAM|&#xe84;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI GHA|&#xe86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NGO|&#xe87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER CO|&#xe88;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI CHA|&#xe89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SO TAM|&#xe8a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI JHA|&#xe8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NYO|&#xe8d;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI NYA|&#xe8e;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI TTA|&#xe8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E9x |style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI TTHA|&#xe90;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DDA|&#xe91;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DDHA|&#xe92;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI NNA|&#xe93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER DO|&#xe94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER TO|&#xe95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER THO SUNG|&#xe96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER THO TAM|&#xe97;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DHA|&#xe98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NO|&#xe99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER BO|&#xe9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PO|&#xe9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PHO SUNG|&#xe9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER FO FON|&#xe9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PHO TAM|&#xe9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER FO FAY|&#xe9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EAx |style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI BHA|&#xea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER MO|&#xea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER YO|&#xea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER RO|&#xea3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER LO|&#xea5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER WO|&#xea7;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SANSKRIT SHA|&#xea8;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SANSKRIT SSA|&#xea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SO SUNG|&#xeaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER HO SUNG|&#xeab;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI LLA|&#xeac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER O|&#xead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER HO TAM|&#xeae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO ELLIPSIS|&#xeaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN A|&#xeb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KAN|&nbsp;&#xeb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xeb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AM|&#xeb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN I|&nbsp;&#xeb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN II|&nbsp;&#xeb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN Y|&nbsp;&#xeb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN YY|&nbsp;&#xeb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN U|&nbsp;&#xeb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN UU|&nbsp;&#xeb9;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SIGN PALI VIRAMA|&nbsp;&#xeba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KON|&nbsp;&#xebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN LO|&nbsp;&#xebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN NYO|&#xebd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0ECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN E|&#xec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN EI|&#xec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN O|&#xec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AY|&#xec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xec4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO KO LA|&#xec6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI EK|&nbsp;&#xec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI THO|&nbsp;&#xec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI TI|&nbsp;&#xeca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI CATAWA|&nbsp;&#xecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO CANCELLATION MARK|&nbsp;&#xecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO NIGGAHITA|&nbsp;&#xecd;}}||style="{{15.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO YAMAKKAN|&#xece;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT ZERO|&#xed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT ONE|&#xed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT TWO|&#xed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT THREE|&#xed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT FOUR|&#xed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT FIVE|&#xed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT SIX|&#xed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT SEVEN|&#xed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT EIGHT|&#xed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT NINE|&#xed9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO HO NO|&#xedc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO HO MO|&#xedd;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHMU GO|&#xede;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHMU NYO|&#xedf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tibetan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYLLABLE OM|&#xf00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO TRUNCATED A|&#xf01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM RNAM BCAD MA|&#xf02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM GTER TSHEG MA|&#xf03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INITIAL YIG MGO MDUN MA|&#xf04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CLOSING YIG MGO SGAB MA|&#xf05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET YIG MGO PHUR SHAD MA|&#xf06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK YIG MGO TSHEG SHAD MA|&#xf07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK SBRUL SHAD|&#xf08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BSKUR YIG MGO|&#xf09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG YIG MGO|&#xf0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INTERSYLLABIC TSHEG|&#xf0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK DELIMITER TSHEG BSTAR|&#xf0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK SHAD|&#xf0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS SHAD|&#xf0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TSHEG SHAD|&#xf0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG SHAD|&#xf10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK RIN CHEN SPUNGS SHAD|&#xf11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK RGYA GRAM SHAD|&#xf12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS ME LONG CAN|&#xf13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER TSHEG|&#xf14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN CHAD RTAGS|&#xf15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN LHAG RTAGS|&#xf16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SGRA GCAN -CHAR RTAGS|&#xf17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN -KHYUD PA|&#xf18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SDONG TSHUGS|&nbsp;&#xf19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GCIG|&#xf1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GNYIS|&#xf1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GSUM|&#xf1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GCIG|&#xf1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GNYIS|&#xf1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR RDEL NAG|&#xf1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT ZERO|&#xf20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT ONE|&#xf21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT TWO|&#xf22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT THREE|&#xf23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT FOUR|&#xf24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT FIVE|&#xf25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT SIX|&#xf26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT SEVEN|&#xf27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT EIGHT|&#xf28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT NINE|&#xf29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ONE|&#xf2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF TWO|&#xf2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF THREE|&#xf2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FOUR|&#xf2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FIVE|&#xf2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SIX|&#xf2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SEVEN|&#xf30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF EIGHT|&#xf31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF NINE|&#xf32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ZERO|&#xf33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BSDUS RTAGS|&#xf34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG NYI ZLA|&nbsp;&#xf35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS BZHI MIG CAN|&#xf36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG SGOR RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CHE MGO|&#xf38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TSA -PHRU|&nbsp;&#xf39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYON|&#xf3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYAS|&#xf3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYON|&#xf3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYAS|&#xf3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN YAR TSHES|&#xf3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN MAR TSHES|&#xf3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KA|&#xf40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KHA|&#xf41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER GA|&#xf42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER GHA|&#xf43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NGA|&#xf44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER CA|&#xf45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER CHA|&#xf46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER JA|&#xf47;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NYA|&#xf49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TTA|&#xf4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TTHA|&#xf4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DDA|&#xf4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DDHA|&#xf4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NNA|&#xf4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TA|&#xf4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER THA|&#xf50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DA|&#xf51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DHA|&#xf52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NA|&#xf53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER PA|&#xf54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER PHA|&#xf55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER BA|&#xf56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER BHA|&#xf57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER MA|&#xf58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TSA|&#xf59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TSHA|&#xf5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DZA|&#xf5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DZHA|&#xf5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER WA|&#xf5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER ZHA|&#xf5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER ZA|&#xf5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER -A|&#xf60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER YA|&#xf61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER RA|&#xf62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER LA|&#xf63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SHA|&#xf64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SSA|&#xf65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SA|&#xf66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER HA|&#xf67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER A|&#xf68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KSSA|&#xf69;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER FIXED-FORM RA|&#xf6a;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KKA|&#xf6b;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER RRA|&#xf6c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F7x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN AA|&nbsp;&#xf71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN I|&nbsp;&#xf72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN II|&nbsp;&#xf73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN U|&nbsp;&#xf74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN UU|&nbsp;&#xf75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&nbsp;&#xf76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&nbsp;&#xf77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&nbsp;&#xf78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&nbsp;&#xf79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN E|&nbsp;&#xf7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN EE|&nbsp;&#xf7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN O|&nbsp;&#xf7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN OO|&nbsp;&#xf7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RJES SU NGA RO|&nbsp;&#xf7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RNAM BCAD|&#xf7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED I|&nbsp;&#xf80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED II|&nbsp;&#xf81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN NYI ZLA NAA DA|&nbsp;&#xf82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN SNA LDAN|&nbsp;&#xf83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK HALANTA|&nbsp;&#xf84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK PALUTA|&#xf85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN LCI RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN YANG RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN LCE TSA CAN|&#xf88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN MCHU CAN|&#xf89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN GRU CAN RGYINGS|&#xf8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN GRU MED RGYINGS|&#xf8b;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN INVERTED MCHU CAN|&#xf8c;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN LCE TSA CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8d;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN MCHU CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN INVERTED MCHU CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KA|&nbsp;&#xf90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KHA|&nbsp;&#xf91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GA|&nbsp;&#xf92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GHA|&nbsp;&#xf93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NGA|&nbsp;&#xf94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CA|&nbsp;&#xf95;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CHA|&nbsp;&#xf96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER JA|&nbsp;&#xf97;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NYA|&nbsp;&#xf99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTA|&nbsp;&#xf9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTHA|&nbsp;&#xf9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDA|&nbsp;&#xf9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDHA|&nbsp;&#xf9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NNA|&nbsp;&#xf9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TA|&nbsp;&#xf9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER THA|&nbsp;&#xfa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DA|&nbsp;&#xfa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DHA|&nbsp;&#xfa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NA|&nbsp;&#xfa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PA|&nbsp;&#xfa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PHA|&nbsp;&#xfa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BA|&nbsp;&#xfa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BHA|&nbsp;&#xfa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER MA|&nbsp;&#xfa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSA|&nbsp;&#xfa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSHA|&nbsp;&#xfaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZA|&nbsp;&#xfab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZHA|&nbsp;&#xfac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&nbsp;&#xfad;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZHA|&nbsp;&#xfae;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZA|&nbsp;&#xfaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FBx |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER -A|&nbsp;&#xfb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&nbsp;&#xfb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&nbsp;&#xfb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER LA|&nbsp;&#xfb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SHA|&nbsp;&#xfb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SSA|&nbsp;&#xfb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SA|&nbsp;&#xfb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER HA|&nbsp;&#xfb7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER A|&nbsp;&#xfb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KSSA|&nbsp;&#xfb9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM WA|&nbsp;&#xfba;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM YA|&nbsp;&#xfbb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM RA|&nbsp;&#xfbc;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN KU RU KHA|&#xfbe;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN KU RU KHA BZHI MIG CAN|&#xfbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN HEAVY BEAT|&#xfc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN LIGHT BEAT|&#xfc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN CANG TE-U|&#xfc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN SBUB -CHAL|&#xfc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL DRIL BU|&#xfc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE|&#xfc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL PADMA GDAN|&nbsp;&#xfc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE RGYA GRAM|&#xfc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL PHUR PA|&#xfc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU|&#xfc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU NYIS -KHYIL|&#xfca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU GSUM -KHYIL|&#xfcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU BZHI -KHYIL|&#xfcc;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG RDEL DKAR|&#xfce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GSUM|&#xfcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FDx |style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG GI MGO RGYAN|&#xfd0;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK MNYAM YIG GI MGO RGYAN|&#xfd1;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG|&#xfd2;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INITIAL BRDA RNYING YIG MGO MDUN MA|&#xfd3;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CLOSING BRDA RNYING YIG MGO SGAB MA|&#xfd4;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN|&#xfd5;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING SVASTI SIGN|&#xfd6;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN WITH DOTS|&#xfd7;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING SVASTI SIGN WITH DOTS|&#xfd8;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK LEADING MCHAN RTAGS|&#xfd9;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TRAILING MCHAN RTAGS|&#xfda;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} 6gc2qdh72wqetpyjvuuo4o7ibjcvy8y 4673502 4673500 2026-10-01T17:18:50Z ILYA125467 3627024 Recolored 4 characters from the Greek and Coptic block from 1.1 to 1.0, as they have mistakenly been colored incorrectly. 4673502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Basic Latin''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|000x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NULL|[NUL]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF HEADING|[SOH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF TEXT|[STX]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF TEXT|[ETX]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF TRANSMISSION|[EOT]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; ENQUIRY|[ENQ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; ACKNOWLEDGE|[ACK]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; BELL|[BEL]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; BACKSPACE|[BS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CHARACTER TABULATION|[HT]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; LINE FEED|[LF]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; LINE TABULATION|[VT]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; FORM FEED|[FF]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CARRIAGE RETURN|[CR]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SHIFT OUT|[SO]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SHIFT IN|[SI]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|001x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DATA LINK ESCAPE|[DLE]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL ONE|[DC1]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL TWO|[DC2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL THREE|[DC3]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL FOUR|[DC4]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|[NAK]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SYNCHRONOUS IDLE|[SYN]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|[ETB]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CANCEL|[CAN]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF MEDIUM|[EM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SUBSTITUTE|[SUB]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; ESCAPE|[ESC]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR|[FS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE|[GS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO|[RS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE|[US]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|002x |style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPACE|[SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUOTATION MARK|&#x22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SIGN|&#x23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOLLAR SIGN|&#x24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERCENT SIGN|&#x25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMPERSAND|&#x26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APOSTROPHE|&#x27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISK|&#x2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN|&#x2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMA|&#x2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN-MINUS|&#x2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL STOP|&#x2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLASH|&#x2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|003x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ZERO|&#x30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE|&#x31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO|&#x32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE|&#x33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR|&#x34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE|&#x35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX|&#x36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN|&#x37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT|&#x38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE|&#x39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON|&#x3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMICOLON|&#x3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN SIGN|&#x3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN|&#x3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN SIGN|&#x3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTION MARK|&#x3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|004x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMERCIAL AT|&#x40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|005x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET|&#x5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLASH|&#x5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET|&#x5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW LINE|&#x5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|006x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GRAVE ACCENT|&#x60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|007x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET|&#x7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE|&#x7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET|&#x7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE|&#x7e;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DELETE|[DEL]}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Latin-1 Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|008x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PADDING CHARACTER|[PAD]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; HIGH OCTET PRESET|[HOP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; BREAK PERMITTED HERE|[BPH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NO BREAK HERE|[NBH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INDEX|[IND]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NEXT LINE|[NEL]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF SELECTED AREA|[SSA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF SELECTED AREA|[ESA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CHARACTER TABULATION SET|[HTS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION|[HTJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; LINE TABULATION SET|[VTS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PARTIAL LINE FORWARD|[PLD]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD|[PLU]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; REVERSE LINE FEED|[RI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE SHIFT TWO|[SS2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE SHIFT THREE|[SS3]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};font-size:133%"|009x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL STRING|[DCS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVATE USE ONE|[PU1]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVATE USE TWO|[PU2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SET TRANSMIT STATE|[STS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CANCEL CHARACTER|[CCH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; MESSAGE WAITING|[MW]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF GUARDED AREA|[SPA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF GUARDED AREA|[EPA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF STRING|[SOS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER|[SGCI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER|[SCI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER|[CSI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; STRING TERMINATOR|[ST]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND|[OSC]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVACY MESSAGE|[PM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND|[APC]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Ax |style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NO-BREAK SPACE|[NBSP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#xa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENT SIGN|&#xa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POUND SIGN|&#xa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURRENCY SIGN|&#xa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEN SIGN|&#xa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN BAR|&#xa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTION SIGN|&#xa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAERESIS|&#xa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPYRIGHT SIGN|&#xa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR|&#xaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#xab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SIGN|&#xac;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFT HYPHEN|[SHY -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGISTERED SIGN|&#xae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MACRON|&#xaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE SIGN|&#xb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS-MINUS SIGN|&#xb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT TWO|&#xb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT THREE|&#xb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ACCENT|&#xb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICRO SIGN|&#xb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PILCROW SIGN|&#xb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDDLE DOT|&#xb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDILLA|&#xb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ONE|&#xb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR|&#xba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#xbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED QUESTION MARK|&#xbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE|&#xc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE|&#xc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE|&#xc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#xc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE|&#xc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE|&#xc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA|&#xc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE|&#xc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE|&#xc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#xcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#xcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE|&#xcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#xcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH|&#xd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE|&#xd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE|&#xd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE|&#xd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE|&#xd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#xd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN|&#xd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE|&#xd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE|&#xd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE|&#xda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#xdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE|&#xdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN|&#xde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S|&#xdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE|&#xe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE|&#xe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE|&#xe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#xe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE|&#xe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE|&#xe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA|&#xe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE|&#xe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE|&#xe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#xeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#xec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE|&#xed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#xef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|00Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH|&#xf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE|&#xf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE|&#xf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE|&#xf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE|&#xf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#xf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SIGN|&#xf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE|&#xf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE|&#xf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE|&#xfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#xfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE|&#xfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN|&#xfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS|&#xff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|010x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON|&#x100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON|&#x101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK|&#x104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK|&#x105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH ACUTE|&#x106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE|&#x107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON|&#x10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON|&#x10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON|&#x10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON|&#x10f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|011x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE|&#x110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE|&#x111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON|&#x112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON|&#x113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH BREVE|&#x114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH BREVE|&#x115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK|&#x118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK|&#x119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CARON|&#x11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON|&#x11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE|&#x11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE|&#x11f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|012x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA|&#x122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA|&#x123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE|&#x126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE|&#x127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE|&#x128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE|&#x129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH BREVE|&#x12c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH BREVE|&#x12d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK|&#x12e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK|&#x12f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|013x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I|&#x131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ|&#x132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ|&#x133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA|&#x136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA|&#x137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA|&#x138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH ACUTE|&#x139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE|&#x13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA|&#x13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA|&#x13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON|&#x13d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON|&#x13e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x13f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|014x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE|&#x141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE|&#x142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH ACUTE|&#x143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE|&#x144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA|&#x145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA|&#x146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CARON|&#x147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON|&#x148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE|&#x149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ENG|&#x14a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG|&#x14b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON|&#x14c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON|&#x14d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH BREVE|&#x14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH BREVE|&#x14f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|015x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE|&#x152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE|&#x153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH ACUTE|&#x154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE|&#x155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA|&#x156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA|&#x157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON|&#x158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON|&#x159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE|&#x15a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE|&#x15b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x15c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x15d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA|&#x15e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA|&#x15f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|016x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON|&#x160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON|&#x161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA|&#x162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA|&#x163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON|&#x164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON|&#x165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH STROKE|&#x166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE|&#x167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE|&#x168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE|&#x169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x16a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x16b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE|&#x16c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE|&#x16d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE|&#x16e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE|&#x16f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|017x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK|&#x172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK|&#x173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS|&#x178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE|&#x179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE|&#x17a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x17b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x17e;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S|&#x17f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|018x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH STROKE|&#x180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH HOOK|&#x181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR|&#x182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR|&#x183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE SIX|&#x184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE SIX|&#x185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN O|&#x186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH HOOK|&#x187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK|&#x188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AFRICAN D|&#x189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH HOOK|&#x18a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR|&#x18b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR|&#x18c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED DELTA|&#x18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED E|&#x18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA|&#x18f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|019x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN E|&#x190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH HOOK|&#x191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK|&#x192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH HOOK|&#x193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|&#x194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HV|&#x195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IOTA|&#x196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE|&#x197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH HOOK|&#x198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK|&#x199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BAR|&#x19a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE|&#x19b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED M|&#x19c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x19d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG|&#x19e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x19f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN|&#x1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN|&#x1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GHA|&#x1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GHA|&#x1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH HOOK|&#x1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH HOOK|&#x1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER YR|&#x1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE TWO|&#x1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE TWO|&#x1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH|&#x1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP|&#x1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH HOOK|&#x1ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK|&#x1ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN|&#x1af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN|&#x1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON|&#x1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH HOOK|&#x1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK|&#x1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK|&#x1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH STROKE|&#x1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH STROKE|&#x1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH|&#x1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH REVERSED|&#x1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH REVERSED|&#x1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH TAIL|&#x1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER TWO WITH STROKE|&#x1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE FIVE|&#x1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE FIVE|&#x1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER WYNN|&#x1bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK|&#x1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK|&#x1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER ALVEOLAR CLICK|&#x1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK|&#x1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON|&#x1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON|&#x1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LJ|&#x1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J|&#x1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LJ|&#x1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER NJ|&#x1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J|&#x1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ|&#x1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CARON|&#x1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CARON|&#x1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CARON|&#x1cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CARON|&#x1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CARON|&#x1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CARON|&#x1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CARON|&#x1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CARON|&#x1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE|&#x1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE|&#x1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON|&#x1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON|&#x1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE|&#x1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE|&#x1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED E|&#x1dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON|&#x1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON|&#x1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH STROKE|&#x1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE|&#x1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CARON|&#x1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON|&#x1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CARON|&#x1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON|&#x1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK|&#x1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK|&#x1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON|&#x1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON|&#x1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH WITH CARON|&#x1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON|&#x1ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|01Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CARON|&#x1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ|&#x1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z|&#x1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ|&#x1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH ACUTE|&#x1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH ACUTE|&#x1f5;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HWAIR|&#x1f6;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN|&#x1f7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH GRAVE|&#x1f8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE|&#x1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE|&#x1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE|&#x1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE|&#x1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE|&#x1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE|&#x1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE|&#x1ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|020x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|021x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x217;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x218;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x219;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x21a;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x21b;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH|&#x21c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH|&#x21d;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CARON|&#x21e;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON|&#x21f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|022x |style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG|&#x220;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CURL|&#x221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU|&#x222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OU|&#x223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH HOOK|&#x224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH HOOK|&#x225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA|&#x228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA|&#x229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON|&#x22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON|&#x22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x22f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|023x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x230;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x231;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON|&#x232;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON|&#x233;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CURL|&#x234;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CURL|&#x235;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CURL|&#x236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J|&#x237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DB DIGRAPH|&#x238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER QP DIGRAPH|&#x239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH STROKE|&#x23a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH STROKE|&#x23b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH STROKE|&#x23c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH BAR|&#x23d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#x23e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x23f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|024x |style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x240;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH STROKE|&#x243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U BAR|&#x244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED V|&#x245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH STROKE|&#x246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH STROKE|&#x247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH STROKE|&#x248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH STROKE|&#x249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SMALL Q WITH HOOK TAIL|&#x24a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK TAIL|&#x24b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH STROKE|&#x24c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH STROKE|&#x24d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH STROKE|&#x24e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH STROKE|&#x24f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''IPA Extensions''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|025x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED A|&#x250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA|&#x251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|&#x252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK|&#x253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O|&#x254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CURL|&#x255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL|&#x256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK|&#x257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED E|&#x258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&#x259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH HOOK|&#x25a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E|&#x25b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E|&#x25c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH HOOK|&#x25d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E|&#x25e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE|&#x25f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|026x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK|&#x260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G|&#x261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G|&#x262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN|&#x264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H|&#x265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK|&#x266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK|&#x267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE|&#x268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#x269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I|&#x26a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x26b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT|&#x26c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x26d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH|&#x26e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M|&#x26f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|027x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M WITH LONG LEG|&#x270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH HOOK|&#x271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N|&#x274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O|&#x275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE|&#x276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA|&#x277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI|&#x278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R|&#x279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH LONG LEG|&#x27a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH HOOK|&#x27b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG|&#x27c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TAIL|&#x27d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK|&#x27e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED R WITH FISHHOOK|&#x27f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|028x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R|&#x280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R|&#x281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK|&#x282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH|&#x283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SQUAT REVERSED ESH|&#x285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL|&#x286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T|&#x287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR|&#x289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON|&#x28a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK|&#x28b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V|&#x28c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED W|&#x28d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Y|&#x28e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y|&#x28f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|029x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CURL|&#x291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH|&#x292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CURL|&#x293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE|&#x295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C|&#x297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK|&#x298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B|&#x299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E|&#x29a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK|&#x29b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H|&#x29c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#x29d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K|&#x29e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L|&#x29f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK|&#x2a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x2a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x2a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH|&#x2a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH|&#x2a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x2a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH|&#x2a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH|&#x2a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x2a8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH|&#x2a9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH|&#x2aa;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH|&#x2ab;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BILABIAL PERCUSSIVE|&#x2ac;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BIDENTAL PERCUSSIVE|&#x2ad;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK|&#x2ae;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK AND TAIL|&#x2af;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H|&#x2b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK|&#x2b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J|&#x2b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R|&#x2b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R|&#x2b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK|&#x2b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R|&#x2b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W|&#x2b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y|&#x2b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER PRIME|&#x2b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME|&#x2ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA|&#x2bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE|&#x2bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA|&#x2bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING|&#x2be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING|&#x2bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD|&#x2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD|&#x2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD|&#x2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD|&#x2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARON|&#x2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE|&#x2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MACRON|&#x2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE|&#x2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON|&#x2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON|&#x2d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON|&#x2d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING|&#x2d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING|&#x2d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK|&#x2d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK|&#x2d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN|&#x2d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN|&#x2d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BREVE|&#x2d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT ABOVE|&#x2d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING ABOVE|&#x2da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGONEK|&#x2db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL TILDE|&#x2dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK|&nbsp;&#x2de;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT|&#x2df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA|&#x2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L|&#x2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S|&#x2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X|&#x2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR|&#x2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR|&#x2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR|&#x2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR|&#x2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR|&#x2e9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK|&#x2ea;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK|&#x2eb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER VOICING|&#x2ec;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED|&#x2ed;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE|&#x2ee;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOWN ARROWHEAD|&#x2ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|02Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW UP ARROWHEAD|&#x2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROWHEAD|&#x2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW RIGHT ARROWHEAD|&#x2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW RING|&#x2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE|&#x2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON|&#x2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN HIGH TONE|&#x2f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER END HIGH TONE|&#x2fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN LOW TONE|&#x2fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER END LOW TONE|&#x2fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SHELF|&#x2fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER OPEN SHELF|&#x2fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROW|&#x2ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|030x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE|&nbsp;&#x303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON|&nbsp;&#x304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OVERLINE|&nbsp;&#x305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BREVE|&nbsp;&#x306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DIAERESIS|&nbsp;&#x308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HOOK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x30b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CARON|&nbsp;&#x30c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x30f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|031x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CANDRABINDU|&nbsp;&#x310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BREVE|&nbsp;&#x311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x31a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HORN|&nbsp;&#x31b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING UP TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|032x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CEDILLA|&nbsp;&#x327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OGONEK|&nbsp;&#x328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CARON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|033x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LOW LINE|&nbsp;&#x332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE|&nbsp;&#x333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG STROKE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SQUARE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING X ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x33d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE|&nbsp;&#x33e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE OVERLINE|&nbsp;&#x33f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|034x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK|&nbsp;&#x340;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK|&nbsp;&#x341;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK PERISPOMENI|&nbsp;&#x342;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK KORONIS|&nbsp;&#x343;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS|&nbsp;&#x344;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI|&nbsp;&#x345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BRIDGE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING EQUALS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING NOT TILDE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HOMOTHETIC ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x34d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING UPWARDS ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x34e;}}||style="{{3.2}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER|[CGJ]}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|035x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HALF RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FERMATA|&nbsp;&#x352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING X BELOW|&nbsp;&#x353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD AND UP ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x357;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT ABOVE RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x358;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x359;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35a;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ZIGZAG ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x35b;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE|&nbsp;&#x35d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON|&nbsp;&#x35e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|036x |style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE|&nbsp;&#x360;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE|&nbsp;&#x361;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE RIGHTWARDS ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&nbsp;&#x363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&nbsp;&#x364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&nbsp;&#x365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&nbsp;&#x366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&nbsp;&#x367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&nbsp;&#x368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&nbsp;&#x369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&nbsp;&#x36a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&nbsp;&#x36b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&nbsp;&#x36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&nbsp;&#x36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&nbsp;&#x36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&nbsp;&#x36f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Greek and Coptic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|037x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER HETA|&#x370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER HETA|&#x371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI|&#x372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI|&#x373;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK NUMERAL SIGN|&#x374;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN|&#x375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA|&#x376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA|&#x377;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x37a;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37b;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37c;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37d;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK QUESTION MARK|&#x37e;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT|&#x37f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|038x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TONOS|&#x384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS|&#x385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS|&#x386;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ANO TELEIA|&#x387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS|&#x389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS|&#x38a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS|&#x38c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x38e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS|&#x38f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|039x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS|&#x390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|&#x391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA|&#x392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|&#x393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA|&#x394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON|&#x395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA|&#x396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA|&#x397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA|&#x398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA|&#x399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA|&#x39a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA|&#x39b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU|&#x39c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU|&#x39d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI|&#x39e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON|&#x39f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI|&#x3a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO|&#x3a1;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA|&#x3a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU|&#x3a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON|&#x3a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI|&#x3a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI|&#x3a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI|&#x3a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA|&#x3a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS|&#x3ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x3ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS|&#x3ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS|&#x3af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS|&#x3b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA|&#x3b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA|&#x3b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x3b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA|&#x3b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON|&#x3b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA|&#x3b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA|&#x3b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA|&#x3b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#x3b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA|&#x3ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA|&#x3bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER MU|&#x3bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER NU|&#x3bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER XI|&#x3be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON|&#x3bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PI|&#x3c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO|&#x3c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA|&#x3c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA|&#x3c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU|&#x3c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON|&#x3c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI|&#x3c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI|&#x3c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI|&#x3c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA|&#x3c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS|&#x3cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x3cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS|&#x3ce;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL KAI SYMBOL|&#x3cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK BETA SYMBOL|&#x3d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK THETA SYMBOL|&#x3d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH ACUTE AND HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH DIAERESIS AND HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PHI SYMBOL|&#x3d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PI SYMBOL|&#x3d6;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KAI SYMBOL|&#x3d7;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA|&#x3d8;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA|&#x3d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER STIGMA|&#x3da;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA|&#x3db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER DIGAMMA|&#x3dc;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA|&#x3dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER KOPPA|&#x3de;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER KOPPA|&#x3df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SAMPI|&#x3e0;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SAMPI|&#x3e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHEI|&#x3e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHEI|&#x3e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FEI|&#x3e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FEI|&#x3e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHEI|&#x3e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHEI|&#x3e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HORI|&#x3e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HORI|&#x3e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GANGIA|&#x3ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GANGIA|&#x3eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHIMA|&#x3ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHIMA|&#x3ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DEI|&#x3ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DEI|&#x3ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|03Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL|&#x3f0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK RHO SYMBOL|&#x3f1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3f2;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER YOT|&#x3f3;}}||style="{{3.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL|&#x3f4;}}||style="{{3.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x3f5;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK REVERSED LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x3f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SHO|&#x3f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SHO|&#x3f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SAN|&#x3fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SAN|&#x3fb;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK RHO WITH STROKE SYMBOL|&#x3fc;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3fd;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3fe;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|040x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE|&#x400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO|&#x401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJE|&#x402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GJE|&#x403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE|&#x404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE|&#x405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI|&#x407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER JE|&#x408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE|&#x409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NJE|&#x40a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSHE|&#x40b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KJE|&#x40c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#x40d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT U|&#x40e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZHE|&#x40f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|041x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE|&#x411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE|&#x412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE|&#x413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE|&#x414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE|&#x415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE|&#x416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE|&#x417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I|&#x419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA|&#x41a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL|&#x41b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM|&#x41c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN|&#x41d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x41e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|&#x41f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|042x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER|&#x420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES|&#x421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE|&#x422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF|&#x424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA|&#x425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE|&#x426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE|&#x427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA|&#x429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|&#x42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#x42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|&#x42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA|&#x42f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|043x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A|&#x430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE|&#x431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE|&#x432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE|&#x433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE|&#x434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE|&#x435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE|&#x436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE|&#x437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I|&#x438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I|&#x439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA|&#x43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL|&#x43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM|&#x43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN|&#x43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O|&#x43e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE|&#x43f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|044x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER|&#x440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES|&#x441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE|&#x442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U|&#x443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF|&#x444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA|&#x445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE|&#x446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE|&#x447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA|&#x449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU|&#x44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#x44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E|&#x44d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU|&#x44e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA|&#x44f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|045x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE|&#x450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO|&#x451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJE|&#x452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE|&#x453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE|&#x454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE|&#x455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI|&#x457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE|&#x458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE|&#x459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE|&#x45a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE|&#x45b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE|&#x45c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#x45d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U|&#x45e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE|&#x45f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|046x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA|&#x460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA|&#x461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT|&#x462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT|&#x463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED E|&#x464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E|&#x465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LITTLE YUS|&#x466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LITTLE YUS|&#x467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS|&#x468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS|&#x469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x46a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x46b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS|&#x46c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS|&#x46d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|&#x46e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI|&#x46f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|047x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|&#x470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PSI|&#x471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|&#x472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER FITA|&#x473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK|&#x478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK|&#x479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA|&#x47a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA|&#x47b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO|&#x47c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO|&#x47d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OT|&#x47e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OT|&#x47f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|048x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA|&#x480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOPPA|&#x481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC THOUSANDS SIGN|&#x482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC TITLO|&nbsp;&#x483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC PALATALIZATION|&nbsp;&#x484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|&nbsp;&#x485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC PSILI PNEUMATA|&nbsp;&#x486;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC POKRYTIE|&nbsp;&#x487;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC HUNDRED THOUSANDS SIGN|&nbsp;&#x488;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC MILLIONS SIGN|&nbsp;&#x489;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL|&#x48a;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL|&#x48b;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN|&#x48c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN|&#x48d;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER WITH TICK|&#x48e;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER WITH TICK|&#x48f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|049x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN|&#x490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN|&#x491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE|&#x492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE|&#x493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER|&#x498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER|&#x499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER|&#x49a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER|&#x49b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x49c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x49d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH STROKE|&#x49e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH STROKE|&#x49f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BASHKIR KA|&#x4a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA|&#x4a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER|&#x4a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER|&#x4a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE EN GHE|&#x4a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE EN GHE|&#x4a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x4a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x4a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA|&#x4a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA|&#x4a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER|&#x4aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U|&#x4ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U|&#x4af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE|&#x4b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE|&#x4b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE TE TSE|&#x4b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE TE TSE|&#x4b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x4b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x4b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA|&#x4ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA|&#x4bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE|&#x4bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE|&#x4bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC LETTER PALOCHKA|&#x4c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE|&#x4c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE|&#x4c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH HOOK|&#x4c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH HOOK|&#x4c4;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH TAIL|&#x4c5;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH TAIL|&#x4c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH HOOK|&#x4c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH HOOK|&#x4c8;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH TAIL|&#x4c9;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH TAIL|&#x4ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE|&#x4cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE|&#x4cc;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM WITH TAIL|&#x4cd;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM WITH TAIL|&#x4ce;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PALOCHKA|&#x4cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE A IE|&#x4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE A IE|&#x4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH BREVE|&#x4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH BREVE|&#x4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA|&#x4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&#x4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE|&#x4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE|&#x4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O|&#x4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O|&#x4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4eb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ec;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x4ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|04Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4f6;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f9;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x4fa;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x4fb;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH HOOK|&#x4fc;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH HOOK|&#x4fd;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH STROKE|&#x4fe;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH STROKE|&#x4ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|050x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DE|&#x500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DE|&#x501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DJE|&#x502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DJE|&#x503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI ZJE|&#x504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI ZJE|&#x505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DZJE|&#x506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DZJE|&#x507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI LJE|&#x508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI LJE|&#x509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI NJE|&#x50a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI NJE|&#x50b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI SJE|&#x50c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI SJE|&#x50d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI TJE|&#x50e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI TJE|&#x50f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|051x |style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED ZE|&#x510;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED ZE|&#x511;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH HOOK|&#x512;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH HOOK|&#x513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LHA|&#x514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LHA|&#x515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER RHA|&#x516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER RHA|&#x517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAE|&#x518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAE|&#x519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER QA|&#x51a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER QA|&#x51b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER WE|&#x51c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WE|&#x51d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ALEUT KA|&#x51e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ALEUT KA|&#x51f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{7.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|052x |style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x520;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x521;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x522;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x523;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH DESCENDER|&#x524;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH DESCENDER|&#x525;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA WITH DESCENDER|&#x526;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA WITH DESCENDER|&#x527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZZHE|&#x52a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZZHE|&#x52b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DCHE|&#x52c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DCHE|&#x52d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER|&#x52e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER|&#x52f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Armenian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|053x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER AYB|&#x531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER BEN|&#x532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GIM|&#x533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER DA|&#x534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH|&#x535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZA|&#x536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER EH|&#x537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ET|&#x538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TO|&#x539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZHE|&#x53a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER INI|&#x53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER LIWN|&#x53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER XEH|&#x53d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CA|&#x53e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEN|&#x53f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|054x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER HO|&#x540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JA|&#x541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD|&#x542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHEH|&#x543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER MEN|&#x544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YI|&#x545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER NOW|&#x546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO|&#x548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHA|&#x549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PEH|&#x54a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JHEH|&#x54b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER RA|&#x54c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SEH|&#x54d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VEW|&#x54e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TIWN|&#x54f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|055x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER REH|&#x550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CO|&#x551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YIWN|&#x552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PIWR|&#x553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEH|&#x554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER OH|&#x555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER FEH|&#x556;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ARMENIAN SMALL EH|&#x558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING|&#x559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE|&#x55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN EMPHASIS MARK|&#x55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN COMMA|&#x55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK|&#x55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN ABBREVIATION MARK|&#x55f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|056x |style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TURNED AYB|&#x560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER AYB|&#x561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER BEN|&#x562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GIM|&#x563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER DA|&#x564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ECH|&#x565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZA|&#x566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER EH|&#x567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ET|&#x568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TO|&#x569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZHE|&#x56a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER INI|&#x56b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER LIWN|&#x56c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER XEH|&#x56d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CA|&#x56e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEN|&#x56f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|057x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER HO|&#x570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JA|&#x571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD|&#x572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHEH|&#x573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER MEN|&#x574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI|&#x575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER NOW|&#x576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO|&#x578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHA|&#x579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PEH|&#x57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JHEH|&#x57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER RA|&#x57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SEH|&#x57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VEW|&#x57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TIWN|&#x57f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|058x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER REH|&#x580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CO|&#x581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YIWN|&#x582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PIWR|&#x583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEH|&#x584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER OH|&#x585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER FEH|&#x586;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN|&#x587;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI WITH STROKE|&#x588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN FULL STOP|&#x589;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN HYPHEN|&#x58a;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ARMENIAN SMALL INI|&#x58b;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ARMENIAN SMALL YE|&#x58c;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN|&#x58d;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN|&#x58e;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN DRAM SIGN|&#x58f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Hebrew''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|059x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ETNAHTA|&nbsp;&#x591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT SHALSHELET|&nbsp;&#x593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF QATAN|&nbsp;&#x594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF GADOL|&nbsp;&#x595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TIPEHA|&nbsp;&#x596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT REVIA|&nbsp;&#x597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA|&nbsp;&#x598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT PASHTA|&nbsp;&#x599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT YETIV|&nbsp;&#x59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TEVIR|&nbsp;&#x59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERESH|&nbsp;&#x59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERESH MUQDAM|&nbsp;&#x59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERSHAYIM|&nbsp;&#x59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT QARNEY PARA|&nbsp;&#x59f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA GEDOLA|&nbsp;&#x5a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT PAZER|&nbsp;&#x5a1;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ATNAH HAFUKH|&nbsp;&#x5a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MUNAH|&nbsp;&#x5a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MAHAPAKH|&nbsp;&#x5a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA|&nbsp;&#x5a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA KEFULA|&nbsp;&#x5a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT DARGA|&nbsp;&#x5a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT QADMA|&nbsp;&#x5a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA QETANA|&nbsp;&#x5a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT YERAH BEN YOMO|&nbsp;&#x5aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT OLE|&nbsp;&#x5ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ILUY|&nbsp;&#x5ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT DEHI|&nbsp;&#x5ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR|&nbsp;&#x5ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK MASORA CIRCLE|&nbsp;&#x5af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SHEVA|&nbsp;&#x5b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x5b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH|&nbsp;&#x5b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS|&nbsp;&#x5b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HIRIQ|&nbsp;&#x5b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT TSERE|&nbsp;&#x5b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x5b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT PATAH|&nbsp;&#x5b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QAMATS|&nbsp;&#x5b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HOLAM|&nbsp;&#x5b9;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV|&nbsp;&#x5ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QUBUTS|&nbsp;&#x5bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ|&nbsp;&#x5bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT METEG|&nbsp;&#x5bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF|&#x5be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT RAFE|&nbsp;&#x5bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Cx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ|&#x5c0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SIN DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ|&#x5c3;}}||style="{{2.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c4;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK LOWER DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA|&#x5c6;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN|&nbsp;&#x5c7;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SHEVA NA MUDGASH|&#x5c8;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT DAGESH HAZAQ MUDGASH|&#x5c9;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER ALEF|&#x5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER BET|&#x5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER GIMEL|&#x5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER DALET|&#x5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER HE|&#x5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER VAV|&#x5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN|&#x5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER HET|&#x5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TET|&#x5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER YOD|&#x5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF|&#x5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER KAF|&#x5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER LAMED|&#x5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM|&#x5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER MEM|&#x5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN|&#x5df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER NUN|&#x5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH|&#x5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER AYIN|&#x5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE|&#x5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER PE|&#x5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI|&#x5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TSADI|&#x5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER QOF|&#x5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER RESH|&#x5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER SHIN|&#x5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TAV|&#x5ea;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW YOD TRIANGLE|&#x5ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|05Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV|&#x5f0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH VAV YOD|&#x5f1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD|&#x5f2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH|&#x5f3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM|&#x5f4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|060x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NUMBER SIGN|&#x600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SANAH|&#x601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER|&#x602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SAFHA|&#x603;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SAMVAT|&#x604;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NUMBER MARK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x605;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC CUBE ROOT|&#x606;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC FOURTH ROOT|&#x607;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RAY|&#x608;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC PER MILLE SIGN|&#x609;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|&#x60a;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AFGHANI SIGN|&#x60b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC COMMA|&#x60c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DATE SEPARATOR|&#x60d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC POETIC VERSE SIGN|&#x60e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN MISRA|&#x60f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|061x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASSALLAM|&nbsp;&#x610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN ALAYHE ASSALLAM|&nbsp;&#x611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN RAHMATULLAH ALAYHE|&nbsp;&#x612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN RADI ALLAHOU ANHU|&nbsp;&#x613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN TAKHALLUS|&nbsp;&#x614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH TAH|&nbsp;&#x615;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH YEH BARREE|&nbsp;&#x616;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAIN|&nbsp;&#x617;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL FATHA|&nbsp;&#x618;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x619;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL KASRA|&nbsp;&#x61a;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SEMICOLON|&#x61b;}}||style="{{6.3}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MARK|[ALM]}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC END OF TEXT MARK|&nbsp;&#x61d;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TRIPLE DOT PUNCTUATION MARK|&#x61e;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC QUESTION MARK|&#x61f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|062x |style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KASHMIRI YEH|&#x620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAMZA|&#x621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE|&#x622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW|&#x625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF|&#x627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH|&#x628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA|&#x629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH|&#x62a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THEH|&#x62b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM|&#x62c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH|&#x62d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KHAH|&#x62e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL|&#x62f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|063x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THAL|&#x630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH|&#x631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAIN|&#x632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN|&#x633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SHEEN|&#x634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD|&#x635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAD|&#x636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH|&#x637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAH|&#x638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN|&#x639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN|&#x63a;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x63b;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x63c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH INVERTED V|&#x63d;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x63e;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x63f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|064x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL|&#x640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH|&#x641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF|&#x642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF|&#x643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM|&#x644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM|&#x645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON|&#x646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH|&#x647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW|&#x648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA|&#x649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH|&#x64a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x64b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x64c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x64d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA|&nbsp;&#x64e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x64f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|065x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRA|&nbsp;&#x650;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SHADDA|&nbsp;&#x651;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUKUN|&nbsp;&#x652;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MADDAH ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x653;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HAMZA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x654;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HAMZA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x655;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUBSCRIPT ALEF|&nbsp;&#x656;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC INVERTED DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x657;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MARK NOON GHUNNA|&nbsp;&#x658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC ZWARAKAY|&nbsp;&#x659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN SMALL V ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x65a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN INVERTED SMALL V ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x65b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x65c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC REVERSED DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x65d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH TWO DOTS|&nbsp;&#x65e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC WAVY HAMZA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x65f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|066x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO|&#x660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE|&#x661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO|&#x662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE|&#x663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX|&#x666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE|&#x669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PERCENT SIGN|&#x66a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DECIMAL SEPARATOR|&#x66b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC THOUSANDS SEPARATOR|&#x66c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FIVE POINTED STAR|&#x66d;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS BEH|&#x66e;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS QAF|&#x66f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|067x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF|&nbsp;&#x670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA|&#x671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE|&#x672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW|&#x673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA|&nbsp;&#x674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA ALEF|&#x675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA WAW|&#x676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER U WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA YEH|&#x678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEH|&#x679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH|&#x67a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEEH|&#x67b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH RING|&#x67c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS|&#x67d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH|&#x67e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEHEH|&#x67f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|068x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEHEH|&#x680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL ABOVE|&#x682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NYEH|&#x683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DYEH|&#x684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH|&#x686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH|&#x687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DDAL|&#x688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH RING|&#x689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW|&#x68a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW AND SMALL TAH|&#x68b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAHAL|&#x68c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL|&#x68d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DUL|&#x68e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS|&#x68f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|069x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER RREH|&#x691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V|&#x692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH RING|&#x693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V BELOW|&#x695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEH|&#x698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x69a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x69b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x69d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS FEH|&#x6a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW|&#x6a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER VEH|&#x6a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEHEH|&#x6a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH|&#x6a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF|&#x6aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING|&#x6ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NG|&#x6ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF|&#x6af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING|&#x6b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NGOEH|&#x6b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x6b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GUEH|&#x6b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V|&#x6b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6b7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6b8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA|&#x6ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER RNOON|&#x6bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING|&#x6bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE|&#x6be;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE|&#x6c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL|&#x6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL|&#x6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH RING|&#x6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE|&#x6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER OE|&#x6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER U|&#x6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YU|&#x6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ YU|&#x6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER VE|&#x6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH|&#x6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL|&#x6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V|&#x6ce;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Dx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER E|&#x6d0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6d1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE|&#x6d2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x6d3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FULL STOP|&#x6d4;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AE|&#x6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE SAD WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA|&nbsp;&#x6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE QAF WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA|&nbsp;&#x6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM INITIAL FORM|&nbsp;&#x6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LAM ALEF|&nbsp;&#x6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH JEEM|&nbsp;&#x6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH THREE DOTS|&nbsp;&#x6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SEEN|&nbsp;&#x6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC END OF AYAH|&#x6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC START OF RUB EL HIZB|&#x6de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ROUNDED ZERO|&nbsp;&#x6df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH UPRIGHT RECTANGULAR ZERO|&nbsp;&#x6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH DOTLESS HEAD OF KHAH|&nbsp;&#x6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM ISOLATED FORM|&nbsp;&#x6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW SEEN|&nbsp;&#x6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MADDA|&nbsp;&#x6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL WAW|&#x6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL YEH|&#x6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH|&nbsp;&#x6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON|&nbsp;&#x6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PLACE OF SAJDAH|&#x6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE LOW STOP|&nbsp;&#x6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE HIGH STOP|&nbsp;&#x6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC ROUNDED HIGH STOP WITH FILLED CENTRE|&nbsp;&#x6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW MEEM|&nbsp;&#x6ed;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ee;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|06Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO|&#x6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE|&#x6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO|&#x6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE|&#x6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x6f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX|&#x6f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x6f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x6f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE|&#x6f9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SHEEN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fa;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAD WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fc;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SINDHI AMPERSAND|&#x6fd;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SINDHI POSTPOSITION MEN|&#x6fe;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Syriac''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|070x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC END OF PARAGRAPH|&#x700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR FULL STOP|&#x701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR FULL STOP|&#x702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON|&#x703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON|&#x704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HORIZONTAL COLON|&#x705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC COLON SKEWED RIGHT|&#x707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC CONTRACTION|&#x70a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN OBELUS|&#x70b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN METOBELUS|&#x70c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN ASTERISCUS|&#x70d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK|&nbsp;&#x70f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|071x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER ALAPH|&#x710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALAPH|&nbsp;&#x711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER BETH|&#x712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL|&#x713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL GARSHUNI|&#x714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER DALATH|&#x715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER DOTLESS DALATH RISH|&#x716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER HE|&#x717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER WAW|&#x718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN|&#x719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER HETH|&#x71a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TETH|&#x71b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TETH GARSHUNI|&#x71c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER YUDH|&#x71d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER YUDH HE|&#x71e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER KAPH|&#x71f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|072x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER LAMADH|&#x720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MIM|&#x721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER NUN|&#x722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SEMKATH|&#x723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER FINAL SEMKATH|&#x724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER E|&#x725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PE|&#x726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER REVERSED PE|&#x727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SADHE|&#x728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER QAPH|&#x729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER RISH|&#x72a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SHIN|&#x72b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TAW|&#x72c;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN BHETH|&#x72d;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN GHAMAL|&#x72e;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN DHALATH|&#x72f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|073x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RBASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RBASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA HORIZONTAL|&nbsp;&#x738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA ANGULAR|&nbsp;&#x739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x73a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x73b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA-ESASA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x73c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ESASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x73d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ESASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x73e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RWAHA|&nbsp;&#x73f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|074x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC FEMININE DOT|&nbsp;&#x740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA|&nbsp;&#x741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RUKKAKHA|&nbsp;&#x742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC THREE DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC THREE DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC MUSIC|&nbsp;&#x749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC BARREKH|&nbsp;&#x74a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN ZHAIN|&#x74d;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN KHAPH|&#x74e;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN FE|&#x74f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|075x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS HORIZONTALLY BELOW|&#x750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x752;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x753;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x754;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V|&#x756;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW AND SMALL TAH|&#x759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x75a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH STROKE|&#x75b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x75c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x75d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS POINTING DOWNWARDS ABOVE|&#x75e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x75f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|076x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT BELOW|&#x766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL TAH|&#x768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL V|&#x769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH BAR|&#x76a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x76b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x76c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x76d;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH BELOW|&#x76e;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x76f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|077x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x770;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x771;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE|&#x772;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x773;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x774;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR BELOW|&#x777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x77a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x77b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR BELOW|&#x77c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR ABOVE|&#x77d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH INVERTED V|&#x77e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x77f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Thaana''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|078x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER HAA|&#x780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SHAVIYANI|&#x781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER NOONU|&#x782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER RAA|&#x783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER BAA|&#x784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER LHAVIYANI|&#x785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER KAAFU|&#x786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ALIFU|&#x787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER VAAVU|&#x788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER MEEMU|&#x789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER FAAFU|&#x78a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DHAALU|&#x78b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER THAA|&#x78c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER LAAMU|&#x78d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GAAFU|&#x78e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GNAVIYANI|&#x78f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|079x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SEENU|&#x790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DAVIYANI|&#x791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZAVIYANI|&#x792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TAVIYANI|&#x793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER YAA|&#x794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER PAVIYANI|&#x795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER JAVIYANI|&#x796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER CHAVIYANI|&#x797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TTAA|&#x798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER HHAA|&#x799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER KHAA|&#x79a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER THAALU|&#x79b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZAA|&#x79c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SHEENU|&#x79d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SAADHU|&#x79e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DAADHU|&#x79f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TO|&#x7a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZO|&#x7a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER AINU|&#x7a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GHAINU|&#x7a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER QAAFU|&#x7a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER WAAVU|&#x7a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA ABAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA AABAAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA IBIFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EEBEEFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA UBUFILI|&nbsp;&#x7aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OOBOOFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EBEFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EYBEYFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OBOFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OABOAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Bx |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA SUKUN|&nbsp;&#x7b0;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER NAA|&#x7b1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''NKo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT ZERO|&#x7c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT ONE|&#x7c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT TWO|&#x7c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT THREE|&#x7c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT FOUR|&#x7c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT FIVE|&#x7c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT SIX|&#x7c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT SEVEN|&#x7c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT EIGHT|&#x7c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT NINE|&#x7c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER A|&#x7ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER EE|&#x7cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER I|&#x7cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER E|&#x7cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER U|&#x7ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER OO|&#x7cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER O|&#x7d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER DAGBASINNA|&#x7d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER N|&#x7d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER BA|&#x7d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER PA|&#x7d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER TA|&#x7d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JA|&#x7d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER CHA|&#x7d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER DA|&#x7d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER RA|&#x7d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER RRA|&#x7da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER SA|&#x7db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER GBA|&#x7dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER FA|&#x7dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER KA|&#x7de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER LA|&#x7df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NA WOLOSO|&#x7e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER MA|&#x7e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NYA|&#x7e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NA|&#x7e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER HA|&#x7e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER WA|&#x7e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER YA|&#x7e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NYA WOLOSO|&#x7e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA JA|&#x7e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA CHA|&#x7e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA RA|&#x7ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT HIGH TONE|&nbsp;&#x7eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT LOW TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT RISING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG DESCENDING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG HIGH TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|07Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG LOW TONE|&nbsp;&#x7f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG RISING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING NASALIZATION MARK|&nbsp;&#x7f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING DOUBLE DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x7f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO HIGH TONE APOSTROPHE|&#x7f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LOW TONE APOSTROPHE|&#x7f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO SYMBOL OO DENNEN|&#x7f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO SYMBOL GBAKURUNEN|&#x7f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMMA|&#x7f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x7f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LAJANYALAN|&#x7fa;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DANTAYALAN|&#x7fd;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DOROME SIGN|&#x7fe;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO TAMAN SIGN|&#x7ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Samaritan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|080x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER ALAF|&#x800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER BIT|&#x801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER GAMAN|&#x802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER DALAT|&#x803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IY|&#x804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER BAA|&#x805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER ZEN|&#x806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IT|&#x807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TIT|&#x808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER YUT|&#x809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER KAAF|&#x80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER LABAT|&#x80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER MIM|&#x80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER NUN|&#x80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER SINGAAT|&#x80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IN|&#x80f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|081x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER FI|&#x810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TSAADIY|&#x811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER QUF|&#x812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER RISH|&#x813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER SHAN|&#x814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TAAF|&#x815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK IN|&#x816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK IN-ALAF|&#x817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK OCCLUSION|&#x818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK DAGESH|&#x819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER EPENTHETIC YUT|&#x81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK EPENTHETIC YUT|&#x81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG E|&#x81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN E|&#x81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN OVERLONG AA|&#x81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG AA|&#x81f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|082x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN OVERLONG A|&#x821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG A|&#x822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN A|&#x823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER SHORT A|&#x824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN SHORT A|&#x825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG U|&#x826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN U|&#x827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER I|&#x828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG I|&#x829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN I|&#x82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN O|&#x82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN SUKUN|&#x82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK NEQUDAA|&#x82d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|083x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION NEQUDAA|&#x830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION AFSAAQ|&#x831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANGED|&#x832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION BAU|&#x833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ATMAAU|&#x834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION SHIYYAALAA|&#x835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN ABBREVIATION MARK|&#x836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION MELODIC QITSA|&#x837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ZIQAA|&#x838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION QITSA|&#x839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ZAEF|&#x83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION TURU|&#x83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ARKAANU|&#x83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION SOF MASHFAAT|&#x83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANNAAU|&#x83e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Mandaic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|084x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER HALQA|&#x840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AB|&#x841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AG|&#x842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AD|&#x843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AH|&#x844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER USHENNA|&#x845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AZ|&#x846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER IT|&#x847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ATT|&#x848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AKSA|&#x849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AK|&#x84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AL|&#x84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AM|&#x84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AN|&#x84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AS|&#x84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER IN|&#x84f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|085x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AP|&#x850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ASZ|&#x851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AQ|&#x852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AR|&#x853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ASH|&#x854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AT|&#x855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER DUSHENNA|&#x856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER KAD|&#x857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AIN|&#x858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC AFFRICATION MARK|&#x859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC VOCALIZATION MARK|&#x85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC GEMINATION MARK|&#x85b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC PUNCTUATION|&#x85e;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Syriac Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{10.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|086x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NGA|&#x860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM JA|&#x861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NYA|&#x862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM TTA|&#x863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NNA|&#x864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NNNA|&#x865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM BHA|&#x866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM RA|&#x867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM LLA|&#x868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM LLLA|&#x869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM SSA|&#x86a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|087x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED FATHA|&#x870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA|&#x871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE|&#x872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH LEFT MIDDLE STROKE|&#x873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED KASRA|&#x874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA|&#x875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED ROUND DOT ABOVE|&#x876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED RIGHT ROUND DOT|&#x877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED LEFT ROUND DOT|&#x878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED ROUND DOT BELOW|&#x879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA AND LEFT RING|&#x87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE AND LEFT RING|&#x87f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|088x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA AND LEFT RING|&#x880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED RIGHT HAMZA|&#x881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF ALEF WITH ATTACHED LEFT HAMZA|&#x882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH OVERSTRUCK HAMZA|&#x883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH OVERSTRUCK WAW|&#x884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THIN YEH|&#x886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC BASELINE ROUND DOT|&#x887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RAISED ROUND DOT|&#x888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH INVERTED SMALL V|&#x889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&#x88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VERTICAL TAIL|&#x88e;}}||style="{{17.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING ABOVE|&#x88f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|089x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC POUND MARK ABOVE|&#x890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PIASTRE MARK ABOVE|&#x891;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{16.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PEPET|&#x897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AL-JUZ|&#x898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD ISHMAAM|&#x899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD IMAALA|&#x89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD TASHEEL|&#x89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MADDA WAAJIB|&#x89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUPERSCRIPT ALEF MOKHASSAS|&#x89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLED MADDA|&#x89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HALF MADDA OVER MADDA|&#x89f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Arabic Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V BELOW|&#x8a0;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW|&#x8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND HAMZA ABOVE|&#x8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH LOOP|&#x8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT WITHIN|&#x8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ROHINGYA YEH|&#x8ac;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LOW ALEF|&#x8ad;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8ae;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Bx |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH INVERTED STROKE|&#x8b0;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER STRAIGHT WAW|&#x8b1;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAIN WITH INVERTED V ABOVE|&#x8b2;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8b3;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT BELOW|&#x8b4;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW AND NO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL MEEM ABOVE|&#x8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH WITH SMALL MEEM ABOVE|&#x8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH SMALL TEH ABOVE|&#x8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL NOON ABOVE|&#x8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND SMALL NOON ABOVE|&#x8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN FEH|&#x8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF|&#x8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN NOON|&#x8bd;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8be;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{13.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE|&#x8c7;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GRAF|&#x8c8;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL FARSI YEH|&#x8c9;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH FARSI YEH|&#x8ca;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH BARREE WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x8cb;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD SAH|&#x8cc;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAH|&#x8cd;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT ABOVE|&#x8ce;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT BELOW|&#x8cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Dx |style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUKUN BELOW|&#x8d0;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE CIRCLE BELOW|&#x8d1;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT INSIDE CIRCLE BELOW|&#x8d2;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW|&#x8d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AR-RUB|&#x8d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SAD|&#x8d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH AIN|&#x8d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH QAF|&#x8d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON WITH KASRA|&#x8d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON WITH KASRA|&#x8d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD ATH-THALATHA|&#x8da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AS-SAJDA|&#x8db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AN-NISF|&#x8dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD SAKTA|&#x8dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD QIF|&#x8de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD WAQFA|&#x8df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Ex |style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH FOOTNOTE MARKER|&#x8e0;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SIGN SAFHA|&#x8e1;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DISPUTED END OF AYAH|&#x8e2;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TURNED DAMMA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY FATHA|&nbsp;&#x8e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x8e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY KASRA|&nbsp;&#x8e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE ONE DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE TWO DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE LOOP ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE ONE DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE TWO DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE LOOP BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|08Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WAW|&nbsp;&#x8f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH RING|&nbsp;&#x8f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRA WITH DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LEFT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLE RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLE RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMA WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fe;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MARK SIDEWAYS NOON GHUNNA|&nbsp;&#x8ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Devanagari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|090x |style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU|&#x900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA|&#x903;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A|&#x904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER A|&#x905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AA|&#x906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER I|&#x907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER II|&#x908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER U|&#x909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UU|&#x90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E|&#x90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E|&#x90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER E|&#x90f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|091x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AI|&#x910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O|&#x911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O|&#x912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER O|&#x913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AU|&#x914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KA|&#x915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA|&#x916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GA|&#x917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA|&#x918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA|&#x919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CA|&#x91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA|&#x91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JA|&#x91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA|&#x91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA|&#x91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA|&#x91f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|092x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA|&#x920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA|&#x921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA|&#x922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA|&#x923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TA|&#x924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER THA|&#x925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DA|&#x926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA|&#x927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NA|&#x928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NNNA|&#x929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER PA|&#x92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA|&#x92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BA|&#x92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA|&#x92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER MA|&#x92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER YA|&#x92f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|093x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RA|&#x930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA|&#x931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LA|&#x932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA|&#x933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LLLA|&#x934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VA|&#x935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA|&#x936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA|&#x937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SA|&#x938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER HA|&#x939;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x93a;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE|&#x93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA|&#x93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x93f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|094x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&#x945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&#x946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&#x949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&#x94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x94b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x94c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x94d;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&#x94e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW|&#x94f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|095x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI OM|&#x950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA|&#x951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA|&#x952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI GRAVE ACCENT|&#x953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI ACUTE ACCENT|&#x954;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA LONG E|&#x955;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x956;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE|&#x957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER QA|&#x958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KHHA|&#x959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GHHA|&#x95a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ZA|&#x95b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDHA|&#x95c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RHA|&#x95d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER FA|&#x95e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER YYA|&#x95f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|096x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DANDA|&#x964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO|&#x966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE|&#x967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO|&#x968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE|&#x969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR|&#x96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE|&#x96b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX|&#x96c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x96d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x96e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE|&#x96f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|097x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x970;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN HIGH SPACING DOT|&#x971;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A|&#x972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER OE|&#x973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE|&#x974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AW|&#x975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UE|&#x976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UUE|&#x977;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER MARWARI DDA|&#x978;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ZHA|&#x979;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER HEAVY YA|&#x97a;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA|&#x97b;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA|&#x97c;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x97d;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA|&#x97e;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA|&#x97f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Bengali''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|098x |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ANJI|&#x980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN VISARGA|&#x983;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER A|&#x985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AA|&#x986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER I|&#x987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER II|&#x988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER U|&#x989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER UU|&#x98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x98c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER E|&#x98f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|099x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AI|&#x990;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER O|&#x993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AU|&#x994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KA|&#x995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KHA|&#x996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER GA|&#x997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER GHA|&#x998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NGA|&#x999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER CA|&#x99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER CHA|&#x99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER JA|&#x99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER JHA|&#x99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NYA|&#x99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TTA|&#x99f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TTHA|&#x9a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DDA|&#x9a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DDHA|&#x9a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NNA|&#x9a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TA|&#x9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER THA|&#x9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DA|&#x9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DHA|&#x9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NA|&#x9a8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER PA|&#x9aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER PHA|&#x9ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER BA|&#x9ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER BHA|&#x9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER MA|&#x9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER YA|&#x9af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA|&#x9b0;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER LA|&#x9b2;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SHA|&#x9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SSA|&#x9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SA|&#x9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER HA|&#x9b9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN NUKTA|&#x9bc;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x9bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x9be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x9bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x9c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x9c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x9c4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x9c8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x9cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x9cd;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA|&#x9ce;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK|&#x9d7;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RRA|&#x9dc;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RHA|&#x9dd;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER YYA|&#x9df;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x9e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x9e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x9e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x9e3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT ZERO|&#x9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT ONE|&#x9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT TWO|&#x9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT THREE|&#x9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT FOUR|&#x9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT FIVE|&#x9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT SIX|&#x9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT NINE|&#x9ef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|09Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL|&#x9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA WITH LOWER DIAGONAL|&#x9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI RUPEE MARK|&#x9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI RUPEE SIGN|&#x9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE|&#x9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR TWO|&#x9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR THREE|&#x9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR FOUR|&#x9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE LESS THAN THE DENOMINATOR|&#x9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY DENOMINATOR SIXTEEN|&#x9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ISSHAR|&#x9fa;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI GANDA MARK|&#x9fb;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#x9fc;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x9fd;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SANDHI MARK|&#x9fe;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Gurmukhi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A0x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN ADAK BINDI|&#xa01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI|&#xa02;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN VISARGA|&#xa03;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER A|&#xa05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AA|&#xa06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER I|&#xa07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER II|&#xa08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER U|&#xa09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER UU|&#xa0a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER EE|&#xa0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AI|&#xa10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER OO|&#xa13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AU|&#xa14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KA|&#xa15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KHA|&#xa16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GA|&#xa17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GHA|&#xa18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NGA|&#xa19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER CA|&#xa1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER CHA|&#xa1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER JA|&#xa1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER JHA|&#xa1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NYA|&#xa1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TTA|&#xa1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA|&#xa20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DDA|&#xa21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DDHA|&#xa22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NNA|&#xa23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TA|&#xa24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER THA|&#xa25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DA|&#xa26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DHA|&#xa27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NA|&#xa28;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER PA|&#xa2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER PHA|&#xa2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER BA|&#xa2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER BHA|&#xa2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER MA|&#xa2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER YA|&#xa2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER RA|&#xa30;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER LA|&#xa32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER LLA|&#xa33;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER VA|&#xa35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER SHA|&#xa36;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER SA|&#xa38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER HA|&#xa39;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA|&#xa3c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xa3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I|&#xa3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A4x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II|&#xa40;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U|&#xa41;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xa42;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xa47;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xa48;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xa4b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xa4c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA|&#xa4d;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A5x |&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN UDAAT|&nbsp;&#xa51;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KHHA|&#xa59;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GHHA|&#xa5a;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER ZA|&#xa5b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER RRA|&#xa5c;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER FA|&#xa5e;}}||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A6x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT ZERO|&#xa66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT ONE|&#xa67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT TWO|&#xa68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT THREE|&#xa69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT FOUR|&#xa6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT FIVE|&#xa6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT SIX|&#xa6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT NINE|&#xa6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A7x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI TIPPI|&#xa70;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI ADDAK|&#xa71;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI IRI|&#xa72;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI URA|&#xa73;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI EK ONKAR|&#xa74;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN YAKASH|&#xa75;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#xa76;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Gujarati''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A8x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xa81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xa82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN VISARGA|&#xa83;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER A|&#xa85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AA|&#xa86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER I|&#xa87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER II|&#xa88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER U|&#xa89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER UU|&#xa8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xa8b;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xa8c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA E|&#xa8d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER E|&#xa8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AI|&#xa90;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA O|&#xa91;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER O|&#xa93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AU|&#xa94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER KA|&#xa95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER KHA|&#xa96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER GA|&#xa97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER GHA|&#xa98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NGA|&#xa99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER CA|&#xa9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER CHA|&#xa9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER JA|&#xa9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER JHA|&#xa9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NYA|&#xa9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TTA|&#xa9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0AAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TTHA|&#xaa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DDA|&#xaa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DDHA|&#xaa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NNA|&#xaa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TA|&#xaa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER THA|&#xaa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DA|&#xaa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DHA|&#xaa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NA|&#xaa8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER PA|&#xaaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER PHA|&#xaab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER BA|&#xaac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER BHA|&#xaad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER MA|&#xaae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER YA|&#xaaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER RA|&#xab0;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER LA|&#xab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER LLA|&#xab3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VA|&#xab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SHA|&#xab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SSA|&#xab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SA|&#xab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER HA|&#xab9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN NUKTA|&#xabc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xabd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xabe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN I|&#xabf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN II|&#xac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN U|&#xac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&#xac5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN E|&#xac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xac8;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&#xac9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN O|&#xacb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xacc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA|&#xacd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0ADx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI OM|&#xad0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xae0;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xae1;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xae2;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xae3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT ZERO|&#xae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT ONE|&#xae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT TWO|&#xae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT THREE|&#xae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT FOUR|&#xaea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT FIVE|&#xaeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT SIX|&#xaec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xaed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xaee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT NINE|&#xaef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0AFx |style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#xaf0;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI RUPEE SIGN|&#xaf1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER ZHA|&#xaf9;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN SUKUN|&#xafa;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN SHADDA|&#xafb;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN MADDAH|&#xafc;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN THREE-DOT NUKTA ABOVE|&#xafd;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE|&#xafe;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN TWO-CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE|&#xaff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Oriya''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B0x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xb01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xb02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN VISARGA|&#xb03;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER A|&#xb05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AA|&#xb06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER I|&#xb07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER II|&#xb08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER U|&#xb09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER UU|&#xb0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xb0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xb0c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER E|&#xb0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AI|&#xb10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER O|&#xb13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AU|&#xb14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER KA|&#xb15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER KHA|&#xb16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER GA|&#xb17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER GHA|&#xb18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NGA|&#xb19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER CA|&#xb1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER CHA|&#xb1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER JA|&#xb1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER JHA|&#xb1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NYA|&#xb1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TTA|&#xb1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TTHA|&#xb20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DDA|&#xb21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DDHA|&#xb22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NNA|&#xb23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TA|&#xb24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER THA|&#xb25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DA|&#xb26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DHA|&#xb27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NA|&#xb28;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER PA|&#xb2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER PHA|&#xb2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER BA|&#xb2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER BHA|&#xb2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER MA|&#xb2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER YA|&#xb2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RA|&#xb30;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER LA|&#xb32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER LLA|&#xb33;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VA|&#xb35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SHA|&#xb36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SSA|&#xb37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SA|&#xb38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER HA|&#xb39;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN NUKTA|&#xb3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xb3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xb3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN I|&#xb3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN II|&#xb40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN U|&#xb41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xb42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xb43;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xb44;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN E|&#xb47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xb48;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN O|&#xb4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xb4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA|&#xb4d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN DOT ABOVE|&#xb53;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN DOUBLE DOT ABOVE|&#xb54;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN OVERLINE|&#xb55;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA AI LENGTH MARK|&#xb56;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA AU LENGTH MARK|&#xb57;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RRA|&#xb5c;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RHA|&#xb5d;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER YYA|&#xb5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xb60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xb61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xb62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xb63;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT ZERO|&#xb66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT ONE|&#xb67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT TWO|&#xb68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT THREE|&#xb69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT FOUR|&#xb6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT FIVE|&#xb6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT SIX|&#xb6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT SEVEN|&#xb6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT EIGHT|&#xb6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT NINE|&#xb6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B7x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA ISSHAR|&#xb70;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER WA|&#xb71;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xb72;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xb73;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xb74;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH|&#xb75;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#xb76;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#xb77;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tamil''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B8x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xb82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VISARGA|&#xb83;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER A|&#xb85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AA|&#xb86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER I|&#xb87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER II|&#xb88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER U|&#xb89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER UU|&#xb8a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER E|&#xb8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER EE|&#xb8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AI|&#xb90;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER O|&#xb92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER OO|&#xb93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AU|&#xb94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER KA|&#xb95;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NGA|&#xb99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER CA|&#xb9a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER JA|&#xb9c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NYA|&#xb9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER TTA|&#xb9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NNA|&#xba3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER TA|&#xba4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NA|&#xba8;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NNNA|&#xba9;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER PA|&#xbaa;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER MA|&#xbae;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER YA|&#xbaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER RA|&#xbb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER RRA|&#xbb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LA|&#xbb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LLA|&#xbb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LLLA|&#xbb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER VA|&#xbb5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SHA|&#xbb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SSA|&#xbb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SA|&#xbb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER HA|&#xbb9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xbbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I|&#xbbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II|&#xbc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U|&#xbc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xbc2;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E|&#xbc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xbc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xbc8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O|&#xbca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xbcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xbcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA|&#xbcd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BDx |style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL OM|&#xbd0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK|&#xbd7;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BEx |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT ZERO|&#xbe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT ONE|&#xbe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT TWO|&#xbe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT THREE|&#xbe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT FOUR|&#xbea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT FIVE|&#xbeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT SIX|&#xbec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT SEVEN|&#xbed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT EIGHT|&#xbee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT NINE|&#xbef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0BFx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER TEN|&#xbf0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#xbf1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#xbf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DAY SIGN|&#xbf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL MONTH SIGN|&#xbf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL YEAR SIGN|&#xbf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DEBIT SIGN|&#xbf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL CREDIT SIGN|&#xbf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AS ABOVE SIGN|&#xbf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL RUPEE SIGN|&#xbf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER SIGN|&#xbfa;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Telugu''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C0x |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN COMBINING CANDRABINDU ABOVE|&#xc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN VISARGA|&#xc03;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#xc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER A|&#xc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AA|&#xc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER I|&#xc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER II|&#xc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER U|&#xc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER UU|&#xc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xc0c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER E|&#xc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER EE|&#xc0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AI|&#xc10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER O|&#xc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER OO|&#xc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AU|&#xc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER KA|&#xc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER KHA|&#xc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER GA|&#xc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER GHA|&#xc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NGA|&#xc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER CA|&#xc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER CHA|&#xc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER JA|&#xc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER JHA|&#xc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NYA|&#xc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TTA|&#xc1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TTHA|&#xc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DDA|&#xc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DDHA|&#xc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NNA|&#xc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TA|&#xc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER THA|&#xc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DA|&#xc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DHA|&#xc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NA|&#xc28;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER PA|&#xc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER PHA|&#xc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER BA|&#xc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER BHA|&#xc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER MA|&#xc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER YA|&#xc2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RA|&#xc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RRA|&#xc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LA|&#xc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LLA|&#xc33;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LLLA|&#xc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VA|&#xc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SHA|&#xc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SSA|&#xc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SA|&#xc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER HA|&#xc39;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN NUKTA|&#xc3c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I|&#xc3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN II|&#xc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN U|&#xc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xc44;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN E|&#xc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xc48;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN O|&#xc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA|&#xc4d;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LENGTH MARK|&#xc55;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU AI LENGTH MARK|&#xc56;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TSA|&#xc58;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DZA|&#xc59;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RRRA|&#xc5a;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{17.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU ARCHAIC SHRII|&#xc5c;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NAKAARA POLLU|&#xc5d;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xc61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xc62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xc63;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT ZERO|&#xc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT ONE|&#xc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT TWO|&#xc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT THREE|&#xc69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT FOUR|&#xc6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT FIVE|&#xc6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT SIX|&#xc6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT SEVEN|&#xc6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT EIGHT|&#xc6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT NINE|&#xc6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C7x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN SIDDHAM|&#xc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ZERO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ONE FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT TWO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT THREE FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ONE FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT TWO FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT THREE FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN TUUMU|&#xc7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Kannada''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C8x |style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU|&#xc80;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN VISARGA|&#xc83;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN SIDDHAM|&#xc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER A|&#xc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AA|&#xc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER I|&#xc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER II|&#xc88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER U|&#xc89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER UU|&#xc8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xc8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xc8c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER E|&#xc8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER EE|&#xc8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0C9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AI|&#xc90;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER O|&#xc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER OO|&#xc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AU|&#xc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER KA|&#xc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER KHA|&#xc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER GA|&#xc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER GHA|&#xc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NGA|&#xc99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER CA|&#xc9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER CHA|&#xc9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER JA|&#xc9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER JHA|&#xc9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NYA|&#xc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TTA|&#xc9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TTHA|&#xca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DDA|&#xca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DDHA|&#xca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NNA|&#xca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TA|&#xca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER THA|&#xca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DA|&#xca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DHA|&#xca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NA|&#xca8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER PA|&#xcaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER PHA|&#xcab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER BA|&#xcac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER BHA|&#xcad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER MA|&#xcae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER YA|&#xcaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER RA|&#xcb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER RRA|&#xcb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LA|&#xcb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LLA|&#xcb3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VA|&#xcb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SHA|&#xcb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SSA|&#xcb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SA|&#xcb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER HA|&#xcb9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN NUKTA|&#xcbc;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xcbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xcbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I|&#xcbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II|&#xcc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U|&#xcc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xcc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xcc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xcc4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E|&#xcc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xcc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xcc8;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O|&#xcca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA|&#xccd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LENGTH MARK|&#xcd5;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK|&#xcd6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{17.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA ARCHAIC SHRII|&#xcdc;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NAKAARA POLLU|&#xcdd;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LLA|&#xcde;}}||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xce1;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xce2;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xce3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT ZERO|&#xce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT ONE|&#xce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT TWO|&#xce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT THREE|&#xce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT FOUR|&#xcea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT FIVE|&#xceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT SIX|&#xcec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT SEVEN|&#xced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT EIGHT|&#xcee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT NINE|&#xcef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0CFx |&nbsp;||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#xcf1;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#xcf2;}}||style="{{15.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE RIGHT|&#xcf3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Malayalam''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D0x |style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#xd00;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xd01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xd02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VISARGA|&#xd03;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#xd04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER A|&#xd05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AA|&#xd06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER I|&#xd07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER II|&#xd08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER U|&#xd09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER UU|&#xd0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xd0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xd0c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER E|&#xd0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER EE|&#xd0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AI|&#xd10;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER O|&#xd12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER OO|&#xd13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AU|&#xd14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER KA|&#xd15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER KHA|&#xd16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER GA|&#xd17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER GHA|&#xd18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NGA|&#xd19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CA|&#xd1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHA|&#xd1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER JA|&#xd1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER JHA|&#xd1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NYA|&#xd1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTA|&#xd1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTHA|&#xd20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DDA|&#xd21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DDHA|&#xd22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NNA|&#xd23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TA|&#xd24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER THA|&#xd25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DA|&#xd26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DHA|&#xd27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NA|&#xd28;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NNNA|&#xd29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER PA|&#xd2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER PHA|&#xd2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER BA|&#xd2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER BHA|&#xd2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER MA|&#xd2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER YA|&#xd2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER RA|&#xd30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER RRA|&#xd31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LA|&#xd32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LLA|&#xd33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA|&#xd34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VA|&#xd35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SHA|&#xd36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SSA|&#xd37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SA|&#xd38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER HA|&#xd39;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTTA|&#xd3a;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VERTICAL BAR VIRAMA|&#xd3b;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN CIRCULAR VIRAMA|&#xd3c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xd3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xd3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I|&#xd3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN II|&#xd40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U|&#xd41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xd42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xd43;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xd44;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E|&#xd46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xd47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xd48;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN O|&#xd4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xd4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xd4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA|&#xd4d;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DOT REPH|&#xd4e;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN PARA|&#xd4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D5x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU M|&#xd54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU Y|&#xd55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LLL|&#xd56;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK|&#xd57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-SIXTIETH|&#xd58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE FORTIETH|&#xd59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE EIGHTIETHS|&#xd5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE TWENTIETH|&#xd5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE TENTH|&#xd5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE TWENTIETHS|&#xd5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE FIFTH|&#xd5e;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II|&#xd5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xd60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xd61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xd62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xd63;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT ZERO|&#xd66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT ONE|&#xd67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT TWO|&#xd68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT THREE|&#xd69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT FOUR|&#xd6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT FIVE|&#xd6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT SIX|&#xd6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT SEVEN|&#xd6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT EIGHT|&#xd6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT NINE|&#xd6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER TEN|&#xd70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#xd71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#xd72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xd73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xd74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xd75;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH|&#xd76;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#xd77;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#xd78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DATE MARK|&#xd79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU NN|&#xd7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N|&#xd7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR|&#xd7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU L|&#xd7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL|&#xd7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU K|&#xd7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Sinhala''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D8x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xd81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN ANUSVARAYA|&#xd82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN VISARGAYA|&#xd83;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AYANNA|&#xd85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AAYANNA|&#xd86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AEYANNA|&#xd87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AEEYANNA|&#xd88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IYANNA|&#xd89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IIYANNA|&#xd8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER UYANNA|&#xd8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER UUYANNA|&#xd8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IRUYANNA|&#xd8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IRUUYANNA|&#xd8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA|&#xd8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0D9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ILUUYANNA|&#xd90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER EYANNA|&#xd91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER EEYANNA|&#xd92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AIYANNA|&#xd93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER OYANNA|&#xd94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER OOYANNA|&#xd95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AUYANNA|&#xd96;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA KAYANNA|&#xd9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA KAYANNA|&#xd9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA GAYANNA|&#xd9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA GAYANNA|&#xd9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER KANTAJA NAASIKYAYA|&#xd9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA GAYANNA|&#xd9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA CAYANNA|&#xda0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA CAYANNA|&#xda1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA JAYANNA|&#xda2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA JAYANNA|&#xda3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA NAASIKYAYA|&#xda4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SANYOOGA NAAKSIKYAYA|&#xda5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA JAYANNA|&#xda6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TTAYANNA|&#xda7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TTAYANNA|&#xda8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DDAYANNA|&#xda9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DDAYANNA|&#xdaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA NAYANNA|&#xdab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DDAYANNA|&#xdac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TAYANNA|&#xdad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TAYANNA|&#xdae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DAYANNA|&#xdaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DAYANNA|&#xdb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA NAYANNA|&#xdb1;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DAYANNA|&#xdb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA PAYANNA|&#xdb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA PAYANNA|&#xdb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA BAYANNA|&#xdb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA BAYANNA|&#xdb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAYANNA|&#xdb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AMBA BAYANNA|&#xdb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER YAYANNA|&#xdba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER RAYANNA|&#xdbb;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA LAYANNA|&#xdbd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER VAYANNA|&#xdc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SAYANNA|&#xdc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA SAYANNA|&#xdc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA SAYANNA|&#xdc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER HAYANNA|&#xdc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA LAYANNA|&#xdc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER FAYANNA|&#xdc6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN AL-LAKUNA|&#xdca;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN AELA-PILLA|&#xdcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI AEDA-PILLA|&#xdd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA AEDA-PILLA|&#xdd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI IS-PILLA|&#xdd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA IS-PILLA|&#xdd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI PAA-PILLA|&#xdd4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA PAA-PILLA|&#xdd6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAETTA-PILLA|&#xdd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA|&#xdd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA KOMBUVA|&#xdda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBU DEKA|&#xddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA AELA-PILLA|&#xddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA DIGA AELA-PILLA|&#xddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA GAYANUKITTA|&#xdde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAYANUKITTA|&#xddf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{7.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DEx |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT ZERO|&#xde6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT ONE|&#xde7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT TWO|&#xde8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT THREE|&#xde9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT FOUR|&#xdea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT FIVE|&#xdeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT SIX|&#xdec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT SEVEN|&#xded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT EIGHT|&#xdee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT NINE|&#xdef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAETTA-PILLA|&#xdf2;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAYANUKITTA|&#xdf3;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA PUNCTUATION KUNDDALIYA|&#xdf4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Thai''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E0x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KO KAI|&#xe01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHAI|&#xe02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHUAT|&#xe03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHWAI|&#xe04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHON|&#xe05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO RAKHANG|&#xe06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NGO NGU|&#xe07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHAN|&#xe08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHING|&#xe09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHANG|&#xe0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SO|&#xe0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHOE|&#xe0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YO YING|&#xe0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER DO CHADA|&#xe0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER TO PATAK|&#xe0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THAN|&#xe10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO NANGMONTHO|&#xe11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO PHUTHAO|&#xe12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NO NEN|&#xe13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER DO DEK|&#xe14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER TO TAO|&#xe15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THUNG|&#xe16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THAHAN|&#xe17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THONG|&#xe18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NO NU|&#xe19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER BO BAIMAI|&#xe1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PO PLA|&#xe1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO PHUNG|&#xe1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FO FA|&#xe1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO PHAN|&#xe1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FO FAN|&#xe1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO SAMPHAO|&#xe20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MO MA|&#xe21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YO YAK|&#xe22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER RO RUA|&#xe23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER RU|&#xe24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LO LING|&#xe25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LU|&#xe26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER WO WAEN|&#xe27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SALA|&#xe28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO RUSI|&#xe29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SUA|&#xe2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER HO HIP|&#xe2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LO CHULA|&#xe2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER O ANG|&#xe2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER HO NOKHUK|&#xe2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PAIYANNOI|&#xe2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA A|&#xe30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI HAN-AKAT|&nbsp;&#xe31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AA|&#xe32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AM|&#xe33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA I|&nbsp;&#xe34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA II|&nbsp;&#xe35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UE|&nbsp;&#xe36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UEE|&nbsp;&#xe37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA U|&nbsp;&#xe38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UU|&nbsp;&#xe39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHINTHU|&nbsp;&#xe3a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT|&#xe3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA E|&#xe40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AE|&#xe41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA O|&#xe42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMUAN|&#xe43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMALAI|&#xe44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LAKKHANGYAO|&#xe45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAIYAMOK|&#xe46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAITAIKHU|&nbsp;&#xe47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI EK|&nbsp;&#xe48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI THO|&nbsp;&#xe49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI TRI|&nbsp;&#xe4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI CHATTAWA|&nbsp;&#xe4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THANTHAKHAT|&nbsp;&#xe4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NIKHAHIT|&nbsp;&#xe4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YAMAKKAN|&nbsp;&#xe4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FONGMAN|&#xe4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT ZERO|&#xe50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT ONE|&#xe51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT TWO|&#xe52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT THREE|&#xe53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT FOUR|&#xe54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT FIVE|&#xe55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT SIX|&#xe56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xe57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xe58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT NINE|&#xe59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER ANGKHANKHU|&#xe5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHOMUT|&#xe5b;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Lao''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E8x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KO|&#xe81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHO SUNG|&#xe82;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHO TAM|&#xe84;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI GHA|&#xe86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NGO|&#xe87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER CO|&#xe88;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI CHA|&#xe89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SO TAM|&#xe8a;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI JHA|&#xe8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NYO|&#xe8d;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI NYA|&#xe8e;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI TTA|&#xe8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0E9x |style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI TTHA|&#xe90;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DDA|&#xe91;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DDHA|&#xe92;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI NNA|&#xe93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER DO|&#xe94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER TO|&#xe95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER THO SUNG|&#xe96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER THO TAM|&#xe97;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DHA|&#xe98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NO|&#xe99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER BO|&#xe9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PO|&#xe9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PHO SUNG|&#xe9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER FO FON|&#xe9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PHO TAM|&#xe9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER FO FAY|&#xe9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EAx |style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI BHA|&#xea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER MO|&#xea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER YO|&#xea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER RO|&#xea3;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER LO|&#xea5;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER WO|&#xea7;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SANSKRIT SHA|&#xea8;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SANSKRIT SSA|&#xea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SO SUNG|&#xeaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER HO SUNG|&#xeab;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI LLA|&#xeac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER O|&#xead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER HO TAM|&#xeae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO ELLIPSIS|&#xeaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN A|&#xeb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KAN|&nbsp;&#xeb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xeb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AM|&#xeb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN I|&nbsp;&#xeb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN II|&nbsp;&#xeb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN Y|&nbsp;&#xeb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN YY|&nbsp;&#xeb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN U|&nbsp;&#xeb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN UU|&nbsp;&#xeb9;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SIGN PALI VIRAMA|&nbsp;&#xeba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KON|&nbsp;&#xebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN LO|&nbsp;&#xebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN NYO|&#xebd;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0ECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN E|&#xec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN EI|&#xec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN O|&#xec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AY|&#xec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xec4;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO KO LA|&#xec6;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI EK|&nbsp;&#xec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI THO|&nbsp;&#xec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI TI|&nbsp;&#xeca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI CATAWA|&nbsp;&#xecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO CANCELLATION MARK|&nbsp;&#xecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO NIGGAHITA|&nbsp;&#xecd;}}||style="{{15.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO YAMAKKAN|&#xece;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT ZERO|&#xed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT ONE|&#xed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT TWO|&#xed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT THREE|&#xed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT FOUR|&#xed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT FIVE|&#xed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT SIX|&#xed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT SEVEN|&#xed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT EIGHT|&#xed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT NINE|&#xed9;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO HO NO|&#xedc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO HO MO|&#xedd;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHMU GO|&#xede;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHMU NYO|&#xedf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0EFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tibetan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYLLABLE OM|&#xf00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO TRUNCATED A|&#xf01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM RNAM BCAD MA|&#xf02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM GTER TSHEG MA|&#xf03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INITIAL YIG MGO MDUN MA|&#xf04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CLOSING YIG MGO SGAB MA|&#xf05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET YIG MGO PHUR SHAD MA|&#xf06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK YIG MGO TSHEG SHAD MA|&#xf07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK SBRUL SHAD|&#xf08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BSKUR YIG MGO|&#xf09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG YIG MGO|&#xf0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INTERSYLLABIC TSHEG|&#xf0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK DELIMITER TSHEG BSTAR|&#xf0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK SHAD|&#xf0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS SHAD|&#xf0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TSHEG SHAD|&#xf0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG SHAD|&#xf10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK RIN CHEN SPUNGS SHAD|&#xf11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK RGYA GRAM SHAD|&#xf12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS ME LONG CAN|&#xf13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER TSHEG|&#xf14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN CHAD RTAGS|&#xf15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN LHAG RTAGS|&#xf16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SGRA GCAN -CHAR RTAGS|&#xf17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN -KHYUD PA|&#xf18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SDONG TSHUGS|&nbsp;&#xf19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GCIG|&#xf1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GNYIS|&#xf1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GSUM|&#xf1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GCIG|&#xf1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GNYIS|&#xf1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR RDEL NAG|&#xf1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT ZERO|&#xf20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT ONE|&#xf21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT TWO|&#xf22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT THREE|&#xf23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT FOUR|&#xf24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT FIVE|&#xf25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT SIX|&#xf26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT SEVEN|&#xf27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT EIGHT|&#xf28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT NINE|&#xf29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ONE|&#xf2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF TWO|&#xf2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF THREE|&#xf2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FOUR|&#xf2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FIVE|&#xf2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SIX|&#xf2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SEVEN|&#xf30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF EIGHT|&#xf31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF NINE|&#xf32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ZERO|&#xf33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BSDUS RTAGS|&#xf34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG NYI ZLA|&nbsp;&#xf35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS BZHI MIG CAN|&#xf36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG SGOR RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CHE MGO|&#xf38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TSA -PHRU|&nbsp;&#xf39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYON|&#xf3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYAS|&#xf3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYON|&#xf3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYAS|&#xf3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN YAR TSHES|&#xf3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN MAR TSHES|&#xf3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KA|&#xf40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KHA|&#xf41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER GA|&#xf42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER GHA|&#xf43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NGA|&#xf44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER CA|&#xf45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER CHA|&#xf46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER JA|&#xf47;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NYA|&#xf49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TTA|&#xf4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TTHA|&#xf4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DDA|&#xf4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DDHA|&#xf4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NNA|&#xf4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TA|&#xf4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER THA|&#xf50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DA|&#xf51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DHA|&#xf52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NA|&#xf53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER PA|&#xf54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER PHA|&#xf55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER BA|&#xf56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER BHA|&#xf57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER MA|&#xf58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TSA|&#xf59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TSHA|&#xf5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DZA|&#xf5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DZHA|&#xf5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER WA|&#xf5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER ZHA|&#xf5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER ZA|&#xf5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER -A|&#xf60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER YA|&#xf61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER RA|&#xf62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER LA|&#xf63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SHA|&#xf64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SSA|&#xf65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SA|&#xf66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER HA|&#xf67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER A|&#xf68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KSSA|&#xf69;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER FIXED-FORM RA|&#xf6a;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KKA|&#xf6b;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER RRA|&#xf6c;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F7x |style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN AA|&nbsp;&#xf71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN I|&nbsp;&#xf72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN II|&nbsp;&#xf73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN U|&nbsp;&#xf74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN UU|&nbsp;&#xf75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&nbsp;&#xf76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&nbsp;&#xf77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&nbsp;&#xf78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&nbsp;&#xf79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN E|&nbsp;&#xf7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN EE|&nbsp;&#xf7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN O|&nbsp;&#xf7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN OO|&nbsp;&#xf7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RJES SU NGA RO|&nbsp;&#xf7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RNAM BCAD|&#xf7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED I|&nbsp;&#xf80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED II|&nbsp;&#xf81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN NYI ZLA NAA DA|&nbsp;&#xf82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN SNA LDAN|&nbsp;&#xf83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK HALANTA|&nbsp;&#xf84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK PALUTA|&#xf85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN LCI RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN YANG RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN LCE TSA CAN|&#xf88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN MCHU CAN|&#xf89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN GRU CAN RGYINGS|&#xf8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN GRU MED RGYINGS|&#xf8b;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN INVERTED MCHU CAN|&#xf8c;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN LCE TSA CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8d;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN MCHU CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN INVERTED MCHU CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0F9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KA|&nbsp;&#xf90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KHA|&nbsp;&#xf91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GA|&nbsp;&#xf92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GHA|&nbsp;&#xf93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NGA|&nbsp;&#xf94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CA|&nbsp;&#xf95;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CHA|&nbsp;&#xf96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER JA|&nbsp;&#xf97;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NYA|&nbsp;&#xf99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTA|&nbsp;&#xf9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTHA|&nbsp;&#xf9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDA|&nbsp;&#xf9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDHA|&nbsp;&#xf9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NNA|&nbsp;&#xf9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TA|&nbsp;&#xf9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER THA|&nbsp;&#xfa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DA|&nbsp;&#xfa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DHA|&nbsp;&#xfa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NA|&nbsp;&#xfa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PA|&nbsp;&#xfa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PHA|&nbsp;&#xfa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BA|&nbsp;&#xfa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BHA|&nbsp;&#xfa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER MA|&nbsp;&#xfa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSA|&nbsp;&#xfa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSHA|&nbsp;&#xfaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZA|&nbsp;&#xfab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZHA|&nbsp;&#xfac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&nbsp;&#xfad;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZHA|&nbsp;&#xfae;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZA|&nbsp;&#xfaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FBx |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER -A|&nbsp;&#xfb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&nbsp;&#xfb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&nbsp;&#xfb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER LA|&nbsp;&#xfb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SHA|&nbsp;&#xfb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SSA|&nbsp;&#xfb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SA|&nbsp;&#xfb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER HA|&nbsp;&#xfb7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER A|&nbsp;&#xfb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KSSA|&nbsp;&#xfb9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM WA|&nbsp;&#xfba;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM YA|&nbsp;&#xfbb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM RA|&nbsp;&#xfbc;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN KU RU KHA|&#xfbe;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN KU RU KHA BZHI MIG CAN|&#xfbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN HEAVY BEAT|&#xfc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN LIGHT BEAT|&#xfc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN CANG TE-U|&#xfc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN SBUB -CHAL|&#xfc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL DRIL BU|&#xfc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE|&#xfc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL PADMA GDAN|&nbsp;&#xfc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE RGYA GRAM|&#xfc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL PHUR PA|&#xfc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU|&#xfc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU NYIS -KHYIL|&#xfca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU GSUM -KHYIL|&#xfcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU BZHI -KHYIL|&#xfcc;}}||style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};"|&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG RDEL DKAR|&#xfce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GSUM|&#xfcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FDx |style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG GI MGO RGYAN|&#xfd0;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK MNYAM YIG GI MGO RGYAN|&#xfd1;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG|&#xfd2;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INITIAL BRDA RNYING YIG MGO MDUN MA|&#xfd3;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CLOSING BRDA RNYING YIG MGO SGAB MA|&#xfd4;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN|&#xfd5;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING SVASTI SIGN|&#xfd6;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN WITH DOTS|&#xfd7;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING SVASTI SIGN WITH DOTS|&#xfd8;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK LEADING MCHAN RTAGS|&#xfd9;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TRAILING MCHAN RTAGS|&#xfda;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|0FFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} a4dq867bd25c92lga818wmuh6res152 0 104146 4673499 4672451 2026-10-01T16:57:30Z ILYA125467 3627024 /* Unicode 18.0 */ Unicode 18.0 added 13007 characters. 4673499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Unicode page}} {{TOC right}} {{refimprove|date=June 2017}} This page is about each version specification, and the differences between the versions. == Unicode 1.0 == Unicode 1.0 was the first version of Unicode, released October 1991. It encoded 7,094 new characters. === “Blocks” === This version of Unicode did not formally group characters in blocks. But in comparison with version 2.0, the following “blocks” were available: U+0000-U+FFFD 51 Blocks * '''Basic Latin (formerly called ASCII)''' (U+0000-U+007F), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin-1 Supplement (formerly called Latin1)''' (U+0080-U+00FF), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin Extended-A''' '''(formerly called European Latin)''' (U+0100-U+017F), containing 127 characters. * '''Latin Extended-B''' '''(formerly called Extended Latin)''' (U+0180-U+01FF), containing 113 characters. * '''IPA Extensions''' '''(formerly called Standard Phonetic)''' (U+0250-U+02AF), containing 89 characters. * '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' '''(formerly called Modifier Letters)''' (U+02B0-U+02FF), containing 57 characters. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' '''(formerly called Generic Diacritical Marks)''' (U+0300-U+036F), containing 66 characters. * '''Greek and Coptic''' '''(formerly called Greek)''' (U+0370-U+03FF), containing 112 characters. * '''Cyrillic''' (U+0400-U+04FF), containing 192 characters. * '''Armenian''' (U+0530-U+058F), containing 84 characters. * '''Hebrew''' (U+0590-U+05FF), containing 52 characters. * '''Arabic''' (U+0600-U+06FF), containing 169 characters. * '''Devanagari''' (U+0900-U+097F), containing 104 characters. * '''Bengali''' (U+0980-U+09FF), containing 89 characters. * '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A00-U+0A7F), containing 74 characters. * '''Gujarati''' (U+0A80-U+0AFF), containing 75 characters. * '''Oriya''' (U+0B00-U+0B7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Tamil''' (U+0B80-U+0BFF), containing 61 characters. * '''Telugu''' (U+0C00-U+0C7F), containing 80 characters. * '''Kannada''' (U+0C80-U+0CFF), containing 80 characters. * '''Malayalam''' (U+0D00-U+0D7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Thai''' (U+0E00-U+0E7F), containing 92 characters. * '''Lao''' (U+0E80-U+0EFF), containing 70 characters. * '''Tibetan''' (U+1000-U+105F), containing 71 characters. * '''Georgian''' (U+10A0-U+10FF), containing 78 characters. * '''General Punctuation''' (U+2000-U+206F), containing 67 characters. * '''Superscripts and Subscripts''' (U+2070-U+209F), containing 28 characters. * '''Currency Symbols''' (U+20A0-U+20CF), containing 11 characters. * '''Combining Marks for Symbols''' '''(formerly called Diacritical Marks for Symbols)''' (U+20D0-U+20FF), containing 18 characters. * '''Letterlike Symbols''' (U+2100-U+214F), containing 57 characters. * '''Number Forms''' (U+2150-U+218F), containing 48 characters. * '''Arrows''' (U+2190-U+21FF), containing 91 characters. * '''Mathematical Operators''' (U+2200-U+22FF), containing 242 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Technical''' (U+2300-U+23FF), containing 43 characters. * '''Control Pictures''' '''(formerly called Pictures for Control Codes)''' (U+2400-U+243F), containing 37 characters. * '''Optical Character Recognition''' (U+2440-U+245F), containing 11 characters. * '''Enclosed Alphanumerics''' (U+2460-U+24FF), containing 139 characters. * '''Box Drawing''' '''(formerly called Form and Chart Components)''' (U+2500-U+257F), containing 128 characters. * '''Block Elements''' '''(formerly called Blocks)''' (U+2580-U+259F), containing 22 characters. * '''Geometric Shapes''' (U+25A0-U+25FF), containing 79 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols''' '''(formerly called Miscellaneous Dingbats)''' (U+2600-U+26FF), containing 106 characters. * '''Dingbats''' '''(formerly called Zapf Dingbats)''' (U+2700-U+27BF), containing 160 characters. * '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3000-U+303F), containing 56 characters. * '''Hiragana''' (U+3040-U+309F), containing 90 characters. * '''Katakana''' (U+30A0-U+30FF), containing 90 characters. * '''Bopomofo''' (U+3100-U+312F), containing 40 characters. * '''Hangul Compatibility Jamo (formerly called Hangul Elements)''' (U+3130-U+318F), containing 94 characters. * '''Kanbun (formerly called CJK Miscellaneous)''' (U+3190-U+31FF), containing 16 characters. * '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' '''(formerly called''' '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Ideographs)''' (U+3200-U+32FF), containing 191 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility''' '''(formerly called CJK Squared Words for U+3300-U+337F and CJK Squared Abbreviations for U+3380-33FF)''' (U+3300-U+33FF), containing 187 characters. * '''Hangul''' (U+3400-U+3D2D), containing 2,350 characters. * '''Private Use Area''' (U+E800-U+FDFF), reserved for 5,632 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility Forms''' '''(formerly called CNS 11643 Compatibility)''' (U+FE30-U+FE4F), containing 28 characters. * '''Small Form Variants''' '''(formerly called Small Variants)''' (U+FE50-U+FE6F), containing 26 characters. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B''' '''(formerly called Basic Glyphs for Arabic Language)''' (U+FE70-U+FEFF), containing 140 characters. * '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms''' '''(formerly called Halfwidth and Fullwidth Variants)''' (U+FF00-U+FFEF), containing 216 characters. * '''Specials''' '''(formerly called Special)''' (U+FFF0-U+FFFF), containing 1 character. == Unicode 1.0.1 == Unicode 1.0.1 was released June 1992. It encoded 28,292 characters, adding 21,204 new characters and removing 6 characters, for a net increase of 21,198 characters. === New blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs''' (U+4E00-U+9FFF), containing 20,902 Han Ideographs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs''' (U+F900-U+FAFF), containing 302 Han Ideographs for compatibility with existing character sets, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. === Extended blocks === * Some more space (total 2048 characters) was added to the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+E000-U+E7FF) === Removed blocks === * '''Tibetan''', containing 71 letters for the Tibetan script, was removed from the Unicode standard as the US, UK, and China couldn't agree on an encoding method. === Removed characters === * Lowercase historic letters and unified diacritical marks (total 7 characters) were removed from '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0371-U+0372, U+0384, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF, and U+03E1). U+0371 was unified with U+0314, U+0372 with U+0313, and U+0384 with U+030D. * Letters Ka and Kha with Ogonek (total 4 characters) were removed from '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04C5-U+04C6 and U+04C9-U+04CA) * APL Compose Operator and APL Out (total 2 characters) were removed from '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300-U+2301) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Thai'''. (U+0E70-U+0E74) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Lao'''. (U+0EF0-U+0EF4) * An Ideographic Ditto Mark (total 1 character) was removed from '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3004) and merged with U+4EDD. * Some space (total 1536 characters) was removed from the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+F900-U+FDFF) === Rearranged blocks=== *'''Circled Katakana:''' ''The characters will be arranged in modern order: e.g., A, I, U, E, O, KA, KI'' (U+32D0-U+32FE) *'''Basic Glyphs For Arabic Language:''' ''The character shapes will be arranged in different order: Isolate, Final, Initial and Medial'' (U+FE80-FEFC) === Rearranged characters === * Non-spacing diaeresis tonos was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0385) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0344) * Non-spacing iota below was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0370) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0345). * Greek question mark was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D7 to U+037E. * Numeral signs were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D8-U+03D9 to U+0374-U+0375. * Spacing tonos and diaeresis tonos were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F3-U+03F4 to U+0384-U+0385. * Spacing iota below was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F5 to U+037A. * Point Varika was moved from '''Hebrew''' (U+05F5) to the new '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' block. (U+FB1E) * Japanese Industrial Standard symbol (〄) was moved from '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' (U+32FF) to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3004) === Characters with semantics changed === *'''Zero Width Non-Joiner''' [ZWNJ] (U+20DC) *'''Zero Width Joiner''' [ZWJ] (U+20DD) == Unicode 1.1 == Unicode 1.1 was released June 1993. It encoded 34,168 characters, adding 5,969 new characters and removing 93 characters, for a net increase of 5,876 characters. It finalized the long anticipated Han Unification. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Jamo''' (U+1100-U+11FF), containing 240 ''jamo'' for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Latin Extended Additional''' (U+1E00-U+1EFF), containing 245 precomposed characters for transliteration and Vietnamese, was added. * '''Greek Extended''' (U+1F00-U+1FFF), containing 233 precomposed characters for polytonic Greek, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''' (U+3D2E-U+44B7), containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''' (U+44B8-U+4DFF), containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A''' (U+FB50-U+FDFF), containing 593 combinations of Arabic letters, was added. * '''Combining Half Marks''' (U+FE20-U+FE2F), containing 4 halves of diacritical marks, was added. === Extended blocks === * The long S (ſ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-A'''. (U+017F) * The Hungarian Dz, characters for transliteration purposes and precomposed characters with double grave and inverted breve (total 35 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B''' (U+01F1-U+01F5 and U+01FA-U+0217). The block was expanded from (U+0180-U+01FF) to (U+0180-U+024F) * Diacritics for polytonic Greek and double width diacritics (total 6 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0342-U+0345 and U+0360-U+0361) * Compatibility character now deprecated, Ano Teleia, and letter jot (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0387 and U+03F3). * Additional characters for non-Slavic languages (total 38 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04D0-U+04EB, U+04EE-U+04F5 and U+04F8-U+04F9) * A ligature of Ech and Yiwn (և) (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0587) * One deprecated compatibility character and several characters for biblical texts (total 25 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066D and U+06D6-U+06ED) * A sign Virama (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A4D). * Letters Candra O and E (total 3 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8D, U+0A91 and U+0AC9) * An Ai Length mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B56) * An undertie, a pair of brackets and six formatting characters now deprecated (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+203F, U+2045-U+2046 and U+206A-U+206F) * Some additional symbols and the complete set of APL functional symbols (total 79 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300 and U+232D-U+237A) * A large circle (◯) (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25EF) * The ideographic telegraph line feed separator symbol (〷) (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3037) * Four Katakana letters not in use since 1945 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30F7-U+30FA) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for the twelve months (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32C0-U+32CB) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for hours and days and six additional measure units (total 62 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3358-U+3376 and U+33E0-U+33FE) * Precomposed characters and ligatures (total 56 characters) were added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB06, U+FB13-U+FB17, U+FB1F-U+FB36, U+FB38-U+FB3C, U+FB3E, U+FB40-U+FB41, U+FB43-U+FB44 and U+FB46-U+FB4F). * Seven halfwidth geometric shapes (total 7 characters) were added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FFE8-U+FFEE) == Unicode 2.0 == Unicode 2.0 was released July 1996. It encoded 38,885 characters, adding 11,373 new characters and removing 6,656 characters, for a net increase of 4,717 characters. This was the first Unicode version to reserve blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Syllables''' (U+AC00-U+D7AF), containing 11,172 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''High Surrogates''' (U+D800-U+DB7F), setting aside 896 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''High Private Use Surrogates''' (U+DB80-U+DBFF), setting aside 128 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Low Surrogates''' (U+DC00-U+DFFF), setting aside 1,024 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-A''' (U+F0000-U+FFFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-B''' (U+100000-U+10FFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. === Reinstated blocks === * '''Tibetan''' (U+0F00-U+0FFF), now containing 168 characters for the Tibetan script including religious signs, was readded. === Removed blocks === * '''Hangul''', containing 2,350 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''', containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''', containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. === Extended blocks === * Cantillation marks for use in religious texts (total 31 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+0591-U+05A1, U+05A3-U+05AF and U+05C4) * A long S with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9B) * A Vietnamese Dong sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AB) == Unicode 2.1 == Unicode 2.1 was released May 1998. It encoded 38,887 characters, adding only 2 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Euro sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AC) * An Object Replacement Character (total 1 character) was added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFFC) == Unicode 3.0 == Unicode 3.0 was released September 1999. It was a big update and encoded 49,194 characters, adding 10,307 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac''' (U+0700-U+074F), containing 71 characters used for writing in Syriac script, was added. * '''Thaana''' (U+0780-U+07BF), containing 49 characters used for writing in Thaana script, was added. * '''Sinhala''' (U+0D80-U+0DFF), containing 80 characters for the Sinhala script, was added. * '''Myanmar''' (U+1000-U+109F), containing 78 characters for the Burmese script, was added. * '''Ethiopic''' (U+1200-U+137F), containing 345 syllables and punctuation marks for the Ethiopic script, was added. * '''Cherokee''' (U+13A0-U+13FF), containing 85 syllables for the Cherokee script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics''' (U+1400-U+167F), containing 630 syllables and punctuation marks for writing in indigenous languages of Canada, was added. * '''Ogham''' (U+1680-U+169F), containing 29 characters for the ancient Ogham script, was added. * '''Runic''' (U+16A0-U+16FF), containing 81 characters for the Germanic runes, was added. * '''Khmer''' (U+1780-U+17FF), containing 103 characters for the Khmer script, was added. * '''Mongolian''' (U+1800-U+18AF), containing 155 characters for the classical Mongolian script, was added. * '''Braille Patterns''' (U+2800-U+28FF), containing 256 Braille letters, was added. * '''CJK Radicals Supplement''' (U+2E80-U+2EFF), containing 115 non-Kangxi radicals, was added. * '''Kangxi Radicals''' (U+2F00-U+2FDF), containing 214 radicals from the Kangxi dictionary, was added. * '''Ideographic Description Characters''' (U+2FF0-U+2FFF), containing 12 characters used to describe a Han ideograph not available in the font, was added. * '''Bopomofo Extended''' (U+31A0-U+31BF), containing 24 characters used for phonetic transcription of minority languages of Taiwan, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A''' (U+3400-U+4DBF), containing 6,582 additional Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Yi Syllables''' (U+A000-U+A48F), containing 1,165 syllables of the modern Yi script, was added. * '''Yi Radicals''' (U+A490-U+A4CF), containing 50 radicals of Yi Syllables, was added. === Extended blocks === * Additional precomposed characters, letters and capital letters of lowercase-only letters (total 30 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+01F6-U+01F9, U+0218-U+021F and U+0222-U+0233) * Extensions for disordered speech (total 5 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02A9-U+02AD) * Some additional modifier letters (total 6 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02DF and U+02EA-U+02EE) * Additional combining diacritics for IPA (total 10 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0346-U+034E and U+0362) * Lowercase versions of archaic letters and the Kai symbol (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D7, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF and U+03E1) * Nonstandard letters for Macedonian, combining numeral signs and three letters for Kildin Sami (total 12 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0400, U+040D, U+0450, U+045D, U+0488-U+0489, U+048C-U+048F and U+04EC-U+04ED) * A Hyphen (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058A) * Combining hamza and maddah and nine additional Arabic characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0653-U+0655, U+06B8-U+06B9, U+06BF, U+06CF and U+06FA-U+06FE) * Additional letters and religious symbols (total 25 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6A, U+0F96, U+0FAE-U+0FB0, U+0FB8, U+0FBA-U+0FBC, U+0FBE-U+0FCC and U+0FCF) * A narrow no-break space and 6 additional punctuation marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+202F and U+2048-U+204D) * The Kip, Tugrik and Drachma sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AD-U+20AF) * An enclosing screen and an enclosing key (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E2-U+20E3) * The information symbol and a rotated Q (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+2139-U+213A) * A mirrored Roman capital numeral hundred (Ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2183) * Some additional arrows (total 9 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21EB-U+21F3) * Some additional technical symbols, including common keys on a 101 keyboard (total 33 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2301, U+237B and U+237D-U+239A) * Two additional control pictures (total 2 characters) were added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2425-U+2426) * Squares and circles with quadrants (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F0-U+25F7) * Two Syriac crosses and a signature mark (total 3 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2619 and U+2670-U+2671) * Three Hangzhou numerals and a variation indicator (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3038-U+303A and U+303E) * A ligature Yod with Hiriq (יִ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms'''. (U+FB1D) * Three additional control characters for ruby markup (total 3 characters) were added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFF9-U+FFFB) == Unicode 3.1 == Unicode 3.1 was released March 2001. It encoded 94,140 characters, adding 44,946 new characters, and mainly focused on blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Old Italic''' (U+10300-U+1032F), containing 35 letters for the Etruscan script, was added. * '''Gothic''' (U+10330-U+1034F), containing 27 letters for the Gothic script, was added. * '''Deseret''' (U+10400-U+1044F), containing 76 letters for the constructed Deseret script, was added. * '''Byzantine Musical Symbols''' (U+1D000-U+1D0FF), containing 246 symbols for musical notation in Byzantine, was added. * '''Musical Symbols''' (U+1D100-U+1D1FF), containing 219 characters for current musical notation, was added. * '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols''' (U+1D400-U+1D7FF), containing 991 Latin and Greek letters in serif, sans-serif, bold, italic, double-struck, script and Fraktur/Blackletter, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B''' (U+20000-U+2A6DF), containing 42,711 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement''' (U+2F800-U+2FA1F), containing 542 additional Chinese Ideographs for compatibility purposes, was added. * '''Tags''', containing 97 language tags, was added. (U+E0000-U+E007F) === Extended noncharacters === * The Noncharacters range: U+FDD0..U+FDEF were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. === Extended blocks === * The capital Theta symbol and the Lunate Epsilon symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F4-U+03F5) === Characters and Scripts Under Investigation or Rejected === * Khmer Sign Laak Was Rejected. (U+17DD) From '''Khmer.''' * Georgian Letter U-Brjuu Was Rejected. From '''Georgian.''' == Unicode 3.2 == Unicode 3.2 was released March 2002. It encoded 95,156 characters, adding 1,016 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Supplementary (now Cyrillic Supplement)''' (U+0500-U+052F), containing 16 characters used for the Komi language, was added. * '''Tagalog''' (U+1700-U+171F), containing 20 characters for the Baybayin script, was added. * '''Hanunoo''' (U+1720-U+173F), containing 23 characters and punctuation for the Hanunó'o script, was added. * '''Buhid''' (U+1740-U+175F), containing 20 characters for the Buhid script, was added. * '''Tagbanwa''' (U+1760-U+177F), containing 18 characters for the Tagbanwa script, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A''' (U+27C0-U+27EF), containing 28 symbols used in math notation, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-A''' (U+27F0-U+27FF), containing 16 additional arrows, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-B''' (U+2900-U+297F), containing 128 special arrows, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B''' (U+2980-U+29FF), containing 128 additional mathematical symbols, was added. * '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators''' (U+2A00-U+2AFF), containing 256 additional mathematical operators, was added. * '''Katakana Phonetic Extensions''' (U+31F0-U+31FF), containing 16 Katakana letters used for Ainu, was added. * '''Variation Selectors''' (U+FE00-U+FE0F), containing 16 symbols used for indicating variations, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter N with Long Right Leg (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0220) * The combining grapheme joiner and combining Latin letters used in medieval texts (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+034F and U+0363-U+036F) * The Qoppa and a reversed lunate epsilon symbol (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D8-U+03D9 and U+03F6) * Four additional letters used for the Kildin Sami language (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+048A-U+048B, U+04C5-U+04C6, U+04C9-U+04CA and U+04CD-U+04CE) * A dotless Beh and a dotless Qaf (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066E-U+066F) * A Letter for Addu dialect (total 1 character) was added to '''Thaana'''. (U+07B1) * The letters Yn and Elifi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F7-U+10F8) * Some additional punctuation marks and control characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2047, U+204E-U+2052, U+2057 and U+205F-U+2063) * A superscript letter I (total 1 character) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2071) * German Penny and Peso sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B0-U+20B1) * Some additional combining characters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E4-U+20EA) * Some double-struck and reversed/turned letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213D-U+214B) * Some additional arrows (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21F4-U+21FF) * Some additional mathematical operators (total 14 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Operators'''. (U+22F2-U+22FF) * Variable-width and additional symbols (total 53 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+237C and U+239B-U+23CE) * Black and double circled numerals (total 20 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. U+24EB-U+24FE) * Quadrant elements (total 10 characters) were added to '''Block Elements'''. (U+2596-U+259F) * Some additional triangles and squares (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F8-U+25FF) * Shogi pieces ,recycling symbols, dices and dotted circles (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2616-U+2617, U+2672-U+267D and U+2680-U+2689) * Additional parenthesis (total 14 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2768-U+2775) * Three additional marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+303B-U+303D) * A digraph and two additional characters (total 3 characters) were added to '''Hiragana'''. (U+3095-U+3096 and U+309F) * A digraph and a double hyphen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30A0 and U+30FF) * Additional circled numerals (total 30 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3251-U+325F and U+32B1-U+32BF * Five missing radicals (total 5 characters) were added to '''Yi Radicals'''. (U+A4A2-U+A4A3, U+A4B4, U+A4C1, U+A4C5) * Additional compatibility characters (total 59 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA30-U+FA6A) * A Rial sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFC) * Two sesame dots (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE45-U+FE46) * A tail fragment (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B'''. (U+FE73) * A pair of double parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FF5F-U+FF60) == Unicode 4.0 == Unicode 4.0 was released April 2003. It encoded 96,382 characters, adding 1,226 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Limbu''' (U+1900-U+194F), containing 66 characters for the Limbu abugida, was added. * '''Tai Le''' (U+1950-U+197F), containing 35 letters for the Tai Le script, was added. * '''Khmer Symbols''' (U+19E0-U+19FF), containing 32 symbols for the lunar calendar, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions''' (U+1D00-U+1D7F), containing 108 letters used in phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows''' (U+2B00-U+2BFF), containing 14 additional arrows, was added. * '''Yijing Hexagram Symbols''' (U+4DC0-U+4DFF), containing 64 hexagrams, was added. * '''Linear B Syllabary''' (U+10000-U+1007F), containing 88 syllables of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Linear B Ideograms''' (U+10080-U+100FF), containing 123 ideograms of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Aegean Numbers''' (U+10100-U+1013F), containing 57 numerals used in the Aegean area, was added. * '''Ugaritic''' (U+10380-U+1039F), containing 31 characters used in Ugaritic cuneiform, was added. * '''Shavian''' (U+10450-U+1047F), containing 48 letters used for the artificial Shavian script, was added. * '''Osmanya''' (U+10480-U+104AF), containing 40 characters used in the artificial Osmanya script, was added. * '''Cypriot Syllabary''' (U+10800-U+1083F), containing 55 characters formerly used on Cyprus, was added. * '''Tai Xuan Jing Symbols''' (U+1D300-U+1D35F), containing 87 symbols of Tai Xuan Jing, was added. * '''Variation Selectors Supplement''' (U+E0100-U+E01EF), containing 240 additional variation selectors, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters with curl used in Sinology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0221 and U+0234-U+0236) * Former IPA letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02AE-U+02AF) * Some additional characters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02EF-U+02FF) * Additional combining double-width diacritics and diacritics corresponding to their spacing equivalent (total 11 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0350-U+0357 and U+035D-U+035F) * The archaic letters Sho and San and the capital Lunate Sigma (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F7-U+03FB) * Some additional markers, biblical signs, and letters with inverted V (total 19 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0600-U+0603, U+060D-U+0615, U+0656-U+0658, U+06EE-U+06EF and U+06FF) * Letters used for foreign words from Persian and Sogdian (total 6 characters) were added to '''Syriac'''. (U+072D-U+072F and U+074D-U+074F) * The short A (ऄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0904) * The Avagraha sign (ঽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09BD) * The Adak Bindi and Visarga signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A01 and U+0A03) * The vocalic l and ll and the Rupee sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8C and U+0AF1-U+0AF3) * The letters Va and Wa (total 2 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B35 and U+0B71) * Additional signs for date and finance environments (total 8 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BF3-U+0BFA) * The Nukta and Avagraha signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CBC-U+0CBD) * Some symbols and signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Khmer'''. (U+17DD and U+17F0-U+17F9) * An inverted undertie and a swung dash (total 2 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2053-U+2054) * The facsimile sign (℻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213B) * The eject symbol and a vertical line (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23CF-U+23D0) * A black circled digit zero (⓿) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. (U+24FF) * Monograms and diagrams, flags, warning and weather symbols and a cup of tea (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2614-U+2615, U+268A-U+2691 and U+26A0-U+26A1) * Additional parenthesized and circled Korean characters and supplemental signs (total 9 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+321D-U+321E, U+3250, U+327C-U+327D and U+32CC-U+32CF) * Additional measure units (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3377-U+337A, U+33DE-U+33DF and U+33FF) * An additional Arabic sign (﷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFD) * A pair of vertical parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE47-U+FE48) * The letters Oi and Ew (total 4 characters) were added to '''Deseret'''. (U+10426-U+10427 and U+1044E-U+1044F) * A small script l (ℓ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D4C1) == Unicode 4.1 == Unicode 4.1 was released March 31, 2005. It encoded 97,655 characters, adding 1,273 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Supplement''' (U+0750-U+077F), containing 30 characters for various languages written with the Arabic script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Supplement''' (U+1380-U+139F), containing 26 characters and signs for Sebatbeit, was added. * '''New Tai Lue''' (U+1980-U+19DF), containing 80 characters for the New Tai Lue script, was added. * '''Buginese''' (U+1A00-U+1A1F), containing 30 characters for the Lontara script, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions Supplement''' (U+1D80-U+1DBF), containing 64 additional letters for phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement''' (U+1DC0-U+1DFF), containing 4 additional diacritics, was added. * '''Glagolitic''' (U+2C00-U+2C5F), containing 94 characters for the Glagolitic script, was added. * '''Coptic''' (U+2C80-U+2CFF), containing 114 characters for the Coptic script, was added. * '''Georgian Supplement''' (U+2D00-U+2D2F), containing 38 Nuskhuri letters, was added. * '''Tifinagh''' (U+2D30-U+2D7F), containing 55 characters for the Tifinagh script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended''' (U+2D80-U+2DDF), containing 79 additional Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Supplemental Punctuation''' (U+2E00-U+2E7F), containing 26 additional punctuation marks, was added. * '''CJK Strokes''' (U+31C0-U+31CF), containing 16 strokes for Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Modifier Tone Letters''' (U+A700-U+A71F), containing 23 letters for Chinese tones, was added. * '''Syloti Nagri''' (U+A800-U+A82F), containing 44 characters for the Syloti Nagri abugida, was added. * '''Vertical Forms''' (U+FE10-U+FE1F), containing 10 punctuation marks suited for vertical text, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Numbers''' (U+10140-U+1018F), containing 75 numerals and signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. * '''Old Persian''' (U+103A0-U+103DF), containing 50 characters for Old Persian cuneiform, was added. * '''Kharoshthi''' (U+10A00-U+10A5F), containing 65 characters for the Kharoshthi abugida, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Musical Notation''' (U+1D200-U+1D24F), containing 70 musical signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Sencoten, digraphs, letters with swash tail and other additions (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0237-U+0241) * Additional diacritics for transliteration (total 5 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0358-U+035C) * Rho with stroke, reversed and dotted Lunate Sigma (total 4 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03FC-U+03FF) * Ghe with descender (Ӷ) (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04F6-U+04F7) * An additional biblical mark and some punctuation marks (total 4 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05A2 and U+05C5-U+05C7) * Additional biblical marks, punctuation marks and the Afghani sign (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+060B, U+061E, and U+0659-U+065E) * A glottal stop (ॽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097D) * The Khanda Ta letter (ৎ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09CE) * The letter Sha and the digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BB6 and U+0BE6) * Two marks used in Bhutan (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD0-U+0FD1) * Two letters and a modifier letter (total 3 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F9-U+10FA and U+10FC) * Some additional syllables (total 11 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+1207, U+1247, U+1287, U+12AF, U+12CF, U+12EF, U+130F, U+131F, U+1347, U+135F, and U+1360) * Additional phonetic symbols (total 20 characters) were added to '''Phonetic Extensions'''. (U+1D6C-U+1D7F) * A flower and dot punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2055-U+2056 and U+2058-U+205E) * Additional subscript letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2090-U+2094) * The Guarani, Austral, Hryvnia and Cedi signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B2-U+20B5) * A combining long double solidus (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EB) * The per sign and a double-struck letter Pi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213C and U+214C) * Metrical and electrical signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23D1-U+23DB) * Additional gender and map symbols (total 30 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2618, U+267E-U+267F, U+2692-U+269C, and U+26A2-U+26B1) * Some additional mathematical symbols (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C0-U+27C6) * Additional arrows and squares (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B0E-U+2B1D) * A circled Hangul character (㉾) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+327E) * Additional Han Ideographs (total 22 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FA6-U+9FBB) * Additional Compatibility Ideographs (total 106 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA70-U+FAD9) * Italic dotless small i and j (total 2 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D6A4-U+1D6A5) == Unicode 5.0 == Unicode 5.0 was released July 14, 2006. It encoded 99,024 characters, adding 1,369 new characters. === New blocks === * '''N'Ko''' (U+07C0-U+07FF), containing 59 characters for the N'Ko script, was added. * '''Balinese''' (U+1B00-U+1B7F), containing 121 characters and musical signs for the Balinese abugida, was added. * '''Latin Extended-C''' (U+2C60-U+2C7F), containing 17 letters for various languages, was added. * '''Latin Extended-D''' (U+A720-U+A7FF), containing 2 characters for UPA, was added. * '''Phags-pa''' (U+A840-U+A87F), containing 56 characters for the Phags-pa script, was added. * '''Phoenician''' (U+10900-U+1091F), containing 27 letters and numerals for the Phoenician script, was added. * '''Cuneiform''' (U+12000-U+123FF), containing 879 signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation''' (U+12400-U+1247F), containing 103 numerals and punctuation signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Counting Rod Numerals''' (U+1D360-U+1D37F), containing 18 numerals used with counting rods, was added. === Extended blocks === * Various letters used mainly for aboriginal languages (total 14 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0242-U+024F) * Lowercase lunate sigma symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037B-U+037D) * Lowercase palochka and 3 letters used in Nivkh (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04CF and U+04FA-U+04FF) * Two letters used in Khanty and other languages (total 4 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0510-U+0513) * A specific point meant for Vav (total 1 character) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05BA) * Four letters used in Sindhi (total 4 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097B-U+097C and U+097E-U+097F) * Four letters used in Sanskrit (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CE2-U+0CE3 and U+0CF1-U+0CF2) * Additional IPA diacritics (total 9 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DC4-U+1DCA) * Four combining arrows (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EC-U+20EF) * A danish symbol and a lowercase turned F (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214D-U+214E) * A lowercase reversed C (ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2184) * Vertical parenthesis, geometric forms and electrical symbols (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23DC-U+23E7) * A neuter symbol (⚲) (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26B2) * Four additional mathematical symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C7-U+27CA) * Additional squares, pentagons and hexagons (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B14-U+2B1A and U+2B20-U+2B23) * Four additional tone letters used in Chinantec (total 4 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A717-U+A71A) * Bold Digamma (𝟊/'''Ϝ''') (total 2 characters) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D7CA-U+1D7CB) == Unicode 5.1 == Unicode 5.1 was released April 4, 2008. It encoded 100,648 characters, adding 1,624 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Sundanese''' (U+1B80-U+1BBF), containing 55 letters for Sundanese script, was added. * '''Lepcha''' (U+1C00-U+1C4F), containing 74 letters for Lepcha script, was added. * '''Ol Chiki''' (U+1C50-U+1C7F), containing 48 letters for Ol Chiki script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-A''' (U+2DE0-U+2DFF), containing 32 letters for combining Cyrillic letters, was added. * '''Vai''' (U+A500-U+A63F), containing 300 letters for Vai script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-B''' (U+A640-U+A69F), containing 78 letters for additional Cyrillic characters, was added. * '''Saurashtra''' (U+A880-U+A8DF), containing 81 letters for Saurashtra script, was added. * '''Kayah Li''' (U+A900-U+A92F), containing 48 letters for Kayah languages, was added. * '''Rejang''' (U+A930-U+A95F), containing 37 letters for Rejang script, was added. * '''Cham''' (U+AA00-U+AA5F), containing 83 letters for Cham script, was added. * '''Ancient Symbols''' (U+10190-U+101CF), containing 12 characters for weights and measures and other ancient symbols, was added. * '''Phaistos Disc''' (U+101D0-U+101FF), containing 46 hieroglyphs for Phaistos, was added. * '''Lycian''' (U+10280-U+1029F), containing 29 letters for Lycian script, was added. * '''Carian''' (U+102A0-U+102DF), containing 49 letters for Carian script, was added. * '''Lydian''' (U+10920-U+1093F), containing 27 letters for Lydian script, was added. * '''Mahjong Tiles''' (U+1F000-U+1F02F), containing 44 mahjong tiles, was added. * '''Domino Tiles''' (U+1F030-U+1F09F), containing 100 domino tiles, was added. === Extended blocks === * Archaic letters and capital kai symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0370-U+0373, U+0375-U+0376 and U+03CF) * Combining Pokrytie (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0487) * Mordvin, Kurdish, Aleut and Chuvash letters (total 16 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0514-U+0523) * Radix symbols, Letterlike, punctuation, Koranic annotation signs and additions for early Persian and Azerbaijani (total 15 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0606-U+060A, U+0616-U+061A and U+063B-U+063F) * Additional letters in Torwali, Burushaski and early Persian (total 18 characters) were added to '''Arabic Supplement'''. (U+076E-U+077F) * High spacing dot and candra a (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0971-U+0972) * Udaat and yakash signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A51 and U+0A75) * Vocalic rr, l and ll (total 3 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B44 and U+0B62-U+0B63) * Om symbol (ௐ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BD0) * Avagraha, additional phonetic letters, vocalic l and ll, fractional signs and tuumu (total 13 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3D, U+0C58-U+0C59, U+0C62-U+0C63 and U+0C78-U+0C7F) * Avagraha, vocalic rr, l and ll, Malayalam numerics and fractions and chillu letters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D3D, U+0D44, U+0D62-U+0D63, U+0D70-U+0D75 and U+0D79-U+0D7F) * Letters for Balti and various symbols (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6B-U+0F6C, U+0FCE and U+0FD2-U+0FD4) * Characters for various languages (total 78 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+1022, U+1028, U+102B, U+1033-U+1035, U+103A-U+103F, U+105A-U+1099 and U+109E-U+109F) * Manchu Ali Gali lha (ᢪ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+18AA) * Miscellaneous combining marks (total 28 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DCB-U+1DE6) * Medievalist latin letters and miscellaneous letters (total 10 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9C-U+1E9F and U+1EFA-U+1EFF) * Invisible plus (+) (total 1 character) was added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2064) * Combining asterisk above ( ⃰)(total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F0) * Symbol for Samaritan Source (⅏) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214F) * Archaic Roman Numerals (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2185-U+2188) * Outlined white star and other signs (total 15 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269D, U+26B3-U+26BC and U+26C0-U+26C3) * Long division and additional mathematical brackets (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CC and U+27EC-U+27EF) * Miscellaneous signs (total 51 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B1B-U+2B1F, U+2B24-U+2B4C, and U+2B50-U+2B54) * Additional Latin letters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C6D-U+2C6F, U+2C71-U+2C73, and U+2C78-U+2C7D) * Additional punctuation (total 23 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E18-U+2E1B and U+2E1E-U+2E30) * Letter ih (ㄭ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312D) * Other strokes (total 20 characters) were added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31D0-U+31E3) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FBC-U+9FC3) * Africanist tone letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A71B-U+A71F) * Miscellaneous letters and symbols (total 112 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A722-U+A78C and U+A7FB-U+A7FF) * Continuous macrons for Coptic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE24-U+FE26) * Musical symbol multiple measure rest (𝄩) (total 1 character) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D129) == Unicode 5.2 == Unicode 5.2 was released in October 1, 2009. It encoded 107,296 characters, adding 6,648 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Samaritan''' (U+0800-U+083F), containing 61 letters for Samaritan script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended''' (U+18B0-U+18FF), containing 70 syllables for various Cree languages, was added. * '''Tai Tham''' (U+1A20-U+1AAF), containing 127 letters for Tai Tham script, was added. * '''Vedic Extensions''' (U+1CD0-U+1CFF), containing 35 characters for tone marks and signs, was added. * '''Lisu''' (U+A4D0-U+A4FF), containing 48 letters for Lisu (Fraser) script, was added. * '''Bamum''' (U+A6A0-U+A6FF), containing 88 letters for Bamum script, was added. * '''Common Indic Number Forms''' (U+A830-U+A83F), containing 10 fractions and marks, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended''' (U+A8E0-U+A8FF), containing 28 additional marks, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-A''' (U+A960-U+A97F), containing 29 characters for additional old initial consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Javanese''' (U+A980-U+A9DF), containing 91 letters for Javanese script, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-A''' (U+AA60-U+AA7B), containing 28 letters for Khamti Shan in Myanmar, was added. * '''Tai Viet''' (U+AA80-U+AADF), containing 72 letters for Tai Viet script, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek''' (U+ABC0-U+ABFF), containing 56 letters for Meetei Mayek script, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-B''' (U+D7B0-U+D7FF), containing 72 characters for additional old medieval vowels and final consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Imperial Aramaic''' (U+10840-U+1085F), containing 31 characters for Old Aramaic, was added. * '''Old South Arabian''' (U+10A60-U+10A7F), containing 32 letters and numbers for South Arabian, was added. * '''Avestan''' (U+10B00-U+10B3F), containing 61 characters for Avestan script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Parthian''' (U+10B40-U+10B5F), containing 30 characters for Inscriptional Parthian script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Pahlavi''' (U+10B60-U+10B7F), containing 27 characters for Inscriptional Pahlavi script, was added. * '''Old Turkic''' (U+10C00-U+10C4F), containing 73 characters for Orkhon script, was added. * '''Rumi Numeral Symbols''' (U+10E60-U+10E7F), containing 31 numeric characters used in Fez, Morocco, and elsewhere in North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, between the tenth and seventeenth centuries, was added. * '''Kaithi''' (U+11080-U+110CF), containing 66 letters for Kaithi script, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' (U+13000-U+1342F), containing 1,071 hieroglyphs for Egyptian, was added. * '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement''' (U+1F100-U+1F1FF), containing 63 additional circled, parenthesized and squared alphanumerics, was added. * '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement''' (U+1F200-U+1F2FF), containing 44 squared and tortoised shell bracketed ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C''' (U+2A700-U+2B73F), containing 4,149 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Abkhaz letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0524-U+0525) * Inverted Candrabindu and additional signs and letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0900, U+094E, U+0955 and U+0979-U+097A) * Ganda Mark (৻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FB) * Religious svasti signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD5-U+0FD8) * Extensions for Khamti Shan and Alton and Phake (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+109A-U+109D) * Additional old initial consonants, medival vowels, and old final consonants (total 16 characters) were added to '''Hangul Jamo'''. (U+115A-U+115E, U+11A3-U+11A7 and U+11FA-U+11FF) * Hyphen and additional syllables (total 10 characters) were added to '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics'''. (U+1400 and U+1677-U+167F) * Letter Sua and Tham Digit One (total 3 characters) were added to '''New Tai Lue'''. (U+19AA-U+19AB and U+19DA) * Combing Almost Equal to Below ( ᷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFD) * The Live Tournosis, Spesmillo and Tenge signs (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B6-U+20B8) * Additional vulgar fractions from ARIB STD B24 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2150-U+2152 and U+2189) * Decimal exponent symbol (⏨) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E8) * A soccer ball and symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 59 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269E-U+269F, U+26BD-U+26BF, U+26C4-U+26CD, U+26CF-U+26E1, U+26E3 and U+26E8-U+26FF) * Heavy exclamation mark symbol (❗) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2757) * Traffic sign, dictionary and map symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B55-U+2B59) * Capital letter turned alpha and additions for Shona (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C70 to U+2C7E-U+2C7F) * Cryptogrammic letters and combining marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CEB-U+2CF1) * Word separator middle dot (⸱) (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E31) * Circled ideographs and numbers on black squares from ARIB STD B24 (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3244-U+324F) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FC4-U+9FCB) * Miscellaneous additions for compatibility (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA6B-U+FA6D) * Number two and three (total 2 characters) were added to '''Phoenician'''. (U+1091A-U+1091B) == Unicode 6.0 == Unicode 6.0 was released in October 11, 2010. It encoded 109,384 characters, adding 2,088 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Mandaic''' (U+0840-U+085F), containing 29 letters for Mandaic script, was added. * '''Batak''' (U+1BC0-U+1BFF), containing 56 letters for Batak script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-A''' (U+AB00-U+AB2F), containing 32 letters for Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, Basketo and Gumuz Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Brahmi''' (U+11000-U+1107F), containing 108 characters for ancient Brahmi abugida, was added. * '''Bamum Supplement''' (U+16800-U+16A3F), containing 761 letters for additional Bamum script, was added. * '''Kana Supplement''' (U+1B000-U+1B0FF), containing 2 characters for archaic katakana, was added. * '''Playing Cards''' (U+1F0A0-U+1F0FF), containing 59 playing cards, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F300-U+1F5FF), containing 529 additional symbols, was added. * '''Emoticons''' (U+1F600-U+1F64F), containing 63 faces, cat faces and gesture symbols, was added. * '''Transport and Map Symbols''' (U+1F680-U+1F6FF), containing 70 transportation, traffic signs and other symbols, was added. * '''Alchemical Symbols''' (U+1F700-U+1F77F), containing 116 symbols for elements, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D''' (U+2B740-U+2B81F), containing 222 miscellaneous Han ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Azerbaijani letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0526-U+0527) * Kashmiri Yeh and Wavy hamza below (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0620 and U+065F) * Dependent vowel signs and letters used in Kashmiri and Bihari (total 10 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+093A-U+093B, U+094F, U+0956-U+0957 and U+0973-U+0977) * Fraction signs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B72-U+0B77) * Letters used in scholarly only and letter dot reph (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D29, U+0D3A and U+0D4E) * Leading and Trailing Mchan Rtags (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F8C-U+0F8F, U+0FD9-U+0FDA) * Additional combining marks (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+135D-U+135E) * Combining Double Inverted Breve Below (᷼) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFC) * Miscellaneous subscript letters (total 8 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2095-U+209C) * Indian Rupee Sign (₹) (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B9) * Pointing double triangle and additional mechanical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E9-U+23F3) * Ophiuchus, astronomical symbol for Uranus and pentagrams (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26CE, U+26E2 and U+26E4-U+26E7) * Additional heavy punctation marks, raised fist, raised hand, sparkles, heavy arithmetic symbols and curly loops (total 16 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2705, U+270A-U+270B, U+2728, U+274C, U+274E, U+2753-U+2755, U+275F-U+2760, U+2795-U+2797, U+27B0 and U+27BF) * Squared logicals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CE-U+27CF) * Separator mark and consonant joiner (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D70 and U+2D7F) * Bopomofo for Hmu and Ge (total 3 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31B8-U+31BA) * Reversed Tse (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A660-U+A661) * Additional letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78D-U+A78E, U+A790-U+A791, U+A7A0-U+A7A9 and U+A7FA) * Pedagogical symbols (total 16 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBB2-U+FBC1) * Additional squared, black circled and squared letters and regional indicator letters (total 107 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F130, U+1F132-U+1F13C, U+1F13E, U+1F140-U+1F141, U+1F143-U+1F145, U+1F147-U+1F149, U+1F14F, U+1F150-U+1F156, U+1F158-U+1F15E, U+1F160-U+1F169, U+1F170-U+1F178, U+1F17A, U+1F17D-U+1F17E, U+1F180-U+1F189, U+1F18E-U+1F18F, U+1F191-U+1F19A and U+1F1E6-U+1F1FF) * Squared katakana, squared ideographs and circled advantage and accept (total 13 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F201-U+1F202, U+1F232-U+1F23A and U+1F250-U+1F251) == Unicode 6.1 == Unicode 6.1 was released in January 31, 2012. It encoded 110,116 characters, adding 732 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-A''' (U+08A0-U+08FF), containing 39 characters, was added. * '''Sundanese Supplement''' (U+1CC0-U+1CCF), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek Extensions''' (U+AAE0-U+AAFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Hieroglyphs''' (U+10980-U+1099F), containing 32 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Cursive''' (U+109A0-U+109FF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sora Sompeng''' (U+110D0-U+110FF), containing 35 characters, was added. * '''Chakma''' (U+11100-U+1114F), containing 67 characters, was added. * '''Sharada''' (U+11180-U+111DF), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Takri''' (U+11680-U+116CF), containing 66 characters, was added. * '''Miao''' (U+16F00-U+16F9F), containing 133 characters, was added. * '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols''' (U+1EE00-U+1EEFF), containing 143 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An Armenian Dram sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058F) * A sign Samvat (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0604) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF0) * Letters for Khmu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0EDE-U+0EDF) * Capital letter Yn, letter Aen, Hard and Labial sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10C7, U+10CD and U+10FD-U+10FF) * Letters and signs for Old Sundanese (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sundanese'''. (U+1BAB-U+1BAD and U+1BBA-U+1BBF) * Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga, Candra Above, Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 4 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF3-U+1CF6) * Mathematical diagonals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CB and U+27CD) * A letter Bohairic Khei (total 2 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CF2-U+2CF3) * Small letters Yn and Aen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian Supplement'''. (U+2D27 and U+2D2D) * Letters Ye and Yo (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D66-U+2D67) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E32-U+2E3B) * An additional ideograph for Kanji (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCC) * Combining letter for Slavonic (total 9 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A674-U+A67B and U+A69F) * Letter C with Bar, capital letter H with Hook and modifier letters for extended IPA (total 5 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A792-U+A793, U+A7AA and U+A7F8-U+A7F9) * Some additional ideographs for Korea (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA2E-U+FA2F) * Symbols for Canadian legal use (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16A-U+1F16B) * Typikon symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F540-U+1F543) * (total 13 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F600, U+1F611, U+1F615, U+1F617, U+1F619, U+1F61B, U+1F61F, U+1F626-U+1F627, U+1F62C, U+1F62E-U+1F62F and U+1F634) == Unicode 6.2 == Unicode 6.2 was released in September 26, 2012. It encoded 110,117 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A Turkish Lira sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BA) == Unicode 6.3 == Unicode 6.3 was released in September 30, 2013. It encoded 110,122 characters, adding only 5 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Letter mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061C) * Isolate directional format characters (total 4 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2066-U+2069) == Unicode 7.0 == Unicode 7.0 was released in June 16, 2014. It encoded 112,956 characters, adding 2,834 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended''' (U+1AB0-U+1AFF), containing 15 marks, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-B''' (U+A9E0-U+A9FF), containing 31 letters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-E''' (U+AB30-U+AB6F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Coptic Epact Numbers''' (U+102E0-U+102FF), containing 28 numbers, was added. * '''Old Permic''' (U+10350-U+1037F), containing 43 letters, was added. * '''Elbasan''' (U+10500-U+1052F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Caucasian Albanian''' (U+10530-U+1056F), containing 53 letters and marks, was added. * '''Linear A''' (U+10600-U+1077F), containing 341 signs, was added. * '''Palmyrene''' (U+10860-U+1087F), containing 32 letters, was added. * '''Nabataean''' (U+10880-U+108AF), containing 40 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Old North Arabian''' (U+10A80-U+10A9F), containing 32 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Manichaean''' (U+10AC0-U+10AFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Psalter Pahlavi''' (U+10B80-U+10BAF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Mahajani''' (U+11150-U+1117F), containing 39 letters and signs, was added. * '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers''' (U+111E0-U+111FF), containing 20 numbers, was added. * '''Khojki''' (U+11200-U+1124F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Khudawadi''' (U+112B0-U+112FF), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Grantha''' (U+11300-U+1137F), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Tirhuta''' (U+11480-U+114DF), containing 82 characters, was added. * '''Siddham''' (U+11580-U+115FF), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Modi''' (U+11600-U+1165F), containing 79 characters, was added. * '''Warang Citi''' (U+118A0-U+118FF), containing 84 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Pau Cin Hau''' (U+11AC0-U+11AFF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Mro''' (U+16A40-U+16A6F), containing 43 characters, was added. * '''Bassa Vah''' (U+16AD0-U+16AFF), containing 36 characters, was added. * '''Pahawh Hmong''' (U+16B00-U+16B8F), containing 127 letters and signs, was added. * '''Duployan''' (U+1BC00-U+1BC9F), containing 143 characters, was added. * '''Shorthand Format Controls''' (U+1BCA0-U+1BCAF), containing 4 format characters, was added. * '''Mende Kikakui''' (U+1E800-U+1E8DF), containing 213 syllables and numbers, was added. * '''Ornamental Dingbats''' (U+1F650-U+1F67F), containing 48 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Geometric Shapes Extended''' (U+1F780-U+1F7FF), containing 85 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-C''' (U+1F800-U+1F8FF), containing 148 pictographic characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter Yot (total 1 character) was added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037F) * Letters for Orok, Komi and Khanty (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0528-U+052F) * An Eternity sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058D-U+058E) * A Number Mark Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0605) * Letters for African, Philippine, Turkic, Berber, Belarusian, Palula and Shina languages (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08A1, U+08AD-U+08B2 and U+08FF) * A letter for Marwari (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0978) * A sign Anji (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+0980) * Sign Candrabindu and letter Llla (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C00 and U+0C34) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C81) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D01) * Lith Numerals (total 10 characters) were added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0DE6-U+0DEF) * Additional Old English runes (total 8 characters) were added to '''Runic'''. (U+16F1-U+16F8) * Letters Gyan and Tra (total 2 characters) were added to '''Limbu'''. (U+191D-U+191E) * Signs for Jaiminiya Sama Veda (total 2 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF8-U+1CF9) * Marks for Germanic and American lexicology (total 15 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DE7-U+1DF5) * Nordic Mark, Manat and Ruble sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BB-U+20BD) * Playback symbols from Webdings font (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23F4-U+23FA) * A Scissors symbol from Wingdings 2 font (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2700) * Arrows for Lithuanian dialectology and symbols from Wingdings 3 font (total 115 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B4D-U+2B4F, U+2B5A-U+2B5F, U+2B60-U+2B73, U+2B76-U+2B95, U+2B98-U+2BB9, U+2BBD-U+2BC8 and U+2BCA-U+2BD1) * (total 7 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E3C-U+2E42) * Early Cyrillic letters and letters for Lithuanian dialectology (total 6 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A698-U+A69D) * Letters for European, American and African orthography (total 18 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A794-U+A79F, U+A7AB-U+A7AD, U+A7B0-U+A7B1 and U+A7F7) * Tone marks for Tai Laing and letters for Shwe Palaung (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar Extended-A'''. (U+AA7C-U+AA7F) * Combining phonetic marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE27-U+FE2D) * Additional mathematical symbols (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018B-U+1018C) * A Greek Tau Rho symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+101A0) * A letter Ess (total 1 character) was added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1031F) * A Number Joiner (total 1 character) was added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107F) * Sutra mark and sign Ekam (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CD and U+111DA) * Additional cuneiform signs (total 42 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+1236F-U+12398) * Additional numbers, vulgar fractions and a punctuation mark (total 13 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+12463-U+1246E and U+12474) * Red Joker, Fool and trumps (total 23 characters) were added to '''Playing Cards'''. (U+1F0BF and U+1F0E0-U+1F0F5) * Dingbat normal and negative sans-serif digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10B-U+1F10C) * Symbols from Webdings, Wingdings 1 and 2 font (total 209 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F321-U+1F32C, U+1F336, U+1F37D, U+1F394-U+1F39F, U+1F3C5, U+1F3CB-U+1F3CE, U+1F3D4-U+1F3DF, U+1F3F1-U+1F3F7, U+1F43F, U+1F441, U+1F4F8, U+1F4FD-U+1F4FE, U+1F53E-U+1F53F, U+1F544-U+1F54A, U+1F568-U+1F579, U+1F57B-U+1F5A3 and U+1F5A5-U+1F5FA) * Slightly frowning and smiling faces emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F641-U+1F642) * Symbols from Webdings and Wingdings 2 font (total 27 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6C6-U+1F6CF, U+1F6E0-U+1F6EC and U+1F6F0-U+1F6F3) == Unicode 8.0 == Unicode 8.0 was released in June 17, 2015. It encoded 120,672 characters, adding 7,716 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cherokee Supplement''' (U+AB70-U+ABBF), containing 80 lowercase letters, was added. * '''Hatran''' (U+108E0-U+108FF), containing 26 letters, was added. * '''Old Hungarian''' (U+10C80-U+10CFF), containing 108 letters, was added. * '''Multani''' (U+11280-U+112AF), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Ahom''' (U+11700-U+1173F), containing 57 letters, was added. * '''Early Dynastic Cuneiform''' (U+12480-U+1254F), containing 196 characters, was added. * '''Anatolian Hieroglyphs''' (U+14400-U+1467F), containing 583 characters, was added. * '''Sutton SignWriting''' (U+1D800-U+1DAAF), containing 672 signs, was added. * '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F900-U+1F9FF), containing 15 pictographic characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E''' (U+2B820-U+2CEAF), containing 5762 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Arwi (total 3 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B3-U+08B4 and U+08E3) * A letter for Avestan transliteration (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF9) * A letter for Andhra Pradesh (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5A) * An archaic letter II (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D5F) * A letter Mv and small letters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cherokee'''. (U+13F5 and U+13F8-U+13FD) * A Georgian Lari sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BE) * Turned digits (total 2 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+218A-U+218B) * Two headed arrows with triangle arrowheads (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BEC-U+2BEF) * Some additional ideographs (total 9 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCD-U+9FD5) * A combining letter Ef (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A69E) * Sinological dot, phonetic extension for African languages, letters for American and Gabonese orthography (total 7 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78F and U+A7B2-U+A7B7) * Sign Siddham and letter Jain Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FC-U+A8FD) * Letters for Yakut transliteration (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB60-U+AB63) * A combining mark for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE2E-U+FE2F) * Numerals and vulgar fractions (total 64 characters) were added to '''Meroitic Cursive'''. (U+109BC-U+109BD, U+109C0-U+109CF and U+109D2-U+109FF) * Sandhi mark, diacritical marks for Kashmiri, sign Siddham and punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111C9-U+111CC and U+111DB-U+111DF) * Combining Anusvara Above and letter Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Grantha'''. (U+11300 and U+11350) * Section marks and alternate letters (total 20 characters) were added to '''Siddham'''. (U+115CA-U+115DD) * An additional sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+12399) * East-Slavic musical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1DE-U+1D1E8) * (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F32D-U+1F32F, U+1F37E-U+1F37F, U+1F3CF-U+1F3D3, U+1F3F8-U+1F3FF, U+1F4FF and U+1F54B-U+1F54F) * Upside Down Face and Face With Rolling Eyes emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F643-U+1F644) * A Place of Worship emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D0) == Unicode 9.0 == Unicode 9.0, was released in June 21, 2016. It encoded 128,172 characters, adding 7,500 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Extended-C''' (U+1C80-U+1C8F), containing 9 letters, was added. * '''Osage''' (U+104B0-U+104FF), containing 72 letters, was added. * '''Newa''' (U+11400-U+1147F), containing 92 letters, was added. * '''Mongolian Supplement''' (U+11660-U+1167F), containing 13 letters, was added. * '''Bhaiksuki''' (U+11C00-U+11C6F), containing 97 letters, was added. * '''Marchen''' (U+11C70-U+11CBF), containing 68 letters, was added. * '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+16FE0-U+16FFF), containing 1 letter, was added. * '''Tangut''' (U+17000-U+187FF), containing 6125 letters, was added. * '''Tangut Components''' (U+18800-U+18AFF), containing 755 letters, was added. * '''Glagolitic Supplement''' (U+1E000-U+1E02F), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Adlam''' (U+1E900-U+1E95F), containing 87 letters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Bravanese, Warsh and Quranic marks used in Pakistan (total 23 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B6-U+08BD and U+08D4-U+08E2) * A sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C80) * Sign Para, Chillu letters and vulgar fractions (total 14 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D4F, U+0D54-U+0D56, U+0D58-U+0D5E and U+0D76-U+0D78) * A diacritical mark for Newa (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFB) * Power symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FB-U+23FE) * Punctuation marks for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E43-U+2E44) * A letter for Unifon (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AE) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Saurashtra'''. (U+A8C5) * Indiction sign and a currency symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018D-U+1018E) * A sign Sukun (total 1 character) was added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123E) * Japanese TV symbols (total 18 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F19B-U+1F1AC) * A Japanese TV symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F23B) * A dancing man and Black Heart emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F57A and U+1F5A4) * Octagonal Sign, Shopping Trolley, scooters and a Canoe emoji (total 5 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D1-U+1F6D2 and U+1F6F4-U+1F6F6) * (total 67 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F919-U+1F91E, U+1F920-U+1F927, U+1F930, U+1F933-U+1F93E, U+1F940-U+1F94B, U+1F950-U+1F95E and U+1F985-U+1F991) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |0030 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # DIGIT ZERO |- |1000 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KA |- |1002 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER GA |- |1004 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER NGA |- |1010 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER TA |- |1011 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER THA |- |1015 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER PA |- |1019 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER MA |- |101A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER YA |- |101C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER LA |- |101D FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER WA |- |1022 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN A |- |1031 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E |- |1075 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KA |- |1078 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CA |- |107A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA |- |1080 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN THA |- |2205 FE00 | |zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form # EMPTY SET |- |AA60 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI GA |- |AA61 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CA |- |AA62 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CHA |- |AA63 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JA |- |AA64 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JHA |- |AA65 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NYA |- |AA66 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTA |- |AA6B FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NA |- |AA6C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI SA |- |AA6F FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI FA |- |AA7A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER AITON RA |- |… | |278 additional emoji variation sequences |} == Unicode 10.0 == Unicode 10.0, was released in June 20, 2017. It encoded 136,690 characters, adding 8,518 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac Supplement''' (U+0860-U+086F), containing 11 characters, was added. * '''Zanabazar Square''' (U+11A00-U+11A4F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Soyombo''' (U+11A50-U+11AAF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Masaram Gondi''' (U+11D00-U+11D5F), containing 75 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-A''' (U+1B100-U+1B12F), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Nushu''' (U+1B170-U+1B2FF), containing 396 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F''' (U+2CEB0-U+2EBEF), containing 7,473 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Vedic Anusvara and Abbreviation mark (total 2 characters) were added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FC-U+09FD) * Letters for Arabic transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AFA-U+0AFF) * A combining Anusvara Above and Viramas (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D00 and U+0D3B-U+0D3C) * A sign Atikrama (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF7) * Combining diacritical marks for Church Slavonic (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DF6-U+1DF9) * A Bitcoin sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BF) * An Observe Eye symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FF) * A Group mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BD2) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E45-U+2E49) * A letter O with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312E) * Ideographs for Slavonic transliteration (total 21 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FD6-U+9FEA) * Letters for North Italic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1032D-U+1032F) * An Iteration mark for Nushu (total 1 character) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE1) * Letters for Hentaigana (total 254 characters) were added to '''Kana Supplement'''. (U+1B002-U+1B0FF) * Symbols for Chinese Folk religion (total 6 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F260-U+1F265) * Stupa, Pagoda, Sled and Flying Saucer emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D3-U+1F6D4 and U+1F6F7-U+1F6F8) * (total 66 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F900-U+1F90B, U+1F91F, U+1F928-U+1F92F, U+1F931-U+1F932, U+1F94C, U+1F95F-U+1F96B, U+1F992-U+1F997 and U+1F9D0-U+1F9E6) == Unicode 11.0 == Unicode 11.0, was released in June 5, 2018. It encoded 137,374 characters, adding 684 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Georgian Extended''' (U+1C90-U+1CBF), containing 46 characters, was added. * '''Hanifi Rohingya''' (U+10D00-U+10D3F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Old Sogdian''' (U+10F00-U+10F2F), containing 40 characters, was added. * '''Sogdian''' (U+10F30-U+10F6F), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''Dogra''' (U+11800-U+1184F), containing 60 characters, was added. * '''Gunjala Gondi''' (U+11D60-U+11DAF), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Makasar''' (U+11EE0-U+11EFF), containing 25 characters, was added. * '''Medefaidrin''' (U+16E40-U+16E9F), containing 91 characters, was added. * '''Mayan Numerals''' (U+1D2E0-U+1D2FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Indic Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC70-U+1ECBF), containing 68 characters, was added. * '''Chess Symbols''' (U+1FA00-U+1FA6F), containing 14 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Small letters Turned Ayb and Yi with Stroke (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0560 and U+0588) * A triangle Yod (total 1 character) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05EF) * A Dantayalan and currency symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''N'Ko'''. (U+07FD-U+07FF) * A Small Low Waw (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08D3) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FE) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A76) * A combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C04) * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C84) * A letter for Buryat (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1878) * Symbols for chess notation, astrological and half star symbols (total 43 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BBA-U+2BBC, U+2BD3-U+2BEB and 2BF0-U+2BFE) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4A-U+2E4E) * A letter NN (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312F) * Some ideographs for Kanji (total 5 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FEB-U+9FEF) * A small capital Q and a letter for Mazahua (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AF and U+A7B8-U+A7B9) * Letter and vowel sign Ay (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FE-U+A8FF) * Letters Ttta, Vha and a vulgar fraction (total 3 characters) were added to '''Kharoshthi'''. (U+10A34-U+10A35 and U+10A48) * A Number Sign Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Kaithi'''. (U+110CD) * Letter Lhaa, vowel sign Aa and Ei (total 3 characters) were added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11144-U+11146) * A combining Bindu Below (total 1 character) was added to '''Grantha'''. (U+1133B) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145E) * An alternate letter Ba (total 1 character) was added to '''Ahom'''. (U+1171A) * A mark Pluta (total 1 character) was added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A9D) * Additional ideographs (total 5 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187ED-U+187F1) * Tally marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Counting Rod Numerals'''. (U+1D372-U+1D378) * A Copyleft symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F12F) * A Skateboard emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6F9) * Normal and negative circled shapes (total 4 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D5-U+1F7D8) * (total 65 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F94D-U+1F94F, U+1F96C-U+1F970, U+1F973-U+1F976, U+1F97A, U+1F97C-U+1F97F, U+1F998-U+1F99F, U+1F9A0-U+1F9A2, U+1F9B0-U+1F9B9, U+1F9C1-U+1F9C2 and U+1F9E7-U+1F9FF) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |FF10 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # FULLWIDTH DIGIT ZERO |} == Unicode 12.0 == Unicode 12.0 was released on March 5, 2019. It encoded 137,928 characters, adding 554 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Elymaic''' (U+10FE0-U+10FFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Nandinagari''' (U+119A0-U+119FF), containing 65 characters, was added. * '''Tamil Supplement''' (U+11FC0-U+11FFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls''' (U+13430-U+1343F), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Small Kana Extension''' (U+1B130-U+1B16F), containing 7 characters, was added. * '''Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong''' (U+1E100-U+1E14F), containing 71 characters, was added. * '''Wancho''' (U+1E2C0-U+1E2FF), containing 59 characters, was added. * '''Ottoman Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ED00-U+1ED4F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A''' (U+1FA70-U+1FAFF), containing 16 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C77) * Letters for Pail and Sanskrit (total 15 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0E86, U+0E89, U+0E8C, U+0E8E-U+0E93, U+0E98, U+0EA0, U+0EA8-U+0EA9, U+0EAC and U+0EBA) * A sign Double Anusvara Antargomukha (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CFA) * An astrological symbol and Hellschreiber Pause symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BC9 and U+2BFF) * A Cornish Verse Divider (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4F) * Egyptological letters, Anglicana W and letters for early Pinyin (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7BA-U+A7BF and U+A7C2-U+A7C6) *Sinological phonetic letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB66-U+AB67) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145F) * An archaic letter Kha (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B8) * Sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 2 characters) were added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A84-U+11A85) * Letters for various Yi and Miao languages (total 16 characters) were added to '''Miao'''. (U+16F45-U+16F4A, U+16F4F and U+16F7F-U+16F87) * Marks for Ancient Chinese texts (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE2-U+16FE3) * Some additional ideographs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F2-U+187F7) * A Nasalization mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Adlam'''. (U+1E94B) * A Spanish and Portuguese register mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16C) * Hindu Temple and Auto Rickshaw emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D5 and U+1F6FA) * Large colored circles and boxes (total 12 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7E0-U+1F7EB) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90D-U+1F90F, U+1F93F, U+1F971, U+1F97B, U+1F9A5-U+1F9AA, U+1F9AE-U+1F9AF, U+1F9BA-U+1F9BF, U+1F9C3-U+1F9CA and U+1F9CD-U+1F9CF) * Heterodox chess symbols (total 84 characters) were added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA00-U+1FA53) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Spacing Modifier Letters |02EA, 02EB |2 |- |Vedic Extensions |1CF2..1CF3 |2 |- |Currency Symbols |20A9 |1 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001, 3002 |2 |- |Bopomofo |3105..312F |43 |- |Bopomofo Extended |31A0..31BA |27 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |37C3, 3B9D, 3CFD, 3FE0, 44EC, 4A76 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5344, 55B9, 6ABC, 6FF9, 809E, 80BC, 80E9, 8132, 8159, 841C, 891D, 8C6C, 915E, 9FD4 |14 |- |Phags-pa |A840..A877 |56 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01, FF0C, FF0E, FF1A, FF1B, FF1F |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |200DD, 20164, 20BBF, 20C02, 20CED, 21D4C, 2278B, 23AB8, 2459B, 24A7D, 24FB9, 25ED7, 2677C, 26B4C, 26C21, 26CBE, 26E3D, 28834, 289A1, 289C0, 28A0F, 28B46 |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A8FB, 2A917, 2AA30 |3 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BA52, 2BD77, 2C494, 2C72F, 2C734, 2CB38 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D23B, 2E83A |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !192 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |3001 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3001 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3002 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |3002 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |FF01 FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF01 FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF0C FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0C FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0E FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF0E FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF1A FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1A FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1B FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1B FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1F FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |- |FF1F FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |} == Unicode 12.1 == Unicode 12.1 was released on May 7, 2019. It encoded 137,929 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A square era name Reiwa (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32FF) == Unicode 13.0 == Unicode 13.0 was released on March 10, 2020. It encoded 143,859 characters, adding 5,930 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Yezidi''' (U+10E80-U+10EBF), containing 47 characters, was added. * '''Chorasmian''' (U+10FB0-U+10FDF), containing 28 characters, was added. * '''Dives Akuru''' (U+11900-U+1195F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Lisu Supplement''' (U+11FB0-U+11FBF), containing 1 character, was added. * '''Khitan Small Script''' (U+18B00-U+18CFF), containing 470 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Supplement''' (U+18D00-U+18D08), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing''' (U+1FB00-U+1FBFF), containing 212 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G''' (U+30000-U+3134F), containing 4939 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for African languages and Punjabi (total 10 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08BE-U+08C7) * A sign Overline (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B55) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D04) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0D81) * Combining diacritical marks for Scottish phonology (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ABF-U+1AC0) * A Japanese symbol for Type A Electronics (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B97) * Cross patties and a Tironian sign Capita Et (total 3 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E50-U+2E52) * Letters for Taiwan and Cantonese language (total 5 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31BB-U+31BF) * Some disunified ideographs (total 10 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A'''. (U+4DB6-4DBF) * Some ideographs for China (total 13 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FF0-U+9FFC) * Letters for Gaulish (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C7-U+A7CA and U+A7F5-U+A7F6) * An alternate sign Nasanta (total 1 character) was added to '''Syloti Nagri'''. (U+A82C) * Letter R With Midle Tilde and modifier letters for Scottish phonology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB68-U+AB6B) * A symbol Ascia (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+1019C) * A letter for Pali (total 1 character) was added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11147) * A vowel sign Prishthamatra E and Inverted Candrabindu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CE and U+111CF) * Double comma, sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 3 characters) were added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145A and U+11460-U+11461) * Khitan Small Script Filler and reading marks for Vietnamese (total 3 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE4 and U+16FF0-U+16FF1) * Some additional components (total 13 characters) were added to '''Tangut Components'''. (U+18AF3-U+18AFF) * Creative Commons license symbols and Mask Work symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10D-U+1F10F, U+1F16D-1F16F and U+1F1AD) * Hut, Elevator, Pickup Truck and Roller Skate emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D6-U+1F6D7 and U+1F6FB-U+1F6FC) * Arrows for legacy computing (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B0-U+1F8B1) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90C, U+1F972, U+1F977-U+1F978, U+1F9A3-U+1F9A4, U+1F9AB-U+1F9AD and U+1F9CB) * (total 41 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA74, U+1FA83-U+1FA86, U+1FA96-U+1FAA8, U+1FAB0-U+1FAB6, U+1FAC0-U+1FAC2 and U+1FAD0-U+1FAD6) * Gongche characters for Kunqu Opera (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6D7-U+2A6DD) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Tagalog |1700..170C, 170E..1714 |20 |- |Mongolian |1834, 1871, 1878 |3 |- |Sundanese |1BAB |1 |- |Currency Symbols |20BF |1 |- |CJK Radicals Supplement |2E80..2E99, 2E9B..2EF3 |115 |- |Kangxi Radicals |2F00..2FD5 |214 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3472, 38C7, 3DB8, 3FE0, 440B, 46E9 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |53FD, 6146, 6711, 671C, 6721, 6725, 6BD2, 7B9A, 87CE, 8956, 93BF, 9B97 |12 |- |Latin Extended-D |A764..A765 |2 |- |Phags-pa |A86D |1 |- |Tangut |175F6, 17F0D, 17F8A, 17FA5, 180D6, 18139, 18147, 184F1, 18736 |9 |- |Tangut Components |18843, 18856, 1888C, 1890A, 18915, 1893B |6 |- |Adlam |1E900..1E94A, 1E950..1E959, 1E95E..1E95F |71 |- |Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs |1F3B1 |1 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F995..1F998, 1F99B..1F99E, 1F9B0..1F9B3, 1F9E7 |13 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20219, 21249, 21827, 22C3A, 2327B, 23496, 2355E, 2363B, 236ED, 23839, 23FD5, 24261, 24726, 248F2, 2548E, 26657, 26C9E, 26FE1, 27334, 27C0E, 27CEF, 2A38C |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2AED5, 2AEF3, 2AF76, 2B09F, 2B1C3, 2B1E5 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2B83C, 2B8D9..2B8DA, 2B96F, 2BBD7, 2BD61, 2BE4A, 2BF1D, 2BF9D, 2C0B8, 2C142, 2C176, 2C316, 2C3FB, 2C402, 2C7AC, 2C82C, 2C83A, 2C9A1, 2CC88, 2CD68 |21 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2DC09, 2DE4A, 2EB7E, 2EB89 |4 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F83B, 2F878, 2F8D6..2F8D7, 2F8DA, 2F8F0, 2F984, 2FA02 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !536 |} == Unicode 14.0 == Unicode 14.0 was released on September 14, 2021. It encoded 144,697 characters, adding 838 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-B''' (U+0870-U+089F), containing 41 characters, was added. * '''Vithkuqi''' (U+10570-U+105BF), containing 70 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-F''' (U+10780-U+107BF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Old Uyghur''' (U+10F70-U+10FAF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A''' (U+11AB0-U+11ABF), containing 16 characters, was added. * '''Cypro-Minoan''' (U+12F90-U+12FFF), containing 99 characters, was added. * '''Tangsa''' (U+16A70-U+16ACF), containing 89 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-B''' (U+1AFF0-U+1AFFF), containing 13 characters, was added. * '''Znamenny Musical Notation''' (U+1CF00-U+1CFFF), containing 185 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-G''' (U+1DF00-U+1DFFF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Toto''' (U+1E290-U+1E2BF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-B''' (U+1E7E0-U+1E7FF), containing 28 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An End of Text punctuation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061D) * Letters for Balti and Quranic orthography (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B5 and U+08C8-U+08D2) * A sign Nukta and letter Nakaara Pollu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3C and U+0C5D) * A letter Nakaara Pollu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDD) * A letter Ra, sign Pamudpod and archaic letter Ra (total 3 characters) were added to '''Tagalog'''. (U+170D, U+1715 and U+171F) * A fourth Free variation selector (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+180F) * Combining diacritical marks for extended IPA (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AC1-U+1ACE) * An archaic ligature Jnya and punctuation marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4C and U+1B7D-U+1B7E) * A combining Dot Below Left (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFA) * A Kyrgyz Som sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C0) * A letter Caudate Chrivi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Glagolitic'''. (U+2C2F and U+2C5F) * Medieval and phonetic punctuation marks (total 11 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E53-U+2E5D) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FFD-U+9FFF) * Archaic European letters, modifier letters for Sokuon and Chatino orthography (total 13 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C0-U+A7C1, U+A7D0-U+A7D1, U+A7D3, U+A7D5, U+A7D6-U+A7D9 and U+A7F2-U+A7F4) * A modifier letter Wasla Above and honorifics (total 20 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC2, U+FD40-U+FD4F, U+FDCF and U+FDFE-U+FDFF) * Letters for Old Tamil (total 6 characters) were added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+11070-U+11075) * A vowel sign Vocalic R (total 1 character) was added to '''Khaiti'''. (U+110C2) * An Abbreviation sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B9) * Letters for Tai Ahom (total 7 characters) were added to '''Ahom'''. (U+11740-U+11746) The block was expanded from (U+11700-U+1173F) to (U+11700-U+1174F) * Kana archaic letters (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B11F-U+1B122) * Accidental symbols for Iranian classical music (total 2 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1E9-U+1D1EA) * Playground Slide, Wheel and Ring Buoy emoji (total 3 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DD-U+1F6DF) * A Heavy Equals Sign emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7F0) * A Troll and Face Holding Back Tears emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F979 and U+1F9CC) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA7B-U+1FA7C, U+1FAA9-U+1FAAC, U+1FAB7-U+1FABA, U+1FAC3-U+1FAC5, U+1FAD7-U+1FAD9, U+1FAE0-U+1FAE7 and U+1FAF0-U+1FAF6) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6DE-U+2A6DF) * Disunified ideographs and a G source ideograph for China, Hong Kong and Vietnam (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B735-U+2B738) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Latin Extended-B |0184..0185 |2 |- |Arabic |0674..0678, 06C5, 06C7, 06FE |8 |- |Letterlike Symbols |210B, 2110, 2112, 211B, 212C, 2130..2131, 2133 |8 |- |Enclosed Alphanumerics |2460..24FF |160 |- |Dingbats |2776..2793 |30 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001..3029, 3030..303D, 303F |56 |- |CJK Strokes |31C0..31E3 |36 |- |Katakana Phonetic Extensions |31F0..31FF |16 |- |Enclosed CJK Letters and Months |3200..321E, 3220..32FF |255 |- |CJK Compatibiity |3300..33FF |256 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3777, 3B3F |2 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5DD5, 652C, 6AC0 |3 |- |Arabic Presentation Forms-A |FBD7..FBD8, FBDD, FBE0..FBE1 |5 |- |Vertical Forms |FE10..FE19 |10 |- |CJK Compatibiity Forms |FE30..FE4F |32 |- |Small Form Variants |FE50..FE52, FE54..FE66, FE68..FE6B |26 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01..FF9F, FFA1..FFBE, FFC2..FFC7, FFCA..FFCF, FFD2..FFD7, FFDA..FFDC, FFE0..FFE6, FFE8..FFEE |225 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |1300A, 13017, 1302D, 13032, 13034..13035, 13037..13038, 1303A..1303E, 1304E..1304F, 13055, 13057, 13068, 1309A, 130D2, 130D5, 130F6, 130FE, 13192, 1325F, 13267, 1326A, 13281, 13297, 1329E, 132B4, 132C1, 132E6, 13304, 1331F, 13378..1337B, 1337D..1337E, 133F3, 133FA..13403, 1340D, 13417, 1342B |55 |- |Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols |1D49C, 1D49E..1D49F, 1D4A2, 1D4A5..1D4A6, 1D4A9..1D4AC, 1D4AE..1D4B5 |18 |- |Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement |1F100..1F1AD, 1F1E6..1F1FF |200 |- |Enclosed Ideographic Supplement |1F200..1F202, 1F210..1F23B, 1F240..1F248, 1F250..1F251, 1F260..1F265 |64 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F930 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |22ADC, 230F2, 25B27, 26F28 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !1472 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |1D49C FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |- |1D49C FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |} ===Named Sequences=== Here is a table with new named character sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Name |- |0915 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER QA |- |0916 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0917 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |091C 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0921 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER DDDHA |- |0922 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |092B 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |092F 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |09A1 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |09A2 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |09AF 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |0A32 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER LLA |- |0A38 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER SHA |- |0A16 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0A17 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |0A1C 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0A2B 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |0B21 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |0B22 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |} == Unicode 15.0 == Unicode 15.0 was released on September 13, 2022. It encoded 149,186 characters, adding 4,489 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-C''' (U+10EC0-U+10EFF), containing 3 characters, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended-A''' (U+11B00-U+11B5F), containing 10 characters, was added. * '''Kawi''' (U+11F00-U+11F5F), containing 86 characters, was added. * '''Kaktovik Numerals''' (U+1D2C0-U+1D2DF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-D''' (U+1E030-U+1E08F), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Nag Mundari''' (U+1E4D0-U+1E4FF), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H''' (U+31350-U+323AF), containing 4192 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Yamakkan (total 1 character) was added to '''Lao'''. (U+0ECE) * A combining Anusvara Above Right (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF3) * Letters Qa, Short I and Vocalic R (total 3 characters) were added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123F-U+11241) * An additional hieroglyph to Group V (total 1 character) was added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' * Extended format controls (total 29 characters) were added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls'''. (U+13439-U+13455). The block was expanded from (U+13430-U+1343F) to (U+13430-U+1345F) * Hiragana and Katakana Small Ko (total 2 characters) were added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B132 and U+1B155) * Letters for Malayalam transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF25-U+1DF2A) * A Wireless emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DC) * A Nine Pointed White Star (total 1 character) was be added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D9) * A Lot of Fortune, eclipse symbols and symbols for dwarf planets (total 6 characters) were added to '''Alchemical symbols'''. (U+1F774-U+1F776 and U+1F77B-U+1F77F) * (total 20 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA75-U+1FA77, U+1FA87-U+1FA88, U+1FAAD-U+1FAAF, U+1FABB-U+1FABF, U+1FACE-U+1FACF, U+1FADA-U+1FADB, U+1FAE8 and U+1FAF7-U+1FAF8) * A disunified ideograph for Macao (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B739) ===Glyph Changes=== Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |IPA Extensions |025E, 029A |2 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |144B, 14D1, 1506, 15C0..15C3, 15E8..15EE, 1601, 1604..1607, 160A..160D, 1614..162D, 1630..163F, 1646..1647, 165A |66 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended |18DB, 18EC, 18F1..18F2, 18F5 |5 |- |Sundanese |1BBF |1 |- |Optical Character Recognition |2447 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |34DC, 3BF6, 3C43, 48B4, 4DBE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |585F, 5F50, 6BC0, 7BC9, 833E |5 |- |Cyrillic Extended-B |A66E |1 |- |Old Turkic |10C47 |1 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |various (new standardized variation sequences) |94 |- |Khitan Small Script |18CCA |1 |- |Wancho (font update) |1E2C0..1E2F9, 1E2FF |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols (font update) |1F700..1F773 |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20048, 20A1C, 2143F, 21A5F, 21C08, 21FBA, 22ACF, 23392, 238A7, 23D8F, 23F4E, 25D20, 26E30, 27B48, 27C4F, 28633, 28B02, 28E9A, 29760, 2A60F |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2B249 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BB37, 2BD7D, 2C151, 2C1E0, 2C2D6, 2C5CA, 2C810, 2CD34 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2CF4E, 2D25D, 2D3EC, 2D6A7, 2D7BA, 2D979, 2DA74, 2DA97, 2DC13, 2DDC0, 2DF10, 2DF78, 2E05A, 2E0AE, 2E516, 2E640, 2E680, 2EA63 |18 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F804, 2F805, 2F833, 2F835, 2F84C, 2F84F, 2F852, 2F855, 2F887, 2F88B, 2F899, 2F8A0, 2F8A6, 2F8A7, 2F8AD, 2F8B1, 2F8B4, 2F8B7, 2F8BA, 2F8D0, 2F8E0..2F8E2, 2F8E5, 2F8E6, 2F8FE, 2F900, 2F901, 2F907, 2F912, 2F922, 2F926, 2F936, 2F938, 2F94E, 2F959, 2F95F, 2F96C, 2F99F, 2F9B8, 2F9BA, 2F9D3, 2F9DB, 2F9DC, 2F9E8, 2F9EA, 2F9EE, 2FA00, 2FA0D, 2FA1B |50 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |302FC, 30723, 30A6D, 30CF7, 30DBF, 31006, 3105D |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !461 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |13091 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027 |- |13092 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027A |- |13093 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D028 |- |130A9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D047 |- |1310F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F016 |- |13117 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F023 |- |1311C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F028 |- |13121 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F032 |- |13127 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F037A |- |13139 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13139 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13183 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H005 |- |13187 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H008 |- |131A0 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131A0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131B1 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B1 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B8 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M009 |- |131B9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010 |- |131BA FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010A |- |131CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M017 |- |131EE FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131EE FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131F8 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N010 |- |131F9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131F9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131FA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |131FA FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |13216 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N035 |- |13257 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O006 |- |1327B FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O029 |- |1327F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |1327F FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |13285 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O036 |- |1328C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O039 |- |132A4 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132A4 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132AA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Q003 |- |132CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH R024 |- |132DC FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S010 |- |132E7 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E7 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E9 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S020 |- |132F8 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S033 |- |132FD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S037 |- |13302 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S042 |- |13303 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S043 |- |13307 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T001 |- |13308 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T002 |- |13310 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008 |- |13311 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008A |- |13312 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13312 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13313 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13313 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13314 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |13314 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |1331B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331B FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016A |- |13321 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13321 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13322 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13322 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13331 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |13331 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |1333B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U007 |- |1333C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U008 |- |1334A FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U022 |- |13361 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U042 |- |13373 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V007A |- |13377 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V010 |- |13378 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V011 |- |1337D FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V012A |- |13385 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V019 |- |13399 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V026 |- |1339A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V027 |- |133AF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W001 |- |133B0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W002 |- |133BF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W014 |- |133D3 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH X004A |- |133DD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Y002 |- |133F2 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z007 |- |133F5 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z010 |- |133F6 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z011 |- |13403 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z015I |- |13416 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA008 |- |13419 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |1341A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA012 |- |13423 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA021 |- |1342C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA030 |- |1342E FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA032 |- |13443 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH LOST SIGN |- |13444 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH HALF LOST SIGN |- |13445 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH TALL LOST SIGN |- |13446 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH WIDE LOST SIGN |} == Unicode 15.1 == Unicode 15.1 was released on September 12th, 2023. It encoded 149,813 characters, adding 627 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I''' (U+2EBF0-U+2EE5F), containing 622 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * 4 Ideographic characters were added to '''Ideographic Description Characters'''. (U+2FFC-U+2FFF) * An Ideographic subtraction (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31EF) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |357E, 358B..358E, 3599..359D, 35AF..35B0, 35B2..35B3, 35DF..35E1, 35EF, 360F, 3612, 3F94, 44D5, 48EE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5098, 512D, 517A, 5391, 54DB, 551C, 551F, 55B8, 55ED, 56AB, 591E, 594A, 5B2E, 5DFC..5DFD, 5EE4, 609E, 65B0, 65B3, 65D5, 65F2, 67B2, 6AB6, 6AEC, 6C69, 6FC2, 6FD3, 7019, 7361, 74BD, 7934, 820B, 826E, 83BB, 8412, 8456, 848A, 896F, 8E34, 8FD7, 9166, 9855, 985E, 9C4D |5 |- |Latin Extended-D |A798 |1 |- |Latin Extended-E |AB5A |1 |- |Tangut |17105, 172A4, 17BD1..17BD3, 17EF9, 18136 |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols |1F741, 1F747, 1F74C, 1F74F, 1F756, 1F758, 1F763, 1F768, 1F76D, 1F76E |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20302, 2087A, 20C00, 230B7, 2339E, 236EF, 237C3, 23B87, 23CC0, 23CD9, 23E5E, 2486F, 249D6, 249E8, 24D6A, 2585E, 25D89, 26A5A..26A5B, 26A73, 26A82..26A83, 26A90, 26AA6, 26AA8, 26AD8, 27350, 279F8, 284A3, 28BBA, 29516, 29530 |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A741, 2AB63, 2ACD8, 2AF6F, 2B173, 2B490 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BC2E, 2BF45, 2C04C, 2C13A, 2C43C, 2C43E, 2C816 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D1CC..2D1CD, 2D1DD, 2D1E4, 2D1F7, 2D203, 2D256, 2D266, 2D2A2, 2D2AC, 2D2DA |18 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |301D4, 301D9, 301E4, 301E8, 301FF..30200, 30205, 3020C, 30211, 30215..30217, 30220, 30234..30235, 30237 |7 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H |314B7, 31542, 31569, 31C7F, 31D5A, 31F68 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !164 |} == Unicode 16.0 == Unicode 16.0 was released on September 10th, 2024. It encoded 154,998 characters, adding 5185 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Todhri''' (U+105C0-U+105FF), containing 52 characters, was added. * '''Garay''' (U+10D40-U+10D8F), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Tulu-Tigalari''' (U+11380-U+113FF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-C''' (U+116D0-U+116FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Sunuwar''' (U+11BC0-U+11BFF), containing 44 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A''' (U+13460-U+143FF), containing 3995 characters, was added. * '''Gurung Khema''' (U+16100-U+1613F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Kirat Rai''' (U+16D40-U+16D7F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement''' (U+1CC00-U+1CEBF), containing 686 characters, was added. * '''Ol Onal''' (U+1E5D0-U+1E5FF), containing 44 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A combining diacritical mark for Jawi (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+0897) * Inverted letters and a punctuation mark (total 3 characters) was added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4E-U+1B4F and U+1B7F) * A letter Tje (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C89-U+1C8A) * Legacy computing symbols for Delete (total 3 characters) was added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2427-U+2429) * CJK strokes HXG and SZP (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31E4-U+31E5) * A capital Rams Horn, an S with Diagonal Stroke, Lamda Letters, and letters for Wakashan and Salishan Languages (total 6 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CB-U+A7CD, U+A7DA-U+A7DC) * A combining Alef overlay and letters with two dots vertically below (total 4 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC2-U+10EC4 and U+10EFC) * A sign Nukta (total 1 character) was added to '''Kawi'''. (U+11F5A) * A blank character (total 1 character) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CFF) * A rightwards arrow with hook, and arrows for legacy computing and arrows for Egyptology (total 12 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B2-U+1F8BB, U+1F8C0-U+1F8C1) * A Harp, Shovel, Leafless Tree, Fingerprint, Root Vegetable, Splatter, and Face with Bags Under Eyes (total 7 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA89, U+1FA8F, U+1FABE, U+1FAC6, U+1FADC, U+1FADF, and U+1FAE9) * Graphic shapes for legacy computing (total 37 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBCB-U+1FBEF) == Unicode 17.0 == Unicode 17.0 was released on September 9th, 2025. It encoded 159,801 characters, adding 4,083 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Sidetic''' (U+10940-U+1095F), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sharada Supplement''' (U+11B60-U+11B7F), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Tolong Siki''' (U+11DB0-U+11DEF), containing 54 characters, was added. * '''Beria Erfe''' (U+16EA0-U+16EDF), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Components Supplement''' (U+18D80-U+18DFF), containing 115 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement''' (U+1CEC0-U+1CEFF), containing 34 characters, was added. * '''Tai Yo''' (U+1E6C0-U+1E6FF), containing 55 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J''' (U+323B0-U+3347F), containing 4298 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A Noon with Ring Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+088F) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5C) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDC) * Compound tone and harrington diacritics (total 26 characters) was to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ACF-U+1ADD, U+1AE0-U+1AEB) * Saudi Riyal Sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C1) * Equal Sign with Infinity Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B96) * 2 capital letters for Middle English, Latin pharyngeal voiced fricative, and Modifier Letter Capital S (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CE-U+A7CF, U+A7D2, U+A7D4, U+A7F1) * Arabic Ligature Rahmatu Allaahi Alayh and Arabic Honorifics (total 25 characters) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC3-U+FBD2, U+FD90, U+FD91, U+FDC8-U+FDCE) * A Small Yeh Barree with Two Dots Below, Thin Noon, Biblical End of Verse, Yeh with Four Dots Below, Honorifics, Double Vertical Bar Below, and Small Low Noon (total 14 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC5-U+10EC7, U+10ED0-U+10ED8, U+10EFA-U+10EFB) * Chinese Simplified and Traditional Er and Yangqin Slow Signs Two, Three, and Four (total 5 characters) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FF2-U+16FF6) * Some additional ideographs (total 8 characters) was added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F8-U+187FF) * Additional ideographs (total 22 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D09-U+18D1E) * Nine symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement'''. (U+1CCFA-U+1CCFC, U+1CEBA-1CEBF) * A Landslide (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D8) * Historical asteroid symbols (total 4 characters) was added to '''Alchemical Symbols'''. (U+1F777-U+1F77A) * Chemical symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8D0-U+1F8D8) * White and Black Chess Ferz and Alfil (total 4 characters) was added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA54-U+1FA57) * A trombone, treasure chest, hairy creature, orca, distorted face, and fight cloud (total 6 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8A, U+1FA8E, U+1FAC8, U+1FACD, U+1FAEA, and U+1FAEF) * An alarm bell symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBFA) * Additional ideographs (total 6 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B73A-U+2B73F) * Additional ideographs (total 12 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E'''. (U+2CEA2-U+2CEAD) == Unicode 18.0 == Unicode 18.0 was released on September 16, 2026. It encoded 172,808 characters, adding 13,007 new characters. === New Blocks === *'''Bengali Supplement''' (U+11DF0-U+11DFF), containing 2 characters, was added. * '''Archaic Cuneiform Numerals''' (U+12550-U+1268F), containing 311 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen''' (U+18E00-U+1919F), containing 914 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen Radicals''' (U+191A0-U+191DF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Musical Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D250-U+1D28F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended''' (U+1DB00-U+1DBFF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Seal Script''' (U+3D000-U+3FC3F), containing 11328 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * Modifier letters Eh, Ini, and Yi (total 3 characters) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0558, U+058B-U+058C) * Hebrew Point Sheva Na Mudgash and Hebrew Point Dagesh Hazaq Mudgash (total 2 characters) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05C8-U+05C9) * Signs for dot above and double dot above (total 2 characters) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B53-U+0B54) * Alternate positioned IPA diacritics and diacritics for Chao and Khoe (total 7 characters) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ADE-U+1ADF, U+1AEC-U+1AF0) * Latin subscript small letter w, y, and z and Modifier letter high and low vertical line (total 4 characters) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+208F, U+209D-U+209F) * Rufiyaa Sign, UAE Dirham Sign, and Omani Rial (total 3 characters) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C2-U+20C4) * Two Wiggly Exclamation Marks and Two Parenthesis with Middle Ring (total 4 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E60-U+2E63) * Latin capital letter closed omega and Latin capital letter r with long leg and (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DD and U+A7E2) * Latin capital letter script r and script r with ring (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6C-U+AB6D) * Latin modifier letters for clicks (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-F'''. (U+107BB-U+107BF) * Arabic Crown Letters, Quranic Characters, and Arabic Crown (total 39 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC9-U+10ECF, U+10ED9-U+10EEE, U+10EF0-U+10EF9) * Devanagari Letter Alternate Ddda (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0A) * Extended Cuneiform Numeric Signs (total 12 characters) was added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+1246F, U+12475-U+1247F) * Jurchen Small Script characters (total 5 characters) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CD6-U+18CDA) * Two additional ideographs (total 2 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D1F-U+18D20) * Hiragana Digraph Koto, Katakana Diagraphs Toki, Tote, and Yori, letters alternate Ne, and Wi (total 6 characters) was added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B123-U+1B128) * Katakana letter small archaic Ye (total 1 character) was added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B168) * Leibnizian alchemical symbols, Leibnizian cossic characters, and Leibnizian mathematical signs and symbols (total 19 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED2-U+1CED4, U+1CEDD-U+1CEDF, U+1CEF1-U+1CEFD) * Stein Zimmerman Symbols, Digit Slash Symbols, and other Symbols (total 23 characters) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D127-U+1D128, U+1D1EB-U+1D1FF) * Mathematical italic long s with descender s (U+1D6A6) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. * Affricate ligatures, letters with palatal hook, barred letters, RFE letters, Initial Teaching Alphabet, English Phonotypic Alphabet, Leibnizian cossic characters, and modifier letters (total 151 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF1F-U+1DF24, U+1DF2B-U+1DF81, U+1DF90-U+1DF96, U+1DFCD-U+1DFFF) * A Tomobiki symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F1AE) * A lighthouse (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D9) * A black circle with white vertical bar, and Extended Geometric Shapes (total 17 characters) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7DA-U+1F7DB, U+1F7F1-U+1F7FF) * A meteor, eraser, net with handle, monarch butterfly, pickle, cracking face, leftwards thumb sign, and rightwards thumb sign (total 8 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8B-1FA8D, U+1FACC, U+1FADD, U+1FAEB, U+1FAF9-1FAFA) * An additional ideograph (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D'''. (U+2B81E) == Unicode 19.0== Unicode 19.0 will be released in late 2027. There are more characters targeted for this version, but they have not been confirmed yet. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-A''' (U+2FA20-U+2FA9F), containing 119 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-B''' (U+2FAA0-U+2FC1F), containing 375 characters, will be added. == Code Points Provisionally Assigned== This is a section where you can add any upcoming Unicode characters that have been [https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html#codepoint_reservation provisionally assigned for mature proposals] (but not yet accepted) for a future update of The Unicode Standard. === New Blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-D''' (U+10D90-U+10E5F), containing 3 characters, will be added. * '''Sirmauri''' (U+11850-U+1188F), containing 55 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Leke''' (U+11B80-U+11BBF), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Proto-Cuneiform''' (U+12690-U+12ECF), containing 1392 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Chisoi''' (U+16D80-U+16DAF), containing 40 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Mwangwego''' (U+16E00-U+16E3F), containing 64 characters, will be added. * '''Shaaldaa''' (U+1C800-U+1CB2F), containing 804 characters, will be added. * '''Leibnizian Ambiguous Signs''' (U+1DC00-U+1DC3F), containing 54 characters, will be added.)<!--target: 19.0--> === Extended Blocks === * Telugu Sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) will be added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C70)<!--target: 19.0--> * Kannada Signs Ardhanusvara and Combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) will be added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF0 and U+0CF4)<!--target: 19.0--> * Mongolian Letter Manchu Alternative Ue (total 1 character) will be added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1879) * Combining Grave-Acute-Macron, Combining inverted lazy s Above, and Combining comma Above and acute (total 3 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AF1-U+1AF3) * Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting bar (total 1 character) will be added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C8B)<!--target: 19.0--> * Belarusian Ruble sign and Ruble sign with double vertical stem (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C5, U+20CF)<!--20C5 target: 19.0--> * Combining Long Triple Solidus Overlay and Combining Saltire Overlay (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F1-U+20F2)<!--target: 19.0--> * Latin capital and small letter i with oblique stroke (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DE-U+A7DF) * Latin capital letter u with left hook (total 1 character) will be added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6E)<!--target: 19.0--> * Arabic Dotless Half-Yeh, Half-Yeh, Dotless Half-Jeem and Astronomical Kaf (total 4 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC0-U+10EC1, U+10EC8, U+10EEF)<!--10EC0-10EC1 target: 19.0--> * Brahmi minimizing virama (total 1 character) will be added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107E)<!--target: 19.0--> * Tulu-Tigalari letter combining anusvara above, signs om pushpika with tail and shrii pushpika, and letter archaic II (total 5 characters) will be added to '''Tulu-Tigalari'''. (U+113CB, U+113D9-U+113DB)<!--target: 19.0--> * Newa Letter Heavy Ya (total 1 character) will be added to '''Newa'''. (U+11462) * Dogra Signs Candrabindu and Avaragha (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Dogra'''. (U+1183C-U+1183D)<!--target: 19.0--> * Devanagari Jivamuliya and Upadhmaniya (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0B-U+11B0C)<!--target: 19.0--> * White Ideographic Comma and Double Ideographic Full Stop (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE5-U+16FE6)<!--target: 19.0--> * Alchemical Symbol for Calx-2 and Alchemical Symbol for Retort-2 (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED1, U+1CED5)<!--target: 19.0--> * Musical Symbol down arrowhead breath mark (total 1 character) will be added to '''Musical Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1D282) * Small w with palatal hook, small n and r with double middle tilde, small capital i with retroflex hook, small open q, x with stroke, small wavy y, schwa with right hook, Romance dialectology symbols, zh ligature, Albanian letter edhe, Albanian Frashëri letters, Modifier letter capital y, and modifier letter accents (total 26 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF82-U+1DF8F, U+1DF97-U+1DFA3, U+1DFC4-U+1DFCC)<!--1DF82-1DF8A, 1DFC5-1DFCC target: 19.0--> *Arabic Astronomical zero and five astronomical symbols (total 6 characters) will be added to Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols (U+1EEE0-U+1EEE5) ==Roadmap Blocks== This is a section where proportional maps of proposed allocations to Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 are presented. Italic indicates scripts for which detailed proposals have not yet been written.<ref>[https://unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/]</ref> * '''Northern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10200-U+1023F) * '''Southern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10240-U+1027F) * '''''Shavian Quikscript''' (U+103E0-U+103FF)'' * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended-A''' (U+107C0-U+107FF) * '''Proto-Sinaitic''' (U+108B0-U+108DF) * '''''Numidian''' (U+10960-U+1097F)'' * '''Balti''' (U+10AA0-U+10ABF) * '''Book Pahlavi''' (U+10BB0-U+10BDF) * '''Baburi''' (U+10BE0-U+10BFF) * '''Arabic Extended-D''' (U+10D90-U+10E5F) * '''Landa''' (U+11250-U+1127F) * '''Tani Lipi''' (U+114E0-U+114FF) * '''Ranjana''' (U+11500-U+1157F) * '''Zou''' (U+11750-U+117AF) * '''Pyu''' (U+117B0-U+117FF) * '''Vateluttu''' (U+11960-U+1199F) * '''Balti-B''' (U+11CC0-U+11CFF) * '''Tocharian''' (U+11E00-U+11E6F) * '''Khotanese''' (U+11E70-U+11ECF) * '''Pallava''' (U+11F60-U+11FAF) * '''''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-B''' (U+14680-U+151FF)'' * '''Mayan Hieroglyphs''' (U+15500-U+15AFF) * '''Kore Sebeli''' (U+15B00-U+15B6F) * '''Mandombe''' (U+15B80-U+15FFF) * '''Wei Rma''' (U+16000-U+1604F) * '''Wagindara''' (U+16050-U+1607F) * '''Kurukh Banna''' (U+16140-U+1618F) * '''Moon''' (U+161A0-U+161FF) * '''Blissymbols''' (U+16200-U+167FF) * '''Woleai''' (U+16B90-U+16BFF) * '''Kpelle''' (U+16C00-U+16C7F) * '''Tikamuli''' (U+16C80-U+16CBF) * '''Tangsa (Khimhun)''' (U+16CD0-U+16CFF) * '''Afaka''' (U+16D00-U+16D3F) * '''Kulitan''' (U+16DD0-U+16DFF) * '''''Bopomofo Extended-A''' (U+16FA0-U+16FAF)'' * '''Kanbun Extended-A''' (U+16FB0-U+16FDF) * '''Khitan Large Script''' (U+19200-U+199FF) * '''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''' (U+19E00-U+1A2FF) * '''Eskaya''' (U+1A300-U+1A75F) * '''Rejang Extended''' (U+1A760-U+1A77F) * '''''Kaida''''' (U+1A780-U+1A7FF) * '''Naxi Dongba''' (U+1A800-U+1ACFF) * '''''Naxi Geba''' (U+1AD00-U+1AFCF)'' * '''''Kana Extended-C''' (U+1AFD0-U+1AFEF)'' * '''Shuishu Logograms''' (U+1B300-U+1B5FF) * '''Lisu Syllabic Script''' (U+1B600-U+1B9FF) * '''Indus''' (U+1BA00-U+1BB8F) * '''Pitman Shorthand''' (U+1BCB0-U+1BCFF) * '''Proto-Elamite''' (U+1BE00-U+1C37F) * '''Linear Elamite''' (U+1C380-U+1C4FF) * '''Ndiko Jonam''' (U+1CB30-U+1CB7F) * '''N<nowiki>'</nowiki>ti''' (U+1CB80-U+1CBAF) * '''Old Chinese Musical Symbols (Flute and Pipa)''' (U+1D290-U+1D2BF) * '''''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D380-U+1D3FF)'' * '''Jianzi Format Controls''' (U+1DAE0-U+1DAFF) * '''Eebee Hmong''' (U+1E150-U+1E1FF) * '''Western Cham''' (U+1E200-U+1E26F) * '''Loma''' (U+1E300-U+1E41F) * '''Bagam''' (U+1E420-U+1E4CF) * '''Pungchen''' (U+1E500-U+1E52F) * '''''Pungchung''' (U+1E530-U+1E55F)'' * '''''Marchung''' (U+1E560-U+1E59F)'' * '''Brusha''' (U+1E5A0-U+1E5CF) * '''''Chola''' (U+1E600-U+1E65F)'' * '''Box-Headed''' (U+1E660-U+1E6BF) * '''Lampung''' (U+1E700-U+1E73F) * '''Kerinci''' (U+1E740-U+1E76F) * '''Buginese Supplement''' (U+1E770-U+1E7BF) * '''''Lontara Bilang-Bilang''' (U+1E7C0-U+1E7DF)'' * '''N'Ko Supplement''' (U+1E960-1E97F) * '''''Byblos''''' (U+1EB90-U+1EBFF) * '''Persian Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC00-U+1EC7F) * '''Diwani Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ECC0-U+1ECFF) * '''''Extended Pictographic Characters''' (U+1FC00-U+1FFFF)'' == References == {{reflist}} li9hweo4psx98hbme2t5jw3udtm6aq7 4673598 4673499 2026-10-02T10:49:41Z ILYA125467 3627024 More consistent 4673598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Unicode page}} {{TOC right}} {{refimprove|date=June 2017}} This page is about each version specification, and the differences between the versions. == Unicode 1.0 == Unicode 1.0 was the first version of Unicode, released October 1991. It encoded 7,094 new characters. === “Blocks” === This version of Unicode did not formally group characters in blocks. But in comparison with version 2.0, the following “blocks” were available: U+0000-U+FFFD 51 Blocks * '''Basic Latin (formerly called ASCII)''' (U+0000-U+007F), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin-1 Supplement (formerly called Latin1)''' (U+0080-U+00FF), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin Extended-A''' '''(formerly called European Latin)''' (U+0100-U+017F), containing 127 characters. * '''Latin Extended-B''' '''(formerly called Extended Latin)''' (U+0180-U+01FF), containing 113 characters. * '''IPA Extensions''' '''(formerly called Standard Phonetic)''' (U+0250-U+02AF), containing 89 characters. * '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' '''(formerly called Modifier Letters)''' (U+02B0-U+02FF), containing 57 characters. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' '''(formerly called Generic Diacritical Marks)''' (U+0300-U+036F), containing 66 characters. * '''Greek and Coptic''' '''(formerly called Greek)''' (U+0370-U+03FF), containing 112 characters. * '''Cyrillic''' (U+0400-U+04FF), containing 192 characters. * '''Armenian''' (U+0530-U+058F), containing 84 characters. * '''Hebrew''' (U+0590-U+05FF), containing 52 characters. * '''Arabic''' (U+0600-U+06FF), containing 169 characters. * '''Devanagari''' (U+0900-U+097F), containing 104 characters. * '''Bengali''' (U+0980-U+09FF), containing 89 characters. * '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A00-U+0A7F), containing 74 characters. * '''Gujarati''' (U+0A80-U+0AFF), containing 75 characters. * '''Oriya''' (U+0B00-U+0B7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Tamil''' (U+0B80-U+0BFF), containing 61 characters. * '''Telugu''' (U+0C00-U+0C7F), containing 80 characters. * '''Kannada''' (U+0C80-U+0CFF), containing 80 characters. * '''Malayalam''' (U+0D00-U+0D7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Thai''' (U+0E00-U+0E7F), containing 92 characters. * '''Lao''' (U+0E80-U+0EFF), containing 70 characters. * '''Tibetan''' (U+1000-U+105F), containing 71 characters. * '''Georgian''' (U+10A0-U+10FF), containing 78 characters. * '''General Punctuation''' (U+2000-U+206F), containing 67 characters. * '''Superscripts and Subscripts''' (U+2070-U+209F), containing 28 characters. * '''Currency Symbols''' (U+20A0-U+20CF), containing 11 characters. * '''Combining Marks for Symbols''' '''(formerly called Diacritical Marks for Symbols)''' (U+20D0-U+20FF), containing 18 characters. * '''Letterlike Symbols''' (U+2100-U+214F), containing 57 characters. * '''Number Forms''' (U+2150-U+218F), containing 48 characters. * '''Arrows''' (U+2190-U+21FF), containing 91 characters. * '''Mathematical Operators''' (U+2200-U+22FF), containing 242 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Technical''' (U+2300-U+23FF), containing 43 characters. * '''Control Pictures''' '''(formerly called Pictures for Control Codes)''' (U+2400-U+243F), containing 37 characters. * '''Optical Character Recognition''' (U+2440-U+245F), containing 11 characters. * '''Enclosed Alphanumerics''' (U+2460-U+24FF), containing 139 characters. * '''Box Drawing''' '''(formerly called Form and Chart Components)''' (U+2500-U+257F), containing 128 characters. * '''Block Elements''' '''(formerly called Blocks)''' (U+2580-U+259F), containing 22 characters. * '''Geometric Shapes''' (U+25A0-U+25FF), containing 79 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols''' '''(formerly called Miscellaneous Dingbats)''' (U+2600-U+26FF), containing 106 characters. * '''Dingbats''' '''(formerly called Zapf Dingbats)''' (U+2700-U+27BF), containing 160 characters. * '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3000-U+303F), containing 56 characters. * '''Hiragana''' (U+3040-U+309F), containing 90 characters. * '''Katakana''' (U+30A0-U+30FF), containing 90 characters. * '''Bopomofo''' (U+3100-U+312F), containing 40 characters. * '''Hangul Compatibility Jamo (formerly called Hangul Elements)''' (U+3130-U+318F), containing 94 characters. * '''Kanbun (formerly called CJK Miscellaneous)''' (U+3190-U+31FF), containing 16 characters. * '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' '''(formerly called''' '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Ideographs)''' (U+3200-U+32FF), containing 191 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility''' '''(formerly called CJK Squared Words for U+3300-U+337F and CJK Squared Abbreviations for U+3380-33FF)''' (U+3300-U+33FF), containing 187 characters. * '''Hangul''' (U+3400-U+3D2D), containing 2,350 characters. * '''Private Use Area''' (U+E800-U+FDFF), reserved for 5,632 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility Forms''' '''(formerly called CNS 11643 Compatibility)''' (U+FE30-U+FE4F), containing 28 characters. * '''Small Form Variants''' '''(formerly called Small Variants)''' (U+FE50-U+FE6F), containing 26 characters. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B''' '''(formerly called Basic Glyphs for Arabic Language)''' (U+FE70-U+FEFF), containing 140 characters. * '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms''' '''(formerly called Halfwidth and Fullwidth Variants)''' (U+FF00-U+FFEF), containing 216 characters. * '''Specials''' '''(formerly called Special)''' (U+FFF0-U+FFFF), containing 1 character. == Unicode 1.0.1 == Unicode 1.0.1 was released June 1992. It encoded 28,292 characters, adding 21,204 new characters and removing 6 characters, for a net increase of 21,198 characters. === New blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs''' (U+4E00-U+9FFF), containing 20,902 Han Ideographs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs''' (U+F900-U+FAFF), containing 302 Han Ideographs for compatibility with existing character sets, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. === Extended blocks === * Some more space (total 2048 characters) was added to the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+E000-U+E7FF) === Removed blocks === * '''Tibetan''', containing 71 letters for the Tibetan script, was removed from the Unicode standard as the US, UK, and China couldn't agree on an encoding method. === Removed characters === * Lowercase historic letters and unified diacritical marks (total 7 characters) were removed from '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0371-U+0372, U+0384, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF, and U+03E1). U+0371 was unified with U+0314, U+0372 with U+0313, and U+0384 with U+030D. * Letters Ka and Kha with Ogonek (total 4 characters) were removed from '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04C5-U+04C6 and U+04C9-U+04CA) * APL Compose Operator and APL Out (total 2 characters) were removed from '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300-U+2301) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Thai'''. (U+0E70-U+0E74) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Lao'''. (U+0EF0-U+0EF4) * An Ideographic Ditto Mark (total 1 character) was removed from '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3004) and merged with U+4EDD. * Some space (total 1536 characters) was removed from the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+F900-U+FDFF) === Rearranged blocks=== *'''Circled Katakana:''' ''The characters will be arranged in modern order: e.g., A, I, U, E, O, KA, KI'' (U+32D0-U+32FE) *'''Basic Glyphs For Arabic Language:''' ''The character shapes will be arranged in different order: Isolate, Final, Initial and Medial'' (U+FE80-FEFC) === Rearranged characters === * Non-spacing diaeresis tonos was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0385) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0344) * Non-spacing iota below was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0370) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0345). * Greek question mark was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D7 to U+037E. * Numeral signs were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D8-U+03D9 to U+0374-U+0375. * Spacing tonos and diaeresis tonos were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F3-U+03F4 to U+0384-U+0385. * Spacing iota below was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F5 to U+037A. * Point Varika was moved from '''Hebrew''' (U+05F5) to the new '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' block. (U+FB1E) * Japanese Industrial Standard symbol (〄) was moved from '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' (U+32FF) to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3004) === Characters with semantics changed === *'''Zero Width Non-Joiner''' [ZWNJ] (U+20DC) *'''Zero Width Joiner''' [ZWJ] (U+20DD) == Unicode 1.1 == Unicode 1.1 was released June 1993. It encoded 34,168 characters, adding 5,969 new characters and removing 93 characters, for a net increase of 5,876 characters. It finalized the long anticipated Han Unification. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Jamo''' (U+1100-U+11FF), containing 240 ''jamo'' for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Latin Extended Additional''' (U+1E00-U+1EFF), containing 245 precomposed characters for transliteration and Vietnamese, was added. * '''Greek Extended''' (U+1F00-U+1FFF), containing 233 precomposed characters for polytonic Greek, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''' (U+3D2E-U+44B7), containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''' (U+44B8-U+4DFF), containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A''' (U+FB50-U+FDFF), containing 593 combinations of Arabic letters, was added. * '''Combining Half Marks''' (U+FE20-U+FE2F), containing 4 halves of diacritical marks, was added. === Extended blocks === * The long S (ſ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-A'''. (U+017F) * The Hungarian Dz, characters for transliteration purposes and precomposed characters with double grave and inverted breve (total 35 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B''' (U+01F1-U+01F5 and U+01FA-U+0217). The block was expanded from (U+0180-U+01FF) to (U+0180-U+024F) * Diacritics for polytonic Greek and double width diacritics (total 6 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0342-U+0345 and U+0360-U+0361) * Compatibility character now deprecated, Ano Teleia, and letter jot (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0387 and U+03F3). * Additional characters for non-Slavic languages (total 38 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04D0-U+04EB, U+04EE-U+04F5 and U+04F8-U+04F9) * A ligature of Ech and Yiwn (և) (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0587) * One deprecated compatibility character and several characters for biblical texts (total 25 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066D and U+06D6-U+06ED) * A sign Virama (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A4D). * Letters Candra O and E (total 3 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8D, U+0A91 and U+0AC9) * An Ai Length mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B56) * An undertie, a pair of brackets and six formatting characters now deprecated (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+203F, U+2045-U+2046 and U+206A-U+206F) * Some additional symbols and the complete set of APL functional symbols (total 79 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300 and U+232D-U+237A) * A large circle (◯) (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25EF) * The ideographic telegraph line feed separator symbol (〷) (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3037) * Four Katakana letters not in use since 1945 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30F7-U+30FA) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for the twelve months (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32C0-U+32CB) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for hours and days and six additional measure units (total 62 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3358-U+3376 and U+33E0-U+33FE) * Precomposed characters and ligatures (total 56 characters) were added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB06, U+FB13-U+FB17, U+FB1F-U+FB36, U+FB38-U+FB3C, U+FB3E, U+FB40-U+FB41, U+FB43-U+FB44 and U+FB46-U+FB4F). * Seven halfwidth geometric shapes (total 7 characters) were added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FFE8-U+FFEE) == Unicode 2.0 == Unicode 2.0 was released July 1996. It encoded 38,885 characters, adding 11,373 new characters and removing 6,656 characters, for a net increase of 4,717 characters. This was the first Unicode version to reserve blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Syllables''' (U+AC00-U+D7AF), containing 11,172 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''High Surrogates''' (U+D800-U+DB7F), setting aside 896 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''High Private Use Surrogates''' (U+DB80-U+DBFF), setting aside 128 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Low Surrogates''' (U+DC00-U+DFFF), setting aside 1,024 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-A''' (U+F0000-U+FFFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-B''' (U+100000-U+10FFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. === Reinstated blocks === * '''Tibetan''' (U+0F00-U+0FFF), now containing 168 characters for the Tibetan script including religious signs, was readded. === Removed blocks === * '''Hangul''', containing 2,350 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''', containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''', containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. === Extended blocks === * Cantillation marks for use in religious texts (total 31 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+0591-U+05A1, U+05A3-U+05AF and U+05C4) * A long S with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9B) * A Vietnamese Dong sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AB) == Unicode 2.1 == Unicode 2.1 was released May 1998. It encoded 38,887 characters, adding only 2 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Euro sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AC) * An Object Replacement Character (total 1 character) was added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFFC) == Unicode 3.0 == Unicode 3.0 was released September 1999. It was a big update and encoded 49,194 characters, adding 10,307 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac''' (U+0700-U+074F), containing 71 characters used for writing in Syriac script, was added. * '''Thaana''' (U+0780-U+07BF), containing 49 characters used for writing in Thaana script, was added. * '''Sinhala''' (U+0D80-U+0DFF), containing 80 characters for the Sinhala script, was added. * '''Myanmar''' (U+1000-U+109F), containing 78 characters for the Burmese script, was added. * '''Ethiopic''' (U+1200-U+137F), containing 345 syllables and punctuation marks for the Ethiopic script, was added. * '''Cherokee''' (U+13A0-U+13FF), containing 85 syllables for the Cherokee script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics''' (U+1400-U+167F), containing 630 syllables and punctuation marks for writing in indigenous languages of Canada, was added. * '''Ogham''' (U+1680-U+169F), containing 29 characters for the ancient Ogham script, was added. * '''Runic''' (U+16A0-U+16FF), containing 81 characters for the Germanic runes, was added. * '''Khmer''' (U+1780-U+17FF), containing 103 characters for the Khmer script, was added. * '''Mongolian''' (U+1800-U+18AF), containing 155 characters for the classical Mongolian script, was added. * '''Braille Patterns''' (U+2800-U+28FF), containing 256 Braille letters, was added. * '''CJK Radicals Supplement''' (U+2E80-U+2EFF), containing 115 non-Kangxi radicals, was added. * '''Kangxi Radicals''' (U+2F00-U+2FDF), containing 214 radicals from the Kangxi dictionary, was added. * '''Ideographic Description Characters''' (U+2FF0-U+2FFF), containing 12 characters used to describe a Han ideograph not available in the font, was added. * '''Bopomofo Extended''' (U+31A0-U+31BF), containing 24 characters used for phonetic transcription of minority languages of Taiwan, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A''' (U+3400-U+4DBF), containing 6,582 additional Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Yi Syllables''' (U+A000-U+A48F), containing 1,165 syllables of the modern Yi script, was added. * '''Yi Radicals''' (U+A490-U+A4CF), containing 50 radicals of Yi Syllables, was added. === Extended blocks === * Additional precomposed characters, letters and capital letters of lowercase-only letters (total 30 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+01F6-U+01F9, U+0218-U+021F and U+0222-U+0233) * Extensions for disordered speech (total 5 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02A9-U+02AD) * Some additional modifier letters (total 6 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02DF and U+02EA-U+02EE) * Additional combining diacritics for IPA (total 10 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0346-U+034E and U+0362) * Lowercase versions of archaic letters and the Kai symbol (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D7, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF and U+03E1) * Nonstandard letters for Macedonian, combining numeral signs and three letters for Kildin Sami (total 12 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0400, U+040D, U+0450, U+045D, U+0488-U+0489, U+048C-U+048F and U+04EC-U+04ED) * A Hyphen (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058A) * Combining hamza and maddah and nine additional Arabic characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0653-U+0655, U+06B8-U+06B9, U+06BF, U+06CF and U+06FA-U+06FE) * Additional letters and religious symbols (total 25 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6A, U+0F96, U+0FAE-U+0FB0, U+0FB8, U+0FBA-U+0FBC, U+0FBE-U+0FCC and U+0FCF) * A narrow no-break space and 6 additional punctuation marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+202F and U+2048-U+204D) * The Kip, Tugrik and Drachma sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AD-U+20AF) * An enclosing screen and an enclosing key (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E2-U+20E3) * The information symbol and a rotated Q (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+2139-U+213A) * A mirrored Roman capital numeral hundred (Ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2183) * Some additional arrows (total 9 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21EB-U+21F3) * Some additional technical symbols, including common keys on a 101 keyboard (total 33 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2301, U+237B and U+237D-U+239A) * Two additional control pictures (total 2 characters) were added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2425-U+2426) * Squares and circles with quadrants (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F0-U+25F7) * Two Syriac crosses and a signature mark (total 3 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2619 and U+2670-U+2671) * Three Hangzhou numerals and a variation indicator (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3038-U+303A and U+303E) * A ligature Yod with Hiriq (יִ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms'''. (U+FB1D) * Three additional control characters for ruby markup (total 3 characters) were added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFF9-U+FFFB) == Unicode 3.1 == Unicode 3.1 was released March 2001. It encoded 94,140 characters, adding 44,946 new characters, and mainly focused on blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Old Italic''' (U+10300-U+1032F), containing 35 letters for the Etruscan script, was added. * '''Gothic''' (U+10330-U+1034F), containing 27 letters for the Gothic script, was added. * '''Deseret''' (U+10400-U+1044F), containing 76 letters for the constructed Deseret script, was added. * '''Byzantine Musical Symbols''' (U+1D000-U+1D0FF), containing 246 symbols for musical notation in Byzantine, was added. * '''Musical Symbols''' (U+1D100-U+1D1FF), containing 219 characters for current musical notation, was added. * '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols''' (U+1D400-U+1D7FF), containing 991 Latin and Greek letters in serif, sans-serif, bold, italic, double-struck, script and Fraktur/Blackletter, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B''' (U+20000-U+2A6DF), containing 42,711 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement''' (U+2F800-U+2FA1F), containing 542 additional Chinese Ideographs for compatibility purposes, was added. * '''Tags''', containing 97 language tags, was added. (U+E0000-U+E007F) === Extended noncharacters === * The Noncharacters range: U+FDD0..U+FDEF were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. === Extended blocks === * The capital Theta symbol and the Lunate Epsilon symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F4-U+03F5) === Characters and Scripts Under Investigation or Rejected === * Khmer Sign Laak Was Rejected. (U+17DD) From '''Khmer.''' * Georgian Letter U-Brjuu Was Rejected. From '''Georgian.''' == Unicode 3.2 == Unicode 3.2 was released March 2002. It encoded 95,156 characters, adding 1,016 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Supplementary (now Cyrillic Supplement)''' (U+0500-U+052F), containing 16 characters used for the Komi language, was added. * '''Tagalog''' (U+1700-U+171F), containing 20 characters for the Baybayin script, was added. * '''Hanunoo''' (U+1720-U+173F), containing 23 characters and punctuation for the Hanunó'o script, was added. * '''Buhid''' (U+1740-U+175F), containing 20 characters for the Buhid script, was added. * '''Tagbanwa''' (U+1760-U+177F), containing 18 characters for the Tagbanwa script, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A''' (U+27C0-U+27EF), containing 28 symbols used in math notation, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-A''' (U+27F0-U+27FF), containing 16 additional arrows, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-B''' (U+2900-U+297F), containing 128 special arrows, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B''' (U+2980-U+29FF), containing 128 additional mathematical symbols, was added. * '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators''' (U+2A00-U+2AFF), containing 256 additional mathematical operators, was added. * '''Katakana Phonetic Extensions''' (U+31F0-U+31FF), containing 16 Katakana letters used for Ainu, was added. * '''Variation Selectors''' (U+FE00-U+FE0F), containing 16 symbols used for indicating variations, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter N with Long Right Leg (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0220) * The combining grapheme joiner and combining Latin letters used in medieval texts (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+034F and U+0363-U+036F) * The Qoppa and a reversed lunate epsilon symbol (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D8-U+03D9 and U+03F6) * Four additional letters used for the Kildin Sami language (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+048A-U+048B, U+04C5-U+04C6, U+04C9-U+04CA and U+04CD-U+04CE) * A dotless Beh and a dotless Qaf (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066E-U+066F) * A Letter for Addu dialect (total 1 character) was added to '''Thaana'''. (U+07B1) * The letters Yn and Elifi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F7-U+10F8) * Some additional punctuation marks and control characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2047, U+204E-U+2052, U+2057 and U+205F-U+2063) * A superscript letter I (total 1 character) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2071) * German Penny and Peso sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B0-U+20B1) * Some additional combining characters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E4-U+20EA) * Some double-struck and reversed/turned letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213D-U+214B) * Some additional arrows (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21F4-U+21FF) * Some additional mathematical operators (total 14 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Operators'''. (U+22F2-U+22FF) * Variable-width and additional symbols (total 53 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+237C and U+239B-U+23CE) * Black and double circled numerals (total 20 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. U+24EB-U+24FE) * Quadrant elements (total 10 characters) were added to '''Block Elements'''. (U+2596-U+259F) * Some additional triangles and squares (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F8-U+25FF) * Shogi pieces ,recycling symbols, dices and dotted circles (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2616-U+2617, U+2672-U+267D and U+2680-U+2689) * Additional parenthesis (total 14 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2768-U+2775) * Three additional marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+303B-U+303D) * A digraph and two additional characters (total 3 characters) were added to '''Hiragana'''. (U+3095-U+3096 and U+309F) * A digraph and a double hyphen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30A0 and U+30FF) * Additional circled numerals (total 30 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3251-U+325F and U+32B1-U+32BF * Five missing radicals (total 5 characters) were added to '''Yi Radicals'''. (U+A4A2-U+A4A3, U+A4B4, U+A4C1, U+A4C5) * Additional compatibility characters (total 59 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA30-U+FA6A) * A Rial sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFC) * Two sesame dots (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE45-U+FE46) * A tail fragment (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B'''. (U+FE73) * A pair of double parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FF5F-U+FF60) == Unicode 4.0 == Unicode 4.0 was released April 2003. It encoded 96,382 characters, adding 1,226 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Limbu''' (U+1900-U+194F), containing 66 characters for the Limbu abugida, was added. * '''Tai Le''' (U+1950-U+197F), containing 35 letters for the Tai Le script, was added. * '''Khmer Symbols''' (U+19E0-U+19FF), containing 32 symbols for the lunar calendar, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions''' (U+1D00-U+1D7F), containing 108 letters used in phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows''' (U+2B00-U+2BFF), containing 14 additional arrows, was added. * '''Yijing Hexagram Symbols''' (U+4DC0-U+4DFF), containing 64 hexagrams, was added. * '''Linear B Syllabary''' (U+10000-U+1007F), containing 88 syllables of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Linear B Ideograms''' (U+10080-U+100FF), containing 123 ideograms of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Aegean Numbers''' (U+10100-U+1013F), containing 57 numerals used in the Aegean area, was added. * '''Ugaritic''' (U+10380-U+1039F), containing 31 characters used in Ugaritic cuneiform, was added. * '''Shavian''' (U+10450-U+1047F), containing 48 letters used for the artificial Shavian script, was added. * '''Osmanya''' (U+10480-U+104AF), containing 40 characters used in the artificial Osmanya script, was added. * '''Cypriot Syllabary''' (U+10800-U+1083F), containing 55 characters formerly used on Cyprus, was added. * '''Tai Xuan Jing Symbols''' (U+1D300-U+1D35F), containing 87 symbols of Tai Xuan Jing, was added. * '''Variation Selectors Supplement''' (U+E0100-U+E01EF), containing 240 additional variation selectors, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters with curl used in Sinology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0221 and U+0234-U+0236) * Former IPA letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02AE-U+02AF) * Some additional characters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02EF-U+02FF) * Additional combining double-width diacritics and diacritics corresponding to their spacing equivalent (total 11 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0350-U+0357 and U+035D-U+035F) * The archaic letters Sho and San and the capital Lunate Sigma (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F7-U+03FB) * Some additional markers, biblical signs, and letters with inverted V (total 19 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0600-U+0603, U+060D-U+0615, U+0656-U+0658, U+06EE-U+06EF and U+06FF) * Letters used for foreign words from Persian and Sogdian (total 6 characters) were added to '''Syriac'''. (U+072D-U+072F and U+074D-U+074F) * The short A (ऄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0904) * The Avagraha sign (ঽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09BD) * The Adak Bindi and Visarga signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A01 and U+0A03) * The vocalic l and ll and the Rupee sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8C and U+0AF1-U+0AF3) * The letters Va and Wa (total 2 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B35 and U+0B71) * Additional signs for date and finance environments (total 8 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BF3-U+0BFA) * The Nukta and Avagraha signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CBC-U+0CBD) * Some symbols and signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Khmer'''. (U+17DD and U+17F0-U+17F9) * An inverted undertie and a swung dash (total 2 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2053-U+2054) * The facsimile sign (℻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213B) * The eject symbol and a vertical line (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23CF-U+23D0) * A black circled digit zero (⓿) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. (U+24FF) * Monograms and diagrams, flags, warning and weather symbols and a cup of tea (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2614-U+2615, U+268A-U+2691 and U+26A0-U+26A1) * Additional parenthesized and circled Korean characters and supplemental signs (total 9 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+321D-U+321E, U+3250, U+327C-U+327D and U+32CC-U+32CF) * Additional measure units (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3377-U+337A, U+33DE-U+33DF and U+33FF) * An additional Arabic sign (﷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFD) * A pair of vertical parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE47-U+FE48) * The letters Oi and Ew (total 4 characters) were added to '''Deseret'''. (U+10426-U+10427 and U+1044E-U+1044F) * A small script l (ℓ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D4C1) == Unicode 4.1 == Unicode 4.1 was released on March 31st, 2005. It encoded 97,655 characters, adding 1,273 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Supplement''' (U+0750-U+077F), containing 30 characters for various languages written with the Arabic script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Supplement''' (U+1380-U+139F), containing 26 characters and signs for Sebatbeit, was added. * '''New Tai Lue''' (U+1980-U+19DF), containing 80 characters for the New Tai Lue script, was added. * '''Buginese''' (U+1A00-U+1A1F), containing 30 characters for the Lontara script, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions Supplement''' (U+1D80-U+1DBF), containing 64 additional letters for phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement''' (U+1DC0-U+1DFF), containing 4 additional diacritics, was added. * '''Glagolitic''' (U+2C00-U+2C5F), containing 94 characters for the Glagolitic script, was added. * '''Coptic''' (U+2C80-U+2CFF), containing 114 characters for the Coptic script, was added. * '''Georgian Supplement''' (U+2D00-U+2D2F), containing 38 Nuskhuri letters, was added. * '''Tifinagh''' (U+2D30-U+2D7F), containing 55 characters for the Tifinagh script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended''' (U+2D80-U+2DDF), containing 79 additional Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Supplemental Punctuation''' (U+2E00-U+2E7F), containing 26 additional punctuation marks, was added. * '''CJK Strokes''' (U+31C0-U+31CF), containing 16 strokes for Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Modifier Tone Letters''' (U+A700-U+A71F), containing 23 letters for Chinese tones, was added. * '''Syloti Nagri''' (U+A800-U+A82F), containing 44 characters for the Syloti Nagri abugida, was added. * '''Vertical Forms''' (U+FE10-U+FE1F), containing 10 punctuation marks suited for vertical text, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Numbers''' (U+10140-U+1018F), containing 75 numerals and signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. * '''Old Persian''' (U+103A0-U+103DF), containing 50 characters for Old Persian cuneiform, was added. * '''Kharoshthi''' (U+10A00-U+10A5F), containing 65 characters for the Kharoshthi abugida, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Musical Notation''' (U+1D200-U+1D24F), containing 70 musical signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Sencoten, digraphs, letters with swash tail and other additions (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0237-U+0241) * Additional diacritics for transliteration (total 5 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0358-U+035C) * Rho with stroke, reversed and dotted Lunate Sigma (total 4 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03FC-U+03FF) * Ghe with descender (Ӷ) (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04F6-U+04F7) * An additional biblical mark and some punctuation marks (total 4 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05A2 and U+05C5-U+05C7) * Additional biblical marks, punctuation marks and the Afghani sign (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+060B, U+061E, and U+0659-U+065E) * A glottal stop (ॽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097D) * The Khanda Ta letter (ৎ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09CE) * The letter Sha and the digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BB6 and U+0BE6) * Two marks used in Bhutan (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD0-U+0FD1) * Two letters and a modifier letter (total 3 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F9-U+10FA and U+10FC) * Some additional syllables (total 11 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+1207, U+1247, U+1287, U+12AF, U+12CF, U+12EF, U+130F, U+131F, U+1347, U+135F, and U+1360) * Additional phonetic symbols (total 20 characters) were added to '''Phonetic Extensions'''. (U+1D6C-U+1D7F) * A flower and dot punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2055-U+2056 and U+2058-U+205E) * Additional subscript letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2090-U+2094) * The Guarani, Austral, Hryvnia and Cedi signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B2-U+20B5) * A combining long double solidus (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EB) * The per sign and a double-struck letter Pi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213C and U+214C) * Metrical and electrical signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23D1-U+23DB) * Additional gender and map symbols (total 30 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2618, U+267E-U+267F, U+2692-U+269C, and U+26A2-U+26B1) * Some additional mathematical symbols (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C0-U+27C6) * Additional arrows and squares (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B0E-U+2B1D) * A circled Hangul character (㉾) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+327E) * Additional Han Ideographs (total 22 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FA6-U+9FBB) * Additional Compatibility Ideographs (total 106 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA70-U+FAD9) * Italic dotless small i and j (total 2 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D6A4-U+1D6A5) == Unicode 5.0 == Unicode 5.0 was released on July 14th, 2006. It encoded 99,024 characters, adding 1,369 new characters. === New blocks === * '''N'Ko''' (U+07C0-U+07FF), containing 59 characters for the N'Ko script, was added. * '''Balinese''' (U+1B00-U+1B7F), containing 121 characters and musical signs for the Balinese abugida, was added. * '''Latin Extended-C''' (U+2C60-U+2C7F), containing 17 letters for various languages, was added. * '''Latin Extended-D''' (U+A720-U+A7FF), containing 2 characters for UPA, was added. * '''Phags-pa''' (U+A840-U+A87F), containing 56 characters for the Phags-pa script, was added. * '''Phoenician''' (U+10900-U+1091F), containing 27 letters and numerals for the Phoenician script, was added. * '''Cuneiform''' (U+12000-U+123FF), containing 879 signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation''' (U+12400-U+1247F), containing 103 numerals and punctuation signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Counting Rod Numerals''' (U+1D360-U+1D37F), containing 18 numerals used with counting rods, was added. === Extended blocks === * Various letters used mainly for aboriginal languages (total 14 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0242-U+024F) * Lowercase lunate sigma symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037B-U+037D) * Lowercase palochka and 3 letters used in Nivkh (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04CF and U+04FA-U+04FF) * Two letters used in Khanty and other languages (total 4 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0510-U+0513) * A specific point meant for Vav (total 1 character) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05BA) * Four letters used in Sindhi (total 4 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097B-U+097C and U+097E-U+097F) * Four letters used in Sanskrit (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CE2-U+0CE3 and U+0CF1-U+0CF2) * Additional IPA diacritics (total 9 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DC4-U+1DCA) * Four combining arrows (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EC-U+20EF) * A danish symbol and a lowercase turned F (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214D-U+214E) * A lowercase reversed C (ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2184) * Vertical parenthesis, geometric forms and electrical symbols (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23DC-U+23E7) * A neuter symbol (⚲) (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26B2) * Four additional mathematical symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C7-U+27CA) * Additional squares, pentagons and hexagons (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B14-U+2B1A and U+2B20-U+2B23) * Four additional tone letters used in Chinantec (total 4 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A717-U+A71A) * Bold Digamma (𝟊/'''Ϝ''') (total 2 characters) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D7CA-U+1D7CB) == Unicode 5.1 == Unicode 5.1 was released on April 4th, 2008. It encoded 100,648 characters, adding 1,624 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Sundanese''' (U+1B80-U+1BBF), containing 55 letters for Sundanese script, was added. * '''Lepcha''' (U+1C00-U+1C4F), containing 74 letters for Lepcha script, was added. * '''Ol Chiki''' (U+1C50-U+1C7F), containing 48 letters for Ol Chiki script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-A''' (U+2DE0-U+2DFF), containing 32 letters for combining Cyrillic letters, was added. * '''Vai''' (U+A500-U+A63F), containing 300 letters for Vai script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-B''' (U+A640-U+A69F), containing 78 letters for additional Cyrillic characters, was added. * '''Saurashtra''' (U+A880-U+A8DF), containing 81 letters for Saurashtra script, was added. * '''Kayah Li''' (U+A900-U+A92F), containing 48 letters for Kayah languages, was added. * '''Rejang''' (U+A930-U+A95F), containing 37 letters for Rejang script, was added. * '''Cham''' (U+AA00-U+AA5F), containing 83 letters for Cham script, was added. * '''Ancient Symbols''' (U+10190-U+101CF), containing 12 characters for weights and measures and other ancient symbols, was added. * '''Phaistos Disc''' (U+101D0-U+101FF), containing 46 hieroglyphs for Phaistos, was added. * '''Lycian''' (U+10280-U+1029F), containing 29 letters for Lycian script, was added. * '''Carian''' (U+102A0-U+102DF), containing 49 letters for Carian script, was added. * '''Lydian''' (U+10920-U+1093F), containing 27 letters for Lydian script, was added. * '''Mahjong Tiles''' (U+1F000-U+1F02F), containing 44 mahjong tiles, was added. * '''Domino Tiles''' (U+1F030-U+1F09F), containing 100 domino tiles, was added. === Extended blocks === * Archaic letters and capital kai symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0370-U+0373, U+0375-U+0376 and U+03CF) * Combining Pokrytie (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0487) * Mordvin, Kurdish, Aleut and Chuvash letters (total 16 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0514-U+0523) * Radix symbols, Letterlike, punctuation, Koranic annotation signs and additions for early Persian and Azerbaijani (total 15 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0606-U+060A, U+0616-U+061A and U+063B-U+063F) * Additional letters in Torwali, Burushaski and early Persian (total 18 characters) were added to '''Arabic Supplement'''. (U+076E-U+077F) * High spacing dot and candra a (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0971-U+0972) * Udaat and yakash signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A51 and U+0A75) * Vocalic rr, l and ll (total 3 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B44 and U+0B62-U+0B63) * Om symbol (ௐ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BD0) * Avagraha, additional phonetic letters, vocalic l and ll, fractional signs and tuumu (total 13 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3D, U+0C58-U+0C59, U+0C62-U+0C63 and U+0C78-U+0C7F) * Avagraha, vocalic rr, l and ll, Malayalam numerics and fractions and chillu letters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D3D, U+0D44, U+0D62-U+0D63, U+0D70-U+0D75 and U+0D79-U+0D7F) * Letters for Balti and various symbols (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6B-U+0F6C, U+0FCE and U+0FD2-U+0FD4) * Characters for various languages (total 78 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+1022, U+1028, U+102B, U+1033-U+1035, U+103A-U+103F, U+105A-U+1099 and U+109E-U+109F) * Manchu Ali Gali lha (ᢪ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+18AA) * Miscellaneous combining marks (total 28 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DCB-U+1DE6) * Medievalist latin letters and miscellaneous letters (total 10 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9C-U+1E9F and U+1EFA-U+1EFF) * Invisible plus (+) (total 1 character) was added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2064) * Combining asterisk above ( ⃰)(total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F0) * Symbol for Samaritan Source (⅏) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214F) * Archaic Roman Numerals (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2185-U+2188) * Outlined white star and other signs (total 15 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269D, U+26B3-U+26BC and U+26C0-U+26C3) * Long division and additional mathematical brackets (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CC and U+27EC-U+27EF) * Miscellaneous signs (total 51 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B1B-U+2B1F, U+2B24-U+2B4C, and U+2B50-U+2B54) * Additional Latin letters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C6D-U+2C6F, U+2C71-U+2C73, and U+2C78-U+2C7D) * Additional punctuation (total 23 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E18-U+2E1B and U+2E1E-U+2E30) * Letter ih (ㄭ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312D) * Other strokes (total 20 characters) were added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31D0-U+31E3) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FBC-U+9FC3) * Africanist tone letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A71B-U+A71F) * Miscellaneous letters and symbols (total 112 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A722-U+A78C and U+A7FB-U+A7FF) * Continuous macrons for Coptic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE24-U+FE26) * Musical symbol multiple measure rest (𝄩) (total 1 character) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D129) == Unicode 5.2 == Unicode 5.2 was released on October 1st, 2009. It encoded 107,296 characters, adding 6,648 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Samaritan''' (U+0800-U+083F), containing 61 letters for Samaritan script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended''' (U+18B0-U+18FF), containing 70 syllables for various Cree languages, was added. * '''Tai Tham''' (U+1A20-U+1AAF), containing 127 letters for Tai Tham script, was added. * '''Vedic Extensions''' (U+1CD0-U+1CFF), containing 35 characters for tone marks and signs, was added. * '''Lisu''' (U+A4D0-U+A4FF), containing 48 letters for Lisu (Fraser) script, was added. * '''Bamum''' (U+A6A0-U+A6FF), containing 88 letters for Bamum script, was added. * '''Common Indic Number Forms''' (U+A830-U+A83F), containing 10 fractions and marks, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended''' (U+A8E0-U+A8FF), containing 28 additional marks, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-A''' (U+A960-U+A97F), containing 29 characters for additional old initial consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Javanese''' (U+A980-U+A9DF), containing 91 letters for Javanese script, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-A''' (U+AA60-U+AA7B), containing 28 letters for Khamti Shan in Myanmar, was added. * '''Tai Viet''' (U+AA80-U+AADF), containing 72 letters for Tai Viet script, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek''' (U+ABC0-U+ABFF), containing 56 letters for Meetei Mayek script, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-B''' (U+D7B0-U+D7FF), containing 72 characters for additional old medieval vowels and final consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Imperial Aramaic''' (U+10840-U+1085F), containing 31 characters for Old Aramaic, was added. * '''Old South Arabian''' (U+10A60-U+10A7F), containing 32 letters and numbers for South Arabian, was added. * '''Avestan''' (U+10B00-U+10B3F), containing 61 characters for Avestan script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Parthian''' (U+10B40-U+10B5F), containing 30 characters for Inscriptional Parthian script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Pahlavi''' (U+10B60-U+10B7F), containing 27 characters for Inscriptional Pahlavi script, was added. * '''Old Turkic''' (U+10C00-U+10C4F), containing 73 characters for Orkhon script, was added. * '''Rumi Numeral Symbols''' (U+10E60-U+10E7F), containing 31 numeric characters used in Fez, Morocco, and elsewhere in North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, between the tenth and seventeenth centuries, was added. * '''Kaithi''' (U+11080-U+110CF), containing 66 letters for Kaithi script, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' (U+13000-U+1342F), containing 1,071 hieroglyphs for Egyptian, was added. * '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement''' (U+1F100-U+1F1FF), containing 63 additional circled, parenthesized and squared alphanumerics, was added. * '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement''' (U+1F200-U+1F2FF), containing 44 squared and tortoised shell bracketed ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C''' (U+2A700-U+2B73F), containing 4,149 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Abkhaz letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0524-U+0525) * Inverted Candrabindu and additional signs and letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0900, U+094E, U+0955 and U+0979-U+097A) * Ganda Mark (৻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FB) * Religious svasti signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD5-U+0FD8) * Extensions for Khamti Shan and Alton and Phake (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+109A-U+109D) * Additional old initial consonants, medival vowels, and old final consonants (total 16 characters) were added to '''Hangul Jamo'''. (U+115A-U+115E, U+11A3-U+11A7 and U+11FA-U+11FF) * Hyphen and additional syllables (total 10 characters) were added to '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics'''. (U+1400 and U+1677-U+167F) * Letter Sua and Tham Digit One (total 3 characters) were added to '''New Tai Lue'''. (U+19AA-U+19AB and U+19DA) * Combing Almost Equal to Below ( ᷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFD) * The Live Tournosis, Spesmillo and Tenge signs (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B6-U+20B8) * Additional vulgar fractions from ARIB STD B24 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2150-U+2152 and U+2189) * Decimal exponent symbol (⏨) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E8) * A soccer ball and symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 59 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269E-U+269F, U+26BD-U+26BF, U+26C4-U+26CD, U+26CF-U+26E1, U+26E3 and U+26E8-U+26FF) * Heavy exclamation mark symbol (❗) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2757) * Traffic sign, dictionary and map symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B55-U+2B59) * Capital letter turned alpha and additions for Shona (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C70 to U+2C7E-U+2C7F) * Cryptogrammic letters and combining marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CEB-U+2CF1) * Word separator middle dot (⸱) (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E31) * Circled ideographs and numbers on black squares from ARIB STD B24 (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3244-U+324F) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FC4-U+9FCB) * Miscellaneous additions for compatibility (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA6B-U+FA6D) * Number two and three (total 2 characters) were added to '''Phoenician'''. (U+1091A-U+1091B) == Unicode 6.0 == Unicode 6.0 was released on October 11th, 2010. It encoded 109,384 characters, adding 2,088 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Mandaic''' (U+0840-U+085F), containing 29 letters for Mandaic script, was added. * '''Batak''' (U+1BC0-U+1BFF), containing 56 letters for Batak script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-A''' (U+AB00-U+AB2F), containing 32 letters for Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, Basketo and Gumuz Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Brahmi''' (U+11000-U+1107F), containing 108 characters for ancient Brahmi abugida, was added. * '''Bamum Supplement''' (U+16800-U+16A3F), containing 761 letters for additional Bamum script, was added. * '''Kana Supplement''' (U+1B000-U+1B0FF), containing 2 characters for archaic katakana, was added. * '''Playing Cards''' (U+1F0A0-U+1F0FF), containing 59 playing cards, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F300-U+1F5FF), containing 529 additional symbols, was added. * '''Emoticons''' (U+1F600-U+1F64F), containing 63 faces, cat faces and gesture symbols, was added. * '''Transport and Map Symbols''' (U+1F680-U+1F6FF), containing 70 transportation, traffic signs and other symbols, was added. * '''Alchemical Symbols''' (U+1F700-U+1F77F), containing 116 symbols for elements, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D''' (U+2B740-U+2B81F), containing 222 miscellaneous Han ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Azerbaijani letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0526-U+0527) * Kashmiri Yeh and Wavy hamza below (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0620 and U+065F) * Dependent vowel signs and letters used in Kashmiri and Bihari (total 10 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+093A-U+093B, U+094F, U+0956-U+0957 and U+0973-U+0977) * Fraction signs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B72-U+0B77) * Letters used in scholarly only and letter dot reph (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D29, U+0D3A and U+0D4E) * Leading and Trailing Mchan Rtags (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F8C-U+0F8F, U+0FD9-U+0FDA) * Additional combining marks (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+135D-U+135E) * Combining Double Inverted Breve Below (᷼) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFC) * Miscellaneous subscript letters (total 8 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2095-U+209C) * Indian Rupee Sign (₹) (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B9) * Pointing double triangle and additional mechanical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E9-U+23F3) * Ophiuchus, astronomical symbol for Uranus and pentagrams (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26CE, U+26E2 and U+26E4-U+26E7) * Additional heavy punctation marks, raised fist, raised hand, sparkles, heavy arithmetic symbols and curly loops (total 16 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2705, U+270A-U+270B, U+2728, U+274C, U+274E, U+2753-U+2755, U+275F-U+2760, U+2795-U+2797, U+27B0 and U+27BF) * Squared logicals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CE-U+27CF) * Separator mark and consonant joiner (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D70 and U+2D7F) * Bopomofo for Hmu and Ge (total 3 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31B8-U+31BA) * Reversed Tse (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A660-U+A661) * Additional letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78D-U+A78E, U+A790-U+A791, U+A7A0-U+A7A9 and U+A7FA) * Pedagogical symbols (total 16 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBB2-U+FBC1) * Additional squared, black circled and squared letters and regional indicator letters (total 107 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F130, U+1F132-U+1F13C, U+1F13E, U+1F140-U+1F141, U+1F143-U+1F145, U+1F147-U+1F149, U+1F14F, U+1F150-U+1F156, U+1F158-U+1F15E, U+1F160-U+1F169, U+1F170-U+1F178, U+1F17A, U+1F17D-U+1F17E, U+1F180-U+1F189, U+1F18E-U+1F18F, U+1F191-U+1F19A and U+1F1E6-U+1F1FF) * Squared katakana, squared ideographs and circled advantage and accept (total 13 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F201-U+1F202, U+1F232-U+1F23A and U+1F250-U+1F251) == Unicode 6.1 == Unicode 6.1 was released on January 31st, 2012. It encoded 110,116 characters, adding 732 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-A''' (U+08A0-U+08FF), containing 39 characters, was added. * '''Sundanese Supplement''' (U+1CC0-U+1CCF), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek Extensions''' (U+AAE0-U+AAFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Hieroglyphs''' (U+10980-U+1099F), containing 32 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Cursive''' (U+109A0-U+109FF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sora Sompeng''' (U+110D0-U+110FF), containing 35 characters, was added. * '''Chakma''' (U+11100-U+1114F), containing 67 characters, was added. * '''Sharada''' (U+11180-U+111DF), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Takri''' (U+11680-U+116CF), containing 66 characters, was added. * '''Miao''' (U+16F00-U+16F9F), containing 133 characters, was added. * '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols''' (U+1EE00-U+1EEFF), containing 143 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An Armenian Dram sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058F) * A sign Samvat (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0604) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF0) * Letters for Khmu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0EDE-U+0EDF) * Capital letter Yn, letter Aen, Hard and Labial sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10C7, U+10CD and U+10FD-U+10FF) * Letters and signs for Old Sundanese (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sundanese'''. (U+1BAB-U+1BAD and U+1BBA-U+1BBF) * Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga, Candra Above, Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 4 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF3-U+1CF6) * Mathematical diagonals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CB and U+27CD) * A letter Bohairic Khei (total 2 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CF2-U+2CF3) * Small letters Yn and Aen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian Supplement'''. (U+2D27 and U+2D2D) * Letters Ye and Yo (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D66-U+2D67) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E32-U+2E3B) * An additional ideograph for Kanji (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCC) * Combining letter for Slavonic (total 9 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A674-U+A67B and U+A69F) * Letter C with Bar, capital letter H with Hook and modifier letters for extended IPA (total 5 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A792-U+A793, U+A7AA and U+A7F8-U+A7F9) * Some additional ideographs for Korea (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA2E-U+FA2F) * Symbols for Canadian legal use (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16A-U+1F16B) * Typikon symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F540-U+1F543) * (total 13 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F600, U+1F611, U+1F615, U+1F617, U+1F619, U+1F61B, U+1F61F, U+1F626-U+1F627, U+1F62C, U+1F62E-U+1F62F and U+1F634) == Unicode 6.2 == Unicode 6.2 was released on September 26th, 2012. It encoded 110,117 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A Turkish Lira sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BA) == Unicode 6.3 == Unicode 6.3 was released in September 30, 2013. It encoded 110,122 characters, adding only 5 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Letter mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061C) * Isolate directional format characters (total 4 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2066-U+2069) == Unicode 7.0 == Unicode 7.0 was released on June 16th, 2014. It encoded 112,956 characters, adding 2,834 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended''' (U+1AB0-U+1AFF), containing 15 marks, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-B''' (U+A9E0-U+A9FF), containing 31 letters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-E''' (U+AB30-U+AB6F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Coptic Epact Numbers''' (U+102E0-U+102FF), containing 28 numbers, was added. * '''Old Permic''' (U+10350-U+1037F), containing 43 letters, was added. * '''Elbasan''' (U+10500-U+1052F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Caucasian Albanian''' (U+10530-U+1056F), containing 53 letters and marks, was added. * '''Linear A''' (U+10600-U+1077F), containing 341 signs, was added. * '''Palmyrene''' (U+10860-U+1087F), containing 32 letters, was added. * '''Nabataean''' (U+10880-U+108AF), containing 40 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Old North Arabian''' (U+10A80-U+10A9F), containing 32 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Manichaean''' (U+10AC0-U+10AFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Psalter Pahlavi''' (U+10B80-U+10BAF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Mahajani''' (U+11150-U+1117F), containing 39 letters and signs, was added. * '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers''' (U+111E0-U+111FF), containing 20 numbers, was added. * '''Khojki''' (U+11200-U+1124F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Khudawadi''' (U+112B0-U+112FF), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Grantha''' (U+11300-U+1137F), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Tirhuta''' (U+11480-U+114DF), containing 82 characters, was added. * '''Siddham''' (U+11580-U+115FF), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Modi''' (U+11600-U+1165F), containing 79 characters, was added. * '''Warang Citi''' (U+118A0-U+118FF), containing 84 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Pau Cin Hau''' (U+11AC0-U+11AFF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Mro''' (U+16A40-U+16A6F), containing 43 characters, was added. * '''Bassa Vah''' (U+16AD0-U+16AFF), containing 36 characters, was added. * '''Pahawh Hmong''' (U+16B00-U+16B8F), containing 127 letters and signs, was added. * '''Duployan''' (U+1BC00-U+1BC9F), containing 143 characters, was added. * '''Shorthand Format Controls''' (U+1BCA0-U+1BCAF), containing 4 format characters, was added. * '''Mende Kikakui''' (U+1E800-U+1E8DF), containing 213 syllables and numbers, was added. * '''Ornamental Dingbats''' (U+1F650-U+1F67F), containing 48 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Geometric Shapes Extended''' (U+1F780-U+1F7FF), containing 85 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-C''' (U+1F800-U+1F8FF), containing 148 pictographic characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter Yot (total 1 character) was added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037F) * Letters for Orok, Komi and Khanty (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0528-U+052F) * An Eternity sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058D-U+058E) * A Number Mark Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0605) * Letters for African, Philippine, Turkic, Berber, Belarusian, Palula and Shina languages (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08A1, U+08AD-U+08B2 and U+08FF) * A letter for Marwari (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0978) * A sign Anji (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+0980) * Sign Candrabindu and letter Llla (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C00 and U+0C34) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C81) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D01) * Lith Numerals (total 10 characters) were added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0DE6-U+0DEF) * Additional Old English runes (total 8 characters) were added to '''Runic'''. (U+16F1-U+16F8) * Letters Gyan and Tra (total 2 characters) were added to '''Limbu'''. (U+191D-U+191E) * Signs for Jaiminiya Sama Veda (total 2 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF8-U+1CF9) * Marks for Germanic and American lexicology (total 15 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DE7-U+1DF5) * Nordic Mark, Manat and Ruble sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BB-U+20BD) * Playback symbols from Webdings font (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23F4-U+23FA) * A Scissors symbol from Wingdings 2 font (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2700) * Arrows for Lithuanian dialectology and symbols from Wingdings 3 font (total 115 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B4D-U+2B4F, U+2B5A-U+2B5F, U+2B60-U+2B73, U+2B76-U+2B95, U+2B98-U+2BB9, U+2BBD-U+2BC8 and U+2BCA-U+2BD1) * (total 7 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E3C-U+2E42) * Early Cyrillic letters and letters for Lithuanian dialectology (total 6 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A698-U+A69D) * Letters for European, American and African orthography (total 18 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A794-U+A79F, U+A7AB-U+A7AD, U+A7B0-U+A7B1 and U+A7F7) * Tone marks for Tai Laing and letters for Shwe Palaung (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar Extended-A'''. (U+AA7C-U+AA7F) * Combining phonetic marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE27-U+FE2D) * Additional mathematical symbols (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018B-U+1018C) * A Greek Tau Rho symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+101A0) * A letter Ess (total 1 character) was added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1031F) * A Number Joiner (total 1 character) was added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107F) * Sutra mark and sign Ekam (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CD and U+111DA) * Additional cuneiform signs (total 42 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+1236F-U+12398) * Additional numbers, vulgar fractions and a punctuation mark (total 13 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+12463-U+1246E and U+12474) * Red Joker, Fool and trumps (total 23 characters) were added to '''Playing Cards'''. (U+1F0BF and U+1F0E0-U+1F0F5) * Dingbat normal and negative sans-serif digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10B-U+1F10C) * Symbols from Webdings, Wingdings 1 and 2 font (total 209 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F321-U+1F32C, U+1F336, U+1F37D, U+1F394-U+1F39F, U+1F3C5, U+1F3CB-U+1F3CE, U+1F3D4-U+1F3DF, U+1F3F1-U+1F3F7, U+1F43F, U+1F441, U+1F4F8, U+1F4FD-U+1F4FE, U+1F53E-U+1F53F, U+1F544-U+1F54A, U+1F568-U+1F579, U+1F57B-U+1F5A3 and U+1F5A5-U+1F5FA) * Slightly frowning and smiling faces emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F641-U+1F642) * Symbols from Webdings and Wingdings 2 font (total 27 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6C6-U+1F6CF, U+1F6E0-U+1F6EC and U+1F6F0-U+1F6F3) == Unicode 8.0 == Unicode 8.0 was released on June 17th, 2015. It encoded 120,672 characters, adding 7,716 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cherokee Supplement''' (U+AB70-U+ABBF), containing 80 lowercase letters, was added. * '''Hatran''' (U+108E0-U+108FF), containing 26 letters, was added. * '''Old Hungarian''' (U+10C80-U+10CFF), containing 108 letters, was added. * '''Multani''' (U+11280-U+112AF), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Ahom''' (U+11700-U+1173F), containing 57 letters, was added. * '''Early Dynastic Cuneiform''' (U+12480-U+1254F), containing 196 characters, was added. * '''Anatolian Hieroglyphs''' (U+14400-U+1467F), containing 583 characters, was added. * '''Sutton SignWriting''' (U+1D800-U+1DAAF), containing 672 signs, was added. * '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F900-U+1F9FF), containing 15 pictographic characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E''' (U+2B820-U+2CEAF), containing 5762 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Arwi (total 3 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B3-U+08B4 and U+08E3) * A letter for Avestan transliteration (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF9) * A letter for Andhra Pradesh (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5A) * An archaic letter II (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D5F) * A letter Mv and small letters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cherokee'''. (U+13F5 and U+13F8-U+13FD) * A Georgian Lari sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BE) * Turned digits (total 2 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+218A-U+218B) * Two headed arrows with triangle arrowheads (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BEC-U+2BEF) * Some additional ideographs (total 9 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCD-U+9FD5) * A combining letter Ef (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A69E) * Sinological dot, phonetic extension for African languages, letters for American and Gabonese orthography (total 7 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78F and U+A7B2-U+A7B7) * Sign Siddham and letter Jain Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FC-U+A8FD) * Letters for Yakut transliteration (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB60-U+AB63) * A combining mark for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE2E-U+FE2F) * Numerals and vulgar fractions (total 64 characters) were added to '''Meroitic Cursive'''. (U+109BC-U+109BD, U+109C0-U+109CF and U+109D2-U+109FF) * Sandhi mark, diacritical marks for Kashmiri, sign Siddham and punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111C9-U+111CC and U+111DB-U+111DF) * Combining Anusvara Above and letter Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Grantha'''. (U+11300 and U+11350) * Section marks and alternate letters (total 20 characters) were added to '''Siddham'''. (U+115CA-U+115DD) * An additional sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+12399) * East-Slavic musical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1DE-U+1D1E8) * (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F32D-U+1F32F, U+1F37E-U+1F37F, U+1F3CF-U+1F3D3, U+1F3F8-U+1F3FF, U+1F4FF and U+1F54B-U+1F54F) * Upside Down Face and Face With Rolling Eyes emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F643-U+1F644) * A Place of Worship emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D0) == Unicode 9.0 == Unicode 9.0, was released on June 21st, 2016. It encoded 128,172 characters, adding 7,500 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Extended-C''' (U+1C80-U+1C8F), containing 9 letters, was added. * '''Osage''' (U+104B0-U+104FF), containing 72 letters, was added. * '''Newa''' (U+11400-U+1147F), containing 92 letters, was added. * '''Mongolian Supplement''' (U+11660-U+1167F), containing 13 letters, was added. * '''Bhaiksuki''' (U+11C00-U+11C6F), containing 97 letters, was added. * '''Marchen''' (U+11C70-U+11CBF), containing 68 letters, was added. * '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+16FE0-U+16FFF), containing 1 letter, was added. * '''Tangut''' (U+17000-U+187FF), containing 6125 letters, was added. * '''Tangut Components''' (U+18800-U+18AFF), containing 755 letters, was added. * '''Glagolitic Supplement''' (U+1E000-U+1E02F), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Adlam''' (U+1E900-U+1E95F), containing 87 letters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Bravanese, Warsh and Quranic marks used in Pakistan (total 23 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B6-U+08BD and U+08D4-U+08E2) * A sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C80) * Sign Para, Chillu letters and vulgar fractions (total 14 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D4F, U+0D54-U+0D56, U+0D58-U+0D5E and U+0D76-U+0D78) * A diacritical mark for Newa (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFB) * Power symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FB-U+23FE) * Punctuation marks for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E43-U+2E44) * A letter for Unifon (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AE) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Saurashtra'''. (U+A8C5) * Indiction sign and a currency symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018D-U+1018E) * A sign Sukun (total 1 character) was added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123E) * Japanese TV symbols (total 18 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F19B-U+1F1AC) * A Japanese TV symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F23B) * A dancing man and Black Heart emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F57A and U+1F5A4) * Octagonal Sign, Shopping Trolley, scooters and a Canoe emoji (total 5 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D1-U+1F6D2 and U+1F6F4-U+1F6F6) * (total 67 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F919-U+1F91E, U+1F920-U+1F927, U+1F930, U+1F933-U+1F93E, U+1F940-U+1F94B, U+1F950-U+1F95E and U+1F985-U+1F991) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |0030 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # DIGIT ZERO |- |1000 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KA |- |1002 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER GA |- |1004 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER NGA |- |1010 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER TA |- |1011 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER THA |- |1015 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER PA |- |1019 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER MA |- |101A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER YA |- |101C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER LA |- |101D FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER WA |- |1022 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN A |- |1031 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E |- |1075 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KA |- |1078 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CA |- |107A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA |- |1080 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN THA |- |2205 FE00 | |zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form # EMPTY SET |- |AA60 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI GA |- |AA61 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CA |- |AA62 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CHA |- |AA63 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JA |- |AA64 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JHA |- |AA65 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NYA |- |AA66 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTA |- |AA6B FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NA |- |AA6C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI SA |- |AA6F FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI FA |- |AA7A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER AITON RA |- |… | |278 additional emoji variation sequences |} == Unicode 10.0 == Unicode 10.0, was released on June 20th, 2017. It encoded 136,690 characters, adding 8,518 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac Supplement''' (U+0860-U+086F), containing 11 characters, was added. * '''Zanabazar Square''' (U+11A00-U+11A4F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Soyombo''' (U+11A50-U+11AAF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Masaram Gondi''' (U+11D00-U+11D5F), containing 75 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-A''' (U+1B100-U+1B12F), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Nushu''' (U+1B170-U+1B2FF), containing 396 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F''' (U+2CEB0-U+2EBEF), containing 7,473 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Vedic Anusvara and Abbreviation mark (total 2 characters) were added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FC-U+09FD) * Letters for Arabic transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AFA-U+0AFF) * A combining Anusvara Above and Viramas (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D00 and U+0D3B-U+0D3C) * A sign Atikrama (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF7) * Combining diacritical marks for Church Slavonic (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DF6-U+1DF9) * A Bitcoin sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BF) * An Observe Eye symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FF) * A Group mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BD2) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E45-U+2E49) * A letter O with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312E) * Ideographs for Slavonic transliteration (total 21 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FD6-U+9FEA) * Letters for North Italic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1032D-U+1032F) * An Iteration mark for Nushu (total 1 character) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE1) * Letters for Hentaigana (total 254 characters) were added to '''Kana Supplement'''. (U+1B002-U+1B0FF) * Symbols for Chinese Folk religion (total 6 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F260-U+1F265) * Stupa, Pagoda, Sled and Flying Saucer emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D3-U+1F6D4 and U+1F6F7-U+1F6F8) * (total 66 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F900-U+1F90B, U+1F91F, U+1F928-U+1F92F, U+1F931-U+1F932, U+1F94C, U+1F95F-U+1F96B, U+1F992-U+1F997 and U+1F9D0-U+1F9E6) == Unicode 11.0 == Unicode 11.0, was released on June 5th, 2018. It encoded 137,374 characters, adding 684 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Georgian Extended''' (U+1C90-U+1CBF), containing 46 characters, was added. * '''Hanifi Rohingya''' (U+10D00-U+10D3F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Old Sogdian''' (U+10F00-U+10F2F), containing 40 characters, was added. * '''Sogdian''' (U+10F30-U+10F6F), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''Dogra''' (U+11800-U+1184F), containing 60 characters, was added. * '''Gunjala Gondi''' (U+11D60-U+11DAF), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Makasar''' (U+11EE0-U+11EFF), containing 25 characters, was added. * '''Medefaidrin''' (U+16E40-U+16E9F), containing 91 characters, was added. * '''Mayan Numerals''' (U+1D2E0-U+1D2FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Indic Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC70-U+1ECBF), containing 68 characters, was added. * '''Chess Symbols''' (U+1FA00-U+1FA6F), containing 14 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Small letters Turned Ayb and Yi with Stroke (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0560 and U+0588) * A triangle Yod (total 1 character) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05EF) * A Dantayalan and currency symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''N'Ko'''. (U+07FD-U+07FF) * A Small Low Waw (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08D3) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FE) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A76) * A combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C04) * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C84) * A letter for Buryat (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1878) * Symbols for chess notation, astrological and half star symbols (total 43 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BBA-U+2BBC, U+2BD3-U+2BEB and 2BF0-U+2BFE) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4A-U+2E4E) * A letter NN (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312F) * Some ideographs for Kanji (total 5 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FEB-U+9FEF) * A small capital Q and a letter for Mazahua (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AF and U+A7B8-U+A7B9) * Letter and vowel sign Ay (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FE-U+A8FF) * Letters Ttta, Vha and a vulgar fraction (total 3 characters) were added to '''Kharoshthi'''. (U+10A34-U+10A35 and U+10A48) * A Number Sign Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Kaithi'''. (U+110CD) * Letter Lhaa, vowel sign Aa and Ei (total 3 characters) were added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11144-U+11146) * A combining Bindu Below (total 1 character) was added to '''Grantha'''. (U+1133B) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145E) * An alternate letter Ba (total 1 character) was added to '''Ahom'''. (U+1171A) * A mark Pluta (total 1 character) was added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A9D) * Additional ideographs (total 5 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187ED-U+187F1) * Tally marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Counting Rod Numerals'''. (U+1D372-U+1D378) * A Copyleft symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F12F) * A Skateboard emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6F9) * Normal and negative circled shapes (total 4 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D5-U+1F7D8) * (total 65 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F94D-U+1F94F, U+1F96C-U+1F970, U+1F973-U+1F976, U+1F97A, U+1F97C-U+1F97F, U+1F998-U+1F99F, U+1F9A0-U+1F9A2, U+1F9B0-U+1F9B9, U+1F9C1-U+1F9C2 and U+1F9E7-U+1F9FF) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |FF10 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # FULLWIDTH DIGIT ZERO |} == Unicode 12.0 == Unicode 12.0 was released on March 5th, 2019. It encoded 137,928 characters, adding 554 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Elymaic''' (U+10FE0-U+10FFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Nandinagari''' (U+119A0-U+119FF), containing 65 characters, was added. * '''Tamil Supplement''' (U+11FC0-U+11FFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls''' (U+13430-U+1343F), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Small Kana Extension''' (U+1B130-U+1B16F), containing 7 characters, was added. * '''Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong''' (U+1E100-U+1E14F), containing 71 characters, was added. * '''Wancho''' (U+1E2C0-U+1E2FF), containing 59 characters, was added. * '''Ottoman Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ED00-U+1ED4F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A''' (U+1FA70-U+1FAFF), containing 16 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C77) * Letters for Pail and Sanskrit (total 15 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0E86, U+0E89, U+0E8C, U+0E8E-U+0E93, U+0E98, U+0EA0, U+0EA8-U+0EA9, U+0EAC and U+0EBA) * A sign Double Anusvara Antargomukha (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CFA) * An astrological symbol and Hellschreiber Pause symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BC9 and U+2BFF) * A Cornish Verse Divider (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4F) * Egyptological letters, Anglicana W and letters for early Pinyin (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7BA-U+A7BF and U+A7C2-U+A7C6) *Sinological phonetic letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB66-U+AB67) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145F) * An archaic letter Kha (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B8) * Sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 2 characters) were added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A84-U+11A85) * Letters for various Yi and Miao languages (total 16 characters) were added to '''Miao'''. (U+16F45-U+16F4A, U+16F4F and U+16F7F-U+16F87) * Marks for Ancient Chinese texts (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE2-U+16FE3) * Some additional ideographs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F2-U+187F7) * A Nasalization mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Adlam'''. (U+1E94B) * A Spanish and Portuguese register mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16C) * Hindu Temple and Auto Rickshaw emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D5 and U+1F6FA) * Large colored circles and boxes (total 12 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7E0-U+1F7EB) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90D-U+1F90F, U+1F93F, U+1F971, U+1F97B, U+1F9A5-U+1F9AA, U+1F9AE-U+1F9AF, U+1F9BA-U+1F9BF, U+1F9C3-U+1F9CA and U+1F9CD-U+1F9CF) * Heterodox chess symbols (total 84 characters) were added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA00-U+1FA53) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Spacing Modifier Letters |02EA, 02EB |2 |- |Vedic Extensions |1CF2..1CF3 |2 |- |Currency Symbols |20A9 |1 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001, 3002 |2 |- |Bopomofo |3105..312F |43 |- |Bopomofo Extended |31A0..31BA |27 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |37C3, 3B9D, 3CFD, 3FE0, 44EC, 4A76 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5344, 55B9, 6ABC, 6FF9, 809E, 80BC, 80E9, 8132, 8159, 841C, 891D, 8C6C, 915E, 9FD4 |14 |- |Phags-pa |A840..A877 |56 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01, FF0C, FF0E, FF1A, FF1B, FF1F |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |200DD, 20164, 20BBF, 20C02, 20CED, 21D4C, 2278B, 23AB8, 2459B, 24A7D, 24FB9, 25ED7, 2677C, 26B4C, 26C21, 26CBE, 26E3D, 28834, 289A1, 289C0, 28A0F, 28B46 |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A8FB, 2A917, 2AA30 |3 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BA52, 2BD77, 2C494, 2C72F, 2C734, 2CB38 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D23B, 2E83A |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !192 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |3001 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3001 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3002 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |3002 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |FF01 FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF01 FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF0C FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0C FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0E FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF0E FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF1A FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1A FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1B FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1B FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1F FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |- |FF1F FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |} == Unicode 12.1 == Unicode 12.1 was released on May 7th, 2019. It encoded 137,929 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A square era name Reiwa (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32FF) == Unicode 13.0 == Unicode 13.0 was released on March 10th, 2020. It encoded 143,859 characters, adding 5,930 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Yezidi''' (U+10E80-U+10EBF), containing 47 characters, was added. * '''Chorasmian''' (U+10FB0-U+10FDF), containing 28 characters, was added. * '''Dives Akuru''' (U+11900-U+1195F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Lisu Supplement''' (U+11FB0-U+11FBF), containing 1 character, was added. * '''Khitan Small Script''' (U+18B00-U+18CFF), containing 470 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Supplement''' (U+18D00-U+18D08), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing''' (U+1FB00-U+1FBFF), containing 212 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G''' (U+30000-U+3134F), containing 4939 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for African languages and Punjabi (total 10 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08BE-U+08C7) * A sign Overline (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B55) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D04) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0D81) * Combining diacritical marks for Scottish phonology (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ABF-U+1AC0) * A Japanese symbol for Type A Electronics (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B97) * Cross patties and a Tironian sign Capita Et (total 3 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E50-U+2E52) * Letters for Taiwan and Cantonese language (total 5 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31BB-U+31BF) * Some disunified ideographs (total 10 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A'''. (U+4DB6-4DBF) * Some ideographs for China (total 13 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FF0-U+9FFC) * Letters for Gaulish (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C7-U+A7CA and U+A7F5-U+A7F6) * An alternate sign Nasanta (total 1 character) was added to '''Syloti Nagri'''. (U+A82C) * Letter R With Midle Tilde and modifier letters for Scottish phonology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB68-U+AB6B) * A symbol Ascia (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+1019C) * A letter for Pali (total 1 character) was added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11147) * A vowel sign Prishthamatra E and Inverted Candrabindu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CE and U+111CF) * Double comma, sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 3 characters) were added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145A and U+11460-U+11461) * Khitan Small Script Filler and reading marks for Vietnamese (total 3 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE4 and U+16FF0-U+16FF1) * Some additional components (total 13 characters) were added to '''Tangut Components'''. (U+18AF3-U+18AFF) * Creative Commons license symbols and Mask Work symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10D-U+1F10F, U+1F16D-1F16F and U+1F1AD) * Hut, Elevator, Pickup Truck and Roller Skate emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D6-U+1F6D7 and U+1F6FB-U+1F6FC) * Arrows for legacy computing (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B0-U+1F8B1) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90C, U+1F972, U+1F977-U+1F978, U+1F9A3-U+1F9A4, U+1F9AB-U+1F9AD and U+1F9CB) * (total 41 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA74, U+1FA83-U+1FA86, U+1FA96-U+1FAA8, U+1FAB0-U+1FAB6, U+1FAC0-U+1FAC2 and U+1FAD0-U+1FAD6) * Gongche characters for Kunqu Opera (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6D7-U+2A6DD) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Tagalog |1700..170C, 170E..1714 |20 |- |Mongolian |1834, 1871, 1878 |3 |- |Sundanese |1BAB |1 |- |Currency Symbols |20BF |1 |- |CJK Radicals Supplement |2E80..2E99, 2E9B..2EF3 |115 |- |Kangxi Radicals |2F00..2FD5 |214 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3472, 38C7, 3DB8, 3FE0, 440B, 46E9 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |53FD, 6146, 6711, 671C, 6721, 6725, 6BD2, 7B9A, 87CE, 8956, 93BF, 9B97 |12 |- |Latin Extended-D |A764..A765 |2 |- |Phags-pa |A86D |1 |- |Tangut |175F6, 17F0D, 17F8A, 17FA5, 180D6, 18139, 18147, 184F1, 18736 |9 |- |Tangut Components |18843, 18856, 1888C, 1890A, 18915, 1893B |6 |- |Adlam |1E900..1E94A, 1E950..1E959, 1E95E..1E95F |71 |- |Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs |1F3B1 |1 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F995..1F998, 1F99B..1F99E, 1F9B0..1F9B3, 1F9E7 |13 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20219, 21249, 21827, 22C3A, 2327B, 23496, 2355E, 2363B, 236ED, 23839, 23FD5, 24261, 24726, 248F2, 2548E, 26657, 26C9E, 26FE1, 27334, 27C0E, 27CEF, 2A38C |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2AED5, 2AEF3, 2AF76, 2B09F, 2B1C3, 2B1E5 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2B83C, 2B8D9..2B8DA, 2B96F, 2BBD7, 2BD61, 2BE4A, 2BF1D, 2BF9D, 2C0B8, 2C142, 2C176, 2C316, 2C3FB, 2C402, 2C7AC, 2C82C, 2C83A, 2C9A1, 2CC88, 2CD68 |21 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2DC09, 2DE4A, 2EB7E, 2EB89 |4 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F83B, 2F878, 2F8D6..2F8D7, 2F8DA, 2F8F0, 2F984, 2FA02 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !536 |} == Unicode 14.0 == Unicode 14.0 was released on September 14th, 2021. It encoded 144,697 characters, adding 838 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-B''' (U+0870-U+089F), containing 41 characters, was added. * '''Vithkuqi''' (U+10570-U+105BF), containing 70 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-F''' (U+10780-U+107BF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Old Uyghur''' (U+10F70-U+10FAF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A''' (U+11AB0-U+11ABF), containing 16 characters, was added. * '''Cypro-Minoan''' (U+12F90-U+12FFF), containing 99 characters, was added. * '''Tangsa''' (U+16A70-U+16ACF), containing 89 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-B''' (U+1AFF0-U+1AFFF), containing 13 characters, was added. * '''Znamenny Musical Notation''' (U+1CF00-U+1CFFF), containing 185 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-G''' (U+1DF00-U+1DFFF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Toto''' (U+1E290-U+1E2BF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-B''' (U+1E7E0-U+1E7FF), containing 28 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An End of Text punctuation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061D) * Letters for Balti and Quranic orthography (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B5 and U+08C8-U+08D2) * A sign Nukta and letter Nakaara Pollu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3C and U+0C5D) * A letter Nakaara Pollu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDD) * A letter Ra, sign Pamudpod and archaic letter Ra (total 3 characters) were added to '''Tagalog'''. (U+170D, U+1715 and U+171F) * A fourth Free variation selector (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+180F) * Combining diacritical marks for extended IPA (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AC1-U+1ACE) * An archaic ligature Jnya and punctuation marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4C and U+1B7D-U+1B7E) * A combining Dot Below Left (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFA) * A Kyrgyz Som sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C0) * A letter Caudate Chrivi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Glagolitic'''. (U+2C2F and U+2C5F) * Medieval and phonetic punctuation marks (total 11 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E53-U+2E5D) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FFD-U+9FFF) * Archaic European letters, modifier letters for Sokuon and Chatino orthography (total 13 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C0-U+A7C1, U+A7D0-U+A7D1, U+A7D3, U+A7D5, U+A7D6-U+A7D9 and U+A7F2-U+A7F4) * A modifier letter Wasla Above and honorifics (total 20 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC2, U+FD40-U+FD4F, U+FDCF and U+FDFE-U+FDFF) * Letters for Old Tamil (total 6 characters) were added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+11070-U+11075) * A vowel sign Vocalic R (total 1 character) was added to '''Khaiti'''. (U+110C2) * An Abbreviation sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B9) * Letters for Tai Ahom (total 7 characters) were added to '''Ahom'''. (U+11740-U+11746) The block was expanded from (U+11700-U+1173F) to (U+11700-U+1174F) * Kana archaic letters (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B11F-U+1B122) * Accidental symbols for Iranian classical music (total 2 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1E9-U+1D1EA) * Playground Slide, Wheel and Ring Buoy emoji (total 3 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DD-U+1F6DF) * A Heavy Equals Sign emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7F0) * A Troll and Face Holding Back Tears emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F979 and U+1F9CC) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA7B-U+1FA7C, U+1FAA9-U+1FAAC, U+1FAB7-U+1FABA, U+1FAC3-U+1FAC5, U+1FAD7-U+1FAD9, U+1FAE0-U+1FAE7 and U+1FAF0-U+1FAF6) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6DE-U+2A6DF) * Disunified ideographs and a G source ideograph for China, Hong Kong and Vietnam (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B735-U+2B738) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Latin Extended-B |0184..0185 |2 |- |Arabic |0674..0678, 06C5, 06C7, 06FE |8 |- |Letterlike Symbols |210B, 2110, 2112, 211B, 212C, 2130..2131, 2133 |8 |- |Enclosed Alphanumerics |2460..24FF |160 |- |Dingbats |2776..2793 |30 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001..3029, 3030..303D, 303F |56 |- |CJK Strokes |31C0..31E3 |36 |- |Katakana Phonetic Extensions |31F0..31FF |16 |- |Enclosed CJK Letters and Months |3200..321E, 3220..32FF |255 |- |CJK Compatibiity |3300..33FF |256 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3777, 3B3F |2 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5DD5, 652C, 6AC0 |3 |- |Arabic Presentation Forms-A |FBD7..FBD8, FBDD, FBE0..FBE1 |5 |- |Vertical Forms |FE10..FE19 |10 |- |CJK Compatibiity Forms |FE30..FE4F |32 |- |Small Form Variants |FE50..FE52, FE54..FE66, FE68..FE6B |26 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01..FF9F, FFA1..FFBE, FFC2..FFC7, FFCA..FFCF, FFD2..FFD7, FFDA..FFDC, FFE0..FFE6, FFE8..FFEE |225 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |1300A, 13017, 1302D, 13032, 13034..13035, 13037..13038, 1303A..1303E, 1304E..1304F, 13055, 13057, 13068, 1309A, 130D2, 130D5, 130F6, 130FE, 13192, 1325F, 13267, 1326A, 13281, 13297, 1329E, 132B4, 132C1, 132E6, 13304, 1331F, 13378..1337B, 1337D..1337E, 133F3, 133FA..13403, 1340D, 13417, 1342B |55 |- |Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols |1D49C, 1D49E..1D49F, 1D4A2, 1D4A5..1D4A6, 1D4A9..1D4AC, 1D4AE..1D4B5 |18 |- |Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement |1F100..1F1AD, 1F1E6..1F1FF |200 |- |Enclosed Ideographic Supplement |1F200..1F202, 1F210..1F23B, 1F240..1F248, 1F250..1F251, 1F260..1F265 |64 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F930 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |22ADC, 230F2, 25B27, 26F28 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !1472 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |1D49C FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |- |1D49C FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |} ===Named Sequences=== Here is a table with new named character sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Name |- |0915 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER QA |- |0916 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0917 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |091C 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0921 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER DDDHA |- |0922 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |092B 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |092F 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |09A1 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |09A2 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |09AF 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |0A32 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER LLA |- |0A38 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER SHA |- |0A16 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0A17 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |0A1C 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0A2B 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |0B21 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |0B22 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |} == Unicode 15.0 == Unicode 15.0 was released on September 13th, 2022. It encoded 149,186 characters, adding 4,489 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-C''' (U+10EC0-U+10EFF), containing 3 characters, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended-A''' (U+11B00-U+11B5F), containing 10 characters, was added. * '''Kawi''' (U+11F00-U+11F5F), containing 86 characters, was added. * '''Kaktovik Numerals''' (U+1D2C0-U+1D2DF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-D''' (U+1E030-U+1E08F), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Nag Mundari''' (U+1E4D0-U+1E4FF), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H''' (U+31350-U+323AF), containing 4192 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Yamakkan (total 1 character) was added to '''Lao'''. (U+0ECE) * A combining Anusvara Above Right (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF3) * Letters Qa, Short I and Vocalic R (total 3 characters) were added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123F-U+11241) * An additional hieroglyph to Group V (total 1 character) was added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' * Extended format controls (total 29 characters) were added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls'''. (U+13439-U+13455). The block was expanded from (U+13430-U+1343F) to (U+13430-U+1345F) * Hiragana and Katakana Small Ko (total 2 characters) were added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B132 and U+1B155) * Letters for Malayalam transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF25-U+1DF2A) * A Wireless emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DC) * A Nine Pointed White Star (total 1 character) was be added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D9) * A Lot of Fortune, eclipse symbols and symbols for dwarf planets (total 6 characters) were added to '''Alchemical symbols'''. (U+1F774-U+1F776 and U+1F77B-U+1F77F) * (total 20 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA75-U+1FA77, U+1FA87-U+1FA88, U+1FAAD-U+1FAAF, U+1FABB-U+1FABF, U+1FACE-U+1FACF, U+1FADA-U+1FADB, U+1FAE8 and U+1FAF7-U+1FAF8) * A disunified ideograph for Macao (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B739) ===Glyph Changes=== Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |IPA Extensions |025E, 029A |2 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |144B, 14D1, 1506, 15C0..15C3, 15E8..15EE, 1601, 1604..1607, 160A..160D, 1614..162D, 1630..163F, 1646..1647, 165A |66 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended |18DB, 18EC, 18F1..18F2, 18F5 |5 |- |Sundanese |1BBF |1 |- |Optical Character Recognition |2447 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |34DC, 3BF6, 3C43, 48B4, 4DBE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |585F, 5F50, 6BC0, 7BC9, 833E |5 |- |Cyrillic Extended-B |A66E |1 |- |Old Turkic |10C47 |1 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |various (new standardized variation sequences) |94 |- |Khitan Small Script |18CCA |1 |- |Wancho (font update) |1E2C0..1E2F9, 1E2FF |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols (font update) |1F700..1F773 |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20048, 20A1C, 2143F, 21A5F, 21C08, 21FBA, 22ACF, 23392, 238A7, 23D8F, 23F4E, 25D20, 26E30, 27B48, 27C4F, 28633, 28B02, 28E9A, 29760, 2A60F |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2B249 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BB37, 2BD7D, 2C151, 2C1E0, 2C2D6, 2C5CA, 2C810, 2CD34 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2CF4E, 2D25D, 2D3EC, 2D6A7, 2D7BA, 2D979, 2DA74, 2DA97, 2DC13, 2DDC0, 2DF10, 2DF78, 2E05A, 2E0AE, 2E516, 2E640, 2E680, 2EA63 |18 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F804, 2F805, 2F833, 2F835, 2F84C, 2F84F, 2F852, 2F855, 2F887, 2F88B, 2F899, 2F8A0, 2F8A6, 2F8A7, 2F8AD, 2F8B1, 2F8B4, 2F8B7, 2F8BA, 2F8D0, 2F8E0..2F8E2, 2F8E5, 2F8E6, 2F8FE, 2F900, 2F901, 2F907, 2F912, 2F922, 2F926, 2F936, 2F938, 2F94E, 2F959, 2F95F, 2F96C, 2F99F, 2F9B8, 2F9BA, 2F9D3, 2F9DB, 2F9DC, 2F9E8, 2F9EA, 2F9EE, 2FA00, 2FA0D, 2FA1B |50 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |302FC, 30723, 30A6D, 30CF7, 30DBF, 31006, 3105D |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !461 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |13091 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027 |- |13092 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027A |- |13093 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D028 |- |130A9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D047 |- |1310F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F016 |- |13117 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F023 |- |1311C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F028 |- |13121 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F032 |- |13127 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F037A |- |13139 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13139 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13183 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H005 |- |13187 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H008 |- |131A0 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131A0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131B1 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B1 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B8 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M009 |- |131B9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010 |- |131BA FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010A |- |131CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M017 |- |131EE FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131EE FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131F8 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N010 |- |131F9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131F9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131FA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |131FA FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |13216 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N035 |- |13257 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O006 |- |1327B FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O029 |- |1327F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |1327F FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |13285 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O036 |- |1328C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O039 |- |132A4 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132A4 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132AA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Q003 |- |132CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH R024 |- |132DC FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S010 |- |132E7 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E7 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E9 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S020 |- |132F8 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S033 |- |132FD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S037 |- |13302 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S042 |- |13303 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S043 |- |13307 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T001 |- |13308 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T002 |- |13310 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008 |- |13311 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008A |- |13312 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13312 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13313 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13313 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13314 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |13314 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |1331B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331B FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016A |- |13321 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13321 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13322 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13322 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13331 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |13331 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |1333B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U007 |- |1333C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U008 |- |1334A FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U022 |- |13361 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U042 |- |13373 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V007A |- |13377 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V010 |- |13378 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V011 |- |1337D FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V012A |- |13385 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V019 |- |13399 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V026 |- |1339A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V027 |- |133AF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W001 |- |133B0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W002 |- |133BF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W014 |- |133D3 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH X004A |- |133DD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Y002 |- |133F2 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z007 |- |133F5 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z010 |- |133F6 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z011 |- |13403 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z015I |- |13416 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA008 |- |13419 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |1341A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA012 |- |13423 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA021 |- |1342C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA030 |- |1342E FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA032 |- |13443 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH LOST SIGN |- |13444 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH HALF LOST SIGN |- |13445 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH TALL LOST SIGN |- |13446 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH WIDE LOST SIGN |} == Unicode 15.1 == Unicode 15.1 was released on September 12th, 2023. It encoded 149,813 characters, adding 627 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I''' (U+2EBF0-U+2EE5F), containing 622 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * 4 Ideographic characters were added to '''Ideographic Description Characters'''. (U+2FFC-U+2FFF) * An Ideographic subtraction (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31EF) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |357E, 358B..358E, 3599..359D, 35AF..35B0, 35B2..35B3, 35DF..35E1, 35EF, 360F, 3612, 3F94, 44D5, 48EE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5098, 512D, 517A, 5391, 54DB, 551C, 551F, 55B8, 55ED, 56AB, 591E, 594A, 5B2E, 5DFC..5DFD, 5EE4, 609E, 65B0, 65B3, 65D5, 65F2, 67B2, 6AB6, 6AEC, 6C69, 6FC2, 6FD3, 7019, 7361, 74BD, 7934, 820B, 826E, 83BB, 8412, 8456, 848A, 896F, 8E34, 8FD7, 9166, 9855, 985E, 9C4D |5 |- |Latin Extended-D |A798 |1 |- |Latin Extended-E |AB5A |1 |- |Tangut |17105, 172A4, 17BD1..17BD3, 17EF9, 18136 |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols |1F741, 1F747, 1F74C, 1F74F, 1F756, 1F758, 1F763, 1F768, 1F76D, 1F76E |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20302, 2087A, 20C00, 230B7, 2339E, 236EF, 237C3, 23B87, 23CC0, 23CD9, 23E5E, 2486F, 249D6, 249E8, 24D6A, 2585E, 25D89, 26A5A..26A5B, 26A73, 26A82..26A83, 26A90, 26AA6, 26AA8, 26AD8, 27350, 279F8, 284A3, 28BBA, 29516, 29530 |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A741, 2AB63, 2ACD8, 2AF6F, 2B173, 2B490 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BC2E, 2BF45, 2C04C, 2C13A, 2C43C, 2C43E, 2C816 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D1CC..2D1CD, 2D1DD, 2D1E4, 2D1F7, 2D203, 2D256, 2D266, 2D2A2, 2D2AC, 2D2DA |18 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |301D4, 301D9, 301E4, 301E8, 301FF..30200, 30205, 3020C, 30211, 30215..30217, 30220, 30234..30235, 30237 |7 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H |314B7, 31542, 31569, 31C7F, 31D5A, 31F68 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !164 |} == Unicode 16.0 == Unicode 16.0 was released on September 10th, 2024. It encoded 154,998 characters, adding 5,185 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Todhri''' (U+105C0-U+105FF), containing 52 characters, was added. * '''Garay''' (U+10D40-U+10D8F), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Tulu-Tigalari''' (U+11380-U+113FF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-C''' (U+116D0-U+116FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Sunuwar''' (U+11BC0-U+11BFF), containing 44 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A''' (U+13460-U+143FF), containing 3995 characters, was added. * '''Gurung Khema''' (U+16100-U+1613F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Kirat Rai''' (U+16D40-U+16D7F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement''' (U+1CC00-U+1CEBF), containing 686 characters, was added. * '''Ol Onal''' (U+1E5D0-U+1E5FF), containing 44 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A combining diacritical mark for Jawi (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+0897) * Inverted letters and a punctuation mark (total 3 characters) was added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4E-U+1B4F and U+1B7F) * A letter Tje (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C89-U+1C8A) * Legacy computing symbols for Delete (total 3 characters) was added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2427-U+2429) * CJK strokes HXG and SZP (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31E4-U+31E5) * A capital Rams Horn, an S with Diagonal Stroke, Lamda Letters, and letters for Wakashan and Salishan Languages (total 6 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CB-U+A7CD, U+A7DA-U+A7DC) * A combining Alef overlay and letters with two dots vertically below (total 4 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC2-U+10EC4 and U+10EFC) * A sign Nukta (total 1 character) was added to '''Kawi'''. (U+11F5A) * A blank character (total 1 character) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CFF) * A rightwards arrow with hook, and arrows for legacy computing and arrows for Egyptology (total 12 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B2-U+1F8BB, U+1F8C0-U+1F8C1) * A Harp, Shovel, Leafless Tree, Fingerprint, Root Vegetable, Splatter, and Face with Bags Under Eyes (total 7 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA89, U+1FA8F, U+1FABE, U+1FAC6, U+1FADC, U+1FADF, and U+1FAE9) * Graphic shapes for legacy computing (total 37 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBCB-U+1FBEF) == Unicode 17.0 == Unicode 17.0 was released on September 9th, 2025. It encoded 159,801 characters, adding 4,083 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Sidetic''' (U+10940-U+1095F), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sharada Supplement''' (U+11B60-U+11B7F), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Tolong Siki''' (U+11DB0-U+11DEF), containing 54 characters, was added. * '''Beria Erfe''' (U+16EA0-U+16EDF), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Components Supplement''' (U+18D80-U+18DFF), containing 115 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement''' (U+1CEC0-U+1CEFF), containing 34 characters, was added. * '''Tai Yo''' (U+1E6C0-U+1E6FF), containing 55 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J''' (U+323B0-U+3347F), containing 4298 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A Noon with Ring Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+088F) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5C) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDC) * Compound tone and harrington diacritics (total 26 characters) was to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ACF-U+1ADD, U+1AE0-U+1AEB) * Saudi Riyal Sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C1) * Equal Sign with Infinity Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B96) * 2 capital letters for Middle English, Latin pharyngeal voiced fricative, and Modifier Letter Capital S (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CE-U+A7CF, U+A7D2, U+A7D4, U+A7F1) * Arabic Ligature Rahmatu Allaahi Alayh and Arabic Honorifics (total 25 characters) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC3-U+FBD2, U+FD90, U+FD91, U+FDC8-U+FDCE) * A Small Yeh Barree with Two Dots Below, Thin Noon, Biblical End of Verse, Yeh with Four Dots Below, Honorifics, Double Vertical Bar Below, and Small Low Noon (total 14 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC5-U+10EC7, U+10ED0-U+10ED8, U+10EFA-U+10EFB) * Chinese Simplified and Traditional Er and Yangqin Slow Signs Two, Three, and Four (total 5 characters) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FF2-U+16FF6) * Some additional ideographs (total 8 characters) was added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F8-U+187FF) * Additional ideographs (total 22 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D09-U+18D1E) * Nine symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement'''. (U+1CCFA-U+1CCFC, U+1CEBA-1CEBF) * A Landslide (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D8) * Historical asteroid symbols (total 4 characters) was added to '''Alchemical Symbols'''. (U+1F777-U+1F77A) * Chemical symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8D0-U+1F8D8) * White and Black Chess Ferz and Alfil (total 4 characters) was added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA54-U+1FA57) * A trombone, treasure chest, hairy creature, orca, distorted face, and fight cloud (total 6 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8A, U+1FA8E, U+1FAC8, U+1FACD, U+1FAEA, and U+1FAEF) * An alarm bell symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBFA) * Additional ideographs (total 6 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B73A-U+2B73F) * Additional ideographs (total 12 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E'''. (U+2CEA2-U+2CEAD) == Unicode 18.0 == Unicode 18.0 was released on September 16, 2026. It encoded 172,808 characters, adding 13,007 new characters. === New Blocks === *'''Bengali Supplement''' (U+11DF0-U+11DFF), containing 2 characters, was added. * '''Archaic Cuneiform Numerals''' (U+12550-U+1268F), containing 311 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen''' (U+18E00-U+1919F), containing 914 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen Radicals''' (U+191A0-U+191DF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Musical Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D250-U+1D28F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended''' (U+1DB00-U+1DBFF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Seal Script''' (U+3D000-U+3FC3F), containing 11328 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * Modifier letters Eh, Ini, and Yi (total 3 characters) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0558, U+058B-U+058C) * Hebrew Point Sheva Na Mudgash and Hebrew Point Dagesh Hazaq Mudgash (total 2 characters) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05C8-U+05C9) * Signs for dot above and double dot above (total 2 characters) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B53-U+0B54) * Alternate positioned IPA diacritics and diacritics for Chao and Khoe (total 7 characters) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ADE-U+1ADF, U+1AEC-U+1AF0) * Latin subscript small letter w, y, and z and Modifier letter high and low vertical line (total 4 characters) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+208F, U+209D-U+209F) * Rufiyaa Sign, UAE Dirham Sign, and Omani Rial (total 3 characters) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C2-U+20C4) * Two Wiggly Exclamation Marks and Two Parenthesis with Middle Ring (total 4 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E60-U+2E63) * Latin capital letter closed omega and Latin capital letter r with long leg and (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DD and U+A7E2) * Latin capital letter script r and script r with ring (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6C-U+AB6D) * Latin modifier letters for clicks (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-F'''. (U+107BB-U+107BF) * Arabic Crown Letters, Quranic Characters, and Arabic Crown (total 39 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC9-U+10ECF, U+10ED9-U+10EEE, U+10EF0-U+10EF9) * Devanagari Letter Alternate Ddda (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0A) * Extended Cuneiform Numeric Signs (total 12 characters) was added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+1246F, U+12475-U+1247F) * Jurchen Small Script characters (total 5 characters) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CD6-U+18CDA) * Two additional ideographs (total 2 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D1F-U+18D20) * Hiragana Digraph Koto, Katakana Diagraphs Toki, Tote, and Yori, letters alternate Ne, and Wi (total 6 characters) was added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B123-U+1B128) * Katakana letter small archaic Ye (total 1 character) was added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B168) * Leibnizian alchemical symbols, Leibnizian cossic characters, and Leibnizian mathematical signs and symbols (total 19 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED2-U+1CED4, U+1CEDD-U+1CEDF, U+1CEF1-U+1CEFD) * Stein Zimmerman Symbols, Digit Slash Symbols, and other Symbols (total 23 characters) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D127-U+1D128, U+1D1EB-U+1D1FF) * Mathematical italic long s with descender s (U+1D6A6) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. * Affricate ligatures, letters with palatal hook, barred letters, RFE letters, Initial Teaching Alphabet, English Phonotypic Alphabet, Leibnizian cossic characters, and modifier letters (total 151 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF1F-U+1DF24, U+1DF2B-U+1DF81, U+1DF90-U+1DF96, U+1DFCD-U+1DFFF) * A Tomobiki symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F1AE) * A lighthouse (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D9) * A black circle with white vertical bar, and Extended Geometric Shapes (total 17 characters) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7DA-U+1F7DB, U+1F7F1-U+1F7FF) * A meteor, eraser, net with handle, monarch butterfly, pickle, cracking face, leftwards thumb sign, and rightwards thumb sign (total 8 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8B-1FA8D, U+1FACC, U+1FADD, U+1FAEB, U+1FAF9-1FAFA) * An additional ideograph (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D'''. (U+2B81E) == Unicode 19.0== Unicode 19.0 will be released in late 2027. There are more characters targeted for this version, but they have not been confirmed yet. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-A''' (U+2FA20-U+2FA9F), containing 119 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-B''' (U+2FAA0-U+2FC1F), containing 375 characters, will be added. == Code Points Provisionally Assigned== This is a section where you can add any upcoming Unicode characters that have been [https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html#codepoint_reservation provisionally assigned for mature proposals] (but not yet accepted) for a future update of The Unicode Standard. === New Blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-D''' (U+10D90-U+10E5F), containing 3 characters, will be added. * '''Sirmauri''' (U+11850-U+1188F), containing 55 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Leke''' (U+11B80-U+11BBF), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Proto-Cuneiform''' (U+12690-U+12ECF), containing 1392 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Chisoi''' (U+16D80-U+16DAF), containing 40 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Mwangwego''' (U+16E00-U+16E3F), containing 64 characters, will be added. * '''Shaaldaa''' (U+1C800-U+1CB2F), containing 804 characters, will be added. * '''Leibnizian Ambiguous Signs''' (U+1DC00-U+1DC3F), containing 54 characters, will be added.)<!--target: 19.0--> === Extended Blocks === * Telugu Sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) will be added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C70)<!--target: 19.0--> * Kannada Signs Ardhanusvara and Combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) will be added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF0 and U+0CF4)<!--target: 19.0--> * Mongolian Letter Manchu Alternative Ue (total 1 character) will be added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1879) * Combining Grave-Acute-Macron, Combining inverted lazy s Above, and Combining comma Above and acute (total 3 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AF1-U+1AF3) * Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting bar (total 1 character) will be added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C8B)<!--target: 19.0--> * Belarusian Ruble sign and Ruble sign with double vertical stem (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C5, U+20CF)<!--20C5 target: 19.0--> * Combining Long Triple Solidus Overlay and Combining Saltire Overlay (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F1-U+20F2)<!--target: 19.0--> * Latin capital and small letter i with oblique stroke (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DE-U+A7DF) * Latin capital letter u with left hook (total 1 character) will be added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6E)<!--target: 19.0--> * Arabic Dotless Half-Yeh, Half-Yeh, Dotless Half-Jeem and Astronomical Kaf (total 4 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC0-U+10EC1, U+10EC8, U+10EEF)<!--10EC0-10EC1 target: 19.0--> * Brahmi minimizing virama (total 1 character) will be added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107E)<!--target: 19.0--> * Tulu-Tigalari letter combining anusvara above, signs om pushpika with tail and shrii pushpika, and letter archaic II (total 5 characters) will be added to '''Tulu-Tigalari'''. (U+113CB, U+113D9-U+113DB)<!--target: 19.0--> * Newa Letter Heavy Ya (total 1 character) will be added to '''Newa'''. (U+11462) * Dogra Signs Candrabindu and Avaragha (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Dogra'''. (U+1183C-U+1183D)<!--target: 19.0--> * Devanagari Jivamuliya and Upadhmaniya (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0B-U+11B0C)<!--target: 19.0--> * White Ideographic Comma and Double Ideographic Full Stop (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE5-U+16FE6)<!--target: 19.0--> * Alchemical Symbol for Calx-2 and Alchemical Symbol for Retort-2 (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED1, U+1CED5)<!--target: 19.0--> * Musical Symbol down arrowhead breath mark (total 1 character) will be added to '''Musical Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1D282) * Small w with palatal hook, small n and r with double middle tilde, small capital i with retroflex hook, small open q, x with stroke, small wavy y, schwa with right hook, Romance dialectology symbols, zh ligature, Albanian letter edhe, Albanian Frashëri letters, Modifier letter capital y, and modifier letter accents (total 26 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF82-U+1DF8F, U+1DF97-U+1DFA3, U+1DFC4-U+1DFCC)<!--1DF82-1DF8A, 1DFC5-1DFCC target: 19.0--> *Arabic Astronomical zero and five astronomical symbols (total 6 characters) will be added to Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols (U+1EEE0-U+1EEE5) ==Roadmap Blocks== This is a section where proportional maps of proposed allocations to Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 are presented. Italic indicates scripts for which detailed proposals have not yet been written.<ref>[https://unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/]</ref> * '''Northern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10200-U+1023F) * '''Southern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10240-U+1027F) * '''''Shavian Quikscript''' (U+103E0-U+103FF)'' * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended-A''' (U+107C0-U+107FF) * '''Proto-Sinaitic''' (U+108B0-U+108DF) * '''''Numidian''' (U+10960-U+1097F)'' * '''Balti''' (U+10AA0-U+10ABF) * '''Book Pahlavi''' (U+10BB0-U+10BDF) * '''Baburi''' (U+10BE0-U+10BFF) * '''Arabic Extended-D''' (U+10D90-U+10E5F) * '''Landa''' (U+11250-U+1127F) * '''Tani Lipi''' (U+114E0-U+114FF) * '''Ranjana''' (U+11500-U+1157F) * '''Zou''' (U+11750-U+117AF) * '''Pyu''' (U+117B0-U+117FF) * '''Vateluttu''' (U+11960-U+1199F) * '''Balti-B''' (U+11CC0-U+11CFF) * '''Tocharian''' (U+11E00-U+11E6F) * '''Khotanese''' (U+11E70-U+11ECF) * '''Pallava''' (U+11F60-U+11FAF) * '''''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-B''' (U+14680-U+151FF)'' * '''Mayan Hieroglyphs''' (U+15500-U+15AFF) * '''Kore Sebeli''' (U+15B00-U+15B6F) * '''Mandombe''' (U+15B80-U+15FFF) * '''Wei Rma''' (U+16000-U+1604F) * '''Wagindara''' (U+16050-U+1607F) * '''Kurukh Banna''' (U+16140-U+1618F) * '''Moon''' (U+161A0-U+161FF) * '''Blissymbols''' (U+16200-U+167FF) * '''Woleai''' (U+16B90-U+16BFF) * '''Kpelle''' (U+16C00-U+16C7F) * '''Tikamuli''' (U+16C80-U+16CBF) * '''Tangsa (Khimhun)''' (U+16CD0-U+16CFF) * '''Afaka''' (U+16D00-U+16D3F) * '''Kulitan''' (U+16DD0-U+16DFF) * '''''Bopomofo Extended-A''' (U+16FA0-U+16FAF)'' * '''Kanbun Extended-A''' (U+16FB0-U+16FDF) * '''Khitan Large Script''' (U+19200-U+199FF) * '''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''' (U+19E00-U+1A2FF) * '''Eskaya''' (U+1A300-U+1A75F) * '''Rejang Extended''' (U+1A760-U+1A77F) * '''''Kaida''''' (U+1A780-U+1A7FF) * '''Naxi Dongba''' (U+1A800-U+1ACFF) * '''''Naxi Geba''' (U+1AD00-U+1AFCF)'' * '''''Kana Extended-C''' (U+1AFD0-U+1AFEF)'' * '''Shuishu Logograms''' (U+1B300-U+1B5FF) * '''Lisu Syllabic Script''' (U+1B600-U+1B9FF) * '''Indus''' (U+1BA00-U+1BB8F) * '''Pitman Shorthand''' (U+1BCB0-U+1BCFF) * '''Proto-Elamite''' (U+1BE00-U+1C37F) * '''Linear Elamite''' (U+1C380-U+1C4FF) * '''Ndiko Jonam''' (U+1CB30-U+1CB7F) * '''N<nowiki>'</nowiki>ti''' (U+1CB80-U+1CBAF) * '''Old Chinese Musical Symbols (Flute and Pipa)''' (U+1D290-U+1D2BF) * '''''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D380-U+1D3FF)'' * '''Jianzi Format Controls''' (U+1DAE0-U+1DAFF) * '''Eebee Hmong''' (U+1E150-U+1E1FF) * '''Western Cham''' (U+1E200-U+1E26F) * '''Loma''' (U+1E300-U+1E41F) * '''Bagam''' (U+1E420-U+1E4CF) * '''Pungchen''' (U+1E500-U+1E52F) * '''''Pungchung''' (U+1E530-U+1E55F)'' * '''''Marchung''' (U+1E560-U+1E59F)'' * '''Brusha''' (U+1E5A0-U+1E5CF) * '''''Chola''' (U+1E600-U+1E65F)'' * '''Box-Headed''' (U+1E660-U+1E6BF) * '''Lampung''' (U+1E700-U+1E73F) * '''Kerinci''' (U+1E740-U+1E76F) * '''Buginese Supplement''' (U+1E770-U+1E7BF) * '''''Lontara Bilang-Bilang''' (U+1E7C0-U+1E7DF)'' * '''N'Ko Supplement''' (U+1E960-1E97F) * '''''Byblos''''' (U+1EB90-U+1EBFF) * '''Persian Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC00-U+1EC7F) * '''Diwani Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ECC0-U+1ECFF) * '''''Extended Pictographic Characters''' (U+1FC00-U+1FFFF)'' == References == {{reflist}} 1i9rblsqy961eqw4rk0ujzk2c9679vy 4673599 4673598 2026-10-02T10:55:03Z ILYA125467 3627024 /* Roadmap Blocks */ Removed Arabic Extended-D, as it's provisionally assigned. 4673599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Unicode page}} {{TOC right}} {{refimprove|date=June 2017}} This page is about each version specification, and the differences between the versions. == Unicode 1.0 == Unicode 1.0 was the first version of Unicode, released October 1991. It encoded 7,094 new characters. === “Blocks” === This version of Unicode did not formally group characters in blocks. But in comparison with version 2.0, the following “blocks” were available: U+0000-U+FFFD 51 Blocks * '''Basic Latin (formerly called ASCII)''' (U+0000-U+007F), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin-1 Supplement (formerly called Latin1)''' (U+0080-U+00FF), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin Extended-A''' '''(formerly called European Latin)''' (U+0100-U+017F), containing 127 characters. * '''Latin Extended-B''' '''(formerly called Extended Latin)''' (U+0180-U+01FF), containing 113 characters. * '''IPA Extensions''' '''(formerly called Standard Phonetic)''' (U+0250-U+02AF), containing 89 characters. * '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' '''(formerly called Modifier Letters)''' (U+02B0-U+02FF), containing 57 characters. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' '''(formerly called Generic Diacritical Marks)''' (U+0300-U+036F), containing 66 characters. * '''Greek and Coptic''' '''(formerly called Greek)''' (U+0370-U+03FF), containing 112 characters. * '''Cyrillic''' (U+0400-U+04FF), containing 192 characters. * '''Armenian''' (U+0530-U+058F), containing 84 characters. * '''Hebrew''' (U+0590-U+05FF), containing 52 characters. * '''Arabic''' (U+0600-U+06FF), containing 169 characters. * '''Devanagari''' (U+0900-U+097F), containing 104 characters. * '''Bengali''' (U+0980-U+09FF), containing 89 characters. * '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A00-U+0A7F), containing 74 characters. * '''Gujarati''' (U+0A80-U+0AFF), containing 75 characters. * '''Oriya''' (U+0B00-U+0B7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Tamil''' (U+0B80-U+0BFF), containing 61 characters. * '''Telugu''' (U+0C00-U+0C7F), containing 80 characters. * '''Kannada''' (U+0C80-U+0CFF), containing 80 characters. * '''Malayalam''' (U+0D00-U+0D7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Thai''' (U+0E00-U+0E7F), containing 92 characters. * '''Lao''' (U+0E80-U+0EFF), containing 70 characters. * '''Tibetan''' (U+1000-U+105F), containing 71 characters. * '''Georgian''' (U+10A0-U+10FF), containing 78 characters. * '''General Punctuation''' (U+2000-U+206F), containing 67 characters. * '''Superscripts and Subscripts''' (U+2070-U+209F), containing 28 characters. * '''Currency Symbols''' (U+20A0-U+20CF), containing 11 characters. * '''Combining Marks for Symbols''' '''(formerly called Diacritical Marks for Symbols)''' (U+20D0-U+20FF), containing 18 characters. * '''Letterlike Symbols''' (U+2100-U+214F), containing 57 characters. * '''Number Forms''' (U+2150-U+218F), containing 48 characters. * '''Arrows''' (U+2190-U+21FF), containing 91 characters. * '''Mathematical Operators''' (U+2200-U+22FF), containing 242 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Technical''' (U+2300-U+23FF), containing 43 characters. * '''Control Pictures''' '''(formerly called Pictures for Control Codes)''' (U+2400-U+243F), containing 37 characters. * '''Optical Character Recognition''' (U+2440-U+245F), containing 11 characters. * '''Enclosed Alphanumerics''' (U+2460-U+24FF), containing 139 characters. * '''Box Drawing''' '''(formerly called Form and Chart Components)''' (U+2500-U+257F), containing 128 characters. * '''Block Elements''' '''(formerly called Blocks)''' (U+2580-U+259F), containing 22 characters. * '''Geometric Shapes''' (U+25A0-U+25FF), containing 79 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols''' '''(formerly called Miscellaneous Dingbats)''' (U+2600-U+26FF), containing 106 characters. * '''Dingbats''' '''(formerly called Zapf Dingbats)''' (U+2700-U+27BF), containing 160 characters. * '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3000-U+303F), containing 56 characters. * '''Hiragana''' (U+3040-U+309F), containing 90 characters. * '''Katakana''' (U+30A0-U+30FF), containing 90 characters. * '''Bopomofo''' (U+3100-U+312F), containing 40 characters. * '''Hangul Compatibility Jamo (formerly called Hangul Elements)''' (U+3130-U+318F), containing 94 characters. * '''Kanbun (formerly called CJK Miscellaneous)''' (U+3190-U+31FF), containing 16 characters. * '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' '''(formerly called''' '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Ideographs)''' (U+3200-U+32FF), containing 191 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility''' '''(formerly called CJK Squared Words for U+3300-U+337F and CJK Squared Abbreviations for U+3380-33FF)''' (U+3300-U+33FF), containing 187 characters. * '''Hangul''' (U+3400-U+3D2D), containing 2,350 characters. * '''Private Use Area''' (U+E800-U+FDFF), reserved for 5,632 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility Forms''' '''(formerly called CNS 11643 Compatibility)''' (U+FE30-U+FE4F), containing 28 characters. * '''Small Form Variants''' '''(formerly called Small Variants)''' (U+FE50-U+FE6F), containing 26 characters. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B''' '''(formerly called Basic Glyphs for Arabic Language)''' (U+FE70-U+FEFF), containing 140 characters. * '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms''' '''(formerly called Halfwidth and Fullwidth Variants)''' (U+FF00-U+FFEF), containing 216 characters. * '''Specials''' '''(formerly called Special)''' (U+FFF0-U+FFFF), containing 1 character. == Unicode 1.0.1 == Unicode 1.0.1 was released June 1992. It encoded 28,292 characters, adding 21,204 new characters and removing 6 characters, for a net increase of 21,198 characters. === New blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs''' (U+4E00-U+9FFF), containing 20,902 Han Ideographs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs''' (U+F900-U+FAFF), containing 302 Han Ideographs for compatibility with existing character sets, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. === Extended blocks === * Some more space (total 2048 characters) was added to the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+E000-U+E7FF) === Removed blocks === * '''Tibetan''', containing 71 letters for the Tibetan script, was removed from the Unicode standard as the US, UK, and China couldn't agree on an encoding method. === Removed characters === * Lowercase historic letters and unified diacritical marks (total 7 characters) were removed from '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0371-U+0372, U+0384, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF, and U+03E1). U+0371 was unified with U+0314, U+0372 with U+0313, and U+0384 with U+030D. * Letters Ka and Kha with Ogonek (total 4 characters) were removed from '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04C5-U+04C6 and U+04C9-U+04CA) * APL Compose Operator and APL Out (total 2 characters) were removed from '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300-U+2301) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Thai'''. (U+0E70-U+0E74) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Lao'''. (U+0EF0-U+0EF4) * An Ideographic Ditto Mark (total 1 character) was removed from '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3004) and merged with U+4EDD. * Some space (total 1536 characters) was removed from the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+F900-U+FDFF) === Rearranged blocks=== *'''Circled Katakana:''' ''The characters will be arranged in modern order: e.g., A, I, U, E, O, KA, KI'' (U+32D0-U+32FE) *'''Basic Glyphs For Arabic Language:''' ''The character shapes will be arranged in different order: Isolate, Final, Initial and Medial'' (U+FE80-FEFC) === Rearranged characters === * Non-spacing diaeresis tonos was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0385) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0344) * Non-spacing iota below was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0370) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0345). * Greek question mark was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D7 to U+037E. * Numeral signs were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D8-U+03D9 to U+0374-U+0375. * Spacing tonos and diaeresis tonos were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F3-U+03F4 to U+0384-U+0385. * Spacing iota below was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F5 to U+037A. * Point Varika was moved from '''Hebrew''' (U+05F5) to the new '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' block. (U+FB1E) * Japanese Industrial Standard symbol (〄) was moved from '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' (U+32FF) to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3004) === Characters with semantics changed === *'''Zero Width Non-Joiner''' [ZWNJ] (U+20DC) *'''Zero Width Joiner''' [ZWJ] (U+20DD) == Unicode 1.1 == Unicode 1.1 was released June 1993. It encoded 34,168 characters, adding 5,969 new characters and removing 93 characters, for a net increase of 5,876 characters. It finalized the long anticipated Han Unification. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Jamo''' (U+1100-U+11FF), containing 240 ''jamo'' for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Latin Extended Additional''' (U+1E00-U+1EFF), containing 245 precomposed characters for transliteration and Vietnamese, was added. * '''Greek Extended''' (U+1F00-U+1FFF), containing 233 precomposed characters for polytonic Greek, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''' (U+3D2E-U+44B7), containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''' (U+44B8-U+4DFF), containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A''' (U+FB50-U+FDFF), containing 593 combinations of Arabic letters, was added. * '''Combining Half Marks''' (U+FE20-U+FE2F), containing 4 halves of diacritical marks, was added. === Extended blocks === * The long S (ſ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-A'''. (U+017F) * The Hungarian Dz, characters for transliteration purposes and precomposed characters with double grave and inverted breve (total 35 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B''' (U+01F1-U+01F5 and U+01FA-U+0217). The block was expanded from (U+0180-U+01FF) to (U+0180-U+024F) * Diacritics for polytonic Greek and double width diacritics (total 6 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0342-U+0345 and U+0360-U+0361) * Compatibility character now deprecated, Ano Teleia, and letter jot (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0387 and U+03F3). * Additional characters for non-Slavic languages (total 38 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04D0-U+04EB, U+04EE-U+04F5 and U+04F8-U+04F9) * A ligature of Ech and Yiwn (և) (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0587) * One deprecated compatibility character and several characters for biblical texts (total 25 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066D and U+06D6-U+06ED) * A sign Virama (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A4D). * Letters Candra O and E (total 3 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8D, U+0A91 and U+0AC9) * An Ai Length mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B56) * An undertie, a pair of brackets and six formatting characters now deprecated (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+203F, U+2045-U+2046 and U+206A-U+206F) * Some additional symbols and the complete set of APL functional symbols (total 79 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300 and U+232D-U+237A) * A large circle (◯) (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25EF) * The ideographic telegraph line feed separator symbol (〷) (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3037) * Four Katakana letters not in use since 1945 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30F7-U+30FA) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for the twelve months (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32C0-U+32CB) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for hours and days and six additional measure units (total 62 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3358-U+3376 and U+33E0-U+33FE) * Precomposed characters and ligatures (total 56 characters) were added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB06, U+FB13-U+FB17, U+FB1F-U+FB36, U+FB38-U+FB3C, U+FB3E, U+FB40-U+FB41, U+FB43-U+FB44 and U+FB46-U+FB4F). * Seven halfwidth geometric shapes (total 7 characters) were added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FFE8-U+FFEE) == Unicode 2.0 == Unicode 2.0 was released July 1996. It encoded 38,885 characters, adding 11,373 new characters and removing 6,656 characters, for a net increase of 4,717 characters. This was the first Unicode version to reserve blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Syllables''' (U+AC00-U+D7AF), containing 11,172 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''High Surrogates''' (U+D800-U+DB7F), setting aside 896 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''High Private Use Surrogates''' (U+DB80-U+DBFF), setting aside 128 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Low Surrogates''' (U+DC00-U+DFFF), setting aside 1,024 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-A''' (U+F0000-U+FFFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-B''' (U+100000-U+10FFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. === Reinstated blocks === * '''Tibetan''' (U+0F00-U+0FFF), now containing 168 characters for the Tibetan script including religious signs, was readded. === Removed blocks === * '''Hangul''', containing 2,350 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''', containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''', containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. === Extended blocks === * Cantillation marks for use in religious texts (total 31 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+0591-U+05A1, U+05A3-U+05AF and U+05C4) * A long S with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9B) * A Vietnamese Dong sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AB) == Unicode 2.1 == Unicode 2.1 was released May 1998. It encoded 38,887 characters, adding only 2 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Euro sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AC) * An Object Replacement Character (total 1 character) was added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFFC) == Unicode 3.0 == Unicode 3.0 was released September 1999. It was a big update and encoded 49,194 characters, adding 10,307 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac''' (U+0700-U+074F), containing 71 characters used for writing in Syriac script, was added. * '''Thaana''' (U+0780-U+07BF), containing 49 characters used for writing in Thaana script, was added. * '''Sinhala''' (U+0D80-U+0DFF), containing 80 characters for the Sinhala script, was added. * '''Myanmar''' (U+1000-U+109F), containing 78 characters for the Burmese script, was added. * '''Ethiopic''' (U+1200-U+137F), containing 345 syllables and punctuation marks for the Ethiopic script, was added. * '''Cherokee''' (U+13A0-U+13FF), containing 85 syllables for the Cherokee script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics''' (U+1400-U+167F), containing 630 syllables and punctuation marks for writing in indigenous languages of Canada, was added. * '''Ogham''' (U+1680-U+169F), containing 29 characters for the ancient Ogham script, was added. * '''Runic''' (U+16A0-U+16FF), containing 81 characters for the Germanic runes, was added. * '''Khmer''' (U+1780-U+17FF), containing 103 characters for the Khmer script, was added. * '''Mongolian''' (U+1800-U+18AF), containing 155 characters for the classical Mongolian script, was added. * '''Braille Patterns''' (U+2800-U+28FF), containing 256 Braille letters, was added. * '''CJK Radicals Supplement''' (U+2E80-U+2EFF), containing 115 non-Kangxi radicals, was added. * '''Kangxi Radicals''' (U+2F00-U+2FDF), containing 214 radicals from the Kangxi dictionary, was added. * '''Ideographic Description Characters''' (U+2FF0-U+2FFF), containing 12 characters used to describe a Han ideograph not available in the font, was added. * '''Bopomofo Extended''' (U+31A0-U+31BF), containing 24 characters used for phonetic transcription of minority languages of Taiwan, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A''' (U+3400-U+4DBF), containing 6,582 additional Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Yi Syllables''' (U+A000-U+A48F), containing 1,165 syllables of the modern Yi script, was added. * '''Yi Radicals''' (U+A490-U+A4CF), containing 50 radicals of Yi Syllables, was added. === Extended blocks === * Additional precomposed characters, letters and capital letters of lowercase-only letters (total 30 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+01F6-U+01F9, U+0218-U+021F and U+0222-U+0233) * Extensions for disordered speech (total 5 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02A9-U+02AD) * Some additional modifier letters (total 6 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02DF and U+02EA-U+02EE) * Additional combining diacritics for IPA (total 10 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0346-U+034E and U+0362) * Lowercase versions of archaic letters and the Kai symbol (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D7, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF and U+03E1) * Nonstandard letters for Macedonian, combining numeral signs and three letters for Kildin Sami (total 12 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0400, U+040D, U+0450, U+045D, U+0488-U+0489, U+048C-U+048F and U+04EC-U+04ED) * A Hyphen (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058A) * Combining hamza and maddah and nine additional Arabic characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0653-U+0655, U+06B8-U+06B9, U+06BF, U+06CF and U+06FA-U+06FE) * Additional letters and religious symbols (total 25 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6A, U+0F96, U+0FAE-U+0FB0, U+0FB8, U+0FBA-U+0FBC, U+0FBE-U+0FCC and U+0FCF) * A narrow no-break space and 6 additional punctuation marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+202F and U+2048-U+204D) * The Kip, Tugrik and Drachma sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AD-U+20AF) * An enclosing screen and an enclosing key (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E2-U+20E3) * The information symbol and a rotated Q (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+2139-U+213A) * A mirrored Roman capital numeral hundred (Ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2183) * Some additional arrows (total 9 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21EB-U+21F3) * Some additional technical symbols, including common keys on a 101 keyboard (total 33 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2301, U+237B and U+237D-U+239A) * Two additional control pictures (total 2 characters) were added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2425-U+2426) * Squares and circles with quadrants (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F0-U+25F7) * Two Syriac crosses and a signature mark (total 3 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2619 and U+2670-U+2671) * Three Hangzhou numerals and a variation indicator (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3038-U+303A and U+303E) * A ligature Yod with Hiriq (יִ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms'''. (U+FB1D) * Three additional control characters for ruby markup (total 3 characters) were added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFF9-U+FFFB) == Unicode 3.1 == Unicode 3.1 was released March 2001. It encoded 94,140 characters, adding 44,946 new characters, and mainly focused on blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Old Italic''' (U+10300-U+1032F), containing 35 letters for the Etruscan script, was added. * '''Gothic''' (U+10330-U+1034F), containing 27 letters for the Gothic script, was added. * '''Deseret''' (U+10400-U+1044F), containing 76 letters for the constructed Deseret script, was added. * '''Byzantine Musical Symbols''' (U+1D000-U+1D0FF), containing 246 symbols for musical notation in Byzantine, was added. * '''Musical Symbols''' (U+1D100-U+1D1FF), containing 219 characters for current musical notation, was added. * '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols''' (U+1D400-U+1D7FF), containing 991 Latin and Greek letters in serif, sans-serif, bold, italic, double-struck, script and Fraktur/Blackletter, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B''' (U+20000-U+2A6DF), containing 42,711 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement''' (U+2F800-U+2FA1F), containing 542 additional Chinese Ideographs for compatibility purposes, was added. * '''Tags''', containing 97 language tags, was added. (U+E0000-U+E007F) === Extended noncharacters === * The Noncharacters range: U+FDD0..U+FDEF were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. === Extended blocks === * The capital Theta symbol and the Lunate Epsilon symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F4-U+03F5) === Characters and Scripts Under Investigation or Rejected === * Khmer Sign Laak Was Rejected. (U+17DD) From '''Khmer.''' * Georgian Letter U-Brjuu Was Rejected. From '''Georgian.''' == Unicode 3.2 == Unicode 3.2 was released March 2002. It encoded 95,156 characters, adding 1,016 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Supplementary (now Cyrillic Supplement)''' (U+0500-U+052F), containing 16 characters used for the Komi language, was added. * '''Tagalog''' (U+1700-U+171F), containing 20 characters for the Baybayin script, was added. * '''Hanunoo''' (U+1720-U+173F), containing 23 characters and punctuation for the Hanunó'o script, was added. * '''Buhid''' (U+1740-U+175F), containing 20 characters for the Buhid script, was added. * '''Tagbanwa''' (U+1760-U+177F), containing 18 characters for the Tagbanwa script, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A''' (U+27C0-U+27EF), containing 28 symbols used in math notation, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-A''' (U+27F0-U+27FF), containing 16 additional arrows, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-B''' (U+2900-U+297F), containing 128 special arrows, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B''' (U+2980-U+29FF), containing 128 additional mathematical symbols, was added. * '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators''' (U+2A00-U+2AFF), containing 256 additional mathematical operators, was added. * '''Katakana Phonetic Extensions''' (U+31F0-U+31FF), containing 16 Katakana letters used for Ainu, was added. * '''Variation Selectors''' (U+FE00-U+FE0F), containing 16 symbols used for indicating variations, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter N with Long Right Leg (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0220) * The combining grapheme joiner and combining Latin letters used in medieval texts (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+034F and U+0363-U+036F) * The Qoppa and a reversed lunate epsilon symbol (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D8-U+03D9 and U+03F6) * Four additional letters used for the Kildin Sami language (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+048A-U+048B, U+04C5-U+04C6, U+04C9-U+04CA and U+04CD-U+04CE) * A dotless Beh and a dotless Qaf (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066E-U+066F) * A Letter for Addu dialect (total 1 character) was added to '''Thaana'''. (U+07B1) * The letters Yn and Elifi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F7-U+10F8) * Some additional punctuation marks and control characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2047, U+204E-U+2052, U+2057 and U+205F-U+2063) * A superscript letter I (total 1 character) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2071) * German Penny and Peso sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B0-U+20B1) * Some additional combining characters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E4-U+20EA) * Some double-struck and reversed/turned letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213D-U+214B) * Some additional arrows (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21F4-U+21FF) * Some additional mathematical operators (total 14 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Operators'''. (U+22F2-U+22FF) * Variable-width and additional symbols (total 53 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+237C and U+239B-U+23CE) * Black and double circled numerals (total 20 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. U+24EB-U+24FE) * Quadrant elements (total 10 characters) were added to '''Block Elements'''. (U+2596-U+259F) * Some additional triangles and squares (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F8-U+25FF) * Shogi pieces ,recycling symbols, dices and dotted circles (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2616-U+2617, U+2672-U+267D and U+2680-U+2689) * Additional parenthesis (total 14 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2768-U+2775) * Three additional marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+303B-U+303D) * A digraph and two additional characters (total 3 characters) were added to '''Hiragana'''. (U+3095-U+3096 and U+309F) * A digraph and a double hyphen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30A0 and U+30FF) * Additional circled numerals (total 30 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3251-U+325F and U+32B1-U+32BF * Five missing radicals (total 5 characters) were added to '''Yi Radicals'''. (U+A4A2-U+A4A3, U+A4B4, U+A4C1, U+A4C5) * Additional compatibility characters (total 59 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA30-U+FA6A) * A Rial sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFC) * Two sesame dots (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE45-U+FE46) * A tail fragment (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B'''. (U+FE73) * A pair of double parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FF5F-U+FF60) == Unicode 4.0 == Unicode 4.0 was released April 2003. It encoded 96,382 characters, adding 1,226 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Limbu''' (U+1900-U+194F), containing 66 characters for the Limbu abugida, was added. * '''Tai Le''' (U+1950-U+197F), containing 35 letters for the Tai Le script, was added. * '''Khmer Symbols''' (U+19E0-U+19FF), containing 32 symbols for the lunar calendar, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions''' (U+1D00-U+1D7F), containing 108 letters used in phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows''' (U+2B00-U+2BFF), containing 14 additional arrows, was added. * '''Yijing Hexagram Symbols''' (U+4DC0-U+4DFF), containing 64 hexagrams, was added. * '''Linear B Syllabary''' (U+10000-U+1007F), containing 88 syllables of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Linear B Ideograms''' (U+10080-U+100FF), containing 123 ideograms of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Aegean Numbers''' (U+10100-U+1013F), containing 57 numerals used in the Aegean area, was added. * '''Ugaritic''' (U+10380-U+1039F), containing 31 characters used in Ugaritic cuneiform, was added. * '''Shavian''' (U+10450-U+1047F), containing 48 letters used for the artificial Shavian script, was added. * '''Osmanya''' (U+10480-U+104AF), containing 40 characters used in the artificial Osmanya script, was added. * '''Cypriot Syllabary''' (U+10800-U+1083F), containing 55 characters formerly used on Cyprus, was added. * '''Tai Xuan Jing Symbols''' (U+1D300-U+1D35F), containing 87 symbols of Tai Xuan Jing, was added. * '''Variation Selectors Supplement''' (U+E0100-U+E01EF), containing 240 additional variation selectors, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters with curl used in Sinology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0221 and U+0234-U+0236) * Former IPA letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02AE-U+02AF) * Some additional characters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02EF-U+02FF) * Additional combining double-width diacritics and diacritics corresponding to their spacing equivalent (total 11 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0350-U+0357 and U+035D-U+035F) * The archaic letters Sho and San and the capital Lunate Sigma (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F7-U+03FB) * Some additional markers, biblical signs, and letters with inverted V (total 19 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0600-U+0603, U+060D-U+0615, U+0656-U+0658, U+06EE-U+06EF and U+06FF) * Letters used for foreign words from Persian and Sogdian (total 6 characters) were added to '''Syriac'''. (U+072D-U+072F and U+074D-U+074F) * The short A (ऄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0904) * The Avagraha sign (ঽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09BD) * The Adak Bindi and Visarga signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A01 and U+0A03) * The vocalic l and ll and the Rupee sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8C and U+0AF1-U+0AF3) * The letters Va and Wa (total 2 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B35 and U+0B71) * Additional signs for date and finance environments (total 8 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BF3-U+0BFA) * The Nukta and Avagraha signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CBC-U+0CBD) * Some symbols and signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Khmer'''. (U+17DD and U+17F0-U+17F9) * An inverted undertie and a swung dash (total 2 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2053-U+2054) * The facsimile sign (℻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213B) * The eject symbol and a vertical line (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23CF-U+23D0) * A black circled digit zero (⓿) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. (U+24FF) * Monograms and diagrams, flags, warning and weather symbols and a cup of tea (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2614-U+2615, U+268A-U+2691 and U+26A0-U+26A1) * Additional parenthesized and circled Korean characters and supplemental signs (total 9 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+321D-U+321E, U+3250, U+327C-U+327D and U+32CC-U+32CF) * Additional measure units (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3377-U+337A, U+33DE-U+33DF and U+33FF) * An additional Arabic sign (﷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFD) * A pair of vertical parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE47-U+FE48) * The letters Oi and Ew (total 4 characters) were added to '''Deseret'''. (U+10426-U+10427 and U+1044E-U+1044F) * A small script l (ℓ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D4C1) == Unicode 4.1 == Unicode 4.1 was released on March 31st, 2005. It encoded 97,655 characters, adding 1,273 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Supplement''' (U+0750-U+077F), containing 30 characters for various languages written with the Arabic script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Supplement''' (U+1380-U+139F), containing 26 characters and signs for Sebatbeit, was added. * '''New Tai Lue''' (U+1980-U+19DF), containing 80 characters for the New Tai Lue script, was added. * '''Buginese''' (U+1A00-U+1A1F), containing 30 characters for the Lontara script, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions Supplement''' (U+1D80-U+1DBF), containing 64 additional letters for phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement''' (U+1DC0-U+1DFF), containing 4 additional diacritics, was added. * '''Glagolitic''' (U+2C00-U+2C5F), containing 94 characters for the Glagolitic script, was added. * '''Coptic''' (U+2C80-U+2CFF), containing 114 characters for the Coptic script, was added. * '''Georgian Supplement''' (U+2D00-U+2D2F), containing 38 Nuskhuri letters, was added. * '''Tifinagh''' (U+2D30-U+2D7F), containing 55 characters for the Tifinagh script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended''' (U+2D80-U+2DDF), containing 79 additional Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Supplemental Punctuation''' (U+2E00-U+2E7F), containing 26 additional punctuation marks, was added. * '''CJK Strokes''' (U+31C0-U+31CF), containing 16 strokes for Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Modifier Tone Letters''' (U+A700-U+A71F), containing 23 letters for Chinese tones, was added. * '''Syloti Nagri''' (U+A800-U+A82F), containing 44 characters for the Syloti Nagri abugida, was added. * '''Vertical Forms''' (U+FE10-U+FE1F), containing 10 punctuation marks suited for vertical text, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Numbers''' (U+10140-U+1018F), containing 75 numerals and signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. * '''Old Persian''' (U+103A0-U+103DF), containing 50 characters for Old Persian cuneiform, was added. * '''Kharoshthi''' (U+10A00-U+10A5F), containing 65 characters for the Kharoshthi abugida, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Musical Notation''' (U+1D200-U+1D24F), containing 70 musical signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Sencoten, digraphs, letters with swash tail and other additions (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0237-U+0241) * Additional diacritics for transliteration (total 5 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0358-U+035C) * Rho with stroke, reversed and dotted Lunate Sigma (total 4 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03FC-U+03FF) * Ghe with descender (Ӷ) (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04F6-U+04F7) * An additional biblical mark and some punctuation marks (total 4 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05A2 and U+05C5-U+05C7) * Additional biblical marks, punctuation marks and the Afghani sign (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+060B, U+061E, and U+0659-U+065E) * A glottal stop (ॽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097D) * The Khanda Ta letter (ৎ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09CE) * The letter Sha and the digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BB6 and U+0BE6) * Two marks used in Bhutan (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD0-U+0FD1) * Two letters and a modifier letter (total 3 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F9-U+10FA and U+10FC) * Some additional syllables (total 11 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+1207, U+1247, U+1287, U+12AF, U+12CF, U+12EF, U+130F, U+131F, U+1347, U+135F, and U+1360) * Additional phonetic symbols (total 20 characters) were added to '''Phonetic Extensions'''. (U+1D6C-U+1D7F) * A flower and dot punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2055-U+2056 and U+2058-U+205E) * Additional subscript letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2090-U+2094) * The Guarani, Austral, Hryvnia and Cedi signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B2-U+20B5) * A combining long double solidus (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EB) * The per sign and a double-struck letter Pi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213C and U+214C) * Metrical and electrical signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23D1-U+23DB) * Additional gender and map symbols (total 30 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2618, U+267E-U+267F, U+2692-U+269C, and U+26A2-U+26B1) * Some additional mathematical symbols (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C0-U+27C6) * Additional arrows and squares (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B0E-U+2B1D) * A circled Hangul character (㉾) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+327E) * Additional Han Ideographs (total 22 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FA6-U+9FBB) * Additional Compatibility Ideographs (total 106 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA70-U+FAD9) * Italic dotless small i and j (total 2 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D6A4-U+1D6A5) == Unicode 5.0 == Unicode 5.0 was released on July 14th, 2006. It encoded 99,024 characters, adding 1,369 new characters. === New blocks === * '''N'Ko''' (U+07C0-U+07FF), containing 59 characters for the N'Ko script, was added. * '''Balinese''' (U+1B00-U+1B7F), containing 121 characters and musical signs for the Balinese abugida, was added. * '''Latin Extended-C''' (U+2C60-U+2C7F), containing 17 letters for various languages, was added. * '''Latin Extended-D''' (U+A720-U+A7FF), containing 2 characters for UPA, was added. * '''Phags-pa''' (U+A840-U+A87F), containing 56 characters for the Phags-pa script, was added. * '''Phoenician''' (U+10900-U+1091F), containing 27 letters and numerals for the Phoenician script, was added. * '''Cuneiform''' (U+12000-U+123FF), containing 879 signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation''' (U+12400-U+1247F), containing 103 numerals and punctuation signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Counting Rod Numerals''' (U+1D360-U+1D37F), containing 18 numerals used with counting rods, was added. === Extended blocks === * Various letters used mainly for aboriginal languages (total 14 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0242-U+024F) * Lowercase lunate sigma symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037B-U+037D) * Lowercase palochka and 3 letters used in Nivkh (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04CF and U+04FA-U+04FF) * Two letters used in Khanty and other languages (total 4 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0510-U+0513) * A specific point meant for Vav (total 1 character) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05BA) * Four letters used in Sindhi (total 4 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097B-U+097C and U+097E-U+097F) * Four letters used in Sanskrit (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CE2-U+0CE3 and U+0CF1-U+0CF2) * Additional IPA diacritics (total 9 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DC4-U+1DCA) * Four combining arrows (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EC-U+20EF) * A danish symbol and a lowercase turned F (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214D-U+214E) * A lowercase reversed C (ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2184) * Vertical parenthesis, geometric forms and electrical symbols (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23DC-U+23E7) * A neuter symbol (⚲) (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26B2) * Four additional mathematical symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C7-U+27CA) * Additional squares, pentagons and hexagons (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B14-U+2B1A and U+2B20-U+2B23) * Four additional tone letters used in Chinantec (total 4 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A717-U+A71A) * Bold Digamma (𝟊/'''Ϝ''') (total 2 characters) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D7CA-U+1D7CB) == Unicode 5.1 == Unicode 5.1 was released on April 4th, 2008. It encoded 100,648 characters, adding 1,624 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Sundanese''' (U+1B80-U+1BBF), containing 55 letters for Sundanese script, was added. * '''Lepcha''' (U+1C00-U+1C4F), containing 74 letters for Lepcha script, was added. * '''Ol Chiki''' (U+1C50-U+1C7F), containing 48 letters for Ol Chiki script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-A''' (U+2DE0-U+2DFF), containing 32 letters for combining Cyrillic letters, was added. * '''Vai''' (U+A500-U+A63F), containing 300 letters for Vai script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-B''' (U+A640-U+A69F), containing 78 letters for additional Cyrillic characters, was added. * '''Saurashtra''' (U+A880-U+A8DF), containing 81 letters for Saurashtra script, was added. * '''Kayah Li''' (U+A900-U+A92F), containing 48 letters for Kayah languages, was added. * '''Rejang''' (U+A930-U+A95F), containing 37 letters for Rejang script, was added. * '''Cham''' (U+AA00-U+AA5F), containing 83 letters for Cham script, was added. * '''Ancient Symbols''' (U+10190-U+101CF), containing 12 characters for weights and measures and other ancient symbols, was added. * '''Phaistos Disc''' (U+101D0-U+101FF), containing 46 hieroglyphs for Phaistos, was added. * '''Lycian''' (U+10280-U+1029F), containing 29 letters for Lycian script, was added. * '''Carian''' (U+102A0-U+102DF), containing 49 letters for Carian script, was added. * '''Lydian''' (U+10920-U+1093F), containing 27 letters for Lydian script, was added. * '''Mahjong Tiles''' (U+1F000-U+1F02F), containing 44 mahjong tiles, was added. * '''Domino Tiles''' (U+1F030-U+1F09F), containing 100 domino tiles, was added. === Extended blocks === * Archaic letters and capital kai symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0370-U+0373, U+0375-U+0376 and U+03CF) * Combining Pokrytie (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0487) * Mordvin, Kurdish, Aleut and Chuvash letters (total 16 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0514-U+0523) * Radix symbols, Letterlike, punctuation, Koranic annotation signs and additions for early Persian and Azerbaijani (total 15 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0606-U+060A, U+0616-U+061A and U+063B-U+063F) * Additional letters in Torwali, Burushaski and early Persian (total 18 characters) were added to '''Arabic Supplement'''. (U+076E-U+077F) * High spacing dot and candra a (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0971-U+0972) * Udaat and yakash signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A51 and U+0A75) * Vocalic rr, l and ll (total 3 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B44 and U+0B62-U+0B63) * Om symbol (ௐ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BD0) * Avagraha, additional phonetic letters, vocalic l and ll, fractional signs and tuumu (total 13 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3D, U+0C58-U+0C59, U+0C62-U+0C63 and U+0C78-U+0C7F) * Avagraha, vocalic rr, l and ll, Malayalam numerics and fractions and chillu letters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D3D, U+0D44, U+0D62-U+0D63, U+0D70-U+0D75 and U+0D79-U+0D7F) * Letters for Balti and various symbols (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6B-U+0F6C, U+0FCE and U+0FD2-U+0FD4) * Characters for various languages (total 78 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+1022, U+1028, U+102B, U+1033-U+1035, U+103A-U+103F, U+105A-U+1099 and U+109E-U+109F) * Manchu Ali Gali lha (ᢪ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+18AA) * Miscellaneous combining marks (total 28 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DCB-U+1DE6) * Medievalist latin letters and miscellaneous letters (total 10 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9C-U+1E9F and U+1EFA-U+1EFF) * Invisible plus (+) (total 1 character) was added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2064) * Combining asterisk above ( ⃰)(total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F0) * Symbol for Samaritan Source (⅏) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214F) * Archaic Roman Numerals (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2185-U+2188) * Outlined white star and other signs (total 15 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269D, U+26B3-U+26BC and U+26C0-U+26C3) * Long division and additional mathematical brackets (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CC and U+27EC-U+27EF) * Miscellaneous signs (total 51 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B1B-U+2B1F, U+2B24-U+2B4C, and U+2B50-U+2B54) * Additional Latin letters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C6D-U+2C6F, U+2C71-U+2C73, and U+2C78-U+2C7D) * Additional punctuation (total 23 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E18-U+2E1B and U+2E1E-U+2E30) * Letter ih (ㄭ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312D) * Other strokes (total 20 characters) were added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31D0-U+31E3) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FBC-U+9FC3) * Africanist tone letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A71B-U+A71F) * Miscellaneous letters and symbols (total 112 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A722-U+A78C and U+A7FB-U+A7FF) * Continuous macrons for Coptic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE24-U+FE26) * Musical symbol multiple measure rest (𝄩) (total 1 character) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D129) == Unicode 5.2 == Unicode 5.2 was released on October 1st, 2009. It encoded 107,296 characters, adding 6,648 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Samaritan''' (U+0800-U+083F), containing 61 letters for Samaritan script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended''' (U+18B0-U+18FF), containing 70 syllables for various Cree languages, was added. * '''Tai Tham''' (U+1A20-U+1AAF), containing 127 letters for Tai Tham script, was added. * '''Vedic Extensions''' (U+1CD0-U+1CFF), containing 35 characters for tone marks and signs, was added. * '''Lisu''' (U+A4D0-U+A4FF), containing 48 letters for Lisu (Fraser) script, was added. * '''Bamum''' (U+A6A0-U+A6FF), containing 88 letters for Bamum script, was added. * '''Common Indic Number Forms''' (U+A830-U+A83F), containing 10 fractions and marks, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended''' (U+A8E0-U+A8FF), containing 28 additional marks, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-A''' (U+A960-U+A97F), containing 29 characters for additional old initial consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Javanese''' (U+A980-U+A9DF), containing 91 letters for Javanese script, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-A''' (U+AA60-U+AA7B), containing 28 letters for Khamti Shan in Myanmar, was added. * '''Tai Viet''' (U+AA80-U+AADF), containing 72 letters for Tai Viet script, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek''' (U+ABC0-U+ABFF), containing 56 letters for Meetei Mayek script, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-B''' (U+D7B0-U+D7FF), containing 72 characters for additional old medieval vowels and final consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Imperial Aramaic''' (U+10840-U+1085F), containing 31 characters for Old Aramaic, was added. * '''Old South Arabian''' (U+10A60-U+10A7F), containing 32 letters and numbers for South Arabian, was added. * '''Avestan''' (U+10B00-U+10B3F), containing 61 characters for Avestan script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Parthian''' (U+10B40-U+10B5F), containing 30 characters for Inscriptional Parthian script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Pahlavi''' (U+10B60-U+10B7F), containing 27 characters for Inscriptional Pahlavi script, was added. * '''Old Turkic''' (U+10C00-U+10C4F), containing 73 characters for Orkhon script, was added. * '''Rumi Numeral Symbols''' (U+10E60-U+10E7F), containing 31 numeric characters used in Fez, Morocco, and elsewhere in North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, between the tenth and seventeenth centuries, was added. * '''Kaithi''' (U+11080-U+110CF), containing 66 letters for Kaithi script, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' (U+13000-U+1342F), containing 1,071 hieroglyphs for Egyptian, was added. * '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement''' (U+1F100-U+1F1FF), containing 63 additional circled, parenthesized and squared alphanumerics, was added. * '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement''' (U+1F200-U+1F2FF), containing 44 squared and tortoised shell bracketed ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C''' (U+2A700-U+2B73F), containing 4,149 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Abkhaz letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0524-U+0525) * Inverted Candrabindu and additional signs and letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0900, U+094E, U+0955 and U+0979-U+097A) * Ganda Mark (৻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FB) * Religious svasti signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD5-U+0FD8) * Extensions for Khamti Shan and Alton and Phake (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+109A-U+109D) * Additional old initial consonants, medival vowels, and old final consonants (total 16 characters) were added to '''Hangul Jamo'''. (U+115A-U+115E, U+11A3-U+11A7 and U+11FA-U+11FF) * Hyphen and additional syllables (total 10 characters) were added to '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics'''. (U+1400 and U+1677-U+167F) * Letter Sua and Tham Digit One (total 3 characters) were added to '''New Tai Lue'''. (U+19AA-U+19AB and U+19DA) * Combing Almost Equal to Below ( ᷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFD) * The Live Tournosis, Spesmillo and Tenge signs (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B6-U+20B8) * Additional vulgar fractions from ARIB STD B24 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2150-U+2152 and U+2189) * Decimal exponent symbol (⏨) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E8) * A soccer ball and symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 59 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269E-U+269F, U+26BD-U+26BF, U+26C4-U+26CD, U+26CF-U+26E1, U+26E3 and U+26E8-U+26FF) * Heavy exclamation mark symbol (❗) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2757) * Traffic sign, dictionary and map symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B55-U+2B59) * Capital letter turned alpha and additions for Shona (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C70 to U+2C7E-U+2C7F) * Cryptogrammic letters and combining marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CEB-U+2CF1) * Word separator middle dot (⸱) (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E31) * Circled ideographs and numbers on black squares from ARIB STD B24 (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3244-U+324F) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FC4-U+9FCB) * Miscellaneous additions for compatibility (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA6B-U+FA6D) * Number two and three (total 2 characters) were added to '''Phoenician'''. (U+1091A-U+1091B) == Unicode 6.0 == Unicode 6.0 was released on October 11th, 2010. It encoded 109,384 characters, adding 2,088 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Mandaic''' (U+0840-U+085F), containing 29 letters for Mandaic script, was added. * '''Batak''' (U+1BC0-U+1BFF), containing 56 letters for Batak script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-A''' (U+AB00-U+AB2F), containing 32 letters for Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, Basketo and Gumuz Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Brahmi''' (U+11000-U+1107F), containing 108 characters for ancient Brahmi abugida, was added. * '''Bamum Supplement''' (U+16800-U+16A3F), containing 761 letters for additional Bamum script, was added. * '''Kana Supplement''' (U+1B000-U+1B0FF), containing 2 characters for archaic katakana, was added. * '''Playing Cards''' (U+1F0A0-U+1F0FF), containing 59 playing cards, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F300-U+1F5FF), containing 529 additional symbols, was added. * '''Emoticons''' (U+1F600-U+1F64F), containing 63 faces, cat faces and gesture symbols, was added. * '''Transport and Map Symbols''' (U+1F680-U+1F6FF), containing 70 transportation, traffic signs and other symbols, was added. * '''Alchemical Symbols''' (U+1F700-U+1F77F), containing 116 symbols for elements, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D''' (U+2B740-U+2B81F), containing 222 miscellaneous Han ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Azerbaijani letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0526-U+0527) * Kashmiri Yeh and Wavy hamza below (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0620 and U+065F) * Dependent vowel signs and letters used in Kashmiri and Bihari (total 10 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+093A-U+093B, U+094F, U+0956-U+0957 and U+0973-U+0977) * Fraction signs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B72-U+0B77) * Letters used in scholarly only and letter dot reph (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D29, U+0D3A and U+0D4E) * Leading and Trailing Mchan Rtags (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F8C-U+0F8F, U+0FD9-U+0FDA) * Additional combining marks (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+135D-U+135E) * Combining Double Inverted Breve Below (᷼) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFC) * Miscellaneous subscript letters (total 8 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2095-U+209C) * Indian Rupee Sign (₹) (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B9) * Pointing double triangle and additional mechanical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E9-U+23F3) * Ophiuchus, astronomical symbol for Uranus and pentagrams (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26CE, U+26E2 and U+26E4-U+26E7) * Additional heavy punctation marks, raised fist, raised hand, sparkles, heavy arithmetic symbols and curly loops (total 16 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2705, U+270A-U+270B, U+2728, U+274C, U+274E, U+2753-U+2755, U+275F-U+2760, U+2795-U+2797, U+27B0 and U+27BF) * Squared logicals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CE-U+27CF) * Separator mark and consonant joiner (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D70 and U+2D7F) * Bopomofo for Hmu and Ge (total 3 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31B8-U+31BA) * Reversed Tse (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A660-U+A661) * Additional letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78D-U+A78E, U+A790-U+A791, U+A7A0-U+A7A9 and U+A7FA) * Pedagogical symbols (total 16 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBB2-U+FBC1) * Additional squared, black circled and squared letters and regional indicator letters (total 107 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F130, U+1F132-U+1F13C, U+1F13E, U+1F140-U+1F141, U+1F143-U+1F145, U+1F147-U+1F149, U+1F14F, U+1F150-U+1F156, U+1F158-U+1F15E, U+1F160-U+1F169, U+1F170-U+1F178, U+1F17A, U+1F17D-U+1F17E, U+1F180-U+1F189, U+1F18E-U+1F18F, U+1F191-U+1F19A and U+1F1E6-U+1F1FF) * Squared katakana, squared ideographs and circled advantage and accept (total 13 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F201-U+1F202, U+1F232-U+1F23A and U+1F250-U+1F251) == Unicode 6.1 == Unicode 6.1 was released on January 31st, 2012. It encoded 110,116 characters, adding 732 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-A''' (U+08A0-U+08FF), containing 39 characters, was added. * '''Sundanese Supplement''' (U+1CC0-U+1CCF), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek Extensions''' (U+AAE0-U+AAFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Hieroglyphs''' (U+10980-U+1099F), containing 32 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Cursive''' (U+109A0-U+109FF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sora Sompeng''' (U+110D0-U+110FF), containing 35 characters, was added. * '''Chakma''' (U+11100-U+1114F), containing 67 characters, was added. * '''Sharada''' (U+11180-U+111DF), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Takri''' (U+11680-U+116CF), containing 66 characters, was added. * '''Miao''' (U+16F00-U+16F9F), containing 133 characters, was added. * '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols''' (U+1EE00-U+1EEFF), containing 143 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An Armenian Dram sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058F) * A sign Samvat (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0604) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF0) * Letters for Khmu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0EDE-U+0EDF) * Capital letter Yn, letter Aen, Hard and Labial sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10C7, U+10CD and U+10FD-U+10FF) * Letters and signs for Old Sundanese (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sundanese'''. (U+1BAB-U+1BAD and U+1BBA-U+1BBF) * Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga, Candra Above, Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 4 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF3-U+1CF6) * Mathematical diagonals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CB and U+27CD) * A letter Bohairic Khei (total 2 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CF2-U+2CF3) * Small letters Yn and Aen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian Supplement'''. (U+2D27 and U+2D2D) * Letters Ye and Yo (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D66-U+2D67) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E32-U+2E3B) * An additional ideograph for Kanji (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCC) * Combining letter for Slavonic (total 9 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A674-U+A67B and U+A69F) * Letter C with Bar, capital letter H with Hook and modifier letters for extended IPA (total 5 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A792-U+A793, U+A7AA and U+A7F8-U+A7F9) * Some additional ideographs for Korea (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA2E-U+FA2F) * Symbols for Canadian legal use (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16A-U+1F16B) * Typikon symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F540-U+1F543) * (total 13 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F600, U+1F611, U+1F615, U+1F617, U+1F619, U+1F61B, U+1F61F, U+1F626-U+1F627, U+1F62C, U+1F62E-U+1F62F and U+1F634) == Unicode 6.2 == Unicode 6.2 was released on September 26th, 2012. It encoded 110,117 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A Turkish Lira sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BA) == Unicode 6.3 == Unicode 6.3 was released in September 30, 2013. It encoded 110,122 characters, adding only 5 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Letter mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061C) * Isolate directional format characters (total 4 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2066-U+2069) == Unicode 7.0 == Unicode 7.0 was released on June 16th, 2014. It encoded 112,956 characters, adding 2,834 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended''' (U+1AB0-U+1AFF), containing 15 marks, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-B''' (U+A9E0-U+A9FF), containing 31 letters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-E''' (U+AB30-U+AB6F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Coptic Epact Numbers''' (U+102E0-U+102FF), containing 28 numbers, was added. * '''Old Permic''' (U+10350-U+1037F), containing 43 letters, was added. * '''Elbasan''' (U+10500-U+1052F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Caucasian Albanian''' (U+10530-U+1056F), containing 53 letters and marks, was added. * '''Linear A''' (U+10600-U+1077F), containing 341 signs, was added. * '''Palmyrene''' (U+10860-U+1087F), containing 32 letters, was added. * '''Nabataean''' (U+10880-U+108AF), containing 40 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Old North Arabian''' (U+10A80-U+10A9F), containing 32 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Manichaean''' (U+10AC0-U+10AFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Psalter Pahlavi''' (U+10B80-U+10BAF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Mahajani''' (U+11150-U+1117F), containing 39 letters and signs, was added. * '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers''' (U+111E0-U+111FF), containing 20 numbers, was added. * '''Khojki''' (U+11200-U+1124F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Khudawadi''' (U+112B0-U+112FF), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Grantha''' (U+11300-U+1137F), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Tirhuta''' (U+11480-U+114DF), containing 82 characters, was added. * '''Siddham''' (U+11580-U+115FF), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Modi''' (U+11600-U+1165F), containing 79 characters, was added. * '''Warang Citi''' (U+118A0-U+118FF), containing 84 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Pau Cin Hau''' (U+11AC0-U+11AFF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Mro''' (U+16A40-U+16A6F), containing 43 characters, was added. * '''Bassa Vah''' (U+16AD0-U+16AFF), containing 36 characters, was added. * '''Pahawh Hmong''' (U+16B00-U+16B8F), containing 127 letters and signs, was added. * '''Duployan''' (U+1BC00-U+1BC9F), containing 143 characters, was added. * '''Shorthand Format Controls''' (U+1BCA0-U+1BCAF), containing 4 format characters, was added. * '''Mende Kikakui''' (U+1E800-U+1E8DF), containing 213 syllables and numbers, was added. * '''Ornamental Dingbats''' (U+1F650-U+1F67F), containing 48 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Geometric Shapes Extended''' (U+1F780-U+1F7FF), containing 85 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-C''' (U+1F800-U+1F8FF), containing 148 pictographic characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter Yot (total 1 character) was added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037F) * Letters for Orok, Komi and Khanty (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0528-U+052F) * An Eternity sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058D-U+058E) * A Number Mark Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0605) * Letters for African, Philippine, Turkic, Berber, Belarusian, Palula and Shina languages (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08A1, U+08AD-U+08B2 and U+08FF) * A letter for Marwari (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0978) * A sign Anji (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+0980) * Sign Candrabindu and letter Llla (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C00 and U+0C34) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C81) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D01) * Lith Numerals (total 10 characters) were added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0DE6-U+0DEF) * Additional Old English runes (total 8 characters) were added to '''Runic'''. (U+16F1-U+16F8) * Letters Gyan and Tra (total 2 characters) were added to '''Limbu'''. (U+191D-U+191E) * Signs for Jaiminiya Sama Veda (total 2 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF8-U+1CF9) * Marks for Germanic and American lexicology (total 15 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DE7-U+1DF5) * Nordic Mark, Manat and Ruble sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BB-U+20BD) * Playback symbols from Webdings font (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23F4-U+23FA) * A Scissors symbol from Wingdings 2 font (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2700) * Arrows for Lithuanian dialectology and symbols from Wingdings 3 font (total 115 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B4D-U+2B4F, U+2B5A-U+2B5F, U+2B60-U+2B73, U+2B76-U+2B95, U+2B98-U+2BB9, U+2BBD-U+2BC8 and U+2BCA-U+2BD1) * (total 7 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E3C-U+2E42) * Early Cyrillic letters and letters for Lithuanian dialectology (total 6 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A698-U+A69D) * Letters for European, American and African orthography (total 18 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A794-U+A79F, U+A7AB-U+A7AD, U+A7B0-U+A7B1 and U+A7F7) * Tone marks for Tai Laing and letters for Shwe Palaung (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar Extended-A'''. (U+AA7C-U+AA7F) * Combining phonetic marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE27-U+FE2D) * Additional mathematical symbols (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018B-U+1018C) * A Greek Tau Rho symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+101A0) * A letter Ess (total 1 character) was added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1031F) * A Number Joiner (total 1 character) was added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107F) * Sutra mark and sign Ekam (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CD and U+111DA) * Additional cuneiform signs (total 42 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+1236F-U+12398) * Additional numbers, vulgar fractions and a punctuation mark (total 13 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+12463-U+1246E and U+12474) * Red Joker, Fool and trumps (total 23 characters) were added to '''Playing Cards'''. (U+1F0BF and U+1F0E0-U+1F0F5) * Dingbat normal and negative sans-serif digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10B-U+1F10C) * Symbols from Webdings, Wingdings 1 and 2 font (total 209 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F321-U+1F32C, U+1F336, U+1F37D, U+1F394-U+1F39F, U+1F3C5, U+1F3CB-U+1F3CE, U+1F3D4-U+1F3DF, U+1F3F1-U+1F3F7, U+1F43F, U+1F441, U+1F4F8, U+1F4FD-U+1F4FE, U+1F53E-U+1F53F, U+1F544-U+1F54A, U+1F568-U+1F579, U+1F57B-U+1F5A3 and U+1F5A5-U+1F5FA) * Slightly frowning and smiling faces emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F641-U+1F642) * Symbols from Webdings and Wingdings 2 font (total 27 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6C6-U+1F6CF, U+1F6E0-U+1F6EC and U+1F6F0-U+1F6F3) == Unicode 8.0 == Unicode 8.0 was released on June 17th, 2015. It encoded 120,672 characters, adding 7,716 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cherokee Supplement''' (U+AB70-U+ABBF), containing 80 lowercase letters, was added. * '''Hatran''' (U+108E0-U+108FF), containing 26 letters, was added. * '''Old Hungarian''' (U+10C80-U+10CFF), containing 108 letters, was added. * '''Multani''' (U+11280-U+112AF), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Ahom''' (U+11700-U+1173F), containing 57 letters, was added. * '''Early Dynastic Cuneiform''' (U+12480-U+1254F), containing 196 characters, was added. * '''Anatolian Hieroglyphs''' (U+14400-U+1467F), containing 583 characters, was added. * '''Sutton SignWriting''' (U+1D800-U+1DAAF), containing 672 signs, was added. * '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F900-U+1F9FF), containing 15 pictographic characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E''' (U+2B820-U+2CEAF), containing 5762 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Arwi (total 3 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B3-U+08B4 and U+08E3) * A letter for Avestan transliteration (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF9) * A letter for Andhra Pradesh (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5A) * An archaic letter II (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D5F) * A letter Mv and small letters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cherokee'''. (U+13F5 and U+13F8-U+13FD) * A Georgian Lari sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BE) * Turned digits (total 2 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+218A-U+218B) * Two headed arrows with triangle arrowheads (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BEC-U+2BEF) * Some additional ideographs (total 9 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCD-U+9FD5) * A combining letter Ef (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A69E) * Sinological dot, phonetic extension for African languages, letters for American and Gabonese orthography (total 7 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78F and U+A7B2-U+A7B7) * Sign Siddham and letter Jain Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FC-U+A8FD) * Letters for Yakut transliteration (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB60-U+AB63) * A combining mark for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE2E-U+FE2F) * Numerals and vulgar fractions (total 64 characters) were added to '''Meroitic Cursive'''. (U+109BC-U+109BD, U+109C0-U+109CF and U+109D2-U+109FF) * Sandhi mark, diacritical marks for Kashmiri, sign Siddham and punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111C9-U+111CC and U+111DB-U+111DF) * Combining Anusvara Above and letter Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Grantha'''. (U+11300 and U+11350) * Section marks and alternate letters (total 20 characters) were added to '''Siddham'''. (U+115CA-U+115DD) * An additional sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+12399) * East-Slavic musical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1DE-U+1D1E8) * (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F32D-U+1F32F, U+1F37E-U+1F37F, U+1F3CF-U+1F3D3, U+1F3F8-U+1F3FF, U+1F4FF and U+1F54B-U+1F54F) * Upside Down Face and Face With Rolling Eyes emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F643-U+1F644) * A Place of Worship emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D0) == Unicode 9.0 == Unicode 9.0, was released on June 21st, 2016. It encoded 128,172 characters, adding 7,500 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Extended-C''' (U+1C80-U+1C8F), containing 9 letters, was added. * '''Osage''' (U+104B0-U+104FF), containing 72 letters, was added. * '''Newa''' (U+11400-U+1147F), containing 92 letters, was added. * '''Mongolian Supplement''' (U+11660-U+1167F), containing 13 letters, was added. * '''Bhaiksuki''' (U+11C00-U+11C6F), containing 97 letters, was added. * '''Marchen''' (U+11C70-U+11CBF), containing 68 letters, was added. * '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+16FE0-U+16FFF), containing 1 letter, was added. * '''Tangut''' (U+17000-U+187FF), containing 6125 letters, was added. * '''Tangut Components''' (U+18800-U+18AFF), containing 755 letters, was added. * '''Glagolitic Supplement''' (U+1E000-U+1E02F), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Adlam''' (U+1E900-U+1E95F), containing 87 letters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Bravanese, Warsh and Quranic marks used in Pakistan (total 23 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B6-U+08BD and U+08D4-U+08E2) * A sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C80) * Sign Para, Chillu letters and vulgar fractions (total 14 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D4F, U+0D54-U+0D56, U+0D58-U+0D5E and U+0D76-U+0D78) * A diacritical mark for Newa (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFB) * Power symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FB-U+23FE) * Punctuation marks for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E43-U+2E44) * A letter for Unifon (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AE) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Saurashtra'''. (U+A8C5) * Indiction sign and a currency symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018D-U+1018E) * A sign Sukun (total 1 character) was added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123E) * Japanese TV symbols (total 18 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F19B-U+1F1AC) * A Japanese TV symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F23B) * A dancing man and Black Heart emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F57A and U+1F5A4) * Octagonal Sign, Shopping Trolley, scooters and a Canoe emoji (total 5 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D1-U+1F6D2 and U+1F6F4-U+1F6F6) * (total 67 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F919-U+1F91E, U+1F920-U+1F927, U+1F930, U+1F933-U+1F93E, U+1F940-U+1F94B, U+1F950-U+1F95E and U+1F985-U+1F991) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |0030 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # DIGIT ZERO |- |1000 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KA |- |1002 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER GA |- |1004 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER NGA |- |1010 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER TA |- |1011 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER THA |- |1015 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER PA |- |1019 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER MA |- |101A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER YA |- |101C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER LA |- |101D FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER WA |- |1022 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN A |- |1031 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E |- |1075 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KA |- |1078 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CA |- |107A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA |- |1080 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN THA |- |2205 FE00 | |zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form # EMPTY SET |- |AA60 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI GA |- |AA61 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CA |- |AA62 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CHA |- |AA63 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JA |- |AA64 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JHA |- |AA65 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NYA |- |AA66 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTA |- |AA6B FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NA |- |AA6C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI SA |- |AA6F FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI FA |- |AA7A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER AITON RA |- |… | |278 additional emoji variation sequences |} == Unicode 10.0 == Unicode 10.0, was released on June 20th, 2017. It encoded 136,690 characters, adding 8,518 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac Supplement''' (U+0860-U+086F), containing 11 characters, was added. * '''Zanabazar Square''' (U+11A00-U+11A4F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Soyombo''' (U+11A50-U+11AAF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Masaram Gondi''' (U+11D00-U+11D5F), containing 75 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-A''' (U+1B100-U+1B12F), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Nushu''' (U+1B170-U+1B2FF), containing 396 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F''' (U+2CEB0-U+2EBEF), containing 7,473 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Vedic Anusvara and Abbreviation mark (total 2 characters) were added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FC-U+09FD) * Letters for Arabic transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AFA-U+0AFF) * A combining Anusvara Above and Viramas (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D00 and U+0D3B-U+0D3C) * A sign Atikrama (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF7) * Combining diacritical marks for Church Slavonic (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DF6-U+1DF9) * A Bitcoin sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BF) * An Observe Eye symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FF) * A Group mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BD2) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E45-U+2E49) * A letter O with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312E) * Ideographs for Slavonic transliteration (total 21 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FD6-U+9FEA) * Letters for North Italic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1032D-U+1032F) * An Iteration mark for Nushu (total 1 character) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE1) * Letters for Hentaigana (total 254 characters) were added to '''Kana Supplement'''. (U+1B002-U+1B0FF) * Symbols for Chinese Folk religion (total 6 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F260-U+1F265) * Stupa, Pagoda, Sled and Flying Saucer emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D3-U+1F6D4 and U+1F6F7-U+1F6F8) * (total 66 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F900-U+1F90B, U+1F91F, U+1F928-U+1F92F, U+1F931-U+1F932, U+1F94C, U+1F95F-U+1F96B, U+1F992-U+1F997 and U+1F9D0-U+1F9E6) == Unicode 11.0 == Unicode 11.0, was released on June 5th, 2018. It encoded 137,374 characters, adding 684 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Georgian Extended''' (U+1C90-U+1CBF), containing 46 characters, was added. * '''Hanifi Rohingya''' (U+10D00-U+10D3F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Old Sogdian''' (U+10F00-U+10F2F), containing 40 characters, was added. * '''Sogdian''' (U+10F30-U+10F6F), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''Dogra''' (U+11800-U+1184F), containing 60 characters, was added. * '''Gunjala Gondi''' (U+11D60-U+11DAF), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Makasar''' (U+11EE0-U+11EFF), containing 25 characters, was added. * '''Medefaidrin''' (U+16E40-U+16E9F), containing 91 characters, was added. * '''Mayan Numerals''' (U+1D2E0-U+1D2FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Indic Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC70-U+1ECBF), containing 68 characters, was added. * '''Chess Symbols''' (U+1FA00-U+1FA6F), containing 14 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Small letters Turned Ayb and Yi with Stroke (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0560 and U+0588) * A triangle Yod (total 1 character) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05EF) * A Dantayalan and currency symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''N'Ko'''. (U+07FD-U+07FF) * A Small Low Waw (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08D3) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FE) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A76) * A combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C04) * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C84) * A letter for Buryat (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1878) * Symbols for chess notation, astrological and half star symbols (total 43 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BBA-U+2BBC, U+2BD3-U+2BEB and 2BF0-U+2BFE) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4A-U+2E4E) * A letter NN (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312F) * Some ideographs for Kanji (total 5 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FEB-U+9FEF) * A small capital Q and a letter for Mazahua (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AF and U+A7B8-U+A7B9) * Letter and vowel sign Ay (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FE-U+A8FF) * Letters Ttta, Vha and a vulgar fraction (total 3 characters) were added to '''Kharoshthi'''. (U+10A34-U+10A35 and U+10A48) * A Number Sign Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Kaithi'''. (U+110CD) * Letter Lhaa, vowel sign Aa and Ei (total 3 characters) were added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11144-U+11146) * A combining Bindu Below (total 1 character) was added to '''Grantha'''. (U+1133B) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145E) * An alternate letter Ba (total 1 character) was added to '''Ahom'''. (U+1171A) * A mark Pluta (total 1 character) was added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A9D) * Additional ideographs (total 5 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187ED-U+187F1) * Tally marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Counting Rod Numerals'''. (U+1D372-U+1D378) * A Copyleft symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F12F) * A Skateboard emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6F9) * Normal and negative circled shapes (total 4 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D5-U+1F7D8) * (total 65 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F94D-U+1F94F, U+1F96C-U+1F970, U+1F973-U+1F976, U+1F97A, U+1F97C-U+1F97F, U+1F998-U+1F99F, U+1F9A0-U+1F9A2, U+1F9B0-U+1F9B9, U+1F9C1-U+1F9C2 and U+1F9E7-U+1F9FF) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |FF10 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # FULLWIDTH DIGIT ZERO |} == Unicode 12.0 == Unicode 12.0 was released on March 5th, 2019. It encoded 137,928 characters, adding 554 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Elymaic''' (U+10FE0-U+10FFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Nandinagari''' (U+119A0-U+119FF), containing 65 characters, was added. * '''Tamil Supplement''' (U+11FC0-U+11FFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls''' (U+13430-U+1343F), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Small Kana Extension''' (U+1B130-U+1B16F), containing 7 characters, was added. * '''Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong''' (U+1E100-U+1E14F), containing 71 characters, was added. * '''Wancho''' (U+1E2C0-U+1E2FF), containing 59 characters, was added. * '''Ottoman Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ED00-U+1ED4F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A''' (U+1FA70-U+1FAFF), containing 16 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C77) * Letters for Pail and Sanskrit (total 15 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0E86, U+0E89, U+0E8C, U+0E8E-U+0E93, U+0E98, U+0EA0, U+0EA8-U+0EA9, U+0EAC and U+0EBA) * A sign Double Anusvara Antargomukha (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CFA) * An astrological symbol and Hellschreiber Pause symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BC9 and U+2BFF) * A Cornish Verse Divider (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4F) * Egyptological letters, Anglicana W and letters for early Pinyin (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7BA-U+A7BF and U+A7C2-U+A7C6) *Sinological phonetic letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB66-U+AB67) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145F) * An archaic letter Kha (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B8) * Sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 2 characters) were added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A84-U+11A85) * Letters for various Yi and Miao languages (total 16 characters) were added to '''Miao'''. (U+16F45-U+16F4A, U+16F4F and U+16F7F-U+16F87) * Marks for Ancient Chinese texts (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE2-U+16FE3) * Some additional ideographs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F2-U+187F7) * A Nasalization mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Adlam'''. (U+1E94B) * A Spanish and Portuguese register mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16C) * Hindu Temple and Auto Rickshaw emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D5 and U+1F6FA) * Large colored circles and boxes (total 12 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7E0-U+1F7EB) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90D-U+1F90F, U+1F93F, U+1F971, U+1F97B, U+1F9A5-U+1F9AA, U+1F9AE-U+1F9AF, U+1F9BA-U+1F9BF, U+1F9C3-U+1F9CA and U+1F9CD-U+1F9CF) * Heterodox chess symbols (total 84 characters) were added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA00-U+1FA53) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Spacing Modifier Letters |02EA, 02EB |2 |- |Vedic Extensions |1CF2..1CF3 |2 |- |Currency Symbols |20A9 |1 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001, 3002 |2 |- |Bopomofo |3105..312F |43 |- |Bopomofo Extended |31A0..31BA |27 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |37C3, 3B9D, 3CFD, 3FE0, 44EC, 4A76 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5344, 55B9, 6ABC, 6FF9, 809E, 80BC, 80E9, 8132, 8159, 841C, 891D, 8C6C, 915E, 9FD4 |14 |- |Phags-pa |A840..A877 |56 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01, FF0C, FF0E, FF1A, FF1B, FF1F |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |200DD, 20164, 20BBF, 20C02, 20CED, 21D4C, 2278B, 23AB8, 2459B, 24A7D, 24FB9, 25ED7, 2677C, 26B4C, 26C21, 26CBE, 26E3D, 28834, 289A1, 289C0, 28A0F, 28B46 |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A8FB, 2A917, 2AA30 |3 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BA52, 2BD77, 2C494, 2C72F, 2C734, 2CB38 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D23B, 2E83A |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !192 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |3001 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3001 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3002 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |3002 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |FF01 FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF01 FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF0C FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0C FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0E FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF0E FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF1A FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1A FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1B FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1B FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1F FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |- |FF1F FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |} == Unicode 12.1 == Unicode 12.1 was released on May 7th, 2019. It encoded 137,929 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A square era name Reiwa (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32FF) == Unicode 13.0 == Unicode 13.0 was released on March 10th, 2020. It encoded 143,859 characters, adding 5,930 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Yezidi''' (U+10E80-U+10EBF), containing 47 characters, was added. * '''Chorasmian''' (U+10FB0-U+10FDF), containing 28 characters, was added. * '''Dives Akuru''' (U+11900-U+1195F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Lisu Supplement''' (U+11FB0-U+11FBF), containing 1 character, was added. * '''Khitan Small Script''' (U+18B00-U+18CFF), containing 470 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Supplement''' (U+18D00-U+18D08), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing''' (U+1FB00-U+1FBFF), containing 212 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G''' (U+30000-U+3134F), containing 4939 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for African languages and Punjabi (total 10 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08BE-U+08C7) * A sign Overline (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B55) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D04) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0D81) * Combining diacritical marks for Scottish phonology (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ABF-U+1AC0) * A Japanese symbol for Type A Electronics (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B97) * Cross patties and a Tironian sign Capita Et (total 3 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E50-U+2E52) * Letters for Taiwan and Cantonese language (total 5 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31BB-U+31BF) * Some disunified ideographs (total 10 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A'''. (U+4DB6-4DBF) * Some ideographs for China (total 13 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FF0-U+9FFC) * Letters for Gaulish (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C7-U+A7CA and U+A7F5-U+A7F6) * An alternate sign Nasanta (total 1 character) was added to '''Syloti Nagri'''. (U+A82C) * Letter R With Midle Tilde and modifier letters for Scottish phonology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB68-U+AB6B) * A symbol Ascia (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+1019C) * A letter for Pali (total 1 character) was added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11147) * A vowel sign Prishthamatra E and Inverted Candrabindu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CE and U+111CF) * Double comma, sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 3 characters) were added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145A and U+11460-U+11461) * Khitan Small Script Filler and reading marks for Vietnamese (total 3 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE4 and U+16FF0-U+16FF1) * Some additional components (total 13 characters) were added to '''Tangut Components'''. (U+18AF3-U+18AFF) * Creative Commons license symbols and Mask Work symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10D-U+1F10F, U+1F16D-1F16F and U+1F1AD) * Hut, Elevator, Pickup Truck and Roller Skate emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D6-U+1F6D7 and U+1F6FB-U+1F6FC) * Arrows for legacy computing (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B0-U+1F8B1) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90C, U+1F972, U+1F977-U+1F978, U+1F9A3-U+1F9A4, U+1F9AB-U+1F9AD and U+1F9CB) * (total 41 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA74, U+1FA83-U+1FA86, U+1FA96-U+1FAA8, U+1FAB0-U+1FAB6, U+1FAC0-U+1FAC2 and U+1FAD0-U+1FAD6) * Gongche characters for Kunqu Opera (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6D7-U+2A6DD) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Tagalog |1700..170C, 170E..1714 |20 |- |Mongolian |1834, 1871, 1878 |3 |- |Sundanese |1BAB |1 |- |Currency Symbols |20BF |1 |- |CJK Radicals Supplement |2E80..2E99, 2E9B..2EF3 |115 |- |Kangxi Radicals |2F00..2FD5 |214 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3472, 38C7, 3DB8, 3FE0, 440B, 46E9 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |53FD, 6146, 6711, 671C, 6721, 6725, 6BD2, 7B9A, 87CE, 8956, 93BF, 9B97 |12 |- |Latin Extended-D |A764..A765 |2 |- |Phags-pa |A86D |1 |- |Tangut |175F6, 17F0D, 17F8A, 17FA5, 180D6, 18139, 18147, 184F1, 18736 |9 |- |Tangut Components |18843, 18856, 1888C, 1890A, 18915, 1893B |6 |- |Adlam |1E900..1E94A, 1E950..1E959, 1E95E..1E95F |71 |- |Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs |1F3B1 |1 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F995..1F998, 1F99B..1F99E, 1F9B0..1F9B3, 1F9E7 |13 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20219, 21249, 21827, 22C3A, 2327B, 23496, 2355E, 2363B, 236ED, 23839, 23FD5, 24261, 24726, 248F2, 2548E, 26657, 26C9E, 26FE1, 27334, 27C0E, 27CEF, 2A38C |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2AED5, 2AEF3, 2AF76, 2B09F, 2B1C3, 2B1E5 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2B83C, 2B8D9..2B8DA, 2B96F, 2BBD7, 2BD61, 2BE4A, 2BF1D, 2BF9D, 2C0B8, 2C142, 2C176, 2C316, 2C3FB, 2C402, 2C7AC, 2C82C, 2C83A, 2C9A1, 2CC88, 2CD68 |21 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2DC09, 2DE4A, 2EB7E, 2EB89 |4 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F83B, 2F878, 2F8D6..2F8D7, 2F8DA, 2F8F0, 2F984, 2FA02 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !536 |} == Unicode 14.0 == Unicode 14.0 was released on September 14th, 2021. It encoded 144,697 characters, adding 838 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-B''' (U+0870-U+089F), containing 41 characters, was added. * '''Vithkuqi''' (U+10570-U+105BF), containing 70 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-F''' (U+10780-U+107BF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Old Uyghur''' (U+10F70-U+10FAF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A''' (U+11AB0-U+11ABF), containing 16 characters, was added. * '''Cypro-Minoan''' (U+12F90-U+12FFF), containing 99 characters, was added. * '''Tangsa''' (U+16A70-U+16ACF), containing 89 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-B''' (U+1AFF0-U+1AFFF), containing 13 characters, was added. * '''Znamenny Musical Notation''' (U+1CF00-U+1CFFF), containing 185 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-G''' (U+1DF00-U+1DFFF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Toto''' (U+1E290-U+1E2BF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-B''' (U+1E7E0-U+1E7FF), containing 28 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An End of Text punctuation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061D) * Letters for Balti and Quranic orthography (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B5 and U+08C8-U+08D2) * A sign Nukta and letter Nakaara Pollu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3C and U+0C5D) * A letter Nakaara Pollu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDD) * A letter Ra, sign Pamudpod and archaic letter Ra (total 3 characters) were added to '''Tagalog'''. (U+170D, U+1715 and U+171F) * A fourth Free variation selector (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+180F) * Combining diacritical marks for extended IPA (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AC1-U+1ACE) * An archaic ligature Jnya and punctuation marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4C and U+1B7D-U+1B7E) * A combining Dot Below Left (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFA) * A Kyrgyz Som sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C0) * A letter Caudate Chrivi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Glagolitic'''. (U+2C2F and U+2C5F) * Medieval and phonetic punctuation marks (total 11 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E53-U+2E5D) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FFD-U+9FFF) * Archaic European letters, modifier letters for Sokuon and Chatino orthography (total 13 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C0-U+A7C1, U+A7D0-U+A7D1, U+A7D3, U+A7D5, U+A7D6-U+A7D9 and U+A7F2-U+A7F4) * A modifier letter Wasla Above and honorifics (total 20 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC2, U+FD40-U+FD4F, U+FDCF and U+FDFE-U+FDFF) * Letters for Old Tamil (total 6 characters) were added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+11070-U+11075) * A vowel sign Vocalic R (total 1 character) was added to '''Khaiti'''. (U+110C2) * An Abbreviation sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B9) * Letters for Tai Ahom (total 7 characters) were added to '''Ahom'''. (U+11740-U+11746) The block was expanded from (U+11700-U+1173F) to (U+11700-U+1174F) * Kana archaic letters (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B11F-U+1B122) * Accidental symbols for Iranian classical music (total 2 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1E9-U+1D1EA) * Playground Slide, Wheel and Ring Buoy emoji (total 3 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DD-U+1F6DF) * A Heavy Equals Sign emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7F0) * A Troll and Face Holding Back Tears emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F979 and U+1F9CC) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA7B-U+1FA7C, U+1FAA9-U+1FAAC, U+1FAB7-U+1FABA, U+1FAC3-U+1FAC5, U+1FAD7-U+1FAD9, U+1FAE0-U+1FAE7 and U+1FAF0-U+1FAF6) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6DE-U+2A6DF) * Disunified ideographs and a G source ideograph for China, Hong Kong and Vietnam (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B735-U+2B738) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Latin Extended-B |0184..0185 |2 |- |Arabic |0674..0678, 06C5, 06C7, 06FE |8 |- |Letterlike Symbols |210B, 2110, 2112, 211B, 212C, 2130..2131, 2133 |8 |- |Enclosed Alphanumerics |2460..24FF |160 |- |Dingbats |2776..2793 |30 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001..3029, 3030..303D, 303F |56 |- |CJK Strokes |31C0..31E3 |36 |- |Katakana Phonetic Extensions |31F0..31FF |16 |- |Enclosed CJK Letters and Months |3200..321E, 3220..32FF |255 |- |CJK Compatibiity |3300..33FF |256 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3777, 3B3F |2 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5DD5, 652C, 6AC0 |3 |- |Arabic Presentation Forms-A |FBD7..FBD8, FBDD, FBE0..FBE1 |5 |- |Vertical Forms |FE10..FE19 |10 |- |CJK Compatibiity Forms |FE30..FE4F |32 |- |Small Form Variants |FE50..FE52, FE54..FE66, FE68..FE6B |26 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01..FF9F, FFA1..FFBE, FFC2..FFC7, FFCA..FFCF, FFD2..FFD7, FFDA..FFDC, FFE0..FFE6, FFE8..FFEE |225 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |1300A, 13017, 1302D, 13032, 13034..13035, 13037..13038, 1303A..1303E, 1304E..1304F, 13055, 13057, 13068, 1309A, 130D2, 130D5, 130F6, 130FE, 13192, 1325F, 13267, 1326A, 13281, 13297, 1329E, 132B4, 132C1, 132E6, 13304, 1331F, 13378..1337B, 1337D..1337E, 133F3, 133FA..13403, 1340D, 13417, 1342B |55 |- |Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols |1D49C, 1D49E..1D49F, 1D4A2, 1D4A5..1D4A6, 1D4A9..1D4AC, 1D4AE..1D4B5 |18 |- |Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement |1F100..1F1AD, 1F1E6..1F1FF |200 |- |Enclosed Ideographic Supplement |1F200..1F202, 1F210..1F23B, 1F240..1F248, 1F250..1F251, 1F260..1F265 |64 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F930 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |22ADC, 230F2, 25B27, 26F28 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !1472 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |1D49C FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |- |1D49C FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |} ===Named Sequences=== Here is a table with new named character sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Name |- |0915 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER QA |- |0916 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0917 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |091C 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0921 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER DDDHA |- |0922 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |092B 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |092F 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |09A1 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |09A2 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |09AF 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |0A32 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER LLA |- |0A38 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER SHA |- |0A16 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0A17 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |0A1C 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0A2B 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |0B21 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |0B22 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |} == Unicode 15.0 == Unicode 15.0 was released on September 13th, 2022. It encoded 149,186 characters, adding 4,489 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-C''' (U+10EC0-U+10EFF), containing 3 characters, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended-A''' (U+11B00-U+11B5F), containing 10 characters, was added. * '''Kawi''' (U+11F00-U+11F5F), containing 86 characters, was added. * '''Kaktovik Numerals''' (U+1D2C0-U+1D2DF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-D''' (U+1E030-U+1E08F), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Nag Mundari''' (U+1E4D0-U+1E4FF), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H''' (U+31350-U+323AF), containing 4192 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Yamakkan (total 1 character) was added to '''Lao'''. (U+0ECE) * A combining Anusvara Above Right (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF3) * Letters Qa, Short I and Vocalic R (total 3 characters) were added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123F-U+11241) * An additional hieroglyph to Group V (total 1 character) was added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' * Extended format controls (total 29 characters) were added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls'''. (U+13439-U+13455). The block was expanded from (U+13430-U+1343F) to (U+13430-U+1345F) * Hiragana and Katakana Small Ko (total 2 characters) were added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B132 and U+1B155) * Letters for Malayalam transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF25-U+1DF2A) * A Wireless emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DC) * A Nine Pointed White Star (total 1 character) was be added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D9) * A Lot of Fortune, eclipse symbols and symbols for dwarf planets (total 6 characters) were added to '''Alchemical symbols'''. (U+1F774-U+1F776 and U+1F77B-U+1F77F) * (total 20 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA75-U+1FA77, U+1FA87-U+1FA88, U+1FAAD-U+1FAAF, U+1FABB-U+1FABF, U+1FACE-U+1FACF, U+1FADA-U+1FADB, U+1FAE8 and U+1FAF7-U+1FAF8) * A disunified ideograph for Macao (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B739) ===Glyph Changes=== Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |IPA Extensions |025E, 029A |2 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |144B, 14D1, 1506, 15C0..15C3, 15E8..15EE, 1601, 1604..1607, 160A..160D, 1614..162D, 1630..163F, 1646..1647, 165A |66 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended |18DB, 18EC, 18F1..18F2, 18F5 |5 |- |Sundanese |1BBF |1 |- |Optical Character Recognition |2447 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |34DC, 3BF6, 3C43, 48B4, 4DBE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |585F, 5F50, 6BC0, 7BC9, 833E |5 |- |Cyrillic Extended-B |A66E |1 |- |Old Turkic |10C47 |1 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |various (new standardized variation sequences) |94 |- |Khitan Small Script |18CCA |1 |- |Wancho (font update) |1E2C0..1E2F9, 1E2FF |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols (font update) |1F700..1F773 |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20048, 20A1C, 2143F, 21A5F, 21C08, 21FBA, 22ACF, 23392, 238A7, 23D8F, 23F4E, 25D20, 26E30, 27B48, 27C4F, 28633, 28B02, 28E9A, 29760, 2A60F |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2B249 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BB37, 2BD7D, 2C151, 2C1E0, 2C2D6, 2C5CA, 2C810, 2CD34 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2CF4E, 2D25D, 2D3EC, 2D6A7, 2D7BA, 2D979, 2DA74, 2DA97, 2DC13, 2DDC0, 2DF10, 2DF78, 2E05A, 2E0AE, 2E516, 2E640, 2E680, 2EA63 |18 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F804, 2F805, 2F833, 2F835, 2F84C, 2F84F, 2F852, 2F855, 2F887, 2F88B, 2F899, 2F8A0, 2F8A6, 2F8A7, 2F8AD, 2F8B1, 2F8B4, 2F8B7, 2F8BA, 2F8D0, 2F8E0..2F8E2, 2F8E5, 2F8E6, 2F8FE, 2F900, 2F901, 2F907, 2F912, 2F922, 2F926, 2F936, 2F938, 2F94E, 2F959, 2F95F, 2F96C, 2F99F, 2F9B8, 2F9BA, 2F9D3, 2F9DB, 2F9DC, 2F9E8, 2F9EA, 2F9EE, 2FA00, 2FA0D, 2FA1B |50 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |302FC, 30723, 30A6D, 30CF7, 30DBF, 31006, 3105D |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !461 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |13091 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027 |- |13092 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027A |- |13093 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D028 |- |130A9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D047 |- |1310F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F016 |- |13117 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F023 |- |1311C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F028 |- |13121 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F032 |- |13127 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F037A |- |13139 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13139 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13183 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H005 |- |13187 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H008 |- |131A0 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131A0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131B1 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B1 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B8 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M009 |- |131B9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010 |- |131BA FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010A |- |131CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M017 |- |131EE FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131EE FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131F8 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N010 |- |131F9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131F9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131FA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |131FA FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |13216 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N035 |- |13257 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O006 |- |1327B FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O029 |- |1327F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |1327F FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |13285 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O036 |- |1328C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O039 |- |132A4 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132A4 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132AA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Q003 |- |132CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH R024 |- |132DC FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S010 |- |132E7 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E7 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E9 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S020 |- |132F8 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S033 |- |132FD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S037 |- |13302 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S042 |- |13303 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S043 |- |13307 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T001 |- |13308 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T002 |- |13310 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008 |- |13311 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008A |- |13312 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13312 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13313 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13313 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13314 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |13314 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |1331B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331B FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016A |- |13321 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13321 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13322 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13322 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13331 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |13331 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |1333B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U007 |- |1333C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U008 |- |1334A FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U022 |- |13361 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U042 |- |13373 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V007A |- |13377 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V010 |- |13378 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V011 |- |1337D FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V012A |- |13385 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V019 |- |13399 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V026 |- |1339A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V027 |- |133AF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W001 |- |133B0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W002 |- |133BF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W014 |- |133D3 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH X004A |- |133DD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Y002 |- |133F2 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z007 |- |133F5 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z010 |- |133F6 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z011 |- |13403 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z015I |- |13416 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA008 |- |13419 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |1341A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA012 |- |13423 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA021 |- |1342C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA030 |- |1342E FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA032 |- |13443 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH LOST SIGN |- |13444 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH HALF LOST SIGN |- |13445 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH TALL LOST SIGN |- |13446 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH WIDE LOST SIGN |} == Unicode 15.1 == Unicode 15.1 was released on September 12th, 2023. It encoded 149,813 characters, adding 627 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I''' (U+2EBF0-U+2EE5F), containing 622 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * 4 Ideographic characters were added to '''Ideographic Description Characters'''. (U+2FFC-U+2FFF) * An Ideographic subtraction (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31EF) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |357E, 358B..358E, 3599..359D, 35AF..35B0, 35B2..35B3, 35DF..35E1, 35EF, 360F, 3612, 3F94, 44D5, 48EE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5098, 512D, 517A, 5391, 54DB, 551C, 551F, 55B8, 55ED, 56AB, 591E, 594A, 5B2E, 5DFC..5DFD, 5EE4, 609E, 65B0, 65B3, 65D5, 65F2, 67B2, 6AB6, 6AEC, 6C69, 6FC2, 6FD3, 7019, 7361, 74BD, 7934, 820B, 826E, 83BB, 8412, 8456, 848A, 896F, 8E34, 8FD7, 9166, 9855, 985E, 9C4D |5 |- |Latin Extended-D |A798 |1 |- |Latin Extended-E |AB5A |1 |- |Tangut |17105, 172A4, 17BD1..17BD3, 17EF9, 18136 |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols |1F741, 1F747, 1F74C, 1F74F, 1F756, 1F758, 1F763, 1F768, 1F76D, 1F76E |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20302, 2087A, 20C00, 230B7, 2339E, 236EF, 237C3, 23B87, 23CC0, 23CD9, 23E5E, 2486F, 249D6, 249E8, 24D6A, 2585E, 25D89, 26A5A..26A5B, 26A73, 26A82..26A83, 26A90, 26AA6, 26AA8, 26AD8, 27350, 279F8, 284A3, 28BBA, 29516, 29530 |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A741, 2AB63, 2ACD8, 2AF6F, 2B173, 2B490 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BC2E, 2BF45, 2C04C, 2C13A, 2C43C, 2C43E, 2C816 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D1CC..2D1CD, 2D1DD, 2D1E4, 2D1F7, 2D203, 2D256, 2D266, 2D2A2, 2D2AC, 2D2DA |18 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |301D4, 301D9, 301E4, 301E8, 301FF..30200, 30205, 3020C, 30211, 30215..30217, 30220, 30234..30235, 30237 |7 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H |314B7, 31542, 31569, 31C7F, 31D5A, 31F68 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !164 |} == Unicode 16.0 == Unicode 16.0 was released on September 10th, 2024. It encoded 154,998 characters, adding 5,185 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Todhri''' (U+105C0-U+105FF), containing 52 characters, was added. * '''Garay''' (U+10D40-U+10D8F), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Tulu-Tigalari''' (U+11380-U+113FF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-C''' (U+116D0-U+116FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Sunuwar''' (U+11BC0-U+11BFF), containing 44 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A''' (U+13460-U+143FF), containing 3995 characters, was added. * '''Gurung Khema''' (U+16100-U+1613F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Kirat Rai''' (U+16D40-U+16D7F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement''' (U+1CC00-U+1CEBF), containing 686 characters, was added. * '''Ol Onal''' (U+1E5D0-U+1E5FF), containing 44 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A combining diacritical mark for Jawi (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+0897) * Inverted letters and a punctuation mark (total 3 characters) was added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4E-U+1B4F and U+1B7F) * A letter Tje (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C89-U+1C8A) * Legacy computing symbols for Delete (total 3 characters) was added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2427-U+2429) * CJK strokes HXG and SZP (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31E4-U+31E5) * A capital Rams Horn, an S with Diagonal Stroke, Lamda Letters, and letters for Wakashan and Salishan Languages (total 6 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CB-U+A7CD, U+A7DA-U+A7DC) * A combining Alef overlay and letters with two dots vertically below (total 4 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC2-U+10EC4 and U+10EFC) * A sign Nukta (total 1 character) was added to '''Kawi'''. (U+11F5A) * A blank character (total 1 character) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CFF) * A rightwards arrow with hook, and arrows for legacy computing and arrows for Egyptology (total 12 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B2-U+1F8BB, U+1F8C0-U+1F8C1) * A Harp, Shovel, Leafless Tree, Fingerprint, Root Vegetable, Splatter, and Face with Bags Under Eyes (total 7 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA89, U+1FA8F, U+1FABE, U+1FAC6, U+1FADC, U+1FADF, and U+1FAE9) * Graphic shapes for legacy computing (total 37 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBCB-U+1FBEF) == Unicode 17.0 == Unicode 17.0 was released on September 9th, 2025. It encoded 159,801 characters, adding 4,083 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Sidetic''' (U+10940-U+1095F), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sharada Supplement''' (U+11B60-U+11B7F), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Tolong Siki''' (U+11DB0-U+11DEF), containing 54 characters, was added. * '''Beria Erfe''' (U+16EA0-U+16EDF), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Components Supplement''' (U+18D80-U+18DFF), containing 115 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement''' (U+1CEC0-U+1CEFF), containing 34 characters, was added. * '''Tai Yo''' (U+1E6C0-U+1E6FF), containing 55 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J''' (U+323B0-U+3347F), containing 4298 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A Noon with Ring Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+088F) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5C) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDC) * Compound tone and harrington diacritics (total 26 characters) was to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ACF-U+1ADD, U+1AE0-U+1AEB) * Saudi Riyal Sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C1) * Equal Sign with Infinity Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B96) * 2 capital letters for Middle English, Latin pharyngeal voiced fricative, and Modifier Letter Capital S (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CE-U+A7CF, U+A7D2, U+A7D4, U+A7F1) * Arabic Ligature Rahmatu Allaahi Alayh and Arabic Honorifics (total 25 characters) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC3-U+FBD2, U+FD90, U+FD91, U+FDC8-U+FDCE) * A Small Yeh Barree with Two Dots Below, Thin Noon, Biblical End of Verse, Yeh with Four Dots Below, Honorifics, Double Vertical Bar Below, and Small Low Noon (total 14 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC5-U+10EC7, U+10ED0-U+10ED8, U+10EFA-U+10EFB) * Chinese Simplified and Traditional Er and Yangqin Slow Signs Two, Three, and Four (total 5 characters) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FF2-U+16FF6) * Some additional ideographs (total 8 characters) was added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F8-U+187FF) * Additional ideographs (total 22 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D09-U+18D1E) * Nine symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement'''. (U+1CCFA-U+1CCFC, U+1CEBA-1CEBF) * A Landslide (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D8) * Historical asteroid symbols (total 4 characters) was added to '''Alchemical Symbols'''. (U+1F777-U+1F77A) * Chemical symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8D0-U+1F8D8) * White and Black Chess Ferz and Alfil (total 4 characters) was added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA54-U+1FA57) * A trombone, treasure chest, hairy creature, orca, distorted face, and fight cloud (total 6 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8A, U+1FA8E, U+1FAC8, U+1FACD, U+1FAEA, and U+1FAEF) * An alarm bell symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBFA) * Additional ideographs (total 6 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B73A-U+2B73F) * Additional ideographs (total 12 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E'''. (U+2CEA2-U+2CEAD) == Unicode 18.0 == Unicode 18.0 was released on September 16, 2026. It encoded 172,808 characters, adding 13,007 new characters. === New Blocks === *'''Bengali Supplement''' (U+11DF0-U+11DFF), containing 2 characters, was added. * '''Archaic Cuneiform Numerals''' (U+12550-U+1268F), containing 311 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen''' (U+18E00-U+1919F), containing 914 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen Radicals''' (U+191A0-U+191DF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Musical Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D250-U+1D28F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended''' (U+1DB00-U+1DBFF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Seal Script''' (U+3D000-U+3FC3F), containing 11328 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * Modifier letters Eh, Ini, and Yi (total 3 characters) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0558, U+058B-U+058C) * Hebrew Point Sheva Na Mudgash and Hebrew Point Dagesh Hazaq Mudgash (total 2 characters) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05C8-U+05C9) * Signs for dot above and double dot above (total 2 characters) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B53-U+0B54) * Alternate positioned IPA diacritics and diacritics for Chao and Khoe (total 7 characters) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ADE-U+1ADF, U+1AEC-U+1AF0) * Latin subscript small letter w, y, and z and Modifier letter high and low vertical line (total 4 characters) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+208F, U+209D-U+209F) * Rufiyaa Sign, UAE Dirham Sign, and Omani Rial (total 3 characters) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C2-U+20C4) * Two Wiggly Exclamation Marks and Two Parenthesis with Middle Ring (total 4 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E60-U+2E63) * Latin capital letter closed omega and Latin capital letter r with long leg and (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DD and U+A7E2) * Latin capital letter script r and script r with ring (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6C-U+AB6D) * Latin modifier letters for clicks (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-F'''. (U+107BB-U+107BF) * Arabic Crown Letters, Quranic Characters, and Arabic Crown (total 39 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC9-U+10ECF, U+10ED9-U+10EEE, U+10EF0-U+10EF9) * Devanagari Letter Alternate Ddda (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0A) * Extended Cuneiform Numeric Signs (total 12 characters) was added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+1246F, U+12475-U+1247F) * Jurchen Small Script characters (total 5 characters) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CD6-U+18CDA) * Two additional ideographs (total 2 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D1F-U+18D20) * Hiragana Digraph Koto, Katakana Diagraphs Toki, Tote, and Yori, letters alternate Ne, and Wi (total 6 characters) was added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B123-U+1B128) * Katakana letter small archaic Ye (total 1 character) was added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B168) * Leibnizian alchemical symbols, Leibnizian cossic characters, and Leibnizian mathematical signs and symbols (total 19 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED2-U+1CED4, U+1CEDD-U+1CEDF, U+1CEF1-U+1CEFD) * Stein Zimmerman Symbols, Digit Slash Symbols, and other Symbols (total 23 characters) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D127-U+1D128, U+1D1EB-U+1D1FF) * Mathematical italic long s with descender s (U+1D6A6) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. * Affricate ligatures, letters with palatal hook, barred letters, RFE letters, Initial Teaching Alphabet, English Phonotypic Alphabet, Leibnizian cossic characters, and modifier letters (total 151 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF1F-U+1DF24, U+1DF2B-U+1DF81, U+1DF90-U+1DF96, U+1DFCD-U+1DFFF) * A Tomobiki symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F1AE) * A lighthouse (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D9) * A black circle with white vertical bar, and Extended Geometric Shapes (total 17 characters) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7DA-U+1F7DB, U+1F7F1-U+1F7FF) * A meteor, eraser, net with handle, monarch butterfly, pickle, cracking face, leftwards thumb sign, and rightwards thumb sign (total 8 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8B-1FA8D, U+1FACC, U+1FADD, U+1FAEB, U+1FAF9-1FAFA) * An additional ideograph (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D'''. (U+2B81E) == Unicode 19.0== Unicode 19.0 will be released in late 2027. There are more characters targeted for this version, but they have not been confirmed yet. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-A''' (U+2FA20-U+2FA9F), containing 119 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-B''' (U+2FAA0-U+2FC1F), containing 375 characters, will be added. == Code Points Provisionally Assigned== This is a section where you can add any upcoming Unicode characters that have been [https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html#codepoint_reservation provisionally assigned for mature proposals] (but not yet accepted) for a future update of The Unicode Standard. === New Blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-D''' (U+10D90-U+10E5F), containing 3 characters, will be added. * '''Sirmauri''' (U+11850-U+1188F), containing 55 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Leke''' (U+11B80-U+11BBF), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Proto-Cuneiform''' (U+12690-U+12ECF), containing 1392 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Chisoi''' (U+16D80-U+16DAF), containing 40 characters, will be added.<!--target: 19.0--> * '''Mwangwego''' (U+16E00-U+16E3F), containing 64 characters, will be added. * '''Shaaldaa''' (U+1C800-U+1CB2F), containing 804 characters, will be added. * '''Leibnizian Ambiguous Signs''' (U+1DC00-U+1DC3F), containing 54 characters, will be added.)<!--target: 19.0--> === Extended Blocks === * Telugu Sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) will be added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C70)<!--target: 19.0--> * Kannada Signs Ardhanusvara and Combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) will be added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF0 and U+0CF4)<!--target: 19.0--> * Mongolian Letter Manchu Alternative Ue (total 1 character) will be added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1879) * Combining Grave-Acute-Macron, Combining inverted lazy s Above, and Combining comma Above and acute (total 3 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AF1-U+1AF3) * Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting bar (total 1 character) will be added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C8B)<!--target: 19.0--> * Belarusian Ruble sign and Ruble sign with double vertical stem (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C5, U+20CF)<!--20C5 target: 19.0--> * Combining Long Triple Solidus Overlay and Combining Saltire Overlay (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F1-U+20F2)<!--target: 19.0--> * Latin capital and small letter i with oblique stroke (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DE-U+A7DF) * Latin capital letter u with left hook (total 1 character) will be added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6E)<!--target: 19.0--> * Arabic Dotless Half-Yeh, Half-Yeh, Dotless Half-Jeem and Astronomical Kaf (total 4 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC0-U+10EC1, U+10EC8, U+10EEF)<!--10EC0-10EC1 target: 19.0--> * Brahmi minimizing virama (total 1 character) will be added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107E)<!--target: 19.0--> * Tulu-Tigalari letter combining anusvara above, signs om pushpika with tail and shrii pushpika, and letter archaic II (total 5 characters) will be added to '''Tulu-Tigalari'''. (U+113CB, U+113D9-U+113DB)<!--target: 19.0--> * Newa Letter Heavy Ya (total 1 character) will be added to '''Newa'''. (U+11462) * Dogra Signs Candrabindu and Avaragha (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Dogra'''. (U+1183C-U+1183D)<!--target: 19.0--> * Devanagari Jivamuliya and Upadhmaniya (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0B-U+11B0C)<!--target: 19.0--> * White Ideographic Comma and Double Ideographic Full Stop (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE5-U+16FE6)<!--target: 19.0--> * Alchemical Symbol for Calx-2 and Alchemical Symbol for Retort-2 (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED1, U+1CED5)<!--target: 19.0--> * Musical Symbol down arrowhead breath mark (total 1 character) will be added to '''Musical Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1D282) * Small w with palatal hook, small n and r with double middle tilde, small capital i with retroflex hook, small open q, x with stroke, small wavy y, schwa with right hook, Romance dialectology symbols, zh ligature, Albanian letter edhe, Albanian Frashëri letters, Modifier letter capital y, and modifier letter accents (total 26 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF82-U+1DF8F, U+1DF97-U+1DFA3, U+1DFC4-U+1DFCC)<!--1DF82-1DF8A, 1DFC5-1DFCC target: 19.0--> *Arabic Astronomical zero and five astronomical symbols (total 6 characters) will be added to Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols (U+1EEE0-U+1EEE5) ==Roadmap Blocks== This is a section where proportional maps of proposed allocations to Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 are presented. Italic indicates scripts for which detailed proposals have not yet been written.<ref>[https://unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/]</ref> * '''Northern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10200-U+1023F) * '''Southern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10240-U+1027F) * '''''Shavian Quikscript''' (U+103E0-U+103FF)'' * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended-A''' (U+107C0-U+107FF) * '''Proto-Sinaitic''' (U+108B0-U+108DF) * '''''Numidian''' (U+10960-U+1097F)'' * '''Balti''' (U+10AA0-U+10ABF) * '''Book Pahlavi''' (U+10BB0-U+10BDF) * '''Baburi''' (U+10BE0-U+10BFF) * '''Landa''' (U+11250-U+1127F) * '''Tani Lipi''' (U+114E0-U+114FF) * '''Ranjana''' (U+11500-U+1157F) * '''Zou''' (U+11750-U+117AF) * '''Pyu''' (U+117B0-U+117FF) * '''Vateluttu''' (U+11960-U+1199F) * '''Balti-B''' (U+11CC0-U+11CFF) * '''Tocharian''' (U+11E00-U+11E6F) * '''Khotanese''' (U+11E70-U+11ECF) * '''Pallava''' (U+11F60-U+11FAF) * '''''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-B''' (U+14680-U+151FF)'' * '''Mayan Hieroglyphs''' (U+15500-U+15AFF) * '''Kore Sebeli''' (U+15B00-U+15B6F) * '''Mandombe''' (U+15B80-U+15FFF) * '''Wei Rma''' (U+16000-U+1604F) * '''Wagindara''' (U+16050-U+1607F) * '''Kurukh Banna''' (U+16140-U+1618F) * '''Moon''' (U+161A0-U+161FF) * '''Blissymbols''' (U+16200-U+167FF) * '''Woleai''' (U+16B90-U+16BFF) * '''Kpelle''' (U+16C00-U+16C7F) * '''Tikamuli''' (U+16C80-U+16CBF) * '''Tangsa (Khimhun)''' (U+16CD0-U+16CFF) * '''Afaka''' (U+16D00-U+16D3F) * '''Kulitan''' (U+16DD0-U+16DFF) * '''''Bopomofo Extended-A''' (U+16FA0-U+16FAF)'' * '''Kanbun Extended-A''' (U+16FB0-U+16FDF) * '''Khitan Large Script''' (U+19200-U+199FF) * '''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''' (U+19E00-U+1A2FF) * '''Eskaya''' (U+1A300-U+1A75F) * '''Rejang Extended''' (U+1A760-U+1A77F) * '''''Kaida''''' (U+1A780-U+1A7FF) * '''Naxi Dongba''' (U+1A800-U+1ACFF) * '''''Naxi Geba''' (U+1AD00-U+1AFCF)'' * '''''Kana Extended-C''' (U+1AFD0-U+1AFEF)'' * '''Shuishu Logograms''' (U+1B300-U+1B5FF) * '''Lisu Syllabic Script''' (U+1B600-U+1B9FF) * '''Indus''' (U+1BA00-U+1BB8F) * '''Pitman Shorthand''' (U+1BCB0-U+1BCFF) * '''Proto-Elamite''' (U+1BE00-U+1C37F) * '''Linear Elamite''' (U+1C380-U+1C4FF) * '''Ndiko Jonam''' (U+1CB30-U+1CB7F) * '''N<nowiki>'</nowiki>ti''' (U+1CB80-U+1CBAF) * '''Old Chinese Musical Symbols (Flute and Pipa)''' (U+1D290-U+1D2BF) * '''''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D380-U+1D3FF)'' * '''Jianzi Format Controls''' (U+1DAE0-U+1DAFF) * '''Eebee Hmong''' (U+1E150-U+1E1FF) * '''Western Cham''' (U+1E200-U+1E26F) * '''Loma''' (U+1E300-U+1E41F) * '''Bagam''' (U+1E420-U+1E4CF) * '''Pungchen''' (U+1E500-U+1E52F) * '''''Pungchung''' (U+1E530-U+1E55F)'' * '''''Marchung''' (U+1E560-U+1E59F)'' * '''Brusha''' (U+1E5A0-U+1E5CF) * '''''Chola''' (U+1E600-U+1E65F)'' * '''Box-Headed''' (U+1E660-U+1E6BF) * '''Lampung''' (U+1E700-U+1E73F) * '''Kerinci''' (U+1E740-U+1E76F) * '''Buginese Supplement''' (U+1E770-U+1E7BF) * '''''Lontara Bilang-Bilang''' (U+1E7C0-U+1E7DF)'' * '''N'Ko Supplement''' (U+1E960-1E97F) * '''''Byblos''''' (U+1EB90-U+1EBFF) * '''Persian Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC00-U+1EC7F) * '''Diwani Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ECC0-U+1ECFF) * '''''Extended Pictographic Characters''' (U+1FC00-U+1FFFF)'' == References == {{reflist}} makv58nfoj9lntjdlkn8mtqmk09nf5y 4 112405 4673433 4673164 2026-10-01T12:42:32Z MediaWiki message delivery 1188004 /* Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist */ new section 4673433 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:CHAT|WB:RR/G|WB:GENERAL}} {{TOC left|limit=3}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(60d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 |key = 7a0ac23cf8049e4d9ff70cabb5649d1a }} Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room. {{clear}} [[Category:Reading room]] == Call for administrators == Any experienced editor who has a good understanding of Wikibooks' policies should consider applying for administrator permissions at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]]. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:10, 5 August 2026 (UTC) :Is there a page here that describes what admins do? I am curious because I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:ListUsers?username=&group=sysop&wpsubmit=&wpFormIdentifier=mw-listusers-form&limit=50 List of admins] and I see that there are already quite a few admins here and wonder which areas have a shortage. :Just curious. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 00:56, 16 September 2026 (UTC) ::[[Wikibooks:Administrators]]. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 01:09, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == August 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 Next 25] == <div class="border-box" style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)"> <div class="box" style="float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;">[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]</div> Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities in August. Both sessions will focus on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 the Next 25 initiative], including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25/A_proposal_to_frame_Next_25 framing the initiative]. Participants may attend either or both Café sessions. #'''29 August 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788015600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe #'''30 August 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788058800 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific Please see the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Café] page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session agenda details] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]! To subscribe or unsubscribe for Café notices on your talk page please [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 go here]. <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]</div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">༄ᨒ𖠰 Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 01:32, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Wikibooks project is not defined by goal == If it is for texbooks why is it called Wikibooks? It should be called Wikitextbooks! If it is for textbooks why does it contain cookbooks? For textbooks it's not supposed to have a [[Wikibooks:Featured books]]. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 09:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :It's "textbooks" broadly construed: guides, manuals, how-tos, etc. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:15, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::So we should change "Wikibooks:Featured books" to "Wikibooks:Featured texts". [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::I disagree and even if I agreed, it would be priority #49,389. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::::It's according to community consensus that says this website contains textbooks not books. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:23, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::::"[[wb:WIW|Simply, Wikibooks is a collection of open-content textbooks.]]" [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:26, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Most textbooks are made by collaboration of some authors, co-authors and editors. Wikibooks help pages and guidelines remain silent when it comes to stages of writing a new texbooks. Even [[Using Wikibooks]] is not complete emough for enthusiasts. --[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 18:13, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]], In my opinion this is a good question. I wish more users would chime in. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:10, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == Wishlist 2027, invitation to share feedback == Hi, I’m [[m:User:SPerry-WMF|Sonja]] and I lead some of the [[mw:Contributors|teams]] at the Foundation who will be responsible for picking up wish work under the new wishlist process. As you may know, the [[m:Community_Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] started out as an annual process through which Wikimedia contributors submit and vote on technical improvements they would like the Wikimedia Foundation to work on. The main goal of it is and has been to improve the editing experience by making changes and features the community asks for specifically. In recent years, the process behind the wishlist has changed, and we’ve heard from many of you that it no longer meets many community members’ needs. So now, the Foundation is designing a new process with the community to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent, balanced across project families and language editions, and takes into account what the Foundation can deliver. I would like to get community input specifically on these three stages of the Wishlist process: * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#triage|'''triage stage''']], meaning how wishes are fleshed out, organized and filtered prior to voting ** We recommend to have a working group, including volunteers from various wikis and Wikimedia Foundation staff to work through this together * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#vote|'''voting stage''']], including who may vote and how votes are structured * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#postvote|'''post-vote stage''']], including how to bring equity into what work is prioritized ** One way to do this is to rank wishes within 3 categories: Large Wikipedias or covering all wikis, small and medium-sized Wikipedias, and '''sister projects''', so that top-voted wishes from smaller projects also get attention This message is an abstract of the full proposed process. As you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]] (available in your language), please speak up about whether you think this will work well or if there are ways to make it stronger. Regarding the timeline, this consultation is open for two weeks. You can post your feedback on Meta (in your preferred language) or in response below. For this year’s cycle, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#timeline|we plan]] to have the wish submission period in late October/early November and the triage process completed by late November. To respect the end-of-year holiday season, voting would happen in early to mid January. This first voting cycle is meant as a first step to try out a new process, and there will be more opportunities to provide feedback along the way, so that we can figure out the best process for future years together. [[oldwikisource:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 13:52, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you to everyone who engaged in the discussion around [[m:Talk:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|the proposal from August 26]]. We've processed your feedback and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027&diff=prev&oldid=31041090 made changes] accordingly. Note that we weren’t able to implement all of it for this cycle, mostly for logistical reasons, but this is merely meant to be a first step and we will continue to improve this process with you all before we run through the next cycle. We plan to use [[m:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#Updated_Community_Wishlist_Process_2027/2028|this updated version]] for the Wishlist 2027, and we look forward to hearing from you all during the submission and voting periods. :[[:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 14:49, 17 September 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:SPerry-WMF|User:SPerry-WMF]],@[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]: Thank you for posting info regarding the wishlist to the English Wikibooks. I am sure there are many new users here who can benefit. ::I used to participate in those discussions years ago and I know a lot of effort goes into making discussions useful not only for users of wikipedia, but also for the many language versions of the smaller wikimedia projects such as Wikibooks. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:28, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == How Do I Get My Book On A Shelf? == Help, I don't know how shelves work. I don't know how to put my book on a shelf. Can anyone help? The book is called''' Art And AI''' [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 23:00, 8 September 2026 (UTC) : Which shelf are you referring? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:45, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == Who is allowed to delete pages here? == On Aug 14, 2026 a user by the name of Max deleted a page I created in my user space. I don't see max in the list of admins here. Do they have the right to delete pages? Is there any documentation here I can consult? Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 22:38, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :We have local admins who have the technical ability to delete pages and virtually all material deleted here would be done by us (I'm one of them). A fairly small amount of users have global rights across all Wikimedia Foundation wikis and they will very rarely make deletions (e.g. if there are some kind of legal implications to material). [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] was deleted by [[User:Max]], who has [[Special:UserRights/Max|no special rights here]] but is one of the [[:m:Global sysops|global sysops]] I mentioned earlier. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:55, 15 September 2026 (UTC) : Probably unrelated to the above, but Ottawahitech should do that with their account, unless if they are blocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:33, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Agreed and [[User:Ottawahitech]] is not blocked here, so no idea why he's using a temp account. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 23:43, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :::There may be many reasons registered users are "editing" without logging in. Is it possible that they want to go about peacefully without attracting too much attention? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 15:01, 16 September 2026 (UTC) :::: We neither have a policy nor a guideline about this, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:12, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Assistance to get page reviewed == My page is a translation page: [[Baiyi Zhuan]] It is a single page, it is translated according to my own ability and familiarity with the language with a disclosure on external tools. I would like it to get reviewed if possible as I do not have the rights. [[User:Taitesena|Taitesena]] ([[User talk:Taitesena|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Taitesena|contribs]]) 11:19, 18 September 2026 (UTC) == Translation of books == Hello, I would like to translate books from other Wikibooks into English. Are there any guidelines regarding how to do this? [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:34, 20 September 2026 (UTC) : This has yet to be expanded, but you might want to take a look at [[Wikibooks:Content translation]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:13, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Feedback on Wikibooks redirect == I would like your feedback on my proposal to make [[Wikibooks:Username|this page]] redirect to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]? I would do it myself, but it is not possible due to the fact that [[Wikibooks:Username]] can only be made by admins. This is because [[Wikibooks:Username policy]] also links to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]. Regards, [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:37, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) This seems like a good idea to me. [[User:Alextejthompson|''Alextejthompson'']] (''Ping me or leave a message on my [[User talk:Alextejthompson|talk page]]'') 17:49, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages created by [[User:Sisterian]] == I have checked with AI checkers (GPTZero, ZeroGPT) and they claim that these pages have been made with the use of GenAI. I do not know whether this is correct or not; because yes, AI checkers can and do make mistakes. I have tried reaching out to the person via talk page, to no response. I am asking for input just to see what the future of these pages are. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you for flagging this @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]]. I have looked at these pages personally, and there is fairly conclusive evidence that this user has been using genAI/LLMs for their contributions. I have warned them accordingly. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == I'm in the process of creating a separate page describing the removal of admin permissions == As the section title says, please see [[User:Codename Noreste/sandbox]] and feel free to make any adjustments. We might consider moving this to [[Wikibooks:Administrators/De-adminship]] someday. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:05, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:46, 25 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31080832 --> == FlaggedRevs again == Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Editors on group 1 wikis, including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on '''October 5 at 07:00 UTC''' as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make higher-value changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project]] or [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]].<br/>Please reach out if you have any questions, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:42, 1 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31106967 --> 94uh8gq6j5dfu78qdt4pvom854uo0yf 4673462 4673433 2026-10-01T15:02:47Z Codename Noreste 3441010 /* FlaggedRevs again */ ([[:m:User:Max/MaxEdit.js|MaxEdit]]) 4673462 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:CHAT|WB:RR/G|WB:GENERAL}} {{TOC left|limit=3}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(60d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 |key = 7a0ac23cf8049e4d9ff70cabb5649d1a }} Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room. {{clear}} [[Category:Reading room]] == Call for administrators == Any experienced editor who has a good understanding of Wikibooks' policies should consider applying for administrator permissions at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]]. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:10, 5 August 2026 (UTC) :Is there a page here that describes what admins do? I am curious because I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:ListUsers?username=&group=sysop&wpsubmit=&wpFormIdentifier=mw-listusers-form&limit=50 List of admins] and I see that there are already quite a few admins here and wonder which areas have a shortage. :Just curious. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 00:56, 16 September 2026 (UTC) ::[[Wikibooks:Administrators]]. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 01:09, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == August 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 Next 25] == <div class="border-box" style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)"> <div class="box" style="float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;">[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]</div> Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities in August. Both sessions will focus on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 the Next 25 initiative], including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25/A_proposal_to_frame_Next_25 framing the initiative]. Participants may attend either or both Café sessions. #'''29 August 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788015600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe #'''30 August 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788058800 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific Please see the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Café] page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session agenda details] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]! To subscribe or unsubscribe for Café notices on your talk page please [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 go here]. <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]</div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">༄ᨒ𖠰 Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 01:32, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Wikibooks project is not defined by goal == If it is for texbooks why is it called Wikibooks? It should be called Wikitextbooks! If it is for textbooks why does it contain cookbooks? For textbooks it's not supposed to have a [[Wikibooks:Featured books]]. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 09:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :It's "textbooks" broadly construed: guides, manuals, how-tos, etc. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:15, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::So we should change "Wikibooks:Featured books" to "Wikibooks:Featured texts". [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::I disagree and even if I agreed, it would be priority #49,389. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::::It's according to community consensus that says this website contains textbooks not books. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:23, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::::"[[wb:WIW|Simply, Wikibooks is a collection of open-content textbooks.]]" [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:26, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Most textbooks are made by collaboration of some authors, co-authors and editors. Wikibooks help pages and guidelines remain silent when it comes to stages of writing a new texbooks. Even [[Using Wikibooks]] is not complete emough for enthusiasts. --[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 18:13, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]], In my opinion this is a good question. I wish more users would chime in. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:10, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == Wishlist 2027, invitation to share feedback == Hi, I’m [[m:User:SPerry-WMF|Sonja]] and I lead some of the [[mw:Contributors|teams]] at the Foundation who will be responsible for picking up wish work under the new wishlist process. As you may know, the [[m:Community_Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] started out as an annual process through which Wikimedia contributors submit and vote on technical improvements they would like the Wikimedia Foundation to work on. The main goal of it is and has been to improve the editing experience by making changes and features the community asks for specifically. In recent years, the process behind the wishlist has changed, and we’ve heard from many of you that it no longer meets many community members’ needs. So now, the Foundation is designing a new process with the community to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent, balanced across project families and language editions, and takes into account what the Foundation can deliver. I would like to get community input specifically on these three stages of the Wishlist process: * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#triage|'''triage stage''']], meaning how wishes are fleshed out, organized and filtered prior to voting ** We recommend to have a working group, including volunteers from various wikis and Wikimedia Foundation staff to work through this together * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#vote|'''voting stage''']], including who may vote and how votes are structured * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#postvote|'''post-vote stage''']], including how to bring equity into what work is prioritized ** One way to do this is to rank wishes within 3 categories: Large Wikipedias or covering all wikis, small and medium-sized Wikipedias, and '''sister projects''', so that top-voted wishes from smaller projects also get attention This message is an abstract of the full proposed process. As you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]] (available in your language), please speak up about whether you think this will work well or if there are ways to make it stronger. Regarding the timeline, this consultation is open for two weeks. You can post your feedback on Meta (in your preferred language) or in response below. For this year’s cycle, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#timeline|we plan]] to have the wish submission period in late October/early November and the triage process completed by late November. To respect the end-of-year holiday season, voting would happen in early to mid January. This first voting cycle is meant as a first step to try out a new process, and there will be more opportunities to provide feedback along the way, so that we can figure out the best process for future years together. [[oldwikisource:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 13:52, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you to everyone who engaged in the discussion around [[m:Talk:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|the proposal from August 26]]. We've processed your feedback and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027&diff=prev&oldid=31041090 made changes] accordingly. Note that we weren’t able to implement all of it for this cycle, mostly for logistical reasons, but this is merely meant to be a first step and we will continue to improve this process with you all before we run through the next cycle. We plan to use [[m:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#Updated_Community_Wishlist_Process_2027/2028|this updated version]] for the Wishlist 2027, and we look forward to hearing from you all during the submission and voting periods. :[[:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 14:49, 17 September 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:SPerry-WMF|User:SPerry-WMF]],@[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]: Thank you for posting info regarding the wishlist to the English Wikibooks. I am sure there are many new users here who can benefit. ::I used to participate in those discussions years ago and I know a lot of effort goes into making discussions useful not only for users of wikipedia, but also for the many language versions of the smaller wikimedia projects such as Wikibooks. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:28, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == How Do I Get My Book On A Shelf? == Help, I don't know how shelves work. I don't know how to put my book on a shelf. Can anyone help? The book is called''' Art And AI''' [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 23:00, 8 September 2026 (UTC) : Which shelf are you referring? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:45, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == Who is allowed to delete pages here? == On Aug 14, 2026 a user by the name of Max deleted a page I created in my user space. I don't see max in the list of admins here. Do they have the right to delete pages? Is there any documentation here I can consult? Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 22:38, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :We have local admins who have the technical ability to delete pages and virtually all material deleted here would be done by us (I'm one of them). A fairly small amount of users have global rights across all Wikimedia Foundation wikis and they will very rarely make deletions (e.g. if there are some kind of legal implications to material). [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] was deleted by [[User:Max]], who has [[Special:UserRights/Max|no special rights here]] but is one of the [[:m:Global sysops|global sysops]] I mentioned earlier. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:55, 15 September 2026 (UTC) : Probably unrelated to the above, but Ottawahitech should do that with their account, unless if they are blocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:33, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Agreed and [[User:Ottawahitech]] is not blocked here, so no idea why he's using a temp account. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 23:43, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :::There may be many reasons registered users are "editing" without logging in. Is it possible that they want to go about peacefully without attracting too much attention? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 15:01, 16 September 2026 (UTC) :::: We neither have a policy nor a guideline about this, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:12, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Assistance to get page reviewed == My page is a translation page: [[Baiyi Zhuan]] It is a single page, it is translated according to my own ability and familiarity with the language with a disclosure on external tools. I would like it to get reviewed if possible as I do not have the rights. [[User:Taitesena|Taitesena]] ([[User talk:Taitesena|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Taitesena|contribs]]) 11:19, 18 September 2026 (UTC) == Translation of books == Hello, I would like to translate books from other Wikibooks into English. Are there any guidelines regarding how to do this? [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:34, 20 September 2026 (UTC) : This has yet to be expanded, but you might want to take a look at [[Wikibooks:Content translation]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:13, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Feedback on Wikibooks redirect == I would like your feedback on my proposal to make [[Wikibooks:Username|this page]] redirect to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]? I would do it myself, but it is not possible due to the fact that [[Wikibooks:Username]] can only be made by admins. This is because [[Wikibooks:Username policy]] also links to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]. Regards, [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:37, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) This seems like a good idea to me. [[User:Alextejthompson|''Alextejthompson'']] (''Ping me or leave a message on my [[User talk:Alextejthompson|talk page]]'') 17:49, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages created by [[User:Sisterian]] == I have checked with AI checkers (GPTZero, ZeroGPT) and they claim that these pages have been made with the use of GenAI. I do not know whether this is correct or not; because yes, AI checkers can and do make mistakes. I have tried reaching out to the person via talk page, to no response. I am asking for input just to see what the future of these pages are. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you for flagging this @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]]. I have looked at these pages personally, and there is fairly conclusive evidence that this user has been using genAI/LLMs for their contributions. I have warned them accordingly. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == I'm in the process of creating a separate page describing the removal of admin permissions == As the section title says, please see [[User:Codename Noreste/sandbox]] and feel free to make any adjustments. We might consider moving this to [[Wikibooks:Administrators/De-adminship]] someday. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:05, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:46, 25 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31080832 --> == FlaggedRevs again == Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and thier respective user groups. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Editors on group 1 wikis, including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on '''October 5 at 07:00 UTC''' as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make higher-value changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project]] or [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]].<br/>Please reach out if you have any questions, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:42, 1 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31106967 --> rjcow4uwxyhbtervz501oss09z0f47n 4673471 4673462 2026-10-01T15:51:40Z Omphalographer 3427146 /* FlaggedRevs again */ Reply 4673471 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:CHAT|WB:RR/G|WB:GENERAL}} {{TOC left|limit=3}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(60d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 |key = 7a0ac23cf8049e4d9ff70cabb5649d1a }} Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room. {{clear}} [[Category:Reading room]] == Call for administrators == Any experienced editor who has a good understanding of Wikibooks' policies should consider applying for administrator permissions at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]]. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:10, 5 August 2026 (UTC) :Is there a page here that describes what admins do? I am curious because I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:ListUsers?username=&group=sysop&wpsubmit=&wpFormIdentifier=mw-listusers-form&limit=50 List of admins] and I see that there are already quite a few admins here and wonder which areas have a shortage. :Just curious. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 00:56, 16 September 2026 (UTC) ::[[Wikibooks:Administrators]]. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 01:09, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == August 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 Next 25] == <div class="border-box" style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)"> <div class="box" style="float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;">[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]</div> Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities in August. Both sessions will focus on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 the Next 25 initiative], including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25/A_proposal_to_frame_Next_25 framing the initiative]. Participants may attend either or both Café sessions. #'''29 August 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788015600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe #'''30 August 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788058800 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific Please see the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Café] page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session agenda details] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]! To subscribe or unsubscribe for Café notices on your talk page please [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 go here]. <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]</div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">༄ᨒ𖠰 Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 01:32, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Wikibooks project is not defined by goal == If it is for texbooks why is it called Wikibooks? It should be called Wikitextbooks! If it is for textbooks why does it contain cookbooks? For textbooks it's not supposed to have a [[Wikibooks:Featured books]]. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 09:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :It's "textbooks" broadly construed: guides, manuals, how-tos, etc. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:15, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::So we should change "Wikibooks:Featured books" to "Wikibooks:Featured texts". [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::I disagree and even if I agreed, it would be priority #49,389. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::::It's according to community consensus that says this website contains textbooks not books. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:23, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::::"[[wb:WIW|Simply, Wikibooks is a collection of open-content textbooks.]]" [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:26, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Most textbooks are made by collaboration of some authors, co-authors and editors. Wikibooks help pages and guidelines remain silent when it comes to stages of writing a new texbooks. Even [[Using Wikibooks]] is not complete emough for enthusiasts. --[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 18:13, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]], In my opinion this is a good question. I wish more users would chime in. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:10, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == Wishlist 2027, invitation to share feedback == Hi, I’m [[m:User:SPerry-WMF|Sonja]] and I lead some of the [[mw:Contributors|teams]] at the Foundation who will be responsible for picking up wish work under the new wishlist process. As you may know, the [[m:Community_Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] started out as an annual process through which Wikimedia contributors submit and vote on technical improvements they would like the Wikimedia Foundation to work on. The main goal of it is and has been to improve the editing experience by making changes and features the community asks for specifically. In recent years, the process behind the wishlist has changed, and we’ve heard from many of you that it no longer meets many community members’ needs. So now, the Foundation is designing a new process with the community to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent, balanced across project families and language editions, and takes into account what the Foundation can deliver. I would like to get community input specifically on these three stages of the Wishlist process: * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#triage|'''triage stage''']], meaning how wishes are fleshed out, organized and filtered prior to voting ** We recommend to have a working group, including volunteers from various wikis and Wikimedia Foundation staff to work through this together * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#vote|'''voting stage''']], including who may vote and how votes are structured * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#postvote|'''post-vote stage''']], including how to bring equity into what work is prioritized ** One way to do this is to rank wishes within 3 categories: Large Wikipedias or covering all wikis, small and medium-sized Wikipedias, and '''sister projects''', so that top-voted wishes from smaller projects also get attention This message is an abstract of the full proposed process. As you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]] (available in your language), please speak up about whether you think this will work well or if there are ways to make it stronger. Regarding the timeline, this consultation is open for two weeks. You can post your feedback on Meta (in your preferred language) or in response below. For this year’s cycle, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#timeline|we plan]] to have the wish submission period in late October/early November and the triage process completed by late November. To respect the end-of-year holiday season, voting would happen in early to mid January. This first voting cycle is meant as a first step to try out a new process, and there will be more opportunities to provide feedback along the way, so that we can figure out the best process for future years together. [[oldwikisource:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 13:52, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you to everyone who engaged in the discussion around [[m:Talk:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|the proposal from August 26]]. We've processed your feedback and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027&diff=prev&oldid=31041090 made changes] accordingly. Note that we weren’t able to implement all of it for this cycle, mostly for logistical reasons, but this is merely meant to be a first step and we will continue to improve this process with you all before we run through the next cycle. We plan to use [[m:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#Updated_Community_Wishlist_Process_2027/2028|this updated version]] for the Wishlist 2027, and we look forward to hearing from you all during the submission and voting periods. :[[:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 14:49, 17 September 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:SPerry-WMF|User:SPerry-WMF]],@[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]: Thank you for posting info regarding the wishlist to the English Wikibooks. I am sure there are many new users here who can benefit. ::I used to participate in those discussions years ago and I know a lot of effort goes into making discussions useful not only for users of wikipedia, but also for the many language versions of the smaller wikimedia projects such as Wikibooks. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:28, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == How Do I Get My Book On A Shelf? == Help, I don't know how shelves work. I don't know how to put my book on a shelf. Can anyone help? The book is called''' Art And AI''' [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 23:00, 8 September 2026 (UTC) : Which shelf are you referring? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:45, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == Who is allowed to delete pages here? == On Aug 14, 2026 a user by the name of Max deleted a page I created in my user space. I don't see max in the list of admins here. Do they have the right to delete pages? Is there any documentation here I can consult? Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 22:38, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :We have local admins who have the technical ability to delete pages and virtually all material deleted here would be done by us (I'm one of them). A fairly small amount of users have global rights across all Wikimedia Foundation wikis and they will very rarely make deletions (e.g. if there are some kind of legal implications to material). [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] was deleted by [[User:Max]], who has [[Special:UserRights/Max|no special rights here]] but is one of the [[:m:Global sysops|global sysops]] I mentioned earlier. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:55, 15 September 2026 (UTC) : Probably unrelated to the above, but Ottawahitech should do that with their account, unless if they are blocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:33, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Agreed and [[User:Ottawahitech]] is not blocked here, so no idea why he's using a temp account. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 23:43, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :::There may be many reasons registered users are "editing" without logging in. Is it possible that they want to go about peacefully without attracting too much attention? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 15:01, 16 September 2026 (UTC) :::: We neither have a policy nor a guideline about this, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:12, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Assistance to get page reviewed == My page is a translation page: [[Baiyi Zhuan]] It is a single page, it is translated according to my own ability and familiarity with the language with a disclosure on external tools. I would like it to get reviewed if possible as I do not have the rights. [[User:Taitesena|Taitesena]] ([[User talk:Taitesena|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Taitesena|contribs]]) 11:19, 18 September 2026 (UTC) == Translation of books == Hello, I would like to translate books from other Wikibooks into English. Are there any guidelines regarding how to do this? [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:34, 20 September 2026 (UTC) : This has yet to be expanded, but you might want to take a look at [[Wikibooks:Content translation]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:13, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Feedback on Wikibooks redirect == I would like your feedback on my proposal to make [[Wikibooks:Username|this page]] redirect to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]? I would do it myself, but it is not possible due to the fact that [[Wikibooks:Username]] can only be made by admins. This is because [[Wikibooks:Username policy]] also links to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]. Regards, [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:37, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) This seems like a good idea to me. [[User:Alextejthompson|''Alextejthompson'']] (''Ping me or leave a message on my [[User talk:Alextejthompson|talk page]]'') 17:49, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages created by [[User:Sisterian]] == I have checked with AI checkers (GPTZero, ZeroGPT) and they claim that these pages have been made with the use of GenAI. I do not know whether this is correct or not; because yes, AI checkers can and do make mistakes. I have tried reaching out to the person via talk page, to no response. I am asking for input just to see what the future of these pages are. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you for flagging this @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]]. I have looked at these pages personally, and there is fairly conclusive evidence that this user has been using genAI/LLMs for their contributions. I have warned them accordingly. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == I'm in the process of creating a separate page describing the removal of admin permissions == As the section title says, please see [[User:Codename Noreste/sandbox]] and feel free to make any adjustments. We might consider moving this to [[Wikibooks:Administrators/De-adminship]] someday. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:05, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:46, 25 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31080832 --> == FlaggedRevs again == Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and thier respective user groups. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Editors on group 1 wikis, including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on '''October 5 at 07:00 UTC''' as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make higher-value changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project]] or [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]].<br/>Please reach out if you have any questions, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:42, 1 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31106967 --> 2kykongf0v0nl64zgxbzha7cwamyxv9 4673501 4673471 2026-10-01T17:16:08Z Codename Noreste 3441010 /* FlaggedRevs again */ edit opening comment ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 4673501 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:CHAT|WB:RR/G|WB:GENERAL}} {{TOC left|limit=3}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(60d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 |key = 7a0ac23cf8049e4d9ff70cabb5649d1a }} Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room. {{clear}} [[Category:Reading room]] == Call for administrators == Any experienced editor who has a good understanding of Wikibooks' policies should consider applying for administrator permissions at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]]. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:10, 5 August 2026 (UTC) :Is there a page here that describes what admins do? I am curious because I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:ListUsers?username=&group=sysop&wpsubmit=&wpFormIdentifier=mw-listusers-form&limit=50 List of admins] and I see that there are already quite a few admins here and wonder which areas have a shortage. :Just curious. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 00:56, 16 September 2026 (UTC) ::[[Wikibooks:Administrators]]. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 01:09, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == August 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 Next 25] == <div class="border-box" style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)"> <div class="box" style="float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;">[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]</div> Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities in August. Both sessions will focus on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 the Next 25 initiative], including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25/A_proposal_to_frame_Next_25 framing the initiative]. Participants may attend either or both Café sessions. #'''29 August 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788015600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe #'''30 August 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788058800 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific Please see the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Café] page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session agenda details] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]! To subscribe or unsubscribe for Café notices on your talk page please [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 go here]. <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]</div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">༄ᨒ𖠰 Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 01:32, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Wikibooks project is not defined by goal == If it is for texbooks why is it called Wikibooks? It should be called Wikitextbooks! If it is for textbooks why does it contain cookbooks? For textbooks it's not supposed to have a [[Wikibooks:Featured books]]. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 09:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :It's "textbooks" broadly construed: guides, manuals, how-tos, etc. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:15, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::So we should change "Wikibooks:Featured books" to "Wikibooks:Featured texts". [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::I disagree and even if I agreed, it would be priority #49,389. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::::It's according to community consensus that says this website contains textbooks not books. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:23, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::::"[[wb:WIW|Simply, Wikibooks is a collection of open-content textbooks.]]" [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:26, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Most textbooks are made by collaboration of some authors, co-authors and editors. Wikibooks help pages and guidelines remain silent when it comes to stages of writing a new texbooks. Even [[Using Wikibooks]] is not complete emough for enthusiasts. --[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 18:13, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]], In my opinion this is a good question. I wish more users would chime in. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:10, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == Wishlist 2027, invitation to share feedback == Hi, I’m [[m:User:SPerry-WMF|Sonja]] and I lead some of the [[mw:Contributors|teams]] at the Foundation who will be responsible for picking up wish work under the new wishlist process. As you may know, the [[m:Community_Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] started out as an annual process through which Wikimedia contributors submit and vote on technical improvements they would like the Wikimedia Foundation to work on. The main goal of it is and has been to improve the editing experience by making changes and features the community asks for specifically. In recent years, the process behind the wishlist has changed, and we’ve heard from many of you that it no longer meets many community members’ needs. So now, the Foundation is designing a new process with the community to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent, balanced across project families and language editions, and takes into account what the Foundation can deliver. I would like to get community input specifically on these three stages of the Wishlist process: * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#triage|'''triage stage''']], meaning how wishes are fleshed out, organized and filtered prior to voting ** We recommend to have a working group, including volunteers from various wikis and Wikimedia Foundation staff to work through this together * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#vote|'''voting stage''']], including who may vote and how votes are structured * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#postvote|'''post-vote stage''']], including how to bring equity into what work is prioritized ** One way to do this is to rank wishes within 3 categories: Large Wikipedias or covering all wikis, small and medium-sized Wikipedias, and '''sister projects''', so that top-voted wishes from smaller projects also get attention This message is an abstract of the full proposed process. As you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]] (available in your language), please speak up about whether you think this will work well or if there are ways to make it stronger. Regarding the timeline, this consultation is open for two weeks. You can post your feedback on Meta (in your preferred language) or in response below. For this year’s cycle, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#timeline|we plan]] to have the wish submission period in late October/early November and the triage process completed by late November. To respect the end-of-year holiday season, voting would happen in early to mid January. This first voting cycle is meant as a first step to try out a new process, and there will be more opportunities to provide feedback along the way, so that we can figure out the best process for future years together. [[oldwikisource:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 13:52, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you to everyone who engaged in the discussion around [[m:Talk:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|the proposal from August 26]]. We've processed your feedback and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027&diff=prev&oldid=31041090 made changes] accordingly. Note that we weren’t able to implement all of it for this cycle, mostly for logistical reasons, but this is merely meant to be a first step and we will continue to improve this process with you all before we run through the next cycle. We plan to use [[m:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#Updated_Community_Wishlist_Process_2027/2028|this updated version]] for the Wishlist 2027, and we look forward to hearing from you all during the submission and voting periods. :[[:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 14:49, 17 September 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:SPerry-WMF|User:SPerry-WMF]],@[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]: Thank you for posting info regarding the wishlist to the English Wikibooks. I am sure there are many new users here who can benefit. ::I used to participate in those discussions years ago and I know a lot of effort goes into making discussions useful not only for users of wikipedia, but also for the many language versions of the smaller wikimedia projects such as Wikibooks. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:28, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == How Do I Get My Book On A Shelf? == Help, I don't know how shelves work. I don't know how to put my book on a shelf. Can anyone help? The book is called''' Art And AI''' [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 23:00, 8 September 2026 (UTC) : Which shelf are you referring? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:45, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == Who is allowed to delete pages here? == On Aug 14, 2026 a user by the name of Max deleted a page I created in my user space. I don't see max in the list of admins here. Do they have the right to delete pages? Is there any documentation here I can consult? Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 22:38, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :We have local admins who have the technical ability to delete pages and virtually all material deleted here would be done by us (I'm one of them). A fairly small amount of users have global rights across all Wikimedia Foundation wikis and they will very rarely make deletions (e.g. if there are some kind of legal implications to material). [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] was deleted by [[User:Max]], who has [[Special:UserRights/Max|no special rights here]] but is one of the [[:m:Global sysops|global sysops]] I mentioned earlier. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:55, 15 September 2026 (UTC) : Probably unrelated to the above, but Ottawahitech should do that with their account, unless if they are blocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:33, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Agreed and [[User:Ottawahitech]] is not blocked here, so no idea why he's using a temp account. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 23:43, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :::There may be many reasons registered users are "editing" without logging in. Is it possible that they want to go about peacefully without attracting too much attention? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 15:01, 16 September 2026 (UTC) :::: We neither have a policy nor a guideline about this, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:12, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Assistance to get page reviewed == My page is a translation page: [[Baiyi Zhuan]] It is a single page, it is translated according to my own ability and familiarity with the language with a disclosure on external tools. I would like it to get reviewed if possible as I do not have the rights. [[User:Taitesena|Taitesena]] ([[User talk:Taitesena|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Taitesena|contribs]]) 11:19, 18 September 2026 (UTC) == Translation of books == Hello, I would like to translate books from other Wikibooks into English. Are there any guidelines regarding how to do this? [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:34, 20 September 2026 (UTC) : This has yet to be expanded, but you might want to take a look at [[Wikibooks:Content translation]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:13, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Feedback on Wikibooks redirect == I would like your feedback on my proposal to make [[Wikibooks:Username|this page]] redirect to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]? I would do it myself, but it is not possible due to the fact that [[Wikibooks:Username]] can only be made by admins. This is because [[Wikibooks:Username policy]] also links to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]. Regards, [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:37, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) This seems like a good idea to me. [[User:Alextejthompson|''Alextejthompson'']] (''Ping me or leave a message on my [[User talk:Alextejthompson|talk page]]'') 17:49, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages created by [[User:Sisterian]] == I have checked with AI checkers (GPTZero, ZeroGPT) and they claim that these pages have been made with the use of GenAI. I do not know whether this is correct or not; because yes, AI checkers can and do make mistakes. I have tried reaching out to the person via talk page, to no response. I am asking for input just to see what the future of these pages are. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you for flagging this @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]]. I have looked at these pages personally, and there is fairly conclusive evidence that this user has been using genAI/LLMs for their contributions. I have warned them accordingly. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == I'm in the process of creating a separate page describing the removal of admin permissions == As the section title says, please see [[User:Codename Noreste/sandbox]] and feel free to make any adjustments. We might consider moving this to [[Wikibooks:Administrators/De-adminship]] someday. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:05, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:46, 25 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31080832 --> == FlaggedRevs again == Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Editors on group 1 wikis, including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on '''October 5 at 07:00 UTC''' as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make higher-value changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project]] or [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]].<br/>Please reach out if you have any questions, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:42, 1 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31106967 --> 1tyylt6qp0fausledbpprtxumlr17p9 4673509 4673501 2026-10-01T18:01:43Z Codename Noreste 3441010 /* FlaggedRevs again */ move to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#FlaggedRevs again]]: Moving since this will become a vote. ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 4673509 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:CHAT|WB:RR/G|WB:GENERAL}} {{TOC left|limit=3}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(60d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 |key = 7a0ac23cf8049e4d9ff70cabb5649d1a }} Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room. {{clear}} [[Category:Reading room]] == Call for administrators == Any experienced editor who has a good understanding of Wikibooks' policies should consider applying for administrator permissions at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]]. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:10, 5 August 2026 (UTC) :Is there a page here that describes what admins do? I am curious because I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:ListUsers?username=&group=sysop&wpsubmit=&wpFormIdentifier=mw-listusers-form&limit=50 List of admins] and I see that there are already quite a few admins here and wonder which areas have a shortage. :Just curious. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 00:56, 16 September 2026 (UTC) ::[[Wikibooks:Administrators]]. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 01:09, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == August 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 Next 25] == <div class="border-box" style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)"> <div class="box" style="float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;">[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]</div> Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities in August. Both sessions will focus on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 the Next 25 initiative], including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25/A_proposal_to_frame_Next_25 framing the initiative]. Participants may attend either or both Café sessions. #'''29 August 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788015600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe #'''30 August 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788058800 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific Please see the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Café] page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session agenda details] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]! To subscribe or unsubscribe for Café notices on your talk page please [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 go here]. <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]</div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">༄ᨒ𖠰 Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 01:32, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Wikibooks project is not defined by goal == If it is for texbooks why is it called Wikibooks? It should be called Wikitextbooks! If it is for textbooks why does it contain cookbooks? For textbooks it's not supposed to have a [[Wikibooks:Featured books]]. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 09:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :It's "textbooks" broadly construed: guides, manuals, how-tos, etc. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:15, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::So we should change "Wikibooks:Featured books" to "Wikibooks:Featured texts". [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::I disagree and even if I agreed, it would be priority #49,389. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) ::::It's according to community consensus that says this website contains textbooks not books. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:23, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :::::"[[wb:WIW|Simply, Wikibooks is a collection of open-content textbooks.]]" [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:26, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Most textbooks are made by collaboration of some authors, co-authors and editors. Wikibooks help pages and guidelines remain silent when it comes to stages of writing a new texbooks. Even [[Using Wikibooks]] is not complete emough for enthusiasts. --[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 18:13, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]], In my opinion this is a good question. I wish more users would chime in. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:10, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == Wishlist 2027, invitation to share feedback == Hi, I’m [[m:User:SPerry-WMF|Sonja]] and I lead some of the [[mw:Contributors|teams]] at the Foundation who will be responsible for picking up wish work under the new wishlist process. As you may know, the [[m:Community_Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] started out as an annual process through which Wikimedia contributors submit and vote on technical improvements they would like the Wikimedia Foundation to work on. The main goal of it is and has been to improve the editing experience by making changes and features the community asks for specifically. In recent years, the process behind the wishlist has changed, and we’ve heard from many of you that it no longer meets many community members’ needs. So now, the Foundation is designing a new process with the community to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent, balanced across project families and language editions, and takes into account what the Foundation can deliver. I would like to get community input specifically on these three stages of the Wishlist process: * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#triage|'''triage stage''']], meaning how wishes are fleshed out, organized and filtered prior to voting ** We recommend to have a working group, including volunteers from various wikis and Wikimedia Foundation staff to work through this together * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#vote|'''voting stage''']], including who may vote and how votes are structured * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#postvote|'''post-vote stage''']], including how to bring equity into what work is prioritized ** One way to do this is to rank wishes within 3 categories: Large Wikipedias or covering all wikis, small and medium-sized Wikipedias, and '''sister projects''', so that top-voted wishes from smaller projects also get attention This message is an abstract of the full proposed process. As you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]] (available in your language), please speak up about whether you think this will work well or if there are ways to make it stronger. Regarding the timeline, this consultation is open for two weeks. You can post your feedback on Meta (in your preferred language) or in response below. For this year’s cycle, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#timeline|we plan]] to have the wish submission period in late October/early November and the triage process completed by late November. To respect the end-of-year holiday season, voting would happen in early to mid January. This first voting cycle is meant as a first step to try out a new process, and there will be more opportunities to provide feedback along the way, so that we can figure out the best process for future years together. [[oldwikisource:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 13:52, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you to everyone who engaged in the discussion around [[m:Talk:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|the proposal from August 26]]. We've processed your feedback and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027&diff=prev&oldid=31041090 made changes] accordingly. Note that we weren’t able to implement all of it for this cycle, mostly for logistical reasons, but this is merely meant to be a first step and we will continue to improve this process with you all before we run through the next cycle. We plan to use [[m:Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#Updated_Community_Wishlist_Process_2027/2028|this updated version]] for the Wishlist 2027, and we look forward to hearing from you all during the submission and voting periods. :[[:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 14:49, 17 September 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:SPerry-WMF|User:SPerry-WMF]],@[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]: Thank you for posting info regarding the wishlist to the English Wikibooks. I am sure there are many new users here who can benefit. ::I used to participate in those discussions years ago and I know a lot of effort goes into making discussions useful not only for users of wikipedia, but also for the many language versions of the smaller wikimedia projects such as Wikibooks. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 16:28, 19 September 2026 (UTC) == How Do I Get My Book On A Shelf? == Help, I don't know how shelves work. I don't know how to put my book on a shelf. Can anyone help? The book is called''' Art And AI''' [[User:3MMPEYTON|3MMPEYTON]] ([[User talk:3MMPEYTON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/3MMPEYTON|contribs]]) 23:00, 8 September 2026 (UTC) : Which shelf are you referring? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:45, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == Who is allowed to delete pages here? == On Aug 14, 2026 a user by the name of Max deleted a page I created in my user space. I don't see max in the list of admins here. Do they have the right to delete pages? Is there any documentation here I can consult? Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 22:38, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :We have local admins who have the technical ability to delete pages and virtually all material deleted here would be done by us (I'm one of them). A fairly small amount of users have global rights across all Wikimedia Foundation wikis and they will very rarely make deletions (e.g. if there are some kind of legal implications to material). [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] was deleted by [[User:Max]], who has [[Special:UserRights/Max|no special rights here]] but is one of the [[:m:Global sysops|global sysops]] I mentioned earlier. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:55, 15 September 2026 (UTC) : Probably unrelated to the above, but Ottawahitech should do that with their account, unless if they are blocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:33, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Agreed and [[User:Ottawahitech]] is not blocked here, so no idea why he's using a temp account. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 23:43, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :::There may be many reasons registered users are "editing" without logging in. Is it possible that they want to go about peacefully without attracting too much attention? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 15:01, 16 September 2026 (UTC) :::: We neither have a policy nor a guideline about this, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:12, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Assistance to get page reviewed == My page is a translation page: [[Baiyi Zhuan]] It is a single page, it is translated according to my own ability and familiarity with the language with a disclosure on external tools. I would like it to get reviewed if possible as I do not have the rights. [[User:Taitesena|Taitesena]] ([[User talk:Taitesena|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Taitesena|contribs]]) 11:19, 18 September 2026 (UTC) == Translation of books == Hello, I would like to translate books from other Wikibooks into English. Are there any guidelines regarding how to do this? [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:34, 20 September 2026 (UTC) : This has yet to be expanded, but you might want to take a look at [[Wikibooks:Content translation]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:13, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == Feedback on Wikibooks redirect == I would like your feedback on my proposal to make [[Wikibooks:Username|this page]] redirect to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]? I would do it myself, but it is not possible due to the fact that [[Wikibooks:Username]] can only be made by admins. This is because [[Wikibooks:Username policy]] also links to [[Using Wikibooks/Setting Up A User Account#Choosing a Username|this page]]. Regards, [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:37, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) This seems like a good idea to me. [[User:Alextejthompson|''Alextejthompson'']] (''Ping me or leave a message on my [[User talk:Alextejthompson|talk page]]'') 17:49, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages created by [[User:Sisterian]] == I have checked with AI checkers (GPTZero, ZeroGPT) and they claim that these pages have been made with the use of GenAI. I do not know whether this is correct or not; because yes, AI checkers can and do make mistakes. I have tried reaching out to the person via talk page, to no response. I am asking for input just to see what the future of these pages are. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:00, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :Thank you for flagging this @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]]. I have looked at these pages personally, and there is fairly conclusive evidence that this user has been using genAI/LLMs for their contributions. I have warned them accordingly. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == I'm in the process of creating a separate page describing the removal of admin permissions == As the section title says, please see [[User:Codename Noreste/sandbox]] and feel free to make any adjustments. We might consider moving this to [[Wikibooks:Administrators/De-adminship]] someday. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:05, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:46, 25 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31080832 --> == FlaggedRevs again == <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Editors on group 1 wikis, including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on '''October 5 at 07:00 UTC''' as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make higher-value changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project]] or [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]].<br/>Please reach out if you have any questions, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:42, 1 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31106967 --> hmy6x16jgjj2hvmkzccai5qt1klckrg 4 112409 4673447 4671405 2026-10-01T14:31:16Z JCrue 2226064 /* Chess template help */ Reply 4673447 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:TECH}} {{TOC left}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(50d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |key = bf05448a5bbfa2d2a4efbdad870e68a4 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} Welcome to the '''Technical Assistance reading room'''. Get assistance on questions related to [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] markup, CSS, JavaScript, and such as they relate to Wikibooks. '''This is not a general-purpose technical support room'''. To submit a ''bug notice or feature request'' for the MediaWiki software, visit [[phabricator:|Phabricator]]. To get more information about the ''MediaWiki software'', or to download your own copy, visit [[mw:|MediaWiki]] There are also two IRC channels for technical help: {{Channel|mediawiki}} for issues about the software, and {{channel|mediawiki-core}} for [[m:WMF|WMF]] server or configuration issues. {{clear}} [[Category:Reading room]] == Examples of the navigation templates. == There are several navigation templates. I've used <nowiki>{{Navigation ...}}</nowiki> in [[Oberon|Oberon Computing]]. Someone please point to a few other books where a navigation template is used at the top of pages. Searching for a string in rendered pages is easy. Can source pages be searched? How? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 15:44, 6 September 2026 (UTC) : There is <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere?target=Template%3ANavigation Special:WhatLinksHere]</span> for that template. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:47, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == Chess template help == Hello, I have made some changes on the [[Chess/Checkmates]] page. I would like the additions that I have added similar to the format for the other subheadings (e.g. the format of my additions similar to the backrank mate), because I don't really get the syntax for the <nowiki>{{Chess diagram}}</nowiki> template. Kind regards, [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:48, 20 September 2026 (UTC) :There are instructions for how to [[:Template:Chess diagram]] in the documentation for the page, and a worked example. Basically you use the letter for the piece (r, n, k etc) and whether it is white (l, i.e. light) or black (d, i.e. dark) to represent each piece, and you put it in a field the number of which represents which square it is on the board. :An alternative is [[:Template:Chess/board]] which works differently and takes different inputs. With this one you can insert a move list (PGN notation) or a board position (FEN notation). :{{Chess diagram|tright :| :|= :|rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd|= :|pd|pd|pd|pd| |ql|pd|pd|= :| | |nd| | |nd| | |= :| | | | |pd| | | |= :| | |bl| |pl| | | |= :| | | | | | | | |= :|pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= :|rl|nl|bl| |kl| |nl|rl|= :}} :or :{{chess/board|moves=1. e4 e5 2. Qh5 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Qxf7#|scheme=orange}} :or :{{chess/board|fen=r1bqkb1r/pppp1Qpp/2n2n2/4p3/2B1P3/8/PPPP1PPP/RNB1K1NR|scheme=orange}} [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 14:31, 1 October 2026 (UTC) pboyb1ziqk36lr0g4h0hdvhoi7uuog0 0 117747 4673427 3180274 2026-10-01T12:37:05Z Jcb 90773 4673427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Radiation Oncology/NHL:TOC}} ==NHL Classification Schemes== *'''Rappaport classification (1966)''' &mdash; oldest **Developed by the AFIP (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology) **Was before lymphomas were divided into B and T cells **types: ***NODULAR: nodular histiocytic, nodular mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic, nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated, nodular lymphocytic well differentiated ***DIFFUSE: diffuse histiocytic, diffuse mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic, diffuse lymphocytic poorly differentiated, diffuse lymphocytic well differentiated, diffuse undifferentiated **ref: {{PMID|4574662}} *'''Kiel classification (1974)''' **Used in Europe **Low grade and high grade, T cell and B cell **Low grade B cell: Lymphocytic (chronic lymphocytic and prolymphocytic leukemia, hairy-cell leukemia), Lymphoplasmacytic/cytoid, Plasmacytic, Centroblastic/centrocytic (follicular or diffuse), Centrocytic **High grade B cell: Centroblastic, Immunoblastic, Large cell anaplastic, Burkitt's lymphoma, Lymphoblastic *'''Lukes and Collins (1974)''' **Separates B and T cells using immunologic typing. Was used in the United States. *'''Working Formulation (1982)''' **Devised to translate among the many different classification systems **Was based only on morphology. Based on low-power architectural arrangement (i.e. diffuse vs follicular proliferation) and high-power cytologic characteristics (nuclear outline: cleaved vs non-cleaved; cell size: small, large, or mixed). Does not consider B or T cell lineage. **low, intermediate, high grades. Special studies not used. Only 10 categories. Used letters A-J and grouped according to prognosis. **<u>Low grade</u> (groups A-C): small lymphocytic, follicular small-cleaved cell, follicular mixed small-cleaved and large cell. **<u>Intermediate grade</u> (D-G): follicular large cell, diffuse small cleaved cell (Mantle cell), diffuse mixed small and large cell, diffuse large cell **<u>High grade</u> (H-J): Large cell immunoblastic, lymphoblastic, small non-cleaved cell (Burkitt and non-Burkitt) **Reference: {{PMID|6896167}} - "National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: summary and description of a working formulation for clinical usage. The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project." Cancer. 1982 May 15;49(10):2112-35. *'''WHO/REAL (1994)''' (Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms) **Introduced by the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG) in 1994 **Reference: {{PMID|8068936}} (1994) -- "A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group." (Harris NL, Blood. 1994 Sep 1;84(5):1361-92.) **Incorporates morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, clinical features **Is not based on prognosis (unlike Working Formulation); treats each lymphoma as a separate disease process with a spectrum of aggressiveness (such as breast cancers). **About 25 categories (includes all lymphoid neoplams: Hodgkins lymphoma, non-Hodgkins, leukemias, plasma cell neoplasms, etc.). Also has myeloid, mast cell, and Langerhans cell diseases. **WHO (World Health Organization) adopted the REAL classification **Reference: {{PMID|10577857}} (1999) -- "World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997." (Harris NL, J Clin Oncol. 1999 Dec;17(12):3835-49.) *Others: Dorfman, British lymphoma system ===WHO classification=== *'''B-cell neoplasms''' **'''Precursor B-cell neoplasms''' ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Lymphoblastic|Precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma]] (precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) **'''Mature (peripheral) B-cell neoplasms''' ***B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma ***B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia ***Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma ***Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma ***Hairy cell leukemia ***[[Radiation_Oncology/Multiple_myeloma|Plasma cell myeloma/plasmacytoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/MALT|Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Nodal_marginal_zone|Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Follicular|Follicular lymphoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Mantle_cell_lymphoma|Mantle cell lymphoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/DLBCL|Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Burkitt_lymphoma|Burkitt lymphoma]] / Burkitt cell leukemia *'''T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms''' **'''Precursor T-cell neoplasm''' ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Lymphoblastic|Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia]] (precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) **'''Mature (peripheral) T/NK-cell neoplasms''' ***T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia ***T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia ***Aggressive NK-cell leukemia ***Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (HTLV1+) ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/NK_T_cell_lymphoma|Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type]] ***Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma ***Hepatosplenic gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma ***Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma ***[[Radiation_Oncology/Mycosis_fungoides|Mycosis fungoides / Sezary syndrome]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Anaplastic_large_cell|Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, T/null cell, primary cutaneous type]] ***[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Anaplastic_large_cell|Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, T/null cell, primary systemic type]] ***Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise characterized ***Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma 888c3k6fy73ojf0cmmsc59oz4p9bjmp 0 133855 4673415 3508541 2026-10-01T12:14:32Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4673415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Directing Technology/Contents}} {{TOCright}} == Funding == Funding allows schools to meet the challenges of providing up to date equipments and technological training by looking for available financing resources. It is very important for school districts to have a funding plan as the part of technology plan. There are numerical outside sources of funding which support technology education with the help of cash, hardware, software, and staff professional training, as well as funding of E-rate. A technology director should know about grant and E-rate application process to find and get additional funding for technology projects. === Grants === Even though it is not a routine part of the regular technology budget, grant has become a useful additional funding resource for educational technology. Grants can support school district with new technologies, innovative curriculum projects and professional development opportunities.<ref>Frazier, Max, Gerald D. Bailey (2004). the Technology Coordinator's Handbook. International Society for Technology in Education. {{ISBN|1-56484-211-8}}.</ref> A successful grant application often requires a technology director to plan in advance and involve a variety of people in the planning process. The technology director should help locate needed funds and construct an effective grant application for schools’ innovative projects. Basically, there are two types of grant for schools: entitlement grants and competitive grants. 1. '''Entitlement Grants''' Entitlement grants provide funds to school districts on the basis of a formula, given in legislation or regulation, rather than on the basis of an innovative project evaluation. The formula is usually based on student population, per capita income, or other financial needs. Title I [http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12/cwp/view.asp?a=166&q=108398&k12Nav=|6402|&k12Nav=|1141|3137|], Title VI [http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg87.html] and Eisenhower funds [http://www.ed.gov/inits/teachers/eisenhower/chap4b.html] are all entitlement grants. To get entitlement funding, school districts should report a variety of data such as student enrollment and participation in the free and reduced-fee lunch program, and so forth. 2. '''Competitive Grants''' Competitive grants are given by means of a review of the applicant’s project proposals. The grant agency selects proposals and decides grant amounts. The grant proposals designing projects with greater impact and more certain outcomes are given priority over proposals where projects will have less impact and less certain outcomes. Typically, most competitive grant applications will be evaluated based on the applicant’s educational goals such as potential benefit to the students and how well the project deals with an educational need. In general, the source of competitive grant funds fall into four main categories: federal, state, corporate, and foundation. For details on the requirements of these types of grants, the applicant should check out the specific grant program’s website or contact the grant agency. * '''Grants opportunities''': http://www.grants.gov This website lists all U.S. Government grant opportunities and provides electronic grant submission. Grants are usually posted about two months before the applications are due. It is very important to learn when grants are likely to be posted so that you are prepared to successfully compete with other applicants. Many of grants listed here are highly competitive. http://www.edutopia.org/grantinfo This website lists all kinds of educational grants including government grants, corporate and foundation grants. http://lnp.fdncenter.org/finder.html This is a free grants finding service run by the Foundation Center. You can search for foundations that may be interested in supporting your projects. ==== Grants Proposal ==== Most successful grant applicants give the same advice: have a project in mind and make sure you have the commitment from administration to carry out the project. Generally, developing successful grant application is a time-consuming process. It is important to develop a project plan that meets the criteria of the grant and is based on a need of the organization. Once a project plan has been selected and support for the project assured, the actual writing of the proposal can begin. While each grant has different requirement, most grants tend to include the same basic narrative sections: a project overview, a statement of needs, the project’s goals and objectives, a project narrative, a budget for the project, your organization information and a conclusion.<ref>http://foundationcenter.org/getstarted/tutorials/shortcourse/index.html.</ref> ===== Project overview ===== The project overview provides a clear summary of the project in a concise format. Be sure to include a brief statement of the problem, a short description of the project and an explanation of the amount of grant money required for the project. In order to demonstrate your capability to carry out this proposal, it is helpful to provide a brief statement of the history, purpose and activities of your school district. ===== A statement of needs ===== The statement of need provides the facts and evidence that support the need for the project and it helps the reader understand the problems you address. While the statement of need must provide background and tie the project to the solution, it does not have to be long. The writing should be concise and persuasive. ===== The project’s goals and objectives ===== A goal is the concrete results you want to achieve in the long run. Objectives are the measurable outcomes of the project. Your objectives should be specific, realistic and measurable in a specified time period. ===== Project narrative ===== The project narrative should include an explanation of how the project’s goals and objectives will be met and what activities will be involved. In addition, you will need to talk about this project’s personnel issues: the number of staff, their qualifications, and which stuff will work full time and which will work part time etc. Finally, an assessment plan would indicate that you have a well-prepared project in mind and seriously want to know how well your project will meet the initiative objectives. <big>'''''helpful hint'''''</big> To prepare project narrative, ask yourself the following questions: • What do you want? • What problem will be addressed and why it is important? • Who will benefit and how? • What objectives can be accomplished and how? • How will achievements be measured? • Who are you and how do you qualify to meet this need? ===== Budget for the project ===== The budget can help the funders to understand how the money will be spent. Sometimes, funders provide mandatory budget forms that must be submitted with the proposal. You should be flexible about your budget in case the funder negotiates costs. For most projects, costs should be divided into subcategories. You might group the expense into two sections: personnel and non-personnel costs. Also, in the following sample table, costs are divided into two columns: "requested" and "match." The "requested" column is for items we are asking the funding source to pay for. The "match" column represents those items that are to be paid from some other source of funds. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="Center" ! Items ! Total ! Total Requested ! Total Match |- | Total this Grant | $102,900 | $85,300 | $17,690 |- | '''Personnel''' | '''66,690''' | '''62,600''' | '''4,090''' |- | Salaries and Wages | 55,690 | 53,200 | 2,490 |- | Fringe Benefits | 11,000 | 9,400 | 1,600 |- | '''Non-Personnel''' | '''36,300''' | '''22,700''' | '''13,600''' |- | Equipment | 5,100 | 5,000 | 100 |- | Supplies | 800 | 800 | 0 |- | Contract Services | 15,500 | 4,800 | 10,700 |- | Travel | 2,100 | 2,100 | 0 |- | Other Costs | 12,800 | 10,000 | 2,800 |} <big>'''''helpful hint'''''</big> Be sure to check your budget with the following questions: • Can the job be accomplished with this budget? • Are costs reasonable for the market? • Is the budget consistent with proposed activities? • Is there sufficient budget detail and explanation? • Are there any other available revenue sources? ===== Organization information ===== You need give a brief introduction of the project’s management plan. Tell the funding reviewer your school district‘s structure, programs and leadership. It is wise to state your school district’s mission to demonstrate how the subject of the proposal matches within or extends that mission. Probably, the funding source will want evidence that key personnel have the qualifications for their roles in the project. You'd better to provide summaries of their backgrounds or resume included in an appendix. ===== Conclusion ===== Every proposal should have a concluding statement. This section allows you to provide information for demonstrating why the project is important to your school district and that you’re excited about the funding possibilities. * '''Sample Grant Proposals''' It is always a helpful way to learn proposal writing by looking at other people’s successful proposals. http://www.k12grants.org/samples/samples_index.htm This site lists various successful proposals. These samples can help you to know what a good needs statement contains, how the activities relate to their goals objectives, and how an evaluation plan is used. http://www.ed.gov/about/inits/list/fbci/grants2.html Here are a few sample proposals from the U.S. Department of Education. ====Tips for grantwriting==== Here are 10 tips for prospective grant writers: '''1. Follow guidelines'''. Read the funder’s guideline carefully. You should remember that the basic requirements, application forms, information, deadlines and procedures will vary for each grant maker. [[Image:Grant checklist.jpg|200px|thumb|Grant Application Checklist]] '''2. Shorter is better'''. There’s no perfect length for a proposal, but you just need to explain your idea clear and your plan reasonable. Keep the proposal short. 3. State needs not problem. Focus on opportunities that result from the challenges your school district faces. '''4. Well structured'''. Think of the basic proposal components and write it accordingly. A proposal should have summary, detailed statement, and conclusion. '''5. Avoid spelling and grammatical problems'''. A proposal with spelling errors is unacceptable. Have someone else read it. '''6. Do not make your grant tech heavy'''. Everyone wants equipment, but it should not be the main emphasis of your proposal. Student achievement should be the focus of your proposal. '''7. Don't work alone'''. Ask your supervisor and colleagues to help with the application process. '''8. Start the application early'''. If you need the funding now, you have started too late. It may take months or one year to receive your funds. '''9. Write a thank you notes'''. Thank the grant funder for giving you a grant opportunity. '''10. Don't give up because you’re rejected'''. It takes time to get proposals funded. If you are rejected, submit the same project to different funding sources. Remember to make change to meet the new criteria. ====The Grant Application Process==== A grant application usually consists of three parts: filling out the application form, submitting the [[#Grants Proposal|grant proposal]], and following up to track your application status. '''1. Application form''': Read the questions carefully, write down your answers completely, and then proofread your answers. '''2. [[#Grants Proposal|Proposal]]''': Before submitting your proposal, make sure your narrative clear, concise, and interesting to read. If the funding sources require a variety of supporting documents as part of the application, you’d better to provide related information including endorsements, resumes, additional project information and so on.<ref>http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/profdev/profdev039.shtml</ref> '''3. Follow up''': Contact the grant funder about the status, evaluation, and outcome of your proposal. * '''Additional Grant Resources''' http://www.ed.gov/fund/grant/apply/grantapps/index.html The U.S. Government offers this list of application packages for currently open Department of Education grant competitions. http://www.neafoundation.org/grants.htm The National Education Association Foundation offers information, guidelines, and other resources related to educational grants. http://www.acape.org/garrigans/wkshp/grantwriting/links.html The CAPE (Center for Advancing Partnerships in Education) offers some excellent grant writing tutorials and resources. === E-rate === Locating adequate funding to support technology programs is always a challenge for schools and school districts. Technology coordinators can help bridge funding gaps by participating in the Schools and Libraries Program of the Universal Service Fund, more commonly known as the E-rate program. As a result of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted an order creating the E-rate program. The goal of the program is to ensure schools and libraries have access to affordable advanced telecommunications services. Under the program, discounts ranging from 20% to 90% on Telecommunications Services, Internet Access, and Internal Connections are provided to eligible schools and libraries. The award amount granted each year to schools and libraries is subject to a $2.25 billion annual cap.<ref>United States Department of Education. (2007, April) E-rate Program: Discounted telecommunication services. http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oii/nonpublic/erate.html</ref> '''''EXAMPLES OF ELIGIBLE AND INELIGIBLE SERVICES UNDER E-RATE INCLUDE''''' All public schools, school districts, charter schools, private schools and libraries are eligible to apply for discounts each year of the E-rate program. In order to successfully apply for E-rate discounts, all schools and other eligible organizations must following the guidelines set forth by the Schools and Libraries Division (SLD)of the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC) [http://www.universalservice.org/sl/ SLD Website]. All schools can participate in E-rate by developing a technology plan, determining the services they currently use or wish to acquire, soliciting any necessary bits for those services, and awarding contracts based on the bids. Bids must be solicited to determine the actual cost of the services and for any improvements. The amount of discount awarded is dependent on the economic need and location (urban or rural) of the school or school district. The level of economic need is determined by the percentage of students eligible for participation in the National School Lunch Program or by other federally approved alternative mechanisms. Districts serving students with the greatest level of need receive the highest discounts, as indicated by the discount matrix below. '''''E-RATE DISCOUNT MATRIX''''' {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="Center" !Income Measured by % of students eligible for the National School Lunch Program !URBAN LOCATION E-rate Discount !RURAL LOCATION E-rate Discount |- |If the percentage of students in the school qualifying for the National School Lunch Program is... |...and the school is in a URBAN area, the E-rate discount will be... |...and the school is in a RURAL area, the E-rate discount will be... |- |Less than 1% |20% |25% |- |1% to 19% |40% |50% |- |20% to 34% |50% |60% |- |35% to 49% |60% |70% |- |50% to 74% |80% |80% |- |75% to 100% |90% |90% |} ====E-rate Funding Process==== In most cases the coordination of the E-rate funding process is the responsibility of the technology director. The technology director is responsible for overseeing the E-rate process step-by-step, including the filing of [http://www.universalservice.org/sl/tools/required-forms.aspx appropriate forms], adhering to due dates and time lines, as well as directing the bidding and overall planning process. [[Image:Erate flow chart.gif|100px|thumb|Erate Flow Chart]]The technology director begins the formal E-rate funding process by filing Form 470, which provides the SLD with a description of services and improvements requested. The discount matrix (provided above) determines the overall discount the school or district is eligible to receive. Bids must be submitted to determine the actual cost of these services and improvements. After bids have been solicited from approved E-rate service providers, final negotiations completed, and agreements made, the technology director takes the second formal step in the process. The technology coordinator will file Form 471, Services Ordered Confirmation Form. This form describes the actual costs of the services selected and determines the level of discount available to the district. Form 471 must be submitted before the deadline date, determined by the SLD. Once the E-rate filing deadline has passed, the SLD processes all Form 471 applications to determines the amount of funds requested across the nation. The SLD then verifies applications, and decides the E-rate awards for each applicant. All schools that apply within the eligibility window qualify for discounts on eligible telecommunications services, such as basic telephone, long-distance, and internet access. Discounts for these services alone can save school districts thousands of dollars, providing for the reallocation of funds to other technology projects. Once all applicants have been provided with discounts on telecommunications services, any remaining E-rate funds will be distributed to schools for requested network infrastructure (internal connections), beginning with those in greatest need. Once the SLD makes the final decisions on the discounts available to the school district, an official Funding Commitment Decision letter will be issued. The letter identifies the level of discounts and the amount of funding available from each service provider identified on Form 471. Following the receipt of the funding letter, the district must file Form 486, acknowledging the receipt of services from vendors. Therefor allowing the district to officially begin receiving discounts or rebates on services. The technology director should work with the administration, business officials, and service providers to determine the most effective method of discount receipt.<ref>What is e-rate? http://www.eratepa.org/</ref> ====Ten E-rate Mistakes to Avoid at All Costs==== October 5, 2005—During an E-rate training session in Washington, D.C., on Sept. 30, Universal Service Administrative Service Company (USAC) Catriona Ayer listed the 10 primary reasons E-rate applications are [http://www.eschoolnews.com//news/showstory.cfm?ArticleID=5902]: 1. '''Applications request ineligible products and services.''' If 30 percent or more of the services requested in an E-rate funding application are deemed ineligible, the application is automatically denied. This is known as the "30 Percent Rule," Ayer said; the best way to avoid an automatic denial because of this rule is to "break out," or separate, funding requests as much as possible. When in doubt, she said, do the math. If your calculations for ineligible services come in over 30 percent, revise your application before submitting it to USAC. 2. '''Contracts are not signed or aren't in the right place.''' When asked to supply contract information, make sure the documents are signed and are included in the right place throughout your funding application. If there is no signature, or if the reviewer cannot find the appropriate documentation within the application, Ayer said, USAC has no choice but to deny the request. 3. '''Applications include unauthorized consortium members.''' If you're applying with an education service agency or consortium, Ayer said, make sure you have the proper Letters of Agency—and that you meet the requirements posted on the SLD web site. If not, your application will be denied. 4. '''Insufficient documentation.''' USAC requires applicants to be prepared to respond to a Program Integrity Assurance Review with copies of their service contacts and other relevant document information. If the documentation is lost or cannot be located in time, Ayer cautioned, the application could be denied. Applicants must keep all documentation for five years after their initial application is submitted. Failure to do so could lead to penalties, including potential program disbarment and funding recovery. 5. '''Insufficient support resources.''' Program applicants also must prove that they have the appropriate support resources to complete their intended projects. While the E-rate pays for a portion of the technology necessary to make infrastructure upgrades, no amount of program money is intended to fully finance any one project, explained Ayer. To avoid having your application denied, you must secure access to the equipment and resources necessary to complete the upgrade. This includes sufficient funds to pay your share, minus the E-rate discount, as well as additional hardware, software, electrical capacity, and support. 6. '''A Form 470 is not filed.''' Applicants are not allowed to extend contracts to service providers until their Form 470 application is posted and approved by USAC. 7. '''Competitive-bidding violations.''' One of the most common—and certainly the most controversial—reasons for denial is a violation of the competitive-bidding process. Throughout the day, USAC officials stressed the need for applicants to engage in a "fair and open" competitive-bidding process, where eligible service providers are given ample opportunity to compete for technology contracts. During this phase, officials warned, no service provider should have contact with the applicant, except with regard to the bid itself. That means no helping with official E-rate forms—and absolutely no assistance with creating the technology plan. Remember, bidding is the applicant's responsibility, "not the service provider's," Ayer said. 8. '''Failing to wait the required 28 days before signing contracts.''' Once a Form 470 is posted to the SLD web site, applicants must wait 28 days before contracts are signed. Jumping the gun could result in a denial of funds. 9. '''Requesting services from an ineligible telecommunications provider.''' Under E-rate rules, telecommunications services must be provided by an eligible provider. These providers, which pay into the Universal Service Fund that supports the E-rate, can be found through a search on the SLD web site, officials said. 10. '''Failing to certify required forms on time.''' Submitting and certifying forms are two different things, USAC officials warn. To avoid having your request for funds denied, certify your forms online before the filing window closes. == Budgeting == In order to support a technology program, an adequate budget is necessary. State and Federal Laws clearly define some of the processes that must be followed for a school district budget. These processes are clearly defined by the Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB). As the Technology Director, it is your responsibility to understand and conform to these regulations. The following section will help a new Technology Director understand some best practices when it comes to preparing and presenting the organization's technology budget. === GASB - 12 Principles === 1. Accounting and Reporting Capabilities :Governmental organizations must be able to disclose the financial status of the organization in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. 2. Fund Accounting System :Government accounting systems must be separated into various funds. 3. Types of Funds :Explains the three categories of funds used in governmental accounting: Governmental Funds, Proprietary Funds and Fiduciary Funds. 4. Number of Funds :Organizations should maintain all funds required by law. 5. Accounting for Capital Assets and Long-Term Liabilities :Capital Assets must be accounted for and reported. 6. Valuation of Capital Assets :Capital Assets must be accounted for at cost or a fair estimate if cost is not available. 7. Depreciation of Capital Assets :Organizations should follow IRS guidelines for depreciation. 8. Accrual Basis in Government Accounting :Accrual should be used in measuring financial position. 9. Budgeting, Budgetary Control & Budgetary Reporting :Organizations must prepare an annual budget. 10. Revenue, Expenditure, Transfer & Expense Account Classification :A Chart of Accounts should be used to classify all budgetary items. 11. Common Terminology & Classification :Common terminology and classification should be used consistently throughout the budget. 12. Interim and Annual Financial Reports :A comprehensive annual financial report should be prepared and published. Additional Information on the GASB Principles can be found at: http://www.osc.state.ny.us/localgov/pubs/arm/arm2.htm#Principle1 === Process of Budgeting === The Technology Director is responsible for budgeting for all technology needs for the District. Budgeting is a time-consuming process that takes months to complete properly. An experienced Technology Director will rely heavily on the previous year’s budget during planning for the new year. There are many items that will help the director during planning. Let’s look at some of these items in detail. ====Long Range Planning==== The budgeting process is made easier by how well the district long range technology plan was developed. The long range technology plan governs the overall direction of technology in the district. They often project years into the future so the director must always be aware of what is coming down the road. The plan must provide a clear vision of where the district wants to be all throughout the plan. A well developed plan will be as useful in its last year as it was in its first. The importance of a plan is clearly visible. The administration and the School Board rely on you to tell them where the district will need to be in future years. This will give the board an understanding of future budgetary needs long before they are needed. '''''EXAMPLE''''' Let’s look at adding wireless to your high school. First adopters started installing wireless into schools as early as 2002. You are writing a long range plan in 2002 that lasts until 2007. You know the technology is there but aren’t sure if you will need it. Costs in 2002 show it would take at least $500,000 to complete the project. You estimate that there is a better chance than not that you will need to address this down the road. You decide to include it in your long range plan for the last year, 2007. As a result, the school board is aware of the plan. They know there will be a substantial cost to complete the project and they can plan for it. The end result is that you install wireless around the time the state releases its one to one plan. Had you not planned for it, it would have been much harder to secure funding for such a large project. The more time you spend on the long range plan, the easier you make your budget process each year. ====Documentation==== A technology department relies on proper documentation to run. It isn’t the most glorious job but it is essential to many different areas such as disaster recovery and of course, budgeting. A district will have countless systems that carry annual maintenance contracts, have fixed terms, or need frequent replacement. Knowing these items will help you to know what is needed each year. Unfortunatley, as a new director, you need to rely on the documentation the previous director left. Hopefully, it is complete and accurate. If not, begin creating a new document immediately. '''''EXAMPLE''''' {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center" ! Product ! Description ! Term ! Start Date ! End Date ! Cost ! Next Budget |- | Microsoft SLA | Site License Agreement | 1 Year | 7/1/2007 | 6/30/2008 | $110,000 | 2008 |- | Cisco SmartNET | Cisco Maintenance | 1 Year | 8/1/2007 | 7/31/2008 | $48,000 | 2008 |- | SurfControl | Content Filter | 3 Year | 8/1/2005 | 7/31/2008 | $35,000 | 2008 |- | Sophos AV | District Anti Virus | 2 Year | 7/1/2007 | 6/30/2009 | $30,000 | 2009 |- | CLIU | Student Information System | 1 Year | 7/1/2007 | 6/30/2008 | $48,000 | 2008 |} This document helps you plan the costs year to year. By looking at this, you can tell that you don’t need to worry about Anti-virus this year. ====Replacement Schedule==== In addition to the long range plan, a district should have well documented replacement schedule. A director should be able to tell what equipment is scheduled to be replaced this year in a matter of moments. A replacement schedule documents how long equipment will last before it needs to be replaced. This schedule will serve as a guide since technology is not always replaced on a one to one basis. Some equipment may not get replaced or will be replaced with something new when the useful lifespan has retired. An added bonus of replacement schedules it that staff will also know when their equipment is due for replacement, thus eliminating the constant questions of “when will my computer will be replaced.” Many organizations have classically used three to five replacement schedules. With the addition of Act 1, many districts have opted to move toward plans that span five or more years. Here is an example of a fairly simple replacement schedule.. '''''EXAMPLE''''' {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center" ! Product ! Quantity ! Schedule ! Year Purchased ! Year Replaced |- | Desktops | 300 | 5 Year | 2006 | 2011 |- | Servers | 5 | 5 Year | 2006 | 2011 |- | Switches | 15 | 5 Year | 2006 | 2012 |- | Desktops | 400 | 5 Year | 2007 | 2012 |- | Laptops | 100 | 3 Year | 2007 | 2010 |- | Servers | 10 | 5 Year | 2007 | 2012 |- | Switches | 25 | 6 Year | 2007 | 2013 |} Take note that the 300 Desktops purchased in 2006 may be replace with laptops once 2011 arrives. All of these items help the technology director prepare to draft a budget. They serve as a point to start. There is still much work to be done towards presenting a complete budget. Inevitably, items will appear that are not in use and were not planned on in the long range plan. The tech director needs to evaluate them and determine if they should be included. ===Needs assessment=== How, as the technology director, do you decide what the district needs? Hopefully, you do not need to do this alone. The direction of the technology in a school district should be governed by a committee with representatives from the various groups of stake holders. This group should perform a needs assessment to help aide this process. ===Draft and revision=== During the budgeting process, the technical director will find the budget going through numerous revisions. The budget starts as a draft and will certainly look much different once completed and approved. ====First Draft==== The first draft acts much like a wish list. It should include everything that you would like to fund for the upcoming school year. At this time, exact prices are not necessary. Instead, gross estimates should be made. When estimating, always be certain to estimate high. You certainly do not want to be in the position of underfunding a project as the budget gets revised. The document does not need to adhere to budgeting codes at this time, however, if the code is already defined, it should be included. The draft should be separated into at least three sections. The first section should list your all recurring costs such as support contracts or licensing agreements. This is where your documentation becomes necessary. With proper documentation, you will ensure that all your recurring costs are covered and none are forgotten. If the district is experiencing growth in any of these contracted areas, be certain to account for this when estimating the new costs. Most, if not all of these items are required and therefore cannot be cut as the budget goes through revision. The next section of the draft should list new projects or objectives the district may fund that are included in the long range technology plan. These items are not technically required, however, they have been taken from the long range plan. The technology director should strive to obtain funding for each item in this section, even if it means nothing from the last section makes the final budget. Once this section is complete,it is often helpful to compare the draft with the previous years final approved budget. The last section should list the projects that the district would like to fund but have not been accounted for already. This section will usually see the most cutting. Rarely will you be able to fund all three sections completely. This is where the process of revising becomes critical. ====Revisions==== Once the "draft" budget has been completed,it should be reviewed and compared to the current year's budget. You should be able to speak with your Chief Financial Officer or your Superintendent to determine how much,if any, growth will be allowed in the technology budget. Once you have this information, you will be able to begin the revision process. Once the initial comparison is complete, the technology director should begin the process of obtaining official quotations on each item. If using PEPPM pricing, there is no reason to shop around for better pricing, however if PEPPM is not used, it is a best practice to obtain multiple quotes. At this point, the lowest price should be inserted into the budget. Once the technology director has real numbers, a more accurate picture of the budget begins to form. The director can compare his draft to the allowable budget. Now, items need to be prioritized to determine which projects or objectives will fit under the budget cap. From this point, the budget begins to get revised. The revisions mostly come by the way of cuts. Items that are low on the priority list are the first to be sacrificed. Eventually, a final proposed budget will be produced. This proposed budget needs to be aligned to the proper budget codes (reviewed later in this chapter) and then gets presented to the CFO and Superintendent. The final revisions to the budget will be completed once the proposed budget has been reviewed by the district administration. The best possible outcome would be that the budget is approved with no cuts or modifications. Most likely, this will not happen. Instead, the technology director will be told either to cut projects or a certain dollar amount. Once the director makes the final revisions, the final budget is forwarded to the business office to be inserted into the district's operating budget to be approved by the school board. === Budget Coding Structure=== A school district budget must adhere to a strict coding structure. This structure is comprised of the following dimensions. <u>'''Fund'''</u> The Fund section classifies where the money will come from to pay for the expense. The vast majority of Technology Budget items will come from fund 10, the General Fund. <u>'''Function'''</u> The Function section allows budgetary items to be separated into five broad areas. The areas include Instruction, Support Services, Operation of Non-Instructional Services, Facilities Acquisition, and Construction and Improvement Services. <u>'''Object'''</u> The Object section allows budgetary items to be separated into very specific types of expenses. This section is highly detailed and will be the most important section for segmenting technology expenses. Items such as salaries, Equipment repairs, hardware leasing, and technology infrastructure all have their own object codes. <u>'''Funding Source'''</u> The Funding Source section allows for the budget to be separated to meet State and Federal Reporting Requirements. The Technology Budget will mainly be concerned with code 000, Non-Categorical, and code 340, which includes grants such as Classrooms for the Future. <u>'''Instructional Organization'''</u> The Instructional Organization section allows budgetary items to be separated by the instructional level, such as elementary schools. It can also be used to break down to the level of a specific grade level such as 3rd grade. <u>'''Operational Unit'''</u> The Operational Unit section allows budgetary items to be separated by schools, such as Senior High School Buildings, or Middle High School Buildings. <u>'''Subject Matter'''</u> The Subject Matter section allows budgetary items to be separated by separate content areas, such as software for Social Studies. ====Budget Account Samples==== The following examples will show how a Budget Code is arranged. There is both a long code, and a short code. Both are shown below. The example below is for new math text books for the high school math department. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="Left" ! Section ! Code ! Description |- | Fund | 10 | General Fund |- | Function | 1100 | Instruction - Regular Programs |- | Object | 640 | Supplies - Books & Periodicals |- | Funding Source | 000 | Non-categorical |- | Instructional Organization | 30 | Secondary Level |- | Operational Unit | 810 | High School |- | Subject Matter | 110 | Mathematics |} The following example shows how the code would be written in a proposed budget. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="left" ! Fund ! Function ! Object ! Funding Source ! Instructional Organization ! Operational Unit ! Subject Matter ! Written As |- | 10 | 1100 | 640 | 000 | 30 | 810 | 110 | 10-1100-610-000-30-810-110 |- | 10 | 1100 | 640 | 000 | 30 | - | - | 10-1100-610-000-30 |} '''Technology Budget Examples''' 1. New computers for high school World Language lab 2. Replacement printers for elementary school classrooms 3. Internet Content Filter District wide 4. Technology Director Salary {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="left" ! Fund ! Function ! Object ! Funding Source ! Instructional Organization ! Operational Unit ! Subject Matter ! Written As |- | 10 | 1100 | 757 | 040 | 30 | 800 | 160 | 10-1100-757-040-30-800-160 |- | 10 | 1100 | 767 | 040 | 10 | 200 | 000 | 10-1100-767-040-10-200-000 |- | 10 | 1100 | 340 | 000 | 00 | - | - | 10-1100-340-000-00 |- | 10 | 2240 | 111 | 000 | - | - | - | 10-2240-111-000 |} For more information on Budget Codes, please reference the [http://www.pde.state.pa.us/school_acct/lib/school_acct/coa08-2007.pdf Public Schools Chart of Accounts]. ==External links== 1. http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12/cwp/view.asp?a=166&q=108398&k12Nav=|6402|&k12Nav=|1141|3137| Federal program: Title I School Improvement 2. http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg87.html Federal grants: Title VI 3. http://www.ed.gov/inits/teachers/eisenhower/chap4b.html Eisenhower-Assisted Professional Development Act 4. http://www.eschoolnews.com//news/showstory.cfm?ArticleID=5902 eSchool News Online: Ten eRate mistakes to avoid at all costs == References == {{Reflist}} 03upzr83qy2fh8zdywgb5cu3dma1an9 0 135353 4673429 4100348 2026-10-01T12:38:19Z Jcb 90773 4673429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Radiation Oncology/NHL:TOC}} <big>Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma</big> ==[[Radiation_Oncology/NHL/Treatment_high_grade|Diffuse Large B-Cell]]== *'''GELA LNH93-4''' (France) (1993-2002) -- CHOP x4 vs. CHOP x4 + RT **Randomized. ''Stopped early after no difference on interim analysis and new evidence showing Rituximab benefit.'' 576 patients. Age >60, localized Stage I-II aggressive lymphoma, IPI 0. Arm 1) CHOP x4 alone vs. Arm 2) IF-RT 40 Gy (involved nodes/extranodal + adjuacent uninvolved nodes) **'''7-year update, 2007''' {{PMID|17228021}} -- "CHOP alone compared with CHOP plus radiotherapy for localized aggressive lymphoma in elderly patients: a study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte." (Bonnet C, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Mar 1;25(7):787-92.) ***5-year EFS: CHOP 61% vs. CHOP/RT 64% (NS). Survival affected by Stage II and male sex ***Relapses: CHOP local 47%, distal 37%, both 16%; CHOP-RT in-field 21%, out-of-field 66%, both 13% ***Second cancers: 29 (14%); 9 in CHOP alone vs. 20 in CHOP-RT ***Subset analysis (49 patients) showed no benefit to RT in bulky disease either (small #) ***Conclusion: No advantage to adding RT **Comment: As a result of this study and GELA93-1, GELA abandoned RT in first line treatment of localized aggressive lymphoma. CHOP-R is used instead **Editorial {{PMID|17228015}} -- "Role of radiation therapy in localized aggressive lymphoma." (Ng AK, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Mar 1;25(7):757-9.) *'''GELA LNH93-1''' (France)(1993-2000) -- ACVBP vs. CHOP x3 + RT **Randomized. 647 patientss, <61 years, localized Stage I or II aggressive lymphoma (Working Formulation: diffuse mixed, diffuse large (80%), or immunoblastic; or anaplastic according to Kiel), no age-adjusted IPI adverse features. Stage I 67%, extranodal involvement 49%, bulky disease 73%. Arm 1) [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations|CHOP]] x 3 + involved-field RT vs Arm 2) [[Radiation_Oncology/Chemotherapy_combinations|ACVBP]] plus sequential chemo consolidation (MTX, leucovorin, etoposide, ifosfamide, Ara-C). RT one month after last cycle of CHOP, 39.6 Gy. Involved field was involved nodal group and adjacent uninvolved nodes. **'''5-years; 2005''' {{PMID|15788496}} - "ACVBP versus CHOP plus Radiotherapy for Localized Aggressive Lymphoma." (Reyes F, N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 24;352(12):1197-205.) Median F/U 7.7 years ***Outcome: 5-year EFS ACVBP 82% vs CHOP-RT 74% (SS), true for both bulky and non-bulky subsets; OS 90% vs 81% (SS) ***Conclusion: In younger patients, ACVBP + consolidation is better than CHOP x3 + RT **Comment: ACVBP arm used higher doses of doxorubicin and cytoxan with higher dose intensity than CHOP and used a consolidation phase with different drugs not used during induction. *'''National Medical Center, Mexico''' (1989-97) -- Residual disease: RT vs. Observation **Randomized. 166 patients, DLBCL, high-intermediate/high clinical risk, with residual disease (<5 cm mass) after chemotherapy. Arm 1) RT 30/20 vs Arm 2) observation. **'''2005''' {{PMID|16260856}} &mdash; "Residual disease after chemotherapy in aggressive malignant lymphoma: the role of radiotherapy." (Aviles A, Med Oncol. 2005;22(4):383-7.) Median F/U 13.5 years ***Outcome: 10-yr PFS RT 86% vs observation 32% (SS). Of 57 relapses in the observation arm, 31 were in the site of initial residual disease, 23 disseminated. 10-year OS 89% vs 58% (SS). ***Conclusion: Salvage RT improves outcome in patients with residual disease after chemotherapy *'''SWOG 8736''' (1988-1995) -- CHOP x8 vs CHOP x3 + RT **Randomized. 401 patients, intermediate/high grade (Working Formulation), Stage I-IE, or non-bulky (<=10 cm) II/II-E. 67% Stage I, 73% IPI 0-1. Arm 1) CHOP x 8 vs Arm 2) CHOP x 3 + involved field RT. RT dose was 40 Gy, with a boost to 50 Gy for residual disease (majority received 45-50 Gy) **'''5-years; 1998''' {{PMID|9647875}} &mdash; "Chemotherapy alone compared with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for localized intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." (Miller TP, N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 2;339(1):21-6.) ***Outcome: 5-yr PFS CHOP-RT 77% vs CHOP 64% (SS), OS 82% vs 72% (SS). PFS by IPI: 0-1 77%, 2 60%, 3 34% ***Toxicity: 2 deaths (CHOP arm neutropenia, RT arm RILD), Grade 4 CHOP 40% vs. RT 30% (p=0.06) ***Conclusion: CHOP x3 + RT superior to CHOP x8 **'''8-years; 2001''' <u>Abstract</u> "CHOP Alone Compared to CHOP Plus Radiotherapy for Early Stage Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: Updated of the SWOG Randomized Trial." (Miller TP, Blood 98: 724A, 2001, abstr 3024.) Median F/U 8.2 years ***Outcome: 7-year FFS curves overlap (NS), 9-year OS curves overlap (NS). Continuous decline, with no plateau ***By risk factors (age >60, elevated LDH, PS >1, Stage II): 5-year OS no RFs 94%, 1 RF 71%, 3 RFs 50% ***Conclusion: Excess late (>5 years) relapses and deaths in CHOPx3-RT arm negate initial benefit. CHOPx3 + RT remains best standard treatment for Stage I and non-bulky Stage II, but optimal treatment may include more/different systemic chemo **'''Histology; 2004''' [http://abstracts.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/abstract/104/11/3263 ASH Abstract] -- "Histologic Subtypes Do Not Confer Unique Outcomes in Early-Stage Lymphoma: Long-Term Follow-Up of SWOG 8736." (Spier CM, Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2004 104: Abstract 3263) ***Outcome: 10-year OS and FFS no difference, no survival plateau. No difference by histology. Only 1 CNS failure (in a patient with testis involvement; none in Burkitt's Lymphoma) ***Conclusion: Histology should not be used to exclude early stage intermediate/high grade patients **Comment: Trial was trying to address if addition of RT can reduce amount of chemo required. Results from the abstract update suggest that 3 cycles of CHOP are insufficient, even in this reasonably low risk population, due to higher rate of late (>5 years) failures *'''ECOG 1484''' (1984-1992) - CHOP x 8 + RT vs CHOP x8 **Randomized. 352 patients, 172 assessable for +/- RT. Diffuse aggressive lymphoma (Working Formulation: diffuse large cell (80%), diffuse mixed large cell and small cell, and diffuse small cleaved cell). Stage I with risk factors (mediastinal or retroperitoneal involvement; or bulky disease > 10 cm), Stage IE, Stage II-IIE (68%). Patients in CR after 8 cycles of CHOP were randomized to Arm 1) 30 Gy involved-field RT vs Arm 2) observation. If PR, 40 Gy. **'''6-years; 2004''' {{PMID|15210738}} &mdash; "Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in limited-stage diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study 1484." (Horning SJ, J Clin Oncol. 2004 Aug 1;22(15):3032-8. Epub 2004 Jun 21.) Median F/U for CR patients 12 years ***CHOP x8 outcome: 69% assessable. CR 71% (n=172 assessable for +/- RT), PR 29% (treated with RT). Most patients with Stage II bulky disease had PR ***RT randomization outcome (n=172): 6-year DFS RT 73% vs. control 56% (SS, p=0.05). 10-year OS 68% vs. 65% (NS) ***RT boost outcome (n=71): 31% CR rate, median OS 9.9 years. Overall, 10-year DFS 78% for all patients treated with chemo + RT ***Conclusion: After CHOP x8, low-dose RT provided better local control and DFS, with no impact on OS ==Mantle Cell== *'''GLSG''' (Germany) -- '''CHOP +/- Rituxan''' **Randomized. 122 untreated patients, advanced-stage MCL. Treated with Arm 1) CHOP vs. Arm 2) R-CHOP. Patients <=65 with CR/PR second randomization to ASCT vs. IFN-alpha. Patients >65 received IFN-alpha maintenance **'''2005''' {{PMID|15668467}} -- "Immunochemotherapy with rituximab and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone significantly improves response and time to treatment failure, but not long-term outcome in patients with previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial of the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG)." (Lenz G, J Clin Oncol. 2005 Mar 20;23(9):1984-92.) ***Outcome: R-CHOP better for CR (34% vs. 7%, SS), and TTF (21 months vs. 14 months, SS), but no difference in PFS or OS ***Conclusion: Better response rate, but no difference in PFS or OS ==Other== *'''Mexico''' (1981-91) &mdash; 1996 - ''Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring: radiotherapy versus chemotherapy versus combined therapy.'' (Aviles A, Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1996 Jan;32B(1):19-23.) **316 pts. Phase III. Stage I NHL of Waldeyer's ring. Randomized to extended-field RT alone, chemotherapy alone (CHOP or CHOP-like), or combined therapy with chemo + RT. **Median f/u 6.8 yrs. CR in 93%, 87%, 97%. 5-yr FFS 48%, 45%, 83% (SS); OS 56%, 58%, 90% (SS). **Conclusion: improved results with combined chemo+RT. rm657wm2xwlflfxzcqy5i37uo5swtpj 8 135468 4673463 4653519 2026-10-01T15:06:45Z Codename Noreste 3441010 + 4673463 wikitext text/x-wiki There is an [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again|open discussion]] regarding the Flagged Revisions extension. lxrowdvugoz7lfrysiohy1tfup08icq 4673510 4673463 2026-10-01T18:03:17Z Codename Noreste 3441010 4673510 wikitext text/x-wiki There is an [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#FlaggedRevs again|open discussion]] regarding the Flagged Revisions extension. dcwu0tn0qystuyg5mtxuwbnxjaht0xd 4 140081 4673421 4673069 2026-10-01T12:18:40Z MathXplore 3097823 Reporting Tunde akinlabi 4673421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(14d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} == BhardwajGardening reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|BhardwajGardening}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315583]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/BhardwajGardening/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:02, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:36, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Manusheikh reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Manusheikh}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315575]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Manusheikh/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:03, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Wrankerseo reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Wrankerseo}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315564]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315567]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315563]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Wrankerseo/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:05, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Mscdubai reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Mscdubai}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mscdubai/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:28, 19 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:44, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == Hasbaticom reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Hasbaticom}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Hasbaticom/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:40, 19 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:44, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == [[User:AAASecurityGuard]] reported by TechVindicator == Spam [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 10:03, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Globally locked and blocked}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:18, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == AAASecurityGuard reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|AAASecurityGuard}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/AAASecurityGuard/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:20, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Globally locked and blocked}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:18, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikibooks:AI For Beginners]] == '''Reason for reporting:''' Wrong title, renaming needed ([[AI For Beginners]]). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:20, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Moved to the correct namespace}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:17, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::{{done|Ultimately deleted}} per [[WB:AI]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:51, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == CU request == {{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} According to [[Special:Diff/4671813]], User:Sisterian ([[Special:Contributions/Sisterian]]) has been using genAI/LLMs for their contributions. User:Pamela Talemwa ([[Special:Contributions/Pamela_Talemwa]]) & User:Sisterian overlap at [[A Young Reader's Guide to a Healthy Environment]] ([https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=A_Young_Reader%27s_Guide_to_a_Healthy_Environment&diff=prev&oldid=4671755&diffmode=source], [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=A_Young_Reader%27s_Guide_to_a_Healthy_Environment&oldid=4665328]). What do our admins and CUs think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:11, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Sisterian]] has also created a page in another person's userspace, [[User:Samah2025/sandbox/A Young Girl’s Guide to Menstrual Health and Wellbeing]], so I will add [[User:Samah2025]] to the list. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:45, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :Hello, @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]], @[[User:Xania|Xania]], @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]]. I have been supporting a number of trainees with Wikibooks editing and its looks like a lot more was done outside of the guidance I provided. I am going to look into those contributions and rectify the underlying issues. Thank you. [[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]] ([[User talk:Sisterian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sisterian|contribs]]) 08:52, 23 September 2026 (UTC) : OK --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|^talk]] 12:13, 23 September 2026 (UTC) == DhaanishChennai123 reported by TechVindicator == * {{userlinks|DhaanishChennai123}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/DhaanishChennai123/ --> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:05, 24 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:17, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Seobavswellness12390 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Seobavswellness12390}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Seobavswellness12390/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:23, 24 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:17, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Mango-tree-technology reported by TechVindicator == * {{userlinks|Mango-tree-technology}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mango-tree-technology/ --> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:41, 25 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:53, 25 September 2026 (UTC) == ~2026-51713-42 reported by Morkoz == * {{userlinks|~2026-51713-42}} Spam, see also [[w:hi:special:contribs/~2026-51214-19|~2026-51214-19]]. <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-51713-42/ --> --[[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 15:43, 25 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by NDKDD (GS). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:37, 25 September 2026 (UTC) == Tunde akinlabi reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Tunde akinlabi}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Tunde akinlabi/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 1 October 2026 (UTC) csvvyjwyg41swwu2stksdzm4e2ejkq4 4673422 4673421 2026-10-01T12:19:13Z MathXplore 3097823 Reporting Barakat isiaka 4673422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(14d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} == BhardwajGardening reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|BhardwajGardening}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315583]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/BhardwajGardening/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:02, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:36, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Manusheikh reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Manusheikh}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315575]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Manusheikh/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:03, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Wrankerseo reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Wrankerseo}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315564]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315567]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315563]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Wrankerseo/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:05, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Mscdubai reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Mscdubai}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mscdubai/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:28, 19 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:44, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == Hasbaticom reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Hasbaticom}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Hasbaticom/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:40, 19 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:44, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == [[User:AAASecurityGuard]] reported by TechVindicator == Spam [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 10:03, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Globally locked and blocked}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:18, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == AAASecurityGuard reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|AAASecurityGuard}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/AAASecurityGuard/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:20, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Globally locked and blocked}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:18, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikibooks:AI For Beginners]] == '''Reason for reporting:''' Wrong title, renaming needed ([[AI For Beginners]]). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:20, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Moved to the correct namespace}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:17, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::{{done|Ultimately deleted}} per [[WB:AI]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:51, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == CU request == {{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} According to [[Special:Diff/4671813]], User:Sisterian ([[Special:Contributions/Sisterian]]) has been using genAI/LLMs for their contributions. User:Pamela Talemwa ([[Special:Contributions/Pamela_Talemwa]]) & User:Sisterian overlap at [[A Young Reader's Guide to a Healthy Environment]] ([https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=A_Young_Reader%27s_Guide_to_a_Healthy_Environment&diff=prev&oldid=4671755&diffmode=source], [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=A_Young_Reader%27s_Guide_to_a_Healthy_Environment&oldid=4665328]). What do our admins and CUs think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:11, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Sisterian]] has also created a page in another person's userspace, [[User:Samah2025/sandbox/A Young Girl’s Guide to Menstrual Health and Wellbeing]], so I will add [[User:Samah2025]] to the list. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:45, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :Hello, @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]], @[[User:Xania|Xania]], @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]]. I have been supporting a number of trainees with Wikibooks editing and its looks like a lot more was done outside of the guidance I provided. I am going to look into those contributions and rectify the underlying issues. Thank you. [[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]] ([[User talk:Sisterian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sisterian|contribs]]) 08:52, 23 September 2026 (UTC) : OK --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|^talk]] 12:13, 23 September 2026 (UTC) == DhaanishChennai123 reported by TechVindicator == * {{userlinks|DhaanishChennai123}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/DhaanishChennai123/ --> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:05, 24 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:17, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Seobavswellness12390 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Seobavswellness12390}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Seobavswellness12390/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:23, 24 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:17, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Mango-tree-technology reported by TechVindicator == * {{userlinks|Mango-tree-technology}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mango-tree-technology/ --> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:41, 25 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:53, 25 September 2026 (UTC) == ~2026-51713-42 reported by Morkoz == * {{userlinks|~2026-51713-42}} Spam, see also [[w:hi:special:contribs/~2026-51214-19|~2026-51214-19]]. <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-51713-42/ --> --[[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 15:43, 25 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by NDKDD (GS). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:37, 25 September 2026 (UTC) == Tunde akinlabi reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Tunde akinlabi}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Tunde akinlabi/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Barakat isiaka reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Barakat isiaka}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Barakat isiaka/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 1 October 2026 (UTC) ozcbo4ubc06jsz2y5sf1v7ce1q327bo 4673592 4673422 2026-10-02T08:10:29Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 3 threads (older than 14 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2026/September]] 4673592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(14d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} == Mscdubai reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Mscdubai}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mscdubai/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:28, 19 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:44, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == Hasbaticom reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Hasbaticom}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Hasbaticom/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:40, 19 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 01:44, 21 September 2026 (UTC) == [[User:AAASecurityGuard]] reported by TechVindicator == Spam [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 10:03, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Globally locked and blocked}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:18, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == AAASecurityGuard reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|AAASecurityGuard}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/AAASecurityGuard/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:20, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Globally locked and blocked}} [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:18, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikibooks:AI For Beginners]] == '''Reason for reporting:''' Wrong title, renaming needed ([[AI For Beginners]]). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:20, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Moved to the correct namespace}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:17, 22 September 2026 (UTC) ::{{done|Ultimately deleted}} per [[WB:AI]]. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:51, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == CU request == {{ping|MarcGarver|Xania}} According to [[Special:Diff/4671813]], User:Sisterian ([[Special:Contributions/Sisterian]]) has been using genAI/LLMs for their contributions. User:Pamela Talemwa ([[Special:Contributions/Pamela_Talemwa]]) & User:Sisterian overlap at [[A Young Reader's Guide to a Healthy Environment]] ([https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=A_Young_Reader%27s_Guide_to_a_Healthy_Environment&diff=prev&oldid=4671755&diffmode=source], [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=A_Young_Reader%27s_Guide_to_a_Healthy_Environment&oldid=4665328]). What do our admins and CUs think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:11, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Sisterian]] has also created a page in another person's userspace, [[User:Samah2025/sandbox/A Young Girl’s Guide to Menstrual Health and Wellbeing]], so I will add [[User:Samah2025]] to the list. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:45, 23 September 2026 (UTC) :Hello, @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]], @[[User:Xania|Xania]], @[[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]]. I have been supporting a number of trainees with Wikibooks editing and its looks like a lot more was done outside of the guidance I provided. I am going to look into those contributions and rectify the underlying issues. Thank you. [[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]] ([[User talk:Sisterian|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sisterian|contribs]]) 08:52, 23 September 2026 (UTC) : OK --[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|^talk]] 12:13, 23 September 2026 (UTC) == DhaanishChennai123 reported by TechVindicator == * {{userlinks|DhaanishChennai123}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/DhaanishChennai123/ --> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:05, 24 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:17, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Seobavswellness12390 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Seobavswellness12390}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Seobavswellness12390/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:23, 24 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:17, 24 September 2026 (UTC) == Mango-tree-technology reported by TechVindicator == * {{userlinks|Mango-tree-technology}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mango-tree-technology/ --> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 12:41, 25 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 13:53, 25 September 2026 (UTC) == ~2026-51713-42 reported by Morkoz == * {{userlinks|~2026-51713-42}} Spam, see also [[w:hi:special:contribs/~2026-51214-19|~2026-51214-19]]. <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-51713-42/ --> --[[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 15:43, 25 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}} by NDKDD (GS). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 22:37, 25 September 2026 (UTC) == Tunde akinlabi reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Tunde akinlabi}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Tunde akinlabi/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Barakat isiaka reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Barakat isiaka}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Barakat isiaka/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 1 October 2026 (UTC) 1pu8che5ecy28kbkraq41jlq3mnkv33 0 142013 4673543 4669348 2026-10-01T22:34:49Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine codes for light trucks */ 4673543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'26), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'26) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'26), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-), GMC Sierra EV ('26-) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'26), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'26), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'26, Chevy Trax '24-'26 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'26), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26) |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'25 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'26 |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'26 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'26 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'26) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'26) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'26) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'26) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'26), Suburban 2wd ('25-'26) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'26), Suburban 4wd ('25-'26) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'26) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'26) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'26) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'26), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020- |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20+ Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20+ Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22+ |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20+ Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22+ Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19+ Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23+ Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21+ Chevy Trailblazer. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25+ Buick Encore GX, Chevy Trailblazer, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17+ Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19+ Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20+ Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20+ Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19+. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} 5aqn341k61qys6xn0ymoifiv0yqjclu 4673551 4673543 2026-10-02T01:16:02Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine codes for light trucks */ 4673551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'26), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'26) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'26), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-), GMC Sierra EV ('26-) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'26), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'26), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'26, Chevy Trax '24-'26 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'26), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26) |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'25 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'26 |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'26 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'26 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'26) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'26) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'26) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'26) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'26), Suburban 2wd ('25-'26) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'26), Suburban 4wd ('25-'26) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'26) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'26) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'26) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'26), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020- |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20+ Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20+ Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22+ |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20+ Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22+ Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | E ||L4B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '27- Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21+ Chevy Trailblazer. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | M ||L76|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '27+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | N ||L78|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25+ Buick Encore GX, Chevy Trailblazer, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | R ||L6P|| 8.3L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 8.3L "Mongoose" V8 engine. '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17+ Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19+ Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD.<br> L5P Gen1: '17-'23. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | Z ||L8S|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20+ Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19+. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} 371rgycselgvso7i4sxq6bz0hyszpqf 4673552 4673551 2026-10-02T01:18:29Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine codes for passenger cars */ 4673552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'26), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'26) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'26), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-), GMC Sierra EV ('26-) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'26), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'26), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'26, Chevy Trax '24-'26 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'26), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26) |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'25 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'26 |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'26 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'26 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'26) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'26) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'26) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'26) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'26), Suburban 2wd ('25-'26) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'26), Suburban 4wd ('25-'26) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'26) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'26) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'26) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'26), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020- |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22-'26 |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22-'26 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | E ||L4B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '27- Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21+ Chevy Trailblazer. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | M ||L76|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '27+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | N ||L78|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25+ Buick Encore GX, Chevy Trailblazer, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | R ||L6P|| 8.3L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 8.3L "Mongoose" V8 engine. '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17+ Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19+ Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD.<br> L5P Gen1: '17-'23. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | Z ||L8S|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20+ Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19+. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} tdsq2cwi52soqtr14bslvs6pbqpv66m 4673554 4673552 2026-10-02T01:30:17Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine codes for light trucks */ 4673554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'26), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'26) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'26), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-), GMC Sierra EV ('26-) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'26), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'26), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'26, Chevy Trax '24-'26 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'26), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26) |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'25 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'26 |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'26 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'26 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'26) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'26) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'26) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'26) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'26), Suburban 2wd ('25-'26) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'26), Suburban 4wd ('25-'26) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'26) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'26) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'26) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'26), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020- |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22-'26 |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22-'26 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | E ||L4B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '27- Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21+ Chevy Trailblazer. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | M ||L76|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '27+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | N ||L78|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25+ Buick Encore GX, Chevy Trailblazer, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | R ||L6P|| 8.3L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 8.3L "Mongoose" V8 engine. '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19-'26 Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD.<br> L5P Gen1: '17-'23. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | Z ||L8S|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20-'26 Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19+. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} lbkrwyu32kyfhlmds6ethd8ytkybifu 4673555 4673554 2026-10-02T01:32:26Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks */ 4673555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'26), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'26) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'26), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-), GMC Sierra EV ('26-) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'26), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'26), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'26, Chevy Trax '24-'26 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'26), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26) |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'25 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'26 |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'26 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'26 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'26) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'26) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'26) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'26) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'26), Suburban 2wd ('25-'26) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'26), Suburban 4wd ('25-'26) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'26) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'26) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'26) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'26), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020- |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22-'26 |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22-'26 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | E ||L4B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '27- Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21+ Chevy Trailblazer. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | M ||L76|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '27+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | N ||L78|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25+ Buick Encore GX, Chevy Trailblazer, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | R ||L6P|| 8.3L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 8.3L "Mongoose" V8 engine. '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19-'26 Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD.<br> L5P Gen1: '17-'23. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | Z ||L8S|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20-'26 Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19-'26. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} hdsgfd1d2r574u0xzdw8b5aj3al9kpt 4673558 4673555 2026-10-02T01:44:42Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine codes for light trucks */ 4673558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'26), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'26) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'26), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-), GMC Sierra EV ('26-) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'26), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'26), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'26, Chevy Trax '24-'26 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'26), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26) |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'25 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'26 |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'26 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'26 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'26) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'26) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'26) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'26) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'26), Suburban 2wd ('25-'26) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'26), Suburban 4wd ('25-'26) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'26) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'26) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'26) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'26), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020- |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22-'26 |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22-'26 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | E ||L4B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '27- Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21+ Chevy Trailblazer. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | M ||L76|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '27+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | N ||L78|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25-'26 Buick Encore GX, '25+ Chevy Trailblazer, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | R ||L6P|| 8.3L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 8.3L "Mongoose" V8 engine. '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19-'26 Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD.<br> L5P Gen1: '17-'23. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | Z ||L8S|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20-'26 Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19-'26. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} 9y38embu4st2d4zgo9vjocxwvzlfkcs 4673583 4673558 2026-10-02T06:47:44Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine codes for light trucks */ 4673583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'26), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'26) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'26), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-), GMC Sierra EV ('26-) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'26), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'26) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'26), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'26), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'26, Chevy Trax '24-'26 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'26), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26) |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'25 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'26 |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'26), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'26), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'26) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'26, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'26 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'26 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'26) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'26) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'26), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'26) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'26) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'26), Suburban 2wd ('25-'26) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'26), Suburban 4wd ('25-'26) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'26) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'26) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'26), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'26) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'26), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020- |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22-'26 |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22-'26 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | E ||L4B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '27- Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer, '27 Trailblazer Limited. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | M ||L76|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '27+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | N ||L78|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25-'26 Buick Encore GX, '25-'26 Chevy Trailblazer, '27 Trailblazer Limited, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | R ||L6P|| 8.3L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 8.3L "Mongoose" V8 engine. '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19-'26 Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD.<br> L5P Gen1: '17-'23. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | Z ||L8S|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20-'26 Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19-'26. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} 0bdkba877ba3507869kma2w7fg0wo3v 4673586 4673583 2026-10-02T07:24:35Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle */ 4673586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'27), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'27) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'27), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'27) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'27), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-'27), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-'27), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-'27), GMC Sierra EV ('26-'27) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'27), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'27), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'27) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'27), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'27) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'27), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||GMC Terrain 2wd '27- |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||GMC Terrain Awd '27- |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'27, Chevy Trax '24-'27 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'27), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26), Chevy Trailblazer Limited 2wd & Awd ('27) |- |M||GMC Acadia Awd '27 |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd '27 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'27 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'27, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'27 |- |R||Chevy Equinox 2wd '27- |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'27), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'27), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'27), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'27) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'27, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'27 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |X||Chevy Equinox Awd '27- |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'27 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'27), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'27) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'27) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'27), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'27) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'27) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-'27), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-'27) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'27), Suburban 2wd ('25-'27) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'27), Suburban 4wd ('25-'27) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'27) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'27), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'27) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'27), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'27) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'27), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020- |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22-'26 |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22-'26 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | E ||L4B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '27- Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer, '27 Trailblazer Limited. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | M ||L76|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '27+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | N ||L78|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25-'26 Buick Encore GX, '25-'26 Chevy Trailblazer, '27 Trailblazer Limited, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | R ||L6P|| 8.3L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 8.3L "Mongoose" V8 engine. '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19-'26 Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD.<br> L5P Gen1: '17-'23. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | Z ||L8S|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20-'26 Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19-'26. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} n7kxoxzzs88wit0ybr4yr4u8vd062d1 4673587 4673586 2026-10-02T07:27:40Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later) */ 4673587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} It is the tenth digit that gives you the model year for GM. I've been working at a Chevy dealer for years running codes/vins. For example (my examples only apply to 2001-2015 gm vehicles) Remember 10th digit from the beginning, (left to right). 2001... 1, 2002...2, 2003...3, etc., 2009...9. After 2009, the tenth digit was given a letter 2010... A, 2011...B, 2012...C, 2013...D, 2014...E, 2015...F, Etc... We have another 20 years worth of letters. Thanks for reading. You can always check your model year by looking in your drivers side door jamb and it will give you model year. If it was assembled in July or later, the model year is probably a year later than the calendar year of the manufacturing date listed. ==American GM== ===American VIN format 1981-1984 Passenger Car=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1981-1984|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984|Car Line & Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====American restraint types 1981-1984==== The restraint type is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Manual Seatbelts only - No Passive Restraint |} ====Car Line & Series Code 1981-1984==== The Car Line & Series Code is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Car Line & <br> Series Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=19|GM A platform - rear-wheel drive |T||Chevrolet Malibu 1981 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1981 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1981 |- |D||Pontiac LeMans 1981 |- |F||Pontiac Grand LeMans 1981 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1981 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1981 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1981 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass sedan, Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1981 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' wagon 1981 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1981 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1981 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe, Cutlass LS sedan 1981 |- |E||Buick Century wagon 1981 |- |H||Buick Century sedan, Estate wagon 1981 |- |J||Buick Regal 1981 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1981 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1981 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM A platform - front-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1982-1984 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1982-1984 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1982-1984 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1983-1984 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1982 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1982-1984, Cutlass Cruiser ''LS'' 1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=19|GM B platform |D||Chevrolet Bel Air 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Chevrolet Impala 1981-1984 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1981-1984 |- |F||Pontiac Laurentian 1981 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac Catalina 1981, Parisienne 1984 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1981 |- |N||Pontiac Parisienne 1981, Parisienne Brougham 1982-1983 (Canada only) |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1981 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1984 |- |L||Oldsmobile Delta 88 1981-1983 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1981-1984 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1981-1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1984 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1981-1984 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre 1981, Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1982-1984 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1981-1984 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1981-1983 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - rear-wheel drive |G||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1984 |- |V||Oldsmobile 98 Luxury 1981 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1982-1983 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1981-1983 |- |R||Buick Electra Limited 1984 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1984 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1981-1983 |- |X||Buick Electra Limited 1981-1983 |- |B||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1981-1983 |- |D||Cadillac DeVille 1981-1983 |- |M||Cadillac DeVille 1984 |- |W||Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham 1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM D platform - rear-wheel drive |F||Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=4|GM E platform |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1981-1984 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1981-1984 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1981-1984 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=7|GM F platform |P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1981-1984 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1981-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1981-1984 |- |T||Pontiac Firebird ''Esprit'' 1981 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula'' 1981 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1981-1984 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' Turbo Special Edition 1981, Firebird ''S/E'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=15|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |W||Chevrolet Malibu Classic 1982, Malibu 1983 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1982-1984 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1982-1984 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LJ 1982-1983, Grand Prix LE 1984 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville G 1982-1984 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1982-1984 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville G Brougham 1982-1984 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville G ''LE'' 1984 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser wagon 1982-1983 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais coupe 1982-1984 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1982-1984 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme coupe & sedan 1982-1984 |- |J||Buick Regal 1982-1984 |- |K||Buick Regal ''Sport'' 1982, Regal ''T-Type'' 1983-1984 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=13|GM J platform |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1983-1984 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier 2-d/4-d/wagon 1982, Cavalier CS 1983-1984 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier 3-door hatchback 1982, Cavalier CS 3-door hatchback 1983, Cavalier Type 10 2-d/3-d/Convertible 1984 |- |B||Pontiac J2000 1982, 2000 1983, 2000 Sunbird 1984 |- |C||Pontiac J2000 LE 1982, 2000 LE 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE Convertible 1983, 2000 Sunbird LE 1984 |- |D||Pontiac J2000 SE 1982, 2000 SE 1983, 2000 Sunbird SE 1984 |- |E||Pontiac J2000 S 1982 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1982-1984, Firenza S 1982-1984 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1982-1984, Firenza SX 1982-1984 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1983-1984 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1982-1984 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1982-1984 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1982-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM K platform |S||Cadillac Seville 1981-1984 |- |rowspan=3|GM P platform ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1984 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1984 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1984 |- |rowspan=6|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |B||Chevrolet Chevette 1981-1983, Chevette CS 1984 |- |J||Chevrolet Chevette Scooter 1981-1983, Chevette 1984 |- |B||Pontiac Acadian 1981-1984 (Canada only) |- |J||Pontiac Acadian S 1981-1982, Pontiac Acadian Scooter 1983-1984 (Canada only) |- |L||Pontiac T1000 1982, 1000 1983-1984 |- |M||Pontiac T1000 1981 |- |rowspan=10|GM X platform |H||Chevrolet Citation 2-door coupe 1982-1983, Citation II 2-door coupe 1984 |- |X||Chevrolet Citation hatchback 1981-1983, Citation II hatchback 1984 |- |T||Pontiac Phoenix SJ 1982-1983, Phoenix SE 1984 |- |Y||Pontiac Phoenix 1981-1984 |- |Z||Pontiac Phoenix LJ 1981-1983, Phoenix LE 1984 |- |B||Oldsmobile Omega 1981-1984 |- |E||Oldsmobile Omega Brougham 1981-1984 |- |B||Buick Skylark 1981-1982, Skylark Custom 1983-1984 |- |C||Buick Skylark Limited 1981-1984 |- |D||Buick Skylark Sport 1981-1982, Skylark T-Type 1983-1984 |- |rowspan=1|GM Y platform |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 1981-1982, 1984 |} ===American VIN format 1985-1986 Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>W</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=2>[[#Body style codes 1981-1986|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td> </td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>Y</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====Body style codes 1981-1986==== The Body type is specified as characters 6 and 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars from 1981-1986. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |11,27,37,47,57,97||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |07,08,77,87||Two-Door Hatchback |- |67||Two-Door Convertible |- |19,69||Four-Door Sedan |- |68||Four-Door Hatchback |- |23||Four-Door Limousine, 8-passenger ("Limousine") |- |33||Four-Door Limousine w/Center Partition, 7-passenger ("Formal Limousine") |- |35||Four-Door Station Wagon |} ===American VIN format 1987- Passenger Car=== GM has traditionally encoded the platform as the 4th character of the VIN. Other content includes an engine code and manufacturing plant. GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Platform]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>M</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car|Series Code]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car|Body style]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American restraint types 1987-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#American engine codes 1981-|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ===American VIN format 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 1981-1999]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2000-2009]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Body type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System |- |A||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic |- |B||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic |- |D||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic |- |F||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic |- |G||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic |- |H||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic |- |J||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic |- |K||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic |- |L||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic |} ====Line & Chassis Type 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |B||Special Body Buick, Chevrolet |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '81-'86, Sierra 2wd (C-series) '88-'99 |- |C||Chevy C10 Blazer 2wd ('81-'82), Tahoe 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC C1500 Jimmy 2wd ('81-'82), Yukon 4-door 2wd ('95-'99), Suburban 2wd ('81-'86, '92-'99) |- |D||Military Truck 4wd |- |E||'91-'97 Geo Tracker 2wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 2wd |- |E||'97-'98 Chevy S-10 EV |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans (Chevy Van, Sportvan, Express, GMC Vandura, Rally Van, Savana) |- |H||'93-'96 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD cutaway van |- |H||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '93-'96, Fwd DeVille '97-'99) |- |J||'89-'97 Geo Tracker 4wd, '98-'99 Chevrolet Tracker 4wd |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, '88-'99,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '81-'86, Sierra 4wd (K-series) '88-'99 |- |K||Chevy K10/K5 Blazer 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'94), Tahoe 4wd ('95-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99),<br /> GMC K1500 Jimmy 4wd ('81-'86), Yukon 4wd ('92-'99), Suburban 4wd ('81-'86, '92-'99), '99 Cadillac Escalade 4wd |- |L||Chevy Luv 2wd '81-'82 |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '90-'99 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '85-'99 |- |P||Forward Control (includes Chevrolet Step-Van/GMC Value-Van, Chevy/GMC P-Series) |- |R||Chevy Luv 4wd '81-'82 |- |R||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (R-series), Suburban 2wd '87-'91 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('82-'99), S-10 Blazer 2wd ('83-'94), Blazer 2wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 2wd ('82-'90), Sonoma 2wd ('91-'99),<br> S-15 Jimmy 2wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 2wd ('92-'99), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('96-'99) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('83-'99), S-10 Blazer 4wd ('83-'94), Blazer 4wd ('95-'99), GMC S-15 4wd ('83-'90), Sonoma 4wd ('91-'99), Syclone 4wd ('91),<br> S-15 Jimmy 4wd ('83-'91), Jimmy 4wd ('92-'99), Typhoon 4wd ('92-93), Envoy 4wd ('98-'99), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('91-'94, '96-'99),<br> Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('98-'99) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |- |V||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V10/V1500 Blazer 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91,<br /> GMC full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (V-series), V1500 Jimmy 4wd, Suburban 4wd '87-'91 |- |W||'81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero |- |X||Extended length All-Purpose Vehicle ('97-'99 U-body fwd extended length minivans) |- |Z||Cadillac chassis cutaway/special body (Based on Rwd Fleetwood '81-'84, Fwd Fleetwood '85-'92) |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Pontiac Aztek 2wd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous 2wd '02-'07 |- |A||Chevrolet HHR '06-'09, HHR Panel '07-'09 |- |B||Pontiac Aztek Awd '01-'05, Buick Rendezvous Awd '02-'06 |- |C||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 2wd (C-series) '00, full-size chassis cabs 2wd (C3500HD) '01-'02, Silverado 2wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 2wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 2wd (C-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 2wd '00, '07 |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('00-'09), Suburban 2wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 2wd ('02-'09),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 2wd ('00-'09), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'09), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08-'09) |- |E||Chevrolet Tracker 2wd '00-'04 |- |E||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '04-'09 |- |G||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 2wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '00-09 |- |H||Chevy/GMC full-size vans 4wd (Chevy Express, GMC Savana) '03-09 |- |H||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on Fwd DeVille '02-'05, DTS '06-'09) |- |H||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DeVille '00-'05, DTS '06-'07) |- |J||Chevrolet Tracker 4wd '00-'04 |- |K||Chevy full-size pickups & chassis cabs 4wd (K-series) '00, Silverado 4wd '00-'09, Silverado Classic 4wd '07,<br /> GMC Sierra 4wd (K-series) '00-'09, Sierra Classic 4wd '00, '07 |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('00-'09), Suburban 4wd ('00-'09), Avalanche 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'09), Yukon XL 4wd ('00-'09),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('00, '02-'09), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'09), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'09) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on Fwd DTS '08-'09) |- |L||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 4wd '00-'05 |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '05-'09, Pontiac Torrent 2wd & Awd '06-'09, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '08-'09 |- |M||Chevy Astro/GMC Safari 2wd '00-'05 |- |N||Hummer H2 '03-'09, H2 SUT '05-'09 |- |N||Hummer H3 '06-'09, H3T '09 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd, Saturn Outlook 2wd '07-'09, Buick Enclave 2wd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse 2wd '09 |- |S||Chevy S-10 2wd ('00-'03), Blazer 2wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03), Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00) |- |S||Chevy Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'09), SSR ('03-'06), GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04),<br> Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07), Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 2wd ('06-'08) |- |T||Chevy S-10 4wd ('00-'04), Blazer 4wd ('00-'05), GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04), Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01, Canada only: '02-'05), Envoy 4wd ('00),<br> Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'01), Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00) |- |T||Chevy Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'09), GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'09), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05), Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('02-'04), Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'07),<br> Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08), Saab 9-7X 4wd ('05-'09) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('04-'09), GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09), Isuzu i-series 4wd ('06-'08) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana) |- |U||Regular length All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander [US: '06-'08, Canada only: '05-'09], Pontiac Montana SV6 [Canada only: '05-'09]) |- |V||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('02-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length AWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana Extended length FWD) |- |V||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] (Chevy Uplander ['05-'08, Canada only: '09], Pontiac Montana SV6 ['05-'06, Canada only: '07-'09],<br> Buick Terraza ['05-'07], Saturn Relay ['05-'07]) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd, Saturn Outlook Awd '07-'09, Buick Enclave Awd '08-'09, Chevy Traverse Awd '09 |- |X||Extended length FWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('00-'04 Chevy Venture, Pontiac Montana, Oldsmobile Silhouette Extended length FWD) |- |X||Extended length AWD All-Purpose Vehicle [Minivan] ('05-'06 Chevy Uplander AWD, Pontiac Montana SV6 AWD, Buick Terraza AWD, Saturn Relay AWD) |- |Z||Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '02-'07 |} ====Series 1981-1999 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||1/2 Ton (includes '96-'99 Isuzu Hombre) |- |2||3/4 Ton |- |3||1 Ton |- |8||1/2 Ton ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |9||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||All-Purpose Vehicle ('90-'99 U-body fwd minivans) |} ====Series 2000-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS ('06-'07) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LT ('07) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 1LT w/man. trans. ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR 2LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR SS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GN) |- |6 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/auto. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |7 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel SS w/man. trans. ('09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |8 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/auto. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS w/man. trans. ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT (all transmissions) ('08-'09) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |1 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LS ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |2 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |3 <br> (following A)||Chevrolet HHR Panel LT ('08) (Pos. 1-3 of VIN is 3GC) |- |9 <br> (following B)||Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('02) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GB: Chevrolet Venture (incomplete vehicle) ('03-'04) |- |0 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value Van SWB ('00-'03) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Venture Value SWB (Canada: '04) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB ('04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||If VIN starts with 1GN: Chevrolet Venture Cargo Van ('02-'04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Warner Bros. Edition LWB Awd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT LWB Awd ('04) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Plus ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture Cargo, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LS ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Venture LT ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Chevrolet Uplander LS SWB 2wd ('06-'08) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Base model 2wd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander Cargo Van 2wd, Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LS 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Uplander LT 2wd ('05-'08) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Chevrolet Uplander LT Awd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following M)||Chevrolet Astro 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Astro Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: Chevrolet Express 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series LT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||Chevrolet Express 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 2wd ('00-'04) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 2wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model 4wd ('00-'01, '04) |- |1 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SB (Preferred) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |2 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker Base model w/1SA (Base) Equip. Group 4wd ('02-'03) |- |6 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker LT 4wd ('01-'04) |- |7 <br> (following J)||Chevrolet Tracker ZR2 4wd ('01-'04) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS 2wd ('05-'09) |- |2 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LS Awd ('05-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT 2wd ('05-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LT Awd ('05-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 1LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox 2LT Awd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ 2wd ('08-'09) |- |8 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox LTZ Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport 2wd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Chevrolet Equinox Sport Awd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LS Awd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LT Awd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Chevrolet Traverse LTZ Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Blazer 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Blazer 4wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 2wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 2wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer 4wd ('02-'08), Trailblazer EXT 4wd ('02-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Trailblazer SS 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Limited 2wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 4wd ('00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 2wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe Police/Special Service 4wd ('07-'09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Suburban 2500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 2wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 2wd ('02-'03) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series 4wd ('02-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 2500 series 4wd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LS 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LT 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 series LTZ 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR 2wd ('03-'06) |- |6 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet SSR Signature Series 2wd ('03) <br> [All SSR Signature Series also have a 0 in the 12th pos. of VIN whereas all other SSRs have a 1 in the 12th pos. of VIN] |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet S-10 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet S-10 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado LS 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 1LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Silverado Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Silverado Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: Chevrolet C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Silverado Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck, LS 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||Chevrolet Silverado LTZ 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana SWB ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following U)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV SWB ('00-'03) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana LWB w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Special Value 1SV LWB ('03) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) LWB ('03-'04) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana LWB Awd w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) (VIN starts w/1G5) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana w/MontanaVision Rear Entertainment System ('05) (Pos. 8 of VIN is E) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA 2wd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB 2wd ('05) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SA Awd ('05) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 1SB Awd ('05) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Pontiac Montana SV6 2wd ('06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Pontiac Montana SV6 Awd ('06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Pontiac Aztek 2wd ('01-'05) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Pontiac Aztek Awd ('01-'05) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent 2wd ('06-'07) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Awd ('06-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model 2wd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent Base model Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP 2wd ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Pontiac Torrent GXP Awd ('08-'09) |- |0 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('00, '03-'04), GLS 2wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere 2wd ('00-'04) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GL 2wd ('01-'02) |- |0 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length GLS Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Oldsmobile Silhouette extended length Premiere Awd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Oldsmobile Bravada 2wd ('02-'04) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Oldsmobile Bravada 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza Mobility (incomplete vehicle) 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CX 2wd ('05-'07), CX Plus 2wd ('07) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Buick Terraza CXL 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CX Awd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following X)||Buick Terraza CXL Awd ('05-'06) |- |0 <br> (following A)||Buick Rendezvous 2wd ('02-'07) |- |0 <br> (following B)||Buick Rendezvous Awd ('02-'06) |- |1 <br> (following S)||Buick Rainier 2wd ('04-'07) |- |1 <br> (following T)||Buick Rainier 4wd ('04-'06) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CX 2wd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Buick Enclave CXL 2wd ('08-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CX Awd ('08-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Buick Enclave CXL Awd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine or Hearse based on DeVille ('00-'01) |- |0 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Commercial Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Hearse based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'09) |- |9 <br> (following H)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DeVille ('02-'05) or DTS ('06-'07) |- |9 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Professional Chassis (incomplete vehicle) for Limousine based on DTS ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX ('04-'07) |- |2 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V6 ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08-'09) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is 7: Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||When Pos. 8 of VIN is A: Cadillac SRX AWD V8 ('08) |- |6 <br> (following E)||Cadillac SRX RWD V6 ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Early '00) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Platinum Edition 4wd ('08), Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('02-'08), Escalade ESV 2wd ('08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd (Mid '00, '02-'08), Escalade ESV 4wd ('03-'08), Escalade EXT 4wd ('02-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 2wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||Cadillac Escalade 2wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd Base model ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd Base model ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09),<br> Escalade EXT 4wd w/Ultra Luxury Collection ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Platinum Edition ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4wd Base model ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||Cadillac Escalade 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade ESV 4wd w/Sport Package ('09), Escalade EXT 4wd w/Sport Package ('09) |- |1 <br> (following M)||GMC Safari 2wd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following L)||GMC Safari Awd ('00-'05) |- |1 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |2 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 2500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 3500 series 2wd ('00-'09) |- |3 <br> (following G)||When VIN starts with 1GBK: GMC Savana 4500 series Cutaway 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following G)||GMC Savana 1500 series SLT 2wd ('01-'02) |- |1 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 1500 series Awd ('03-'09) |- |2 <br> (following H)||GMC Savana 2500 series Awd ('03-'05) |- |1 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 2wd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-1 Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||GMC Acadia SLT-2 Awd ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy 2wd ('00-'01) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 2wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy 4wd ('00-'01 & '02-'05 in Canada) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Jimmy Diamond Edition 4wd ('01) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy 2wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 2wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 2wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 2wd ('05-'06) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy 4wd ('02-'08), Envoy XL 4wd ('02-'06), Envoy XUV 4wd ('04-'05) |- |6 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('05-'08), Envoy XL Denali 4wd ('05-'06) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLE 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy SLT 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Envoy Denali 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Envoy Denali 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('00-'06) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLE 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon SLT 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLE 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon SLT 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Early '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd (Mid '00) [GMT400; 8th pos. of VIN is R] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('01-'06) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('08) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 2wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon Denali Hybrid 4wd ('09) [GMT900; 8th pos. of VIN is 5] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('08) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('00-'08) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('01-'08) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 2wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 2wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 2wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 2wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 1500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series 4wd ('09) |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLE 4wd ('09) |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL 2500 series SLT 4wd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Yukon XL Denali 1500 series 4wd ('09) [8th pos. of VIN is 2] |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Sonoma 2wd ('00-'03) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Sonoma 4wd ('00-'04) |- |1 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon 2wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SL 2wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE1 2wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLE2 2wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following S)||GMC Canyon SLT 2wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon 4wd ('04-'09) |- |2 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SL 4wd ('08 - some) |- |3 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE1 4wd ('08 - some) |- |4 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLE2 4wd ('08 - some) |- |5 <br> (following T)||GMC Canyon SLT 4wd ('08 - some) |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('00-'06), Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, V, T, Z, B, or N] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 2wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500HD 4wd ('01-'03, '05-'06), Sierra Classic 1500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra C3 1500 Awd ('01) [GMT800] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('02-'06), Sierra Classic Denali 1500 Awd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is N] [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 2wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is T ('00) or U ('00-'04)] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500 (LD) 4wd ('00-'04) [GMT800] (Pos. 8 of VIN is U] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C2500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Classic C3500 2wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following C)||when 4th pos. of VIN is K: GMC Sierra C3500HD 2wd ('00-'02) [GMT400] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K2500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Classic K3500 4wd ('00) [GMT400] (Pos. 8 of VIN is F, J, or R) |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 2500HD 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500 2wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 2wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500 4wd ('01-'06), Sierra Classic 3500 4wd ('07) (Pos. 8 of VIN is D, G, or U) [GMT800] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, 0, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is X, C, J, M, 0, 3, or Y) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('07-'08) (Pos. 8 of VIN is 8) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 2500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 2wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra 3500HD 4wd ('07-'08) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |1 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck, SL 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |2 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |3 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 1500 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Denali 1500 Awd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |4 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |5 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |6 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 2500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following C)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 2wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |7 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra Work Truck 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |8 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLE 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |9 <br> (following K)||GMC Sierra SLT 3500HD 4wd ('09) [GMT900] |- |0 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''2'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''3'' 2wd ('05-'07) |- |5 <br> (following V)||Saturn Relay ''1'' 2wd ('07) |- |2 <br> (following X)||Saturn Relay ''3'' Awd ('05-'06) |- |2 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Man. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('02-'07) |- |4 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue I4, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'05) |- |5 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Fwd ('03-'07) |- |6 <br> (following Z)||Saturn Vue V6, Auto. Trans., Awd ('02-'07) |- |3 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Fwd ('08-'09) |- |4 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XE Awd ('08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is C: Saturn Vue XR Fwd ('08-'09) |- |7 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Early '08) |- |6 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue XR Awd (Mid '08-'09) |- |5 <br> (following L)||when 4th pos. of VIN is D: Saturn Vue XR Awd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Fwd ('08-'09) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('08) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Red Line Awd ('09) |- |0 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('08) |- |9 <br> (following L)||Saturn Vue Green Line Fwd ('09) |- |1 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR 2wd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('07-'09) |- |2 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd ('07-'09) |- |3 <br> (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR Awd w/Touring Package ('07-'09) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 ('06-'07) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Base model ('08) |- |3 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Adventure ('08) |- |4 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Luxury ('08) |- |5 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 X ('08) |- |6 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3 Alpha ('08) |- |1 <br> (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T ('09) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 ('03-'08), H2 SUT ('05-'08) |- |2 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Base model ('09), H2 SUT Base model ('09) |- |7 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Adventure ('09) |- |8 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 Luxury ('09) |- |9 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Adventure ('09) |- |0 <br> (following N)||Hummer H2 SUT Luxury ('09) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Hombre 2wd ('00), Isuzu i280 2wd ('06), Isuzu i290 2wd ('07-'08), Isuzu i370 2wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following S)||Isuzu i290 2wd w/Preferred Equip. Pkg. ('08), Isuzu i370 2wd w/Comfort Pkg. or upgrade model ('08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Hombre 4wd ('00), Isuzu i350 4wd ('06), Isuzu i370 4wd ('07-'08) |- |2 (following T)||Isuzu i370 4wd w/Comfort Pkg. ('08) |- |1 (following S)||Isuzu Ascender 2wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Isuzu Ascender 4wd ('03-'08) |- |1 (following T)||Saab 9-7X ('05-'08: All, '09: 4.2i, 5.3i) |- |2 (following T)||Saab 9-7X Aero ('09) |} ====Body style codes 1981-2009 Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Body type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |0||Sedan Pickup/Pickup Delivery ('81-'87 El Camino, Caballero) |- |0||Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet Commercial Body/Chassis |- |0||Chassis Only |- |1||Cutaway Van |- |2||Forward Control ('81-'03) (includes '93-'95 Chevy G30HD/GMC G3500HD) |- |2||Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('04-'09 Avalanche & Escalade EXT, '04-'05 Envoy XUV, '05-'09 Hummer H2 SUT) |- |3||Four-Door Cab pickup (Crew Cab) (includes '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Crew Cab, '09 Hummer H3T) |- |3||4-door Passenger Minivan ('97-'09 U-bodies) |- |3||4-door SUV or MPV ('06-'09 HHR) (also includes '02-'03 Avalanche & Escalade EXT) ('05-'09 Saab 9-7X) |- |4||Two-Door Cab pickup (includes '83-'87 S-10/S-15 extended cab pickups, '03-'06 Chevy SSR, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre Reg. Cab) |- |5||Van (Astro/Safari & full-size vans & '07-'09 HHR Panel) |- |6||Extended length 4-door SUV (Suburban, Yukon XL, Escalade ESV, Trailblazer EXT, Envoy XL, Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.) |- |6||3-door Passenger Minivan ('90-'99 U-bodies) |- |7||Motor Home Chassis ('81-'09) |- |8||Two-Door SUV (Utility) (2-d Tracker, S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy, Blazer, Jimmy, Tahoe, Yukon) |- |9||Stake (81-87) |- |9||Extended Cab pickup ('88-) (includes '97-'00 Isuzu Hombre Spacecab, '06-'08 Isuzu i-Series Ext. Cab) |- |9||Extended length van ('90-) (Astro/Safari & full-size vans) |} ===American VIN format 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle=== GM's VIN format is as follows: <table border=1 style="margin:auto;"> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Sample</th><th></th><th></th><th>Description</th> </tr><tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=3>[[#GM WMIs|World Manufacturer Identifier]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>2</td> <td>G</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>3</td> <td>K</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>4</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>5</td> <td>R</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Line & Chassis Type for 2010-]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>6</td> <td>L</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle|Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>7</td> <td>E</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-|Restraint type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>8</td> <td>D</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#Engine codes for light trucks|Engine type]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>9</td> <td>0</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>10</td> <td>A</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>11</td> <td>J</td><td></td><td></td><td>[[#GM factories supplying North America|Factory ID]]</td> </tr><tr> <td>12</td> <td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan=6>Sequential number </tr><tr> <td>13</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>14</td> <td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>15</td> <td>7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>16</td> <td>6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr> <td>17</td> <td>2</td><td></td><td></td> </table> ====GVWR/Brake System/Body Style 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The GVWR/Brake System is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !GVWR Range in lbs. & Weight Class !Brake System !Body Style |- | ||Class A: 0-3,000||Hydraulic|| |- | ||Class B: 3,001-4,000||Hydraulic|| |- |A||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV or MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR Panel, '10-'26 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue,<br> '12-'15 Chevy Captiva Sport, '19-'24 Cadillac XT4, '24-'26 Buick Encore GX) |- |B||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||46: 4-door MPV ('10-'11 Chevy HHR) |- |J||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door, 4 window Hatchback ('18-'23 Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |D||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |E||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||75: Four-Door Wagon - High Roof Monocab (Canada only: '12-'14 Chevy Orlando) |- |M||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('20-'23 Buick Encore GX) |- |9||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer) |- |7||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||58: 4-door Utility Extended ('24-'26 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista) |- |C||Class C: 4,001-5,000||Hydraulic||76: 4-door SUV ('13-'22 Buick Encore, Canada only: '13-'14 Chevy Trax, US & Canada: '15-'22 Chevy Trax) |- |F||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10-'17 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '10 Saturn Vue, '10-'16 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X,<br> '12-'13 Chevy Captiva Sport, '16-'26 Buick Envision, '17 Cadillac XT5, '19-'25 Cadillac XT4) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |G||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'24 Chevy Colorado, '15-'22 GMC Canyon) |- |K||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |J||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'12 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |H||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |T||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |7||Class D: 5,001-6,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, Saturn Outlook) |- |K||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('11-'17 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '11-'23 GMC Acadia, '17 Acadia Limited,<br> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '19-'26 Chevy Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6, '23-'26 Cadillac Lyriq EV,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Blazer EV, '25-'26 Cadillac Optiq EV, '24-'26 Honda Prologue EV, '24 Acura ZDX EV A-Spec) |- |7||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||48: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 Chevy Equinox EV) |- |E||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('18-'26 Chevy Traverse, Buick Enclave, '24 Chevy Traverse Limited,<br> '24-'26 GMC Acadia |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Hummer H3) |- |L||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'20 Chevy Tahoe Police Pursuit Vehicle 2wd) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |M||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-13 Chevy Avalanche 2wd) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |N||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra, Hummer H3T) |- |P||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited, '16-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon) |- |S||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |R||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited,<br> '16-'22 Chevy Colorado) |- |G||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |8||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |X||Class E: 6,001-7,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('13-'19 Cadillac XTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'14 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |S||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'26 Chevy Tahoe, Suburban 1500, GMC Yukon, Yukon XL 1500, Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('10 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |T||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||36: Sport Utility Truck (SUT) ('11-'13 Chevy Avalanche 4wd, Cadillac Escalade EXT 4wd) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24 Acura ZDX EV Type S) |- |C||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Vistiq EV) |- |W||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |X||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |Y||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |V||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '19 Chevy Silverado LD, GMC Sierra Limited, '22 Chevy Silverado LTD, GMC Sierra Limited) |- |U||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('10 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |9||Class F: 7,001-8,000||Hydraulic||69: Commercial Chassis ('11 Cadillac DTS chassis for Limo/Hearse) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('10 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |W||Class G: 8,001-9,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('11-'13 Chevy Suburban 2500, GMC Yukon XL 2500) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van or Incomplete Vehicle ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana,<br> '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |Z||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||06: Passenger Van ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |0||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |1||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '24-'25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 module battery pack,<br> '24-'26 Chevy Silverado EV, '25-'26 GMC Sierra EV) |- |5||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |2||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |B||Class H: 9,001-10,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('24-'25 GMC Hummer EV SUV) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |3||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||03: Regular Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |7||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |4||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||43: Crew Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra,<br> '22-'24 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/24 module battery pack, '25 GMC Hummer EV pickup w/20 or 24 module battery pack, '26 GMC Hummer EV pickup, '24-'25 Chevy Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('10 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |5||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||53: Extended Cab pickup or Chassis Cab ('11-'13, '15-'18, '20-'26 Chevy Silverado, GMC Sierra) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||06: 4-door SUV ('16-'19, '24-'26 Chevy Suburban 3500HD) |- |8||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||05: Cargo Van ('22 BrightDrop EV600, '23-'24 BrightDrop Zevo 600, '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600) |- |T||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||26: 4-door SUV ('25-'26 GMC Hummer EV SUV, '25-'26 Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV]) |- |L||Class 3: 10,001-14,000||Hydraulic||56: 4-door SUV Extended ('26- Cadillac Escalade IQL [EV]) |- |9||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('10 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- |6||Class 4: 14,001-16,000||Hydraulic||03: Van Cutaway ('11-'26 Chevy Express, GMC Savana) |- | ||Class 5: 16,001-19,500||Hydraulic|| |} ====Line & Chassis Type 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Line & Chassis Type is specified as character 5 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Chevrolet HHR ('10-'11), HHR Panel ('10-'11) |- |A||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('22-'27), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'27) |- |B||Chevy Blazer 2wd & Awd '19-'26 |- |C||Chevy Silverado 2wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 2wd '19, Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd '19, GMC Sierra 2wd ('10) |- |C||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('10-'24), Suburban 2wd ('10-'24), Avalanche 2wd ('10-'13),<br /> GMC Yukon 2wd ('10), Yukon XL 2wd ('10), Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('10), Escalade ESV 2wd ('10) |- |D||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('22-'24) |- |D||Chevy Blazer EV ('24-'27), Chevy Equinox EV ('24-'27) |- |E||Cadillac Escalade IQ [EV] ('25-'27), Escalade IQL [EV] ('26-'27), GMC Hummer EV pickup ('26-'27), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('26-'27), GMC Sierra EV ('26-'27) |- |F||Chevy Bolt EV w/Rear Seat Delete pkg. - incomplete vehicle ('18-'23) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Limousine & for Armored Vehicle (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Cadillac Chassis for Hearse (Based on XTS '13-'19) |- |G||Chevy Express 2wd ('10-'27), GMC Savana 2wd ('10) |- |H||Chevy Express 4wd ('10-'14), GMC Savana 4wd ('10) |- |H||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('22-'27), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('25-'27) |- |H||Honda Prologue EV ('24-'26), Acura ZDX EV ('24) |- |J||Buick Encore 2wd & Awd ('13-'22), Chevy Trax 2wd & Awd (Canada: '13-'22, US: '15-'22) |- |J||BrightDrop EV600 ('22), BrightDrop Zevo 600 ('23-'24), BrightDrop Zevo 400 ('24), Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 ('25-'26) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 4wd ('10-'18), Silverado LD 1500 4wd ('19), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), GMC Sierra 4wd ('10) |- |K||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('25-'27), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'27) |- |K||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban 4wd ('10-'24), Suburban HD 4wd ('24-'27), Avalanche 4wd ('10-'13), GMC Yukon 4wd ('10), Yukon XL 4wd ('10),<br> Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('10), Escalade ESV 4wd ('10), Escalade EXT 4wd ('10) |- |K||Cadillac Professional Chassis for Limousine (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||Cadillac Commercial Chassis for Hearse (Based on DTS '10-'11) |- |K||GMC Terrain 2wd '27- |- |L||Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Captiva Sport 2wd '12-'15, Captiva Sport Awd '12, GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '10-'17, Saturn Vue 2wd & Awd '10 |- |L||GMC Terrain 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |L||GMC Terrain Awd '27- |- |L||Buick Envista '24-'27, Chevy Trax '24-'27 |- |M||Buick Encore GX 2wd & Awd ('20-'27), Chevy Trailblazer 2wd & Awd ('21-'26), Chevy Trailblazer Limited 2wd & Awd ('27) |- |M||GMC Acadia Awd '27 |- |N||Cadillac SRX 2wd & Awd '10-'16, Saab 9-4X 2011 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd & Awd '17-'26, Cadillac XT5 2wd & Awd '17-'26 |- |N||GMC Acadia 2wd '27 |- |N||Hummer H3, H3T 2010 |- |P||Chevy Orlando (Canada only: '12-'14) |- |P||Cadillac XT6 2wd & Awd '20-'25 |- |P||Cadillac Lyriq EV 2wd & Awd '23-'27 |- |R||GMC Acadia 2wd '10-'16, Acadia Limited 2wd '17, Saturn Outlook 2wd '10, Buick Enclave 2wd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse 2wd '10-'17 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse 2wd '18-'23 |- |R||Buick Enclave 2wd '25-'27, Chevy Traverse 2wd '24-'27 |- |R||Chevy Equinox 2wd '27- |- |S||Chevy Traverse Limited 2wd '24 |- |S||Chevy Colorado 2wd ('10-'12, '15-'27), GMC Canyon 2wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Colorado 4wd ('10-'12, '15-'27), GMC Canyon 4wd ('10) |- |T||Chevy Traverse Limited Awd '24 |- |U||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('22-'27), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('25-'27) |- |V||GMC Acadia Awd '10-'16, Acadia Limited Awd '17, Saturn Outlook Awd '10, Buick Enclave Awd '10-'17, Chevy Traverse Awd '10-'17 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '18-'24, Chevy Traverse Awd '18-'23 |- |V||Buick Enclave Awd '25-'27, Chevy Traverse Awd '24-'27 |- |W||Chevy Silverado 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 2wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |X||Buick Envision 2wd & Awd '16-'20, Chevy Equinox 2wd & Awd '18-'26 |- |X||Chevy Equinox Awd '27- |- |Y||Chevy Silverado 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Silverado LTD 1500 4wd ('22), Silverado HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |Z||Cadillac XT4 2wd & Awd '19-'25, Buick Envision 2wd '21-'23, Buick Envision Awd '21-'27 |- |1||GMC Sierra 2wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('19), Yukon 2wd ('11-'27), Yukon XL 2wd ('11-'27) |- |1||GMC Canyon 2wd ('25-'27) |- |2||GMC Sierra 4wd ('11-'18), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('19), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('19), Yukon 4wd ('11-'27), Yukon XL 4wd ('11-'27) |- |2||GMC Canyon 4wd ('25-'27) |- |3||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 2wd ('11-'24) |- |3||Cadillac Optiq EV ('25-'27), Cadillac Vistiq EV ('26-'27) |- |4||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade ESV 4wd ('11-'24), Escalade EXT 4wd ('11-'13) |- |5||GMC Canyon 2wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |5||Chevy Tahoe 2wd ('25-'27), Suburban 2wd ('25-'27) |- |6||GMC Canyon 4wd ('11-'12, '15-'24) |- |6||Chevy Tahoe 4wd ('25-'27), Suburban 4wd ('25-'27) |- |7||GMC Savana 2wd ('11-'27) |- |8||GMC Savana 4wd ('11-'14) |- |8||GMC Sierra 1500 2wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 2wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 2wd ('20-'24) |- |8||Cadillac Escalade 2wd ('25-'27), Escalade ESV 2wd ('25-'27) |- |9||GMC Sierra 1500 4wd ('19-'21), Sierra Limited 1500 4wd ('22), Sierra HD 2500/3500 4wd ('20-'24) |- |9||Cadillac Escalade 4wd ('25-'27), Escalade ESV 4wd ('25-'27) |- |0||GMC Hummer EV pickup ('22-'25), GMC Hummer EV SUV ('24-'25), Chevy Silverado EV ('24-'27), GMC Sierra EV ('24-'25) |} ====Series 2010- Light Duty Truck & Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle==== The Series is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for light trucks. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A (following L)||Saturn Vue XE 2wd ('10) |- |E (following L)||Saturn Vue XR V6 2wd ('10) |- |K (following L)||Saturn Vue XR-L V6 2wd ('10) |- |T (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE 2wd ('10) |- |U (following R)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium 2wd ('10) |- |V (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L 2wd ('10) |- |W (following R)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium 2wd ('10) |- |T (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Awd ('10) |- |U (following V)||Saturn Outlook XE Premium Awd ('10) |- |V (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Awd ('10) |- |W (following V)||Saturn Outlook XR-L Premium Awd ('10) |- |G (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Base model ('10) |- |H (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Adventure ('10) |- |J (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Luxury ('10) |- |K (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/cloth ('10) |- |L (following N)||Hummer H3, H3T Alpha w/Leather ('10) |- |P (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i 2wd ('11) |- |R (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Awd ('11) |- |S (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium 2wd ('11) |- |T (following N)||Saab 9-4X 3.0i Premium Awd ('11) |- |U (following N)||Saab 9-4X Aero Awd ('11) |- |U (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Fwd ('24-'26) |- |V (following H)||Honda Prologue EV EX Awd ('24-'26) |- |W (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Fwd ('24-'26) |- |X (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Touring Awd ('24-'26) |- |Z (following H)||Honda Prologue EV Elite Awd ('24-'26) |- |M (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Rwd ('24) |- |N (following H)||Acura ZDX EV A-Spec Awd ('24) |- |P (following H)||Acura ZDX EV Type S Awd ('24) |} ===Platform & Series Codes 1985- Passenger Car=== GM used a lettered system of automobile platform codes for three decades. These letters were used as the 4th position of the VIN. Though today's GM platforms use Greek characters, they are still encoded with Latin characters in the 4th position. Position 5 encodes the specific model and trim level of the vehicle. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !List of GM platforms !Platform<br>Code !Series<br>Code !:Category:General Motors vehicles|Model |- |rowspan=14|GM A platform |rowspan=14|A||W||Chevrolet Celebrity 1985-1990 |- |E||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1986-1988 |- |F||Pontiac 6000 1985-1988, 6000 ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Pontiac 6000 ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |H||Pontiac 6000 ''STE'' 1985-1989 |- |J||Pontiac 6000 ''SE'' 1989-1991 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1993-1994 |- |J||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''LS'' 1985, Cutlass Ciera 1986-1989 & Cutlass Cruiser 1985-1989,<br /> Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Coupe 1986-1987, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' 1990-1991 & Cutlass Cruiser ''S'' 1990-1994, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' & Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1995, Ciera ''SL'' sedan & wagon 1996 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 1990-1991, Cutlass Ciera ''S'' Sedan 1992 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''Brougham'' 1985-1988, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Coupe 1986-1989, Cutlass Ciera ''SL'' Sedan 1989-1993, Cutlass Cruiser ''Brougham'' 1987-1988, Cutlass Cruiser ''SL'' 1989-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera ''International Series'' 1988-1990 |- |G||Buick Century ''T-Type'' 1985-1986, Century ''Special'' 1991-1996 |- |H||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1985-1995 |- |L||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1985-1993, Century Estate Wagon 1986-1989 |- |rowspan=14|GM B platform |rowspan=14|B||L||Chevrolet Impala 1985, Caprice 1986-1992, Caprice Classic 1993-1996, Impala SS 1995-96 |- |N||Chevrolet Caprice Classic 1985-1992, Caprice Classic LS 1993-1994,<br /> Caprice Classic LTZ 1991-1993, Impala SS 1994 |- |U||Chevrolet Caprice Classic Brougham/Brougham LS 1987-1990 |- |L||Pontiac Parisienne 1985-1986, Safari Wagon 1987-1989 |- |T||Pontiac Parisienne Brougham 1985-1986 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1985 |- |P||Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1985-1992 |- |V||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham LS 1985 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1985 |- |N||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1985, Roadmaster sedan 1992-1996 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1985 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre Estate Wagon 1985-1989, Estate Wagon 1990,<br /> Roadmaster Estate Wagon 1991-1996 |- |T||Buick Roadmaster ''Limited'' sedan 1992-1996 |- |V||Buick Electra Estate Wagon 1985-1989 |- |rowspan=13|GM C platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=13|C |V||Oldsmobile Touring Sedan 1988-1990, 98 Touring Sedan 1991-1993 |- |W||Oldsmobile 98 Regency Brougham 1985-1990, 98 Regency Elite 1991-1996 |- |X||Oldsmobile 98 Regency 1985-1990, 1992-1994 |- |F||Buick Electra T-Type 1985-1990 |- |U||Buick Electra Park Avenue Ultra 1989-1990, Park Avenue Ultra 1991-1996 |- |W||Buick Electra Park Avenue 1985-1990, Park Avenue 1991-1996 |- |X||Buick Electra 1985-1986, Electra Limited 1987-1990 |- |B||1985-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood, Fleetwood D'Elegance, 1993 Cadillac Sixty Special |- |D||1985-1993 Cadillac DeVille |- |G||1991-1992 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |H||1985-1987 Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine |- |S||1987-1990 Cadillac Fleetwood Sixty Special |- |T||1991-1993 Cadillac DeVille Touring Sedan |- |rowspan=3|GM G platform (models formerly on C platform) |rowspan=3|C |- |U||Buick Park Avenue Ultra 1997-2005 |- |W||Buick Park Avenue 1997-2005 |- |rowspan=2|GM D platform |rowspan=2|D||W||1985-1986 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, 1987-1992 Cadillac Brougham |- |W||1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood |- |rowspan=31|GM Delta I platform |rowspan=31|A |- |A||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/manual trans. 2010 |- |B||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |C||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |D||Chevrolet Cobalt 1LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |E||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/manual trans. 2010 |- |F||Chevrolet Cobalt 2LT w/automatic trans. 2010 |- |G||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Turbo 2010 |- |H||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model w/XFE) 2010 |- |K||Chevrolet Cobalt (base model) 2005, Cobalt LS 2006-2008, Cobalt LS w/man. trans. 2009 |- |L||Chevrolet Cobalt LS 2005, Cobalt LT 2006-2008, Cobalt LT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |M||Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2006-2007, Cobalt Sport 2008 |- |P||Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged 2005-2007, SS Turbo 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Cobalt LS w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Cobalt LT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |Z||Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2005, Cobalt LTZ 2006-2007 |- |L||Pontiac G5 2007-2008, G5 w/manual trans. 2009 |- |N||Pontiac G5 GT 2007-2008, G5 GT w/manual trans. 2009 |- |S||Pontiac G5 w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |T||Pontiac G5 GT w/automatic trans. 2009 |- |F||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/manual trans. 2003-2005 |- |G||Saturn Ion sedan Level 1 w/automatic trans. 2003-2005 |- |J||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |K||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |L||Saturn Ion sedan Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |M||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |N||Saturn Ion coupe Level 2 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |V||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |W||Saturn Ion coupe Level 3 w/automatic trans. 2003-2007 |- |Y||Saturn Ion coupe Red Line 2004-2007 |- |Z||Saturn Ion sedan Level 2 w/manual trans. 2003-2007 |- |rowspan=9|GM E platform |rowspan=9|E |- |V||Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo 1988-1992 |- |Z||Oldsmobile Toronado Brougham 1985-1986, Toronado 1987-1992 |- |C||Buick Reatta 1988-1991 |- |Y||Buick Riviera T-Type 1985-1986 |- |Z||Buick Riviera 1985-1993 |- |C||Cadillac Eldorado Collector Series 2002 |- |L||Cadillac Eldorado 1985-2002 |- |T||Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe 1994-2002 |- |rowspan=26|GM Epsilon I platform |rowspan=26|Z||A||Chevrolet Malibu Fleet 2010-2012 |- |B||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2010-2012 |- |C||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2010-2012 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2010-2012 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2010-2011, Malibu 1LZ 2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 2008-2010, Malibu 3LT 2012 |- |G||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2008-2009, Malibu 2LZ 2012 |- |H||Chevrolet Malibu 1LT 2008-2009 |- |J||Chevrolet Malibu 2LT 2008-2009 |- |K||Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2008-2009 |- |S||Chevrolet Malibu 2004-2005, Malibu LS 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LS 2008 |- |T||Chevrolet Malibu LS 2004-2005, Malibu LT 2006-2007, Malibu Classic LT 2008 |- |U||Chevrolet Malibu LT 2004-2005, Malibu LTZ 2006-2007 |- |W||Chevrolet Malibu SS 2006-2007 |- |A||Pontiac G6 Sedan 2010 |- |F||Pontiac G6 2.4L Sedan (Base model) 2006, G6 Value Leader (Base model w/1SV) 2007-2008 |- |G||Pontiac G6 3.5L Sedan (Base model) 2005-2006, G6 (Base model) 2007-2009 |- |H||Pontiac G6 GT 2005-2009 |- |J||Pontiac G6 (Base model) 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |K||Pontiac G6 GT 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |L||Pontiac G6 GXP 2009 1/2 (Mid-Cycle Revision) |- |M||Pontiac G6 GTP 2006-2007, G6 GXP 2008-2009 |- |R||Saturn Aura Green Line 2007-2009 |- |S||Saturn Aura XE 2007-2009 |- |V||Saturn Aura XR 2007-2008, Aura XR 2.4L 2009 |- |X||Saturn Aura XR V6 2009 |- |rowspan=6|GM F platform |rowspan=6|F||P||Chevrolet Camaro Sport Coupe 1985-2002, Convertible 1987-1992, 1994-2002 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro Berlinetta 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Firebird 1985-2002, Firebird ''Formula'' 1987-1992 |- |V||Pontiac Firebird ''Formula / Trans Am'' 1993-2002, Firebird ''Trans Am GT'' 1994 |- |W||Pontiac Firebird ''Trans Am'' 1985-1992, Firebird ''Trans Am GTA'' 1987-1992 |- |X||Pontiac Firebird ''S/E'' 1985-1986 |- |rowspan=13|GM G platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=13|G||Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo 1985-1988 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1985-1987 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix LE 1985-1987 |- |N||Pontiac Bonneville 1985-1986 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix Brougham 1985-1987 |- |R||Pontiac Bonneville Brougham 1985-1986 |- |S||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1985-1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon coupe 1985-1987 |- |M||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''Brougham'' 1985-1987,<br /> Cutlass Supreme Classic ''Brougham'' 1988 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1985-1987, Cutlass Supreme Classic 1988 |- |J||Buick Regal 1985-1987 |- |K||Buick Regal T-Type 1985-1987 |- |M||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=4|GM G platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|G||D||1995-1999 Buick Riviera |- |R||1995-1999 Oldsmobile Aurora |- |R||2001-2002 Oldsmobile Aurora 3.5 |- |S||2001-2003 Oldsmobile Aurora 4.0 |- |rowspan=9|GM H platform |rowspan=9|H||H||Buick Le Sabre 1987 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 1986-1999 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 1986-1999 |- |C||Oldsmobile Regency 1997-1998, Eighty Eight 50th Anniversary Edition 1999 |- |N||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 1986-1988, 88 Royale 1989-1995, Eighty Eight & Eighty Eight LS 1996-99 |- |Y||Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale Brougham 1986-1988, 88 Royale Brougham 1989-91, Eighty Eight Royale LS 1992-1995, LSS 1996-1999 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville 1987, Bonneville LE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SE'' 1992-1999 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville SSE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1992-1993 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville LE 1987, Bonneville SE 1988-1991, Bonneville ''SSE'' 1992-1999, Bonneville ''SSEi'' 1994-1999 |- |rowspan=17|GM G platform (models formerly on H platform or their successors) |rowspan=17|H||A||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2010-2011 |- |B||Buick Lucerne ''CX-2'' 2010 |- |C||Buick Lucerne ''CXL'' 2010-2011 |- |D||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V6'' 2006-2009, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition'' 2010 |- |E||Buick Lucerne ''CXS'' 2006-2008, Lucerne ''CXL-3'' 2010 |- |F||Buick Lucerne ''Super'' 2008-2009, Lucerne ''CXL-4'' 2010 |- |G||Buick Lucerne ''CXL-5'' 2010 |- |H||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1SP'' 2010 |- |J||Buick Lucerne ''CXL Premium'' 2010-2011 |- |K||Buick Lucerne ''Super 1XS'' 2010, Lucerne ''Super'' 2011 |- |P||Buick Lucerne ''CX'' 2006-2009 |- |R||Buick Lucerne ''CXL V8'' 2006-2007, Lucerne ''CXL Special Edition V8'' 2008 |- |P||Buick Le Sabre ''Custom'' 2000-2005 |- |R||Buick Le Sabre ''Limited'' 2000-2005 |- |X||Pontiac Bonneville ''SE'' 2000-2005 |- |Y||Pontiac Bonneville ''SLE'' 2000-2005 |- |Z||Pontiac Bonneville ''SSEi'' 2000-2003, Bonneville GXP 2004-2005 |- |rowspan=23|GM J platform |rowspan=23|J |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1985-1994, RS Convertible 1991-1994 |- |D||Chevrolet Cavalier CS 1985-1987 |- |E||Chevrolet Cavalier Type 10 1985, RS 1986-1988,<br /> Type 10 Convertible 1985, RS Convertible 1986-1987 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 1986-1994, Z24 Convertible 1988-1989, 1992-1994 |- |C||Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2005, Cavalier RS 1997-1999 |- |F||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Sedan 1995-2005, LS Coupe 2003-2005, Z24 Coupe 1995-2001,<br /> LS Convertible 1995-1997, Z24 Convertible 1998-2000 |- |H||Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 Coupe/Sedan 2002, LS Sport 2002-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Cavalier LS Coupe 2002 |- |B||Pontiac Sunbird 1985-1989, Sunbird LE 1990-1991, Sunbird SE 1992-1993,<br /> Sunbird LE 1994 |- |C||Pontiac Sunbird LE 1985, Sunbird 1991, Sunbird LE 1992-1993 |- |D||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1985-1991, Sunbird GT 1992-1993 |- |L||Pontiac Sunbird SE 1994 |- |U||Pontiac Sunbird GT 1986-1991 |- |B||Pontiac Sunfire SE 1995-2002, Convertible 1995-2000, Sunfire 2003-2005 |- |D||Pontiac Sunfire GT 1995-2002 |- |C||Oldsmobile Firenza Base model 1985-1987, Firenza S 1985-1987, Firenza 1988 |- |D||Oldsmobile Firenza LX 1985-1987, Firenza SX 1985, Firenza LC, GT 1986-1987 |- |E||Buick Skyhawk T-Type 1985-1986 |- |S||Buick Skyhawk Custom 1985-1987, Skyhawk Sport 1986-1987, Skyhawk 1988-1989 |- |T||Buick Skyhawk Limited 1985-1987 |- |G||Cadillac Cimarron 1985-1988 |- |G, H||Toyota Cavalier (Japan only) |- |rowspan=8|GM2900 platform |rowspan=8|J||C||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.1 |- |D||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.2, 2005 Saturn L300 |- |L||Saturn L-Series|2004 Saturn L300.3 |- |R||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/manual transmission '00/L100 w/manual transmission '01 |- |S||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS w/automatic transmission '00/L100 w/automatic transmission '01-'02 |- |T||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/manual transmission '00/L200 w/manual transmission '01-'03, LW200 w/manual trans. '02 |- |U||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS1 w/automatic transmission '00/L200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03,<br> Saturn LW1 w/automatic transmission '00/LW200 w/automatic transmission '01-'03 |- |W||Saturn L-Series|Saturn LS2 '00, LW2 '00, L300 '01-'03, LW300 '01-'03 |- |rowspan=5|GM K platform |rowspan=5|K||D||Cadillac Deville 1994-1999 |- |E||Cadillac Deville D'Elegance 1997-1999 |- |F||Cadillac Deville Concours 1994-1999 |- |S||Cadillac Seville 1985-1993 / Cadillac Seville SLS 1994-1997 |- |Y||Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan / Cadillac Seville STS 1990-1997 |- |rowspan=9|GM G platform (models formerly on K platform) |rowspan=9|K||A||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS |- |D||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville, 2006-2009 Cadillac DTS, 2010-2011 DTS Luxury |- |E||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DHS |- |F||2000-2005 Cadillac Deville DTS |- |H||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Premium |- |P||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Platinum |- |R||2010-2011 Cadillac DTS Livery |- |S|| 1998-2004 Cadillac Seville SLS |- |Y|| 1998-2003 Cadillac Seville STS |- |rowspan=33|GM Kappa platform |rowspan=33|M||A||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice 2006-2007, Solstice w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |D||Pontiac Solstice w/manual transmission 2010 |- |E||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |G||Pontiac Solstice GXP 2007, Solstice GXP w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |K||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Pontiac Solstice w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |S||Pontiac Solstice SCCA SSB Championship Edition (2.4L) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice SCCA T2 Championship Edition (2.0L Turbo) 2008 |- |T||Pontiac Solstice GXP w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |Z||Pontiac Solstice Street Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky 2007, Sky w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |B||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |C||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |C||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |C||Saturn Sky Preferred w/automatic transmission 2010 |- |D||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |E||Saturn Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2010 |- |F||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2008 |- |F||Saturn Sky Preferred w/manual transmission 2010 |- |G||Saturn Sky Redline 2007, Sky Redline w/manual transmission 2008-2009 |- |H||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |L||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/manual transmission 2009 |- |N||Saturn Sky w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |P||Saturn Sky Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |R||Saturn Sky Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |T||Saturn Sky Redline w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |V||Saturn Sky Redline Ruby Red (Merlot Jewel) Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |X||Saturn Sky Redline Hydro Blue Special Edition w/automatic transmission 2009 |- |G||Opel GT 2007-2010, Daewoo G2X 2007-2009 |- |rowspan=8|GM L platform |rowspan=8|L |- |D||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1994-1996 |- |T||Chevrolet Corsica ''Base'' 1987-1989, Corsica ''LT'' 1990-1993 |- |V||Chevrolet Beretta ''Base'' 1987-1996 |- |W||Chevrolet Beretta "GT" 1989-1993 (RPO Z21) & Beretta ''Z26'' 1994-1996 (RPO Z04) |- |Z||Chevrolet Corsica ''LTZ'' 1989-1990 (RPO Z54) |- |Z||Chevrolet Beretta "GTZ" 1990-1993 (RPO Z04) |- |T||Pontiac Tempest (Canada only) |- |rowspan=5|GM M platform |rowspan=5|M||R||Chevrolet Sprint |- |R||Geo Metro LSi, Metro |- |R||Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) |- |S||Chevrolet Sprint ER |- |S||Geo Metro, Metro XFi |- |rowspan=32|GM N platform |rowspan=32|N |- |B||Oldsmobile Cutlass 1997, Cutlass ''GL'' 1998-1999 |- |C||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1987-1991 |- |D||Buick Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1987-1989, Skylark 4-door ''Luxury Edition'' 1990-1991 |- |D||Chevrolet Malibu 1997-2003, Chevrolet Classic 2004-2005 |- |E||Chevrolet Malibu ''LS'' 1997-2003 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am 1985-1988, Grand Am ''LE'' 1989-1991 |- |E||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1992-2005 |- |F||Oldsmobile Calais 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais 1988, Cutlass Calais ''S'' 1989-1991 |- |F||Oldsmobile Achieva ''SL'' 1992-1994, Achieva ''SC'' 1994 |- |F||Oldsmobile Alero ''GLS'' 1999-2004 |- |F||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE1'' 2000-2004 |- |G||Oldsmobile Cutlass ''GLS'' 1997-1999 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am 1991 |- |G||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE2'' 2000, 2003-2004 |- |J||Buick Somerset Regal 1985, Somerset ''Custom'' 1986-1987, Skylark 2-door ''Custom'' 1988-91, Skylark 4-door ''Custom'' 1986 |- |J||Buick Skylark 1992, Skylark ''Limited'' 1993-1994, Skylark ''Custom'' 1996-1998,<br /> Skylark ''Limited'' & ''Gran Sport'' 1996-1997 |- |K||Buick Somerset ''T-Type'' 1986 |- |K||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais ''International Series'' 1988-1991 |- |K||Oldsmobile Alero ''GX'' 1999-2004 |- |L||Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais 1989-1991 |- |L||Oldsmobile Achieva ''S'' 1992-1995, Achieva ''SL'' 1996-1998, Achieva ''SC'' 1996-1997 |- |L||Oldsmobile Alero ''GL'' 1999-2004 |- |M||Buick Somerset Regal ''Limited'' 1985, Somerset ''Limited'' 1986-'87, Skylark 2-door ''Limited'' '88-'89, Skylark 2-door ''Gran Sport'' 1990-1991, Skylark 4-door ''Limited'' 1986 |- |M||Buick Skylark ''Gran Sport'' 1992-1994 |- |T||Oldsmobile Calais ''Supreme'' 1985-1987, Cutlass Calais ''SL'' 1988-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark 1990-1991 |- |V||Buick Skylark ''Custom'' 1993-1995, ''Limited'' 1995, ''Gran Sport'' 1995 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''LE'' 1985-1988 |- |V||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT1'' 2000-2005 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''SE'' 1986-1991 |- |W||Pontiac Grand Am ''GT'' 1992-2005 |- |rowspan=5|GM P platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=5|P |- ||E||Pontiac Fiero ''Coupe'' 1985-1988 |- ||F||Pontiac Fiero ''SE'' 1985-1987 |- ||G||Pontiac Fiero ''GT'' 1985-1988 |- ||M||Pontiac Fiero ''Sport coupe'' 1985-1987 |- |rowspan=1|GM P platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=1|P||X||General Motors EV1 1997, 1999 |- |rowspan=6|GM R platform |rowspan=6|R |- ||F||1985-1986 Chevrolet Spectrum |- ||F||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 3-door hatchback, 1989 Geo Spectrum 3-door hatchback |- ||F||1990-1993 Geo Storm |- ||G||1987-1988 Chevrolet Spectrum 4-door sedan, 1989 Geo Spectrum 4-door sedan |- ||T||1990-1993 Geo Storm GSi |- |rowspan=8|GM S platform |rowspan=8|S||K||1985-1988 Chevrolet Nova |- |K||1989-1997 Geo Prizm, 1998-2002 Chevrolet Prizm |- |L||1988 Chevrolet Nova Twin Cam, 1990-1992 Geo Prizm GSi |- |L||2003-2008 Pontiac Vibe, 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/manual transmission |- |M||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''AWD'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe AWD w/automatic transmission |- |N||2003-2006 Pontiac Vibe ''GT'', 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/manual transmission |- |P||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe FWD w/automatic transmission |- |R||2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe GT FWD w/automatic transmission |- |rowspan=32|GM Sigma platform |rowspan=32|D||A||Cadillac CTS Base model RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model RWD 2014 |- |B||Cadillac CTS Wagon Luxury Collection RWD 2014 |- |C||Cadillac CTS Base model AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection RWD 2014 |- |D||Cadillac CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection RWD 2014 |- |E||Cadillac CTS Luxury Collection RWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe Base model AWD 2014 |- |F||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Wagon Luxury Collection AWD 2014 |- |G||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Performance Collection AWD 2014 |- |H||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Luxury Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013, CTS Coupe/Wagon Premium Collection AWD 2014 |- |J||Cadillac CTS Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection RWD 2010-2013 |- |K||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |L||Cadillac CTS Performance Collection AWD 2010-2013 |- |M||Cadillac CTS V6 2003-2004, CTS 2.8L 2005-2007, CTS Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Performance Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |N||Cadillac CTS V-Series 2004-2007, 2009 |- |P||Cadillac CTS 3.6L 2005-2007, CTS Direct Inj. V6 Man. Trans. RWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection RWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |R||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2008 |- |S||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD 2008-2009, CTS Premium Collection AWD w/Navigation 2010-2013 |- |T||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD 2009 |- |V||Cadillac CTS Direct Inj. V6 Auto. Trans. RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009, CTS sedan V-Series 2010-2014, CTS Wagon V-Series 2011-2014, CTS Coupe V-Series 2011-2015 |- |0||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2010 |- |1||Cadillac CTS Eco Luxury Pkg. 2010 |- |2||Cadillac CTS Sport Appearance Pkg. 2011 |- |A||Cadillac STS V6 AWD 2008-2009 |- |B||Cadillac STS V8 AWD 2008-2009 |- |C||Cadillac STS V8 2005-2007, STS V8 RWD 2008-2009 |- |D||Cadillac STS V6 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |K||Cadillac STS V6 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |L||Cadillac STS V8 AWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |U||Cadillac STS (all models) 2010, STS (Base model) 2011 |- |W||Cadillac STS V6 2005-2007, STS V6 RWD 2008-2009, STS Luxury 2011 |- |X||Cadillac STS V-Series 2006-2009, STS Luxury Performance 2011 |- |Z||Cadillac STS V8 RWD w/Navigation 2008-2009 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||B|| 1985-1987 Chevrolet Chevette CS |- |B||1985-1987 Pontiac Acadian (Canada only) |- |J||1985 Pontiac Acadian Scooter (Canada only) |- |L||1985-1987 Pontiac 1000 |- |rowspan=4|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=4|T||N|| Pontiac LeMans 1988, LeMans LE 1989-1991, LeMans SE 1992-1993 |- |R||1988-1989 Pontiac LeMans SE sedan |- |S||1988-1990 Pontiac LeMans GSE AeroCoupe |- |X||1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans VL AeroCoupe |- |rowspan=3|GM T platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=3|A |- |R||Saturn Astra XE (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |T||Saturn Astra XR (US: 2008, Canada: 2008-2009) |- |rowspan=4|Daewoo T200 platform |rowspan=4|T||D||Chevrolet Aveo Special Value 2004-2008, Base model 2004, LS 2005-2011, Aveo 1LT 2009-2011 |- |G||Chevrolet Aveo LT 2005-2008, Aveo 2LT 2009-2011 |- |J||Chevrolet Aveo LS 2004 |- |D||Pontiac G3 2009 |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - front-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1987-1992 Cadillac Allanté with standard removable hardtop |- |S||1990-1993 Cadillac Allanté |- |rowspan=2|GM V platform - rear-wheel drive |rowspan=2|V||R||1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |X||2004-2006 Pontiac GTO coupe |- |rowspan=49|GM W platform |rowspan=49|W |- |A||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LS'' 2014-2016 |- |B||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''LT'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LT'' 2014-2016 |- |C||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.9L 2006-2009, Impala ''LTZ'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''LTZ'' 2014-2016 |- |D||Chevrolet Impala ''SS'' 2006-2009, Impala ''Police'' 2010-2013, Impala Limited ''Police'' 2014-2016 |- |E||Chevrolet Impala ''Taxi'' 2010-2012 |- |F||Chevrolet Impala 2000-2005, Impala ''LS'' Fleet (1FL) 2011-2013 |- |G||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' Fleet (2FL) 2011-2013 |- |H||Chevrolet Impala ''LS'' 2000-2005 |- |J||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 2006-2007 |- |K||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.9L 2006, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2007 |- |L||Chevrolet Lumina 1990-2001, Lumina ''LS'' 1997-1999 |- |L||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2006-2007 |- |M||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LT'' 3.5L 2006 |- |N||Chevrolet Lumina ''Euro'' 1990-1994, Lumina ''LS'' 1995-1996, Lumina ''LTZ'' 1997-1999 |- |N||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LTZ'' 2006 |- |P||Chevrolet Lumina ''Z34'' 1991-1994, Impala ''SS'' 2004-2005 |- |S||Chevrolet Impala ''Police'' 2006-2009 |- |T||Chevrolet Impala ''LT'' 3.5L 2006-2009 |- |U||Chevrolet Impala ''LTZ'' 2006-2009 |- |V||Chevrolet Impala ''50th Anniversary Edition'' 2008 |- |W||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''LS'' 1995-2005 |- |X||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''Z34'' 1995-1999, Monte Carlo ''SS'' 2000-2004, Monte Carlo ''LT'' 2005 |- |Z||Chevrolet Monte Carlo ''SS Supercharged'' 2004-2005 |- |C||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GXP'' 2005-2008 |- |H||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1991-1993 |- |J||Pontiac Grand Prix 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''LE'' 1990, Grand Prix ''SE'' 1991-2000 |- |K||Pontiac Grand Prix ''LE'' 1988-1989, Grand Prix ''SE1'' 2000-2003 |- |P||Pontiac Grand Prix ''SE'' 1988-1990, Grand Prix ''GT'' 1991-1993, 1997-2003,<br /> Grand Prix ''GT1'' 2004, Grand Prix 2005-2008 |- |R||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GTP'' 1999-2005, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2006-2007 |- |S||Pontiac Grand Prix ''GT2'' 2004, Grand Prix ''GT'' 2005 |- |T||Pontiac Grand Prix ''STE'' 1990-1993 |- |H||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 1988-1991, Cutlass Supreme ''S'' 1992-1994,<br /> Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1995-1997, Intrigue 1998, Intrigue ''GX'' 1999-2002 |- |R||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''International Series'' 1988-1993 |- |S||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme ''SL'' 1988-1991, Intrigue ''GL'' 1998-2002 |- |T||Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Convertible 1990-1995 |- |X||Oldsmobile Intrigue ''GLS'' 1998-2002 |- |B||Buick Regal ''Custom'' 1988-1996, Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1995-1996, Regal ''LS'' 1997-2004 |- |C||Buick Lacrosse ''CX'' 2005-2009 |- |D||Buick Regal ''Limited'' 1988-1996, Lacrosse ''CXL'' 2005-2009 |- |E||Buick Lacrosse ''CXS'' 2005-2008 |- |F||Buick Regal ''GS'' Coupe 1992-1994, Regal ''GS'' Sedan 1992-2004 |- |F||Buick Allure ''CX'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |H||Buick Allure ''CXS'' 2005-2008 (Canada only) |- |J||Buick Allure ''CXL'' 2005-2009 (Canada only) |- |N||Buick Lacrosse ''Super'' 2008-2009 |- |P||Buick Allure ''Super'' 2008-2009 (Canada only) |- |S||Buick Century ''Custom'' 1997-2005 |- |Y||Buick Century ''Limited'' 1997-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM X platform |rowspan=3|X||B||1985 Buick Skylark Custom |- |C||1985 Buick Skylark Limited |- |X||1985 Chevrolet Citation II |- |rowspan=39|GM Y platform |rowspan=39|Y||V||2004-2009 Cadillac XLR |- |X||2006-2009 Cadillac XLR V-Series |- |Y||1985-2008 Chevrolet Corvette (all models except '90-'95 ZR-1) |- |Z||1990-1995 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 |- |G||2009 Chevrolet Corvette GT1 Championship Edition (Base & Z06) |- |R||2009 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 (after early production) |- |Y||2009 Chevrolet Corvette (Base model, Early production Z06, Early production ZR1) |- |Z||2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (after early production) |- |A||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |B||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |C||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |D||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |E||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |F||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |G||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |H||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |J||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Standard 1LZ Man. Trans. |- |K||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Premium 2LZ Man. Trans. |- |L||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |M||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Standard 1ZR Man. Trans. |- |N||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |P||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Man. Trans. |- |R||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |S||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |T||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |U||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Standard 1LT Auto. Trans. |- |V||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Preferred 2LT Auto. Trans. |- |W||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Premium 3LT Auto. Trans. |- |X||2010-2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |Y||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Premium 3LT Man. Trans. |- |Z||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |1||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |2||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |3||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |4||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Auto. Trans. |- |5||2013 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3LZ Man. Trans. |- |6||2013 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 3ZR Man. Trans. |- |7||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible 60th Anniversary Edition Custom 4LT Man. Trans. |- |8||2013 Chevrolet Corvette 427 Convertible Collector Edition Preferred 2LT Man. Trans. |- |rowspan=13|GM Z platform |rowspan=13|Z |- |E||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999 |- |F||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 2-Door) 1993-1999, SL (manual transmission) 1991-02 |- |G||Saturn SC (manual transmission) 1991-1992, SC2 (manual transmission 2-Door) 1993-99,<br /> SL1 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW1 (manual transmission) 1993-1999 |- |H||Saturn SC (automatic transmission) 1991-92, SC2 (automatic transmission 2-Door) '93-'99,<br /> SL1 (automatic transmission) 1991-02, SW1 (automatic transmission LHD) '93-'99 |- |J||Saturn SL2 (manual transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (manual transmission) 1993-2001 |- |K||Saturn SL2 (automatic transmission) 1991-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 1993-1999) |- |M||Saturn SW1 "Postal" [SWP] (automatic transmission RHD) 1999-2001 <br>(Made for US Postal Service rural route mail carriers) |- |N||Saturn SC1 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002, SW2 (automatic transmission 2000-01) |- |P||Saturn SC1 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |R||Saturn SC2 (manual transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |S||Saturn SL Spring Special 2002 |- |Y||Saturn SC2 (automatic transmission 3-Door) 1999-2002 |- |rowspan=3|GM Zeta platform (VE) |rowspan=3|E||C||Pontiac G8 GT |- |P||Pontiac G8 GXP |- |R||Pontiac G8 (Base model) |- |rowspan=2|GM Zeta platform (VF) |rowspan=2|F||1||2014-2017 Chevrolet SS w/automatic transmission |- |2||2015-2017 Chevrolet SS w/manual transmission |- |GM Zeta platform (WM) |M||K||2011-2013 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |GM Zeta platform (WN) |N||S||2014-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV |- |rowspan=19|GM Zeta platform (models formerly on F platform) |rowspan=19|F||A||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' automatic transmission 2010-2011, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2012-2014, ''LS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |B||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''2LS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |C||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2010-2014, ''LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |D||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |E||Chevrolet Camaro ''LS'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' manual transmission 2015 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro ''LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''2LT'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |G||Chevrolet Camaro ''2LT'' manual transmission 2010-2014, ''SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |H||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "J" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |J||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2015 |- |K||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' automatic transmission 2010-2015 |- |L||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2013-2014, ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2015 |- |M||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' automatic transmission 2015 |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014. Note: Must have "W" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2012. Note: Must have "P" in 8th position of VIN. |- |S||Chevrolet Camaro ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2014. Note: Must have "E" in 8th position of VIN. |- |T||Chevrolet Camaro ''2SS'' manual transmission 2010-2014 |- |Z||Chevrolet Camaro ''ZL1'' manual transmission 2013-2014, ''Z/28'' manual transmission 2015 |- |} RHD= Right-Hand Drive ====Model Line 2010- Passenger Car (Using Vehicle Platforms introduced 2010 or later)==== The Model Line is specified as character 4 of the American GM VIN for Passenger Cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |A||Cadillac ATS 2013-2019 |- |A||Cadillac CTS sedan 2014-2019, CTS V-Series sedan 2016-2019 |- |B||Chevrolet Cruze 2016-2019 |- |C||Chevrolet Spark 2013-2022, Spark EV 2014-2016 |- |D||Cadillac CT4 2020-2026 |- |D||Cadillac CT5 2020-2026 |- |F||Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2024 |- |F||Chevrolet Bolt EV 2017-2023, Bolt EUV 2022-2023, Bolt 2027 |- |G||Buick LaCrosse 2010-2016 |- |G||Buick Regal 2011-2020, Buick Regal TourX 2018-2020 |- |J||Chevrolet Sonic 2016-2020 |- |K||Cadillac CT6 2016-2020 |- |M||Cadillac Celestiq EV 2025- |- |P||Buick Verano 2012-2017 |- |P||Chevrolet Cruze 2011-2015, Cruze Limited 2016 |- |R||Cadillac ELR 2014, 2016 |- |R||Chevrolet Volt 2011-2019 |- |W||Buick Cascada 2016-2019 |- |Y||Chevrolet Corvette 2014- |- |Z||Buick LaCrosse 2017-2019 |- |Z||Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2025 |- |1||Cadillac XTS 2013-2019 |- |1||Chevrolet Impala 2014-2020 |- |1||Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015, Malibu Limited 2016 |- |} ===Body style codes 1987- Passenger Car=== The Body type is specified as character 6 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !Description |- |1||Two-Door Coupe/Sedan |- |2||Two-Door Hatchback |- |3||Two-Door Convertible |- |4||Two-Door Wagon ('91-'92 Geo Storm Hatchback) |- |5||Four-Door Sedan |- |6||Four-Door Hatchback |- |7||Four-Door Hatchback ('89-'90 Geo Prizm hatchback) |- |8||Four-Door Station Wagon |- |9||Four-Door Station Wagon - High Roof Monocab |} ===American restraint types 1987-=== The restraint type is specified as character 7 of the American GM VIN for passenger cars. {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 1987-2009==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |1||Active (Manual) belts 1987-1996 |- |2||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1992-2005<br />(For '94-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix coupe: Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |3||Active (Manual) belts plus driver side front airbag 1988-1996 <br />(For '94 Geo Prizm: Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags) |- |4||Passive (Automatic) belts 1987-1996 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 1997-2005 |- |4||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2006-2009 |- |5||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver side front airbag 1992-1996 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & driver-side side impact airbag 2000-2005 |- |5||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |6||Passive (Automatic) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 1994-1996 |- |6||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & occupant sensor 2000-2009 |- |7||Active (Manual) belt driver & Passive (Automatic) belt passenger plus driver and passenger front airbags 1996 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & rear side airbags 2000-2005 |- |7||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |8||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags & occupant sensor 2006-2009 |- |9|| |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for passenger cars 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010- |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017, 2027 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side curtain airbags 2010 |- |G||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain airbags 2010-2017 |- |N||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front knee airbags 2016-2019 |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2012- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2011- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain airbags 2011 |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2012-2017 |} {{center/top}} ====Restraint codes for light trucks 2010-==== {{center/end}} {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN Code !Description |- |A||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2010 |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag 2011- |- |B||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2010 |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags 2011- |- |C||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2010 |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags 2011- |- |D||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2010 |- |E||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain airbags 2010- |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2011-2015 |- |F||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side airbags & side curtain airbags for up to 3 rows of seating 2016- |- |H||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver-side side-impact airbag & driver-side side curtain airbag 2023-2024 |- |K||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center airbags 2013- |- |L||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & driver-side knee airbags 2017-2023 |- |M||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front center & front knee airbags 2025- |- |R||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2017- |- |S||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & rear side & side curtain & front knee airbags 2013- |- |T||Active (Manual) belts plus driver-side front airbag & driver- and passenger-side side-impact airbags & side curtain airbags 2023- |- |U||Active (Manual) belts plus driver and passenger front & side & front row side curtain & front knee airbags 2013-2019 |} ===American engine codes 1981-=== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: ====Engine codes for passenger cars==== Warning: Issues with decoding are related to year/model combinations. Each year has a different breakdown for each code along with plants and some model/trim breakdowns over years. Entry: 1985-1988 Pontiac Fiero has a 9 engine code for the 2.8L L44 V6. Entry: 1986-1990 Cadillac Brougham, Oldsmobile 307 Cu. In. V8 vin code Y. {| border=1 style="margin:auto;" !VIN !RPO !Size !Type !Fuel !Valvetrain !Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- |A||LD5||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81 Chevy Camaro (CA), Pontiac Catalina, Firebird, LeMans, Buick Century,<br /> '81-'83 Chevy Malibu (CA), '81-'84 Monte Carlo, Caprice, Impala (CA), '81-'87 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '81-'85 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre,<br /> '81-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, '84 Parisienne |- |A||LG0||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 H.O. '89-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, '89-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'94 Achieva, '90 Cutlass Supreme, '90-'94 Chevy Beretta |- |A||LH2||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac XLR, '05-'10 Cadillac STS |- |A||LCV||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13 Chevy Malibu, '16 Malibu Limited, '16-'19 Impala,<br /> '13-'16 Cadillac ATS |- |A||LV7||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '16-'22 Chevy Spark. |- |B||LG2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '86 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera. |- |B||L26||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8.<br /> '91-'93 Cadillac Eldorado, Seville, '91-'95 DeVille, '91-'92 Fleetwood, '91-'93 Sixty Special |- |B||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy Cobalt, '06-'07 Saturn Ion, '06-'10 Pontiac G6, Solstice,<br /> '07-'08 Pontiac G5, '07-'10 Saturn Sky, '08-'09 Saturn Aura, '08-'10 Chevy Malibu |- |B||LUV||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. '12-'20 Chevy Sonic, '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited |- |C||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '82-'87 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000/1000 |- |C||LN3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800). '88-'90 Oldsmobile 98, Toronado, Buick Electra, Riviera, Reatta, <br /> '88-'91 Buick LeSabre, Oldsmobile Delta 88/Eighty Eight, Pontiac Bonneville |- |C||L47||4.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Oldsmobile Aurora V8 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Aurora '95-'99, Aurora 4.0 '01-'03 |- |C||LS4||5.3 L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management.<br /> Transversely mounted for FWD. '05-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix GXP, '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo SS,<br /> '06-'09 Chevy Impala SS, '08-'09 Buick LaCrosse Super. |- |C||LAF||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick LaCrosse '10-'11, Regal '11. |- |C||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '12 Chevy Cruze |- |D||LJ5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Indirect injection Diesel||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4FB1 diesel engine imported from Japan. '81-'86 Chevy Chevette |- |D||LD2||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4. '88-'95 Pontiac Grand Am, '88-'91 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, '92-'95 Achieva,<br /> '88-'91 &'95 Buick Skylark, '90-'91 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '95 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |D||LC3||4.4&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Premium V). '06-'09 Cadillac XLR V-Series, Cadillac STS V-Series |- |D||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '11 Cadillac CTS, STS, Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |E||LK9||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra |- |E||LA1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '99-'05 Grand Am, '99-'04 Alero, '00-'05 Impala, Monte Carlo |- |E||L03||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (305 cu. in.). '88-'92 Camaro/Firebird, '89-'93 Chevy Caprice,<br /> '91 Buick Roadmaster Estate wagon, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, Cadillac Brougham. |- |E||LXV||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Family 1 Gen 3 engine. W/VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Aveo, '09 Pontiac G3 |- |E||LS7||7.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port point injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '06-'13 Corvette Z06, '13 Corvette 427, '14-'15 Camaro Z/28 |- |E||LH7||1.6&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '17-'19 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |F||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '81 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |F||LB9||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.). '85-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. '00-'04 Saturn L-Series, '02-'05 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire, Grand Am,<br /> '02-'04 Oldsmobile Alero, '03-'06 Saturn Ion, '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Chevy Cobalt |- |F||L61||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy Cobalt, Malibu, Pontiac G5, '07 Saturn Ion. |- |G||L46||1.8&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '82 J-cars. |- |G||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.)<br /> '84-'86 Camaro/Firebird, '84-'88 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |G||LM3||2.2&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '90-'91 Chevy Cavalier & Corsica/Beretta. |- |G||LS1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '97-'04 Corvette, '98-'02 Camaro/Firebird, '04 Pontiac GTO |- |G||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. 2010 Buick LaCrosse, Cadillac CTS |- |G||LWE||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. PZEV emissions.<br /> '13-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '13-'18 Sonic. |- |H||LG4||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 F-bodies, '81-'83 Chevy Malibu, '81-'85 Impala,<br /> '81-'88 Caprice, Monte Carlo, '83-'86 Pontiac Bonneville, Parisienne, '83-'87 Grand Prix |- |H||LE4||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '92-'94 Pontiac Sunbird. |- |H||LX5||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Oldsmobile "Shortstar" V6 (Premium V). Oldsmobile Intrigue '99-'02, Aurora 3.5 '01-'02. |- |H||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09 Chevy Cobalt, Pontiac G5. |- |H||LUW||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. '11-'15 Chevy Cruze, '16 Cruze Limited, '12-'18 Sonic. |- |J||L39||4.4&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-'82 Chevy Caprice, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo,<br /> '81 Chevy Camaro |- |J||LA5||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil. '84-'86 Pontiac Sunbird, Buick Skyhawk. |- |J||LT5||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Based on Chevy Small-Block V8. Designed with Lotus Engineering.<br /> Made by Mercury Marine. Aluminum Block & Heads. '90-'95 Corvette ZR-1 |- |J||LG8||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen III. 3100. '99-'03 Chevy Malibu, '99 Oldsmobile Cutlass, '00-'01 Chevy Lumina,<br /> '00-'03 Pontiac Grand Prix SE, '00-'05 Buick Century |- |J||L99||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. VVT. With Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '10-'15 Camaro SS (auto. trans.) |- |J||LTA||4.2&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Blackwing V8. VVT. '19-'20 Cadillac CT6 Platinum & V-series |- |K||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Malibu, Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '81 Camaro. |- |K||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '85 Chevrolet Spectrum. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'91 Pontiac Sunbird, '87-'88 Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |K||LT2||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Australia by Holden.<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, '89 LeMans SE sedan |- |K||L36||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series II). '95-'05: Various W-, H-, C-, & G-body models. '95-'02 Camaro/Firebird. |- |K||LZE||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. Flex-Fuel E85 compatible.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'11 Chevy Impala, '09-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6 |- |K||LEA||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT. Buick Regal, Verano '12-'17 (except '13 Regal). |- |K||LSY||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19 Cadillac CT6, '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT5 |- |L||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br> '81 Camaro Z28 (only w/auto. trans. in US), '81-'82 Impala 9C1 Police, '81 Malibu 9C1 Police |- |L||LL1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 H.O. (longitudinally mounted). '83-'84 Pontiac Firebird. |- |L||LN7||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6. '85-'87 Pontiac Grand Am, '85-'88 Oldsmobile & Buick N-bodies,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre |- |L||L27||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Tuned port injection|TPI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '90-'95 Buick Regal, '91-'94 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Park Avenue, '91 Reatta, '91-'93 Riviera, '91-'92 Oldsmobile Toronado, '92-'95 Buick LeSabre, '92-'94 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 88 |- |L||LNK||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine. VVTL-i. '03-'06 Pontiac Vibe GT |- |L||LKW||2.5&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. VVL. '14-'15 Chevy Malibu, Impala |- |L||L3B||2.7L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT4, CT4-V |- |M||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '85 Chevrolet Sprint |- |M||LT3||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '87-'90 Pontiac Sunbird, '87 Buick Skyhawk T-Type, '87-'89 Pontiac Grand Am SE. |- |M||L82||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen III. 3100. '93-'97 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '94-'98 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '94-'99 Pontiac Grand Prix,<br /> '94-'96 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Regal, '94-'99 Century,<br /> '95-'99 Chevy Lumina, Monte Carlo, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass |- |M||LY9||2.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). Euro-market Cadillac CTS '03-'04. |- |M||LGD||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. '09-'11 Chevy Impala, Buick Lucerne |- |M||LE2||1.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'19 Chevy Cruze. |- |N||LF9||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81-'85 Chevy Caprice, Impala, '82-'83 Malibu, '82-'84 Monte Carlo,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville, '81 Catalina, '83-'85 Parisienne,<br /> '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98, '81-'85 Cutlass/Cutlass Supreme, Delta 88, Custom Cruiser, Toronado,<br /> '81-'83 Buick Electra, '81-'85 LeSabre, Electra Estate wagon, Riviera, '82-'83 Regal,<br /> '81-'84 Cadillac DeVille, '81-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville |- |N||LG7||3.3&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3300). '89-'93 Buick Century, Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, '89-'91 Cutlass Calais,<br /> '92-'93 Achieva, Pontiac Grand Am. |- |N||LA3||3.2&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '03-'04 Cadillac CTS |- |N||LZ4||3.5L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. VVT. '06-'07 Chevy Monte Carlo, '06-'10 Chevy Impala,<br /> '07-'10 Chevy Malibu, Pontiac G6, '07-'08 Saturn Aura |- |N||LFR||3.6L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||(Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). GM High Feature V6. '15-'17 Chevy Impala Bi-Fuel |- |P||LQ5||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '83-'86 J-cars ('83-'84 for Pontiac). |- |P||LT1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Heads: '92-'96 Corvette, '93-'97 Camaro/Firebird.<br /> Iron Heads: '94-'96 Chevy Caprice, Impala SS, Buick Roadmaster, Cadillac Fleetwood. |- |P||LSJ||2.0&nbsp;L||SC Straight-4|I4 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential central point injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I. Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> '04-'07 Saturn Ion Red Line, '05-'07 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. |- |P||LSA||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> Cadillac CTS V-Series '09-'15, Camaro ZL1 '12-'15 |- |P||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing '22-'26 |- |R||LR8||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '82-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'90 Chevy Celebrity, '82-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '82-'92 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '84-'88 Pontiac Fiero, '90-'92 Chevy Lumina |- |R||L81||3.0&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '97-'01 Cadillac Catera, '00-'05 Saturn L-Series |- |R||LZ8||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '07 Chevy Impala |- |R||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '09 Corvette ZR1. |- |R||LUK||2.4L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse eAssist, Regal eAssist,<br /> '13-'14 Chevy Malibu Eco, '14 Chevy Impala Eco |- |S||LS5||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 265 cu. in.<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, Firebird, Grand Prix, LeMans, Buick Century, Regal. |- |S||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '83 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |S||LB8||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '85-'89 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||L32||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '93-'95 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |S||LS6||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen III Chevy Small-Block V8. (346 cu. in.) Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '01-'04 Corvette Z06, '04-'05 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |S||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '11 Buick Lucerne Super |- |S||LGX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac ATS, CTS, '16-'20 CT6, '16-'24 Chevrolet Camaro, '17-'19 Buick LaCrosse, '18–'20 Buick Regal GS |- |T||LU8||4.9&nbsp;L||V8 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird Formula & Trans Am. |- |T||LT7||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '82-'85 GM A-bodies. |- |T||LS2||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. FWD version for '85 GM C-bodies. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '90-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |T||LH0||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi Port Fuel injection|MPFi||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). Gen II. '88-'91 Pontiac 6000,<br /> '89-'93 Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal, '90-'94 Chevy Cavalier, Lumina,<br /> '91-'94 Pontiac Sunbird, '90-'93 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '90 Celebrity |- |T||LD9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("2.4 Twin Cam"). '96-'01 Pontiac Grand Am, '96-'97 Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark, '99-'01 Oldsmobile Alero, '97-'99 Chevy Malibu, '96-'02 Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire |- |T||LP1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '05-'07 Cadillac CTS |- |T||LS9||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. '10-'13 Corvette ZR1. |- |T||LFV||1.5L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. '16-'25 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||L68||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Transversely mounted. '85-'91 N-bodies |- |U||LS2||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'07 Corvette, '05-'06 Pontiac GTO, '06-'07 Cadillac CTS V-Series |- |U||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. '11-'12 Chevy Malibu. |- |U||LKN||1.8L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Full Hybrid. GM Medium Gasoline Engine. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br> '16-'19 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |V||LT6||4.3&nbsp;L||V6||Indirect injection Diesel||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V6. RWD version.<br /> '82-'83 Chevy Malibu, Monte Carlo, '82-'85 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |V||LG5||3.1&nbsp;L||V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Gen II. Intercooled. (ASC/McLaren modified).<br /> '89-'90 Pontiac Grand Prix Turbo coupe, '90 Grand Prix STE Turbo sedan |- |V||LLT||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '08-'10 Cadillac CTS, STS, '10 Chevrolet Camaro, Buick LaCrosse |- |V||LHU||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E85 Flex Fuel (N/A on Regal GS). GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> Buick Regal '11-'13, Verano '13-'16. |- |W||L37||4.9&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Pontiac V8. 301 cu. in. '81 Pontiac Firebird, LeMans Safari wagon. |- |W||LB6||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Gen I/II Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '85-'89 Chevy Cavalier, Celebrity, Pontiac 6000, '85-'88 Cadillac Cimarron,<br /> '85-'87 Oldsmobile Firenza, '86-'89 Cutlass Ciera, '87-'88 Buick Century, '87-'89 Chevy Corsica/Beretta, '88-'89 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Buick Regal |- |W||L64||3.1&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Flex-fuel: Gas/M85 or Gas/E85 (2 versions). Gen II Chevrolet 60° V6. '93 Chevy Lumina VFV |- |W||L99||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '94-'96 Chevy Caprice. |- |W||LS3||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'13 Corvette, '10-'15 Camaro SS (man. trans.), '09 Pontiac G8 GXP, '14-'17 Chevy SS |- |W||LGY||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '20-'26 Cadillac CT5, CT5-V |- |X||LE2||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). '81-'85 Chevy Citation, Buick Skylark,<br /> '81-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, '82-'86 Chevy Celebrity, Pontiac 6000,<br /> '86 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century |- |X||LQ1||3.4&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MPFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Chevrolet 60° V6 ("Twin Dual Cam V6"). '91-'97 Chevy Lumina, '95-'97 Chevy Monte Carlo,<br /> '91-'96 Pontiac Grand Prix, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme |- |X||LNF||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. VVT.<br /> '07-'10 Pontiac Solstice GXP, Saturn Sky Red Line, '08-'10 Chevy Cobalt SS Turbo. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '13-'22 Chevy Malibu, '13-'19 Cadillac ATS, '14-'20 Buick Regal,<br /> '14-'19 Cadillac CTS, '16-'23 Chevy Camaro, '16-'18 Cadillac CT6. |- |X||LTG||2.0&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Plug-in hybrid. GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. VVT. '17-'18 Cadillac CT6 PHEV. (VIN starts with LRE) |- |Y||LV2||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) '86-'90 Chevy Caprice wagon, '87 Caprice sedan (Can.),<br /> '81 Pontiac Bonneville, Catalina, '86 Parisienne, '87-'89 Safari wagon, '81-'84 Oldsmobile 98,<br /> '81-'85 Delta 88, Toronado, '81-'90 Custom Cruiser, '81 Cutlass Cruiser, '82-'87 Cutlass Supreme,<br /> '88 Cutlass Supreme Classic, '81-'84 Buick Electra, '85-'89 Electra Estate wagon,<br /> '81-'85 LeSabre, Riviera, '86-'89 LeSabre Estate wagon, '90 Estate wagon, '86-'87 Regal,<br /> '86 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham, '87-'90 Brougham |- |Y||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '93 Cadillac Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br> '94-'99 Cadillac Eldorado base model, '00-'02 Eldorado Sport Coupe,<br /> '94-'04 Cadillac Seville SLS, '94-'95 Cadillac DeVille Concours,<br> '96-'05 Cadillac DeVille base model, '97-'99 DeVille D'elegance, '99 DeVille 50th Anniv. Ed.,<br /> '00-'05 DeVille DHS, '06-'10 Cadillac DTS (all except '06-'09 Performance & '10 Platinum),<br /> '04-'05 Pontiac Bonneville GXP, '06-'07 Buick Lucerne CXL V8 & CXS,<br> '08 Buick Lucerne CXL Special Edition V8 & CXS |- |Y||L76||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '08-'09 Pontiac G8 GT. |- |Y||LF1||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '11 Cadillac CTS |- |Y||LF4||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Cadillac ATS-V '16-'19 |- |Z||LH7||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '81-'84 Chevy Citation, '82-'84 Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega ES, Buick Skylark, '83-'84 Pontiac 6000 STE, '84 Chevy Celebrity |- |Z||LB4||4.3L||V6||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85 Chevy Impala, '85-'90 Caprice,<br /> '92-'93 Caprice 9C6 taxi, '85-'88 Monte Carlo, '85-'86 Pontiac Parisienne, '86-'87 Grand Prix,<br> '86 Bonneville. |- |Z||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |Z||LUZ||2.0&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Direct injection <br /> Common-rail Diesel||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family B Diesel (Based on Fiat JTD engine). Made by Opel in Kaiserslautern, Germany.<br /> Iron Block, Aluminum Heads. '14-'15 Chevy Cruze Diesel. |- |1||LC1||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (longitudinally mounted). '82-'84 Camaro/Firebird. |- |1||LL8||2.0&nbsp;L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '87-'89 Chevy/Olds/Buick J-cars & Chevy L-cars. |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series I). '91-'95 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '92-'95 Pontiac Bonneville, Oldsmobile 98, '95 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS |- |1||L67||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series II). '96-'05 Buick Park Avenue Ultra,<br /> '96-'99 Buick Riviera, Oldsmobile LSS, '96-'03 Pontiac Bonneville, '97-'03 Grand Prix,<br /> '97-'04 Buick Regal, '04-'05 Chevy Impala SS, Monte Carlo SS Supercharged |- |1||LZ9||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. VVT.<br /> '06-'07 Chevy Malibu SS, '06-'09 Pontiac G6, '06 Chevy Monte Carlo, Impala, '09-'10 Buick Lucerne |- |1||2H0||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 1 engine, Gen III. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '08 (& '09 in Canada) Saturn Astra |- |1||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '11 & some '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |- |2||LQ9||2.5L||I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. Longitudinally mounted. '82-'85 Camaro/Firebird. |- |2||LS3||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint Turbo |- |2||LY8||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G13BB engine. '98-'01 Chevrolet Metro |- |2||L26||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series III). '04-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, '05-'09 Buick LaCrosse, '06-'08 Buick Lucerne |- |2||L77||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||OHV||Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> E85 Flex Fuel. '11-'17 Chevy Caprice PPV. |- |3||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. 231 cu. in. '81-'82 Buick Regal, Riviera, '81 Chevy Monte Carlo. |- |3||LG3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MFI/SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'88 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Buick Century, '85 & '87 Oldsmobile 98, Buick Electra,<br /> '86-'88 Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick LeSabre, '87 Oldsmobile Toronado, Buick Riviera,<br /> '87-'88 Pontiac Bonneville. |- |3||LW2||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '90 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |3||L40||2.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Oldsmobile Quad 4 ("Quad OHC"). '92-'94 Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Achieva, Buick Skylark |- |3||LZG||3.9L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi Port Fuel injection|SFI||OHV||E85 Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '08 Chevy Impala |- |3||LFX||3.6L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Buick LaCrosse, '12-'15 Chevrolet Camaro, Cadillac CTS, '12-'17 Chevrolet Caprice PPV,<br /> '12-'20 Chevrolet Impala, '14-'16 Chevrolet Impala Limited, '13-'15 Cadillac ATS, '13-'19 Cadillac XTS |- |3||LT6||5.5&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Z06 '23+. |- |4||LC4||4.1&nbsp;L||V6|V6||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '81-'84 Buick LeSabre, Electra, Riviera, Oldsmobile Toronado, '81-'82 Cadillac DeVille, Fleetwood Brougham, Eldorado, Seville, '81-'83 Oldsmobile 98, '82-'84 Buick Regal,<br /> '82 Pontiac Grand Prix, Bonneville G |- |4||LC9||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Toyota 4A-C engine. '85-'88 Chevy Nova |- |4||LN2||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#(Sequential) Multi-port injection|MPI/SFI||OHV||Chevrolet "122" engine. '92-'02 Cavalier, '95-'02 Sunfire, '92-'96 Corsica/Beretta, '93 Lumina,<br /> '93-'96 Cutlass Ciera, Century. |- |4||L32||3.8&nbsp;L||V6 Supercharged||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Supercharged Series III). '04-'07 Pontiac Grand Prix |- |4||LUU||1.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11-'15 Chevy Volt, '14 & '16 Cadillac ELR. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray '20+. |- |4||LT2||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette E-Ray '24+. |- |5||LW9||2.5L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Pontiac Iron Duke engine. '81 Chevy Citation, Pontiac Phoenix, Oldsmobile Omega, Buick Skylark. |- |5||LR6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '88-'89 Cadillac DeVille/Fleetwood/Sixty Special/Eldorado/Seville. |- |5||LY9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '86 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LM9||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Sprint |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-GE engine. '88 Chevy Nova Twin Cam, '90-'92 Geo Prizm GSi |- |5||LW0||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-UW engine. '90-'91 Geo Storm GSi |- |5||LT4||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Gen II Chevy Small-Block V8. '96 Corvette (man. trans.) |- |5||LAT||2.4L||I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Aura Green Line, '08-'09 Chevy Malibu Hybrid |- |5||LAP||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Chevy Cobalt. |- |5||LFW||3.0L||V6||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '12-'13 Cadillac CTS, '14 CTS wagon |- |5||L3A||1.5L||I4||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. VVT. ([[w:EREV|Range extender]]). '16-'19 Chevy Volt. |- |5||LWC||1.6L||I4 Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Gasoline Engine, H.O. VVT. Made in Szentgotthárd, Hungary. '16-'19 Buick Cascada |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Stingray, Grand Sport '27+. |- |5||LS6||6.7&nbsp;L||V8||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Full Hybrid. Gen VI Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette Grand Sport X '27+. |- |6||L81||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '81 Corvette |- |6||L61||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. <br /> '81-'84 Cadillac Commercial Chassis. |- |6||LM1||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '83-'85 Impala 9C1 Police, '86-'88 Caprice 9C1 Police |- |6||L73||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family 1 engine. Made in South Korea by Daewoo. '88-'93 Pontiac LeMans |- |6||LP2||1.0&nbsp;L||Straight-3|I3||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 6 valve ||Suzuki G10A engine. '89-'97 Geo Metro, '98-'00 Chevrolet Metro |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 4A-FE engine. '89-'97 Geo Prizm base/LSi |- |6||L01||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Isuzu 4XE1-V engine. '90-'93 Geo Storm (base model) |- |6||L42||2.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen I (Bi-Fuel Gas/CNG). '03-'04 Chevy Cavalier |- |6||L91||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '04-'07 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LXT||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||E-TEC II. '08 Chevy Aveo |- |6||LD8||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (Torque tuned FWD) (Premium V). '11 Cadillac DTS (all except Platinum) |- |6||LGW||3.0L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'19 Cadillac CT6 |- |6||LT4||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '15-'19 Corvette Z06, '17-'24 Camaro ZL1, '16-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Series,<br /> '22-'26 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing |- |7||LU5||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '82 Camaro, Firebird. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. |- |7||L69||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Quadrajet Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (High Output 5.0L). (305 cu. in.). '83 F-cars, '83 Chevy Monte Carlo SS |- |7||LC5||1.5&nbsp;L||I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1 engine. '86-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum, '89 Geo Spectrum. |- |7||LC2||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Intercooled. Buick V6. '86-'87 Buick Regal. '89 Pontiac 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am |- |7||LC7||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '87-'88 Cadillac Allante. |- |7||L05||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '89-'93 Chevy Caprice (police only for '89-'91),<br /> '92-'93 Buick Roadmaster, '92 Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, '90-'92 Cadillac Brougham, '93 Fleetwood. |- |7||LL0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |7||LY7||3.6&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. VVT. '04-'09 Cadillac CTS, '05-'07 STS, '05-'08 Buick LaCrosse,<br /> '07-'09 Pontiac G6, Saturn Aura, '08-'09 Pontiac G8, '08-'12 Chevy Malibu |- |7||LT1||6.2&nbsp;L||V8||Direct injection|DI||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. With Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> '14-'19 Corvette, '16-'24 Camaro SS |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1 '25+. (1,064 hp) |- |7||LT7||5.5&nbsp;L||V8 Twin Turbo||Port/Direct injection||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Full Hybrid. Chevrolet Gemini Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Flat-plane crank. VVT.<br /> For mid-engine C8 Corvette ZR1X '26+. (1,250 hp) |- |8||LV8||4.3&nbsp;L||V8||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (260 cu. in.) '82 Oldsmobile Cutlass, Delta 88. |- |8||LT8||4.1&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '82-'87 Cadillac DeVille, Eldorado, Seville, '82-'85 Fleetwood Brougham, '85-'87 Fleetwood, '87 Fleetwood Sixty Special. |- |8||LC8||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Buick V6. '83 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |8||L83||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Cross-Fire fuel injection|CFI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '82, '84 Corvette. Dual throttle-body fuel injection. 1st fuel injected Corvette since 1965. |- |8||L98||5.7&nbsp;L||V8||Tuned-port fuel injection|TPI||OHV||Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. '85-'91 Corvette, '87-'92 Chevy Camaro, Pontiac Firebird. |- |8||LQ6||4.5&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Cadillac High Technology V8. '89-'92 Cadillac Allante. |- |8||L24||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '95-'02 Saturn S-Series |- |8||LX9||3.5&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. '04-'06 Chevy Malibu, '05-'06 Pontiac G6 |- |8||LF3||3.6L||V6 Twin Turbo||Direct Injection|DI||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '14-'19 Cadillac CTS V-Sport, XTS V-Sport |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4XF1 engine. '92-'93 Geo Storm GSi. |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 7A-FE engine. '93-'97 Geo Prizm |- |8||LV6||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. VVT-i from '00. '98-'02 Chevrolet Prizm, '03-'08 Pontiac Vibe |- |8||LAY||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Dual VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |9||L17||1.6&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu G161Z engine made by GM in US. '81 Chevy Chevette, Pontiac T1000 |- |9||L62||6.0&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI (DFI)||OHV||Cadillac 472-series V8 engine family. V8-6-4 cylinder deactivation.<br /> '81 Cadillacs, '82-'84 Fleetwood Limousine. |- |9||LC3||3.8&nbsp;L||V6||2 Barrel Carburetor |2BBL||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83 Malibu, '83-'84 Monte Carlo, Impala, Caprice, '83 Pontiac Parisienne. |- |9||LG8||5.0&nbsp;L||V8||4 Barrel Carburetor |4BBL||OHV||Oldsmobile "Rocket" V8 (307 cu. in.) H.O. '83-'84 Hurst/Olds, '85-'87 Oldsmobile Cutlass 442 |- |9||LM9||3.8&nbsp;L||V6|V6 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||OHV||Buick V6. '84-'85 Buick Regal, Riviera. |- |9||L44||2.8&nbsp;L||V6||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6 (transversely mounted). H.O. '85-'88 Pontiac Fiero |- |9||LC0||1.5&nbsp;L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Isuzu 4XC1-T engine. '87-'88 Chevrolet Spectrum Turbo |- |9||LK0||1.9&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Saturn I4 engine. '91-'94 Saturn S-Series |- |9||L37||4.6&nbsp;L||V8||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Cadillac Northstar V8 (H.O. FWD) (Premium V).<br /> '93 Cadillac Allanté, '93-'02 Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe, '93-'04 Cadillac Seville STS,<br> '96-'99 Cadillac DeVille Concours, '00-'05 Cadillac DeVille DTS,<br /> '06-'09 Cadillac DTS Performance, '10 Cadillac DTS Platinum, '08-'10 Buick Lucerne Super |- |9||L72||1.3&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve ||Suzuki G13BA engine. '95-'97 Geo Metro |- |9||LUJ||1.4L||I4 Turbo||Fuel injection#Sequential Multi-port fuel injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. VVT. Early production engines were made in Aspern, Austria; later made in Flint, MI. '11 Chevy Cruze |- |9||LL0||1.2&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Daewoo S-TEC II engine (1249 cc). VVT. Made in Changwon, S. Korea. '13-'15 Chevy Spark. |- |9||LT5||6.2&nbsp;L||V8 Supercharged||Port/Direct injection||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. '19 Corvette ZR1. |- |0||LH8||1.8&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Throttle Body injection|TBI||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||GM Family II engine. Made in Brazil.<br /> '82-'86 Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird, Oldsmobile Firenza, Buick Skyhawk. |- |0||LAX||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Sequential multi-port injection|SFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. VVT-i. '09-'10 Pontiac Vibe |- |0||LE9||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. E85 Flex-Fuel. 2010 Chevy Malibu. |- |0||LE5||2.4&nbsp;L||Straight-4|I4||Fuel injection#Multi-port fuel injection|MFI||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. Most '12 Chevy Malibu w/LE5 engine. |} H.O.=High Output, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift ====Motor codes for electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | 5 ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97, '99 General Motors EV1 |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '14-'16 Chevrolet Spark EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '17-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EV |- | 0 ||EN0|| Electricity || Front || '22-'23 Chevrolet Bolt EUV |- |} ====Motor codes for LFP-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Pack <br /> RPO code !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | V ||P9D (HPB)|| 1 || EJW || Electricity || Front || '27 Chevrolet Bolt |} LFP=Lithium Iron Phosphate ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric passenger cars==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- |- | 1 ||X0E|| 2 || EXN || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq |- | 2 ||X0E|| 2 || EHT || 16 || Electricity || All || '25- Cadillac Celestiq <br> (Battery Module RPO code EHT is Configuration B) |} ====Engine codes for light trucks==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A ||LD5|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Buick V6. (231 cu. in.) '81-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (CA emissions). |- | A ||LR1|| 1.9L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G200 engine imported from Japan.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | A ||L38|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine. '91-'93 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma. |- | A ||LH2|| 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||SFI. Cadillac Northstar V8 (For RWD) (Premium V). '04-'09 Cadillac SRX |- | A ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'13 GMT900 pickups, '10-'14 Express/Savana |- | A ||LCV|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT. '15-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon,<br /> '17-'20 Buick Envision, '17-'21 GMC Acadia, '19-'21 Chevy Blazer |- | B ||LR2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 60° V6.<br /> '82-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'85 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | B ||LU2|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '90-'91 Astro/Safari higher output engine option. |- | B ||L81|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||SFI. Opel 54° V6 engine (Made in the UK). '02-'03 Saturn Vue |- | B ||L33|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300 H.O. 310hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 Silverado/Sierra 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 4wd ext. cab short bed. |- | B ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '09-'10 Chevy HHR |- | B ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel (Also Gas/LPG in Express/Savana). SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT. '11-'20 Express/Savana, '13-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | B ||LUV|| 1.4L ||I4 Turbo|| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Family 0 Engine, Gen III. SFI. VVT.<br /> '13-'21 Buick Encore, '15-'21 Chevy Trax (also '13-'14 Trax in Canada) |- | C ||LH6|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | C ||L34|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki J20A engine. MFI. '99-'03 Chevrolet Tracker |- | C ||LY2|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 GMT900 pickups, '07-'09 Tahoe/Yukon, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | C ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '11. |- | C ||L83|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management<br /> '14-'19 K2XX pickups, '15-'20 K2XX SUVs. |- | C ||L2R|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax") - Detuned version. Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management. '23-'24 Chevy Colorado. |- | D ||LE3|| 4.1L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6.<br /> '81-'84 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy |- | D ||LG6|| 3.1L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '90-'95 U-body minivans. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen I. '02-'07 Saturn Vue, '06 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||L61|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. '07-'08 Chevy HHR. |- | D ||LLT|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. '09-'16 GMC Acadia, '17 GMC Acadia Limited,<br /> '09-'17 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave, '09-'10 Saturn Outlook |- | D ||LBZ|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD & '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD |- | D ||L84|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL. |- | E ||LN8|| 2.5L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Pontiac Iron Duke/Tech IV engine.<br /> '85-'90 Chevy/GMC S-10/S-15, Astro/Safari Cargo Van, '85-'88 S-10 Blazer/S-15 Jimmy. |- | E ||LLR|| 3.7L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-370, '07-'10 Hummer H3, '09-'10 Hummer H3T |- | E ||LA1|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. '96 GMT199 (U-body) minivans, '97-'05 GMT200 (U-body) minivans,<br /> '01-'05 Pontiac Aztek, '02-'05 Buick Rendezvous |- | E ||L4B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '27- Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | F ||LF3|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K, full-size vans, '81-'82 Blazer/Jimmy.<br /> CA emissions version of LE9 5.0 V8. |- | F ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '92-'02,<br /> Chevy/GMC Suburban 1500/2500 '94-'99, over-8,500 lb. GVWR Express/Savana '96-'02 |- | F ||LNJ|| 3.4L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 60° V6. Made in China by SAIC-GM. '05-'09 Chevy Equinox, '06-'09 Pontiac Torrent. |- | F ||L94|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'14 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | F ||L20|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV|| Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '15-'17 Express/Savana |- | F ||L82|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. With Active Fuel Management<br /> '19-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500 (T1XX). |- | G ||LG9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, full-size van |- | G ||L18|| 8.1L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MFI. Vortec 8100. Gen VII Chevrolet Big-Block V8. '01-'02 C3500HD, '01-'06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07 Silverado Classic HD/Sierra Classic HD, '01-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '02-'06 Avalanche 2500, '01-'02 Express/Savana |- | G ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'19 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '10-'13 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '16-'19 Suburban 3500,<br /> '10-'20 Express/Savana. |- | G ||LSD|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '23+ Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | H ||LG4|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8. (305 cu. in.) '81-'87 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | H ||LE9|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '81-'86 C/K pickups, Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, full-size vans |- | H ||L03|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '87 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban. |- | H ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '03 Chevy S-10/GMC Sonoma |- | H ||LS2|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Chevy SSR '05-'06, Trailblazer SS '06-'09, Saab 9-7X Aero '08-'09. |- | H ||LV3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '14-'21 Chevy Silverado 1500/GMC Sierra 1500. |- | J ||L39|| 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8 (267 cu. in.) '81-82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero. |- | J ||LL4|| 6.2L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks '82-'93. '82-'86 C/K pickups, '87-'91 R/V pickups,<br /> '88-'93 C/K, Sierra pickups, '82-'91 Blazer/Jimmy, Suburban, '83-'93 full-size vans |- | J ||L29|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| MFI. Vortec 7400. Gen VI Chevrolet Big-Block V8.<br /> '96-'00 C/K, Sierra pickups, Express/Savana, '96-'99 Suburban 2500 |- | J ||LY5|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, Avalanche |- | J ||LZ1|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '10-'13 Tahoe Hybrid, Yukon Hybrid, Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid, Sierra Hybrid |- | J ||L86|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. <br /> '14-18 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500,<br /> '18-20 Chevy Tahoe Premier, '19-'20 Chevy Suburban Premier, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL SLT,<br /> '15-'20 GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | K ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '81-'82 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions) |- | K ||L05|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans, '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '87-'94 Blazer, '95 Tahoe, '87-'91 Jimmy, '92-'95 Yukon, '87-'95 Suburban. |- | K ||LY6|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '07-'09 Suburban 2500/Yukon XL 2500, '08-'09 Express/Savana |- | K ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '12-'17,<br /> Chevy Captiva Sport '12-'14, Chevy Orlando '14. |- | K ||L3B|| 2.7L ||I4 Turbo||| Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM L3B Tripower engine ("TurboMax"). Direct Injection. VVT, VVL. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, '23-'26 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | L ||LS9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevrolet Small-Block V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR trucks, vans, Suburban, Blazer/Jimmy (CA) '81-'86. |- | L ||L27|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Buick V6 (3800 Series I). '92-'95 U-body minivans |- | L ||LX9|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3498cc. SFI. '05-'06 GMT201 minivans, '06-'07 Buick Rendezvous |- | L ||LH8|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '08-'09 Hummer H3 Alpha, '09 Colorado/Canyon, Hummer H3T Alpha |- | L ||LGH|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '10-'16 Express/Savana, '11-'12 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs |- | L ||L87|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '19-'26 Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500, '21+ Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL,<br /> Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | L ||L3T|| 1.3L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '20+ Buick Encore GX, '21-'26 Chevy Trailblazer, '27 Trailblazer Limited. |- | M ||LT9|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Gen I Chevy Small-Block V8.<br /> For over-8,500 lb. GVWR C/K trucks, full-size vans, Suburban '81-'86, full-size van cutaway '81-'88.<br /> '88 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | M ||L30|| 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5000. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'02 Express/Savana |- | M ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. 2010 Chevy HHR SS. |- | M ||LH6|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '05-'06 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.), '05-'07 Buick Rainier,<br /> '05-'09 GMC Envoy Denali, Saab 9-7X, '06-'08 Chevy Trailblazer, '05 GMC Envoy XUV,<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra 1500 |- | M ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '12. |- | M ||LE2|| 1.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '16-'19 & '21-'22 Buick Encore, '21-'22 Chevy Trax. |- | M ||L76|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. With Dynamic Fuel Management<br /> '27+ Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | N ||L10|| 1.8L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||2-bbl carb. Isuzu G180Z engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV |- | N ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '83-'84 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero. |- | N ||LB1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| 4-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '85 Astro/Safari, '85-'86 C/K pickups & full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '87-'90 R/V pickups, Suburban 2500, '88-'90 C/K, Sierra pickups, full-size vans |- | N ||L19|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen V Chevrolet Big-Block V8. TBI.<br /> '91 R/V pickups, '91-'95 C/K, Sierra pickups, Suburban 2500, full-size vans. '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | N ||LZ4|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. 3510cc. SFI. VVT. '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | N ||LQ9|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 6000 H.O. or VortecMAX. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br /> 345 hp. '02-'06 Cadillac Escalade, '03-'06 Cadillac Escalade ESV, '03-'06 Chevy Silverado SS,<br /> '05-'06 GMC Sierra Denali, '07 GMC Sierra Classic Denali. |- | N ||LGZ|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'22 Chevy Colorado, GMC Canyon. |- | N ||L78|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen VI Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Port/Direct injection, VVT. Dynamic Fuel Management.<br /> '27- Chevy/GMC Silverado 1500/Sierra 1500 |- | P ||L49|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks & full-size vans '94-'95 |- | P ||LM4|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5300. 290hp. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '03-'04 Chevy SSR, '03-'04 GMT370 SUVs (Trailblazer EXT/Envoy XL/Isuzu Ascender 7-psgr.),<br /> '04 Buick Rainier, GMC Envoy XUV |- | P ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '06-'08 Chevy HHR, '08-'09 Saturn Vue |- | P ||LH9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br /> '10-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '10 Hummer H3 Alpha, H3T Alpha |- | P ||LV1|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Chevrolet 90° V6 - Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V6 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '18+ Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | P ||LBP|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Flex Fuel. GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '25-'26 Buick Encore GX, '25-'26 Chevy Trailblazer, '27 Trailblazer Limited, '25- Chevy Trax, Buick Envista. |- | R ||LL2|| 2.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||TBI. Chevrolet 60° V6. '86-'93 Chevy S-10, GMC S-15/Sonoma,<br /> '86-'89 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | R ||L31|| 5.7L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen 1+ Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Vortec 5700. CPI.<br /> '96-'99 Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra, '96-'99 Chevy Tahoe/GMC Yukon, Chevy/GMC Suburban, '99-'00 GMC Yukon Denali, Cadillac Escalade, '00 Chevy Tahoe Limited/Z71, '96-'02 Chevy Express/GMC Savana. |- | R ||L8B|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Mild Hybrid. Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8 (EcoTec3). Direct injection, VVT. Active Fuel Management. '16-'18 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500. |- | R ||L6P|| 8.3L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 8.3L "Mongoose" V8 engine. '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD. |- | S ||LQ7|| 2.2L || I4 || Diesel ||OHV||Isuzu C220 engine imported from Japan. '81-'82 Chevy LUV, '84-'85 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15 |- | S ||L56|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For sub-8,500 lb. GVWR Chevy C/K, GMC Sierra trucks '94-'99,<br /> Chevy Blazer '94, Chevy Tahoe 2-d '95-'99, GMC Yukon 2-d '94-'97 |- | S ||LL8|| 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Atlas I6. SFI. VVT. '02-'09 GMT360/370 SUVs (Chevy Trailblazer, GMC Envoy, Oldsmobile Bravada, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, Saab 9-7X) |- | S ||LGX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6, 4th gen. Direct Injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management.<br /> '17-'26 Cadillac XT5, '17-'23 GMC Acadia, '19-'26 Chevrolet Blazer, '20-'25 Cadillac XT6. |- | S ||LK0|| 2.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||L3B engine family. Direct Injection. VVT. '24- Chevy Traverse, GMC Acadia, '25- Buick Enclave |- | T ||L25|| 4.8L || I6 || Gas ||OHV||1-bbl carb. Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, '88 R/V pickups |- | T ||LM7|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 270/285/295hp.<br /> '99-'07 GMT800 pickups & SUVs including '02-'05 Escalade 2wd, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/<br> Sierra Classic 1500, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | T ||LEA|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex Fuel. GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Orlando '13. |- | T ||LM2|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads. '20-'22 Silverado/Sierra 1500, '21-'24 Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL, Escalade/Escalade ESV. |- | U ||LS5|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 8 valve||Suzuki G16A engine. TBI. '89-'95 Geo Tracker |- | U ||LQ4|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads (Iron Heads in '99-'00).<br /> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500HD/Sierra Classic 1500HD,<br> '00-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL 2500, '01-'06 Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali,<br> '06 Suburban LTZ, '03-'07 Express/Savana, '03-'07 Hummer H2. |- | U ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2011 Chevy HHR |- | U ||LH7|| 1.6L ||I4 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Medium Diesel engine ("Whisper Diesel"). Made by Opel in Szentgotthárd, Hungary.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads. '18-'19 Chevy Equinox & GMC Terrain Diesel. |- | V ||LR4|| 4.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads.<br> '99-'06 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br /> '00-'06 Tahoe/Yukon, '03-'07 Express/Savana |- | V ||LE9|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM Ecotec Gen II. 2009-2010 Chevy HHR |- | V ||LYX|| 1.5L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Small Gasoline Engine. Direct Injection. VVT. '18-'22 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | W ||LE8|| 7.4L || V8 || Gas ||OHV|| Mark IV Chevrolet Big-Block V8. 4bbl carb. '81-'86 Chevy/GMC C/K pickups, Suburban.<br /> '88-'89 Chevy/GMC R30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7C (10,500 lb. GVWR),<br /> V30/3500 Chassis Cab w/C7E (11,000 lb. GVWR) |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| CPI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '92-'95 Sonoma, S-10 Blazer/Jimmy, Astro/Safari, '94-'95 S-10, '92-'94 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | W ||L35|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| SFI. Vortec 4300 H.O. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '96-'02 S-10/Sonoma, Blazer/Jimmy, Express/Savana, C/K, Silverado, Sierra, '96-'01 Bravada, Astro/Safari, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | W ||LGD|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '07-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | W ||LAF|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain '10. |- | W ||LE8|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Flex-Fuel. SFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. 2011 Chevy HHR. |- | W ||LFY|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection.<br> '18-'23 Chevrolet Traverse, '24 Chevrolet Traverse Limited, '18-'24 Buick Enclave. |- | X ||LF6|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived).<br /> '96-'99 S-10/Sonoma, '97-'99 Isuzu Hombre. |- | X ||LU3|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||Vortec 4300. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '03-'04 S-10/Sonoma,<br /> '03-'05 Blazer/Jimmy, '02-'05 Astro/Safari, '03-'14 Express/Savana, '03-'13 Silverado/Sierra,<br> '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500 |- | X ||LNF|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen II. Direct Injection. VVT. '08-'09 Chevy HHR SS. |- | X ||LTG|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Buick Envision, '18-'20 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain, '18-'19 Chevy Traverse RS |- | Y ||LQ2|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet "122" engine.<br /> '83-'84 Chevy S-10/GMC S-15, '83-'84 Chevy S-10 Blazer/GMC S-15 Jimmy |- | Y ||L57|| 6.5L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8. For over-8,500 lb. GVWR full-size vans '94-'95 & '96 G-Classic full-size vans |- | Y ||L76|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT. With Active Fuel Management.<br /> '07-'09 Silverado/Sierra, Suburban/Yukon XL, Chevy Avalanche |- | Y ||LF1|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '10-'11 Cadillac SRX, '11 Saab 9-4X, '10 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain |- | Y ||L5P|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '17-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD.<br> L5P Gen1: '17-'23. Engine updated in '24 (L5P Gen2: '24-'26). |- | Z ||LF9|| 5.7L || V8 || Diesel ||OHV||Oldsmobile Diesel V8. '81 Chevy C10/GMC C1500 full-size pickups. |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 || Gas ||OHV|| TBI. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). '85-'87 Chevy El Camino/GMC Caballero,<br /> '86-'94 Astro/Safari, '87 R/V pickups, '88-'95 C/K & Sierra pickups, '87-'95 full-size vans & <br /> '96 G-Classic full-size vans, '88-'95 S-10, S-15/Sonoma, '88-'94 S-10 Blazer, S-15 Jimmy,<br /> '91-'92 Oldsmobile Bravada |- | Z ||LB4|| 4.3L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||OHV|| MPI. For GMC Syclone & Typhoon. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived) |- | Z ||L59|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. Gen III Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. Vortec 5300. 285/295hp.<br /> '02-'07 GMT800 pickups, '07 Silverado Classic 1500/Sierra Classic 1500,<br> '02-'06 Suburban/Yukon XL, Avalanche. |- | Z ||LAT|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Mild Hybrid. MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '07-'09 Saturn Vue Green Line |- | Z ||L8S|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '27- Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LZ9|| 3.9L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||GM High Value 60° V6. SFI. VVT. '06-'09 GMT201 minivans |- | 1 ||LE5|| 2.4L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||MFI. GM Ecotec Gen II. VVT. '10 Saturn Vue. |- | 1 ||LB7|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. First version of the Duramax V8. '01-Mid '04 Silverado HD/Sierra HD |- | 1 ||LWN|| 2.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Based on VM Motori A428 engine. Made by GM Powertrain Thailand 2016-2020. Made in Brazil for '22. '16-'22 Colorado/Canyon, '17-'22 Express/Savana. |- | 2 ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. Mid '04-Mid '06 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '06-Mid '07 Express/Savana |- | 2 ||L9H|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '09-'13 Chevy Silverado 1500, GMC Sierra 1500, Sierra Denali 1500,<br /> '09 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, GMC Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> Hummer H2 |- | 2 ||LIH|| 1.2L || I3 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||GM E-Turbo Engine. Direct Injection. VVT.<br /> '20-'24 Buick Encore GX, '21-'24 Chevy Trailblazer, '24 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista,<br> '25 Chevy Trax, Buick Envista (Canada only). |- | 3 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '07-'11 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500, '07-'09 & '11 Avalanche |- | 3 ||LFX|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. E85 Flex Fuel.<br /> '12-'16 Cadillac SRX, '13-'17 Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain, '15-'16 Colorado/Canyon |- | 4 ||LN2|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas ||OHV||MFI (94-95). SFI (96-00). Chevrolet "122" engine. '94-'00 S-10/Sonoma, '96-'00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 4 ||LE8|| 2.5L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Suzuki H25A engine. MFI. '01-'04 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 4 ||L66|| 3.5L || V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Honda J35S1 V6. VTEC. '04-'07 Saturn Vue |- | 4 ||LMF|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '08-'14 Express/Savana 1500 |- | 4 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '10 Cadillac SRX |- | 4 ||LSY|| 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||GM Ecotec engine, Gen III. Direct Injection. Active Fuel Management. VVT. VVL.<br /> '19-'25 Cadillac XT4, '20-'26 Chevy Blazer, Cadillac XT5, '20-'23 GMC Acadia,<br /> '21+ Buick Envision, '21-'25 Cadillac XT6 |- | 5 ||L43|| 2.2L || I4 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Chevrolet "122" engine. '00-'02 S-10/Sonoma, '00 Isuzu Hombre |- | 5 ||LFA|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid ||OHV||2-Mode Hybrid. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. VVT.<br> Active Fuel Management.<br> '08-'09 Tahoe Hybrid/Yukon Hybrid, '09 Escalade Hybrid, Silverado Hybrid/Sierra Hybrid |- | 5 ||LFW|| 3.0L || V6 || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex-Fuel. GM High Feature V6. Direct Injection. VVT. '11-'12 Chevy Equinox, GMC Terrain,<br /> '12 Chevy Captiva Sport |- | 6 ||L01|| 1.6L || I4 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Suzuki G16B engine. MFI. '94-'97 Geo Tracker, '98-'00 Chevrolet Tracker |- | 6 ||L52|| 3.5L || I5 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 20 valve||Atlas I5. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-350, '06 Hummer H3 |- | 6 ||LAU|| 2.8L || V6 Turbo || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. SFI. '11 Cadillac SRX, Saab 9-4X |- | 6 ||LMM|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br> '07-'10 Silverado HD/Sierra HD (GMT900), Mid '07-Mid '10 Express/Savana |- | 7 ||LY7|| 3.6L || V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||GM High Feature V6. '04-'06 Buick Rendezvous, '04-'09 Cadillac SRX,<br /> '07-'08 GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, '08 Buick Enclave, '08-'10 Saturn Vue |- | 7 ||LC9|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT.<br /> Aluminum Block & Heads.<br /> '12-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '12-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500 |- | 7 ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '20-'26 Silverado HD/Sierra HD, '21+ Express/Savana |- | 8 ||LK5|| 2.8L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '04-'06 Colorado/Canyon, '06 Isuzu i-280. |- | 8 ||L92|| 6.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. SFI. VVT.<br /> '07-'08 GMC Sierra Denali, Yukon Denali/Yukon XL Denali, Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV,<br> '08 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, Hummer H2. |- | 8 ||LML|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine.<br /> '11-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD pickups, '13-'16 Silverado HD/Sierra HD chassis cabs. |- | 8 ||LZ0|| 3.0L || I6 Turbo|| Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve|| Duramax Diesel I6. Aluminum Block & Heads.<br> '23+ Silverado/Sierra 1500, '24+ Suburban HD, '25+ Tahoe/Suburban, Yukon/Yukon XL. |- | 9 ||LC3|| 3.8L || V6 || Gas ||OHV||2-bbl carb. Chevrolet 90° V6 (Chevy Small-Block V8 Derived). 229 cu. in. <br /> '83-'84 Chevy El Camino, GMC Caballero (49-state emissions). |- | 9 ||LLV|| 2.9L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Atlas I4. SFI. VVT. '07-'12 Colorado/Canyon, '07-'08 Isuzu i-290. |- | 9 ||LT4|| 6.2L ||V8 Supercharged|| Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevy Small-Block V8. Aluminum Block & Heads. Direct injection. VVT. Active Fuel Management. '23+ Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV V-Series. |- | 0 ||LMG|| 5.3L || V8 || Gas/E85 ||OHV||Flex-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Active Fuel Management. VVT added for '10.<br /> Iron Block & Aluminum Heads.<br /> '07-'13 Silverado/Sierra 1500, Avalanche, '07-'14 Tahoe/Yukon, Suburban/Yukon XL 1500. |} H.O.=High Output, VVT=Variable Valve Timing, VVL=Variable Valve Lift, GVWR=Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane Autogas) ====Motor codes for electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | H ||LN1|| Electricity || Front || '97-'98 Chevrolet S-10 Electric. |- |} ====Motor codes for Ultium-powered electric light trucks==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! Motor <br /> RPO code !! # of Motors !! Battery Module <br /> RPO code !! # of Modules !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Application/Notes |- | A ||XRL|| 3 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '22- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | B ||XRL|| 3 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 3X |- | C ||XRL|| 3 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 3X |- | D ||XRJ|| 2 || ETI || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 3WT, '25- Silverado EV 5WT, 3LT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (2SP), '26- Silverado EV Trail Boss (2TR),<br> '24- GMC Hummer EV pickup 2X, '25- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SC,<br> '26- Sierra EV Elevation 3SC, AT4 4SC |- | E ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24- GMC Hummer EV SUV 2X |- | G ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '23 BrightDrop Zevo 600 |- | H ||XRJ|| 2 || EWX || 14 || Electricity || All ||'26- Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, 2LT,<br> '26- GMC Sierra EV Elevation 3SB, Denali 5SB |- | J ||X0C|| 2 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS AWD,<br> '25- Chevy Blazer EV 4LT, 3RS AWD, '24-'26 Honda Prologue AWD |- | K ||X0D|| 1 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || Rear || '23- Cadillac Lyriq RWD, '24-'25 Chevrolet Blazer EV 2RS RWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec RWD |- | L ||X0E|| 2 || EC6 || 12 || Electricity || All || '23- Cadillac Lyriq AWD, '24- Chevrolet Blazer EV PPV AWD,<br> '25- Chevrolet Blazer EV SS AWD, '26- Cadillac Vistiq AWD,<br> '24 Acura ZDX A-Spec, Type S AWD |- | L ||XRJ|| 2 || ETN || 24 || Electricity || All || '24 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT, RST (3SP), '25- Silverado EV 8WT,<br> '25 Silverado EV RST (3SP), '26- Silverado EV 4LT, Trail Boss (3TR),<br> '24- GMC Sierra EV Denali 5SD, '26- Sierra EV AT4 4SD,<br> '25- Cadillac Escalade IQ, '26- Cadillac Escalade IQL |- | M ||X0B|| 1 || EC5 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24-'26 Honda Prologue FWD, '25- Chevy Blazer EV 2LT, 1RS FWD |- | P ||X0B|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Front || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV FWD |- | R ||X0C|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '24- Chevrolet Equinox EV AWD, '25 Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | Y ||XRJ|| 2 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | Z ||XRJ|| 2 || ETJ || 20 || Electricity || All || '24 BrightDrop Zevo 400, Zevo 600,<br> '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 AWD |- | 4 ||X0E|| 2 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || All || '26- Cadillac Optiq AWD |- | 5 ||X0D|| 1 || EC3 || 10 || Electricity || Rear|| '26- Cadillac Optiq RWD |- | 6 ||XRM|| 1 || ETC || 12 || Electricity || Front || '25-'26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 400/600 FWD |- | 7 ||XRJ|| 2 || EWU || 14 || Electricity || All || '26 Chevrolet BrightDrop 600 AWD |} SB=Standard Range, SC=Extended Range, SD=Max Range ====Engine codes for medium duty trucks 2016-==== GM encodes the engine type in character 8 of the VIN. The following table outlines the various engines encoded there: {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | B ||L96|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | C ||LC8|| 6.0L || V8 || Gas/CNG or<br>Gas/LPG ||OHV||Bi-Fuel. SFI. Gen IV Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block & Aluminum Heads. VVT.<br /> '16-'20 Chevy LCF 3500/4500. |- | D ||L8T|| 6.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Gen V Chevrolet Small-Block V8. Iron Block/Aluminum Heads. Direct injection, VVT.<br /> '21-'23 Chevy LCF 3500/4500, '24- Chevy LCF 3500HG/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG. |- | F ||LCB|| 6.7L || I6 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Cummins B Series ISB engine. '22- Chevy LCF 6500XD, '23- Chevy LCF 7500XD. |- | 6 ||I1B|| 5.2L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||SOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4HK1-TC engine. '17- Chevy LCF 4500HD/XD, 5500XD, '17-'24 Chevy LCF 5500HD,<br /> '18-'21 Chevy LCF 6500XD. |- | 7 ||IZ3|| 3.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Isuzu 4JJ1-TC engine. '16-'18 Chevy LCF 3500HD. |- |} ====Engine codes for AM General-built Hummer H1 2000-2006==== AM General encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | F || || 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GEP (General Engine Products), a subsidiary of AM General.<br> '01-'04 Hummer H1 & '06 H1 Fleet models. |- | P ||LLY|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. '06 Hummer H1 Alpha. |- | Z ||L65|| 6.5L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV||Detroit Diesel V8 built by GM. '00-'01 Hummer H1. |- |} ====Engine codes for Nissan-built vans==== Nissan encodes the engine type in character 4 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | 3 ||L0A|| 2.0L || I4 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Nissan MR20DE engine. SFI. VVT. For the '15-'18 Chevrolet City Express. |- |} ====Engine codes for Navistar-built medium-duty trucks==== Navistar encodes the engine type in character 6 & 7 of the VIN. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VIN !! RPO !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes |- | PV ||L5D|| 6.6L || V8 Turbo || Diesel ||OHV,<br /> 32 valve||Duramax 6600 V8 engine. For the Chevy Silverado Medium Duty '19-'26. |- |} ==GM factories supplying North America== ===North American GM factories=== [[w:List_of_General_Motors_factories | List of GM Factories]] {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Notes |- |A |Lakewood Assembly (Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, Georgia) |through 1990 model year |- |A |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2026 model year. Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing "Curated by Cadillac" program only. |- |B |Baltimore Assembly (Baltimore, Maryland) |through 2005 model year |- |B |Reatta Craft Centre/Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |1988-2006 model year (except GM EV1) |- |B |GM Defense-Manufacturing Customer Innovation Center (MCIC) (Concord, North Carolina) |From 2024 model year. Chevrolet Suburban HD (a.k.a. HD SUV) (for US govt. only), GM Defense ISV. |- |C |South Gate Assembly (South Gate, California) |through 1982 model year |- |C |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |South assembly line 1985-2004 model year |- |D |Doraville Assembly (Doraville, Georgia) |through 2009 model year |- |E |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |through 1991 model year |- |E |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |1988-2009 model year |- |E |AM General Military plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |1992-2006 Hummer H1 |- |F |Flint Truck Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |since 1953 |- |F |Fairfax II Assembly (Kansas City, Kansas) |since 1988 model year |- |G |Framingham Assembly (Framingham, Massachusetts) |through 1989 model year |- |G |Silao Assembly (Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico) |since 1995 model year |- |H |Buick City Assembly (Flint, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |H |AM General Commercial plant (Mishawaka, Indiana) |2003-2009 Hummer H2 |- |H |Navistar Springfield plant (Main Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2019- Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty (4500HD/5500HD/6500HD) |- |J |Janesville Assembly (Janesville, Wisconsin) |through 2009 model year |- |J |Lansing Delta Township Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2007 model year |- |K |Leeds Assembly (Leeds, Kansas City, Missouri) |through 1988 model year |- |K |Linden Assembly (Linden, New Jersey) |from 1994-2005 model year |- |K |Nissan plant (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) |2015-2018 Chevrolet City Express |- |L |Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California) |through 1992 model year |- |L |San Luis Potosí Assembly (San Luis Potosí, Mexico) |since 2009 model year |- |M |Lansing Car Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |through 1984 model year, North assembly line 1985-2005 model year |- |M |Toluca Assembly (Toluca, Mexico state, Mexico) |through 2008 model year |- |N |Norwood Assembly (Norwood, Ohio) |through 1987 model year |- |N |Navistar Springfield plant (Secondary Line) (Springfield, Ohio) |2017- Chevrolet Express cutaway, GMC Savana cutaway |- |P |Pontiac Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1988 model year |- |R |Arlington Assembly (Arlington, Texas) |since 1965 [all GM brands]. (R plant code used only by Chevrolet in 1963-64) |- |S |St. Louis Assembly (St. Louis, Missouri) |through 1987 model year |- |S |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |2002-2007 Saturn Vue & 2009-2010 Chevrolet Traverse only |- |S |Spartan Motors/Shyft Group plant (Charlotte, Michigan) |2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500/3500HG/4500/4500HG/5500HG/5500XG/6500XD/7500XD |- |S |Ramos Arizpe Assembly (Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico) |since 1982 |- |T |Tarrytown Assembly (North Tarrytown, New York) |through 1996 model year |- |U |Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly (Factory Zero) <br /> (Detroit & Hamtramck, Michigan) |since 1986 model year |- |U |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |From 2025 model year. Cadillac Celestiq only. |- |V |Pontiac Central Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1991 model year |- |V |Pontiac East Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1985 model year |- |W |Willow Run Assembly (Ypsilanti Township, Michigan) |through 1993 model year |- |X |Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) (Kansas City, Kansas) |through 1987 model year |- |Y |Wilmington Assembly (Wilmington, Delaware) |through 2010 model year |- |Z |Fremont Assembly (Fremont, California) |through 1982 model year |- |Z |NUMMI (Fremont, California) |1985-2010 model year |- |Z |Spring Hill Manufacturing (Spring Hill, Tennessee) |since 1991 model year (except Vue & Traverse) |- |Z |Fort Wayne Assembly (Roanoke, Indiana) |since 1988 model year |- |0 |Pontiac West Assembly (Pontiac, Michigan) |through 1994 model year |- |0 |Lansing Craft Centre (Lansing Township, Michigan) |GM EV1 only |- |0 |Lansing Grand River Assembly (Lansing, Michigan) |since 2003 model year |- |0 |Artisan Center (Warren, Michigan) |2024 Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing 20th Anniversary Edition where the final eight digits of the VIN are R0912004 through R0912024 or R0962004 through R0962024 |- |1 |Wentzville Assembly (Wentzville, Missouri) |since 1985 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1967-1983 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 2 a.k.a. Consolidated Line) (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2019 model year; switched to pickup trucks for 2019 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |Silverado pickup trucks since 2022 model year |- |1 |Oshawa Truck Assembly (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Moraine Assembly (Moraine, Ohio) |through 2009 model year |- |2 |Sainte-Thérèse Assembly (Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada) |through 2002 model year |- |3 |Detroit Truck & Bus plant (Piquette Ave., Detroit, Michigan) |through 1999 model year |- |3 |Saint-Eustache Bus Plant (Saint-Eustache, Quebec, Canada) |through 1987 model year |- |4 |Orion Assembly (Orion Township, Michigan) |since 1985 model year |- |4 |Scarborough Van Assembly (Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) |through 1993 model year |- |5 |Bowling Green Assembly (Bowling Green, Kentucky) |since 1981 model year |- |6 |Oklahoma City Assembly (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) |through 2006 model year |- |6 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |1990-2022 model year |- |7 |Lordstown Assembly (Warren, Ohio) |from 1979-2019 model year |- |8 |Shreveport Assembly (Shreveport, Louisiana) |through 2012 model year |- |9 |Detroit Assembly (Clark Street, Detroit, Michigan)<br> (Cadillac plant) |from 1979-1988 model year |- |9 |Oshawa Car Assembly (Line 1 a.k.a. Flex Line)<br> (Oshawa, Ontario, Canada) |from 1984-2020 model year |- |9 |KUKA plant (Livonia, Michigan) |2022 model year only (BrightDrop Zevo 600) |- |9 |CAMI plant (Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada) |2023-2026 model year (BrightDrop Zevo/Chevrolet BrightDrop) |} ===Non-North American GM factories supplying North America=== {| class="wikitable" !VIN code !Location !Models Sourced |- |A |SAIC-GM plant: Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai, China |2017-2018 Cadillac CT6 Plug-in Hybrid |- |B |Daewoo/GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Bupyeong, South Korea |1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans, 2004-2011 Chevrolet Aveo, 2005-2010 Pontiac Wave/G3, 2004-2006 Chevrolet <br /> Epica (Canada), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Trax, Buick Encore, 2021- Chevrolet Trailblazer, 2020- Buick Encore GX, 2024- Buick Envista |- |C |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Changwon, South Korea |2003-2010 Pontiac Matiz/Matiz G2 (Mexico), 2013-2022 Chevrolet Spark, 2024- Chevrolet Trax |- |D |SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors plant: Yantai, Shandong province, China |2016- Buick Envision, 2019-2023 Chevrolet Aveo (Mexico), 2023- Chevrolet Onix (Mexico) |- |G |Opel plant: Gliwice, Poland |2016-2019 Buick Cascada |- |K |Suzuki plant: Kosai, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1985-1988 Chevrolet Sprint, 1989-1990 Geo Metro hatchback, 1990-1993 Geo Metro convertible, 1985-1990 Pontiac Firefly (Canada), 1991 & 1994 Pontiac Firefly convertible & sedan (Canada) |- |K |GM Daewoo/GM Korea plant: Kunsan, South Korea |2004-2007 Chevrolet Optra (Canada), 2012-2014 Chevrolet Orlando (Canada) |- |L |Holden plant: Elizabeth, South Australia, Australia |2004-2006 Pontiac GTO, 2008-2009 Pontiac G8, 2011-2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS |- |R |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |1997-2001 Cadillac Catera |- |T |GM India plant: Talegaon, Maharashtra, India |2017-2021 Chevrolet Spark Classic/Beat (Mexico) |- |V |SAIC-GM Wuhan plant: Wuhan, Hubei province, China |2018-2021 Chevrolet Cavalier (Mexico), 2022- Chevrolet Cavalier Turbo (Mexico) |- |W |Suzuki plant: Iwata, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |1989-1990 Geo Tracker |- |1 |Opel plant: Rüsselsheim, Germany |2011, 2018-2020 Buick Regal |- |3 |Isuzu plant: Kawasaki, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1987-1998 Chevrolet/GMC W5, 1989-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W6, 1984-1996 Chevrolet/GMC W7 |- |5 |Opel plant: Antwerp, Belgium |2008-2009 Saturn Astra |- |7 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1988 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1988 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada), 1989 Geo Spectrum, 1990-1993 Geo Storm,<br /> 1999-2008 Chevrolet/GMC W3500, 1988-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W4, 1999-2009 Chevrolet/GMC W5,<br /> 2000-2004 Chevrolet/GMC WT5500,<br /> 2016- Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 3500HD/4500HD/4500XD/5500HD/5500XD |- |8 |Isuzu plant: Fujisawa, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |1981-1982 Chevrolet LUV, 1985-1987 Chevrolet Spectrum, 1985-1987 Pontiac Sunburst (Canada),<br /> 1986-1987 Chevrolet/GMC W4 |} ==GM WMIs== {| class=wikitable !WMI !Marque !Country |- |1G1||rowspan=59|Chevrolet||United States |- |1G8||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GA||United States (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |1GB||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GC||United States (truck) |- |1GN||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1HA||United States (Express incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1HT||United States ([[w:Chevrolet Silverado#Medium duty version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD,_and_International_CV)|Silverado Medium Duty]] incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |1Y1||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1998-2011) |- |2G1||Canada |- |2G5||Canada (truck - Chevrolet BrightDrop '25) |- |2G8||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GA||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats]) |- |2GB||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GC||Canada (truck - includes Chevrolet BrightDrop '26) |- |2GN||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |3G1||Mexico |- |3GC||Mexico (truck) |- |3GN||Mexico (MPV) |- |3N6||Mexico (Truck - City Express made by Nissan) |- |4G1||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |4KB||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4W1||United States (MPV - Chevrolet Suburban HD made for US govt. in Concord, NC, GM Defense ISV) |- |54D||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Spartan Motors/The Shyft Group) |- |6G1||Australia (2011-2013 Caprice PPV [N. America], 2000-2013 Middle East mkt. Caprice, 2000-2011 Middle East mkt. Lumina,<br> South African mkt. Lumina, Brazilian mkt. Omega made by Holden) |- |6G3||Australia (2014-2017 Caprice PPV & SS performance sedan [N. America], 2014-2017 Middle East mkt. Caprice made by Holden) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |J81||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |J8B||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |J8Z||Japan (LUV pickup made by Isuzu) |- |JAL||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - 2016+) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL1||South Korea (car) |- |KL7||South Korea (MPV - 2012+) |- |KL8||South Korea (Spark) |- |KLA||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet made in Bupyeong & Kunsan plants & '24+ Trax made in Changwon plant) |- |KLY||South Korea (Korean mkt. Chevrolet Spark made in Changwon plant) |- |LSF||China (S-10 Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LSG||China (made by SAIC-GM) |- |LSH||China (Express Max made by SAIC-Maxus - Mexico only) |- |LZW||China (made by SAIC-GM-Wuling) |- |MA6||India |- |MJB||Indonesia (GM Indonesia) |- |MK3||Indonesia (SGMW Motor Indonesia) |- |MMM||Thailand |- |XUF||Russia (GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XUU||Russia (Chevrolet Korea models made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |XWB||Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan, UzAuto Motors) |- |XWF||Russia (Chevrolet Tahoe & Trailblazer [GMT360] made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |X9L||Russia (GM-AvtoVAZ) [Chevrolet Niva & Viva] |- |8AG||Argentina |- |8GG||Chile |- |8LD||Ecuador |- |8Z1||Venezuela |- |9BG||Brazil |- |93C||Brazil (pickups & SUVs made in Brazil for export to Mexico) |- |9GC||Colombia |- |J81||rowspan=6|Geo||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG1||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |JGC||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki) |- |1Y1||United States (car made by NUMMI) |- |2C1||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CN||Canada (SUV made by CAMI - 1990-1997) |- |KLA||rowspan=4|GM Daewoo/<br />GM Korea||South Korea (Bupyeong & Kunsan plants) |- |KLY||South Korea (Changwon plant) |- |5GD||United States (G2X) |- |6G1||Australia (Statesman & Veritas made by Holden) |- |1G2||rowspan=12|Pontiac||United States |- |1G5||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '89-'90 Turbo Grand Prix by ASC/McLaren & '03-'05 Montana Mobility, '06 Montana SV6 Mobility) |- |1GM||United States (MPV) |- |2CK||Canada (2006-2009 Torrent made by CAMI) |- |2G2||Canada |- |2G7||Canada (US market 1983 Pontiac Parisienne) |- |3G2||Mexico |- |3G7||Mexico (MPV: 2001-2005 Aztek) |- |4G2||United States (made by Genasys L.C.) |- |5Y2||United States (made by NUMMI) |- |6G2||Australia ('04-'06 GTO & '08-'09 G8 made by Holden) |- |KL2||South Korea (made by Daewoo/GM Daewoo) |- |1G7||rowspan=6|Pontiac<br />(Canada only)||United States |- |2C7||Canada (car made by CAMI) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |2G7||Canada |- |J87||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |JG7||Japan (car made by Suzuki) |- |KL7||Passport<br />(Canada only)||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |J87||rowspan=3|Asüna<br />(Canada only)||Japan (car made by Isuzu) |- |KL7||South Korea (car made by Daewoo) |- |2CG||Canada (SUV made by CAMI) |- |1G3||rowspan=3|Oldsmobile||United States |- |1GH||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |2G3||Canada |- |1G4||rowspan=9|Buick||United States |- |2G4||Canada |- |3G4||Mexico |- |3G5||Mexico (MPV) |- |4GL||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '88-'96 full-size wagons used for conversion & '05-'07 Terraza Mobility) |- |5GA||United States (MPV) |- |KL4||South Korea (MPV) |- |LRB||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W04||Germany (Early 2011, 2018-2020 Regal) & Poland (Cascada) |- |KLA||Alpheon||South Korea (2011-2015) |- |1G6||rowspan=10|Cadillac||United States |- |1GE||United States (incomplete vehicle - for '81-'84 Fleetwood [Rwd], '85-'92 Fleetwood [Fwd], '93 Sixty Special [Fwd], '93-'96 Fleetwood [Rwd], '97-'05 DeVille, '06-'11 DTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |1GY||United States (SUV) |- |2G6||Canada |- |2GE||Canada (incomplete vehicle - for '13-'19 XTS used for conversion to limousine or hearse) |- |3GY||Mexico (SUV) |- |LRE||China (SAIC-GM) |- |W06||Germany (Catera) |- |XWF||Russia (made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |YSC||Sweden (BLS) |- |1G8||rowspan=4|Saturn||United States |- |3GS||Mexico (SUV) |- |5GZ||United States (MPV/SUV) |- |W08||Belgium (Astra) |- |1G0||rowspan=22|GMC||United States (bus 1981-1986) |- |1G5||United States (MPV 1981-1986) |- |1GD||United States (incomplete vehicle) |- |1GJ||United States (bus 1987-) |- |1GK||United States (MPV 1987-) |- |1GT||United States (truck) |- |2CK||Canada (1990-1991 Tracker made by CAMI - Canada only) |- |2CT||Canada (2010-2011 Terrain made by CAMI) |- |2G0||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1981-1986) |- |2G5||Canada (MPV 1981-1986) |- |2GD||Canada (incomplete vehicle) |- |2GH||Canada (transit bus) |- |2GJ||Canada (bus [van with more than 3 rows of seats] 1987-) |- |2GK||Canada (MPV 1987-) |- |2GT||Canada (truck) |- |3GK||Mexico (SUV) |- |3GT||Mexico (truck) |- |4KD||United States (W-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |7GZ||United States (incomplete vehicle made by Navistar/International Motors) |- |J8D||Japan (incomplete vehicle made by Isuzu - through 2009) |- |JGT||Japan (SUV made by Suzuki - Canada only) |- |KL6||South Korea (Middle East market Terrain '08-'10) |- |4GD||WhiteGMC||United States (1988-1989 Brigadier made by GM) |- |137||rowspan=6|Hummer||United States (H1 made by AM General) |- |5GN||United States (H3T) |- |5GR||United States (H2 made by AM General) |- |5GT||United States (H3) |- |ADM||South Africa (H3) |- |XWF||Russia (H2 & H3 made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |4G5||General Motors||United States (EV1) |- |2G5||rowspan=2|BrightDrop||Canada (Truck 2023-2024) |- |5G5||United States (Truck made by Kuka AG - 2022 only) |- |5G2||rowspan=2|Cruise||United States (car) (Cruise AV) |- |5G3||United States (MPV) (Cruise Origin AV) |- |YS3||rowspan=4|Saab||Sweden |- |JF4||Japan (9-2X made by Subaru) |- |3G0||Mexico (9-4X) |- |5S3||United States (9-7X) |- |W0L||rowspan=19|Opel/Vauxhall||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018 and later) & Opel Ampera-e Mid-2017 - 2019 |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0L||when plant code is 0: South Korea (Antara) or B: South Korea (Antara, Mokka A, Mokka X [A]) |- |W0L||when plant code is C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |W0V||when plant code is B: South Korea (Mokka X [A]) or C: South Korea (Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva) |- |SCC||UK (Opel Lotus Omega made by Lotus) |- |SED||UK (made by IBC Vehicles) |- |TW8||Portugal |- |VF1||France (Arena made by Renault) |- |VN1||France (Movano A made by Renault at SOVAB plant in Batilly, France) |- |VSX||Spain |- |XUF||Russia (Opel made by GM Russia - St. Petersburg plant) |- |XWF||Russia (Opel made by Avtotor in Kaliningrad) |- |1G0||United States (Opel GT, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Opel Ampera-e Early - Mid-2017) |- |4GD||United States (Sintra) |- |ADM||South Africa |- |JAA||Japan (Opel Campo made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |SKA||rowspan=4|Vauxhall Motors||UK |- |SCC||UK (Vauxhall Lotus Carlton made by Lotus) |- |6G1||Australia (Vauxhall Monaro & VXR8 made by Holden) |- |JAA||Japan (Vauxhall Brava made by Isuzu) |- |SKF||rowspan=2|Bedford Vehicles||UK |- |JAA||Japan (Bedford Brava made by Isuzu) |- |6G1||rowspan=18|Holden||Australia (2003-2017) |- |6H8||Australia (1989-2002) |- |JAA||Japan (Rodeo pickup [TF] made by Isuzu) |- |JAC||Japan (Jackaroo/Monterey made by Isuzu) |- |JSA||Japan (YG Cruze made by Suzuki) |- |KL3||South Korea |- |MMM||Thailand ('09-'11 Colorado pickup [RC] made by GM Thailand) |- |MMU||Thailand ('13-'20 Colorado pickup [RG], '13-'16 Colorado 7, '17-'20 Trailblazer made by GM Thailand) |- |MPA||Thailand ('04-'08 Rodeo pickup [RA] made by Isuzu Thailand) |- |SED||UK (1st gen. Frontera made by IBC Vehicles) |- |W0L||Germany & the rest of Europe (2017 and earlier) |- |W0L||when plant code is H: Thailand (Zafira A) |- |W0V||Germany & the rest of Europe (2018-2020) |- |1GH||United States (Acadia) |- |3G0||Mexico (Equinox) |- |3GM||Mexico (Suburban) |- |4S2||United States (2nd gen. Frontera made by [[w:Subaru Isuzu Automotive|SIA]]) |- |5G8||United States (Volt) |- |1GG||rowspan=4|Isuzu||United States (Truck - Hombre & i-Series made by GM) |- |4GT||United States (H-Series & T-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4KL||United States (N-Series incomplete vehicle made by GM - through 2009) |- |4NU||United States (MPV/SUV - Ascender made by GM) |- |W0L||Subaru||Thailand [plant code H] (Traviq made by GM Thailand for export to Japan) |- |4G3||Toyota||United States (Cavalier made by GM for export to Japan) |- |3GP||Honda||Mexico (MPV/SUV: 2024-2026 Prologue made by GM) |- |4W5||Acura||United States (MPV/SUV: 2024 ZDX EV made by GM) |} {{BookCat}} eu5mkgznsyejpjsjcqne1umtriyi22g 0 142015 4673536 4669329 2026-10-01T20:12:13Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade */ 4673536 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- --> {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} For Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA, '19-'20 Toyota Yaris sedan, & '20 Toyota Yaris hatchback, see the Mazda VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Mazda/VIN Codes]]. For Scion FR-S/Toyota 86/Toyota GR86, see the Subaru VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Subaru/VIN Codes]]. ==VIN Format 2010-== Toyota has used the following VIN format since 2010 for North America: {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade]] |- |4 |K |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 2010-|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series|Series]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series & Drive Wheels|Series & Drive Wheels]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line & Make|Vehicle Line & Make]] |- |8 |A ||[[#Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style|Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Yaris ['10-'12], Corolla ['10-'19], Camry ['10-'19], Avalon ['10-'19], Mirai ['16-'20], Lexus HS ['10-'12], ES ['10-'19], IS ['10-'19],<br> GS ['10-'11, '13-'19], GS F ['16-'20], LS ['10-'19]) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus IS250 AWD '10-'15, IS300 AWD '16-'19, IS350 AWD '11-'19, GS350 AWD '10-'11, '13-'19, LS460 AWD '10-'17, LS500 AWD '18-'19, LS500h AWD '18-'19) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Scion tC '10) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD (Lexus LS460L AWD '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'16) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD (Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C/IS350C '10-'15) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD (Lexus LS460L '10-'17) |- |H |2DR Coupe 2WD (Lexus LFA '12, RC200t '16-'17, RC300 RWD '18-'19, RC350 '15-'19, RC F '15-'19, LC500 '18-'19, LC500h '18-'19) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris 3-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Scion tC '11-'16, Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13) |- |K |5DR Liftback or Hatchback 2WD (Yaris 5-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Lexus CT200h '11-'17, Prius C '12-'19, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Corolla Hatchback '19) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD (Prius '10-'22, Scion xD '10-'14, C-HR '18-'22) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension (Matrix Base model & S 2wd '10-'11, Matrix L & S 2wd '12-'13, Canada: Matrix '14) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD (Prius AWD-e '19-'22) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD w/IRS (Matrix S 4wd '10-'13) |- |M |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS (Matrix XRS - US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) |- |S |2DR Coupe 4WD (Lexus RC300 AWD '16-'19, RC350 AWD '15-'19) |- |U |5DR Wagon 4WD (Lexus UX250h '19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus UX200 '19) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Prius V 2012-2017 & 2018 in Canada) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |4DR Sedan (Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26) |- |A |5DR Hatchback (GR Corolla '23-'26, Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24, Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26) |- |A |Wagon (Crown Signia '25-'26) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES '26-) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Camry '25-'26) |- |Y |Wagon (Lexus UX300h 2wd '25-'26) |- |U |Wagon (Lexus UX300h Awd '25-'26) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'19, NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19,<br> NX300h '15-'19) |- |C |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '16-'21) |- |D |5DR Wagon extended length 4WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19, RX450hL '18-'19) |- |G |5DR Wagon extended length 2WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'15, Lexus LX570 '10-'11, '13-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19, NX300h '15-'16) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Scion xB '10-'15, Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'16) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |5DR Wagon (Toyota Venza '21-'24, Sequoia '23-'26, bZ4X '23-'25, Grand Highlander '24-'26, Land Cruiser '24-'26, C-HR EV '26-, Subaru Solterra '23-'25, Uncharted '26-, Lexus RZ450e '23-'25, RZ300e '24-'25, TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26, TX550h+ '24-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Toyota bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Solterra '26-, Trailseeker '26-, Lexus RZ450e '26-, RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26-) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Canadian-built Lexus RX350 [2wd/Awd] '23-'26, RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Japanese-built Lexus RX350 [2wd] '23-'26, RX450h+ '24-'26) |- |V |5DR Wagon (4Runner '25-'26) |- |6 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Hybrid '26-) |- |7 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid '26-) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |J |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |J |Tacoma XtraCab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |K |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2020- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |D |4DR Sedan (Corolla L '20-'22) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '20-'22, LE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |V |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Convenience Package '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Premium Package '20-'22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Corolla XLE '20-'22) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '23-'26, SE Nightshade '24, FX Edition '25, LE Hybrid '23-'26, XLE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Nightshade Hybrid '24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/man. trans. '20-'22, SE Apex Edition w/man. trans. '21-'22) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, SE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |P |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. & Premium Package '20-'26) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Corolla XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, XSE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/auto. trans. '20-'27, FX Edition '26) |- |A |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |C |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'27) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Camry L '20) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Camry LE '20-'24) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |R |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Camry XLE '20-'24) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Camry SE '20-'24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Camry TRD '20) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Camry XSE '20-'24, Camry TRD '21-'24) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE '20-'22, XLE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE [decontent package] '20-'22, XLE Hybrid [decontent package] '20-'22) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD '21) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD [decontent package] '21) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Avalon XSE '20, XSE Nightshade '21, XSE Hybrid '20-'21, XSE Nightshade Hybrid '22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Avalon TRD '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited '20-'22, Limited Hybrid '20-'22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22, Limited Hybrid w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD '21) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD w/Advanced Safety Package '21) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model], ES300h [base model] '20-'25, ES250 AWD [base model] '21-'24) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model w/Premium Package], ES300h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> ES250 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '21-'25, ES350, ES300h, ES250 AWD F Sport Design '23-'25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport '20-'22, ES250 AWD F Sport '21-'22, ES300h F Sport '22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport Black Line Special Edition '21) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling package '22, ES350 F Sport Handling '23-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Luxury, ES300h Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Luxury '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Ultra Luxury, ES300h Ultra Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '22-'25, ES300h F Sport Handling '23-25) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, IS300 AWD [base model] '20-'25, IS350 [base model] '20,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance [base model & Premium] '22-'25) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25 |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25,<br> IS350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 AWD [base model w/Luxury Package or Ultra-Luxury Package] Canada: '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS300 AWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS350 F Sport Design '23-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance Ultimate Edition '25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS300 AWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS350 F Sport '20-'26) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling Package '22) |- |U |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS500 F Sport Performance Launch Edition '22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 AWD [base model] '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 RWD [base model], GS350 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport Black Line '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model] '20-'25, LS500 Heritage Edition '26, LS500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'25, LS500 Inspiration Edition '20, LS500h [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'21,<br> LS500h '22-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Executive Package] '20-'25, LS500h [base model w/Executive Package] '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 F Sport '20-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model] '20-25, RC350 [base model] '20-'25, RC F [base model] '20-'24) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> RC350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC F [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'24) |- |G |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD F Sport '20-'25, RC300 AWD F Sport '20-'25, RC350 F Sport '20-'25) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F [base model w/Performance Package] '20, [base model w/Carbon Package] '21-'24) |- |Y |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Track Edition '20, RC F Fuji Speedway Edition '21-'22, RC F Track Edition '23-'24) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Final Edition '25) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model] '20-'21, LC500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |E |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21, LC500h [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26, LC500h [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'26, LC500h [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'25) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500 [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'26,<br> LC500h [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500h [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'25) |- |C |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Inspiration Edition '20-'22, '24, '26) |- |L |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Bespoke Build '22-'26, LC500h Bespoke Build '22-'25) |- |J |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model] '21) |- |K |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model w/Touring Package] '21) |- |M |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26) |- |G |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Inspiration Edition '21-'22, '24, '26) |- |N |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Bespoke Build - Canada only: '22-'23, US & Canada: '24-'26) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model] '20-'22, UX250h [base model] '20-'24) |- |P |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h Premium '23-'24) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 Luxury '20-'22, UX250h Luxury '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport '20-'22, UX250h F Sport '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX250h F Sport Design '23-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport Handling '23-'24) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sienna [base model V6] '11-'12, Sienna L '13-'20) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sequoia TRD Pro '20, Lexus GX460 [base model] '10-'19) |- |W |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |R |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |X |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '11-'20, SE Premium '15-'20) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '19-'20, SE Premium '19-'20) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20, Sienna CE, LE '10,<br> Sienna [base model I4] '11-'12, Sienna LE '11-'20) |- |N |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 SE '16-'18) |- |J |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, RAV4 SE '16-'18, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20,<br> Sienna LE '10-'20, Lexus GX460 Premium '10-'13, GX460 Luxury '14-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19,<br> Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19, Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |D |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19, Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19,<br> Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- | |'''Body Type & Grade''' |- |K |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE '21-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE '21-'26) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '23-'26, Sienna XSE 25th Anniversary Edition '23, Sienna XSE w/Premium Package '25) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE '21-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Sienna Limited '21-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sienna Platinum '21-'26) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross L '22-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE '22-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE w/Moonroof Package '22-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE w/Convenience Package '22-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross Hybrid S, SE, XSE '23-'26, Hybrid SE Nightshade '24-'25) |- |H |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd '19-'25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd '19-'25) |- |G |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |L |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |M |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |W |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 2wd '19-'25) |- |P |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 4wd '19-'25) |- |R |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |U |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Woodland Edition Hybrid 4wd '23-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 2wd '19-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 4wd '19-'25) |- |B |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium Hybrid 4wd '21-'25) |- |J |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Adventure 4wd '19-'24, RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '20) |- |S |5DR Wagon (RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |T |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [US- & Canadian-built] |- |1 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [Japanese-built] |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XSE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 2wd '19-'25) |- |N |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 4wd '19-'25) |- |D |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE 4wd '25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '25) |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE 4wd '25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Highlander L 2wd & Awd '20-'22) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE 2wd '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE Awd '20-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, Hybrid XLE '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE w/Navigation, Hybrid XLE w/Navigation '20-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Bronze Edition '22-'23) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited, Hybrid Limited 2wd '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited Awd '20-'22, Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'21) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid Platinum 2wd '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '20-'22) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE '21-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE w/Navigation & JBL Audio '21-'22) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander L, LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE 2wd & Awd '23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid LE Nightshade, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade 2wd & Awd '24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade, Hybrid Limited 25th Anniversary Edition Awd '25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum Awd, Hybrid XLE Awd '26) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE 2wd '23-'24) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE Awd '23-'24) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited 2wd '23-'24) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '23-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum 2wd '23-'24) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '23-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 2wd '21-'24) |- |M |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 4wd '21-'24) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |B |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '22) |- |T |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 2wd '22-'24) |- |S |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 4wd '22-'24) |- |F |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 2wd '21-'24) |- |N |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |U |5DR Wagon (4Runner 40th Anniversary Special Edition 4wd '23) |- |P |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |H |5DR Wagon (4Runner Venture Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |D |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 2wd '21-'24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 4wd '21-'24) |- |C |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |J |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |L |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Pro 4wd '21-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sequoia SR5 '21-'22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Sport '21-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Limited '21-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Nightshade Special Edition '21-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Platinum '21-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Pro '21-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model] '20-'21, NX300h [base model] '20-'21, NX250 [base model] '22-'25, NX350 [base model] '22-'26,<br> NX350h [base model] '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Comfort package] '20, NX300h [base model w/Comfort package] '20) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21, NX300h [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX300h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX250 Premium '22-'25, NX350 Premium '22-'26, NX350h Premium '22-'26) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 Luxury '20-'21, NX300h Luxury '20-'21, NX250 Luxury '22-'23, NX350 Luxury '22-'26, NX350h Luxury '22-'26, NX450h+ [base model] '22-'25, NX450h+ Premium '26-, NX450h+ Luxury '26-) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport '20-'21) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport w/Comfort package '20, NX300 F Sport w/Premium package '21, NX300h F Sport Black Line '21) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350 F Sport Handling '22-'26, NX450h+ F Sport Handling '22-'26, Canadian-built NX350h '26-) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350h [Japanese-built] '26-) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model] '20-'22, RX350L [base model] '20-'22, RX450h [base model] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model] '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22,<br> RX450h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450h [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport '20-'22, RX450h F Sport '20-'22) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX450h F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX350 F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22, RX450h F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model] '20-'23) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'23) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 Luxury '20-'23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '23) |- |V |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Luxury/Luxury+] '24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |- |T |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Premium/Premium+, Overtrail/Overtrail+] '24-'26) [Class F GVWR] |- |C |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model] '20-'21) |- |D |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |E |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model] '20-'21) |- |F |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |N |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 [2-row base model] '22-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Premium [3-row] '22-'26) |- |M |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 F Sport [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h F Sport [3-row] '25-'26) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Luxury [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h Luxury [3-row] '25-'26) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury [2-row] '22-'24) |- |W |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Overtrail [2/3-row] '25-'26) |- |U |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Ultra Luxury [2-row] '25-'26) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |R |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport Access Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |S |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |A |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('17-'23) |- |E |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |G |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |B |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |D |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd (Canada only: '16-'17) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('21-'23) |- |} LWB=Long Wheelbase {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |J |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |K |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |L |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |M |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |R |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |U |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |T |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |C |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |E |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |D |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |N |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'17) |- |P |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'17) |- |R |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '20-'21) |- |T |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |C |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |E |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra TRD Pro CrewMax LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '19-'21) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |G |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |A |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Grade=== {{center|'''Position 4 (2022- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |K |Tundra SR ('22-'26) |- |L |Tundra SR5 ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |J |Tundra Limited ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |1 |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) ('25-'26) |- |N |Tundra Platinum ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |M |Tundra 1794 Edition ('22-'26) |- |P |Tundra TRD Pro ('22-'26) |- |V |Tundra Capstone ('22-'26) |- |W |Tundra Limited w/Nightshade Package or TRD Off-Road Package, Platinum w/TRD Off-Road Package ('24-'26), SR5 w/TRD Rally Package ('25-'26) |- |Z |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) w/Nightshade Package ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type 2010-=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Highlander ('10-'19), Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 8AR-FTS engine.<br> Lexus NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21), IS200t ('16-'17), IS300 RWD ('18-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine. Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius (Two Eco, Three, Three Touring, Four, Four Touring trim levels) ('16-'18), Prius 2wd ('19-'22),<br> Corolla Hybrid ('21-'22). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 2 Front motors: 1NM (MG2), 1SM (MG1).<br> Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('20-'24). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Avalon Hybrid ('21-'22), Lexus ES300h ('21-'25). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Venza Hybrid ('21-'24). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Toyota Tundra SR5, Limited, Platinum, 1794 Edition ('22-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown XLE, Limited Hybrid Awd ('23-'26), Crown Nightshade Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26), Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26), Lexus TX350 ('24-'26),<br> 4Runner ('25-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) +<br> 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid 2wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('10-'11), Lexus HS250h ('10-'12). |- | B || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('10-'15). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius (Two trim level: '16-'18), (One trim level: '17-'18), Corolla Hybrid ('20). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('20-'26), Lexus RX350h Awd ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (205 hp).<br> Toyota Avalon Awd ('21). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) (detuned version - 348 or 358 hp). Toyota Tundra SR ('22-'26). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LX600 ('22-'26), GX550 ('24-'25). |- | B || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [Japanese-built] ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla [Japanese-built] ('26-). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus TX500h Awd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26), 4Runner i-Force Max 4wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (278 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR5, TRD PreRunner, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, & Limited w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h 2wd ('25-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h Awd ('10-'15), Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('11-'16). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('10-'11). |- | C || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tundra i-Force Max ('22-'26). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Hybrid 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX500h Awd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus TX550h+ Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [326 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, & TRD Pro] ('24). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown Signia Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [Total system hp: 323 hp on Trailhunter or 326 hp on all others]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, & TRD Pro] ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h 2wd ('26-). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus CT200h ('11-'17). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('12-'17), Avalon Hybrid ('13-'18). |- | D || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 1LM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius C ('12-'19). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp).<br> Lexus NX250 ('22-'25). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Corolla Hybrid Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine. Toyota Highlander ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Max Awd ('24-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (228 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | D || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LX700h ('25-'26). |- | D || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [UK-built] ('26-). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2wd ('26-). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla XRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12), Matrix S, XRS ('10-'13),<br> Scion tC ('10), Scion xB ('10-'15). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('10-'17), IS350C ('10-'15),<br> GS350 ('10-'11, '13-'15), RC350 ('15-'17). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (270 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR, TRD Sport, & TRD Off-Road w/man. trans. ('24-'26). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 2VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Fwd ('26-). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('10-'17), Scion tC ('11-'16), RAV4 ('10-'18). |- | F || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('10-'15), IS250C ('10-'15). |- | F || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('16). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Crown Platinum Hybrid Max Awd ('23-'26). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor) [323 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [Trailhunter] ('24). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus RX450h Awd ('16-'22), RX450hL Awd ('18-'22). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('17-'19). |- | G || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus NX350 ('22-'26). |- | G || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Awd ('26-). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 3ZR-FAE engine. Toyota C-HR ('18-'22). |- | H || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26). |- | J || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1NR-FE engine. Scion iQ ('12-'15). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus NX300h Awd ('15-'21), RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('16-'18). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('10-'18), Camry V6 ('10-'17), Highlander ('10-'16),<br> RAV4 ('10-'12), Sienna ('10-'16), Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), RX350 ('10-'15). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h Awd ('22-'26). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX450h+ Awd ('22-'26). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('10-'17), GS460 ('10-'11). |- | M || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12), Tundra ('10-'19), Lexus GX460 ('10-'23). |- | M || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine (detuned version - 255 hp).<br> Lexus IS300 AWD ('16-'17), RC300 AWD ('16-'17). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('10-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 5JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus SC430 ('10). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('10-'14), RC F ('15-'25), GS F ('16-'20), LC500 ('18-'26),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25). |- | P || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine.<br> Toyota Corolla sedan LE Eco ('14-'19), Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22). |- | R || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Sienna Hybrid 2wd ('21-'26). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('13-'18). |- | S || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sienna Hybrid Awd ('21-'26). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Tacoma ('10-'15), Tundra ('10). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24), FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Tundra ('11-'14). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Toyota Corolla sedan [except XRS & LE Eco] ('10-'19),<br> Matrix [base model] ('10-'13 & in Canada '14), Scion xD ('10-'14). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('10). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'18), Tundra ('10-'19). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus ES300h ('13-'18), NX300h 2wd ('15-'16). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Hybrid [all] ('19-'20), RAV4 Hybrid LE, XLE ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid Woodland Edition ('23-'25). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('10-'23), 4Runner 2wd ('10). |- | X || 4.8L || 72° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Engine co-developed by Yamaha. Toyota 1LR-GUE engine. Lexus LFA ('12). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22), Tundra ('10-'21),<br> Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21), Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21). |- | Y || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles.<br> Toyota 8GR-FXS engine + 2NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LC500h ('18-'25), LS500h ('18-'25). |- | Z || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine.<br> Lexus GS350 ('16-'20), RX350 ('16-'22), RX350L ('18-'22), IS350 ('18-'26), RC350 ('18-'25), ES350 ('19-'25),<br> Toyota Tacoma ('16-'23), Highlander ('17-'22), Sienna ('17-'20), Camry ('18-'24), Avalon ('19-'22). |- | 1 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp or <br> 202 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (L, LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('18-'20),<br> Camry (LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('21-'24), RAV4 ('19-'25), Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25). |- | 2 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (SE, XLE trim levels) ('18-'19),<br> Avalon Hybrid ('19-'20), Lexus ES300h ('19-'20). |- | 3 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (LE trim level) ('18-'19),<br> Camry Hybrid [all models] ('20-'24). |- | 3 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus UX200 2wd ('19-'22). |- | 4 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'22), Corolla sedan ('23-'26). |- | 5 || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LS500 ('18-'26). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (206 hp or <br> 205 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (XSE trim level) ('18-'24). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid XLE Premium, XSE, Limited ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid SE ('22-'25). |- | 6 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h 2wd ('23-'24). |- | 8 || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine (detuned version - 260 hp). Lexus IS300 AWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('18-'25). |- | 9 || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius AWD-e ('19-'22). |- | 9 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h Awd ('19-'24). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 2010-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | L || 41.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || M7M5 motor made by Tesla. Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14). |- | V || 12 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2KM motor. Scion iQ EV ('13). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Toyota bZ4X FWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1XM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota C-HR EV AWD ('26-), Subaru Uncharted Sport, GT AWD ('26-). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1YM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Toyota bZ4X AWD ('23-'25), Subaru Solterra AWD ('23-'25). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Lexus RZ300e FWD ('24-'25). |- | B || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted Premium FWD [Canada: FWD LR] ('26-). |- | C || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted FWD (Canada only: '26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited FWD ('26-), Lexus ES350e ('26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('26-). |- | C || 77 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ550e AWD ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited AWD ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT AWD ('26-),<br> Lexus ES500e ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Lexus RZ350e FWD ('26-). |- | E || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear). Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited AWD ('26-). |- | F || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE FWD ('26-). |- | G || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ Woodland AWD ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker AWD ('26-). |} ====Motor Type for Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | V || 1.6 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Hydrogen || Front || 4JM motor. Toyota Mirai ('16-'20). |- | A || 1.24 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Hydrogen || Rear || 3KM motor. Toyota Mirai ('21-'26). |} ===Restraint System=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description !Application |- |1 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus HS250h '10-'12, ES350 '10-'25,<br> ES250 AWD '21-'25, ES300h '13-'25,<br> ES350h '26-, ES350e '26-, ES500e '26-,<br> GS200t '16-'17, GS300 '18-'19,<br> GS350 '10-'11, '13-'20, GS460 '10-'11,<br> GS450h '10-'11, '13-'18, GS F '16-'20,<br> LS460 '10-'17 (Opt.), LS600hL '10-'12 (Opt.), LS600hL '13-'16, LS500 '18-'26, LS500h '18-'21,<br> RX350 '10-'15, RX450h '10-'15, IS250 '14-'15,<br> IS200t '16-'17, IS300 RWD '18-'25,<br> IS300 AWD '16-'25, IS350 '14-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance '22-'25,<br> Camry '12-'24, Avalon '13-'22 |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C, IS350C '10-'15 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '10-'12, Camry '10-'11, Prius '10-'15,<br> Prius V '12-'17 & '18 in Canada,<br> Scion tC '10,<br> Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada,<br> Highlander '10-'13, Sienna '11-'14 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag (Though not reflected in the VIN, a Front passenger seat cushion airbag is also standard.) |Sienna '15-'20 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 Prime '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '25 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for all rows |Corolla '10-'13,<br> Matrix '10-'13 & in Canada '14,<br> Yaris hatchback '10-'11, Yaris sedan '10-'12,<br> Scion xD '10-'12, Scion xB '10-'15,<br> Sienna '10, FJ Cruiser '10-'14,<br> Tacoma '10-'15 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for 1st 2 rows |RAV4 '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |4Runner '10-'26, Sequoia '10-'22,<br> Tundra '10-'26, Scion tC '11-'16,<br> Tacoma '16-'23, Tacoma Double Cab '24-'26,<br> Lexus LS460 '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'12, IS250/IS350 '10-'13, IS F '10-'14,<br> CT200h '11-'17, RC200t '16-'17,<br> RC300 RWD '18-'25, RC300 AWD '16-'25,<br> RC350 '15-'25, RC F '15-'25,<br> LC500 coupe '18-'26, LC500h '18-'25 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'21,<br> Lexus GX460 '10-'23, LX570 '10-'11, '13-'21, LX600 '22-'26, LX700h '25-'26 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Lexus LFA '12 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26, Camry '25-'26,<br> Crown Signia '25-'26, Sequoia '23-'26,<br> bZ4X '23-'25, bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-,<br> C-HR EV '26-,<br> Subaru Solterra '23-'26, Trailseeker '26-, Uncharted '26-,<br> Lexus RZ450e '23-'26, RZ300e '24-'25,<br> RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26- |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LC500 convertible '21-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Venza '21-'24, Grand Highlander '24-'26,<br> Lexus TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26,<br> TX550h+ '24-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Corolla Cross '22-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury '22-'24,<br> LX700h Ultra Luxury '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla '23-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24,<br> Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Tacoma XtraCab '24-'26 |- |B |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla Morizo Edition '23, GRMN Corolla '26- |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus NX250 '22-'25, NX350 '22-'26,<br> NX350h '22-'26, NX450h+ '22-'26 |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus GX550 '24-'25 |- |F |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Land Cruiser '24-'26 |- |J |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus UX200 '19-'22, UX250h '19-'24,<br> UX300h '25-'26 |- |K |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350L '18-'22, RX450hL '18-'22,<br> Sienna '21-'26 |- |L |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LS500 '18-'25 (Opt.), LS500h '18-'21 (Opt.), LS500h '22-'25 |- |M |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350 '16-'26, RX450h '16-'22,<br> RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26,<br> RX450h+ '24-'26, C-HR '18-'22, Corolla '21-'27, Prius '21-'22, Prius Prime '21-'22 |- |P |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Scion xD '13-'14 |- |R |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 '13-'25, RAV4 Hybrid '16-'26,<br> RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '26-,<br> Corolla '14-'20, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Highlander '14-'26, Prius '16-'20,<br> Prius Prime '17-'20, Mirai '16-'20,<br> Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'21,<br> NX300h '15-'21 |- |T |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Prius C '12-'19 |- |U |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Yaris hatchback '12-'18 & '19 in Canada |- |X |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags, and Rear Window airbag |Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13 |- |} ===Series=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Lexus LC500 ('18-'26) URZ100L, LC500h ('18-'25) GWZ100L |- |B |Scion TC ('10) ANT10L |- |B |Scion XD ('10-'14) ZSP110L |- |B |Lexus HS250h ('10-'12) ANF10L |- |B |Lexus CT200h ('11-'17) ZWA10L |- |B |Lexus LFA ('12) LFA10L |- |B |Scion iQ ('12-'15) NGJ10L, Scion iQ EV ('13) KPJ10L |- |B |Toyota Prius C ('12-'19) NHP10L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('13-'15) GRL10L, GS350 4wd ('13-'15) GRL15L |- |B |Lexus GS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & GS300 2wd ('18-'19) ARL10L, GS350 2wd ('16-'19) GRL12L, GS350 4wd ('16-'19) GRL16L, GS F ('16-'20) URL10L |- |B |Lexus GS450h ('13-'18) GWL10L |- |B |Lexus RC350 2wd ('15-'19) GSC10L, RC350 4wd ('15-'19) GSC15L, RC F ('15-'25) USC10L |- |B |Lexus RC200t 2wd ('16-'17) & RC300 2wd ('18-'19) ASC10L, RC300 4wd ('16-'19) GSC16L |- |B |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) JPD10L |- |B |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) ZGX10L |- |B |Toyota Corolla hatchback ('19-'27) MZEA12L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25) GSZ10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES300h ('19-'20) AXZH10L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Lexus UX200 ('19-'22) MZAA10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('23-'24) MZAH10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('19-'24) MZAH15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus IS250 2wd ('10-'13) GSE20L, IS250 4wd ('10-'13) GSE25L, IS350 2wd ('10-'13) GSE21L, IS350 4wd ('11-'13) GSE26L, IS F ('10-'14) USE20L |- |C |Lexus IS250C ('10-'15) GSE20L, IS350C ('10-'15) GSE21L |- |C |Scion TC ('11-'16) AGT20L |- |D |Toyota Avalon ('10-'12) GSX30L |- |D |Toyota Prius ('10-'15) ZVW30L |- |D |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15) ZVW35L |- |D |Toyota Yaris hatchback: NCP131L ('12-'18 & '19 in Canada) |- |D |Lexus IS250 2wd ('14-'15) GSE30L, IS250 4wd ('14-'15) GSE35L |- |D |Lexus IS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & IS300 2wd ('18-'19) ASE30L, IS300 4wd ('16-'19) GSE37L |- |D |Lexus IS350 2wd ('14-'19) GSE31L, IS350 4wd ('14-'19) GSE36L |- |E |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13) ZRE142L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12) AZE141L |- |E |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13 & in Canada '14) ZRE142L,<br> Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('10-'13) AZE141L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('10-'13) AZE144L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) AZE146L |- |E |Toyota Camry ('10-'11) I4: ASV40L, V6: GSV40L, Hybrid: AHV40L |- |E |Lexus ES350 ('10-'12) GSV40L |- |E |Lexus LS460 2wd ('10-'17) USF40L, LS460L 2wd ('10-'17) USF41L, LS460 4wd ('10-'17) USF45L, LS460L 4wd ('10-'17) USF46L |- |E |Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16) UVF46L |- |E |Lexus SC430 ('10) UZZ40L |- |E |Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada) ZVW41L |- |E |Toyota Avalon ('13-'18) V6: GSX40L, Hybrid: AVX40L |- |F |Toyota Camry ('12-'17) I4: ASV50L, V6: GSV50L, Hybrid: AVV50L |- |F |Toyota Prius ('16-'18) ZVW50L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, 2wd), ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd) |- |F |Toyota Prius ('19-'22) ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd), ZVW55L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22) ZVW52L (Lithium-ion Battery, PHEV, 2wd) |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('18-'19) VXFA50L, LS500 4wd ('18-'19) VXFA55L |- |F |Lexus LS500h 2wd ('18-'19) GVF50L, LS500h 4wd ('18-'19) GVF55L |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'22) V6: GSX50L (2wd) |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'20) Hybrid: AXXH50L (2wd) (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('13-'18) GSV60L |- |G |Lexus ES300h ('13-'18) AVV60L |- |H |Toyota Corolla sedan ('14-'19) ZRE172L |- |H |Toyota Camry ('18-'19) I4: AXVA70L, V6: GSV70L, Hybrid: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery), AXVH71L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |J |Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18) ZRE186L |- |K |Toyota Yaris - Hatchback: NCP91L ('10-'11), 4-d sedan: NCP93L ('10-'12) |- |K |Lexus GS350 2wd ('10-'11) GRS191L, GS350 4wd ('10-'11) GRS196L |- |K |Lexus GS460 ('10-'11) URS190L |- |K |Lexus GS450h ('10-'11) GWS191L |- |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ200L |- |A |Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ201L. In '20-'21, also denotes 4wd. |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |B |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('10-'14) GSJ10L (2wd), GSJ15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV10L (2wd), GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('16 [Canada only]) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX350 ('10-'15) GGL10L (2wd), GGL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX450h ('10-'15) GYL10L (2wd), GYL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX200t ('15-'17) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('18-'19) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300h - 2wd: AYZ10L ('15-'16), 4wd: AYZ15L ('15-'19) |- |B |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('16-'23) GRN310L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Sienna ('10) 2wd: GSL20L, 4wd: GSL25L |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) TRN220L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma X-Runner Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13 & '14 in Canada & '14-'15 in HI) GRN225L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Lexus RX350 ('16-'19) GGL20L (2wd), GGL25L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX350L ('18-'19) GGL21L (2wd), GGL26L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX450h - 2wd: GYL20L ('16), 4wd: GYL25L ('16-'19) |- |C |Lexus RX450hL 4wd: GYL26L ('18-'19) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada) I4: ASL30L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'20) V6: GSL30L (2wd), GSL35L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 ('10-'12) I4: ASA38L (2wd), ASA33L (4wd), V6: GSA38L (2wd), GSA33L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14) QEA38L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN330L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('10) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('11-'13) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) TRN240L (I4) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) TRN245L (I4), GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 ('13-'18) I4: ASA42L (2wd), ASA44L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'18) AVA44L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) TRN245L (I4) |- |F |Scion XB ('10-'15) AZE151L |- |F |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('10-'15) GRN250L (V6) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('10-'13) GSK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('14) GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('10) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('11-'13) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('14-'19) UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('10) USK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('11-'17) USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('18-'21) USK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('10) UPK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('11-'19) UPK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('10-'13) USK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('14-'17) USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('18-'21) USK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Lexus GX460 ('10-'19) URJ150L |- |F |Toyota Highlander ('14-'19) I4: ASU50L (2wd), V6: GSU50L (2wd), GSU55L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU58L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 ('19-'25) I4: AXAA52L (2wd), AXAA54L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid: ('19-'25) AXAH54L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd), ('21-'25) AXAL54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24) & RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25) AXAP54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12) 4.6L V8: UPK60L (2wd), UPK65L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('13-'20) 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('10) TRN260L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) TRN265L (I4), GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |H |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN270L (V6) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10) I4: TRN280L (2wd) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24) V6: GRN280L (2wd), GRN285L (4wd) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Series & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22) w/1.8L 2ZR-FAE engine: ZRE212L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 2wd: AXVA70L, V6 2wd: GSV70L, Hybrid 2wd: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Avalon ('21-'22) Hybrid: AXXH51L (2wd) (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) JPD20L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (Japan-built) |- |A |Toyota Crown ('23-'26) 2.5L Hybrid Awd: AZSH35L, 2.4L Turbo Hybrid Max Awd: TZSH35L |- |A |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Crown Signia ('25-'26) AZSH38L, Awd |- |A |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH11L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH21L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350e ('26-) XXZM21L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('20) ZWE211L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 Awd: AXVA75L |- |B |Lexus IS350 2wd ('20-'26) GSE31L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('20) GRL12L |- |B |Lexus RC300 2wd ('20-'25) ASC10L, RC350 2wd ('20-'25) GSC10L |- |B |Toyota Avalon ('21) I4 AWD: AXXA55L |- |B |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH65L, Awd |- |C |Toyota Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'26), FX Edition ('25) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA12L, 2wd |- |C |Lexus GS350 4wd ('20) GRL16L |- |C |Lexus ES300h ('21-'25) AXZH11L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |C |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24) & Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) MXWH61L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXVH80L |- |D |Lexus IS300 2wd ('20-'25) ASE30L, IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25) USE30L, 2wd |- |D |Lexus RC350 Awd ('20-'25) GSC15L |- |D |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('21-'22) ZWE213L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |D |Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25) AXZA15L, Awd |- |D |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (US-built) |- |D |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXVH85L |- |D |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH16L, Awd |- |D |Toyota GR Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (UK-built) |- |D |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH26L, Awd |- |D |Lexus ES500e ('26-) XXZM26L, Awd |- |E |Lexus IS350 Awd ('20-'26) GSE36L |- |E |Lexus RC300 Awd ('20-'25) GSC16L |- |E |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (Japan-built) |- |F |Lexus IS300 Awd ('20-'25) GSE37L |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('20-'25) VXFA50L, LS500h 2wd ('20-'21) GVF50L |- |F |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE219L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |G |Lexus LS500 Awd ('20-'26) VXFA55L, LS500h Awd ('20-'25) GVF55L |- |H |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE215L, Awd (Lithium-ion Battery) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 2wd: GSU70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('23-'25) I4 Turbo 2wd: TXUA70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'24) Hybrid 2wd: AXUH70L |- |A |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL20L (2wd) |- |A |Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) AXUH85L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH80L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |A |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA20L (2wd), NX350h ('26-) AAZH20L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) XEAM10L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus RZ450e ('23-'25) XEBM15L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TASA10L, Hybrid 2wd: AASH10L |- |A |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TJH250L |- |A |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TZNA50L |- |A |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL64L, Awd; RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-) AXAP64L, Awd |- |A |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-), Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 4wd: GSU75L |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('23-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TXUA75L |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus GX460 ('20-'23) URJ150L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK65L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH85L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26) MXGH15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA71L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH71L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |B |Toyota bZ4X (Early '23), Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |B |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e ('24-'25) XEBM10L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo Awd: TASA15L, Hybrid Awd: AASH15L, Hybrid Max Awd: TASH15L |- |B |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA15L (Awd), TX500h ('24-'26) TAUH15L (Awd) |- |B |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TZNA55L, i-Force MAX Hybrid 4wd: TZNH55L |- |B |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL62L, 2wd |- |B |Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM10L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Highlander ('20-'26) Hybrid 4wd: AXUH78L |- |C |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA72L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |C |Lexus LX600 ('22-'26) VJA310L (4wd), LX700h ('25-'26) VJH310L (4wd) |- |C |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA15L (Awd), RX350h ('23-'26) AALH15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus TX550h+ ('24-'26) GYU15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus RZ450e ('26-), RZ550e ('26-) XEBM25L, Awd |- |D |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ15L (Awd), NX300h ('20-'21) AYZ15L (Awd) |- |D |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL25L (Awd), RX450h ('20-'22) GYL25L (Awd) |- |D |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |D |Lexus GX550 ('24-'25) VJA252L, 4wd |- |D |Lexus RZ350e ('26-) XEBM20L, 2wd |- |E |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL21L (2wd) |- |E |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXLH40L |- |E |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA76L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH76L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |E |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA25L (Awd), NX350 ('22-'26) TAZA25L (Awd), NX350h ('22-'26) AAZH25L (Awd) |- |E |Lexus RX500h ('23-'26) TALH17L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota bZ ('26-) XEAM11L, 2wd |- |F |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL26L (Awd), RX450hL ('20-'22) GYL26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXLH45L |- |F |Lexus NX450h+ ('22-'26) AAZH26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5, TRD PreRunner XtraCab 2wd, SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab 2wd: TZNA40L (278 hp) |- |F |Toyota bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT ('26-) XEAM15L, Awd |- |G |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA77L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |G |Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26) AALH16L (Awd) |- |G |Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited ('26-) XEAM18L, Awd |- |H |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 2wd, SR Double Cab 2wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA41L (228 hp) |- |H |Toyota bZ Woodland ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker ('26-) XEAM17L, Awd |- |J |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5 XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/man. trans., SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited Double Cab 4wd: TZNA45L (278 hp w/auto. trans., 270 hp w/man. trans.) |- |K |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA46L (228 hp) |- |L |Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max Hybrid ('24-'26) TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, TRD Pro Double Cab 4wd: TZNH47L (326 total system hp [all except Trailhunter], 323 total system hp on Trailhunter) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Vehicle Line & Make=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Scion iQ, Toyota Scion iQ EV ('13) |- |1 |Toyota Tundra ('10-'21) |- |1 |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22) |- |1 |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25), ES250 AWD ('21-'25), ES300h ('19-'25) |- |1 |Lexus ES350h ('26-), ES350e ('26-), ES550e ('26-) |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS200t, IS300 RWD, IS300 AWD, IS350, IS F, IS 500 F Sport Performance, IS250C, IS350C |- |3 |Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12) |- |3 |Toyota Prius C |- |4 |Toyota Scion xD |- |5 |Toyota Grand Highlander, Grand Highlander Hybrid |- |6 |Lexus TX350, TX500h, TX550h+ |- |7 |Toyota Scion tC |- |A |Lexus HS250h |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350L, RX450h, RX450hL |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350h, RX500h, RX450h+ |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X, Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) |- |B |Toyota Avalon, Avalon Hybrid |- |B |Toyota bZ |- |B |Toyota bZ Woodland |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e, RZ350e, RZ450e, RZ550e |- |C |Toyota Sienna, Sienna Hybrid |- |C |Lexus RC200t, RC300 RWD, RC300 AWD, RC350, RC F |- |C |Subaru Solterra ('26-) |- |C |Subaru Trailseeker |- |D |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) |- |D |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-) |- |E |Toyota Corolla, GR Corolla, GRMN Corolla |- |E |Toyota Scion iM, Corolla iM |- |E |Toyota Matrix |- |E |Toyota Scion xB |- |E |Subaru Uncharted |- |F |Toyota FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |F |Lexus LS500, LS500h |- |F |Toyota Crown ('23-) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), ES300h ('13-'18) |- |G |Toyota Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid |- |H |Toyota Highlander, Highlander Hybrid |- |H |Lexus CT200h |- |H |Lexus LFA |- |H |Lexus UX200, UX250h, UX300h |- |H |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Full-size: '10-'11, '13-'21) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Mid-size: '24-'26) |- |J |Toyota Crown Signia |- |K |Toyota Camry, Camry Hybrid |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS450h ('13-'15) |- |L |Lexus GS200t, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('16-'17) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('18) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS F ('19) |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS F ('20) |- |N |Toyota Tacoma |- |P |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15), Prius Prime ('17-'22) |- |R |Toyota 4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS350, GS460, GS450h ('10-'11) |- |U |Toyota Prius, Prius V |- |U |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |- |V |Toyota RAV4, RAV4 Hybrid, RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26), RAV4 EV |- |X |Lexus GX460, GX550 |- |X |Lexus LX570, LX600, LX700h |- |X |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Y |Lexus LC500, LC500h |- |Z |Lexus NX200t, NX300, NX300h |- |Z |Lexus NX250, NX350, NX350h, NX450h+ |} ===Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2022- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |B |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 5.5 ft. Bed |- |C |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |D |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 8.1 ft. Bed |} ==VIN Format 1996-2009== Toyota has used the following VIN format from 1996-2009 for North America and since 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |5 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |D |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |H |MPV: [[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |Truck: [[#Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System|Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System]] |- |5 |F |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |8 |C ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |S |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo) |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo, Yaris, Corolla, Camry, Avalon, '01-'03 Prius, Lexus ES, IS, GS, LS) |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD ('96-'97 Paseo, '96-'98 Celica, '96 Camry coupe, '99-'08 Camry Solara, '96-'00 Lexus SC300/SC400) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus GS300 AWD '06, GS350 AWD '07-'09, LS460 AWD '09) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD ('96-'05 Celica, '96-'98 Supra, '05-'09 Scion tC) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD ('09 Lexus LS460L AWD, '08-'09 LS600hL) |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD ('96 Corolla wagon, '96 Camry wagon, '02-'05 Lexus IS300 SportCross) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD ('97 Paseo conv., '96-'99 Celica conv., '00-'08 Camry Solara conv., '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '02-'09 Lexus SC430) |- |G |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS ('09 Matrix XRS) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD ('07-'09 Lexus LS460L) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD ('07-'09 Yaris 3-door) |- |K |4DR Hatchback or 5DR Liftback 2WD ('04-'09 Prius, '09 Yaris 5-door) / 5DR Sedan 2WD ('03-'08 Matrix 2wd, Scion xA, xD) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension ('09 Matrix Base model & S 2wd) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD ('03-'06, '09 Matrix 4wd) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 Lexus GX470) |- |D |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'97 Previa, '98-'00 Sienna, '96-'05 RAV4, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '01-'07 Highlander,<br> '96-'02 4Runner) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'97 Previa All-Trac, '96-'05 RAV4, '01-'07 Highlander, '96-'02 4Runner, '96-'09 Land Cruiser, '99-'03 Lexus RX300,<br> '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '96-'97 Lexus LX450, '98-'07 LX470, '08-'09 LX570) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'06, '08-'09 Scion xB) |- |X |2DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Y |2DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD ('98-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia) |- |} ===Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {{center|'''All have hydraulic brakes.'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |Tundra Access Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |D |Tundra Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |E |Tundra Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |G |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |H |Tacoma Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |J |T100 Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98), Tundra Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |R |Tundra Access Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |S |Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('98-'04) |- |T |T100 XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |U |T100 XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |V |Tacoma XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |W |Tacoma XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |L |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |M |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |R |Tundra Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |B |Tundra Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |S |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |C |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |E |Tundra CrewMax LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |D |Tundra CrewMax LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Engine Type 1996-2009=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('96-'97). |- | A || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330 ('04-'06),<br> Camry Solara ('04-'08). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla, Celica ST ('96-'97). |- | B || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 3CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('04-'09). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('07-'09). |- | C || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada), Paseo ('96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('07-'09). |- | D || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 2JZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Supra ('96-'98), Lexus GS300 ('96-'05), SC300 ('96-'00), IS300 ('01-'05). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('01-'07), RAV4 ('04-'08). |- | E || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('96-'98). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('02-'09), Camry Solara ('02-'08), Scion tC ('05-'09),<br> Scion xB ('08-'09), Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS ('09). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('06-'09), GS350 ('07-'09). |- | E || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine. Toyota Venza, Highlander ('09). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('96-'03), Avalon ('96-'99), Sienna ('98-'00),<br> Lexus ES300 ('96-'98), Camry Solara ('99-'03). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry LE V6, XLE V6 ('04-'06), Avalon ('00-'04),<br> Highlander ('01-'03), Sienna ('01-'03), Lexus ES300 ('99-'03), RX300 ('99-'03). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('09). |- | G || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT ('96-'99), Camry ('96-'01), Camry Solara ('99-'01). |- | H || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400, SC400 ('96-'00), GS400 ('98-'00). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1AZ-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03). |- | H || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3GR-FSE engine. Lexus GS300 ('06). |- | J || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX450 ('96-'97). |- | J || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Lexus ES350 ('07-'09). |- | K || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('96-'97). |- | K || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 2CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('01-'03). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('05-'09), RAV4 ('06-'09), Camry V6, Sienna,<br> Lexus RX350 ('07-'09), Venza ('09). |- | K || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('06-'09). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('96-'04). |- | L || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus GS430 ('01-'05). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('07-'09), GS460 ('08-'09). |- | L || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Japanese-built Toyota Corolla ('09). |- | M || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'00), T100 ('96-'98). |- | N || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'02), T100 ('96-'98), Tundra ('00-'04). |- | N || 2.2L || I4 || CNG || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FNE engine. Toyota Camry ('00-'01). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS430 ('01-'06), SC430 ('02-'09), GS430 ('06-'07). |- | P || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('96-'00). |- | P || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('04-'07). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('08-'09). |- | R || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('00 & later). Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('98-'08), Celica GT, MR2 Spyder ('00-'05),<br> Matrix ('03-'08). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('08-'09). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'05), Toyota Tundra ('00-'04),<br> Sequoia ('01-'04), 4Runner, Lexus GX470 ('03-'04). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('06-'07), Toyota 4Runner, Sequoia, Tundra, Lexus GX470 ('05-'09). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Echo ('00-'05), Yaris ('07-'09), Scion xA, xB ('04-'06). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09), Tacoma, Tundra ('05-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Scion xD ('08-'09), US- & Canadian-built Toyota Corolla ('09),<br> Matrix ('09). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09). |- | V || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Tundra ('07-'09). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid ('06-'09), Lexus RX400h ('06-'08). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Tundra ('09). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('05-'09). |- | Y || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVTL-i. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('00-'05), Matrix XRS ('03-'06), Corolla XRS ('05-'06). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia, Land Cruiser, Lexus LX570 ('08-'09). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence, VVTL-i= Variable Valve Timing and Lift w/Intelligence, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 1996-2009==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | S || 27.4 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Electricity || Front || 1BM motor. Toyota RAV4 EV ('98-'03). |} ===Series 1996-2009=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('96-'97): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door ('96-'97) or wagon ('96) w/1.8L engine: AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('96-'97): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('96-'99): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry ('96) I4: SXV'''1'''0L, V6: MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 ('96) MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('96-'99) MCX'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Corolla ('98-'02) ZZE1'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Echo ('00-'05) NCP'''1'''2L |- |1 |Toyota Prius ('01-'03) NHW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) JCE'''1'''0L |- |1 |Scion TC ('05-'09) ANT1'''0'''L |- |1 |Scion XD ('08-'09) ZSP1'''1'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('96-'00) UCF'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Camry ('97-'01) I4: SXV'''2'''0L, V6: MCV'''2'''0L, CNG I4 ('00-'01): SXV'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Camry Solara - 2.2L I4 ('99-'01): SXV'''2'''0L, 2.4L I4 ('02-'03): ACV'''2'''0L, V6 ('99-'03): MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus ES300 ('97-'01) MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Avalon ('00-'04) MCX'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Prius ('04-'09) NHW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus IS250 2wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''0L, IS250 4wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''5L, IS350 ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''1L, IS F ('08-'09) USE'''2'''0L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('96-'00) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('96-'00) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Celica - GT w/1ZZ-FE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''0L, GT-S w/2ZZ-GE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) ZZW'''3'''0L |- |3 |Lexus LS430 ('01-'06) UCF'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Camry ('02-'06) I4: ACV'''3'''0L, 3.0L V6: MCV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 SE V6): MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Camry Solara ('04-'08) I4 : ACV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6: MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus ES300 ('02-'03) MCV'''3'''0L, ES330 ('04-'06) MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Corolla w/1ZZ-FE engine ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''0L, Corolla XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('05-'06) ZZE1'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 2wd ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''2L, Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 4wd ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''3L |- |3 |Toyota Avalon ('05-'09) GSX'''3'''0L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('96-'97) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |4 |Lexus SC430 ('02-'09) UZZ'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Camry ('07-'09) I4: ACV'''4'''0L, V6: GSV'''4'''0L, Hybrid: AHV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus ES350 ('07-'09) GSV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''0L, LS460L 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''1L |- |4 |Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09) UVF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''5L, LS460L 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''6L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel (US: '96-'98, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''3L |- |5 |Toyota Paseo (US: '96-'97, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''4L |- |6 |Lexus GS300 ('98-'05) JZS1'''6'''0L, GS400 ('98-'00) UZS1'''6'''0L, GS430 ('01-'05) UZS1'''6'''1L |- |6 |Scion XA ('04-'06) NCP'''6'''1L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('96-'98) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Yaris ('07-'09) Hatchback: NCP'''9'''1L, 4-d sedan: NCP'''9'''3L |- |9 |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''0L, GS300 4wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''5L |- |9 |Lexus GS350 2wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''1L, GS350 4wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''6L |- |9 |Lexus GS430 ('06-'07) UZS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS460 ('08-'09) URS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS450h ('07-'09) GWS1'''9'''1L |- |} CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('98-'07), Lexus LX470 ('98-'07) UZJ1'''0'''0L |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''0L |- |0 |Lexus LX570 ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('96-'97) TCR'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 2wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''5L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''6L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 4wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''0L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 EV 2wd ('98-'03) 4-door: BEA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Sienna ('98-'03) MCL'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03) MCU'''1'''0L (2wd), MCU'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09) V6: GRN2'''1'''0L (2wd), GRN2'''1'''5L (4wd), V8: UZN2'''1'''0L (2wd), UZN2'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('07-'09) GSJ'''1'''0L (2wd), GSJ'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota Venza 2wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''0L, V6: GGV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Venza 4wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''5L, V6: GGV'''1'''5L |- |1 |Toyota T100 I4 2wd ('96-'98) RCK'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota T100 V6 2wd ('96-'98) VCK'''1'''1L |- |2 |Toyota T100 V6 4wd ('96-'98) VCK'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('96-'97) TCR'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03) ACA'''2'''6L (2wd), ACA'''2'''1L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('04-'05) ACA'''2'''8L (2wd), ACA'''2'''3L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('04-'06) 2wd: MCL'''2'''0L, 4wd: MCL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('07-'09) 2wd: GSL'''2'''0L, 4wd: GSL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 2wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''0L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''0L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''3L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 4wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''5L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''5L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''8L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''8L |- |2 |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) UZJ1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''0L (I4) |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''5L (I4), GRN2'''2'''5L (V6) |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 2wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''3'''0L, '05-'06 4.0L V6: GSK'''3'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 2wd ('04-'06) UCK'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Sequoia ('01-'07) UCK'''3'''5L (2wd), UCK'''4'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Scion XB ('04-'06) NCP'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus RX330 ('04-'06) MCU'''3'''3L (2wd), MCU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX350 ('07-'09) GSU'''3'''0L (2wd), GSU'''3'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX400h ('06-'08) MHU'''3'''3L (2wd), MHU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('06-'08) I4: ACA'''3'''8L (2wd), ACA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('09) I4: ASA'''3'''8L (2wd), ASA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''5L (I4), GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 4wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''4'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 4wd ('04-'06) UCK'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('08) 2wd: GSU'''4'''0L, 4wd: GSU'''4'''5L, Hybrid 4wd: MHU'''4'''8L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('09) I4: ASU'''4'''0L (2wd), V6: GSU'''4'''0L (2wd), GSU'''4'''5L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU'''4'''8L (4wd) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''5'''0L (2.4L I4), VZN1'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('07-'09) GSK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Scion XB ('08-'09) AZE1'''5'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''6'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''0L (I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''5L (I4), GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Sequoia ('08-'09) 4.7L V8: UCK'''6'''0L (2wd), UCK'''6'''5L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK'''6'''0L (2wd), USK'''6'''5L (4wd) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''7'''1L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab 4wd ('01-'04) VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''7'''0L (V6) |- |8 |Toyota 4Runner - '96-'00 I4: RZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), RZN1'''8'''5L (4wd), '96-'02 V6: VZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), VZN1'''8'''5L (4wd) |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('96-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab [2wd] ('99-'04) RZN1'''9'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab [2wd] ('98-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab [2wd] ('01-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America)<br> Note: Toyota/Lexus VINs before 2010 do not reflect if the vehicle has rear-seat side airbags. Some Lexus ES, GS, & LS models are so equipped. !Code !Description !Application |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags |Tercel '96-'98, Corolla '96-'08, Camry '96-'06, Avalon '96-'97, Paseo '96-'97, Celica '96-'05,<br> Supra '96-'98, Camry Solara '99-'03, Echo '00-'05, MR2 Spyder '00-'05, Prius '01-'06,<br> Matrix '03-'08, Yaris '07-'08, Scion xA '04-'06, Lexus ES300 '96-'97, GS300 '96-'97, LS400 '96,<br> SC300/SC400 '96-'00 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '07-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '05-'09, Camry '07-'09, Scion tC '05-'07 (Opt.), Scion tC '08-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LS430 '04-'06, LS460 '07-'09, LS600hL '08-'09, GS300 '06, GS350 '07-'09,<br> GS430 '06-'07, GS460 '08-'09, GS450h '07-'09, IS250/IS350 '06-'09, IS F '08-'09,<br> ES350 '07-'09 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Scion tC '05-'07 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Side Airbags |Corolla '98-'04 (Opt.), Camry '98-'01 (Opt.), Avalon '98-'04, Camry Solara '99-'03 (Opt.),<br> Camry Solara coupe '04-'06, Camry Solara convertible '04-'08, Celica '00-'05 (Opt.),<br> Echo '01-'05 (Opt.), Prius '01-'03 (Opt.), Matrix '03-'04 (Opt.), Lexus LS400 '97-'00,<br> ES300 '98-'01, GS300/GS400 '98-'00, IS300 '01, SC430 '02-'06 |- |9 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front-seat Side Curtain Airbags |Lexus GS300/GS430 '01-'05, IS300 '02-'05 |- |0 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Camry '02-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '04-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '07-'08,<br> Prius '04-'06 (Opt.), Prius '07-'09, Corolla '05-'08 (Opt.), Corolla '09, Matrix '05-'08 (Opt.), Matrix '09, Yaris '07-'08 (Opt.), Yaris '09, Scion xA '04-'06 (Opt.), Scion xD '08-'09, Lexus LS430 '01-'03, ES300 '02-'03, ES330 '04-'06 |- |} ===Grade=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |RAV4 ('96-'05), Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), GX470 ('03-'09), LX470 ('98-'07), LX570 ('08-'09), Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |1 |T100 [Base model] ('96-'98), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander/Highlander Hybrid [Base model] ('08-'09), RAV4 Limited 2-row ('06-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09), Venza ('09), Lexus RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09), RX400h ('06-'08) |- |2 |Previa DX ('96-'97), Tacoma [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('98-'00), Tacoma ('01-'09), T100 DX ('96-'98), Tundra [Base model] ('00-'09),<br> Sienna XLE ('04-'09), Sienna XLE Limited ('04-'05), Sienna Limited ('06-'09), Scion xB w/auto. trans. ('04-'06), RAV4 Sport 2-row ('06-'09),<br> Highlander Limited ('08-'09) |- |3 |Previa LE ('96-'97), Sienna LE, XLE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [US market] ('04-'09), Sienna LE ('04-'09), Scion xB w/man. trans. ('04-'06),<br> RAV4 [Base model, 2-row] ('06-'09), Highlander Sport ('08-'09) |- |4 |4Runner [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('96-'97), Tacoma Limited ('98-'00), T100 SR5 ('96-'98), Tundra SR5 ('00-'09), Sequoia SR5 ('01-'09),<br> 4Runner SR5, Sport ('03-'09), RAV4 Limited 3-row ('06-'09), Highlander Hybrid Limited ('08-'09) |- |5 |Land Cruiser ('96-'09), RAV4 [Base model, 3-row] ('06-'09) |- |6 |4Runner SR5 ('96-'02) |- |7 |4Runner Limited ('96-'09), Sequoia Platinum ('08-'09) |- |8 |Lexus LX450 ('96-'97), Tundra Limited ('00-'09), Sequoia Limited ('01-'09) |- |9 |Sienna CE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [Canadian market] ('04-'09) |} ===Vehicle Line=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra |- |2 |Lexus IS300 |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS350, IS F |- |3 |Echo / Yaris |- |4 |Scion xA / Scion xD |- |4 |Scion xB ('04-'06) |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Supra |- |A |Highlander |- |A |Sequoia |- |A |Venza |- |B |Avalon |- |C |Sienna |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix |- |E |Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS400 |- |F |Lexus LS430 |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |G |Lexus ES300, ES330, ES350 |- |H |Paseo |- |J |Land Cruiser |- |J |Lexus LX450 |- |K |Camry |- |L |Tercel |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS300, GS350 |- |S |Lexus GS430, GS460 |- |S |Lexus GS450h |- |T |Celica |- |U |Prius |- |U |Lexus RX300 |- |U |Lexus RX330, RX350, RX400h |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |Lexus LX470, LX570 |- |X |Lexus GS400 |- |X |Lexus GX470 |- |Y |RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |Y |Lexus SC400 |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Z |Lexus SC300 |- |} ==VIN Format 1981-1995== For vehicles prior to model year 1996 for North America and 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |V |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |N |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |1 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |3 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |G ||[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System]] |- |9 |3 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |R |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |5 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |6 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |2 |- |14 |2 |- |15 |2 |- |16 |1 |- |17 |7 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |3 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |J |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |4 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |V ||[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |D |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Drivetrain Type|Drivetrain Type]] |- |7 |2 |[[#Cab Type & Chassis|Cab Type & Chassis]] |- |8 |P ||[[#Series (Grade) & Brake System|Series (Grade) & Brake System]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} ===Engine Type 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3A-C engine. Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82), Tercel ('83-'86), Tercel wagon ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('83), Corolla Sport DX, SR5 ('84-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GELC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 ('85-'89), Corolla FX-16 ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GEC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GZE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89) |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla GT-S ('88-'91). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-F engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'89). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'95), Celica ST ('90-'93). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FE engine. Toyota Previa ('91-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('94-'95). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'85). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('84-'85). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('86). |- | D || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('93-'95). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || 1-bbl carb. Toyota 3E engine. Toyota Tercel ('87-'90). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3E-E engine. Toyota Tercel ('90-'94). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('95), Paseo ('92-'95). |- | F || 4.2L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || 2-bbl. Carb. Toyota 2F engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('81-'87). |- | F || 4.0L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3F-E engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('88-'92). |- | G || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('94-'95), Avalon ('95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2JZ-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('93-'95), Lexus SC300 ('92-'95), GS300 ('93-'95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('93-'95). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4K-C engine. Toyota Starlet ('81-'82). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4K-E engine. Toyota Starlet ('83-'84). |- | L || 2.2L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota L engine. Toyota Pickup ('81-'83). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L engine. Toyota Pickup ('84-'85). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L-T engine. Toyota Pickup ('85). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-E engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('81), Cressida ('81-'82). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-GE engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86), Cressida ('83-'88). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92), Cressida ('89-'92). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('87-'92). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 22R engine. Toyota Celica, Corona ('81-'82), Pickup ('81-'90), 4Runner ('84). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-E (EC for CA emissions version) engine.<br> Toyota Celica ('83-'85), Pickup ('84-'95), 4Runner ('85-'95). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-TE (TEC for CA emissions version) engine. Toyota Pickup ('85-'88), 4Runner ('86-'87). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 2S-ELC engine. Toyota Camry ('83-'86), Celica ST/GT ('86). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GELC engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('86-'89). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota Celica ST/GT ('87-'89), Camry ('87-'91). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GTE engine.<br> Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93), MR2 Turbo ('91-'95). |- | S || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT/GT-S ('90-'93), Celica GT ('94-'95), MR2 ('91-'95), Camry ('92-'95). |- | T || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3T-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('81-'82). |- | U || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400 ('90-'95), SC400 ('92-'95). |- | U || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('95). |- | U || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('94-'95). |- | V || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('88-'91), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-E engine. Toyota 4Runner, Pickup ('88-'95), T100 ('93-'94). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('92-'93). |- | V || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('95). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 3Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('84-'85). |- | Y || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('86-'89). |} ===Vehicle Line 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Celica rwd ('81-'85) |- |A |Celica Supra ('81-'86) |- |A |Supra ('86 1/2-'95) |- |B |Avalon ('95) |- |C |Previa ('91-'95) |- |D |T100 ('93-'95) |- |E |Corolla ('81-'95) |- |F |Lexus LS400 ('90-'95) |- |J |Land Cruiser ('81-'95) |- |K |Camry ('92-'95) |- |K |Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |L |Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) |- |L |Tercel ('83-'95) |- |L |Paseo ('92-'95) |- |N |Pickup (compact pickup & chassis cab '81-'95) |- |N |Tacoma ('95 1/2) |- |N |4Runner ('84-'95) |- |P |Starlet ('81-'84) |- |R |Van ('84-'89) |- |S |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |T |Corona ('81-'82) |- |T |Celica fwd or awd ('86-'95) |- |V |Camry ('83-'91) |- |V |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |- |W |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95) |- |X |Cressida ('81-'92) |- |Z |Lexus SC300, SC400 ('92-'95) |- |} ===Model Designation=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door or wagon w/1.8L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('94-'95): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('94-'95): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - Gas I4 ('83-'86): SV'''1'''1L, 1.8L Turbodiesel I4 [1C-TLC] ('84-'85): CV'''1'''0L, 2.0L Turbodiesel I4 [2C-TLC] ('86): CV'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota MR2 ('85-'89) AW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus LS400 ('90-'94) UCF'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - I4 ('92-'95): SXV'''1'''0L, V6 w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, V6 w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 - w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('95) MCX'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) AL12L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |2 |Toyota Camry sedan - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1L, I4 All-Trac 4WD ('88-'91): SV'''2'''5L, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Camry wagon - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1LG, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1LG |- |2 |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota MR2 ('91-'95) Base model w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: SW'''2'''1L, Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: SW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('95) UCF'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Corona ('81-'82) RT1'''3'''5L |- |3 |Toyota Tercel hatchback ('83-'86) AL21L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel wagon - 2wd: ('84-'87) AL21LG, 4wd: ('83-'88) AL25LG (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel coupe & hatchback ('87-'90) EL'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('92-'95) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('92-'95) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Celica ('81) RA'''4'''3L |- |4 |Toyota Celica Supra ('81) MA'''4'''7L |- |4 |Toyota Tercel ('91-'94) EL'''4'''2L |- |4 |Toyota Paseo ('92-'95) EL'''4'''4L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel ('95) EL'''5'''3L |- |6 |Toyota Starlet ('81-'84) KP'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Cressida - sedan w/solid (live) rear axle ('81-'82): MX'''6'''2L, sedan w/IRS ('83-'84): MX'''6'''3L, wagon ('81-'84): MX'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/22R engine ('82): RA'''6'''4L, ST & GT w/22R-E/EC engine & solid (live) rear axle ('83-'85): RA'''6'''4L,<br> GT-S w/22R-E/EC engine & IRS ('83-'85): RA'''6'''5L |- |6 |Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86) MA'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/2S-ELC engine ('86): ST1'''6'''1L, ST & GT w/3S-FE engine ('87-'89): ST1'''6'''2L, GT-S w/3S-GELC engine ('86-'89): ST1'''6'''2L,<br> All-Trac Turbo w/3S-GTE engine ('88): ST1'''6'''5L |- |7 |Toyota Corolla - w/1.8L OHV 3T-C engine ('81-'82): TE'''7'''2L, w/1.6L SOHC 4A-C engine ('83): AE'''7'''1L |- |7 |Toyota Cressida - sedan ('85-'88): MX'''7'''3L, wagon ('85-'87): MX'''7'''2LG |- |7 |Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92) MA'''7'''0L |- |8 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd, gas-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Fwd, diesel-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'85): CE'''8'''0L, Corolla FX/FX-16 Fwd 3-door hatchback ('87-'88): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Corolla Sport - Rwd, gas-powered 2-door coupe & 3-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''6L |- |8 |Toyota Cressida ('89-'92) MX'''8'''3L |- |8 |Toyota Celica ('90-'93) - ST w/1.6L 4A-FE engine: AT1'''8'''0L, GT & GT-S w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: ST1'''8'''4L, All-Trac Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: ST1'''8'''5L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('93-'95) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd 2-door coupe, 4-door sedan, & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''2L, All-Trac 4wd 4-door sedan ('89-'90) & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''5L |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('91-'95) TCR'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Van - w/2.0L 3Y-EC engine ('84-'85): YR'''2'''1LG, w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 2wd ('86-'89): YR'''2'''2LG |- |2 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 2wd ('90-'91): RN1'''2'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 2wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('91-'95) TCR'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Van w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 4wd ('87-'89): YR'''3'''1LG |- |3 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 4wd ('90-'95): RN1'''3'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 4wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Land Cruiser 40 Series 2-door Hardtop ('81-'83) FJ'''4'''0LV |- |6 |Toyota Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - w/2F engine: FJ'''6'''0LG ('81-'87), w/3F-E engine ('88-'90): FJ'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota 4Runner 4wd - I4: RN'''6'''0LG ('84-'85), RN'''6'''1LG ('86-'89), V6 ('88-'89): VZN'''6'''1LG |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser - w/3F-E engine ('91-'92): FJ'''8'''0L, w/1FZ-FE engine ('93-'95) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |} ===Drivetrain Type=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |4wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95) |- |0 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '95 |- |1 |4wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95) |- |1 |2wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |4wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |2wd (Cargo Van) '84-'89 |- |3 |4wd (Cargo Van) '87-'89 |- |4 |2wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |5 |2wd (Pickup, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version) '84-'88 |- |5 |2wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |6 |4wd (Pickup '84-'88, 4Runner - truck version '84-'89, Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |6 |4wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |6 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '84-'85, '87-'89 |- |7 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab - Extra LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |2wd (Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |4wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |8 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '91-'93 |- |8 |2wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version '89-'93) |- |9 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '89-'93) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Series (Grade)=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Supra [base model] ('86 1/2-'92), Corolla LE ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95), Avalon XL ('95) Lexus SC400 ('92-'95) |- |1 |Starlet ('81-'84), Corolla Tercel [base model] ('81-'82), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d/4-d ('82), Tercel [base model] ('83-'89), Tercel EZ ('87),<br> Tercel [base model w/carbureted engine] ('90), Corolla [base model] ('81-'83), Camry [base model] ('87), Camry DX ('87-'95), Supra Turbo ('87-'92),<br> Corolla [base model] ('90-'92), MR2 [base model] ('91-'95), Supra [base model] ('93-'95), Avalon XLS ('95), Lexus LS400 ('90-'94), SC300 ('92-'95) |- |2 |Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d ('81), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 3-d ('81-'82), Tercel Deluxe ('83-'89), Tercel Deluxe w/carbureted engine ('90), Corolla DX ('81-'83),<br> Corolla SR5 ('83), Corolla DX 4-d sedan/5-d hatch ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('88-'89), Corona Deluxe ('81-'82),<br> Cressida ('81-'82), Cressida wagon ('83-'87), Camry DX ('83-'85), Camry DX w/gasoline engine ('86), Camry LE ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('87-'89),<br> MR2 Turbo ('91-'95), Supra Turbo ('93-'95), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91), LS400 ('95) |- |3 |Celica ST ('81-'86), Cressida sedan ('83-'92), Corolla LE ('84-'89), Camry DX turbodiesel ('86), Tercel [base model w/fuel injected engine] ('90),<br> Tercel DX ('91-'94), Camry XLE ('92-'95), Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |4 |Celica GT ('81-'86), Corolla LE Limited ('85-'86), Camry [base model] ('88-'91), Corolla DX All-Trac wagon ('88-'92), Corolla DX All-Trac sedan ('89-'90), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('90-'92), Tercel Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('90), Tercel LE ('91-'93), Camry SE ('92-'95), Corolla [base model] ('93-'95) |- |5 |Corolla SR5 ('81-'82), Corolla Sport [DX] ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('88-'89), Celica GT-S ('83-'93), Tercel SR5 ('83-'88), MR2 [base model] ('85-'89),<br> Paseo ('92-'95), Tercel [base model] ('95) |- |6 |Corona Luxury Edition ('81-'82), Camry LE ('83-'86), Corolla Sport SR5 ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 All-Trac wagon ('88-'90), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('90-'91),<br> Celica ST ('87-'93), MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89), Tercel EZ ('88-'90), Tercel [base model] ('91-'94), Tercel DX ('95) |- |7 |Celica Supra ('81-'86), Corolla FX16 ('87-'88), Celica GT coupe/liftback ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('91-'93, '95), Corolla LE ('90-'92),<br> Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |8 |Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87), Corolla GT-S Coupe ('88-'91), Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93) |- |9 |Corolla FX16 GT-S ('87-'88), Corolla DX ('93-'95) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Land Cruiser 40 Series ('81-'83), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('81-'87), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('91-'92) |- |1 |Previa DX ('91-'95), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('93-'95) |- |2 |Van Deluxe ('84-'89), 4Runner Deluxe ('85), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('88-'90), Previa LE ('91-'95) |- |3 |4Runner Deluxe ('86, '88-'89), Previa DX S/C ('95) |- |4 |4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('86-'87, '89), Previa LE S/C ('94-'95) |- |5 |4Runner SR5 ('84-'85) |- |6 |Van LE ('84-'89), 4Runner SR5 V6 ('88-'89) |- |7 |4Runner SR5 Turbo ('86-'87), 4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('90-'95) |- |9 |4Runner SR5 V6 ('90-'95) |} ===Cab Type & Chassis=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 (when following 5 or 6 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |0 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in.] (Pickup '86-'88) |- |0 |Wagon [4DR], long wheelbase (Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (T100 '93-'94) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, 4-cyl. (T100 '95) |- |1 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '84-'85) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |2 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '86-'89) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in. for 4x2, 121.9 in. for 4x4], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |4 |Panel van, 4-link rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 4wd '87-'89) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |5 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 5 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '86-'88) |- |6 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |7 |Van (Cargo Van '84-'85) |- |7 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |8 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |8 |Panel van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 2wd '86-'89) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is R) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbo gas engine (Pickup '85-'86) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is L) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |9 |Glass van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Window Van '86-'89) |} IFS= Independent Front Suspension ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Application !Restraint System |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '81-'89, MR2 '85-'89) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Sport Coupe '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback (Corolla Sport '84-'86 & in Canada '87) |Manual Belts |- |C |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR coupe (Tercel '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'89, Corona '81-'82, Camry '83-'86) |Manual Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '89) |Manual Belts |- |G |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd <br>(Starlet '81-'84, Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Tercel '83-'89, Tercel EZ '89 [some],<br> Corolla FX/FX16 '87-'88) |Manual Belts |- |H |5DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Camry '83-'86, Tercel '83-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] (MR2 '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '81-'89, Celica Supra '81-'86, Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Liftback '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |L |5DR hatchback 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '88) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR hardtop (Corolla [Sports] Hardtop '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR coupe (Corolla Sport '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Tercel '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83, '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 4wd (Tercel '83-'88) |Manual Belts |- |Z |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Tercel EZ '88 [all], '89 [some]) |Manual Belts |- |A |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '90-'92, Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |B |2DR sedan (Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Cressida '81-'92, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |F |2DR coupe (Tercel '90, Paseo '92) |Automatic Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90) |Automatic Belts |- |J |4DR sedan 4wd (Camry All-Trac '88-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |J |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '90-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |K |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |M |3DR liftback (Tercel '90) |Automatic Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Cressida '81-'87, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |S |2DR sedan (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |T |4DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |U |2DR coupe (Paseo '93-'95) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |C |2DR coupe (Lexus SC300/SC400 '92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '90-'92, Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |P |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES250 '90-'91, ES300 '92-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |B |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Lexus SC300/SC400 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '93-'95, GS300 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95, Avalon '95, Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES300 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |} '''Incomplete Passenger Cars - Body Type & Brake System''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type & Application !Brake System |- |K |2DR convertible (Celica '84-'85, '87-'89, '91-'93, '95) |Hydraulic Brakes |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !VIN Code !Description |- |C |Hardtop [2DR] ('81-'83 Land Cruiser 40 Series) |- |G |Wagon [4DR] ('81-'90 Land Cruiser 60 Series) |- |J |2DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'91 4Runner) |- |R |4DR Wagon 2WD ('91-'95 Previa) |- |S |4DR Wagon 4WD ('91-'95 Previa All-Trac) |- |V |Van ('84-'85 Van) |- |V |4DR Wagon 2WD ('90-'95 4Runner) |- |W |Wagon ('84-'89 4Runner, '86-'89 Van) |- |W |4DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'95 4Runner, '91-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |} ===Series (Grade) & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America) |+'''All have hydraulic brakes.''' !VIN Code !Description |- |A |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('88, '90-'95), T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('93), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('94) |- |B |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] Turbo ('86-'87), T100 [base model] One Ton ('93), T100 DX One Ton ('94), Tacoma [base model] 2.4L 2wd ('95) |- |C |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] V6 ('88), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('93-'94), Tacoma [base model] 2.7L 4wd ('95) |- |D |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/carbureted gas engine ('84-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/diesel engine ('84-'85),<br> Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('91-'95), 4Runner - truck version [base model] ('84-'86), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe ('87-'89),<br> T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton 4-cyl. ('94-'95) |- |E |Pickup 3/4 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('85-'88), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |F |Tacoma V6 [base model] ('95), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |G |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 Turbo ('85-'88), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('89-'95), T100 DX One Ton ('95) |- |H |T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('95) |- |K |Tacoma SR5 V6 ('95) |- |M |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('88), 4Runner - truck version SR5 V6 ('88) |- |N |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('88), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [V6] ('89-'92), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe V6 ('89) |- |P |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe 4-cyl. ('91-'95) |- |R |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'90), Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84),<br> Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85-'90) |- |S |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 2wd w/fuel injected engine ('84), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 4wd w/carbureted engine ('84),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), 4Runner - truck version SR5 [4-cyl.] ('87-'88) |- |T |Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'93) |- |U |Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'88) |- |V |Van [Cargo van version] ('84-'89), Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - truck version ('87) |- |} ==VIN positions== ===Country of origin=== Position 1 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |1 |USA |- |2 |Canada |- |3 |Mexico |- |4 |USA |- |5 |USA |- |6 |Australia |- |7 (7A-7E) |New Zealand |- |7 (7F-70) |USA |- |8 (8A-8E) |Argentina |- |9 (9A-9E, 93-99) |Brazil |- |A (AA-AH) |South Africa |- |J |Japan |- |K |South Korea |- |L |China |- |M (MA-ME, MY-M0) |India |- |M (MF-MK) |Indonesia |- |M (ML-MR) |Thailand |- |N (NL-NR) |Turkey |- |P (PA-PE) |Philippines |- |P (PL-PR) |Malaysia |- |R (RF-RK) |Taiwan |- |R (RL-RP) |Vietnam |- |S (SA-SM) |United Kingdom |- |T (TW-T2) |Portugal |- |V (VF-VR) |France |- |W |Germany |- |X (XS-XW, XZ-X0) |Russia |- |Y (YA-YE) |Belgium |} Second letter or number in parentheses is from position 2 of VIN. The characters in parentheses represent the range assigned to that particular country. ===Manufacturer (Japan/North America)=== Position 2 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |F |Fuji Heavy Industries LTD |- |G |GM |- |M |Mazda (Mexico) |- |M |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |- |N |NUMMI (Toyota car) |- |T |NUMMI (Toyota truck) |- |T |Toyota |- |Y |Toyota (Mississippi, USA) |- |8 |Toyota (Lexus - Kentucky, USA) |} ===Vehicle Type=== {{center|Position 3-Japan built models}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |D,K,N,X,1,2,7 |Passenger Car |- |A,B,F,4 |Truck |- |G |Bus |- |E,L,M,3 |Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) |- |5 |Incomplete Vehicle (typically a convertible) |} ===Body=== {{center|Position 4 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world, may be incorrect for most recent ones)}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD / Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Celica, Supra) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD (Corolla, Camry) / MPV, Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris) / 5DR Van AWD / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |K |5DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris, Prius) / 5DR Wagon 2WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |L |5DR Wagon 4WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |M |5DR Door Van 2WD / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |N |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 2WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |P |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 4WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |R |Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |S |3DR Liftback 4WD |- |T |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 2WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |U |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |W |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame TRD |- |X |5DR Sport Utility Wagon |- |Y |Sport Van |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD |} ===Engine=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 4 (before 1996 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |3A-C 1.5L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla Tercel, '83-'86 Tercel, '87-'88 Tercel wagon) |- |A |4A-C 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('83 Corolla, '84-'87 Corolla Sport DX, SR5) |- |A |4A-LC 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('84-'87 Corolla, '87-'88 Corolla FX) |- |A |4A-GEC 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'87 Corolla Sport GT-S) |- |A |4A-GE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'91 Corolla GT-S) |- |A |4A-F 1.6L DOHC, 16V carb. I4 ('88-'89 Corolla) |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 ('88-'95 Corolla, '90-'93 Celica ST) |- |A |4A-GELC 1.6L DOHC, 16V I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'89 MR2, '87-'88 Corolla FX16) |- |A |4A-GZE 1.6L DOHC, 16V Supercharged, IC I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'89 MR2 Supercharged) |- |A |7A-FE 1.8L DOHC, 16V I4 ('93-'95 Corolla, '94-'95 Celica ST) |- |A |2TZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('91-'95 Previa) |- |A |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('94-'95 Previa S/C) |- |C |1C-LC 1.8L diesel indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Corolla) |- |C |1C-TLC 1.8L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Camry) |- |C |2C-TLC 2.0L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('86 Camry) |- |D |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('93-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |E |3E 1.5L SOHC, 12V carb. I4 ('87-'90 Tercel) |- |E |3E-E 1.5L SOHC, 12V EFI I4 ('90-'94 Tercel) |- |E |5E-FE 1.5L DOHC, 16V I4 ('95 Tercel, '92-'95 Paseo) |- |F |2F 4.2L 2-bbl. Carb. OHV I6 ('81-'87 Land Cruiser) |- |F |3F-E 4.0L EFI OHV I6 ('88-'92 Land Cruiser) |- |G |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('94-'95 Camry V6, Lexus ES300, '95 Avalon) |- |J |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('93-'95 Supra, '93-'95 Lexus GS300, '92-'95 SC300) |- |J |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('93-'95 Supra Turbo) |- |K |4K-C 1.3L Carb. OHV I4 ('81-'82 Starlet) |- |K |4K-E 1.3L EFI OHV I4 ('83-'84 Starlet) |- |L |L 2.2L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('81-'83 Pickup) |- |L |2L 2.4L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Pickup) |- |L |2L-T 2.4L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('85 Pickup) |- |M |5M-E 2.8L SOHC, 12V I6 ('81 Celica Supra, '81-'82 Cressida) |- |M |5M-GE 2.8L DOHC, 12V I6 ('82-'86 Celica Supra, '83-'88 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GE 3.0L DOHC, 24V I6 ('86 1/2-'92 Supra, '89-'92 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GTE 3.0L DOHC, 24V turbo IC I6 ('87-'92 Supra Turbo) |- |R |22R 2.4L 2-bbl SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Celica, Corona, '81-'90 Pickup, '84 4Runner) |- |R |22R-E/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('83-'85 Celica, '84-'95 Pickup, '85-'95 4Runner) |- |R |22R-TE/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI Turbo I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('85-'88 Pickup, '86-'87 4Runner) |- |S |2S-ELC 2.0L I4 ('83-'86 Camry, '86 Celica ST/GT) |- |S |3S-GELC 2.0L I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('86-'89 Celica GT-S) |- |S |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('87-'89 Celica ST/GT, '87-'91 Camry) |- |S |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('90-'93 Celica GT/GT-S, '94-'95 Celica GT, '91-'95 MR2, '92-'95 Camry) |- |S |3S-GTE 2.0L Turbo, IC I4 ('88, '90-'93 Celica All-Trac Turbo, '91-'95 MR2 Turbo) |- |T |3T-C 1.8L OHV Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla) |- |U |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('90-'95 LS400, '92-'95 SC400) |- |U |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('95 Tacoma) |- |U |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('94-'95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |V |2VZ-FE 2.5L DOHC, 24V V6 ('88-'91 Camry V6, '90-'91 Lexus ES250) |- |V |3VZ-E 3.0L SOHC, 12V V6 ('88-'95 4Runner, Pickup, '93-'94 T100) |- |V |3VZ-FE 3.0L DOHC, 24V V6 ('92-'93 Camry V6, Lexus ES300) |- |V |5VZ-FE 3.4L DOHC, 24V V6 ('95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |Y |3Y-EC 2.0L EFI OHV I4 ('84-'85 Van) |- |Y |4Y-EC 2.2L EFI OHV I4 ('86-'89 Van) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla) |- |A |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330, '04-'08 Camry Solara) |- |A |2ZR-FXE + 1NM (Prius 2wd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('16 Prius) |- |B |7A-FE 1.8L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla, Celica ST) |- |B |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('04-'09 Prius) |- |B |2AZ-FXE + 2JM 2.4L Atkinson cycle I4 Hybrid ('07-'09 Camry Hybrid) |- |C |5E-FE 1.5L I4 ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada Tercel, '96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada Paseo) |- |C |2GR-FSE + 1KM 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 Hybrid ('07-'09 Lexus GS450h) |- |D |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('96-'98 Supra, '96-'05 Lexus GS300, '96-'00 SC300, '01-'05 IS300) |- |D |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('01-'07 Highlander, '04-'08 RAV4) |- |E |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('96-'98 Supra Turbo) |- |E |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('02-'09 Camry, '02-'08 Camry Solara, '05-'09 Scion tC, '08-'09 Scion xB, '09 Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS) |- |E |2GR-FSE 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 ('06-'09 IS350, '07-'09 Lexus GS350) |- |E |1AR-FE 2.7L I4 ('09 Venza, Highlander) |- |F |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('96-'04 Camry V6, '96-'04 Avalon, '96-'03 Lexus ES300, '98-'03 Sienna, '99-'03 Camry Solara, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '01-'03 Highlander) |- |F |2AR-FE 2.5L I4 ('09 RAV4) |- |G |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('96-'99 Celica GT, '96-'01 Camry, '99-'01 Camry Solara) |- |H |1AZ-FE 2.0L I4 ('01-'03 RAV4) |- |H |3GR-FSE 3.0L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06 Lexus GS300) |- |H |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('98-'00 GS400, '96-'00 LS400, '96-'00 SC400) |- |J |1NR-FE 1.3L I4 ('12-'15 Scion iQ) |- |J |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('96-'97 Land Cruiser, '96-'97 LX450) |- |J |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('07-'09 Lexus ES350) |- |K |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('96-'97 Previa S/C) |- |K |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('01-'03 Prius) |- |K |4GR-FSE 2.5L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06-'09 IS250) |- |K |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('05-'09 Avalon, '06-'09 RAV4, '07-'09 Camry V6, Sienna, Lexus RX350, '09 Venza) |- |L |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('96-'04 Tacoma) |- |L |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('01-'05 GS430) |- |L |1UR-FSE 4.6L VVT-iE V8 ('08-'09 GS460, '07-'09 LS460) |- |L |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For Japanese-built '09 Corolla) |- |M |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('96-'98 T100, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'00 4Runner) |- |N |5S-FNE (CNG 2.2L I4) ('00-'01 Camry) |- |N |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('06-'07 GS430, '01-'06 LS430, '02-'09 SC430) |- |N |5VZ-FE 3.4L V6 ('96-'02 4Runner, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'98 T100, '00-'04 Tundra) |- |N |2ZR-FXE Hybrid 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('10-'15 Prius) |- |P |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('96-'00 RAV4) |- |P |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'07 Highlander) |- |P |2UR-GSE 5.0L V8 ('08-'09 Lexus IS F) |- |R |1ZZ-FE 1.8L VVT-i I4 ('98-'08 Corolla, '00-'05 Celica GT, '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '03-'08 Matrix) |- |S |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('08-'09 Highlander) |- |T |1NZ-FE 1.5L I4 ('00-'05 Echo, '04-'06 Scion xA, xB, '07-'09 Yaris) |- |T |2UZ-FE 4.7L V8 ('98-'07 Land Cruiser, '00-'09 Tundra, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 4Runner, '03-'09 Lexus GX470, '98-'07 LX470) |- |U |1GR-FE 4.0L VVT-i V6 ('03-'09 4Runner, '05-'09 Tacoma, '05-'09 Tundra, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser) |- |U |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For US- & Canadian-built '09 Corolla, Matrix but also for '08-'09 Scion XD) |- |U |2UR-FSE + 1KM 5.0L VVT-iE D4S V8 Hybrid ('08-'09 LS600hL) |- |V |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('07-'09 Tundra) |- |W |3MZ-FE + 1JM, 2FM 3.3L V6 Hybrid ('06-'09 Highlander Hybrid, '06-'08 RX400h) |- |W |3UR-FBE 5.7L Dual VVT-i Flex-Fuel V8 Gas/E85 ('09 Tundra) |- |X |2TR-FE 2.7L I4 ('05-'09 Tacoma) |- |Y |2ZZ-GE 1.8L VVTL-i I4 ('00-'05 Celica GT-S, '03-'06 Matrix XRS, '05-'06 Corolla XRS) |- |Y |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('08-'09 Land Cruiser, Sequoia, '08-'09 LX570) |- |Z |2GR-FKS 3.5L V6 '15+ |- |9 |2ZR-FXE + 1NM + 1MM (Prius Awd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid |- | |- | |- |L |Electric M7M5 -- RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |S |Electric 1BM -- RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Non-North American Engines |+Position 5 (2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |2AD-FTV (2005+) |- |B |1HZ, 1HD |- |B |2AD-FHV (2005+) |- |C |2C, 2CT, 2CT-E |- |J |1AZ-FSE |- |L |2SZ-FE |- |P |2AZ-FSE |- |V |1VD-FTV |- |W |1CD-FTV |- |W |2NZ-FE |- |Z |1ZZ-FE |- |Z |3ZZ-FE |} ===Series=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) Based on the Chassis code given for the car. !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser J1'''0'''0/J1'''0'''5 |- |2 |Toyota Land Cruiser Prado J1'''2'''0 |- |} ===Restraint=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Manual Belt / 1 STD (North America), No Airbags (International) |- |2 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 1 Airbag (Driver Seat) (International) |- |3 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 2 Front Airbags (International) |- |6 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |7 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |8 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Airbags |- |9 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Front Curtain Airbags. |- |D |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Three-Row Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |} ===Model/Platform=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 / MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra / Tundra |- |3 |Echo / Yaris Verso |- |4 |Yaris / Scion xA / Scion xB / Scion xD / Urban Cruiser |- |6 |Hilux |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Highlander / Sequoia / Celica RWD / Supra |- |B |Avalon / Avensis Verso / Ipsum? |- |C |Sienna / Previa / Aygo |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix / Auris |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |G |Hilux / Fortuner |- |H |Highlander |- |J |Land Cruiser / Land Cruiser Prado |- |K |Camry / Aurion (TRD) |- |L |Tercel / Paseo / Avensis |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma and older trucks as well |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner / Corolla Verso |- |S |Fortuner |- |T |Celica FWD |- |U |Prius |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |MR2 (non-spyder models) |- |X |Cressida |- |} === '''Check-digit''' <ref>https://vincheck.info/free-vin-decoder/free-toyota-vin-decoder</ref> === {{center|Position 9 (Check-digit that identifies the VIN as being authorized by the manufacturer).}} === Model year === {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;width:30em;" |+Position 10 (International-market vehicles may have a 0 in this position) ! Code ! Year |- |L |1990 |- |M |1991 |- |N |1992 |- |P |1993 |- |R |1994 |- |S |1995 |- |T |1996 |- |V |1997 |- |W |1998 |- |X |1999 |- |Y |2000 |- |1 |2001 |- |2 |2002 |- |3 |2003 |- |4 |2004 |- |5 |2005 |- |6 |2006 |- |7 |2007 |- |8 |2008 |- |9 |2009 |- |A |2010 |- |B |2011 |- |C |2012 |- |D |2013 |- |E |2014 |- |F |2015 |- |G |2016 |- |H |2017 |- |J |2018 |- |K |2019 |- |L |2020 |- |M |2021 |- |N |2022 |- |P |2023 |- |R |2024 |- |S |2025 |} ===Plant=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 11 !VIN Code !Description |- |0-9 (All numeric) |Japan |- |7 |Lordstown, OH, US (GM plant) (Toyota Cavalier) |- |A |Motomachi plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |A |Onnaing-Valenciennes, France ([[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing France|TMMF]]) (Yaris hatch - US: '14-'18, Canada: '14-'19) |- |C |Cambridge, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |D |Nagakusa plant, Obu, Aichi pref., Japan (Toyota Industries plant) |- |E |Burnaston, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom (TMMUK) (US/Canada: GR Corolla '26-) |- |G |Gliwice, Poland (Opel/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max EV) |- |J |Takaoka plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |J |Vigo, Spain (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce City) |- |K |Hamura, Tokyo pref., Japan (Hino Motors plant) |- |L |Miyagi plant, Ohira, Miyagi pref., Japan (Central Motor Co./Toyota Motor East Japan plant) |- |M |Tijuana, Baja CA, Mexico (TMMBC) |- |M |Atessa, Italy (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max diesel) |- |N |Kolín, Czech Republic ([[w:Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech|TPCA/TMMCZ]]) |- |P |Blue Springs, MS, US (TMMMS) |- |R |Lafayette, IN, US (Subaru of Indiana Automotive) (Camry '07-'16) |- |R |Adapazari, Sakarya province, Turkey (TMMT) (US/Canada: C-HR '18-'22) |- |S |Princeton, IN, US (TMMI) |- |T |Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato, Mexico (TMMGT) |- |U |Georgetown, KY, US (TMMK) |- |V |Huntsville, AL, US (MTM USA) (Corolla Cross '22-, Corolla Cross Hybrid '23-) |- |W |Woodstock, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |W |Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (Toyota GR Supra '20-'26) |- |X |San Antonio, TX, US (TMMTX) |- |X |Altona, Victoria, Australia (Toyota Australia) (closed Oct. 3, 2017) |- |Y |Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico (Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation) <br> (Scion iA '16, Yaris iA '17-'18, Yaris sedan '19-'20, Yaris hatch '20) |- |Y |Yajima Plant, Ota, Gunma pref., Japan (Subaru plant) (Toyota bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Trailseeker '26-) |- |Z |Fremont, CA, US (NUMMI) (1987-1988 Toyota Corolla FX/FX16 3-d, 1989-2010 Corolla sedan, 1992-1995 Toyota Pickup, 1995-2010 Tacoma, Toyota Voltz [For export to Japan: '02-'04]) |- |Z |Lieu-Saint-Amand, France (Sevel Nord - PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce) |- |} '''Japanese Plants''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Plant owner/operator !Name & Location of plant !Vehicles produced !VIN Code used<br> (Pos. 11) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('85-'86) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'90) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'89) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('91-'95), Paseo ('92-'99), Echo ('00-'05),<br> Scion xA ('04-'06), xB ('04) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('96-'99) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xD ('08-'10), Scion iQ ('12-'15),<br> Scion iQ EV ('13), Scion xB ('12-'15) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'12), Scion xB ('08-'12),<br> Scion xD ('10-'14), Prius C ('12-'19), C-HR ('18-'22) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'11) |4 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('07-'11) |5-8 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Miyagi plant. Ohira, Miyagi prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('11-'12) |L |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('12-'14) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05) |0-3 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05-'06) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla [fwd 4-d/5-d] ('84-'87) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla Sport [rwd 2-d/3-d coupe] ('84-'87) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('88-'90), Corolla coupe ('91),<br> Corolla sedan & 2wd wagon ('91-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla All-Trac 4wd wagon ('91-'92) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('93-'96) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'08) |0-1 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'06) [No '06 found in US] |2-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09) |2, J |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla sedan ('10-'11, '13, '20-'25), Scion iM ('16), Corolla iM ('17-'18) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09-'12) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan ('22-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |7-8 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88) |0-9 (All-Trac Turbo) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('90-'99) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Celica ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica Supra ('85-'86), Supra ('86 1/2-'92) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |0-6 (ST, GT),<br> 0-3 (GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |0-3 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('05-'10) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('85-'87), Camry V6 ('88-'91),<br> Camry 4-cyl. All-Trac 4wd ('89-'91),<br> Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. 2wd ('88-'91) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('92-'93), Camry 4-cyl. ('94), Camry ('95-'96), <br> Lexus ES300 ('92-'93, '95-'96) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('94), Lexus ES300 ('94) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('97), Camry 4-cyl. ('98-'01), Lexus ES300 ('97) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('03-'06) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('98-'06), Lexus ES300 ('98-'03), <br> ES330 ('04-'05) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('98-'01) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('02) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('03) |5-6 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES330 ('04-'06), Camry SE V6 [3.3L] ('05) |5-6 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |5 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('07-'11, '18-'19), Scion tC ('11-'15),<br> Crown ('23-'26), Crown Signia ('25-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('15-'16) |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES350 ('07-'21), ES300h ('13-'20),<br> ES350h, ES350e, ES500e ('26-),<br> HS250h ('10-'12), CT200h ('11-'17), UX200 ('19-'22),<br> UX250h ('19-'24), UX300h ('25-'26) |2 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250 ('06-'15), IS200t ('16-'17),<br> IS300 RWD ('18-'25), IS300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> IS350 ('06-'26), IS F ('08-'14),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> RC350 ('15-'25), RC F ('15-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250, IS350 ('06-'13), IS250C/IS350C ('10-'15) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LS400 ('90-'00), LS430 ('01-'05),<br> GS300 ('93-'05), GS400 ('98-'00), GS430 ('01-'05), <br> GS300 Awd ('06), GS350 ('07-'11) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06), GS430 ('06-'07),<br> GS460 ('08-'11), GS450h ('07-'11, '13-'14),<br> GS350 ('13-'14), LS430 ('06), LS460 ('07-'17),<br> LS600hL ('08-'16), LS500 ('18-'26), LS500h ('18-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19),<br> GS350 ('15-'20), GS450h ('15-'18), GS F ('16-'20),<br> LC500 ('18-'26), LC500h ('18-'25), Mirai ('16-'26),<br> Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25), bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra ('23-'26),<br> Lexus RZ450e ('23-'26), RZ300e ('24-'25), RZ350e ('26-),<br> RZ550e ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida sedan ('85-'88), Cressida wagon ('85-'87) |0-5 (sedan),<br> 0-9 (wagon) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('89) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('90-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra ('93-'96), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('92-'96) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra, Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97) |0 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Supra ('97-'98), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97-'00) |1-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('02-'05) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('06-'10) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LFA ('12) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95), MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('01-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius w/pos. 14-17 of VIN from 1001-2000 ('01) |0 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('04-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09, '16-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'15) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15, '25-'26), Prius Prime ('17-'24) |3 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09) |7 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'13) [No '14 found in US] |4-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('12-'14) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('14-'17 & '18 in Canada) |J |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('84-'86) |5-9 (psgr. van),<br> 0-9 (cargo van) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('87-'89) |5-9 (2wd),<br> 0-9 (4wd) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Previa ('91-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('96), RAV4 2-d ('96-'98, '00),<br> RAV4 4wd ('99), RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd gen.] ('01) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'06) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('07-'14) |5 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'08) |6-9 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('09) |6 (until 7/31/08),<br> D (from 8/1/08) |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('10-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'26),<br> RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('14-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('19-'26), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-), Venza ('21-'24), C-HR EV '26-, bZ '26-, Subaru Uncharted '26-, Solterra '26- |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09),<br> RX400h ('06), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander Hybrid ('06-'07) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX400h ('07-'08), RX350 ('10-'19, '21-'26),<br> RX350L ('18-'22), RX450h ('10-'15), RX450hL ('18-'22),<br> RX450h+ ('24-'26), NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21),<br> NX300h ('15-'21), NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26),<br> NX350h ('22-'26), NX450h+ ('22-'26),<br> Highlander ('08-'10), Highlander Hybrid ('08-'13) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21), NX300h ('20-'21),<br> NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26), NX350h ('22-'26) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('84-'85) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('89) |0-3 (4-cyl.),<br> 0-4 (V6) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('90-'95) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('90-'94) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('95) |0-4, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('90) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('91-'92) |0-6, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('93-'94) |0-5, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('95) |0-4, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('96-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('98-'02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |0-8 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'08) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'07) |8-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('08-'09) |8-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('07) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('08-'09) |0-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. (Hamura plant transferred to Toyota Motor Hamura, Inc. on April 1, 2026) |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Land Cruiser ('24-'26) |K |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('10-'21, '25-'26), Land Cruiser ('24-'26),<br> Lexus GX460 ('10-'23), GX550 ('24-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('22-'24) |5, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('84-'86, '88-'89) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('90-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'00) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('01-'07) |2-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('01-'06) |3-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('07) |4 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Yoshiwara plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13-'21),<br> Lexus LX570 ('08-'11, '13-'21), LX600 ('22-'26),<br> LX700h ('25-'26) |4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13) [No '14-'20 found in US] |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup ('84-'85), <br> Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |5-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab ('84-'85), Pickup/Chassis Cab w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('87-'88) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |8-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 or RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89) |7-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('90-'93) |7-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |6-7 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-1, 6-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |2-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab w/VN94 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |T100 ('93-'98) |0-9 |- |} ==Toyota WMIs== There are partial list of WMIs which are used by Toyota as well as the broader Toyota Group, including all divisions and subsidiaries: Japan: * JTD - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTK - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTN - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTX - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JT1 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (European market) * JT2 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (North American market) * JT7 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (Asia-Pacific market) * JTA - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTB - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTF - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JT4 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTG - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Bus * JTE - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JTL - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JTM - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT3 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JT5 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Incomplete Vehicle (Celica convertible, Paseo convertible, Chassis Cab pickup trucks) * JTH - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JTJ - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT6 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT8 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JAL - Isuzu Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle (S-Series) * JDA - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD1 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD2 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JD4 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Truck * JF1 - Subaru Corp., Toyota Passenger Car (86/GR86/Scion FR-S) * JHA - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHB - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JHC - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHD - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHE - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHH - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JH6 - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle North America: * 1NX - NUMMI, Toyota Passenger Car ('87-'10) * 2AY - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 2AZ - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Truck * 2T1 - TMMC, Toyota Passenger Car * 2T2 - TMMC, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 2T3 - TMMC, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 3MY - Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation, Toyota Passenger Car ('16-'20) * 3TM - TMMBC, Toyota Truck * 3TY - TMMGT, Toyota Truck * 4G3 - GM Lordstown Assembly, Toyota Passenger Car (Cavalier) ('96-'00) * 4T1 - TMMK, Toyota Passenger Car * 4T3 - TMMK, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV) * 4T4 - Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Toyota Passenger Car ('07-'16) * 4TA - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('92-'00) * 5PV - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 5TB - TMMI, Toyota Truck * 5TD - TMMI, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV), Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 5TE - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('00-'10) * 5TF - TMMTX, Toyota Truck * 5YF - TMMMS, Toyota Passenger Car * 58A - TMMK, Lexus Passenger Car * 7H4 - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Truck * 7MU - Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 7SV - TMMTX, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) Other countries: * AHH - Hino South Africa, Hino vehicles * AHT - Toyota South Africa, Toyota vehicles * LFM - FAW Toyota (China), Toyota and Ranz vehicles * LVG - GAC Toyota (China), Toyota vehicles * MBJ - Toyota Kirloskar Motor (India), Toyota vehicles * MHF - PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia, Toyota vehicles * MHK - PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (Indonesia), Daihatsu and Toyota vehicles * MJE - PT Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia, Hino vehicles * MMK - Toyota Auto Works Co., Ltd. (Thailand), Toyota vehicles * MNK - Hino Motors Manufacturing Thailand, Hino Vehicles * MR0 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Ban Pho and Samrong plants, Toyota vehicles * MR1 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Samrong plant (Fortuner), Toyota vehicles * MR2 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Gateway plant, Toyota vehicles * NMT - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey (TMMT), Toyota vehicles * PN1 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * PN2 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * RKL - Kuozui Motors (Taiwan), Toyota vehicles * RL4 - Toyota Motor Vietnam, Toyota vehicles * SB1 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK (TMMUK), Toyota vehicles * TW1 - Toyota Caetano Portugal, Toyota vehicles * VNK - Toyota Motor Manufacturing France (TMMF), Toyota vehicles * WZ1 - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra) * XW7 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia (TMMR), Toyota vehicles * YAR - PSA/Stellantis, Toyota Van (ProAce, ProAce City, & ProAce Max) * YBC - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra - some European-market models) * 6T1 - Toyota Australia, Toyota Passenger Car * 7A4 - Toyota New Zealand, Toyota vehicles * 8AJ - Toyota Argentina, Toyota vehicles * 9BR - Toyota Brazil, Toyota vehicles {| class="wikitable" |+ !Plant Abbreviation !Plant Name !Notes |- |MTMUSA |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |Joint venture between Toyota and Mazda |- |NUMMI |New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. |Joint venture between GM and Toyota |- |TMMBC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Baja California | |- |TMMC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada | |- |TMMGT |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Guanajuato | |- |TMMI |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana | |- |TMMK |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky | |- |TMMMS |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi | |- |TMMTX |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas | |} == External links == Online [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Toyota Toyota VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:RT43-157714}} <references />Online [https://epicvin.com/vin-decoder/toyota Toyota Vin Lookup] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Car model, Toyota Vehicles- VinCheckUp |url=https://www.vincheckup.com/cars/toyota |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.vincheckup.com}}</ref> rwnmkmqiuzwgppfqv5q9fdlhgxci3rp 4673537 4673536 2026-10-01T20:13:21Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine Type 2010- */ 4673537 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- --> {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} For Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA, '19-'20 Toyota Yaris sedan, & '20 Toyota Yaris hatchback, see the Mazda VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Mazda/VIN Codes]]. For Scion FR-S/Toyota 86/Toyota GR86, see the Subaru VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Subaru/VIN Codes]]. ==VIN Format 2010-== Toyota has used the following VIN format since 2010 for North America: {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade]] |- |4 |K |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 2010-|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series|Series]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series & Drive Wheels|Series & Drive Wheels]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line & Make|Vehicle Line & Make]] |- |8 |A ||[[#Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style|Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Yaris ['10-'12], Corolla ['10-'19], Camry ['10-'19], Avalon ['10-'19], Mirai ['16-'20], Lexus HS ['10-'12], ES ['10-'19], IS ['10-'19],<br> GS ['10-'11, '13-'19], GS F ['16-'20], LS ['10-'19]) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus IS250 AWD '10-'15, IS300 AWD '16-'19, IS350 AWD '11-'19, GS350 AWD '10-'11, '13-'19, LS460 AWD '10-'17, LS500 AWD '18-'19, LS500h AWD '18-'19) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Scion tC '10) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD (Lexus LS460L AWD '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'16) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD (Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C/IS350C '10-'15) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD (Lexus LS460L '10-'17) |- |H |2DR Coupe 2WD (Lexus LFA '12, RC200t '16-'17, RC300 RWD '18-'19, RC350 '15-'19, RC F '15-'19, LC500 '18-'19, LC500h '18-'19) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris 3-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Scion tC '11-'16, Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13) |- |K |5DR Liftback or Hatchback 2WD (Yaris 5-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Lexus CT200h '11-'17, Prius C '12-'19, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Corolla Hatchback '19) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD (Prius '10-'22, Scion xD '10-'14, C-HR '18-'22) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension (Matrix Base model & S 2wd '10-'11, Matrix L & S 2wd '12-'13, Canada: Matrix '14) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD (Prius AWD-e '19-'22) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD w/IRS (Matrix S 4wd '10-'13) |- |M |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS (Matrix XRS - US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) |- |S |2DR Coupe 4WD (Lexus RC300 AWD '16-'19, RC350 AWD '15-'19) |- |U |5DR Wagon 4WD (Lexus UX250h '19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus UX200 '19) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Prius V 2012-2017 & 2018 in Canada) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |4DR Sedan (Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26) |- |A |5DR Hatchback (GR Corolla '23-'26, Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24, Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26) |- |A |Wagon (Crown Signia '25-'26) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES '26-) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Camry '25-'26) |- |Y |Wagon (Lexus UX300h 2wd '25-'26) |- |U |Wagon (Lexus UX300h Awd '25-'26) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'19, NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19,<br> NX300h '15-'19) |- |C |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '16-'21) |- |D |5DR Wagon extended length 4WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19, RX450hL '18-'19) |- |G |5DR Wagon extended length 2WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'15, Lexus LX570 '10-'11, '13-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19, NX300h '15-'16) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Scion xB '10-'15, Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'16) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |5DR Wagon (Toyota Venza '21-'24, Sequoia '23-'26, bZ4X '23-'25, Grand Highlander '24-'26, Land Cruiser '24-'26, C-HR EV '26-, Subaru Solterra '23-'25, Uncharted '26-, Lexus RZ450e '23-'25, RZ300e '24-'25, TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26, TX550h+ '24-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Toyota bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Solterra '26-, Trailseeker '26-, Lexus RZ450e '26-, RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26-) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Canadian-built Lexus RX350 [2wd/Awd] '23-'26, RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Japanese-built Lexus RX350 [2wd] '23-'26, RX450h+ '24-'26) |- |V |5DR Wagon (4Runner '25-'26) |- |6 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Hybrid '26-) |- |7 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid '26-) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |J |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |J |Tacoma XtraCab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |K |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2020- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |D |4DR Sedan (Corolla L '20-'22) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '20-'22, LE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |V |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Convenience Package '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Premium Package '20-'22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Corolla XLE '20-'22) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '23-'26, SE Nightshade '24, FX Edition '25, LE Hybrid '23-'26, XLE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Nightshade Hybrid '24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/man. trans. '20-'22, SE Apex Edition w/man. trans. '21-'22) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, SE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |P |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. & Premium Package '20-'26) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Corolla XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, XSE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/auto. trans. '20-'27, FX Edition '26) |- |A |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |C |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'27) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Camry L '20) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Camry LE '20-'24) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |R |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Camry XLE '20-'24) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Camry SE '20-'24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Camry TRD '20) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Camry XSE '20-'24, Camry TRD '21-'24) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE '20-'22, XLE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE [decontent package] '20-'22, XLE Hybrid [decontent package] '20-'22) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD '21) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD [decontent package] '21) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Avalon XSE '20, XSE Nightshade '21, XSE Hybrid '20-'21, XSE Nightshade Hybrid '22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Avalon TRD '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited '20-'22, Limited Hybrid '20-'22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22, Limited Hybrid w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD '21) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD w/Advanced Safety Package '21) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model], ES300h [base model] '20-'25, ES250 AWD [base model] '21-'24) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model w/Premium Package], ES300h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> ES250 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '21-'25, ES350, ES300h, ES250 AWD F Sport Design '23-'25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport '20-'22, ES250 AWD F Sport '21-'22, ES300h F Sport '22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport Black Line Special Edition '21) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling package '22, ES350 F Sport Handling '23-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Luxury, ES300h Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Luxury '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Ultra Luxury, ES300h Ultra Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '22-'25, ES300h F Sport Handling '23-25) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, IS300 AWD [base model] '20-'25, IS350 [base model] '20,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance [base model & Premium] '22-'25) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25 |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25,<br> IS350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 AWD [base model w/Luxury Package or Ultra-Luxury Package] Canada: '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS300 AWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS350 F Sport Design '23-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance Ultimate Edition '25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS300 AWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS350 F Sport '20-'26) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling Package '22) |- |U |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS500 F Sport Performance Launch Edition '22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 AWD [base model] '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 RWD [base model], GS350 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport Black Line '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model] '20-'25, LS500 Heritage Edition '26, LS500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'25, LS500 Inspiration Edition '20, LS500h [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'21,<br> LS500h '22-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Executive Package] '20-'25, LS500h [base model w/Executive Package] '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 F Sport '20-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model] '20-25, RC350 [base model] '20-'25, RC F [base model] '20-'24) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> RC350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC F [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'24) |- |G |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD F Sport '20-'25, RC300 AWD F Sport '20-'25, RC350 F Sport '20-'25) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F [base model w/Performance Package] '20, [base model w/Carbon Package] '21-'24) |- |Y |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Track Edition '20, RC F Fuji Speedway Edition '21-'22, RC F Track Edition '23-'24) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Final Edition '25) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model] '20-'21, LC500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |E |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21, LC500h [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26, LC500h [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'26, LC500h [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'25) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500 [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'26,<br> LC500h [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500h [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'25) |- |C |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Inspiration Edition '20-'22, '24, '26) |- |L |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Bespoke Build '22-'26, LC500h Bespoke Build '22-'25) |- |J |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model] '21) |- |K |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model w/Touring Package] '21) |- |M |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26) |- |G |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Inspiration Edition '21-'22, '24, '26) |- |N |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Bespoke Build - Canada only: '22-'23, US & Canada: '24-'26) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model] '20-'22, UX250h [base model] '20-'24) |- |P |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h Premium '23-'24) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 Luxury '20-'22, UX250h Luxury '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport '20-'22, UX250h F Sport '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX250h F Sport Design '23-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport Handling '23-'24) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sienna [base model V6] '11-'12, Sienna L '13-'20) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sequoia TRD Pro '20, Lexus GX460 [base model] '10-'19) |- |W |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |R |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |X |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '11-'20, SE Premium '15-'20) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '19-'20, SE Premium '19-'20) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20, Sienna CE, LE '10,<br> Sienna [base model I4] '11-'12, Sienna LE '11-'20) |- |N |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 SE '16-'18) |- |J |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, RAV4 SE '16-'18, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20,<br> Sienna LE '10-'20, Lexus GX460 Premium '10-'13, GX460 Luxury '14-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19,<br> Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19, Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |D |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19, Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19,<br> Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- | |'''Body Type & Grade''' |- |K |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE '21-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE '21-'26) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '23-'26, Sienna XSE 25th Anniversary Edition '23, Sienna XSE w/Premium Package '25) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE '21-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Sienna Limited '21-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sienna Platinum '21-'26) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross L '22-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE '22-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE w/Moonroof Package '22-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE w/Convenience Package '22-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross Hybrid S, SE, XSE '23-'26, Hybrid SE Nightshade '24-'25) |- |H |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd '19-'25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd '19-'25) |- |G |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |L |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |M |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |W |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 2wd '19-'25) |- |P |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 4wd '19-'25) |- |R |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |U |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Woodland Edition Hybrid 4wd '23-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 2wd '19-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 4wd '19-'25) |- |B |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium Hybrid 4wd '21-'25) |- |J |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Adventure 4wd '19-'24, RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '20) |- |S |5DR Wagon (RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |T |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [US- & Canadian-built] |- |1 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [Japanese-built] |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XSE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 2wd '19-'25) |- |N |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 4wd '19-'25) |- |D |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE 4wd '25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '25) |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE 4wd '25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Highlander L 2wd & Awd '20-'22) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE 2wd '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE Awd '20-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, Hybrid XLE '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE w/Navigation, Hybrid XLE w/Navigation '20-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Bronze Edition '22-'23) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited, Hybrid Limited 2wd '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited Awd '20-'22, Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'21) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid Platinum 2wd '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '20-'22) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE '21-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE w/Navigation & JBL Audio '21-'22) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander L, LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE 2wd & Awd '23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid LE Nightshade, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade 2wd & Awd '24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade, Hybrid Limited 25th Anniversary Edition Awd '25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum Awd, Hybrid XLE Awd '26) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE 2wd '23-'24) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE Awd '23-'24) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited 2wd '23-'24) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '23-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum 2wd '23-'24) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '23-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 2wd '21-'24) |- |M |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 4wd '21-'24) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |B |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '22) |- |T |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 2wd '22-'24) |- |S |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 4wd '22-'24) |- |F |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 2wd '21-'24) |- |N |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |U |5DR Wagon (4Runner 40th Anniversary Special Edition 4wd '23) |- |P |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |H |5DR Wagon (4Runner Venture Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |D |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 2wd '21-'24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 4wd '21-'24) |- |C |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |J |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |L |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Pro 4wd '21-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sequoia SR5 '21-'22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Sport '21-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Limited '21-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Nightshade Special Edition '21-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Platinum '21-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Pro '21-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model] '20-'21, NX300h [base model] '20-'21, NX250 [base model] '22-'25, NX350 [base model] '22-'26,<br> NX350h [base model] '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Comfort package] '20, NX300h [base model w/Comfort package] '20) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21, NX300h [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX300h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX250 Premium '22-'25, NX350 Premium '22-'26, NX350h Premium '22-'26) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 Luxury '20-'21, NX300h Luxury '20-'21, NX250 Luxury '22-'23, NX350 Luxury '22-'26, NX350h Luxury '22-'26, NX450h+ [base model] '22-'25, NX450h+ Premium '26-, NX450h+ Luxury '26-) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport '20-'21) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport w/Comfort package '20, NX300 F Sport w/Premium package '21, NX300h F Sport Black Line '21) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350 F Sport Handling '22-'26, NX450h+ F Sport Handling '22-'26, Canadian-built NX350h '26-) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350h [Japanese-built] '26-) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model] '20-'22, RX350L [base model] '20-'22, RX450h [base model] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model] '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22,<br> RX450h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450h [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport '20-'22, RX450h F Sport '20-'22) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX450h F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX350 F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22, RX450h F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model] '20-'23) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'23) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 Luxury '20-'23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '23) |- |V |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Luxury/Luxury+] '24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |- |T |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Premium/Premium+, Overtrail/Overtrail+] '24-'26) [Class F GVWR] |- |C |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model] '20-'21) |- |D |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |E |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model] '20-'21) |- |F |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |N |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 [2-row base model] '22-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Premium [3-row] '22-'26) |- |M |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 F Sport [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h F Sport [3-row] '25-'26) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Luxury [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h Luxury [3-row] '25-'26) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury [2-row] '22-'24) |- |W |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Overtrail [2/3-row] '25-'26) |- |U |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Ultra Luxury [2-row] '25-'26) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |R |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport Access Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |S |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |A |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('17-'23) |- |E |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |G |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |B |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |D |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd (Canada only: '16-'17) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('21-'23) |- |} LWB=Long Wheelbase {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |J |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |K |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |L |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |M |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |R |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |U |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |T |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |C |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |E |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |D |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |N |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'17) |- |P |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'17) |- |R |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '20-'21) |- |T |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |C |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |E |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra TRD Pro CrewMax LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '19-'21) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |G |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |A |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Grade=== {{center|'''Position 4 (2022- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |K |Tundra SR ('22-'26) |- |L |Tundra SR5 ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |J |Tundra Limited ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |1 |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) ('25-'26) |- |N |Tundra Platinum ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |M |Tundra 1794 Edition ('22-'26) |- |P |Tundra TRD Pro ('22-'26) |- |V |Tundra Capstone ('22-'26) |- |W |Tundra Limited w/Nightshade Package or TRD Off-Road Package, Platinum w/TRD Off-Road Package ('24-'26), SR5 w/TRD Rally Package ('25-'26) |- |Z |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) w/Nightshade Package ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type 2010-=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Highlander ('10-'19), Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 8AR-FTS engine.<br> Lexus NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21), IS200t ('16-'17), IS300 RWD ('18-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine. Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius (Two Eco, Three, Three Touring, Four, Four Touring trim levels) ('16-'18), Prius 2wd ('19-'22),<br> Corolla Hybrid ('21-'22). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 2 Front motors: 1NM (MG2), 1SM (MG1).<br> Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('20-'24). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Avalon Hybrid ('21-'22), Lexus ES300h ('21-'25). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Venza Hybrid ('21-'24). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Toyota Tundra SR5, Limited, Platinum, 1794 Edition ('22-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown XLE, Limited Hybrid Awd ('23-'26), Crown Nightshade Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26), Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26), Lexus TX350 ('24-'26),<br> 4Runner ('25-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) +<br> 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid 2wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('10-'11), Lexus HS250h ('10-'12). |- | B || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('10-'15). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius (Two trim level: '16-'18), (One trim level: '17-'18), Corolla Hybrid ('20). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('20-'26), Lexus RX350h Awd ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (205 hp).<br> Toyota Avalon Awd ('21). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) (detuned version - 348 or 358 hp). Toyota Tundra SR ('22-'26). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LX600 ('22-'26), GX550 ('24-'26). |- | B || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [Japanese-built] ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla [Japanese-built] ('26-). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus TX500h Awd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26), 4Runner i-Force Max 4wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (278 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR5, TRD PreRunner, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, & Limited w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h 2wd ('25-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h Awd ('10-'15), Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('11-'16). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('10-'11). |- | C || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tundra i-Force Max ('22-'26). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Hybrid 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX500h Awd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus TX550h+ Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [326 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, & TRD Pro] ('24). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown Signia Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [Total system hp: 323 hp on Trailhunter or 326 hp on all others]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, & TRD Pro] ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h 2wd ('26-). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus CT200h ('11-'17). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('12-'17), Avalon Hybrid ('13-'18). |- | D || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 1LM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius C ('12-'19). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp).<br> Lexus NX250 ('22-'25). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Corolla Hybrid Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine. Toyota Highlander ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Max Awd ('24-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (228 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | D || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LX700h ('25-'26). |- | D || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [UK-built] ('26-). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2wd ('26-). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla XRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12), Matrix S, XRS ('10-'13),<br> Scion tC ('10), Scion xB ('10-'15). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('10-'17), IS350C ('10-'15),<br> GS350 ('10-'11, '13-'15), RC350 ('15-'17). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (270 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR, TRD Sport, & TRD Off-Road w/man. trans. ('24-'26). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 2VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Fwd ('26-). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('10-'17), Scion tC ('11-'16), RAV4 ('10-'18). |- | F || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('10-'15), IS250C ('10-'15). |- | F || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('16). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Crown Platinum Hybrid Max Awd ('23-'26). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor) [323 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [Trailhunter] ('24). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus RX450h Awd ('16-'22), RX450hL Awd ('18-'22). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('17-'19). |- | G || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus NX350 ('22-'26). |- | G || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Awd ('26-). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 3ZR-FAE engine. Toyota C-HR ('18-'22). |- | H || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26). |- | J || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1NR-FE engine. Scion iQ ('12-'15). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus NX300h Awd ('15-'21), RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('16-'18). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('10-'18), Camry V6 ('10-'17), Highlander ('10-'16),<br> RAV4 ('10-'12), Sienna ('10-'16), Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), RX350 ('10-'15). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h Awd ('22-'26). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX450h+ Awd ('22-'26). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('10-'17), GS460 ('10-'11). |- | M || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12), Tundra ('10-'19), Lexus GX460 ('10-'23). |- | M || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine (detuned version - 255 hp).<br> Lexus IS300 AWD ('16-'17), RC300 AWD ('16-'17). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('10-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 5JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus SC430 ('10). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('10-'14), RC F ('15-'25), GS F ('16-'20), LC500 ('18-'26),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25). |- | P || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine.<br> Toyota Corolla sedan LE Eco ('14-'19), Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22). |- | R || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Sienna Hybrid 2wd ('21-'26). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('13-'18). |- | S || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sienna Hybrid Awd ('21-'26). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Tacoma ('10-'15), Tundra ('10). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24), FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Tundra ('11-'14). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Toyota Corolla sedan [except XRS & LE Eco] ('10-'19),<br> Matrix [base model] ('10-'13 & in Canada '14), Scion xD ('10-'14). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('10). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'18), Tundra ('10-'19). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus ES300h ('13-'18), NX300h 2wd ('15-'16). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Hybrid [all] ('19-'20), RAV4 Hybrid LE, XLE ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid Woodland Edition ('23-'25). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('10-'23), 4Runner 2wd ('10). |- | X || 4.8L || 72° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Engine co-developed by Yamaha. Toyota 1LR-GUE engine. Lexus LFA ('12). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22), Tundra ('10-'21),<br> Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21), Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21). |- | Y || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles.<br> Toyota 8GR-FXS engine + 2NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LC500h ('18-'25), LS500h ('18-'25). |- | Z || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine.<br> Lexus GS350 ('16-'20), RX350 ('16-'22), RX350L ('18-'22), IS350 ('18-'26), RC350 ('18-'25), ES350 ('19-'25),<br> Toyota Tacoma ('16-'23), Highlander ('17-'22), Sienna ('17-'20), Camry ('18-'24), Avalon ('19-'22). |- | 1 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp or <br> 202 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (L, LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('18-'20),<br> Camry (LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('21-'24), RAV4 ('19-'25), Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25). |- | 2 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (SE, XLE trim levels) ('18-'19),<br> Avalon Hybrid ('19-'20), Lexus ES300h ('19-'20). |- | 3 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (LE trim level) ('18-'19),<br> Camry Hybrid [all models] ('20-'24). |- | 3 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus UX200 2wd ('19-'22). |- | 4 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'22), Corolla sedan ('23-'26). |- | 5 || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LS500 ('18-'26). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (206 hp or <br> 205 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (XSE trim level) ('18-'24). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid XLE Premium, XSE, Limited ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid SE ('22-'25). |- | 6 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h 2wd ('23-'24). |- | 8 || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine (detuned version - 260 hp). Lexus IS300 AWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('18-'25). |- | 9 || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius AWD-e ('19-'22). |- | 9 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h Awd ('19-'24). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 2010-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | L || 41.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || M7M5 motor made by Tesla. Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14). |- | V || 12 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2KM motor. Scion iQ EV ('13). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Toyota bZ4X FWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1XM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota C-HR EV AWD ('26-), Subaru Uncharted Sport, GT AWD ('26-). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1YM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Toyota bZ4X AWD ('23-'25), Subaru Solterra AWD ('23-'25). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Lexus RZ300e FWD ('24-'25). |- | B || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted Premium FWD [Canada: FWD LR] ('26-). |- | C || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted FWD (Canada only: '26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited FWD ('26-), Lexus ES350e ('26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('26-). |- | C || 77 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ550e AWD ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited AWD ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT AWD ('26-),<br> Lexus ES500e ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Lexus RZ350e FWD ('26-). |- | E || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear). Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited AWD ('26-). |- | F || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE FWD ('26-). |- | G || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ Woodland AWD ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker AWD ('26-). |} ====Motor Type for Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | V || 1.6 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Hydrogen || Front || 4JM motor. Toyota Mirai ('16-'20). |- | A || 1.24 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Hydrogen || Rear || 3KM motor. Toyota Mirai ('21-'26). |} ===Restraint System=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description !Application |- |1 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus HS250h '10-'12, ES350 '10-'25,<br> ES250 AWD '21-'25, ES300h '13-'25,<br> ES350h '26-, ES350e '26-, ES500e '26-,<br> GS200t '16-'17, GS300 '18-'19,<br> GS350 '10-'11, '13-'20, GS460 '10-'11,<br> GS450h '10-'11, '13-'18, GS F '16-'20,<br> LS460 '10-'17 (Opt.), LS600hL '10-'12 (Opt.), LS600hL '13-'16, LS500 '18-'26, LS500h '18-'21,<br> RX350 '10-'15, RX450h '10-'15, IS250 '14-'15,<br> IS200t '16-'17, IS300 RWD '18-'25,<br> IS300 AWD '16-'25, IS350 '14-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance '22-'25,<br> Camry '12-'24, Avalon '13-'22 |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C, IS350C '10-'15 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '10-'12, Camry '10-'11, Prius '10-'15,<br> Prius V '12-'17 & '18 in Canada,<br> Scion tC '10,<br> Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada,<br> Highlander '10-'13, Sienna '11-'14 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag (Though not reflected in the VIN, a Front passenger seat cushion airbag is also standard.) |Sienna '15-'20 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 Prime '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '25 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for all rows |Corolla '10-'13,<br> Matrix '10-'13 & in Canada '14,<br> Yaris hatchback '10-'11, Yaris sedan '10-'12,<br> Scion xD '10-'12, Scion xB '10-'15,<br> Sienna '10, FJ Cruiser '10-'14,<br> Tacoma '10-'15 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for 1st 2 rows |RAV4 '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |4Runner '10-'26, Sequoia '10-'22,<br> Tundra '10-'26, Scion tC '11-'16,<br> Tacoma '16-'23, Tacoma Double Cab '24-'26,<br> Lexus LS460 '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'12, IS250/IS350 '10-'13, IS F '10-'14,<br> CT200h '11-'17, RC200t '16-'17,<br> RC300 RWD '18-'25, RC300 AWD '16-'25,<br> RC350 '15-'25, RC F '15-'25,<br> LC500 coupe '18-'26, LC500h '18-'25 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'21,<br> Lexus GX460 '10-'23, LX570 '10-'11, '13-'21, LX600 '22-'26, LX700h '25-'26 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Lexus LFA '12 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26, Camry '25-'26,<br> Crown Signia '25-'26, Sequoia '23-'26,<br> bZ4X '23-'25, bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-,<br> C-HR EV '26-,<br> Subaru Solterra '23-'26, Trailseeker '26-, Uncharted '26-,<br> Lexus RZ450e '23-'26, RZ300e '24-'25,<br> RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26- |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LC500 convertible '21-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Venza '21-'24, Grand Highlander '24-'26,<br> Lexus TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26,<br> TX550h+ '24-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Corolla Cross '22-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury '22-'24,<br> LX700h Ultra Luxury '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla '23-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24,<br> Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Tacoma XtraCab '24-'26 |- |B |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla Morizo Edition '23, GRMN Corolla '26- |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus NX250 '22-'25, NX350 '22-'26,<br> NX350h '22-'26, NX450h+ '22-'26 |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus GX550 '24-'25 |- |F |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Land Cruiser '24-'26 |- |J |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus UX200 '19-'22, UX250h '19-'24,<br> UX300h '25-'26 |- |K |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350L '18-'22, RX450hL '18-'22,<br> Sienna '21-'26 |- |L |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LS500 '18-'25 (Opt.), LS500h '18-'21 (Opt.), LS500h '22-'25 |- |M |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350 '16-'26, RX450h '16-'22,<br> RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26,<br> RX450h+ '24-'26, C-HR '18-'22, Corolla '21-'27, Prius '21-'22, Prius Prime '21-'22 |- |P |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Scion xD '13-'14 |- |R |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 '13-'25, RAV4 Hybrid '16-'26,<br> RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '26-,<br> Corolla '14-'20, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Highlander '14-'26, Prius '16-'20,<br> Prius Prime '17-'20, Mirai '16-'20,<br> Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'21,<br> NX300h '15-'21 |- |T |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Prius C '12-'19 |- |U |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Yaris hatchback '12-'18 & '19 in Canada |- |X |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags, and Rear Window airbag |Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13 |- |} ===Series=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Lexus LC500 ('18-'26) URZ100L, LC500h ('18-'25) GWZ100L |- |B |Scion TC ('10) ANT10L |- |B |Scion XD ('10-'14) ZSP110L |- |B |Lexus HS250h ('10-'12) ANF10L |- |B |Lexus CT200h ('11-'17) ZWA10L |- |B |Lexus LFA ('12) LFA10L |- |B |Scion iQ ('12-'15) NGJ10L, Scion iQ EV ('13) KPJ10L |- |B |Toyota Prius C ('12-'19) NHP10L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('13-'15) GRL10L, GS350 4wd ('13-'15) GRL15L |- |B |Lexus GS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & GS300 2wd ('18-'19) ARL10L, GS350 2wd ('16-'19) GRL12L, GS350 4wd ('16-'19) GRL16L, GS F ('16-'20) URL10L |- |B |Lexus GS450h ('13-'18) GWL10L |- |B |Lexus RC350 2wd ('15-'19) GSC10L, RC350 4wd ('15-'19) GSC15L, RC F ('15-'25) USC10L |- |B |Lexus RC200t 2wd ('16-'17) & RC300 2wd ('18-'19) ASC10L, RC300 4wd ('16-'19) GSC16L |- |B |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) JPD10L |- |B |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) ZGX10L |- |B |Toyota Corolla hatchback ('19-'27) MZEA12L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25) GSZ10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES300h ('19-'20) AXZH10L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Lexus UX200 ('19-'22) MZAA10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('23-'24) MZAH10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('19-'24) MZAH15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus IS250 2wd ('10-'13) GSE20L, IS250 4wd ('10-'13) GSE25L, IS350 2wd ('10-'13) GSE21L, IS350 4wd ('11-'13) GSE26L, IS F ('10-'14) USE20L |- |C |Lexus IS250C ('10-'15) GSE20L, IS350C ('10-'15) GSE21L |- |C |Scion TC ('11-'16) AGT20L |- |D |Toyota Avalon ('10-'12) GSX30L |- |D |Toyota Prius ('10-'15) ZVW30L |- |D |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15) ZVW35L |- |D |Toyota Yaris hatchback: NCP131L ('12-'18 & '19 in Canada) |- |D |Lexus IS250 2wd ('14-'15) GSE30L, IS250 4wd ('14-'15) GSE35L |- |D |Lexus IS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & IS300 2wd ('18-'19) ASE30L, IS300 4wd ('16-'19) GSE37L |- |D |Lexus IS350 2wd ('14-'19) GSE31L, IS350 4wd ('14-'19) GSE36L |- |E |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13) ZRE142L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12) AZE141L |- |E |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13 & in Canada '14) ZRE142L,<br> Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('10-'13) AZE141L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('10-'13) AZE144L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) AZE146L |- |E |Toyota Camry ('10-'11) I4: ASV40L, V6: GSV40L, Hybrid: AHV40L |- |E |Lexus ES350 ('10-'12) GSV40L |- |E |Lexus LS460 2wd ('10-'17) USF40L, LS460L 2wd ('10-'17) USF41L, LS460 4wd ('10-'17) USF45L, LS460L 4wd ('10-'17) USF46L |- |E |Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16) UVF46L |- |E |Lexus SC430 ('10) UZZ40L |- |E |Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada) ZVW41L |- |E |Toyota Avalon ('13-'18) V6: GSX40L, Hybrid: AVX40L |- |F |Toyota Camry ('12-'17) I4: ASV50L, V6: GSV50L, Hybrid: AVV50L |- |F |Toyota Prius ('16-'18) ZVW50L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, 2wd), ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd) |- |F |Toyota Prius ('19-'22) ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd), ZVW55L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22) ZVW52L (Lithium-ion Battery, PHEV, 2wd) |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('18-'19) VXFA50L, LS500 4wd ('18-'19) VXFA55L |- |F |Lexus LS500h 2wd ('18-'19) GVF50L, LS500h 4wd ('18-'19) GVF55L |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'22) V6: GSX50L (2wd) |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'20) Hybrid: AXXH50L (2wd) (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('13-'18) GSV60L |- |G |Lexus ES300h ('13-'18) AVV60L |- |H |Toyota Corolla sedan ('14-'19) ZRE172L |- |H |Toyota Camry ('18-'19) I4: AXVA70L, V6: GSV70L, Hybrid: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery), AXVH71L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |J |Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18) ZRE186L |- |K |Toyota Yaris - Hatchback: NCP91L ('10-'11), 4-d sedan: NCP93L ('10-'12) |- |K |Lexus GS350 2wd ('10-'11) GRS191L, GS350 4wd ('10-'11) GRS196L |- |K |Lexus GS460 ('10-'11) URS190L |- |K |Lexus GS450h ('10-'11) GWS191L |- |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ200L |- |A |Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ201L. In '20-'21, also denotes 4wd. |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |B |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('10-'14) GSJ10L (2wd), GSJ15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV10L (2wd), GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('16 [Canada only]) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX350 ('10-'15) GGL10L (2wd), GGL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX450h ('10-'15) GYL10L (2wd), GYL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX200t ('15-'17) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('18-'19) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300h - 2wd: AYZ10L ('15-'16), 4wd: AYZ15L ('15-'19) |- |B |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('16-'23) GRN310L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Sienna ('10) 2wd: GSL20L, 4wd: GSL25L |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) TRN220L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma X-Runner Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13 & '14 in Canada & '14-'15 in HI) GRN225L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Lexus RX350 ('16-'19) GGL20L (2wd), GGL25L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX350L ('18-'19) GGL21L (2wd), GGL26L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX450h - 2wd: GYL20L ('16), 4wd: GYL25L ('16-'19) |- |C |Lexus RX450hL 4wd: GYL26L ('18-'19) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada) I4: ASL30L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'20) V6: GSL30L (2wd), GSL35L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 ('10-'12) I4: ASA38L (2wd), ASA33L (4wd), V6: GSA38L (2wd), GSA33L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14) QEA38L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN330L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('10) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('11-'13) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) TRN240L (I4) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) TRN245L (I4), GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 ('13-'18) I4: ASA42L (2wd), ASA44L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'18) AVA44L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) TRN245L (I4) |- |F |Scion XB ('10-'15) AZE151L |- |F |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('10-'15) GRN250L (V6) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('10-'13) GSK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('14) GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('10) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('11-'13) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('14-'19) UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('10) USK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('11-'17) USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('18-'21) USK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('10) UPK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('11-'19) UPK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('10-'13) USK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('14-'17) USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('18-'21) USK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Lexus GX460 ('10-'19) URJ150L |- |F |Toyota Highlander ('14-'19) I4: ASU50L (2wd), V6: GSU50L (2wd), GSU55L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU58L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 ('19-'25) I4: AXAA52L (2wd), AXAA54L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid: ('19-'25) AXAH54L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd), ('21-'25) AXAL54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24) & RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25) AXAP54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12) 4.6L V8: UPK60L (2wd), UPK65L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('13-'20) 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('10) TRN260L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) TRN265L (I4), GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |H |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN270L (V6) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10) I4: TRN280L (2wd) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24) V6: GRN280L (2wd), GRN285L (4wd) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Series & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22) w/1.8L 2ZR-FAE engine: ZRE212L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 2wd: AXVA70L, V6 2wd: GSV70L, Hybrid 2wd: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Avalon ('21-'22) Hybrid: AXXH51L (2wd) (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) JPD20L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (Japan-built) |- |A |Toyota Crown ('23-'26) 2.5L Hybrid Awd: AZSH35L, 2.4L Turbo Hybrid Max Awd: TZSH35L |- |A |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Crown Signia ('25-'26) AZSH38L, Awd |- |A |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH11L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH21L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350e ('26-) XXZM21L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('20) ZWE211L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 Awd: AXVA75L |- |B |Lexus IS350 2wd ('20-'26) GSE31L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('20) GRL12L |- |B |Lexus RC300 2wd ('20-'25) ASC10L, RC350 2wd ('20-'25) GSC10L |- |B |Toyota Avalon ('21) I4 AWD: AXXA55L |- |B |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH65L, Awd |- |C |Toyota Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'26), FX Edition ('25) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA12L, 2wd |- |C |Lexus GS350 4wd ('20) GRL16L |- |C |Lexus ES300h ('21-'25) AXZH11L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |C |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24) & Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) MXWH61L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXVH80L |- |D |Lexus IS300 2wd ('20-'25) ASE30L, IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25) USE30L, 2wd |- |D |Lexus RC350 Awd ('20-'25) GSC15L |- |D |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('21-'22) ZWE213L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |D |Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25) AXZA15L, Awd |- |D |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (US-built) |- |D |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXVH85L |- |D |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH16L, Awd |- |D |Toyota GR Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (UK-built) |- |D |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH26L, Awd |- |D |Lexus ES500e ('26-) XXZM26L, Awd |- |E |Lexus IS350 Awd ('20-'26) GSE36L |- |E |Lexus RC300 Awd ('20-'25) GSC16L |- |E |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (Japan-built) |- |F |Lexus IS300 Awd ('20-'25) GSE37L |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('20-'25) VXFA50L, LS500h 2wd ('20-'21) GVF50L |- |F |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE219L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |G |Lexus LS500 Awd ('20-'26) VXFA55L, LS500h Awd ('20-'25) GVF55L |- |H |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE215L, Awd (Lithium-ion Battery) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 2wd: GSU70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('23-'25) I4 Turbo 2wd: TXUA70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'24) Hybrid 2wd: AXUH70L |- |A |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL20L (2wd) |- |A |Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) AXUH85L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH80L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |A |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA20L (2wd), NX350h ('26-) AAZH20L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) XEAM10L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus RZ450e ('23-'25) XEBM15L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TASA10L, Hybrid 2wd: AASH10L |- |A |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TJH250L |- |A |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TZNA50L |- |A |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL64L, Awd; RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-) AXAP64L, Awd |- |A |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-), Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 4wd: GSU75L |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('23-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TXUA75L |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus GX460 ('20-'23) URJ150L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK65L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH85L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26) MXGH15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA71L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH71L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |B |Toyota bZ4X (Early '23), Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |B |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e ('24-'25) XEBM10L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo Awd: TASA15L, Hybrid Awd: AASH15L, Hybrid Max Awd: TASH15L |- |B |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA15L (Awd), TX500h ('24-'26) TAUH15L (Awd) |- |B |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TZNA55L, i-Force MAX Hybrid 4wd: TZNH55L |- |B |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL62L, 2wd |- |B |Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM10L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Highlander ('20-'26) Hybrid 4wd: AXUH78L |- |C |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA72L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |C |Lexus LX600 ('22-'26) VJA310L (4wd), LX700h ('25-'26) VJH310L (4wd) |- |C |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA15L (Awd), RX350h ('23-'26) AALH15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus TX550h+ ('24-'26) GYU15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus RZ450e ('26-), RZ550e ('26-) XEBM25L, Awd |- |D |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ15L (Awd), NX300h ('20-'21) AYZ15L (Awd) |- |D |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL25L (Awd), RX450h ('20-'22) GYL25L (Awd) |- |D |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |D |Lexus GX550 ('24-'25) VJA252L, 4wd |- |D |Lexus RZ350e ('26-) XEBM20L, 2wd |- |E |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL21L (2wd) |- |E |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXLH40L |- |E |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA76L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH76L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |E |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA25L (Awd), NX350 ('22-'26) TAZA25L (Awd), NX350h ('22-'26) AAZH25L (Awd) |- |E |Lexus RX500h ('23-'26) TALH17L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota bZ ('26-) XEAM11L, 2wd |- |F |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL26L (Awd), RX450hL ('20-'22) GYL26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXLH45L |- |F |Lexus NX450h+ ('22-'26) AAZH26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5, TRD PreRunner XtraCab 2wd, SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab 2wd: TZNA40L (278 hp) |- |F |Toyota bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT ('26-) XEAM15L, Awd |- |G |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA77L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |G |Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26) AALH16L (Awd) |- |G |Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited ('26-) XEAM18L, Awd |- |H |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 2wd, SR Double Cab 2wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA41L (228 hp) |- |H |Toyota bZ Woodland ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker ('26-) XEAM17L, Awd |- |J |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5 XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/man. trans., SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited Double Cab 4wd: TZNA45L (278 hp w/auto. trans., 270 hp w/man. trans.) |- |K |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA46L (228 hp) |- |L |Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max Hybrid ('24-'26) TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, TRD Pro Double Cab 4wd: TZNH47L (326 total system hp [all except Trailhunter], 323 total system hp on Trailhunter) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Vehicle Line & Make=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Scion iQ, Toyota Scion iQ EV ('13) |- |1 |Toyota Tundra ('10-'21) |- |1 |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22) |- |1 |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25), ES250 AWD ('21-'25), ES300h ('19-'25) |- |1 |Lexus ES350h ('26-), ES350e ('26-), ES550e ('26-) |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS200t, IS300 RWD, IS300 AWD, IS350, IS F, IS 500 F Sport Performance, IS250C, IS350C |- |3 |Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12) |- |3 |Toyota Prius C |- |4 |Toyota Scion xD |- |5 |Toyota Grand Highlander, Grand Highlander Hybrid |- |6 |Lexus TX350, TX500h, TX550h+ |- |7 |Toyota Scion tC |- |A |Lexus HS250h |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350L, RX450h, RX450hL |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350h, RX500h, RX450h+ |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X, Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) |- |B |Toyota Avalon, Avalon Hybrid |- |B |Toyota bZ |- |B |Toyota bZ Woodland |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e, RZ350e, RZ450e, RZ550e |- |C |Toyota Sienna, Sienna Hybrid |- |C |Lexus RC200t, RC300 RWD, RC300 AWD, RC350, RC F |- |C |Subaru Solterra ('26-) |- |C |Subaru Trailseeker |- |D |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) |- |D |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-) |- |E |Toyota Corolla, GR Corolla, GRMN Corolla |- |E |Toyota Scion iM, Corolla iM |- |E |Toyota Matrix |- |E |Toyota Scion xB |- |E |Subaru Uncharted |- |F |Toyota FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |F |Lexus LS500, LS500h |- |F |Toyota Crown ('23-) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), ES300h ('13-'18) |- |G |Toyota Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid |- |H |Toyota Highlander, Highlander Hybrid |- |H |Lexus CT200h |- |H |Lexus LFA |- |H |Lexus UX200, UX250h, UX300h |- |H |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Full-size: '10-'11, '13-'21) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Mid-size: '24-'26) |- |J |Toyota Crown Signia |- |K |Toyota Camry, Camry Hybrid |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS450h ('13-'15) |- |L |Lexus GS200t, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('16-'17) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('18) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS F ('19) |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS F ('20) |- |N |Toyota Tacoma |- |P |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15), Prius Prime ('17-'22) |- |R |Toyota 4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS350, GS460, GS450h ('10-'11) |- |U |Toyota Prius, Prius V |- |U |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |- |V |Toyota RAV4, RAV4 Hybrid, RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26), RAV4 EV |- |X |Lexus GX460, GX550 |- |X |Lexus LX570, LX600, LX700h |- |X |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Y |Lexus LC500, LC500h |- |Z |Lexus NX200t, NX300, NX300h |- |Z |Lexus NX250, NX350, NX350h, NX450h+ |} ===Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2022- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |B |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 5.5 ft. Bed |- |C |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |D |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 8.1 ft. Bed |} ==VIN Format 1996-2009== Toyota has used the following VIN format from 1996-2009 for North America and since 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |5 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |D |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |H |MPV: [[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |Truck: [[#Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System|Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System]] |- |5 |F |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |8 |C ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |S |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo) |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo, Yaris, Corolla, Camry, Avalon, '01-'03 Prius, Lexus ES, IS, GS, LS) |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD ('96-'97 Paseo, '96-'98 Celica, '96 Camry coupe, '99-'08 Camry Solara, '96-'00 Lexus SC300/SC400) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus GS300 AWD '06, GS350 AWD '07-'09, LS460 AWD '09) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD ('96-'05 Celica, '96-'98 Supra, '05-'09 Scion tC) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD ('09 Lexus LS460L AWD, '08-'09 LS600hL) |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD ('96 Corolla wagon, '96 Camry wagon, '02-'05 Lexus IS300 SportCross) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD ('97 Paseo conv., '96-'99 Celica conv., '00-'08 Camry Solara conv., '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '02-'09 Lexus SC430) |- |G |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS ('09 Matrix XRS) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD ('07-'09 Lexus LS460L) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD ('07-'09 Yaris 3-door) |- |K |4DR Hatchback or 5DR Liftback 2WD ('04-'09 Prius, '09 Yaris 5-door) / 5DR Sedan 2WD ('03-'08 Matrix 2wd, Scion xA, xD) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension ('09 Matrix Base model & S 2wd) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD ('03-'06, '09 Matrix 4wd) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 Lexus GX470) |- |D |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'97 Previa, '98-'00 Sienna, '96-'05 RAV4, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '01-'07 Highlander,<br> '96-'02 4Runner) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'97 Previa All-Trac, '96-'05 RAV4, '01-'07 Highlander, '96-'02 4Runner, '96-'09 Land Cruiser, '99-'03 Lexus RX300,<br> '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '96-'97 Lexus LX450, '98-'07 LX470, '08-'09 LX570) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'06, '08-'09 Scion xB) |- |X |2DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Y |2DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD ('98-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia) |- |} ===Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {{center|'''All have hydraulic brakes.'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |Tundra Access Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |D |Tundra Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |E |Tundra Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |G |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |H |Tacoma Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |J |T100 Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98), Tundra Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |R |Tundra Access Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |S |Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('98-'04) |- |T |T100 XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |U |T100 XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |V |Tacoma XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |W |Tacoma XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |L |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |M |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |R |Tundra Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |B |Tundra Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |S |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |C |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |E |Tundra CrewMax LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |D |Tundra CrewMax LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Engine Type 1996-2009=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('96-'97). |- | A || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330 ('04-'06),<br> Camry Solara ('04-'08). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla, Celica ST ('96-'97). |- | B || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 3CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('04-'09). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('07-'09). |- | C || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada), Paseo ('96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('07-'09). |- | D || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 2JZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Supra ('96-'98), Lexus GS300 ('96-'05), SC300 ('96-'00), IS300 ('01-'05). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('01-'07), RAV4 ('04-'08). |- | E || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('96-'98). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('02-'09), Camry Solara ('02-'08), Scion tC ('05-'09),<br> Scion xB ('08-'09), Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS ('09). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('06-'09), GS350 ('07-'09). |- | E || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine. Toyota Venza, Highlander ('09). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('96-'03), Avalon ('96-'99), Sienna ('98-'00),<br> Lexus ES300 ('96-'98), Camry Solara ('99-'03). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry LE V6, XLE V6 ('04-'06), Avalon ('00-'04),<br> Highlander ('01-'03), Sienna ('01-'03), Lexus ES300 ('99-'03), RX300 ('99-'03). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('09). |- | G || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT ('96-'99), Camry ('96-'01), Camry Solara ('99-'01). |- | H || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400, SC400 ('96-'00), GS400 ('98-'00). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1AZ-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03). |- | H || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3GR-FSE engine. Lexus GS300 ('06). |- | J || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX450 ('96-'97). |- | J || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Lexus ES350 ('07-'09). |- | K || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('96-'97). |- | K || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 2CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('01-'03). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('05-'09), RAV4 ('06-'09), Camry V6, Sienna,<br> Lexus RX350 ('07-'09), Venza ('09). |- | K || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('06-'09). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('96-'04). |- | L || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus GS430 ('01-'05). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('07-'09), GS460 ('08-'09). |- | L || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Japanese-built Toyota Corolla ('09). |- | M || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'00), T100 ('96-'98). |- | N || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'02), T100 ('96-'98), Tundra ('00-'04). |- | N || 2.2L || I4 || CNG || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FNE engine. Toyota Camry ('00-'01). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS430 ('01-'06), SC430 ('02-'09), GS430 ('06-'07). |- | P || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('96-'00). |- | P || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('04-'07). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('08-'09). |- | R || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('00 & later). Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('98-'08), Celica GT, MR2 Spyder ('00-'05),<br> Matrix ('03-'08). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('08-'09). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'05), Toyota Tundra ('00-'04),<br> Sequoia ('01-'04), 4Runner, Lexus GX470 ('03-'04). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('06-'07), Toyota 4Runner, Sequoia, Tundra, Lexus GX470 ('05-'09). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Echo ('00-'05), Yaris ('07-'09), Scion xA, xB ('04-'06). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09), Tacoma, Tundra ('05-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Scion xD ('08-'09), US- & Canadian-built Toyota Corolla ('09),<br> Matrix ('09). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09). |- | V || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Tundra ('07-'09). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid ('06-'09), Lexus RX400h ('06-'08). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Tundra ('09). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('05-'09). |- | Y || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVTL-i. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('00-'05), Matrix XRS ('03-'06), Corolla XRS ('05-'06). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia, Land Cruiser, Lexus LX570 ('08-'09). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence, VVTL-i= Variable Valve Timing and Lift w/Intelligence, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 1996-2009==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | S || 27.4 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Electricity || Front || 1BM motor. Toyota RAV4 EV ('98-'03). |} ===Series 1996-2009=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('96-'97): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door ('96-'97) or wagon ('96) w/1.8L engine: AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('96-'97): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('96-'99): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry ('96) I4: SXV'''1'''0L, V6: MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 ('96) MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('96-'99) MCX'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Corolla ('98-'02) ZZE1'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Echo ('00-'05) NCP'''1'''2L |- |1 |Toyota Prius ('01-'03) NHW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) JCE'''1'''0L |- |1 |Scion TC ('05-'09) ANT1'''0'''L |- |1 |Scion XD ('08-'09) ZSP1'''1'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('96-'00) UCF'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Camry ('97-'01) I4: SXV'''2'''0L, V6: MCV'''2'''0L, CNG I4 ('00-'01): SXV'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Camry Solara - 2.2L I4 ('99-'01): SXV'''2'''0L, 2.4L I4 ('02-'03): ACV'''2'''0L, V6 ('99-'03): MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus ES300 ('97-'01) MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Avalon ('00-'04) MCX'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Prius ('04-'09) NHW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus IS250 2wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''0L, IS250 4wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''5L, IS350 ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''1L, IS F ('08-'09) USE'''2'''0L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('96-'00) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('96-'00) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Celica - GT w/1ZZ-FE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''0L, GT-S w/2ZZ-GE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) ZZW'''3'''0L |- |3 |Lexus LS430 ('01-'06) UCF'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Camry ('02-'06) I4: ACV'''3'''0L, 3.0L V6: MCV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 SE V6): MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Camry Solara ('04-'08) I4 : ACV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6: MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus ES300 ('02-'03) MCV'''3'''0L, ES330 ('04-'06) MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Corolla w/1ZZ-FE engine ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''0L, Corolla XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('05-'06) ZZE1'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 2wd ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''2L, Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 4wd ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''3L |- |3 |Toyota Avalon ('05-'09) GSX'''3'''0L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('96-'97) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |4 |Lexus SC430 ('02-'09) UZZ'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Camry ('07-'09) I4: ACV'''4'''0L, V6: GSV'''4'''0L, Hybrid: AHV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus ES350 ('07-'09) GSV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''0L, LS460L 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''1L |- |4 |Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09) UVF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''5L, LS460L 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''6L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel (US: '96-'98, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''3L |- |5 |Toyota Paseo (US: '96-'97, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''4L |- |6 |Lexus GS300 ('98-'05) JZS1'''6'''0L, GS400 ('98-'00) UZS1'''6'''0L, GS430 ('01-'05) UZS1'''6'''1L |- |6 |Scion XA ('04-'06) NCP'''6'''1L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('96-'98) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Yaris ('07-'09) Hatchback: NCP'''9'''1L, 4-d sedan: NCP'''9'''3L |- |9 |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''0L, GS300 4wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''5L |- |9 |Lexus GS350 2wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''1L, GS350 4wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''6L |- |9 |Lexus GS430 ('06-'07) UZS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS460 ('08-'09) URS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS450h ('07-'09) GWS1'''9'''1L |- |} CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('98-'07), Lexus LX470 ('98-'07) UZJ1'''0'''0L |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''0L |- |0 |Lexus LX570 ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('96-'97) TCR'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 2wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''5L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''6L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 4wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''0L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 EV 2wd ('98-'03) 4-door: BEA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Sienna ('98-'03) MCL'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03) MCU'''1'''0L (2wd), MCU'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09) V6: GRN2'''1'''0L (2wd), GRN2'''1'''5L (4wd), V8: UZN2'''1'''0L (2wd), UZN2'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('07-'09) GSJ'''1'''0L (2wd), GSJ'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota Venza 2wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''0L, V6: GGV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Venza 4wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''5L, V6: GGV'''1'''5L |- |1 |Toyota T100 I4 2wd ('96-'98) RCK'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota T100 V6 2wd ('96-'98) VCK'''1'''1L |- |2 |Toyota T100 V6 4wd ('96-'98) VCK'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('96-'97) TCR'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03) ACA'''2'''6L (2wd), ACA'''2'''1L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('04-'05) ACA'''2'''8L (2wd), ACA'''2'''3L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('04-'06) 2wd: MCL'''2'''0L, 4wd: MCL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('07-'09) 2wd: GSL'''2'''0L, 4wd: GSL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 2wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''0L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''0L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''3L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 4wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''5L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''5L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''8L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''8L |- |2 |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) UZJ1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''0L (I4) |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''5L (I4), GRN2'''2'''5L (V6) |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 2wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''3'''0L, '05-'06 4.0L V6: GSK'''3'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 2wd ('04-'06) UCK'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Sequoia ('01-'07) UCK'''3'''5L (2wd), UCK'''4'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Scion XB ('04-'06) NCP'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus RX330 ('04-'06) MCU'''3'''3L (2wd), MCU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX350 ('07-'09) GSU'''3'''0L (2wd), GSU'''3'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX400h ('06-'08) MHU'''3'''3L (2wd), MHU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('06-'08) I4: ACA'''3'''8L (2wd), ACA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('09) I4: ASA'''3'''8L (2wd), ASA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''5L (I4), GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 4wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''4'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 4wd ('04-'06) UCK'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('08) 2wd: GSU'''4'''0L, 4wd: GSU'''4'''5L, Hybrid 4wd: MHU'''4'''8L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('09) I4: ASU'''4'''0L (2wd), V6: GSU'''4'''0L (2wd), GSU'''4'''5L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU'''4'''8L (4wd) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''5'''0L (2.4L I4), VZN1'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('07-'09) GSK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Scion XB ('08-'09) AZE1'''5'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''6'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''0L (I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''5L (I4), GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Sequoia ('08-'09) 4.7L V8: UCK'''6'''0L (2wd), UCK'''6'''5L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK'''6'''0L (2wd), USK'''6'''5L (4wd) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''7'''1L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab 4wd ('01-'04) VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''7'''0L (V6) |- |8 |Toyota 4Runner - '96-'00 I4: RZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), RZN1'''8'''5L (4wd), '96-'02 V6: VZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), VZN1'''8'''5L (4wd) |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('96-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab [2wd] ('99-'04) RZN1'''9'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab [2wd] ('98-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab [2wd] ('01-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America)<br> Note: Toyota/Lexus VINs before 2010 do not reflect if the vehicle has rear-seat side airbags. Some Lexus ES, GS, & LS models are so equipped. !Code !Description !Application |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags |Tercel '96-'98, Corolla '96-'08, Camry '96-'06, Avalon '96-'97, Paseo '96-'97, Celica '96-'05,<br> Supra '96-'98, Camry Solara '99-'03, Echo '00-'05, MR2 Spyder '00-'05, Prius '01-'06,<br> Matrix '03-'08, Yaris '07-'08, Scion xA '04-'06, Lexus ES300 '96-'97, GS300 '96-'97, LS400 '96,<br> SC300/SC400 '96-'00 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '07-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '05-'09, Camry '07-'09, Scion tC '05-'07 (Opt.), Scion tC '08-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LS430 '04-'06, LS460 '07-'09, LS600hL '08-'09, GS300 '06, GS350 '07-'09,<br> GS430 '06-'07, GS460 '08-'09, GS450h '07-'09, IS250/IS350 '06-'09, IS F '08-'09,<br> ES350 '07-'09 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Scion tC '05-'07 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Side Airbags |Corolla '98-'04 (Opt.), Camry '98-'01 (Opt.), Avalon '98-'04, Camry Solara '99-'03 (Opt.),<br> Camry Solara coupe '04-'06, Camry Solara convertible '04-'08, Celica '00-'05 (Opt.),<br> Echo '01-'05 (Opt.), Prius '01-'03 (Opt.), Matrix '03-'04 (Opt.), Lexus LS400 '97-'00,<br> ES300 '98-'01, GS300/GS400 '98-'00, IS300 '01, SC430 '02-'06 |- |9 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front-seat Side Curtain Airbags |Lexus GS300/GS430 '01-'05, IS300 '02-'05 |- |0 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Camry '02-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '04-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '07-'08,<br> Prius '04-'06 (Opt.), Prius '07-'09, Corolla '05-'08 (Opt.), Corolla '09, Matrix '05-'08 (Opt.), Matrix '09, Yaris '07-'08 (Opt.), Yaris '09, Scion xA '04-'06 (Opt.), Scion xD '08-'09, Lexus LS430 '01-'03, ES300 '02-'03, ES330 '04-'06 |- |} ===Grade=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |RAV4 ('96-'05), Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), GX470 ('03-'09), LX470 ('98-'07), LX570 ('08-'09), Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |1 |T100 [Base model] ('96-'98), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander/Highlander Hybrid [Base model] ('08-'09), RAV4 Limited 2-row ('06-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09), Venza ('09), Lexus RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09), RX400h ('06-'08) |- |2 |Previa DX ('96-'97), Tacoma [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('98-'00), Tacoma ('01-'09), T100 DX ('96-'98), Tundra [Base model] ('00-'09),<br> Sienna XLE ('04-'09), Sienna XLE Limited ('04-'05), Sienna Limited ('06-'09), Scion xB w/auto. trans. ('04-'06), RAV4 Sport 2-row ('06-'09),<br> Highlander Limited ('08-'09) |- |3 |Previa LE ('96-'97), Sienna LE, XLE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [US market] ('04-'09), Sienna LE ('04-'09), Scion xB w/man. trans. ('04-'06),<br> RAV4 [Base model, 2-row] ('06-'09), Highlander Sport ('08-'09) |- |4 |4Runner [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('96-'97), Tacoma Limited ('98-'00), T100 SR5 ('96-'98), Tundra SR5 ('00-'09), Sequoia SR5 ('01-'09),<br> 4Runner SR5, Sport ('03-'09), RAV4 Limited 3-row ('06-'09), Highlander Hybrid Limited ('08-'09) |- |5 |Land Cruiser ('96-'09), RAV4 [Base model, 3-row] ('06-'09) |- |6 |4Runner SR5 ('96-'02) |- |7 |4Runner Limited ('96-'09), Sequoia Platinum ('08-'09) |- |8 |Lexus LX450 ('96-'97), Tundra Limited ('00-'09), Sequoia Limited ('01-'09) |- |9 |Sienna CE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [Canadian market] ('04-'09) |} ===Vehicle Line=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra |- |2 |Lexus IS300 |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS350, IS F |- |3 |Echo / Yaris |- |4 |Scion xA / Scion xD |- |4 |Scion xB ('04-'06) |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Supra |- |A |Highlander |- |A |Sequoia |- |A |Venza |- |B |Avalon |- |C |Sienna |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix |- |E |Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS400 |- |F |Lexus LS430 |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |G |Lexus ES300, ES330, ES350 |- |H |Paseo |- |J |Land Cruiser |- |J |Lexus LX450 |- |K |Camry |- |L |Tercel |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS300, GS350 |- |S |Lexus GS430, GS460 |- |S |Lexus GS450h |- |T |Celica |- |U |Prius |- |U |Lexus RX300 |- |U |Lexus RX330, RX350, RX400h |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |Lexus LX470, LX570 |- |X |Lexus GS400 |- |X |Lexus GX470 |- |Y |RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |Y |Lexus SC400 |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Z |Lexus SC300 |- |} ==VIN Format 1981-1995== For vehicles prior to model year 1996 for North America and 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |V |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |N |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |1 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |3 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |G ||[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System]] |- |9 |3 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |R |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |5 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |6 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |2 |- |14 |2 |- |15 |2 |- |16 |1 |- |17 |7 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |3 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |J |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |4 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |V ||[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |D |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Drivetrain Type|Drivetrain Type]] |- |7 |2 |[[#Cab Type & Chassis|Cab Type & Chassis]] |- |8 |P ||[[#Series (Grade) & Brake System|Series (Grade) & Brake System]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} ===Engine Type 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3A-C engine. Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82), Tercel ('83-'86), Tercel wagon ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('83), Corolla Sport DX, SR5 ('84-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GELC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 ('85-'89), Corolla FX-16 ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GEC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GZE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89) |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla GT-S ('88-'91). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-F engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'89). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'95), Celica ST ('90-'93). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FE engine. Toyota Previa ('91-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('94-'95). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'85). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('84-'85). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('86). |- | D || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('93-'95). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || 1-bbl carb. Toyota 3E engine. Toyota Tercel ('87-'90). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3E-E engine. Toyota Tercel ('90-'94). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('95), Paseo ('92-'95). |- | F || 4.2L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || 2-bbl. Carb. Toyota 2F engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('81-'87). |- | F || 4.0L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3F-E engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('88-'92). |- | G || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('94-'95), Avalon ('95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2JZ-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('93-'95), Lexus SC300 ('92-'95), GS300 ('93-'95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('93-'95). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4K-C engine. Toyota Starlet ('81-'82). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4K-E engine. Toyota Starlet ('83-'84). |- | L || 2.2L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota L engine. Toyota Pickup ('81-'83). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L engine. Toyota Pickup ('84-'85). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L-T engine. Toyota Pickup ('85). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-E engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('81), Cressida ('81-'82). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-GE engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86), Cressida ('83-'88). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92), Cressida ('89-'92). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('87-'92). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 22R engine. Toyota Celica, Corona ('81-'82), Pickup ('81-'90), 4Runner ('84). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-E (EC for CA emissions version) engine.<br> Toyota Celica ('83-'85), Pickup ('84-'95), 4Runner ('85-'95). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-TE (TEC for CA emissions version) engine. Toyota Pickup ('85-'88), 4Runner ('86-'87). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 2S-ELC engine. Toyota Camry ('83-'86), Celica ST/GT ('86). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GELC engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('86-'89). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota Celica ST/GT ('87-'89), Camry ('87-'91). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GTE engine.<br> Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93), MR2 Turbo ('91-'95). |- | S || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT/GT-S ('90-'93), Celica GT ('94-'95), MR2 ('91-'95), Camry ('92-'95). |- | T || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3T-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('81-'82). |- | U || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400 ('90-'95), SC400 ('92-'95). |- | U || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('95). |- | U || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('94-'95). |- | V || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('88-'91), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-E engine. Toyota 4Runner, Pickup ('88-'95), T100 ('93-'94). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('92-'93). |- | V || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('95). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 3Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('84-'85). |- | Y || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('86-'89). |} ===Vehicle Line 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Celica rwd ('81-'85) |- |A |Celica Supra ('81-'86) |- |A |Supra ('86 1/2-'95) |- |B |Avalon ('95) |- |C |Previa ('91-'95) |- |D |T100 ('93-'95) |- |E |Corolla ('81-'95) |- |F |Lexus LS400 ('90-'95) |- |J |Land Cruiser ('81-'95) |- |K |Camry ('92-'95) |- |K |Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |L |Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) |- |L |Tercel ('83-'95) |- |L |Paseo ('92-'95) |- |N |Pickup (compact pickup & chassis cab '81-'95) |- |N |Tacoma ('95 1/2) |- |N |4Runner ('84-'95) |- |P |Starlet ('81-'84) |- |R |Van ('84-'89) |- |S |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |T |Corona ('81-'82) |- |T |Celica fwd or awd ('86-'95) |- |V |Camry ('83-'91) |- |V |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |- |W |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95) |- |X |Cressida ('81-'92) |- |Z |Lexus SC300, SC400 ('92-'95) |- |} ===Model Designation=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door or wagon w/1.8L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('94-'95): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('94-'95): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - Gas I4 ('83-'86): SV'''1'''1L, 1.8L Turbodiesel I4 [1C-TLC] ('84-'85): CV'''1'''0L, 2.0L Turbodiesel I4 [2C-TLC] ('86): CV'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota MR2 ('85-'89) AW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus LS400 ('90-'94) UCF'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - I4 ('92-'95): SXV'''1'''0L, V6 w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, V6 w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 - w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('95) MCX'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) AL12L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |2 |Toyota Camry sedan - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1L, I4 All-Trac 4WD ('88-'91): SV'''2'''5L, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Camry wagon - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1LG, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1LG |- |2 |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota MR2 ('91-'95) Base model w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: SW'''2'''1L, Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: SW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('95) UCF'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Corona ('81-'82) RT1'''3'''5L |- |3 |Toyota Tercel hatchback ('83-'86) AL21L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel wagon - 2wd: ('84-'87) AL21LG, 4wd: ('83-'88) AL25LG (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel coupe & hatchback ('87-'90) EL'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('92-'95) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('92-'95) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Celica ('81) RA'''4'''3L |- |4 |Toyota Celica Supra ('81) MA'''4'''7L |- |4 |Toyota Tercel ('91-'94) EL'''4'''2L |- |4 |Toyota Paseo ('92-'95) EL'''4'''4L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel ('95) EL'''5'''3L |- |6 |Toyota Starlet ('81-'84) KP'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Cressida - sedan w/solid (live) rear axle ('81-'82): MX'''6'''2L, sedan w/IRS ('83-'84): MX'''6'''3L, wagon ('81-'84): MX'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/22R engine ('82): RA'''6'''4L, ST & GT w/22R-E/EC engine & solid (live) rear axle ('83-'85): RA'''6'''4L,<br> GT-S w/22R-E/EC engine & IRS ('83-'85): RA'''6'''5L |- |6 |Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86) MA'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/2S-ELC engine ('86): ST1'''6'''1L, ST & GT w/3S-FE engine ('87-'89): ST1'''6'''2L, GT-S w/3S-GELC engine ('86-'89): ST1'''6'''2L,<br> All-Trac Turbo w/3S-GTE engine ('88): ST1'''6'''5L |- |7 |Toyota Corolla - w/1.8L OHV 3T-C engine ('81-'82): TE'''7'''2L, w/1.6L SOHC 4A-C engine ('83): AE'''7'''1L |- |7 |Toyota Cressida - sedan ('85-'88): MX'''7'''3L, wagon ('85-'87): MX'''7'''2LG |- |7 |Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92) MA'''7'''0L |- |8 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd, gas-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Fwd, diesel-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'85): CE'''8'''0L, Corolla FX/FX-16 Fwd 3-door hatchback ('87-'88): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Corolla Sport - Rwd, gas-powered 2-door coupe & 3-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''6L |- |8 |Toyota Cressida ('89-'92) MX'''8'''3L |- |8 |Toyota Celica ('90-'93) - ST w/1.6L 4A-FE engine: AT1'''8'''0L, GT & GT-S w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: ST1'''8'''4L, All-Trac Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: ST1'''8'''5L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('93-'95) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd 2-door coupe, 4-door sedan, & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''2L, All-Trac 4wd 4-door sedan ('89-'90) & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''5L |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('91-'95) TCR'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Van - w/2.0L 3Y-EC engine ('84-'85): YR'''2'''1LG, w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 2wd ('86-'89): YR'''2'''2LG |- |2 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 2wd ('90-'91): RN1'''2'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 2wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('91-'95) TCR'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Van w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 4wd ('87-'89): YR'''3'''1LG |- |3 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 4wd ('90-'95): RN1'''3'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 4wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Land Cruiser 40 Series 2-door Hardtop ('81-'83) FJ'''4'''0LV |- |6 |Toyota Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - w/2F engine: FJ'''6'''0LG ('81-'87), w/3F-E engine ('88-'90): FJ'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota 4Runner 4wd - I4: RN'''6'''0LG ('84-'85), RN'''6'''1LG ('86-'89), V6 ('88-'89): VZN'''6'''1LG |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser - w/3F-E engine ('91-'92): FJ'''8'''0L, w/1FZ-FE engine ('93-'95) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |} ===Drivetrain Type=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |4wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95) |- |0 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '95 |- |1 |4wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95) |- |1 |2wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |4wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |2wd (Cargo Van) '84-'89 |- |3 |4wd (Cargo Van) '87-'89 |- |4 |2wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |5 |2wd (Pickup, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version) '84-'88 |- |5 |2wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |6 |4wd (Pickup '84-'88, 4Runner - truck version '84-'89, Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |6 |4wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |6 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '84-'85, '87-'89 |- |7 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab - Extra LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |2wd (Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |4wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |8 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '91-'93 |- |8 |2wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version '89-'93) |- |9 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '89-'93) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Series (Grade)=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Supra [base model] ('86 1/2-'92), Corolla LE ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95), Avalon XL ('95) Lexus SC400 ('92-'95) |- |1 |Starlet ('81-'84), Corolla Tercel [base model] ('81-'82), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d/4-d ('82), Tercel [base model] ('83-'89), Tercel EZ ('87),<br> Tercel [base model w/carbureted engine] ('90), Corolla [base model] ('81-'83), Camry [base model] ('87), Camry DX ('87-'95), Supra Turbo ('87-'92),<br> Corolla [base model] ('90-'92), MR2 [base model] ('91-'95), Supra [base model] ('93-'95), Avalon XLS ('95), Lexus LS400 ('90-'94), SC300 ('92-'95) |- |2 |Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d ('81), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 3-d ('81-'82), Tercel Deluxe ('83-'89), Tercel Deluxe w/carbureted engine ('90), Corolla DX ('81-'83),<br> Corolla SR5 ('83), Corolla DX 4-d sedan/5-d hatch ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('88-'89), Corona Deluxe ('81-'82),<br> Cressida ('81-'82), Cressida wagon ('83-'87), Camry DX ('83-'85), Camry DX w/gasoline engine ('86), Camry LE ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('87-'89),<br> MR2 Turbo ('91-'95), Supra Turbo ('93-'95), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91), LS400 ('95) |- |3 |Celica ST ('81-'86), Cressida sedan ('83-'92), Corolla LE ('84-'89), Camry DX turbodiesel ('86), Tercel [base model w/fuel injected engine] ('90),<br> Tercel DX ('91-'94), Camry XLE ('92-'95), Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |4 |Celica GT ('81-'86), Corolla LE Limited ('85-'86), Camry [base model] ('88-'91), Corolla DX All-Trac wagon ('88-'92), Corolla DX All-Trac sedan ('89-'90), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('90-'92), Tercel Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('90), Tercel LE ('91-'93), Camry SE ('92-'95), Corolla [base model] ('93-'95) |- |5 |Corolla SR5 ('81-'82), Corolla Sport [DX] ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('88-'89), Celica GT-S ('83-'93), Tercel SR5 ('83-'88), MR2 [base model] ('85-'89),<br> Paseo ('92-'95), Tercel [base model] ('95) |- |6 |Corona Luxury Edition ('81-'82), Camry LE ('83-'86), Corolla Sport SR5 ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 All-Trac wagon ('88-'90), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('90-'91),<br> Celica ST ('87-'93), MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89), Tercel EZ ('88-'90), Tercel [base model] ('91-'94), Tercel DX ('95) |- |7 |Celica Supra ('81-'86), Corolla FX16 ('87-'88), Celica GT coupe/liftback ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('91-'93, '95), Corolla LE ('90-'92),<br> Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |8 |Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87), Corolla GT-S Coupe ('88-'91), Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93) |- |9 |Corolla FX16 GT-S ('87-'88), Corolla DX ('93-'95) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Land Cruiser 40 Series ('81-'83), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('81-'87), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('91-'92) |- |1 |Previa DX ('91-'95), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('93-'95) |- |2 |Van Deluxe ('84-'89), 4Runner Deluxe ('85), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('88-'90), Previa LE ('91-'95) |- |3 |4Runner Deluxe ('86, '88-'89), Previa DX S/C ('95) |- |4 |4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('86-'87, '89), Previa LE S/C ('94-'95) |- |5 |4Runner SR5 ('84-'85) |- |6 |Van LE ('84-'89), 4Runner SR5 V6 ('88-'89) |- |7 |4Runner SR5 Turbo ('86-'87), 4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('90-'95) |- |9 |4Runner SR5 V6 ('90-'95) |} ===Cab Type & Chassis=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 (when following 5 or 6 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |0 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in.] (Pickup '86-'88) |- |0 |Wagon [4DR], long wheelbase (Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (T100 '93-'94) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, 4-cyl. (T100 '95) |- |1 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '84-'85) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |2 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '86-'89) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in. for 4x2, 121.9 in. for 4x4], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |4 |Panel van, 4-link rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 4wd '87-'89) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |5 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 5 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '86-'88) |- |6 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |7 |Van (Cargo Van '84-'85) |- |7 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |8 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |8 |Panel van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 2wd '86-'89) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is R) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbo gas engine (Pickup '85-'86) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is L) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |9 |Glass van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Window Van '86-'89) |} IFS= Independent Front Suspension ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Application !Restraint System |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '81-'89, MR2 '85-'89) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Sport Coupe '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback (Corolla Sport '84-'86 & in Canada '87) |Manual Belts |- |C |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR coupe (Tercel '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'89, Corona '81-'82, Camry '83-'86) |Manual Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '89) |Manual Belts |- |G |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd <br>(Starlet '81-'84, Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Tercel '83-'89, Tercel EZ '89 [some],<br> Corolla FX/FX16 '87-'88) |Manual Belts |- |H |5DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Camry '83-'86, Tercel '83-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] (MR2 '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '81-'89, Celica Supra '81-'86, Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Liftback '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |L |5DR hatchback 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '88) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR hardtop (Corolla [Sports] Hardtop '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR coupe (Corolla Sport '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Tercel '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83, '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 4wd (Tercel '83-'88) |Manual Belts |- |Z |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Tercel EZ '88 [all], '89 [some]) |Manual Belts |- |A |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '90-'92, Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |B |2DR sedan (Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Cressida '81-'92, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |F |2DR coupe (Tercel '90, Paseo '92) |Automatic Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90) |Automatic Belts |- |J |4DR sedan 4wd (Camry All-Trac '88-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |J |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '90-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |K |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |M |3DR liftback (Tercel '90) |Automatic Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Cressida '81-'87, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |S |2DR sedan (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |T |4DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |U |2DR coupe (Paseo '93-'95) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |C |2DR coupe (Lexus SC300/SC400 '92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '90-'92, Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |P |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES250 '90-'91, ES300 '92-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |B |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Lexus SC300/SC400 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '93-'95, GS300 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95, Avalon '95, Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES300 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |} '''Incomplete Passenger Cars - Body Type & Brake System''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type & Application !Brake System |- |K |2DR convertible (Celica '84-'85, '87-'89, '91-'93, '95) |Hydraulic Brakes |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !VIN Code !Description |- |C |Hardtop [2DR] ('81-'83 Land Cruiser 40 Series) |- |G |Wagon [4DR] ('81-'90 Land Cruiser 60 Series) |- |J |2DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'91 4Runner) |- |R |4DR Wagon 2WD ('91-'95 Previa) |- |S |4DR Wagon 4WD ('91-'95 Previa All-Trac) |- |V |Van ('84-'85 Van) |- |V |4DR Wagon 2WD ('90-'95 4Runner) |- |W |Wagon ('84-'89 4Runner, '86-'89 Van) |- |W |4DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'95 4Runner, '91-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |} ===Series (Grade) & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America) |+'''All have hydraulic brakes.''' !VIN Code !Description |- |A |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('88, '90-'95), T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('93), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('94) |- |B |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] Turbo ('86-'87), T100 [base model] One Ton ('93), T100 DX One Ton ('94), Tacoma [base model] 2.4L 2wd ('95) |- |C |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] V6 ('88), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('93-'94), Tacoma [base model] 2.7L 4wd ('95) |- |D |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/carbureted gas engine ('84-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/diesel engine ('84-'85),<br> Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('91-'95), 4Runner - truck version [base model] ('84-'86), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe ('87-'89),<br> T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton 4-cyl. ('94-'95) |- |E |Pickup 3/4 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('85-'88), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |F |Tacoma V6 [base model] ('95), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |G |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 Turbo ('85-'88), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('89-'95), T100 DX One Ton ('95) |- |H |T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('95) |- |K |Tacoma SR5 V6 ('95) |- |M |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('88), 4Runner - truck version SR5 V6 ('88) |- |N |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('88), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [V6] ('89-'92), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe V6 ('89) |- |P |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe 4-cyl. ('91-'95) |- |R |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'90), Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84),<br> Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85-'90) |- |S |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 2wd w/fuel injected engine ('84), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 4wd w/carbureted engine ('84),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), 4Runner - truck version SR5 [4-cyl.] ('87-'88) |- |T |Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'93) |- |U |Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'88) |- |V |Van [Cargo van version] ('84-'89), Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - truck version ('87) |- |} ==VIN positions== ===Country of origin=== Position 1 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |1 |USA |- |2 |Canada |- |3 |Mexico |- |4 |USA |- |5 |USA |- |6 |Australia |- |7 (7A-7E) |New Zealand |- |7 (7F-70) |USA |- |8 (8A-8E) |Argentina |- |9 (9A-9E, 93-99) |Brazil |- |A (AA-AH) |South Africa |- |J |Japan |- |K |South Korea |- |L |China |- |M (MA-ME, MY-M0) |India |- |M (MF-MK) |Indonesia |- |M (ML-MR) |Thailand |- |N (NL-NR) |Turkey |- |P (PA-PE) |Philippines |- |P (PL-PR) |Malaysia |- |R (RF-RK) |Taiwan |- |R (RL-RP) |Vietnam |- |S (SA-SM) |United Kingdom |- |T (TW-T2) |Portugal |- |V (VF-VR) |France |- |W |Germany |- |X (XS-XW, XZ-X0) |Russia |- |Y (YA-YE) |Belgium |} Second letter or number in parentheses is from position 2 of VIN. The characters in parentheses represent the range assigned to that particular country. ===Manufacturer (Japan/North America)=== Position 2 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |F |Fuji Heavy Industries LTD |- |G |GM |- |M |Mazda (Mexico) |- |M |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |- |N |NUMMI (Toyota car) |- |T |NUMMI (Toyota truck) |- |T |Toyota |- |Y |Toyota (Mississippi, USA) |- |8 |Toyota (Lexus - Kentucky, USA) |} ===Vehicle Type=== {{center|Position 3-Japan built models}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |D,K,N,X,1,2,7 |Passenger Car |- |A,B,F,4 |Truck |- |G |Bus |- |E,L,M,3 |Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) |- |5 |Incomplete Vehicle (typically a convertible) |} ===Body=== {{center|Position 4 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world, may be incorrect for most recent ones)}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD / Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Celica, Supra) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD (Corolla, Camry) / MPV, Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris) / 5DR Van AWD / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |K |5DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris, Prius) / 5DR Wagon 2WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |L |5DR Wagon 4WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |M |5DR Door Van 2WD / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |N |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 2WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |P |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 4WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |R |Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |S |3DR Liftback 4WD |- |T |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 2WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |U |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |W |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame TRD |- |X |5DR Sport Utility Wagon |- |Y |Sport Van |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD |} ===Engine=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 4 (before 1996 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |3A-C 1.5L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla Tercel, '83-'86 Tercel, '87-'88 Tercel wagon) |- |A |4A-C 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('83 Corolla, '84-'87 Corolla Sport DX, SR5) |- |A |4A-LC 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('84-'87 Corolla, '87-'88 Corolla FX) |- |A |4A-GEC 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'87 Corolla Sport GT-S) |- |A |4A-GE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'91 Corolla GT-S) |- |A |4A-F 1.6L DOHC, 16V carb. I4 ('88-'89 Corolla) |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 ('88-'95 Corolla, '90-'93 Celica ST) |- |A |4A-GELC 1.6L DOHC, 16V I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'89 MR2, '87-'88 Corolla FX16) |- |A |4A-GZE 1.6L DOHC, 16V Supercharged, IC I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'89 MR2 Supercharged) |- |A |7A-FE 1.8L DOHC, 16V I4 ('93-'95 Corolla, '94-'95 Celica ST) |- |A |2TZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('91-'95 Previa) |- |A |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('94-'95 Previa S/C) |- |C |1C-LC 1.8L diesel indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Corolla) |- |C |1C-TLC 1.8L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Camry) |- |C |2C-TLC 2.0L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('86 Camry) |- |D |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('93-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |E |3E 1.5L SOHC, 12V carb. I4 ('87-'90 Tercel) |- |E |3E-E 1.5L SOHC, 12V EFI I4 ('90-'94 Tercel) |- |E |5E-FE 1.5L DOHC, 16V I4 ('95 Tercel, '92-'95 Paseo) |- |F |2F 4.2L 2-bbl. Carb. OHV I6 ('81-'87 Land Cruiser) |- |F |3F-E 4.0L EFI OHV I6 ('88-'92 Land Cruiser) |- |G |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('94-'95 Camry V6, Lexus ES300, '95 Avalon) |- |J |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('93-'95 Supra, '93-'95 Lexus GS300, '92-'95 SC300) |- |J |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('93-'95 Supra Turbo) |- |K |4K-C 1.3L Carb. OHV I4 ('81-'82 Starlet) |- |K |4K-E 1.3L EFI OHV I4 ('83-'84 Starlet) |- |L |L 2.2L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('81-'83 Pickup) |- |L |2L 2.4L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Pickup) |- |L |2L-T 2.4L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('85 Pickup) |- |M |5M-E 2.8L SOHC, 12V I6 ('81 Celica Supra, '81-'82 Cressida) |- |M |5M-GE 2.8L DOHC, 12V I6 ('82-'86 Celica Supra, '83-'88 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GE 3.0L DOHC, 24V I6 ('86 1/2-'92 Supra, '89-'92 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GTE 3.0L DOHC, 24V turbo IC I6 ('87-'92 Supra Turbo) |- |R |22R 2.4L 2-bbl SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Celica, Corona, '81-'90 Pickup, '84 4Runner) |- |R |22R-E/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('83-'85 Celica, '84-'95 Pickup, '85-'95 4Runner) |- |R |22R-TE/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI Turbo I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('85-'88 Pickup, '86-'87 4Runner) |- |S |2S-ELC 2.0L I4 ('83-'86 Camry, '86 Celica ST/GT) |- |S |3S-GELC 2.0L I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('86-'89 Celica GT-S) |- |S |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('87-'89 Celica ST/GT, '87-'91 Camry) |- |S |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('90-'93 Celica GT/GT-S, '94-'95 Celica GT, '91-'95 MR2, '92-'95 Camry) |- |S |3S-GTE 2.0L Turbo, IC I4 ('88, '90-'93 Celica All-Trac Turbo, '91-'95 MR2 Turbo) |- |T |3T-C 1.8L OHV Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla) |- |U |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('90-'95 LS400, '92-'95 SC400) |- |U |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('95 Tacoma) |- |U |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('94-'95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |V |2VZ-FE 2.5L DOHC, 24V V6 ('88-'91 Camry V6, '90-'91 Lexus ES250) |- |V |3VZ-E 3.0L SOHC, 12V V6 ('88-'95 4Runner, Pickup, '93-'94 T100) |- |V |3VZ-FE 3.0L DOHC, 24V V6 ('92-'93 Camry V6, Lexus ES300) |- |V |5VZ-FE 3.4L DOHC, 24V V6 ('95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |Y |3Y-EC 2.0L EFI OHV I4 ('84-'85 Van) |- |Y |4Y-EC 2.2L EFI OHV I4 ('86-'89 Van) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla) |- |A |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330, '04-'08 Camry Solara) |- |A |2ZR-FXE + 1NM (Prius 2wd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('16 Prius) |- |B |7A-FE 1.8L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla, Celica ST) |- |B |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('04-'09 Prius) |- |B |2AZ-FXE + 2JM 2.4L Atkinson cycle I4 Hybrid ('07-'09 Camry Hybrid) |- |C |5E-FE 1.5L I4 ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada Tercel, '96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada Paseo) |- |C |2GR-FSE + 1KM 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 Hybrid ('07-'09 Lexus GS450h) |- |D |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('96-'98 Supra, '96-'05 Lexus GS300, '96-'00 SC300, '01-'05 IS300) |- |D |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('01-'07 Highlander, '04-'08 RAV4) |- |E |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('96-'98 Supra Turbo) |- |E |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('02-'09 Camry, '02-'08 Camry Solara, '05-'09 Scion tC, '08-'09 Scion xB, '09 Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS) |- |E |2GR-FSE 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 ('06-'09 IS350, '07-'09 Lexus GS350) |- |E |1AR-FE 2.7L I4 ('09 Venza, Highlander) |- |F |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('96-'04 Camry V6, '96-'04 Avalon, '96-'03 Lexus ES300, '98-'03 Sienna, '99-'03 Camry Solara, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '01-'03 Highlander) |- |F |2AR-FE 2.5L I4 ('09 RAV4) |- |G |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('96-'99 Celica GT, '96-'01 Camry, '99-'01 Camry Solara) |- |H |1AZ-FE 2.0L I4 ('01-'03 RAV4) |- |H |3GR-FSE 3.0L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06 Lexus GS300) |- |H |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('98-'00 GS400, '96-'00 LS400, '96-'00 SC400) |- |J |1NR-FE 1.3L I4 ('12-'15 Scion iQ) |- |J |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('96-'97 Land Cruiser, '96-'97 LX450) |- |J |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('07-'09 Lexus ES350) |- |K |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('96-'97 Previa S/C) |- |K |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('01-'03 Prius) |- |K |4GR-FSE 2.5L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06-'09 IS250) |- |K |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('05-'09 Avalon, '06-'09 RAV4, '07-'09 Camry V6, Sienna, Lexus RX350, '09 Venza) |- |L |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('96-'04 Tacoma) |- |L |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('01-'05 GS430) |- |L |1UR-FSE 4.6L VVT-iE V8 ('08-'09 GS460, '07-'09 LS460) |- |L |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For Japanese-built '09 Corolla) |- |M |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('96-'98 T100, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'00 4Runner) |- |N |5S-FNE (CNG 2.2L I4) ('00-'01 Camry) |- |N |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('06-'07 GS430, '01-'06 LS430, '02-'09 SC430) |- |N |5VZ-FE 3.4L V6 ('96-'02 4Runner, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'98 T100, '00-'04 Tundra) |- |N |2ZR-FXE Hybrid 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('10-'15 Prius) |- |P |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('96-'00 RAV4) |- |P |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'07 Highlander) |- |P |2UR-GSE 5.0L V8 ('08-'09 Lexus IS F) |- |R |1ZZ-FE 1.8L VVT-i I4 ('98-'08 Corolla, '00-'05 Celica GT, '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '03-'08 Matrix) |- |S |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('08-'09 Highlander) |- |T |1NZ-FE 1.5L I4 ('00-'05 Echo, '04-'06 Scion xA, xB, '07-'09 Yaris) |- |T |2UZ-FE 4.7L V8 ('98-'07 Land Cruiser, '00-'09 Tundra, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 4Runner, '03-'09 Lexus GX470, '98-'07 LX470) |- |U |1GR-FE 4.0L VVT-i V6 ('03-'09 4Runner, '05-'09 Tacoma, '05-'09 Tundra, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser) |- |U |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For US- & Canadian-built '09 Corolla, Matrix but also for '08-'09 Scion XD) |- |U |2UR-FSE + 1KM 5.0L VVT-iE D4S V8 Hybrid ('08-'09 LS600hL) |- |V |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('07-'09 Tundra) |- |W |3MZ-FE + 1JM, 2FM 3.3L V6 Hybrid ('06-'09 Highlander Hybrid, '06-'08 RX400h) |- |W |3UR-FBE 5.7L Dual VVT-i Flex-Fuel V8 Gas/E85 ('09 Tundra) |- |X |2TR-FE 2.7L I4 ('05-'09 Tacoma) |- |Y |2ZZ-GE 1.8L VVTL-i I4 ('00-'05 Celica GT-S, '03-'06 Matrix XRS, '05-'06 Corolla XRS) |- |Y |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('08-'09 Land Cruiser, Sequoia, '08-'09 LX570) |- |Z |2GR-FKS 3.5L V6 '15+ |- |9 |2ZR-FXE + 1NM + 1MM (Prius Awd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid |- | |- | |- |L |Electric M7M5 -- RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |S |Electric 1BM -- RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Non-North American Engines |+Position 5 (2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |2AD-FTV (2005+) |- |B |1HZ, 1HD |- |B |2AD-FHV (2005+) |- |C |2C, 2CT, 2CT-E |- |J |1AZ-FSE |- |L |2SZ-FE |- |P |2AZ-FSE |- |V |1VD-FTV |- |W |1CD-FTV |- |W |2NZ-FE |- |Z |1ZZ-FE |- |Z |3ZZ-FE |} ===Series=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) Based on the Chassis code given for the car. !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser J1'''0'''0/J1'''0'''5 |- |2 |Toyota Land Cruiser Prado J1'''2'''0 |- |} ===Restraint=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Manual Belt / 1 STD (North America), No Airbags (International) |- |2 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 1 Airbag (Driver Seat) (International) |- |3 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 2 Front Airbags (International) |- |6 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |7 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |8 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Airbags |- |9 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Front Curtain Airbags. |- |D |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Three-Row Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |} ===Model/Platform=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 / MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra / Tundra |- |3 |Echo / Yaris Verso |- |4 |Yaris / Scion xA / Scion xB / Scion xD / Urban Cruiser |- |6 |Hilux |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Highlander / Sequoia / Celica RWD / Supra |- |B |Avalon / Avensis Verso / Ipsum? |- |C |Sienna / Previa / Aygo |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix / Auris |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |G |Hilux / Fortuner |- |H |Highlander |- |J |Land Cruiser / Land Cruiser Prado |- |K |Camry / Aurion (TRD) |- |L |Tercel / Paseo / Avensis |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma and older trucks as well |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner / Corolla Verso |- |S |Fortuner |- |T |Celica FWD |- |U |Prius |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |MR2 (non-spyder models) |- |X |Cressida |- |} === '''Check-digit''' <ref>https://vincheck.info/free-vin-decoder/free-toyota-vin-decoder</ref> === {{center|Position 9 (Check-digit that identifies the VIN as being authorized by the manufacturer).}} === Model year === {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;width:30em;" |+Position 10 (International-market vehicles may have a 0 in this position) ! Code ! Year |- |L |1990 |- |M |1991 |- |N |1992 |- |P |1993 |- |R |1994 |- |S |1995 |- |T |1996 |- |V |1997 |- |W |1998 |- |X |1999 |- |Y |2000 |- |1 |2001 |- |2 |2002 |- |3 |2003 |- |4 |2004 |- |5 |2005 |- |6 |2006 |- |7 |2007 |- |8 |2008 |- |9 |2009 |- |A |2010 |- |B |2011 |- |C |2012 |- |D |2013 |- |E |2014 |- |F |2015 |- |G |2016 |- |H |2017 |- |J |2018 |- |K |2019 |- |L |2020 |- |M |2021 |- |N |2022 |- |P |2023 |- |R |2024 |- |S |2025 |} ===Plant=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 11 !VIN Code !Description |- |0-9 (All numeric) |Japan |- |7 |Lordstown, OH, US (GM plant) (Toyota Cavalier) |- |A |Motomachi plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |A |Onnaing-Valenciennes, France ([[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing France|TMMF]]) (Yaris hatch - US: '14-'18, Canada: '14-'19) |- |C |Cambridge, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |D |Nagakusa plant, Obu, Aichi pref., Japan (Toyota Industries plant) |- |E |Burnaston, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom (TMMUK) (US/Canada: GR Corolla '26-) |- |G |Gliwice, Poland (Opel/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max EV) |- |J |Takaoka plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |J |Vigo, Spain (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce City) |- |K |Hamura, Tokyo pref., Japan (Hino Motors plant) |- |L |Miyagi plant, Ohira, Miyagi pref., Japan (Central Motor Co./Toyota Motor East Japan plant) |- |M |Tijuana, Baja CA, Mexico (TMMBC) |- |M |Atessa, Italy (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max diesel) |- |N |Kolín, Czech Republic ([[w:Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech|TPCA/TMMCZ]]) |- |P |Blue Springs, MS, US (TMMMS) |- |R |Lafayette, IN, US (Subaru of Indiana Automotive) (Camry '07-'16) |- |R |Adapazari, Sakarya province, Turkey (TMMT) (US/Canada: C-HR '18-'22) |- |S |Princeton, IN, US (TMMI) |- |T |Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato, Mexico (TMMGT) |- |U |Georgetown, KY, US (TMMK) |- |V |Huntsville, AL, US (MTM USA) (Corolla Cross '22-, Corolla Cross Hybrid '23-) |- |W |Woodstock, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |W |Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (Toyota GR Supra '20-'26) |- |X |San Antonio, TX, US (TMMTX) |- |X |Altona, Victoria, Australia (Toyota Australia) (closed Oct. 3, 2017) |- |Y |Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico (Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation) <br> (Scion iA '16, Yaris iA '17-'18, Yaris sedan '19-'20, Yaris hatch '20) |- |Y |Yajima Plant, Ota, Gunma pref., Japan (Subaru plant) (Toyota bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Trailseeker '26-) |- |Z |Fremont, CA, US (NUMMI) (1987-1988 Toyota Corolla FX/FX16 3-d, 1989-2010 Corolla sedan, 1992-1995 Toyota Pickup, 1995-2010 Tacoma, Toyota Voltz [For export to Japan: '02-'04]) |- |Z |Lieu-Saint-Amand, France (Sevel Nord - PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce) |- |} '''Japanese Plants''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Plant owner/operator !Name & Location of plant !Vehicles produced !VIN Code used<br> (Pos. 11) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('85-'86) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'90) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'89) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('91-'95), Paseo ('92-'99), Echo ('00-'05),<br> Scion xA ('04-'06), xB ('04) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('96-'99) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xD ('08-'10), Scion iQ ('12-'15),<br> Scion iQ EV ('13), Scion xB ('12-'15) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'12), Scion xB ('08-'12),<br> Scion xD ('10-'14), Prius C ('12-'19), C-HR ('18-'22) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'11) |4 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('07-'11) |5-8 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Miyagi plant. Ohira, Miyagi prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('11-'12) |L |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('12-'14) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05) |0-3 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05-'06) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla [fwd 4-d/5-d] ('84-'87) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla Sport [rwd 2-d/3-d coupe] ('84-'87) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('88-'90), Corolla coupe ('91),<br> Corolla sedan & 2wd wagon ('91-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla All-Trac 4wd wagon ('91-'92) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('93-'96) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'08) |0-1 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'06) [No '06 found in US] |2-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09) |2, J |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla sedan ('10-'11, '13, '20-'25), Scion iM ('16), Corolla iM ('17-'18) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09-'12) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan ('22-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |7-8 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88) |0-9 (All-Trac Turbo) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('90-'99) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Celica ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica Supra ('85-'86), Supra ('86 1/2-'92) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |0-6 (ST, GT),<br> 0-3 (GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |0-3 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('05-'10) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('85-'87), Camry V6 ('88-'91),<br> Camry 4-cyl. All-Trac 4wd ('89-'91),<br> Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. 2wd ('88-'91) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('92-'93), Camry 4-cyl. ('94), Camry ('95-'96), <br> Lexus ES300 ('92-'93, '95-'96) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('94), Lexus ES300 ('94) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('97), Camry 4-cyl. ('98-'01), Lexus ES300 ('97) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('03-'06) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('98-'06), Lexus ES300 ('98-'03), <br> ES330 ('04-'05) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('98-'01) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('02) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('03) |5-6 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES330 ('04-'06), Camry SE V6 [3.3L] ('05) |5-6 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |5 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('07-'11, '18-'19), Scion tC ('11-'15),<br> Crown ('23-'26), Crown Signia ('25-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('15-'16) |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES350 ('07-'21), ES300h ('13-'20),<br> ES350h, ES350e, ES500e ('26-),<br> HS250h ('10-'12), CT200h ('11-'17), UX200 ('19-'22),<br> UX250h ('19-'24), UX300h ('25-'26) |2 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250 ('06-'15), IS200t ('16-'17),<br> IS300 RWD ('18-'25), IS300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> IS350 ('06-'26), IS F ('08-'14),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> RC350 ('15-'25), RC F ('15-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250, IS350 ('06-'13), IS250C/IS350C ('10-'15) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LS400 ('90-'00), LS430 ('01-'05),<br> GS300 ('93-'05), GS400 ('98-'00), GS430 ('01-'05), <br> GS300 Awd ('06), GS350 ('07-'11) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06), GS430 ('06-'07),<br> GS460 ('08-'11), GS450h ('07-'11, '13-'14),<br> GS350 ('13-'14), LS430 ('06), LS460 ('07-'17),<br> LS600hL ('08-'16), LS500 ('18-'26), LS500h ('18-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19),<br> GS350 ('15-'20), GS450h ('15-'18), GS F ('16-'20),<br> LC500 ('18-'26), LC500h ('18-'25), Mirai ('16-'26),<br> Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25), bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra ('23-'26),<br> Lexus RZ450e ('23-'26), RZ300e ('24-'25), RZ350e ('26-),<br> RZ550e ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida sedan ('85-'88), Cressida wagon ('85-'87) |0-5 (sedan),<br> 0-9 (wagon) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('89) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('90-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra ('93-'96), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('92-'96) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra, Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97) |0 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Supra ('97-'98), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97-'00) |1-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('02-'05) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('06-'10) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LFA ('12) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95), MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('01-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius w/pos. 14-17 of VIN from 1001-2000 ('01) |0 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('04-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09, '16-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'15) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15, '25-'26), Prius Prime ('17-'24) |3 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09) |7 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'13) [No '14 found in US] |4-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('12-'14) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('14-'17 & '18 in Canada) |J |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('84-'86) |5-9 (psgr. van),<br> 0-9 (cargo van) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('87-'89) |5-9 (2wd),<br> 0-9 (4wd) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Previa ('91-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('96), RAV4 2-d ('96-'98, '00),<br> RAV4 4wd ('99), RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd gen.] ('01) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'06) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('07-'14) |5 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'08) |6-9 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('09) |6 (until 7/31/08),<br> D (from 8/1/08) |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('10-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'26),<br> RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('14-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('19-'26), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-), Venza ('21-'24), C-HR EV '26-, bZ '26-, Subaru Uncharted '26-, Solterra '26- |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09),<br> RX400h ('06), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander Hybrid ('06-'07) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX400h ('07-'08), RX350 ('10-'19, '21-'26),<br> RX350L ('18-'22), RX450h ('10-'15), RX450hL ('18-'22),<br> RX450h+ ('24-'26), NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21),<br> NX300h ('15-'21), NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26),<br> NX350h ('22-'26), NX450h+ ('22-'26),<br> Highlander ('08-'10), Highlander Hybrid ('08-'13) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21), NX300h ('20-'21),<br> NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26), NX350h ('22-'26) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('84-'85) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('89) |0-3 (4-cyl.),<br> 0-4 (V6) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('90-'95) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('90-'94) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('95) |0-4, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('90) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('91-'92) |0-6, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('93-'94) |0-5, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('95) |0-4, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('96-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('98-'02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |0-8 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'08) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'07) |8-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('08-'09) |8-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('07) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('08-'09) |0-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. (Hamura plant transferred to Toyota Motor Hamura, Inc. on April 1, 2026) |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Land Cruiser ('24-'26) |K |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('10-'21, '25-'26), Land Cruiser ('24-'26),<br> Lexus GX460 ('10-'23), GX550 ('24-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('22-'24) |5, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('84-'86, '88-'89) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('90-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'00) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('01-'07) |2-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('01-'06) |3-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('07) |4 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Yoshiwara plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13-'21),<br> Lexus LX570 ('08-'11, '13-'21), LX600 ('22-'26),<br> LX700h ('25-'26) |4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13) [No '14-'20 found in US] |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup ('84-'85), <br> Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |5-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab ('84-'85), Pickup/Chassis Cab w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('87-'88) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |8-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 or RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89) |7-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('90-'93) |7-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |6-7 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-1, 6-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |2-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab w/VN94 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |T100 ('93-'98) |0-9 |- |} ==Toyota WMIs== There are partial list of WMIs which are used by Toyota as well as the broader Toyota Group, including all divisions and subsidiaries: Japan: * JTD - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTK - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTN - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTX - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JT1 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (European market) * JT2 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (North American market) * JT7 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (Asia-Pacific market) * JTA - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTB - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTF - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JT4 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTG - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Bus * JTE - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JTL - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JTM - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT3 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JT5 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Incomplete Vehicle (Celica convertible, Paseo convertible, Chassis Cab pickup trucks) * JTH - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JTJ - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT6 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT8 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JAL - Isuzu Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle (S-Series) * JDA - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD1 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD2 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JD4 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Truck * JF1 - Subaru Corp., Toyota Passenger Car (86/GR86/Scion FR-S) * JHA - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHB - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JHC - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHD - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHE - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHH - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JH6 - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle North America: * 1NX - NUMMI, Toyota Passenger Car ('87-'10) * 2AY - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 2AZ - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Truck * 2T1 - TMMC, Toyota Passenger Car * 2T2 - TMMC, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 2T3 - TMMC, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 3MY - Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation, Toyota Passenger Car ('16-'20) * 3TM - TMMBC, Toyota Truck * 3TY - TMMGT, Toyota Truck * 4G3 - GM Lordstown Assembly, Toyota Passenger Car (Cavalier) ('96-'00) * 4T1 - TMMK, Toyota Passenger Car * 4T3 - TMMK, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV) * 4T4 - Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Toyota Passenger Car ('07-'16) * 4TA - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('92-'00) * 5PV - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 5TB - TMMI, Toyota Truck * 5TD - TMMI, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV), Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 5TE - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('00-'10) * 5TF - TMMTX, Toyota Truck * 5YF - TMMMS, Toyota Passenger Car * 58A - TMMK, Lexus Passenger Car * 7H4 - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Truck * 7MU - Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 7SV - TMMTX, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) Other countries: * AHH - Hino South Africa, Hino vehicles * AHT - Toyota South Africa, Toyota vehicles * LFM - FAW Toyota (China), Toyota and Ranz vehicles * LVG - GAC Toyota (China), Toyota vehicles * MBJ - Toyota Kirloskar Motor (India), Toyota vehicles * MHF - PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia, Toyota vehicles * MHK - PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (Indonesia), Daihatsu and Toyota vehicles * MJE - PT Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia, Hino vehicles * MMK - Toyota Auto Works Co., Ltd. (Thailand), Toyota vehicles * MNK - Hino Motors Manufacturing Thailand, Hino Vehicles * MR0 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Ban Pho and Samrong plants, Toyota vehicles * MR1 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Samrong plant (Fortuner), Toyota vehicles * MR2 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Gateway plant, Toyota vehicles * NMT - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey (TMMT), Toyota vehicles * PN1 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * PN2 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * RKL - Kuozui Motors (Taiwan), Toyota vehicles * RL4 - Toyota Motor Vietnam, Toyota vehicles * SB1 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK (TMMUK), Toyota vehicles * TW1 - Toyota Caetano Portugal, Toyota vehicles * VNK - Toyota Motor Manufacturing France (TMMF), Toyota vehicles * WZ1 - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra) * XW7 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia (TMMR), Toyota vehicles * YAR - PSA/Stellantis, Toyota Van (ProAce, ProAce City, & ProAce Max) * YBC - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra - some European-market models) * 6T1 - Toyota Australia, Toyota Passenger Car * 7A4 - Toyota New Zealand, Toyota vehicles * 8AJ - Toyota Argentina, Toyota vehicles * 9BR - Toyota Brazil, Toyota vehicles {| class="wikitable" |+ !Plant Abbreviation !Plant Name !Notes |- |MTMUSA |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |Joint venture between Toyota and Mazda |- |NUMMI |New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. |Joint venture between GM and Toyota |- |TMMBC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Baja California | |- |TMMC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada | |- |TMMGT |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Guanajuato | |- |TMMI |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana | |- |TMMK |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky | |- |TMMMS |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi | |- |TMMTX |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas | |} == External links == Online [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Toyota Toyota VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:RT43-157714}} <references />Online [https://epicvin.com/vin-decoder/toyota Toyota Vin Lookup] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Car model, Toyota Vehicles- VinCheckUp |url=https://www.vincheckup.com/cars/toyota |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.vincheckup.com}}</ref> gmox6f2z7rcyu587ovhxyt9owq7tkw6 4673538 4673537 2026-10-01T20:14:43Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Restraint System */ 4673538 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- --> {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} For Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA, '19-'20 Toyota Yaris sedan, & '20 Toyota Yaris hatchback, see the Mazda VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Mazda/VIN Codes]]. For Scion FR-S/Toyota 86/Toyota GR86, see the Subaru VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Subaru/VIN Codes]]. ==VIN Format 2010-== Toyota has used the following VIN format since 2010 for North America: {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade]] |- |4 |K |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 2010-|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series|Series]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series & Drive Wheels|Series & Drive Wheels]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line & Make|Vehicle Line & Make]] |- |8 |A ||[[#Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style|Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Yaris ['10-'12], Corolla ['10-'19], Camry ['10-'19], Avalon ['10-'19], Mirai ['16-'20], Lexus HS ['10-'12], ES ['10-'19], IS ['10-'19],<br> GS ['10-'11, '13-'19], GS F ['16-'20], LS ['10-'19]) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus IS250 AWD '10-'15, IS300 AWD '16-'19, IS350 AWD '11-'19, GS350 AWD '10-'11, '13-'19, LS460 AWD '10-'17, LS500 AWD '18-'19, LS500h AWD '18-'19) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Scion tC '10) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD (Lexus LS460L AWD '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'16) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD (Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C/IS350C '10-'15) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD (Lexus LS460L '10-'17) |- |H |2DR Coupe 2WD (Lexus LFA '12, RC200t '16-'17, RC300 RWD '18-'19, RC350 '15-'19, RC F '15-'19, LC500 '18-'19, LC500h '18-'19) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris 3-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Scion tC '11-'16, Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13) |- |K |5DR Liftback or Hatchback 2WD (Yaris 5-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Lexus CT200h '11-'17, Prius C '12-'19, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Corolla Hatchback '19) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD (Prius '10-'22, Scion xD '10-'14, C-HR '18-'22) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension (Matrix Base model & S 2wd '10-'11, Matrix L & S 2wd '12-'13, Canada: Matrix '14) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD (Prius AWD-e '19-'22) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD w/IRS (Matrix S 4wd '10-'13) |- |M |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS (Matrix XRS - US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) |- |S |2DR Coupe 4WD (Lexus RC300 AWD '16-'19, RC350 AWD '15-'19) |- |U |5DR Wagon 4WD (Lexus UX250h '19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus UX200 '19) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Prius V 2012-2017 & 2018 in Canada) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |4DR Sedan (Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26) |- |A |5DR Hatchback (GR Corolla '23-'26, Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24, Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26) |- |A |Wagon (Crown Signia '25-'26) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES '26-) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Camry '25-'26) |- |Y |Wagon (Lexus UX300h 2wd '25-'26) |- |U |Wagon (Lexus UX300h Awd '25-'26) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'19, NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19,<br> NX300h '15-'19) |- |C |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '16-'21) |- |D |5DR Wagon extended length 4WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19, RX450hL '18-'19) |- |G |5DR Wagon extended length 2WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'15, Lexus LX570 '10-'11, '13-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19, NX300h '15-'16) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Scion xB '10-'15, Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'16) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |5DR Wagon (Toyota Venza '21-'24, Sequoia '23-'26, bZ4X '23-'25, Grand Highlander '24-'26, Land Cruiser '24-'26, C-HR EV '26-, Subaru Solterra '23-'25, Uncharted '26-, Lexus RZ450e '23-'25, RZ300e '24-'25, TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26, TX550h+ '24-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Toyota bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Solterra '26-, Trailseeker '26-, Lexus RZ450e '26-, RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26-) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Canadian-built Lexus RX350 [2wd/Awd] '23-'26, RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Japanese-built Lexus RX350 [2wd] '23-'26, RX450h+ '24-'26) |- |V |5DR Wagon (4Runner '25-'26) |- |6 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Hybrid '26-) |- |7 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid '26-) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |J |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |J |Tacoma XtraCab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |K |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2020- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |D |4DR Sedan (Corolla L '20-'22) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '20-'22, LE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |V |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Convenience Package '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Premium Package '20-'22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Corolla XLE '20-'22) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '23-'26, SE Nightshade '24, FX Edition '25, LE Hybrid '23-'26, XLE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Nightshade Hybrid '24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/man. trans. '20-'22, SE Apex Edition w/man. trans. '21-'22) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, SE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |P |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. & Premium Package '20-'26) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Corolla XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, XSE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/auto. trans. '20-'27, FX Edition '26) |- |A |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |C |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'27) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Camry L '20) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Camry LE '20-'24) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |R |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Camry XLE '20-'24) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Camry SE '20-'24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Camry TRD '20) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Camry XSE '20-'24, Camry TRD '21-'24) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE '20-'22, XLE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE [decontent package] '20-'22, XLE Hybrid [decontent package] '20-'22) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD '21) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD [decontent package] '21) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Avalon XSE '20, XSE Nightshade '21, XSE Hybrid '20-'21, XSE Nightshade Hybrid '22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Avalon TRD '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited '20-'22, Limited Hybrid '20-'22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22, Limited Hybrid w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD '21) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD w/Advanced Safety Package '21) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model], ES300h [base model] '20-'25, ES250 AWD [base model] '21-'24) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model w/Premium Package], ES300h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> ES250 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '21-'25, ES350, ES300h, ES250 AWD F Sport Design '23-'25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport '20-'22, ES250 AWD F Sport '21-'22, ES300h F Sport '22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport Black Line Special Edition '21) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling package '22, ES350 F Sport Handling '23-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Luxury, ES300h Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Luxury '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Ultra Luxury, ES300h Ultra Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '22-'25, ES300h F Sport Handling '23-25) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, IS300 AWD [base model] '20-'25, IS350 [base model] '20,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance [base model & Premium] '22-'25) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25 |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25,<br> IS350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 AWD [base model w/Luxury Package or Ultra-Luxury Package] Canada: '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS300 AWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS350 F Sport Design '23-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance Ultimate Edition '25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS300 AWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS350 F Sport '20-'26) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling Package '22) |- |U |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS500 F Sport Performance Launch Edition '22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 AWD [base model] '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 RWD [base model], GS350 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport Black Line '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model] '20-'25, LS500 Heritage Edition '26, LS500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'25, LS500 Inspiration Edition '20, LS500h [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'21,<br> LS500h '22-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Executive Package] '20-'25, LS500h [base model w/Executive Package] '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 F Sport '20-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model] '20-25, RC350 [base model] '20-'25, RC F [base model] '20-'24) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> RC350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC F [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'24) |- |G |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD F Sport '20-'25, RC300 AWD F Sport '20-'25, RC350 F Sport '20-'25) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F [base model w/Performance Package] '20, [base model w/Carbon Package] '21-'24) |- |Y |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Track Edition '20, RC F Fuji Speedway Edition '21-'22, RC F Track Edition '23-'24) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Final Edition '25) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model] '20-'21, LC500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |E |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21, LC500h [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26, LC500h [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'26, LC500h [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'25) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500 [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'26,<br> LC500h [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500h [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'25) |- |C |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Inspiration Edition '20-'22, '24, '26) |- |L |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Bespoke Build '22-'26, LC500h Bespoke Build '22-'25) |- |J |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model] '21) |- |K |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model w/Touring Package] '21) |- |M |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26) |- |G |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Inspiration Edition '21-'22, '24, '26) |- |N |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Bespoke Build - Canada only: '22-'23, US & Canada: '24-'26) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model] '20-'22, UX250h [base model] '20-'24) |- |P |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h Premium '23-'24) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 Luxury '20-'22, UX250h Luxury '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport '20-'22, UX250h F Sport '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX250h F Sport Design '23-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport Handling '23-'24) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sienna [base model V6] '11-'12, Sienna L '13-'20) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sequoia TRD Pro '20, Lexus GX460 [base model] '10-'19) |- |W |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |R |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |X |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '11-'20, SE Premium '15-'20) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '19-'20, SE Premium '19-'20) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20, Sienna CE, LE '10,<br> Sienna [base model I4] '11-'12, Sienna LE '11-'20) |- |N |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 SE '16-'18) |- |J |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, RAV4 SE '16-'18, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20,<br> Sienna LE '10-'20, Lexus GX460 Premium '10-'13, GX460 Luxury '14-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19,<br> Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19, Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |D |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19, Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19,<br> Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- | |'''Body Type & Grade''' |- |K |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE '21-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE '21-'26) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '23-'26, Sienna XSE 25th Anniversary Edition '23, Sienna XSE w/Premium Package '25) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE '21-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Sienna Limited '21-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sienna Platinum '21-'26) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross L '22-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE '22-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE w/Moonroof Package '22-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE w/Convenience Package '22-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross Hybrid S, SE, XSE '23-'26, Hybrid SE Nightshade '24-'25) |- |H |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd '19-'25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd '19-'25) |- |G |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |L |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |M |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |W |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 2wd '19-'25) |- |P |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 4wd '19-'25) |- |R |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |U |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Woodland Edition Hybrid 4wd '23-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 2wd '19-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 4wd '19-'25) |- |B |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium Hybrid 4wd '21-'25) |- |J |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Adventure 4wd '19-'24, RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '20) |- |S |5DR Wagon (RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |T |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [US- & Canadian-built] |- |1 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [Japanese-built] |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XSE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 2wd '19-'25) |- |N |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 4wd '19-'25) |- |D |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE 4wd '25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '25) |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE 4wd '25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Highlander L 2wd & Awd '20-'22) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE 2wd '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE Awd '20-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, Hybrid XLE '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE w/Navigation, Hybrid XLE w/Navigation '20-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Bronze Edition '22-'23) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited, Hybrid Limited 2wd '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited Awd '20-'22, Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'21) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid Platinum 2wd '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '20-'22) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE '21-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE w/Navigation & JBL Audio '21-'22) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander L, LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE 2wd & Awd '23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid LE Nightshade, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade 2wd & Awd '24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade, Hybrid Limited 25th Anniversary Edition Awd '25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum Awd, Hybrid XLE Awd '26) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE 2wd '23-'24) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE Awd '23-'24) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited 2wd '23-'24) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '23-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum 2wd '23-'24) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '23-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 2wd '21-'24) |- |M |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 4wd '21-'24) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |B |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '22) |- |T |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 2wd '22-'24) |- |S |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 4wd '22-'24) |- |F |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 2wd '21-'24) |- |N |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |U |5DR Wagon (4Runner 40th Anniversary Special Edition 4wd '23) |- |P |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |H |5DR Wagon (4Runner Venture Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |D |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 2wd '21-'24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 4wd '21-'24) |- |C |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |J |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |L |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Pro 4wd '21-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sequoia SR5 '21-'22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Sport '21-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Limited '21-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Nightshade Special Edition '21-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Platinum '21-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Pro '21-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model] '20-'21, NX300h [base model] '20-'21, NX250 [base model] '22-'25, NX350 [base model] '22-'26,<br> NX350h [base model] '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Comfort package] '20, NX300h [base model w/Comfort package] '20) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21, NX300h [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX300h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX250 Premium '22-'25, NX350 Premium '22-'26, NX350h Premium '22-'26) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 Luxury '20-'21, NX300h Luxury '20-'21, NX250 Luxury '22-'23, NX350 Luxury '22-'26, NX350h Luxury '22-'26, NX450h+ [base model] '22-'25, NX450h+ Premium '26-, NX450h+ Luxury '26-) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport '20-'21) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport w/Comfort package '20, NX300 F Sport w/Premium package '21, NX300h F Sport Black Line '21) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350 F Sport Handling '22-'26, NX450h+ F Sport Handling '22-'26, Canadian-built NX350h '26-) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350h [Japanese-built] '26-) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model] '20-'22, RX350L [base model] '20-'22, RX450h [base model] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model] '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22,<br> RX450h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450h [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport '20-'22, RX450h F Sport '20-'22) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX450h F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX350 F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22, RX450h F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model] '20-'23) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'23) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 Luxury '20-'23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '23) |- |V |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Luxury/Luxury+] '24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |- |T |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Premium/Premium+, Overtrail/Overtrail+] '24-'26) [Class F GVWR] |- |C |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model] '20-'21) |- |D |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |E |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model] '20-'21) |- |F |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |N |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 [2-row base model] '22-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Premium [3-row] '22-'26) |- |M |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 F Sport [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h F Sport [3-row] '25-'26) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Luxury [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h Luxury [3-row] '25-'26) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury [2-row] '22-'24) |- |W |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Overtrail [2/3-row] '25-'26) |- |U |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Ultra Luxury [2-row] '25-'26) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |R |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport Access Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |S |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |A |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('17-'23) |- |E |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |G |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |B |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |D |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd (Canada only: '16-'17) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('21-'23) |- |} LWB=Long Wheelbase {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |J |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |K |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |L |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |M |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |R |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |U |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |T |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |C |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |E |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |D |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |N |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'17) |- |P |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'17) |- |R |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '20-'21) |- |T |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |C |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |E |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra TRD Pro CrewMax LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '19-'21) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |G |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |A |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Grade=== {{center|'''Position 4 (2022- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |K |Tundra SR ('22-'26) |- |L |Tundra SR5 ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |J |Tundra Limited ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |1 |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) ('25-'26) |- |N |Tundra Platinum ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |M |Tundra 1794 Edition ('22-'26) |- |P |Tundra TRD Pro ('22-'26) |- |V |Tundra Capstone ('22-'26) |- |W |Tundra Limited w/Nightshade Package or TRD Off-Road Package, Platinum w/TRD Off-Road Package ('24-'26), SR5 w/TRD Rally Package ('25-'26) |- |Z |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) w/Nightshade Package ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type 2010-=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Highlander ('10-'19), Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 8AR-FTS engine.<br> Lexus NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21), IS200t ('16-'17), IS300 RWD ('18-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine. Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius (Two Eco, Three, Three Touring, Four, Four Touring trim levels) ('16-'18), Prius 2wd ('19-'22),<br> Corolla Hybrid ('21-'22). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 2 Front motors: 1NM (MG2), 1SM (MG1).<br> Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('20-'24). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Avalon Hybrid ('21-'22), Lexus ES300h ('21-'25). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Venza Hybrid ('21-'24). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Toyota Tundra SR5, Limited, Platinum, 1794 Edition ('22-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown XLE, Limited Hybrid Awd ('23-'26), Crown Nightshade Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26), Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26), Lexus TX350 ('24-'26),<br> 4Runner ('25-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) +<br> 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid 2wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('10-'11), Lexus HS250h ('10-'12). |- | B || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('10-'15). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius (Two trim level: '16-'18), (One trim level: '17-'18), Corolla Hybrid ('20). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('20-'26), Lexus RX350h Awd ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (205 hp).<br> Toyota Avalon Awd ('21). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) (detuned version - 348 or 358 hp). Toyota Tundra SR ('22-'26). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LX600 ('22-'26), GX550 ('24-'26). |- | B || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [Japanese-built] ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla [Japanese-built] ('26-). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus TX500h Awd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26), 4Runner i-Force Max 4wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (278 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR5, TRD PreRunner, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, & Limited w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h 2wd ('25-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h Awd ('10-'15), Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('11-'16). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('10-'11). |- | C || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tundra i-Force Max ('22-'26). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Hybrid 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX500h Awd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus TX550h+ Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [326 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, & TRD Pro] ('24). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown Signia Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [Total system hp: 323 hp on Trailhunter or 326 hp on all others]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, & TRD Pro] ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h 2wd ('26-). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus CT200h ('11-'17). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('12-'17), Avalon Hybrid ('13-'18). |- | D || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 1LM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius C ('12-'19). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp).<br> Lexus NX250 ('22-'25). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Corolla Hybrid Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine. Toyota Highlander ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Max Awd ('24-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (228 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | D || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LX700h ('25-'26). |- | D || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [UK-built] ('26-). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2wd ('26-). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla XRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12), Matrix S, XRS ('10-'13),<br> Scion tC ('10), Scion xB ('10-'15). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('10-'17), IS350C ('10-'15),<br> GS350 ('10-'11, '13-'15), RC350 ('15-'17). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (270 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR, TRD Sport, & TRD Off-Road w/man. trans. ('24-'26). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 2VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Fwd ('26-). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('10-'17), Scion tC ('11-'16), RAV4 ('10-'18). |- | F || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('10-'15), IS250C ('10-'15). |- | F || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('16). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Crown Platinum Hybrid Max Awd ('23-'26). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor) [323 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [Trailhunter] ('24). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus RX450h Awd ('16-'22), RX450hL Awd ('18-'22). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('17-'19). |- | G || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus NX350 ('22-'26). |- | G || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Awd ('26-). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 3ZR-FAE engine. Toyota C-HR ('18-'22). |- | H || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26). |- | J || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1NR-FE engine. Scion iQ ('12-'15). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus NX300h Awd ('15-'21), RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('16-'18). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('10-'18), Camry V6 ('10-'17), Highlander ('10-'16),<br> RAV4 ('10-'12), Sienna ('10-'16), Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), RX350 ('10-'15). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h Awd ('22-'26). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX450h+ Awd ('22-'26). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('10-'17), GS460 ('10-'11). |- | M || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12), Tundra ('10-'19), Lexus GX460 ('10-'23). |- | M || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine (detuned version - 255 hp).<br> Lexus IS300 AWD ('16-'17), RC300 AWD ('16-'17). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('10-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 5JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus SC430 ('10). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('10-'14), RC F ('15-'25), GS F ('16-'20), LC500 ('18-'26),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25). |- | P || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine.<br> Toyota Corolla sedan LE Eco ('14-'19), Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22). |- | R || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Sienna Hybrid 2wd ('21-'26). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('13-'18). |- | S || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sienna Hybrid Awd ('21-'26). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Tacoma ('10-'15), Tundra ('10). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24), FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Tundra ('11-'14). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Toyota Corolla sedan [except XRS & LE Eco] ('10-'19),<br> Matrix [base model] ('10-'13 & in Canada '14), Scion xD ('10-'14). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('10). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'18), Tundra ('10-'19). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus ES300h ('13-'18), NX300h 2wd ('15-'16). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Hybrid [all] ('19-'20), RAV4 Hybrid LE, XLE ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid Woodland Edition ('23-'25). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('10-'23), 4Runner 2wd ('10). |- | X || 4.8L || 72° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Engine co-developed by Yamaha. Toyota 1LR-GUE engine. Lexus LFA ('12). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22), Tundra ('10-'21),<br> Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21), Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21). |- | Y || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles.<br> Toyota 8GR-FXS engine + 2NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LC500h ('18-'25), LS500h ('18-'25). |- | Z || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine.<br> Lexus GS350 ('16-'20), RX350 ('16-'22), RX350L ('18-'22), IS350 ('18-'26), RC350 ('18-'25), ES350 ('19-'25),<br> Toyota Tacoma ('16-'23), Highlander ('17-'22), Sienna ('17-'20), Camry ('18-'24), Avalon ('19-'22). |- | 1 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp or <br> 202 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (L, LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('18-'20),<br> Camry (LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('21-'24), RAV4 ('19-'25), Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25). |- | 2 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (SE, XLE trim levels) ('18-'19),<br> Avalon Hybrid ('19-'20), Lexus ES300h ('19-'20). |- | 3 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (LE trim level) ('18-'19),<br> Camry Hybrid [all models] ('20-'24). |- | 3 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus UX200 2wd ('19-'22). |- | 4 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'22), Corolla sedan ('23-'26). |- | 5 || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LS500 ('18-'26). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (206 hp or <br> 205 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (XSE trim level) ('18-'24). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid XLE Premium, XSE, Limited ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid SE ('22-'25). |- | 6 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h 2wd ('23-'24). |- | 8 || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine (detuned version - 260 hp). Lexus IS300 AWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('18-'25). |- | 9 || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius AWD-e ('19-'22). |- | 9 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h Awd ('19-'24). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 2010-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | L || 41.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || M7M5 motor made by Tesla. Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14). |- | V || 12 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2KM motor. Scion iQ EV ('13). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Toyota bZ4X FWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1XM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota C-HR EV AWD ('26-), Subaru Uncharted Sport, GT AWD ('26-). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1YM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Toyota bZ4X AWD ('23-'25), Subaru Solterra AWD ('23-'25). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Lexus RZ300e FWD ('24-'25). |- | B || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted Premium FWD [Canada: FWD LR] ('26-). |- | C || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted FWD (Canada only: '26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited FWD ('26-), Lexus ES350e ('26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('26-). |- | C || 77 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ550e AWD ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited AWD ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT AWD ('26-),<br> Lexus ES500e ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Lexus RZ350e FWD ('26-). |- | E || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear). Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited AWD ('26-). |- | F || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE FWD ('26-). |- | G || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ Woodland AWD ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker AWD ('26-). |} ====Motor Type for Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | V || 1.6 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Hydrogen || Front || 4JM motor. Toyota Mirai ('16-'20). |- | A || 1.24 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Hydrogen || Rear || 3KM motor. Toyota Mirai ('21-'26). |} ===Restraint System=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description !Application |- |1 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus HS250h '10-'12, ES350 '10-'25,<br> ES250 AWD '21-'25, ES300h '13-'25,<br> ES350h '26-, ES350e '26-, ES500e '26-,<br> GS200t '16-'17, GS300 '18-'19,<br> GS350 '10-'11, '13-'20, GS460 '10-'11,<br> GS450h '10-'11, '13-'18, GS F '16-'20,<br> LS460 '10-'17 (Opt.), LS600hL '10-'12 (Opt.), LS600hL '13-'16, LS500 '18-'26, LS500h '18-'21,<br> RX350 '10-'15, RX450h '10-'15, IS250 '14-'15,<br> IS200t '16-'17, IS300 RWD '18-'25,<br> IS300 AWD '16-'25, IS350 '14-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance '22-'25,<br> Camry '12-'24, Avalon '13-'22 |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C, IS350C '10-'15 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '10-'12, Camry '10-'11, Prius '10-'15,<br> Prius V '12-'17 & '18 in Canada,<br> Scion tC '10,<br> Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada,<br> Highlander '10-'13, Sienna '11-'14 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag (Though not reflected in the VIN, a Front passenger seat cushion airbag is also standard.) |Sienna '15-'20 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 Prime '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '25 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for all rows |Corolla '10-'13,<br> Matrix '10-'13 & in Canada '14,<br> Yaris hatchback '10-'11, Yaris sedan '10-'12,<br> Scion xD '10-'12, Scion xB '10-'15,<br> Sienna '10, FJ Cruiser '10-'14,<br> Tacoma '10-'15 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for 1st 2 rows |RAV4 '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |4Runner '10-'26, Sequoia '10-'22,<br> Tundra '10-'26, Scion tC '11-'16,<br> Tacoma '16-'23, Tacoma Double Cab '24-'26,<br> Lexus LS460 '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'12, IS250/IS350 '10-'13, IS F '10-'14,<br> CT200h '11-'17, RC200t '16-'17,<br> RC300 RWD '18-'25, RC300 AWD '16-'25,<br> RC350 '15-'25, RC F '15-'25,<br> LC500 coupe '18-'26, LC500h '18-'25 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'21,<br> Lexus GX460 '10-'23, LX570 '10-'11, '13-'21, LX600 '22-'26, LX700h '25-'26 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Lexus LFA '12 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26, Camry '25-'26,<br> Crown Signia '25-'26, Sequoia '23-'26,<br> bZ4X '23-'25, bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-,<br> C-HR EV '26-,<br> Subaru Solterra '23-'26, Trailseeker '26-, Uncharted '26-,<br> Lexus RZ450e '23-'26, RZ300e '24-'25,<br> RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26- |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LC500 convertible '21-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Venza '21-'24, Grand Highlander '24-'26,<br> Lexus TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26,<br> TX550h+ '24-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Corolla Cross '22-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury '22-'24,<br> LX700h Ultra Luxury '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla '23-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24,<br> Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Tacoma XtraCab '24-'26 |- |B |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla Morizo Edition '23, GRMN Corolla '26- |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus NX250 '22-'25, NX350 '22-'26,<br> NX350h '22-'26, NX450h+ '22-'26 |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus GX550 '24-'26 |- |F |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Land Cruiser '24-'26 |- |J |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus UX200 '19-'22, UX250h '19-'24,<br> UX300h '25-'26 |- |K |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350L '18-'22, RX450hL '18-'22,<br> Sienna '21-'26 |- |L |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LS500 '18-'25 (Opt.), LS500h '18-'21 (Opt.), LS500h '22-'25 |- |M |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350 '16-'26, RX450h '16-'22,<br> RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26,<br> RX450h+ '24-'26, C-HR '18-'22, Corolla '21-'27, Prius '21-'22, Prius Prime '21-'22 |- |P |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Scion xD '13-'14 |- |R |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 '13-'25, RAV4 Hybrid '16-'26,<br> RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '26-,<br> Corolla '14-'20, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Highlander '14-'26, Prius '16-'20,<br> Prius Prime '17-'20, Mirai '16-'20,<br> Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'21,<br> NX300h '15-'21 |- |T |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Prius C '12-'19 |- |U |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Yaris hatchback '12-'18 & '19 in Canada |- |X |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags, and Rear Window airbag |Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13 |- |} ===Series=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Lexus LC500 ('18-'26) URZ100L, LC500h ('18-'25) GWZ100L |- |B |Scion TC ('10) ANT10L |- |B |Scion XD ('10-'14) ZSP110L |- |B |Lexus HS250h ('10-'12) ANF10L |- |B |Lexus CT200h ('11-'17) ZWA10L |- |B |Lexus LFA ('12) LFA10L |- |B |Scion iQ ('12-'15) NGJ10L, Scion iQ EV ('13) KPJ10L |- |B |Toyota Prius C ('12-'19) NHP10L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('13-'15) GRL10L, GS350 4wd ('13-'15) GRL15L |- |B |Lexus GS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & GS300 2wd ('18-'19) ARL10L, GS350 2wd ('16-'19) GRL12L, GS350 4wd ('16-'19) GRL16L, GS F ('16-'20) URL10L |- |B |Lexus GS450h ('13-'18) GWL10L |- |B |Lexus RC350 2wd ('15-'19) GSC10L, RC350 4wd ('15-'19) GSC15L, RC F ('15-'25) USC10L |- |B |Lexus RC200t 2wd ('16-'17) & RC300 2wd ('18-'19) ASC10L, RC300 4wd ('16-'19) GSC16L |- |B |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) JPD10L |- |B |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) ZGX10L |- |B |Toyota Corolla hatchback ('19-'27) MZEA12L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25) GSZ10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES300h ('19-'20) AXZH10L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Lexus UX200 ('19-'22) MZAA10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('23-'24) MZAH10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('19-'24) MZAH15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus IS250 2wd ('10-'13) GSE20L, IS250 4wd ('10-'13) GSE25L, IS350 2wd ('10-'13) GSE21L, IS350 4wd ('11-'13) GSE26L, IS F ('10-'14) USE20L |- |C |Lexus IS250C ('10-'15) GSE20L, IS350C ('10-'15) GSE21L |- |C |Scion TC ('11-'16) AGT20L |- |D |Toyota Avalon ('10-'12) GSX30L |- |D |Toyota Prius ('10-'15) ZVW30L |- |D |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15) ZVW35L |- |D |Toyota Yaris hatchback: NCP131L ('12-'18 & '19 in Canada) |- |D |Lexus IS250 2wd ('14-'15) GSE30L, IS250 4wd ('14-'15) GSE35L |- |D |Lexus IS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & IS300 2wd ('18-'19) ASE30L, IS300 4wd ('16-'19) GSE37L |- |D |Lexus IS350 2wd ('14-'19) GSE31L, IS350 4wd ('14-'19) GSE36L |- |E |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13) ZRE142L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12) AZE141L |- |E |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13 & in Canada '14) ZRE142L,<br> Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('10-'13) AZE141L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('10-'13) AZE144L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) AZE146L |- |E |Toyota Camry ('10-'11) I4: ASV40L, V6: GSV40L, Hybrid: AHV40L |- |E |Lexus ES350 ('10-'12) GSV40L |- |E |Lexus LS460 2wd ('10-'17) USF40L, LS460L 2wd ('10-'17) USF41L, LS460 4wd ('10-'17) USF45L, LS460L 4wd ('10-'17) USF46L |- |E |Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16) UVF46L |- |E |Lexus SC430 ('10) UZZ40L |- |E |Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada) ZVW41L |- |E |Toyota Avalon ('13-'18) V6: GSX40L, Hybrid: AVX40L |- |F |Toyota Camry ('12-'17) I4: ASV50L, V6: GSV50L, Hybrid: AVV50L |- |F |Toyota Prius ('16-'18) ZVW50L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, 2wd), ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd) |- |F |Toyota Prius ('19-'22) ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd), ZVW55L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22) ZVW52L (Lithium-ion Battery, PHEV, 2wd) |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('18-'19) VXFA50L, LS500 4wd ('18-'19) VXFA55L |- |F |Lexus LS500h 2wd ('18-'19) GVF50L, LS500h 4wd ('18-'19) GVF55L |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'22) V6: GSX50L (2wd) |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'20) Hybrid: AXXH50L (2wd) (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('13-'18) GSV60L |- |G |Lexus ES300h ('13-'18) AVV60L |- |H |Toyota Corolla sedan ('14-'19) ZRE172L |- |H |Toyota Camry ('18-'19) I4: AXVA70L, V6: GSV70L, Hybrid: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery), AXVH71L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |J |Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18) ZRE186L |- |K |Toyota Yaris - Hatchback: NCP91L ('10-'11), 4-d sedan: NCP93L ('10-'12) |- |K |Lexus GS350 2wd ('10-'11) GRS191L, GS350 4wd ('10-'11) GRS196L |- |K |Lexus GS460 ('10-'11) URS190L |- |K |Lexus GS450h ('10-'11) GWS191L |- |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ200L |- |A |Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ201L. In '20-'21, also denotes 4wd. |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |B |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('10-'14) GSJ10L (2wd), GSJ15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV10L (2wd), GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('16 [Canada only]) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX350 ('10-'15) GGL10L (2wd), GGL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX450h ('10-'15) GYL10L (2wd), GYL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX200t ('15-'17) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('18-'19) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300h - 2wd: AYZ10L ('15-'16), 4wd: AYZ15L ('15-'19) |- |B |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('16-'23) GRN310L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Sienna ('10) 2wd: GSL20L, 4wd: GSL25L |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) TRN220L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma X-Runner Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13 & '14 in Canada & '14-'15 in HI) GRN225L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Lexus RX350 ('16-'19) GGL20L (2wd), GGL25L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX350L ('18-'19) GGL21L (2wd), GGL26L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX450h - 2wd: GYL20L ('16), 4wd: GYL25L ('16-'19) |- |C |Lexus RX450hL 4wd: GYL26L ('18-'19) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada) I4: ASL30L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'20) V6: GSL30L (2wd), GSL35L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 ('10-'12) I4: ASA38L (2wd), ASA33L (4wd), V6: GSA38L (2wd), GSA33L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14) QEA38L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN330L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('10) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('11-'13) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) TRN240L (I4) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) TRN245L (I4), GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 ('13-'18) I4: ASA42L (2wd), ASA44L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'18) AVA44L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) TRN245L (I4) |- |F |Scion XB ('10-'15) AZE151L |- |F |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('10-'15) GRN250L (V6) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('10-'13) GSK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('14) GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('10) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('11-'13) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('14-'19) UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('10) USK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('11-'17) USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('18-'21) USK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('10) UPK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('11-'19) UPK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('10-'13) USK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('14-'17) USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('18-'21) USK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Lexus GX460 ('10-'19) URJ150L |- |F |Toyota Highlander ('14-'19) I4: ASU50L (2wd), V6: GSU50L (2wd), GSU55L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU58L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 ('19-'25) I4: AXAA52L (2wd), AXAA54L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid: ('19-'25) AXAH54L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd), ('21-'25) AXAL54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24) & RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25) AXAP54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12) 4.6L V8: UPK60L (2wd), UPK65L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('13-'20) 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('10) TRN260L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) TRN265L (I4), GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |H |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN270L (V6) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10) I4: TRN280L (2wd) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24) V6: GRN280L (2wd), GRN285L (4wd) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Series & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22) w/1.8L 2ZR-FAE engine: ZRE212L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 2wd: AXVA70L, V6 2wd: GSV70L, Hybrid 2wd: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Avalon ('21-'22) Hybrid: AXXH51L (2wd) (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) JPD20L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (Japan-built) |- |A |Toyota Crown ('23-'26) 2.5L Hybrid Awd: AZSH35L, 2.4L Turbo Hybrid Max Awd: TZSH35L |- |A |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Crown Signia ('25-'26) AZSH38L, Awd |- |A |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH11L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH21L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350e ('26-) XXZM21L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('20) ZWE211L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 Awd: AXVA75L |- |B |Lexus IS350 2wd ('20-'26) GSE31L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('20) GRL12L |- |B |Lexus RC300 2wd ('20-'25) ASC10L, RC350 2wd ('20-'25) GSC10L |- |B |Toyota Avalon ('21) I4 AWD: AXXA55L |- |B |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH65L, Awd |- |C |Toyota Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'26), FX Edition ('25) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA12L, 2wd |- |C |Lexus GS350 4wd ('20) GRL16L |- |C |Lexus ES300h ('21-'25) AXZH11L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |C |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24) & Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) MXWH61L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXVH80L |- |D |Lexus IS300 2wd ('20-'25) ASE30L, IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25) USE30L, 2wd |- |D |Lexus RC350 Awd ('20-'25) GSC15L |- |D |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('21-'22) ZWE213L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |D |Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25) AXZA15L, Awd |- |D |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (US-built) |- |D |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXVH85L |- |D |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH16L, Awd |- |D |Toyota GR Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (UK-built) |- |D |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH26L, Awd |- |D |Lexus ES500e ('26-) XXZM26L, Awd |- |E |Lexus IS350 Awd ('20-'26) GSE36L |- |E |Lexus RC300 Awd ('20-'25) GSC16L |- |E |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (Japan-built) |- |F |Lexus IS300 Awd ('20-'25) GSE37L |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('20-'25) VXFA50L, LS500h 2wd ('20-'21) GVF50L |- |F |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE219L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |G |Lexus LS500 Awd ('20-'26) VXFA55L, LS500h Awd ('20-'25) GVF55L |- |H |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE215L, Awd (Lithium-ion Battery) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 2wd: GSU70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('23-'25) I4 Turbo 2wd: TXUA70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'24) Hybrid 2wd: AXUH70L |- |A |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL20L (2wd) |- |A |Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) AXUH85L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH80L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |A |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA20L (2wd), NX350h ('26-) AAZH20L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) XEAM10L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus RZ450e ('23-'25) XEBM15L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TASA10L, Hybrid 2wd: AASH10L |- |A |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TJH250L |- |A |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TZNA50L |- |A |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL64L, Awd; RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-) AXAP64L, Awd |- |A |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-), Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 4wd: GSU75L |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('23-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TXUA75L |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus GX460 ('20-'23) URJ150L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK65L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH85L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26) MXGH15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA71L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH71L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |B |Toyota bZ4X (Early '23), Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |B |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e ('24-'25) XEBM10L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo Awd: TASA15L, Hybrid Awd: AASH15L, Hybrid Max Awd: TASH15L |- |B |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA15L (Awd), TX500h ('24-'26) TAUH15L (Awd) |- |B |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TZNA55L, i-Force MAX Hybrid 4wd: TZNH55L |- |B |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL62L, 2wd |- |B |Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM10L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Highlander ('20-'26) Hybrid 4wd: AXUH78L |- |C |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA72L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |C |Lexus LX600 ('22-'26) VJA310L (4wd), LX700h ('25-'26) VJH310L (4wd) |- |C |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA15L (Awd), RX350h ('23-'26) AALH15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus TX550h+ ('24-'26) GYU15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus RZ450e ('26-), RZ550e ('26-) XEBM25L, Awd |- |D |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ15L (Awd), NX300h ('20-'21) AYZ15L (Awd) |- |D |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL25L (Awd), RX450h ('20-'22) GYL25L (Awd) |- |D |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |D |Lexus GX550 ('24-'25) VJA252L, 4wd |- |D |Lexus RZ350e ('26-) XEBM20L, 2wd |- |E |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL21L (2wd) |- |E |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXLH40L |- |E |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA76L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH76L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |E |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA25L (Awd), NX350 ('22-'26) TAZA25L (Awd), NX350h ('22-'26) AAZH25L (Awd) |- |E |Lexus RX500h ('23-'26) TALH17L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota bZ ('26-) XEAM11L, 2wd |- |F |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL26L (Awd), RX450hL ('20-'22) GYL26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXLH45L |- |F |Lexus NX450h+ ('22-'26) AAZH26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5, TRD PreRunner XtraCab 2wd, SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab 2wd: TZNA40L (278 hp) |- |F |Toyota bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT ('26-) XEAM15L, Awd |- |G |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA77L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |G |Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26) AALH16L (Awd) |- |G |Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited ('26-) XEAM18L, Awd |- |H |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 2wd, SR Double Cab 2wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA41L (228 hp) |- |H |Toyota bZ Woodland ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker ('26-) XEAM17L, Awd |- |J |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5 XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/man. trans., SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited Double Cab 4wd: TZNA45L (278 hp w/auto. trans., 270 hp w/man. trans.) |- |K |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA46L (228 hp) |- |L |Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max Hybrid ('24-'26) TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, TRD Pro Double Cab 4wd: TZNH47L (326 total system hp [all except Trailhunter], 323 total system hp on Trailhunter) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Vehicle Line & Make=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Scion iQ, Toyota Scion iQ EV ('13) |- |1 |Toyota Tundra ('10-'21) |- |1 |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22) |- |1 |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25), ES250 AWD ('21-'25), ES300h ('19-'25) |- |1 |Lexus ES350h ('26-), ES350e ('26-), ES550e ('26-) |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS200t, IS300 RWD, IS300 AWD, IS350, IS F, IS 500 F Sport Performance, IS250C, IS350C |- |3 |Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12) |- |3 |Toyota Prius C |- |4 |Toyota Scion xD |- |5 |Toyota Grand Highlander, Grand Highlander Hybrid |- |6 |Lexus TX350, TX500h, TX550h+ |- |7 |Toyota Scion tC |- |A |Lexus HS250h |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350L, RX450h, RX450hL |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350h, RX500h, RX450h+ |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X, Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) |- |B |Toyota Avalon, Avalon Hybrid |- |B |Toyota bZ |- |B |Toyota bZ Woodland |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e, RZ350e, RZ450e, RZ550e |- |C |Toyota Sienna, Sienna Hybrid |- |C |Lexus RC200t, RC300 RWD, RC300 AWD, RC350, RC F |- |C |Subaru Solterra ('26-) |- |C |Subaru Trailseeker |- |D |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) |- |D |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-) |- |E |Toyota Corolla, GR Corolla, GRMN Corolla |- |E |Toyota Scion iM, Corolla iM |- |E |Toyota Matrix |- |E |Toyota Scion xB |- |E |Subaru Uncharted |- |F |Toyota FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |F |Lexus LS500, LS500h |- |F |Toyota Crown ('23-) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), ES300h ('13-'18) |- |G |Toyota Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid |- |H |Toyota Highlander, Highlander Hybrid |- |H |Lexus CT200h |- |H |Lexus LFA |- |H |Lexus UX200, UX250h, UX300h |- |H |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Full-size: '10-'11, '13-'21) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Mid-size: '24-'26) |- |J |Toyota Crown Signia |- |K |Toyota Camry, Camry Hybrid |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS450h ('13-'15) |- |L |Lexus GS200t, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('16-'17) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('18) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS F ('19) |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS F ('20) |- |N |Toyota Tacoma |- |P |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15), Prius Prime ('17-'22) |- |R |Toyota 4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS350, GS460, GS450h ('10-'11) |- |U |Toyota Prius, Prius V |- |U |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |- |V |Toyota RAV4, RAV4 Hybrid, RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26), RAV4 EV |- |X |Lexus GX460, GX550 |- |X |Lexus LX570, LX600, LX700h |- |X |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Y |Lexus LC500, LC500h |- |Z |Lexus NX200t, NX300, NX300h |- |Z |Lexus NX250, NX350, NX350h, NX450h+ |} ===Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2022- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |B |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 5.5 ft. Bed |- |C |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |D |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 8.1 ft. Bed |} ==VIN Format 1996-2009== Toyota has used the following VIN format from 1996-2009 for North America and since 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |5 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |D |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |H |MPV: [[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |Truck: [[#Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System|Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System]] |- |5 |F |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |8 |C ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |S |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo) |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo, Yaris, Corolla, Camry, Avalon, '01-'03 Prius, Lexus ES, IS, GS, LS) |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD ('96-'97 Paseo, '96-'98 Celica, '96 Camry coupe, '99-'08 Camry Solara, '96-'00 Lexus SC300/SC400) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus GS300 AWD '06, GS350 AWD '07-'09, LS460 AWD '09) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD ('96-'05 Celica, '96-'98 Supra, '05-'09 Scion tC) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD ('09 Lexus LS460L AWD, '08-'09 LS600hL) |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD ('96 Corolla wagon, '96 Camry wagon, '02-'05 Lexus IS300 SportCross) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD ('97 Paseo conv., '96-'99 Celica conv., '00-'08 Camry Solara conv., '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '02-'09 Lexus SC430) |- |G |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS ('09 Matrix XRS) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD ('07-'09 Lexus LS460L) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD ('07-'09 Yaris 3-door) |- |K |4DR Hatchback or 5DR Liftback 2WD ('04-'09 Prius, '09 Yaris 5-door) / 5DR Sedan 2WD ('03-'08 Matrix 2wd, Scion xA, xD) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension ('09 Matrix Base model & S 2wd) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD ('03-'06, '09 Matrix 4wd) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 Lexus GX470) |- |D |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'97 Previa, '98-'00 Sienna, '96-'05 RAV4, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '01-'07 Highlander,<br> '96-'02 4Runner) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'97 Previa All-Trac, '96-'05 RAV4, '01-'07 Highlander, '96-'02 4Runner, '96-'09 Land Cruiser, '99-'03 Lexus RX300,<br> '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '96-'97 Lexus LX450, '98-'07 LX470, '08-'09 LX570) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'06, '08-'09 Scion xB) |- |X |2DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Y |2DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD ('98-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia) |- |} ===Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {{center|'''All have hydraulic brakes.'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |Tundra Access Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |D |Tundra Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |E |Tundra Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |G |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |H |Tacoma Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |J |T100 Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98), Tundra Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |R |Tundra Access Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |S |Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('98-'04) |- |T |T100 XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |U |T100 XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |V |Tacoma XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |W |Tacoma XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |L |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |M |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |R |Tundra Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |B |Tundra Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |S |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |C |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |E |Tundra CrewMax LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |D |Tundra CrewMax LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Engine Type 1996-2009=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('96-'97). |- | A || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330 ('04-'06),<br> Camry Solara ('04-'08). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla, Celica ST ('96-'97). |- | B || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 3CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('04-'09). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('07-'09). |- | C || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada), Paseo ('96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('07-'09). |- | D || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 2JZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Supra ('96-'98), Lexus GS300 ('96-'05), SC300 ('96-'00), IS300 ('01-'05). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('01-'07), RAV4 ('04-'08). |- | E || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('96-'98). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('02-'09), Camry Solara ('02-'08), Scion tC ('05-'09),<br> Scion xB ('08-'09), Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS ('09). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('06-'09), GS350 ('07-'09). |- | E || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine. Toyota Venza, Highlander ('09). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('96-'03), Avalon ('96-'99), Sienna ('98-'00),<br> Lexus ES300 ('96-'98), Camry Solara ('99-'03). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry LE V6, XLE V6 ('04-'06), Avalon ('00-'04),<br> Highlander ('01-'03), Sienna ('01-'03), Lexus ES300 ('99-'03), RX300 ('99-'03). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('09). |- | G || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT ('96-'99), Camry ('96-'01), Camry Solara ('99-'01). |- | H || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400, SC400 ('96-'00), GS400 ('98-'00). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1AZ-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03). |- | H || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3GR-FSE engine. Lexus GS300 ('06). |- | J || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX450 ('96-'97). |- | J || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Lexus ES350 ('07-'09). |- | K || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('96-'97). |- | K || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 2CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('01-'03). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('05-'09), RAV4 ('06-'09), Camry V6, Sienna,<br> Lexus RX350 ('07-'09), Venza ('09). |- | K || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('06-'09). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('96-'04). |- | L || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus GS430 ('01-'05). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('07-'09), GS460 ('08-'09). |- | L || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Japanese-built Toyota Corolla ('09). |- | M || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'00), T100 ('96-'98). |- | N || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'02), T100 ('96-'98), Tundra ('00-'04). |- | N || 2.2L || I4 || CNG || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FNE engine. Toyota Camry ('00-'01). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS430 ('01-'06), SC430 ('02-'09), GS430 ('06-'07). |- | P || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('96-'00). |- | P || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('04-'07). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('08-'09). |- | R || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('00 & later). Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('98-'08), Celica GT, MR2 Spyder ('00-'05),<br> Matrix ('03-'08). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('08-'09). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'05), Toyota Tundra ('00-'04),<br> Sequoia ('01-'04), 4Runner, Lexus GX470 ('03-'04). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('06-'07), Toyota 4Runner, Sequoia, Tundra, Lexus GX470 ('05-'09). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Echo ('00-'05), Yaris ('07-'09), Scion xA, xB ('04-'06). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09), Tacoma, Tundra ('05-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Scion xD ('08-'09), US- & Canadian-built Toyota Corolla ('09),<br> Matrix ('09). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09). |- | V || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Tundra ('07-'09). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid ('06-'09), Lexus RX400h ('06-'08). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Tundra ('09). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('05-'09). |- | Y || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVTL-i. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('00-'05), Matrix XRS ('03-'06), Corolla XRS ('05-'06). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia, Land Cruiser, Lexus LX570 ('08-'09). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence, VVTL-i= Variable Valve Timing and Lift w/Intelligence, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 1996-2009==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | S || 27.4 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Electricity || Front || 1BM motor. Toyota RAV4 EV ('98-'03). |} ===Series 1996-2009=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('96-'97): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door ('96-'97) or wagon ('96) w/1.8L engine: AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('96-'97): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('96-'99): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry ('96) I4: SXV'''1'''0L, V6: MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 ('96) MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('96-'99) MCX'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Corolla ('98-'02) ZZE1'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Echo ('00-'05) NCP'''1'''2L |- |1 |Toyota Prius ('01-'03) NHW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) JCE'''1'''0L |- |1 |Scion TC ('05-'09) ANT1'''0'''L |- |1 |Scion XD ('08-'09) ZSP1'''1'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('96-'00) UCF'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Camry ('97-'01) I4: SXV'''2'''0L, V6: MCV'''2'''0L, CNG I4 ('00-'01): SXV'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Camry Solara - 2.2L I4 ('99-'01): SXV'''2'''0L, 2.4L I4 ('02-'03): ACV'''2'''0L, V6 ('99-'03): MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus ES300 ('97-'01) MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Avalon ('00-'04) MCX'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Prius ('04-'09) NHW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus IS250 2wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''0L, IS250 4wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''5L, IS350 ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''1L, IS F ('08-'09) USE'''2'''0L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('96-'00) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('96-'00) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Celica - GT w/1ZZ-FE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''0L, GT-S w/2ZZ-GE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) ZZW'''3'''0L |- |3 |Lexus LS430 ('01-'06) UCF'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Camry ('02-'06) I4: ACV'''3'''0L, 3.0L V6: MCV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 SE V6): MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Camry Solara ('04-'08) I4 : ACV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6: MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus ES300 ('02-'03) MCV'''3'''0L, ES330 ('04-'06) MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Corolla w/1ZZ-FE engine ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''0L, Corolla XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('05-'06) ZZE1'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 2wd ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''2L, Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 4wd ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''3L |- |3 |Toyota Avalon ('05-'09) GSX'''3'''0L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('96-'97) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |4 |Lexus SC430 ('02-'09) UZZ'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Camry ('07-'09) I4: ACV'''4'''0L, V6: GSV'''4'''0L, Hybrid: AHV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus ES350 ('07-'09) GSV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''0L, LS460L 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''1L |- |4 |Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09) UVF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''5L, LS460L 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''6L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel (US: '96-'98, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''3L |- |5 |Toyota Paseo (US: '96-'97, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''4L |- |6 |Lexus GS300 ('98-'05) JZS1'''6'''0L, GS400 ('98-'00) UZS1'''6'''0L, GS430 ('01-'05) UZS1'''6'''1L |- |6 |Scion XA ('04-'06) NCP'''6'''1L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('96-'98) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Yaris ('07-'09) Hatchback: NCP'''9'''1L, 4-d sedan: NCP'''9'''3L |- |9 |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''0L, GS300 4wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''5L |- |9 |Lexus GS350 2wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''1L, GS350 4wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''6L |- |9 |Lexus GS430 ('06-'07) UZS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS460 ('08-'09) URS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS450h ('07-'09) GWS1'''9'''1L |- |} CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('98-'07), Lexus LX470 ('98-'07) UZJ1'''0'''0L |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''0L |- |0 |Lexus LX570 ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('96-'97) TCR'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 2wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''5L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''6L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 4wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''0L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 EV 2wd ('98-'03) 4-door: BEA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Sienna ('98-'03) MCL'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03) MCU'''1'''0L (2wd), MCU'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09) V6: GRN2'''1'''0L (2wd), GRN2'''1'''5L (4wd), V8: UZN2'''1'''0L (2wd), UZN2'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('07-'09) GSJ'''1'''0L (2wd), GSJ'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota Venza 2wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''0L, V6: GGV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Venza 4wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''5L, V6: GGV'''1'''5L |- |1 |Toyota T100 I4 2wd ('96-'98) RCK'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota T100 V6 2wd ('96-'98) VCK'''1'''1L |- |2 |Toyota T100 V6 4wd ('96-'98) VCK'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('96-'97) TCR'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03) ACA'''2'''6L (2wd), ACA'''2'''1L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('04-'05) ACA'''2'''8L (2wd), ACA'''2'''3L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('04-'06) 2wd: MCL'''2'''0L, 4wd: MCL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('07-'09) 2wd: GSL'''2'''0L, 4wd: GSL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 2wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''0L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''0L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''3L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 4wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''5L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''5L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''8L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''8L |- |2 |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) UZJ1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''0L (I4) |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''5L (I4), GRN2'''2'''5L (V6) |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 2wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''3'''0L, '05-'06 4.0L V6: GSK'''3'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 2wd ('04-'06) UCK'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Sequoia ('01-'07) UCK'''3'''5L (2wd), UCK'''4'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Scion XB ('04-'06) NCP'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus RX330 ('04-'06) MCU'''3'''3L (2wd), MCU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX350 ('07-'09) GSU'''3'''0L (2wd), GSU'''3'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX400h ('06-'08) MHU'''3'''3L (2wd), MHU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('06-'08) I4: ACA'''3'''8L (2wd), ACA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('09) I4: ASA'''3'''8L (2wd), ASA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''5L (I4), GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 4wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''4'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 4wd ('04-'06) UCK'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('08) 2wd: GSU'''4'''0L, 4wd: GSU'''4'''5L, Hybrid 4wd: MHU'''4'''8L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('09) I4: ASU'''4'''0L (2wd), V6: GSU'''4'''0L (2wd), GSU'''4'''5L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU'''4'''8L (4wd) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''5'''0L (2.4L I4), VZN1'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('07-'09) GSK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Scion XB ('08-'09) AZE1'''5'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''6'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''0L (I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''5L (I4), GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Sequoia ('08-'09) 4.7L V8: UCK'''6'''0L (2wd), UCK'''6'''5L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK'''6'''0L (2wd), USK'''6'''5L (4wd) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''7'''1L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab 4wd ('01-'04) VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''7'''0L (V6) |- |8 |Toyota 4Runner - '96-'00 I4: RZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), RZN1'''8'''5L (4wd), '96-'02 V6: VZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), VZN1'''8'''5L (4wd) |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('96-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab [2wd] ('99-'04) RZN1'''9'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab [2wd] ('98-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab [2wd] ('01-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America)<br> Note: Toyota/Lexus VINs before 2010 do not reflect if the vehicle has rear-seat side airbags. Some Lexus ES, GS, & LS models are so equipped. !Code !Description !Application |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags |Tercel '96-'98, Corolla '96-'08, Camry '96-'06, Avalon '96-'97, Paseo '96-'97, Celica '96-'05,<br> Supra '96-'98, Camry Solara '99-'03, Echo '00-'05, MR2 Spyder '00-'05, Prius '01-'06,<br> Matrix '03-'08, Yaris '07-'08, Scion xA '04-'06, Lexus ES300 '96-'97, GS300 '96-'97, LS400 '96,<br> SC300/SC400 '96-'00 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '07-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '05-'09, Camry '07-'09, Scion tC '05-'07 (Opt.), Scion tC '08-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LS430 '04-'06, LS460 '07-'09, LS600hL '08-'09, GS300 '06, GS350 '07-'09,<br> GS430 '06-'07, GS460 '08-'09, GS450h '07-'09, IS250/IS350 '06-'09, IS F '08-'09,<br> ES350 '07-'09 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Scion tC '05-'07 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Side Airbags |Corolla '98-'04 (Opt.), Camry '98-'01 (Opt.), Avalon '98-'04, Camry Solara '99-'03 (Opt.),<br> Camry Solara coupe '04-'06, Camry Solara convertible '04-'08, Celica '00-'05 (Opt.),<br> Echo '01-'05 (Opt.), Prius '01-'03 (Opt.), Matrix '03-'04 (Opt.), Lexus LS400 '97-'00,<br> ES300 '98-'01, GS300/GS400 '98-'00, IS300 '01, SC430 '02-'06 |- |9 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front-seat Side Curtain Airbags |Lexus GS300/GS430 '01-'05, IS300 '02-'05 |- |0 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Camry '02-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '04-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '07-'08,<br> Prius '04-'06 (Opt.), Prius '07-'09, Corolla '05-'08 (Opt.), Corolla '09, Matrix '05-'08 (Opt.), Matrix '09, Yaris '07-'08 (Opt.), Yaris '09, Scion xA '04-'06 (Opt.), Scion xD '08-'09, Lexus LS430 '01-'03, ES300 '02-'03, ES330 '04-'06 |- |} ===Grade=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |RAV4 ('96-'05), Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), GX470 ('03-'09), LX470 ('98-'07), LX570 ('08-'09), Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |1 |T100 [Base model] ('96-'98), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander/Highlander Hybrid [Base model] ('08-'09), RAV4 Limited 2-row ('06-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09), Venza ('09), Lexus RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09), RX400h ('06-'08) |- |2 |Previa DX ('96-'97), Tacoma [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('98-'00), Tacoma ('01-'09), T100 DX ('96-'98), Tundra [Base model] ('00-'09),<br> Sienna XLE ('04-'09), Sienna XLE Limited ('04-'05), Sienna Limited ('06-'09), Scion xB w/auto. trans. ('04-'06), RAV4 Sport 2-row ('06-'09),<br> Highlander Limited ('08-'09) |- |3 |Previa LE ('96-'97), Sienna LE, XLE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [US market] ('04-'09), Sienna LE ('04-'09), Scion xB w/man. trans. ('04-'06),<br> RAV4 [Base model, 2-row] ('06-'09), Highlander Sport ('08-'09) |- |4 |4Runner [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('96-'97), Tacoma Limited ('98-'00), T100 SR5 ('96-'98), Tundra SR5 ('00-'09), Sequoia SR5 ('01-'09),<br> 4Runner SR5, Sport ('03-'09), RAV4 Limited 3-row ('06-'09), Highlander Hybrid Limited ('08-'09) |- |5 |Land Cruiser ('96-'09), RAV4 [Base model, 3-row] ('06-'09) |- |6 |4Runner SR5 ('96-'02) |- |7 |4Runner Limited ('96-'09), Sequoia Platinum ('08-'09) |- |8 |Lexus LX450 ('96-'97), Tundra Limited ('00-'09), Sequoia Limited ('01-'09) |- |9 |Sienna CE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [Canadian market] ('04-'09) |} ===Vehicle Line=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra |- |2 |Lexus IS300 |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS350, IS F |- |3 |Echo / Yaris |- |4 |Scion xA / Scion xD |- |4 |Scion xB ('04-'06) |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Supra |- |A |Highlander |- |A |Sequoia |- |A |Venza |- |B |Avalon |- |C |Sienna |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix |- |E |Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS400 |- |F |Lexus LS430 |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |G |Lexus ES300, ES330, ES350 |- |H |Paseo |- |J |Land Cruiser |- |J |Lexus LX450 |- |K |Camry |- |L |Tercel |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS300, GS350 |- |S |Lexus GS430, GS460 |- |S |Lexus GS450h |- |T |Celica |- |U |Prius |- |U |Lexus RX300 |- |U |Lexus RX330, RX350, RX400h |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |Lexus LX470, LX570 |- |X |Lexus GS400 |- |X |Lexus GX470 |- |Y |RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |Y |Lexus SC400 |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Z |Lexus SC300 |- |} ==VIN Format 1981-1995== For vehicles prior to model year 1996 for North America and 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |V |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |N |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |1 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |3 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |G ||[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System]] |- |9 |3 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |R |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |5 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |6 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |2 |- |14 |2 |- |15 |2 |- |16 |1 |- |17 |7 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |3 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |J |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |4 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |V ||[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |D |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Drivetrain Type|Drivetrain Type]] |- |7 |2 |[[#Cab Type & Chassis|Cab Type & Chassis]] |- |8 |P ||[[#Series (Grade) & Brake System|Series (Grade) & Brake System]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} ===Engine Type 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3A-C engine. Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82), Tercel ('83-'86), Tercel wagon ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('83), Corolla Sport DX, SR5 ('84-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GELC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 ('85-'89), Corolla FX-16 ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GEC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GZE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89) |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla GT-S ('88-'91). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-F engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'89). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'95), Celica ST ('90-'93). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FE engine. Toyota Previa ('91-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('94-'95). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'85). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('84-'85). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('86). |- | D || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('93-'95). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || 1-bbl carb. Toyota 3E engine. Toyota Tercel ('87-'90). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3E-E engine. Toyota Tercel ('90-'94). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('95), Paseo ('92-'95). |- | F || 4.2L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || 2-bbl. Carb. Toyota 2F engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('81-'87). |- | F || 4.0L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3F-E engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('88-'92). |- | G || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('94-'95), Avalon ('95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2JZ-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('93-'95), Lexus SC300 ('92-'95), GS300 ('93-'95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('93-'95). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4K-C engine. Toyota Starlet ('81-'82). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4K-E engine. Toyota Starlet ('83-'84). |- | L || 2.2L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota L engine. Toyota Pickup ('81-'83). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L engine. Toyota Pickup ('84-'85). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L-T engine. Toyota Pickup ('85). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-E engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('81), Cressida ('81-'82). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-GE engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86), Cressida ('83-'88). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92), Cressida ('89-'92). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('87-'92). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 22R engine. Toyota Celica, Corona ('81-'82), Pickup ('81-'90), 4Runner ('84). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-E (EC for CA emissions version) engine.<br> Toyota Celica ('83-'85), Pickup ('84-'95), 4Runner ('85-'95). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-TE (TEC for CA emissions version) engine. Toyota Pickup ('85-'88), 4Runner ('86-'87). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 2S-ELC engine. Toyota Camry ('83-'86), Celica ST/GT ('86). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GELC engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('86-'89). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota Celica ST/GT ('87-'89), Camry ('87-'91). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GTE engine.<br> Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93), MR2 Turbo ('91-'95). |- | S || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT/GT-S ('90-'93), Celica GT ('94-'95), MR2 ('91-'95), Camry ('92-'95). |- | T || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3T-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('81-'82). |- | U || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400 ('90-'95), SC400 ('92-'95). |- | U || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('95). |- | U || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('94-'95). |- | V || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('88-'91), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-E engine. Toyota 4Runner, Pickup ('88-'95), T100 ('93-'94). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('92-'93). |- | V || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('95). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 3Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('84-'85). |- | Y || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('86-'89). |} ===Vehicle Line 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Celica rwd ('81-'85) |- |A |Celica Supra ('81-'86) |- |A |Supra ('86 1/2-'95) |- |B |Avalon ('95) |- |C |Previa ('91-'95) |- |D |T100 ('93-'95) |- |E |Corolla ('81-'95) |- |F |Lexus LS400 ('90-'95) |- |J |Land Cruiser ('81-'95) |- |K |Camry ('92-'95) |- |K |Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |L |Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) |- |L |Tercel ('83-'95) |- |L |Paseo ('92-'95) |- |N |Pickup (compact pickup & chassis cab '81-'95) |- |N |Tacoma ('95 1/2) |- |N |4Runner ('84-'95) |- |P |Starlet ('81-'84) |- |R |Van ('84-'89) |- |S |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |T |Corona ('81-'82) |- |T |Celica fwd or awd ('86-'95) |- |V |Camry ('83-'91) |- |V |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |- |W |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95) |- |X |Cressida ('81-'92) |- |Z |Lexus SC300, SC400 ('92-'95) |- |} ===Model Designation=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door or wagon w/1.8L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('94-'95): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('94-'95): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - Gas I4 ('83-'86): SV'''1'''1L, 1.8L Turbodiesel I4 [1C-TLC] ('84-'85): CV'''1'''0L, 2.0L Turbodiesel I4 [2C-TLC] ('86): CV'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota MR2 ('85-'89) AW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus LS400 ('90-'94) UCF'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - I4 ('92-'95): SXV'''1'''0L, V6 w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, V6 w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 - w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('95) MCX'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) AL12L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |2 |Toyota Camry sedan - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1L, I4 All-Trac 4WD ('88-'91): SV'''2'''5L, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Camry wagon - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1LG, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1LG |- |2 |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota MR2 ('91-'95) Base model w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: SW'''2'''1L, Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: SW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('95) UCF'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Corona ('81-'82) RT1'''3'''5L |- |3 |Toyota Tercel hatchback ('83-'86) AL21L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel wagon - 2wd: ('84-'87) AL21LG, 4wd: ('83-'88) AL25LG (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel coupe & hatchback ('87-'90) EL'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('92-'95) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('92-'95) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Celica ('81) RA'''4'''3L |- |4 |Toyota Celica Supra ('81) MA'''4'''7L |- |4 |Toyota Tercel ('91-'94) EL'''4'''2L |- |4 |Toyota Paseo ('92-'95) EL'''4'''4L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel ('95) EL'''5'''3L |- |6 |Toyota Starlet ('81-'84) KP'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Cressida - sedan w/solid (live) rear axle ('81-'82): MX'''6'''2L, sedan w/IRS ('83-'84): MX'''6'''3L, wagon ('81-'84): MX'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/22R engine ('82): RA'''6'''4L, ST & GT w/22R-E/EC engine & solid (live) rear axle ('83-'85): RA'''6'''4L,<br> GT-S w/22R-E/EC engine & IRS ('83-'85): RA'''6'''5L |- |6 |Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86) MA'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/2S-ELC engine ('86): ST1'''6'''1L, ST & GT w/3S-FE engine ('87-'89): ST1'''6'''2L, GT-S w/3S-GELC engine ('86-'89): ST1'''6'''2L,<br> All-Trac Turbo w/3S-GTE engine ('88): ST1'''6'''5L |- |7 |Toyota Corolla - w/1.8L OHV 3T-C engine ('81-'82): TE'''7'''2L, w/1.6L SOHC 4A-C engine ('83): AE'''7'''1L |- |7 |Toyota Cressida - sedan ('85-'88): MX'''7'''3L, wagon ('85-'87): MX'''7'''2LG |- |7 |Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92) MA'''7'''0L |- |8 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd, gas-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Fwd, diesel-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'85): CE'''8'''0L, Corolla FX/FX-16 Fwd 3-door hatchback ('87-'88): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Corolla Sport - Rwd, gas-powered 2-door coupe & 3-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''6L |- |8 |Toyota Cressida ('89-'92) MX'''8'''3L |- |8 |Toyota Celica ('90-'93) - ST w/1.6L 4A-FE engine: AT1'''8'''0L, GT & GT-S w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: ST1'''8'''4L, All-Trac Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: ST1'''8'''5L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('93-'95) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd 2-door coupe, 4-door sedan, & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''2L, All-Trac 4wd 4-door sedan ('89-'90) & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''5L |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('91-'95) TCR'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Van - w/2.0L 3Y-EC engine ('84-'85): YR'''2'''1LG, w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 2wd ('86-'89): YR'''2'''2LG |- |2 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 2wd ('90-'91): RN1'''2'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 2wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('91-'95) TCR'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Van w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 4wd ('87-'89): YR'''3'''1LG |- |3 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 4wd ('90-'95): RN1'''3'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 4wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Land Cruiser 40 Series 2-door Hardtop ('81-'83) FJ'''4'''0LV |- |6 |Toyota Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - w/2F engine: FJ'''6'''0LG ('81-'87), w/3F-E engine ('88-'90): FJ'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota 4Runner 4wd - I4: RN'''6'''0LG ('84-'85), RN'''6'''1LG ('86-'89), V6 ('88-'89): VZN'''6'''1LG |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser - w/3F-E engine ('91-'92): FJ'''8'''0L, w/1FZ-FE engine ('93-'95) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |} ===Drivetrain Type=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |4wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95) |- |0 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '95 |- |1 |4wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95) |- |1 |2wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |4wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |2wd (Cargo Van) '84-'89 |- |3 |4wd (Cargo Van) '87-'89 |- |4 |2wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |5 |2wd (Pickup, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version) '84-'88 |- |5 |2wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |6 |4wd (Pickup '84-'88, 4Runner - truck version '84-'89, Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |6 |4wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |6 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '84-'85, '87-'89 |- |7 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab - Extra LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |2wd (Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |4wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |8 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '91-'93 |- |8 |2wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version '89-'93) |- |9 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '89-'93) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Series (Grade)=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Supra [base model] ('86 1/2-'92), Corolla LE ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95), Avalon XL ('95) Lexus SC400 ('92-'95) |- |1 |Starlet ('81-'84), Corolla Tercel [base model] ('81-'82), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d/4-d ('82), Tercel [base model] ('83-'89), Tercel EZ ('87),<br> Tercel [base model w/carbureted engine] ('90), Corolla [base model] ('81-'83), Camry [base model] ('87), Camry DX ('87-'95), Supra Turbo ('87-'92),<br> Corolla [base model] ('90-'92), MR2 [base model] ('91-'95), Supra [base model] ('93-'95), Avalon XLS ('95), Lexus LS400 ('90-'94), SC300 ('92-'95) |- |2 |Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d ('81), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 3-d ('81-'82), Tercel Deluxe ('83-'89), Tercel Deluxe w/carbureted engine ('90), Corolla DX ('81-'83),<br> Corolla SR5 ('83), Corolla DX 4-d sedan/5-d hatch ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('88-'89), Corona Deluxe ('81-'82),<br> Cressida ('81-'82), Cressida wagon ('83-'87), Camry DX ('83-'85), Camry DX w/gasoline engine ('86), Camry LE ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('87-'89),<br> MR2 Turbo ('91-'95), Supra Turbo ('93-'95), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91), LS400 ('95) |- |3 |Celica ST ('81-'86), Cressida sedan ('83-'92), Corolla LE ('84-'89), Camry DX turbodiesel ('86), Tercel [base model w/fuel injected engine] ('90),<br> Tercel DX ('91-'94), Camry XLE ('92-'95), Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |4 |Celica GT ('81-'86), Corolla LE Limited ('85-'86), Camry [base model] ('88-'91), Corolla DX All-Trac wagon ('88-'92), Corolla DX All-Trac sedan ('89-'90), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('90-'92), Tercel Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('90), Tercel LE ('91-'93), Camry SE ('92-'95), Corolla [base model] ('93-'95) |- |5 |Corolla SR5 ('81-'82), Corolla Sport [DX] ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('88-'89), Celica GT-S ('83-'93), Tercel SR5 ('83-'88), MR2 [base model] ('85-'89),<br> Paseo ('92-'95), Tercel [base model] ('95) |- |6 |Corona Luxury Edition ('81-'82), Camry LE ('83-'86), Corolla Sport SR5 ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 All-Trac wagon ('88-'90), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('90-'91),<br> Celica ST ('87-'93), MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89), Tercel EZ ('88-'90), Tercel [base model] ('91-'94), Tercel DX ('95) |- |7 |Celica Supra ('81-'86), Corolla FX16 ('87-'88), Celica GT coupe/liftback ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('91-'93, '95), Corolla LE ('90-'92),<br> Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |8 |Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87), Corolla GT-S Coupe ('88-'91), Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93) |- |9 |Corolla FX16 GT-S ('87-'88), Corolla DX ('93-'95) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Land Cruiser 40 Series ('81-'83), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('81-'87), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('91-'92) |- |1 |Previa DX ('91-'95), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('93-'95) |- |2 |Van Deluxe ('84-'89), 4Runner Deluxe ('85), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('88-'90), Previa LE ('91-'95) |- |3 |4Runner Deluxe ('86, '88-'89), Previa DX S/C ('95) |- |4 |4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('86-'87, '89), Previa LE S/C ('94-'95) |- |5 |4Runner SR5 ('84-'85) |- |6 |Van LE ('84-'89), 4Runner SR5 V6 ('88-'89) |- |7 |4Runner SR5 Turbo ('86-'87), 4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('90-'95) |- |9 |4Runner SR5 V6 ('90-'95) |} ===Cab Type & Chassis=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 (when following 5 or 6 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |0 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in.] (Pickup '86-'88) |- |0 |Wagon [4DR], long wheelbase (Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (T100 '93-'94) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, 4-cyl. (T100 '95) |- |1 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '84-'85) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |2 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '86-'89) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in. for 4x2, 121.9 in. for 4x4], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |4 |Panel van, 4-link rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 4wd '87-'89) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |5 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 5 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '86-'88) |- |6 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |7 |Van (Cargo Van '84-'85) |- |7 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |8 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |8 |Panel van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 2wd '86-'89) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is R) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbo gas engine (Pickup '85-'86) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is L) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |9 |Glass van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Window Van '86-'89) |} IFS= Independent Front Suspension ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Application !Restraint System |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '81-'89, MR2 '85-'89) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Sport Coupe '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback (Corolla Sport '84-'86 & in Canada '87) |Manual Belts |- |C |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR coupe (Tercel '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'89, Corona '81-'82, Camry '83-'86) |Manual Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '89) |Manual Belts |- |G |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd <br>(Starlet '81-'84, Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Tercel '83-'89, Tercel EZ '89 [some],<br> Corolla FX/FX16 '87-'88) |Manual Belts |- |H |5DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Camry '83-'86, Tercel '83-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] (MR2 '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '81-'89, Celica Supra '81-'86, Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Liftback '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |L |5DR hatchback 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '88) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR hardtop (Corolla [Sports] Hardtop '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR coupe (Corolla Sport '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Tercel '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83, '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 4wd (Tercel '83-'88) |Manual Belts |- |Z |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Tercel EZ '88 [all], '89 [some]) |Manual Belts |- |A |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '90-'92, Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |B |2DR sedan (Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Cressida '81-'92, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |F |2DR coupe (Tercel '90, Paseo '92) |Automatic Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90) |Automatic Belts |- |J |4DR sedan 4wd (Camry All-Trac '88-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |J |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '90-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |K |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |M |3DR liftback (Tercel '90) |Automatic Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Cressida '81-'87, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |S |2DR sedan (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |T |4DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |U |2DR coupe (Paseo '93-'95) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |C |2DR coupe (Lexus SC300/SC400 '92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '90-'92, Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |P |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES250 '90-'91, ES300 '92-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |B |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Lexus SC300/SC400 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '93-'95, GS300 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95, Avalon '95, Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES300 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |} '''Incomplete Passenger Cars - Body Type & Brake System''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type & Application !Brake System |- |K |2DR convertible (Celica '84-'85, '87-'89, '91-'93, '95) |Hydraulic Brakes |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !VIN Code !Description |- |C |Hardtop [2DR] ('81-'83 Land Cruiser 40 Series) |- |G |Wagon [4DR] ('81-'90 Land Cruiser 60 Series) |- |J |2DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'91 4Runner) |- |R |4DR Wagon 2WD ('91-'95 Previa) |- |S |4DR Wagon 4WD ('91-'95 Previa All-Trac) |- |V |Van ('84-'85 Van) |- |V |4DR Wagon 2WD ('90-'95 4Runner) |- |W |Wagon ('84-'89 4Runner, '86-'89 Van) |- |W |4DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'95 4Runner, '91-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |} ===Series (Grade) & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America) |+'''All have hydraulic brakes.''' !VIN Code !Description |- |A |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('88, '90-'95), T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('93), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('94) |- |B |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] Turbo ('86-'87), T100 [base model] One Ton ('93), T100 DX One Ton ('94), Tacoma [base model] 2.4L 2wd ('95) |- |C |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] V6 ('88), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('93-'94), Tacoma [base model] 2.7L 4wd ('95) |- |D |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/carbureted gas engine ('84-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/diesel engine ('84-'85),<br> Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('91-'95), 4Runner - truck version [base model] ('84-'86), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe ('87-'89),<br> T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton 4-cyl. ('94-'95) |- |E |Pickup 3/4 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('85-'88), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |F |Tacoma V6 [base model] ('95), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |G |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 Turbo ('85-'88), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('89-'95), T100 DX One Ton ('95) |- |H |T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('95) |- |K |Tacoma SR5 V6 ('95) |- |M |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('88), 4Runner - truck version SR5 V6 ('88) |- |N |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('88), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [V6] ('89-'92), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe V6 ('89) |- |P |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe 4-cyl. ('91-'95) |- |R |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'90), Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84),<br> Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85-'90) |- |S |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 2wd w/fuel injected engine ('84), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 4wd w/carbureted engine ('84),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), 4Runner - truck version SR5 [4-cyl.] ('87-'88) |- |T |Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'93) |- |U |Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'88) |- |V |Van [Cargo van version] ('84-'89), Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - truck version ('87) |- |} ==VIN positions== ===Country of origin=== Position 1 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |1 |USA |- |2 |Canada |- |3 |Mexico |- |4 |USA |- |5 |USA |- |6 |Australia |- |7 (7A-7E) |New Zealand |- |7 (7F-70) |USA |- |8 (8A-8E) |Argentina |- |9 (9A-9E, 93-99) |Brazil |- |A (AA-AH) |South Africa |- |J |Japan |- |K |South Korea |- |L |China |- |M (MA-ME, MY-M0) |India |- |M (MF-MK) |Indonesia |- |M (ML-MR) |Thailand |- |N (NL-NR) |Turkey |- |P (PA-PE) |Philippines |- |P (PL-PR) |Malaysia |- |R (RF-RK) |Taiwan |- |R (RL-RP) |Vietnam |- |S (SA-SM) |United Kingdom |- |T (TW-T2) |Portugal |- |V (VF-VR) |France |- |W |Germany |- |X (XS-XW, XZ-X0) |Russia |- |Y (YA-YE) |Belgium |} Second letter or number in parentheses is from position 2 of VIN. The characters in parentheses represent the range assigned to that particular country. ===Manufacturer (Japan/North America)=== Position 2 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |F |Fuji Heavy Industries LTD |- |G |GM |- |M |Mazda (Mexico) |- |M |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |- |N |NUMMI (Toyota car) |- |T |NUMMI (Toyota truck) |- |T |Toyota |- |Y |Toyota (Mississippi, USA) |- |8 |Toyota (Lexus - Kentucky, USA) |} ===Vehicle Type=== {{center|Position 3-Japan built models}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |D,K,N,X,1,2,7 |Passenger Car |- |A,B,F,4 |Truck |- |G |Bus |- |E,L,M,3 |Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) |- |5 |Incomplete Vehicle (typically a convertible) |} ===Body=== {{center|Position 4 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world, may be incorrect for most recent ones)}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD / Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Celica, Supra) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD (Corolla, Camry) / MPV, Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris) / 5DR Van AWD / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |K |5DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris, Prius) / 5DR Wagon 2WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |L |5DR Wagon 4WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |M |5DR Door Van 2WD / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |N |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 2WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |P |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 4WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |R |Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |S |3DR Liftback 4WD |- |T |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 2WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |U |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |W |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame TRD |- |X |5DR Sport Utility Wagon |- |Y |Sport Van |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD |} ===Engine=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 4 (before 1996 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |3A-C 1.5L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla Tercel, '83-'86 Tercel, '87-'88 Tercel wagon) |- |A |4A-C 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('83 Corolla, '84-'87 Corolla Sport DX, SR5) |- |A |4A-LC 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('84-'87 Corolla, '87-'88 Corolla FX) |- |A |4A-GEC 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'87 Corolla Sport GT-S) |- |A |4A-GE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'91 Corolla GT-S) |- |A |4A-F 1.6L DOHC, 16V carb. I4 ('88-'89 Corolla) |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 ('88-'95 Corolla, '90-'93 Celica ST) |- |A |4A-GELC 1.6L DOHC, 16V I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'89 MR2, '87-'88 Corolla FX16) |- |A |4A-GZE 1.6L DOHC, 16V Supercharged, IC I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'89 MR2 Supercharged) |- |A |7A-FE 1.8L DOHC, 16V I4 ('93-'95 Corolla, '94-'95 Celica ST) |- |A |2TZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('91-'95 Previa) |- |A |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('94-'95 Previa S/C) |- |C |1C-LC 1.8L diesel indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Corolla) |- |C |1C-TLC 1.8L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Camry) |- |C |2C-TLC 2.0L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('86 Camry) |- |D |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('93-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |E |3E 1.5L SOHC, 12V carb. I4 ('87-'90 Tercel) |- |E |3E-E 1.5L SOHC, 12V EFI I4 ('90-'94 Tercel) |- |E |5E-FE 1.5L DOHC, 16V I4 ('95 Tercel, '92-'95 Paseo) |- |F |2F 4.2L 2-bbl. Carb. OHV I6 ('81-'87 Land Cruiser) |- |F |3F-E 4.0L EFI OHV I6 ('88-'92 Land Cruiser) |- |G |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('94-'95 Camry V6, Lexus ES300, '95 Avalon) |- |J |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('93-'95 Supra, '93-'95 Lexus GS300, '92-'95 SC300) |- |J |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('93-'95 Supra Turbo) |- |K |4K-C 1.3L Carb. OHV I4 ('81-'82 Starlet) |- |K |4K-E 1.3L EFI OHV I4 ('83-'84 Starlet) |- |L |L 2.2L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('81-'83 Pickup) |- |L |2L 2.4L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Pickup) |- |L |2L-T 2.4L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('85 Pickup) |- |M |5M-E 2.8L SOHC, 12V I6 ('81 Celica Supra, '81-'82 Cressida) |- |M |5M-GE 2.8L DOHC, 12V I6 ('82-'86 Celica Supra, '83-'88 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GE 3.0L DOHC, 24V I6 ('86 1/2-'92 Supra, '89-'92 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GTE 3.0L DOHC, 24V turbo IC I6 ('87-'92 Supra Turbo) |- |R |22R 2.4L 2-bbl SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Celica, Corona, '81-'90 Pickup, '84 4Runner) |- |R |22R-E/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('83-'85 Celica, '84-'95 Pickup, '85-'95 4Runner) |- |R |22R-TE/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI Turbo I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('85-'88 Pickup, '86-'87 4Runner) |- |S |2S-ELC 2.0L I4 ('83-'86 Camry, '86 Celica ST/GT) |- |S |3S-GELC 2.0L I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('86-'89 Celica GT-S) |- |S |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('87-'89 Celica ST/GT, '87-'91 Camry) |- |S |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('90-'93 Celica GT/GT-S, '94-'95 Celica GT, '91-'95 MR2, '92-'95 Camry) |- |S |3S-GTE 2.0L Turbo, IC I4 ('88, '90-'93 Celica All-Trac Turbo, '91-'95 MR2 Turbo) |- |T |3T-C 1.8L OHV Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla) |- |U |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('90-'95 LS400, '92-'95 SC400) |- |U |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('95 Tacoma) |- |U |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('94-'95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |V |2VZ-FE 2.5L DOHC, 24V V6 ('88-'91 Camry V6, '90-'91 Lexus ES250) |- |V |3VZ-E 3.0L SOHC, 12V V6 ('88-'95 4Runner, Pickup, '93-'94 T100) |- |V |3VZ-FE 3.0L DOHC, 24V V6 ('92-'93 Camry V6, Lexus ES300) |- |V |5VZ-FE 3.4L DOHC, 24V V6 ('95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |Y |3Y-EC 2.0L EFI OHV I4 ('84-'85 Van) |- |Y |4Y-EC 2.2L EFI OHV I4 ('86-'89 Van) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla) |- |A |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330, '04-'08 Camry Solara) |- |A |2ZR-FXE + 1NM (Prius 2wd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('16 Prius) |- |B |7A-FE 1.8L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla, Celica ST) |- |B |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('04-'09 Prius) |- |B |2AZ-FXE + 2JM 2.4L Atkinson cycle I4 Hybrid ('07-'09 Camry Hybrid) |- |C |5E-FE 1.5L I4 ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada Tercel, '96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada Paseo) |- |C |2GR-FSE + 1KM 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 Hybrid ('07-'09 Lexus GS450h) |- |D |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('96-'98 Supra, '96-'05 Lexus GS300, '96-'00 SC300, '01-'05 IS300) |- |D |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('01-'07 Highlander, '04-'08 RAV4) |- |E |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('96-'98 Supra Turbo) |- |E |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('02-'09 Camry, '02-'08 Camry Solara, '05-'09 Scion tC, '08-'09 Scion xB, '09 Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS) |- |E |2GR-FSE 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 ('06-'09 IS350, '07-'09 Lexus GS350) |- |E |1AR-FE 2.7L I4 ('09 Venza, Highlander) |- |F |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('96-'04 Camry V6, '96-'04 Avalon, '96-'03 Lexus ES300, '98-'03 Sienna, '99-'03 Camry Solara, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '01-'03 Highlander) |- |F |2AR-FE 2.5L I4 ('09 RAV4) |- |G |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('96-'99 Celica GT, '96-'01 Camry, '99-'01 Camry Solara) |- |H |1AZ-FE 2.0L I4 ('01-'03 RAV4) |- |H |3GR-FSE 3.0L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06 Lexus GS300) |- |H |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('98-'00 GS400, '96-'00 LS400, '96-'00 SC400) |- |J |1NR-FE 1.3L I4 ('12-'15 Scion iQ) |- |J |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('96-'97 Land Cruiser, '96-'97 LX450) |- |J |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('07-'09 Lexus ES350) |- |K |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('96-'97 Previa S/C) |- |K |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('01-'03 Prius) |- |K |4GR-FSE 2.5L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06-'09 IS250) |- |K |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('05-'09 Avalon, '06-'09 RAV4, '07-'09 Camry V6, Sienna, Lexus RX350, '09 Venza) |- |L |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('96-'04 Tacoma) |- |L |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('01-'05 GS430) |- |L |1UR-FSE 4.6L VVT-iE V8 ('08-'09 GS460, '07-'09 LS460) |- |L |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For Japanese-built '09 Corolla) |- |M |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('96-'98 T100, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'00 4Runner) |- |N |5S-FNE (CNG 2.2L I4) ('00-'01 Camry) |- |N |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('06-'07 GS430, '01-'06 LS430, '02-'09 SC430) |- |N |5VZ-FE 3.4L V6 ('96-'02 4Runner, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'98 T100, '00-'04 Tundra) |- |N |2ZR-FXE Hybrid 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('10-'15 Prius) |- |P |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('96-'00 RAV4) |- |P |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'07 Highlander) |- |P |2UR-GSE 5.0L V8 ('08-'09 Lexus IS F) |- |R |1ZZ-FE 1.8L VVT-i I4 ('98-'08 Corolla, '00-'05 Celica GT, '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '03-'08 Matrix) |- |S |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('08-'09 Highlander) |- |T |1NZ-FE 1.5L I4 ('00-'05 Echo, '04-'06 Scion xA, xB, '07-'09 Yaris) |- |T |2UZ-FE 4.7L V8 ('98-'07 Land Cruiser, '00-'09 Tundra, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 4Runner, '03-'09 Lexus GX470, '98-'07 LX470) |- |U |1GR-FE 4.0L VVT-i V6 ('03-'09 4Runner, '05-'09 Tacoma, '05-'09 Tundra, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser) |- |U |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For US- & Canadian-built '09 Corolla, Matrix but also for '08-'09 Scion XD) |- |U |2UR-FSE + 1KM 5.0L VVT-iE D4S V8 Hybrid ('08-'09 LS600hL) |- |V |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('07-'09 Tundra) |- |W |3MZ-FE + 1JM, 2FM 3.3L V6 Hybrid ('06-'09 Highlander Hybrid, '06-'08 RX400h) |- |W |3UR-FBE 5.7L Dual VVT-i Flex-Fuel V8 Gas/E85 ('09 Tundra) |- |X |2TR-FE 2.7L I4 ('05-'09 Tacoma) |- |Y |2ZZ-GE 1.8L VVTL-i I4 ('00-'05 Celica GT-S, '03-'06 Matrix XRS, '05-'06 Corolla XRS) |- |Y |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('08-'09 Land Cruiser, Sequoia, '08-'09 LX570) |- |Z |2GR-FKS 3.5L V6 '15+ |- |9 |2ZR-FXE + 1NM + 1MM (Prius Awd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid |- | |- | |- |L |Electric M7M5 -- RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |S |Electric 1BM -- RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Non-North American Engines |+Position 5 (2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |2AD-FTV (2005+) |- |B |1HZ, 1HD |- |B |2AD-FHV (2005+) |- |C |2C, 2CT, 2CT-E |- |J |1AZ-FSE |- |L |2SZ-FE |- |P |2AZ-FSE |- |V |1VD-FTV |- |W |1CD-FTV |- |W |2NZ-FE |- |Z |1ZZ-FE |- |Z |3ZZ-FE |} ===Series=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) Based on the Chassis code given for the car. !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser J1'''0'''0/J1'''0'''5 |- |2 |Toyota Land Cruiser Prado J1'''2'''0 |- |} ===Restraint=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Manual Belt / 1 STD (North America), No Airbags (International) |- |2 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 1 Airbag (Driver Seat) (International) |- |3 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 2 Front Airbags (International) |- |6 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |7 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |8 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Airbags |- |9 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Front Curtain Airbags. |- |D |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Three-Row Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |} ===Model/Platform=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 / MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra / Tundra |- |3 |Echo / Yaris Verso |- |4 |Yaris / Scion xA / Scion xB / Scion xD / Urban Cruiser |- |6 |Hilux |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Highlander / Sequoia / Celica RWD / Supra |- |B |Avalon / Avensis Verso / Ipsum? |- |C |Sienna / Previa / Aygo |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix / Auris |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |G |Hilux / Fortuner |- |H |Highlander |- |J |Land Cruiser / Land Cruiser Prado |- |K |Camry / Aurion (TRD) |- |L |Tercel / Paseo / Avensis |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma and older trucks as well |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner / Corolla Verso |- |S |Fortuner |- |T |Celica FWD |- |U |Prius |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |MR2 (non-spyder models) |- |X |Cressida |- |} === '''Check-digit''' <ref>https://vincheck.info/free-vin-decoder/free-toyota-vin-decoder</ref> === {{center|Position 9 (Check-digit that identifies the VIN as being authorized by the manufacturer).}} === Model year === {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;width:30em;" |+Position 10 (International-market vehicles may have a 0 in this position) ! Code ! Year |- |L |1990 |- |M |1991 |- |N |1992 |- |P |1993 |- |R |1994 |- |S |1995 |- |T |1996 |- |V |1997 |- |W |1998 |- |X |1999 |- |Y |2000 |- |1 |2001 |- |2 |2002 |- |3 |2003 |- |4 |2004 |- |5 |2005 |- |6 |2006 |- |7 |2007 |- |8 |2008 |- |9 |2009 |- |A |2010 |- |B |2011 |- |C |2012 |- |D |2013 |- |E |2014 |- |F |2015 |- |G |2016 |- |H |2017 |- |J |2018 |- |K |2019 |- |L |2020 |- |M |2021 |- |N |2022 |- |P |2023 |- |R |2024 |- |S |2025 |} ===Plant=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 11 !VIN Code !Description |- |0-9 (All numeric) |Japan |- |7 |Lordstown, OH, US (GM plant) (Toyota Cavalier) |- |A |Motomachi plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |A |Onnaing-Valenciennes, France ([[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing France|TMMF]]) (Yaris hatch - US: '14-'18, Canada: '14-'19) |- |C |Cambridge, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |D |Nagakusa plant, Obu, Aichi pref., Japan (Toyota Industries plant) |- |E |Burnaston, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom (TMMUK) (US/Canada: GR Corolla '26-) |- |G |Gliwice, Poland (Opel/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max EV) |- |J |Takaoka plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |J |Vigo, Spain (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce City) |- |K |Hamura, Tokyo pref., Japan (Hino Motors plant) |- |L |Miyagi plant, Ohira, Miyagi pref., Japan (Central Motor Co./Toyota Motor East Japan plant) |- |M |Tijuana, Baja CA, Mexico (TMMBC) |- |M |Atessa, Italy (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max diesel) |- |N |Kolín, Czech Republic ([[w:Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech|TPCA/TMMCZ]]) |- |P |Blue Springs, MS, US (TMMMS) |- |R |Lafayette, IN, US (Subaru of Indiana Automotive) (Camry '07-'16) |- |R |Adapazari, Sakarya province, Turkey (TMMT) (US/Canada: C-HR '18-'22) |- |S |Princeton, IN, US (TMMI) |- |T |Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato, Mexico (TMMGT) |- |U |Georgetown, KY, US (TMMK) |- |V |Huntsville, AL, US (MTM USA) (Corolla Cross '22-, Corolla Cross Hybrid '23-) |- |W |Woodstock, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |W |Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (Toyota GR Supra '20-'26) |- |X |San Antonio, TX, US (TMMTX) |- |X |Altona, Victoria, Australia (Toyota Australia) (closed Oct. 3, 2017) |- |Y |Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico (Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation) <br> (Scion iA '16, Yaris iA '17-'18, Yaris sedan '19-'20, Yaris hatch '20) |- |Y |Yajima Plant, Ota, Gunma pref., Japan (Subaru plant) (Toyota bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Trailseeker '26-) |- |Z |Fremont, CA, US (NUMMI) (1987-1988 Toyota Corolla FX/FX16 3-d, 1989-2010 Corolla sedan, 1992-1995 Toyota Pickup, 1995-2010 Tacoma, Toyota Voltz [For export to Japan: '02-'04]) |- |Z |Lieu-Saint-Amand, France (Sevel Nord - PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce) |- |} '''Japanese Plants''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Plant owner/operator !Name & Location of plant !Vehicles produced !VIN Code used<br> (Pos. 11) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('85-'86) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'90) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'89) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('91-'95), Paseo ('92-'99), Echo ('00-'05),<br> Scion xA ('04-'06), xB ('04) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('96-'99) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xD ('08-'10), Scion iQ ('12-'15),<br> Scion iQ EV ('13), Scion xB ('12-'15) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'12), Scion xB ('08-'12),<br> Scion xD ('10-'14), Prius C ('12-'19), C-HR ('18-'22) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'11) |4 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('07-'11) |5-8 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Miyagi plant. Ohira, Miyagi prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('11-'12) |L |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('12-'14) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05) |0-3 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05-'06) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla [fwd 4-d/5-d] ('84-'87) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla Sport [rwd 2-d/3-d coupe] ('84-'87) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('88-'90), Corolla coupe ('91),<br> Corolla sedan & 2wd wagon ('91-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla All-Trac 4wd wagon ('91-'92) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('93-'96) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'08) |0-1 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'06) [No '06 found in US] |2-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09) |2, J |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla sedan ('10-'11, '13, '20-'25), Scion iM ('16), Corolla iM ('17-'18) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09-'12) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan ('22-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |7-8 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88) |0-9 (All-Trac Turbo) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('90-'99) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Celica ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica Supra ('85-'86), Supra ('86 1/2-'92) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |0-6 (ST, GT),<br> 0-3 (GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |0-3 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('05-'10) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('85-'87), Camry V6 ('88-'91),<br> Camry 4-cyl. All-Trac 4wd ('89-'91),<br> Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. 2wd ('88-'91) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('92-'93), Camry 4-cyl. ('94), Camry ('95-'96), <br> Lexus ES300 ('92-'93, '95-'96) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('94), Lexus ES300 ('94) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('97), Camry 4-cyl. ('98-'01), Lexus ES300 ('97) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('03-'06) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('98-'06), Lexus ES300 ('98-'03), <br> ES330 ('04-'05) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('98-'01) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('02) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('03) |5-6 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES330 ('04-'06), Camry SE V6 [3.3L] ('05) |5-6 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |5 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('07-'11, '18-'19), Scion tC ('11-'15),<br> Crown ('23-'26), Crown Signia ('25-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('15-'16) |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES350 ('07-'21), ES300h ('13-'20),<br> ES350h, ES350e, ES500e ('26-),<br> HS250h ('10-'12), CT200h ('11-'17), UX200 ('19-'22),<br> UX250h ('19-'24), UX300h ('25-'26) |2 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250 ('06-'15), IS200t ('16-'17),<br> IS300 RWD ('18-'25), IS300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> IS350 ('06-'26), IS F ('08-'14),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> RC350 ('15-'25), RC F ('15-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250, IS350 ('06-'13), IS250C/IS350C ('10-'15) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LS400 ('90-'00), LS430 ('01-'05),<br> GS300 ('93-'05), GS400 ('98-'00), GS430 ('01-'05), <br> GS300 Awd ('06), GS350 ('07-'11) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06), GS430 ('06-'07),<br> GS460 ('08-'11), GS450h ('07-'11, '13-'14),<br> GS350 ('13-'14), LS430 ('06), LS460 ('07-'17),<br> LS600hL ('08-'16), LS500 ('18-'26), LS500h ('18-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19),<br> GS350 ('15-'20), GS450h ('15-'18), GS F ('16-'20),<br> LC500 ('18-'26), LC500h ('18-'25), Mirai ('16-'26),<br> Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25), bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra ('23-'26),<br> Lexus RZ450e ('23-'26), RZ300e ('24-'25), RZ350e ('26-),<br> RZ550e ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida sedan ('85-'88), Cressida wagon ('85-'87) |0-5 (sedan),<br> 0-9 (wagon) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('89) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('90-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra ('93-'96), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('92-'96) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra, Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97) |0 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Supra ('97-'98), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97-'00) |1-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('02-'05) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('06-'10) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LFA ('12) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95), MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('01-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius w/pos. 14-17 of VIN from 1001-2000 ('01) |0 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('04-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09, '16-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'15) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15, '25-'26), Prius Prime ('17-'24) |3 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09) |7 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'13) [No '14 found in US] |4-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('12-'14) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('14-'17 & '18 in Canada) |J |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('84-'86) |5-9 (psgr. van),<br> 0-9 (cargo van) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('87-'89) |5-9 (2wd),<br> 0-9 (4wd) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Previa ('91-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('96), RAV4 2-d ('96-'98, '00),<br> RAV4 4wd ('99), RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd gen.] ('01) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'06) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('07-'14) |5 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'08) |6-9 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('09) |6 (until 7/31/08),<br> D (from 8/1/08) |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('10-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'26),<br> RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('14-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('19-'26), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-), Venza ('21-'24), C-HR EV '26-, bZ '26-, Subaru Uncharted '26-, Solterra '26- |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09),<br> RX400h ('06), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander Hybrid ('06-'07) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX400h ('07-'08), RX350 ('10-'19, '21-'26),<br> RX350L ('18-'22), RX450h ('10-'15), RX450hL ('18-'22),<br> RX450h+ ('24-'26), NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21),<br> NX300h ('15-'21), NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26),<br> NX350h ('22-'26), NX450h+ ('22-'26),<br> Highlander ('08-'10), Highlander Hybrid ('08-'13) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21), NX300h ('20-'21),<br> NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26), NX350h ('22-'26) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('84-'85) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('89) |0-3 (4-cyl.),<br> 0-4 (V6) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('90-'95) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('90-'94) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('95) |0-4, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('90) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('91-'92) |0-6, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('93-'94) |0-5, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('95) |0-4, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('96-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('98-'02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |0-8 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'08) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'07) |8-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('08-'09) |8-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('07) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('08-'09) |0-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. (Hamura plant transferred to Toyota Motor Hamura, Inc. on April 1, 2026) |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Land Cruiser ('24-'26) |K |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('10-'21, '25-'26), Land Cruiser ('24-'26),<br> Lexus GX460 ('10-'23), GX550 ('24-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('22-'24) |5, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('84-'86, '88-'89) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('90-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'00) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('01-'07) |2-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('01-'06) |3-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('07) |4 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Yoshiwara plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13-'21),<br> Lexus LX570 ('08-'11, '13-'21), LX600 ('22-'26),<br> LX700h ('25-'26) |4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13) [No '14-'20 found in US] |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup ('84-'85), <br> Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |5-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab ('84-'85), Pickup/Chassis Cab w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('87-'88) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |8-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 or RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89) |7-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('90-'93) |7-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |6-7 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-1, 6-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |2-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab w/VN94 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |T100 ('93-'98) |0-9 |- |} ==Toyota WMIs== There are partial list of WMIs which are used by Toyota as well as the broader Toyota Group, including all divisions and subsidiaries: Japan: * JTD - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTK - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTN - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTX - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JT1 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (European market) * JT2 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (North American market) * JT7 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (Asia-Pacific market) * JTA - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTB - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTF - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JT4 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTG - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Bus * JTE - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JTL - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JTM - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT3 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JT5 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Incomplete Vehicle (Celica convertible, Paseo convertible, Chassis Cab pickup trucks) * JTH - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JTJ - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT6 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT8 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JAL - Isuzu Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle (S-Series) * JDA - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD1 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD2 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JD4 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Truck * JF1 - Subaru Corp., Toyota Passenger Car (86/GR86/Scion FR-S) * JHA - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHB - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JHC - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHD - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHE - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHH - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JH6 - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle North America: * 1NX - NUMMI, Toyota Passenger Car ('87-'10) * 2AY - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 2AZ - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Truck * 2T1 - TMMC, Toyota Passenger Car * 2T2 - TMMC, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 2T3 - TMMC, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 3MY - Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation, Toyota Passenger Car ('16-'20) * 3TM - TMMBC, Toyota Truck * 3TY - TMMGT, Toyota Truck * 4G3 - GM Lordstown Assembly, Toyota Passenger Car (Cavalier) ('96-'00) * 4T1 - TMMK, Toyota Passenger Car * 4T3 - TMMK, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV) * 4T4 - Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Toyota Passenger Car ('07-'16) * 4TA - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('92-'00) * 5PV - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 5TB - TMMI, Toyota Truck * 5TD - TMMI, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV), Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 5TE - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('00-'10) * 5TF - TMMTX, Toyota Truck * 5YF - TMMMS, Toyota Passenger Car * 58A - TMMK, Lexus Passenger Car * 7H4 - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Truck * 7MU - Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 7SV - TMMTX, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) Other countries: * AHH - Hino South Africa, Hino vehicles * AHT - Toyota South Africa, Toyota vehicles * LFM - FAW Toyota (China), Toyota and Ranz vehicles * LVG - GAC Toyota (China), Toyota vehicles * MBJ - Toyota Kirloskar Motor (India), Toyota vehicles * MHF - PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia, Toyota vehicles * MHK - PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (Indonesia), Daihatsu and Toyota vehicles * MJE - PT Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia, Hino vehicles * MMK - Toyota Auto Works Co., Ltd. (Thailand), Toyota vehicles * MNK - Hino Motors Manufacturing Thailand, Hino Vehicles * MR0 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Ban Pho and Samrong plants, Toyota vehicles * MR1 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Samrong plant (Fortuner), Toyota vehicles * MR2 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Gateway plant, Toyota vehicles * NMT - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey (TMMT), Toyota vehicles * PN1 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * PN2 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * RKL - Kuozui Motors (Taiwan), Toyota vehicles * RL4 - Toyota Motor Vietnam, Toyota vehicles * SB1 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK (TMMUK), Toyota vehicles * TW1 - Toyota Caetano Portugal, Toyota vehicles * VNK - Toyota Motor Manufacturing France (TMMF), Toyota vehicles * WZ1 - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra) * XW7 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia (TMMR), Toyota vehicles * YAR - PSA/Stellantis, Toyota Van (ProAce, ProAce City, & ProAce Max) * YBC - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra - some European-market models) * 6T1 - Toyota Australia, Toyota Passenger Car * 7A4 - Toyota New Zealand, Toyota vehicles * 8AJ - Toyota Argentina, Toyota vehicles * 9BR - Toyota Brazil, Toyota vehicles {| class="wikitable" |+ !Plant Abbreviation !Plant Name !Notes |- |MTMUSA |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |Joint venture between Toyota and Mazda |- |NUMMI |New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. |Joint venture between GM and Toyota |- |TMMBC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Baja California | |- |TMMC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada | |- |TMMGT |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Guanajuato | |- |TMMI |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana | |- |TMMK |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky | |- |TMMMS |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi | |- |TMMTX |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas | |} == External links == Online [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Toyota Toyota VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:RT43-157714}} <references />Online [https://epicvin.com/vin-decoder/toyota Toyota Vin Lookup] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Car model, Toyota Vehicles- VinCheckUp |url=https://www.vincheckup.com/cars/toyota |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.vincheckup.com}}</ref> gr48ctvwg13loyg43egf721ycnlaytm 4673540 4673538 2026-10-01T20:20:23Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Series & Drive Wheels */ 4673540 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- --> {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} For Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA, '19-'20 Toyota Yaris sedan, & '20 Toyota Yaris hatchback, see the Mazda VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Mazda/VIN Codes]]. For Scion FR-S/Toyota 86/Toyota GR86, see the Subaru VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Subaru/VIN Codes]]. ==VIN Format 2010-== Toyota has used the following VIN format since 2010 for North America: {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade]] |- |4 |K |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 2010-|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series|Series]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series & Drive Wheels|Series & Drive Wheels]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line & Make|Vehicle Line & Make]] |- |8 |A ||[[#Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style|Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Yaris ['10-'12], Corolla ['10-'19], Camry ['10-'19], Avalon ['10-'19], Mirai ['16-'20], Lexus HS ['10-'12], ES ['10-'19], IS ['10-'19],<br> GS ['10-'11, '13-'19], GS F ['16-'20], LS ['10-'19]) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus IS250 AWD '10-'15, IS300 AWD '16-'19, IS350 AWD '11-'19, GS350 AWD '10-'11, '13-'19, LS460 AWD '10-'17, LS500 AWD '18-'19, LS500h AWD '18-'19) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Scion tC '10) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD (Lexus LS460L AWD '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'16) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD (Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C/IS350C '10-'15) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD (Lexus LS460L '10-'17) |- |H |2DR Coupe 2WD (Lexus LFA '12, RC200t '16-'17, RC300 RWD '18-'19, RC350 '15-'19, RC F '15-'19, LC500 '18-'19, LC500h '18-'19) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris 3-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Scion tC '11-'16, Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13) |- |K |5DR Liftback or Hatchback 2WD (Yaris 5-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Lexus CT200h '11-'17, Prius C '12-'19, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Corolla Hatchback '19) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD (Prius '10-'22, Scion xD '10-'14, C-HR '18-'22) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension (Matrix Base model & S 2wd '10-'11, Matrix L & S 2wd '12-'13, Canada: Matrix '14) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD (Prius AWD-e '19-'22) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD w/IRS (Matrix S 4wd '10-'13) |- |M |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS (Matrix XRS - US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) |- |S |2DR Coupe 4WD (Lexus RC300 AWD '16-'19, RC350 AWD '15-'19) |- |U |5DR Wagon 4WD (Lexus UX250h '19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus UX200 '19) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Prius V 2012-2017 & 2018 in Canada) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |4DR Sedan (Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26) |- |A |5DR Hatchback (GR Corolla '23-'26, Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24, Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26) |- |A |Wagon (Crown Signia '25-'26) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES '26-) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Camry '25-'26) |- |Y |Wagon (Lexus UX300h 2wd '25-'26) |- |U |Wagon (Lexus UX300h Awd '25-'26) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'19, NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19,<br> NX300h '15-'19) |- |C |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '16-'21) |- |D |5DR Wagon extended length 4WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19, RX450hL '18-'19) |- |G |5DR Wagon extended length 2WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'15, Lexus LX570 '10-'11, '13-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19, NX300h '15-'16) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Scion xB '10-'15, Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'16) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |5DR Wagon (Toyota Venza '21-'24, Sequoia '23-'26, bZ4X '23-'25, Grand Highlander '24-'26, Land Cruiser '24-'26, C-HR EV '26-, Subaru Solterra '23-'25, Uncharted '26-, Lexus RZ450e '23-'25, RZ300e '24-'25, TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26, TX550h+ '24-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Toyota bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Solterra '26-, Trailseeker '26-, Lexus RZ450e '26-, RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26-) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Canadian-built Lexus RX350 [2wd/Awd] '23-'26, RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Japanese-built Lexus RX350 [2wd] '23-'26, RX450h+ '24-'26) |- |V |5DR Wagon (4Runner '25-'26) |- |6 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Hybrid '26-) |- |7 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid '26-) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |J |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |J |Tacoma XtraCab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |K |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2020- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |D |4DR Sedan (Corolla L '20-'22) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '20-'22, LE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |V |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Convenience Package '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Premium Package '20-'22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Corolla XLE '20-'22) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '23-'26, SE Nightshade '24, FX Edition '25, LE Hybrid '23-'26, XLE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Nightshade Hybrid '24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/man. trans. '20-'22, SE Apex Edition w/man. trans. '21-'22) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, SE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |P |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. & Premium Package '20-'26) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Corolla XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, XSE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/auto. trans. '20-'27, FX Edition '26) |- |A |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |C |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'27) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Camry L '20) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Camry LE '20-'24) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |R |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Camry XLE '20-'24) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Camry SE '20-'24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Camry TRD '20) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Camry XSE '20-'24, Camry TRD '21-'24) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE '20-'22, XLE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE [decontent package] '20-'22, XLE Hybrid [decontent package] '20-'22) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD '21) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD [decontent package] '21) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Avalon XSE '20, XSE Nightshade '21, XSE Hybrid '20-'21, XSE Nightshade Hybrid '22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Avalon TRD '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited '20-'22, Limited Hybrid '20-'22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22, Limited Hybrid w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD '21) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD w/Advanced Safety Package '21) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model], ES300h [base model] '20-'25, ES250 AWD [base model] '21-'24) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model w/Premium Package], ES300h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> ES250 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '21-'25, ES350, ES300h, ES250 AWD F Sport Design '23-'25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport '20-'22, ES250 AWD F Sport '21-'22, ES300h F Sport '22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport Black Line Special Edition '21) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling package '22, ES350 F Sport Handling '23-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Luxury, ES300h Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Luxury '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Ultra Luxury, ES300h Ultra Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '22-'25, ES300h F Sport Handling '23-25) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, IS300 AWD [base model] '20-'25, IS350 [base model] '20,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance [base model & Premium] '22-'25) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25 |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25,<br> IS350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 AWD [base model w/Luxury Package or Ultra-Luxury Package] Canada: '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS300 AWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS350 F Sport Design '23-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance Ultimate Edition '25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS300 AWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS350 F Sport '20-'26) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling Package '22) |- |U |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS500 F Sport Performance Launch Edition '22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 AWD [base model] '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 RWD [base model], GS350 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport Black Line '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model] '20-'25, LS500 Heritage Edition '26, LS500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'25, LS500 Inspiration Edition '20, LS500h [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'21,<br> LS500h '22-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Executive Package] '20-'25, LS500h [base model w/Executive Package] '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 F Sport '20-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model] '20-25, RC350 [base model] '20-'25, RC F [base model] '20-'24) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> RC350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC F [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'24) |- |G |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD F Sport '20-'25, RC300 AWD F Sport '20-'25, RC350 F Sport '20-'25) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F [base model w/Performance Package] '20, [base model w/Carbon Package] '21-'24) |- |Y |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Track Edition '20, RC F Fuji Speedway Edition '21-'22, RC F Track Edition '23-'24) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Final Edition '25) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model] '20-'21, LC500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |E |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21, LC500h [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26, LC500h [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'26, LC500h [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'25) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500 [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'26,<br> LC500h [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500h [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'25) |- |C |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Inspiration Edition '20-'22, '24, '26) |- |L |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Bespoke Build '22-'26, LC500h Bespoke Build '22-'25) |- |J |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model] '21) |- |K |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model w/Touring Package] '21) |- |M |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26) |- |G |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Inspiration Edition '21-'22, '24, '26) |- |N |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Bespoke Build - Canada only: '22-'23, US & Canada: '24-'26) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model] '20-'22, UX250h [base model] '20-'24) |- |P |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h Premium '23-'24) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 Luxury '20-'22, UX250h Luxury '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport '20-'22, UX250h F Sport '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX250h F Sport Design '23-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport Handling '23-'24) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sienna [base model V6] '11-'12, Sienna L '13-'20) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sequoia TRD Pro '20, Lexus GX460 [base model] '10-'19) |- |W |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |R |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |X |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '11-'20, SE Premium '15-'20) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '19-'20, SE Premium '19-'20) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20, Sienna CE, LE '10,<br> Sienna [base model I4] '11-'12, Sienna LE '11-'20) |- |N |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 SE '16-'18) |- |J |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, RAV4 SE '16-'18, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20,<br> Sienna LE '10-'20, Lexus GX460 Premium '10-'13, GX460 Luxury '14-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19,<br> Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19, Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |D |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19, Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19,<br> Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- | |'''Body Type & Grade''' |- |K |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE '21-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE '21-'26) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '23-'26, Sienna XSE 25th Anniversary Edition '23, Sienna XSE w/Premium Package '25) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE '21-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Sienna Limited '21-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sienna Platinum '21-'26) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross L '22-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE '22-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE w/Moonroof Package '22-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE w/Convenience Package '22-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross Hybrid S, SE, XSE '23-'26, Hybrid SE Nightshade '24-'25) |- |H |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd '19-'25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd '19-'25) |- |G |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |L |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |M |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |W |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 2wd '19-'25) |- |P |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 4wd '19-'25) |- |R |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |U |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Woodland Edition Hybrid 4wd '23-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 2wd '19-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 4wd '19-'25) |- |B |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium Hybrid 4wd '21-'25) |- |J |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Adventure 4wd '19-'24, RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '20) |- |S |5DR Wagon (RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |T |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [US- & Canadian-built] |- |1 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [Japanese-built] |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XSE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 2wd '19-'25) |- |N |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 4wd '19-'25) |- |D |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE 4wd '25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '25) |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE 4wd '25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Highlander L 2wd & Awd '20-'22) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE 2wd '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE Awd '20-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, Hybrid XLE '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE w/Navigation, Hybrid XLE w/Navigation '20-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Bronze Edition '22-'23) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited, Hybrid Limited 2wd '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited Awd '20-'22, Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'21) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid Platinum 2wd '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '20-'22) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE '21-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE w/Navigation & JBL Audio '21-'22) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander L, LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE 2wd & Awd '23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid LE Nightshade, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade 2wd & Awd '24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade, Hybrid Limited 25th Anniversary Edition Awd '25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum Awd, Hybrid XLE Awd '26) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE 2wd '23-'24) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE Awd '23-'24) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited 2wd '23-'24) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '23-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum 2wd '23-'24) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '23-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 2wd '21-'24) |- |M |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 4wd '21-'24) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |B |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '22) |- |T |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 2wd '22-'24) |- |S |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 4wd '22-'24) |- |F |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 2wd '21-'24) |- |N |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |U |5DR Wagon (4Runner 40th Anniversary Special Edition 4wd '23) |- |P |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |H |5DR Wagon (4Runner Venture Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |D |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 2wd '21-'24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 4wd '21-'24) |- |C |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |J |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |L |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Pro 4wd '21-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sequoia SR5 '21-'22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Sport '21-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Limited '21-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Nightshade Special Edition '21-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Platinum '21-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Pro '21-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model] '20-'21, NX300h [base model] '20-'21, NX250 [base model] '22-'25, NX350 [base model] '22-'26,<br> NX350h [base model] '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Comfort package] '20, NX300h [base model w/Comfort package] '20) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21, NX300h [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX300h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX250 Premium '22-'25, NX350 Premium '22-'26, NX350h Premium '22-'26) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 Luxury '20-'21, NX300h Luxury '20-'21, NX250 Luxury '22-'23, NX350 Luxury '22-'26, NX350h Luxury '22-'26, NX450h+ [base model] '22-'25, NX450h+ Premium '26-, NX450h+ Luxury '26-) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport '20-'21) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport w/Comfort package '20, NX300 F Sport w/Premium package '21, NX300h F Sport Black Line '21) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350 F Sport Handling '22-'26, NX450h+ F Sport Handling '22-'26, Canadian-built NX350h '26-) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350h [Japanese-built] '26-) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model] '20-'22, RX350L [base model] '20-'22, RX450h [base model] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model] '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22,<br> RX450h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450h [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport '20-'22, RX450h F Sport '20-'22) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX450h F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX350 F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22, RX450h F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model] '20-'23) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'23) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 Luxury '20-'23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '23) |- |V |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Luxury/Luxury+] '24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |- |T |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Premium/Premium+, Overtrail/Overtrail+] '24-'26) [Class F GVWR] |- |C |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model] '20-'21) |- |D |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |E |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model] '20-'21) |- |F |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |N |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 [2-row base model] '22-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Premium [3-row] '22-'26) |- |M |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 F Sport [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h F Sport [3-row] '25-'26) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Luxury [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h Luxury [3-row] '25-'26) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury [2-row] '22-'24) |- |W |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Overtrail [2/3-row] '25-'26) |- |U |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Ultra Luxury [2-row] '25-'26) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |R |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport Access Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |S |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |A |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('17-'23) |- |E |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |G |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |B |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |D |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd (Canada only: '16-'17) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('21-'23) |- |} LWB=Long Wheelbase {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |J |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |K |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |L |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |M |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |R |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |U |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |T |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |C |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |E |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |D |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |N |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'17) |- |P |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'17) |- |R |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '20-'21) |- |T |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |C |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |E |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra TRD Pro CrewMax LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '19-'21) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |G |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |A |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Grade=== {{center|'''Position 4 (2022- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |K |Tundra SR ('22-'26) |- |L |Tundra SR5 ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |J |Tundra Limited ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |1 |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) ('25-'26) |- |N |Tundra Platinum ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |M |Tundra 1794 Edition ('22-'26) |- |P |Tundra TRD Pro ('22-'26) |- |V |Tundra Capstone ('22-'26) |- |W |Tundra Limited w/Nightshade Package or TRD Off-Road Package, Platinum w/TRD Off-Road Package ('24-'26), SR5 w/TRD Rally Package ('25-'26) |- |Z |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) w/Nightshade Package ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type 2010-=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Highlander ('10-'19), Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 8AR-FTS engine.<br> Lexus NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21), IS200t ('16-'17), IS300 RWD ('18-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine. Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius (Two Eco, Three, Three Touring, Four, Four Touring trim levels) ('16-'18), Prius 2wd ('19-'22),<br> Corolla Hybrid ('21-'22). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 2 Front motors: 1NM (MG2), 1SM (MG1).<br> Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('20-'24). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Avalon Hybrid ('21-'22), Lexus ES300h ('21-'25). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Venza Hybrid ('21-'24). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Toyota Tundra SR5, Limited, Platinum, 1794 Edition ('22-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown XLE, Limited Hybrid Awd ('23-'26), Crown Nightshade Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26), Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26), Lexus TX350 ('24-'26),<br> 4Runner ('25-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) +<br> 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid 2wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('10-'11), Lexus HS250h ('10-'12). |- | B || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('10-'15). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius (Two trim level: '16-'18), (One trim level: '17-'18), Corolla Hybrid ('20). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('20-'26), Lexus RX350h Awd ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (205 hp).<br> Toyota Avalon Awd ('21). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) (detuned version - 348 or 358 hp). Toyota Tundra SR ('22-'26). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LX600 ('22-'26), GX550 ('24-'26). |- | B || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [Japanese-built] ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla [Japanese-built] ('26-). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus TX500h Awd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26), 4Runner i-Force Max 4wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (278 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR5, TRD PreRunner, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, & Limited w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h 2wd ('25-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h Awd ('10-'15), Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('11-'16). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('10-'11). |- | C || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tundra i-Force Max ('22-'26). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Hybrid 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX500h Awd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus TX550h+ Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [326 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, & TRD Pro] ('24). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown Signia Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [Total system hp: 323 hp on Trailhunter or 326 hp on all others]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, & TRD Pro] ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h 2wd ('26-). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus CT200h ('11-'17). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('12-'17), Avalon Hybrid ('13-'18). |- | D || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 1LM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius C ('12-'19). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp).<br> Lexus NX250 ('22-'25). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Corolla Hybrid Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine. Toyota Highlander ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Max Awd ('24-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (228 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | D || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LX700h ('25-'26). |- | D || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [UK-built] ('26-). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2wd ('26-). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla XRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12), Matrix S, XRS ('10-'13),<br> Scion tC ('10), Scion xB ('10-'15). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('10-'17), IS350C ('10-'15),<br> GS350 ('10-'11, '13-'15), RC350 ('15-'17). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (270 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR, TRD Sport, & TRD Off-Road w/man. trans. ('24-'26). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 2VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Fwd ('26-). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('10-'17), Scion tC ('11-'16), RAV4 ('10-'18). |- | F || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('10-'15), IS250C ('10-'15). |- | F || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('16). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Crown Platinum Hybrid Max Awd ('23-'26). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor) [323 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [Trailhunter] ('24). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus RX450h Awd ('16-'22), RX450hL Awd ('18-'22). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('17-'19). |- | G || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus NX350 ('22-'26). |- | G || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Awd ('26-). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 3ZR-FAE engine. Toyota C-HR ('18-'22). |- | H || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26). |- | J || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1NR-FE engine. Scion iQ ('12-'15). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus NX300h Awd ('15-'21), RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('16-'18). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('10-'18), Camry V6 ('10-'17), Highlander ('10-'16),<br> RAV4 ('10-'12), Sienna ('10-'16), Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), RX350 ('10-'15). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h Awd ('22-'26). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX450h+ Awd ('22-'26). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('10-'17), GS460 ('10-'11). |- | M || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12), Tundra ('10-'19), Lexus GX460 ('10-'23). |- | M || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine (detuned version - 255 hp).<br> Lexus IS300 AWD ('16-'17), RC300 AWD ('16-'17). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('10-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 5JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus SC430 ('10). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('10-'14), RC F ('15-'25), GS F ('16-'20), LC500 ('18-'26),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25). |- | P || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine.<br> Toyota Corolla sedan LE Eco ('14-'19), Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22). |- | R || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Sienna Hybrid 2wd ('21-'26). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('13-'18). |- | S || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sienna Hybrid Awd ('21-'26). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Tacoma ('10-'15), Tundra ('10). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24), FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Tundra ('11-'14). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Toyota Corolla sedan [except XRS & LE Eco] ('10-'19),<br> Matrix [base model] ('10-'13 & in Canada '14), Scion xD ('10-'14). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('10). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'18), Tundra ('10-'19). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus ES300h ('13-'18), NX300h 2wd ('15-'16). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Hybrid [all] ('19-'20), RAV4 Hybrid LE, XLE ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid Woodland Edition ('23-'25). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('10-'23), 4Runner 2wd ('10). |- | X || 4.8L || 72° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Engine co-developed by Yamaha. Toyota 1LR-GUE engine. Lexus LFA ('12). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22), Tundra ('10-'21),<br> Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21), Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21). |- | Y || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles.<br> Toyota 8GR-FXS engine + 2NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LC500h ('18-'25), LS500h ('18-'25). |- | Z || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine.<br> Lexus GS350 ('16-'20), RX350 ('16-'22), RX350L ('18-'22), IS350 ('18-'26), RC350 ('18-'25), ES350 ('19-'25),<br> Toyota Tacoma ('16-'23), Highlander ('17-'22), Sienna ('17-'20), Camry ('18-'24), Avalon ('19-'22). |- | 1 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp or <br> 202 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (L, LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('18-'20),<br> Camry (LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('21-'24), RAV4 ('19-'25), Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25). |- | 2 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (SE, XLE trim levels) ('18-'19),<br> Avalon Hybrid ('19-'20), Lexus ES300h ('19-'20). |- | 3 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (LE trim level) ('18-'19),<br> Camry Hybrid [all models] ('20-'24). |- | 3 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus UX200 2wd ('19-'22). |- | 4 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'22), Corolla sedan ('23-'26). |- | 5 || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LS500 ('18-'26). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (206 hp or <br> 205 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (XSE trim level) ('18-'24). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid XLE Premium, XSE, Limited ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid SE ('22-'25). |- | 6 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h 2wd ('23-'24). |- | 8 || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine (detuned version - 260 hp). Lexus IS300 AWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('18-'25). |- | 9 || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius AWD-e ('19-'22). |- | 9 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h Awd ('19-'24). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 2010-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | L || 41.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || M7M5 motor made by Tesla. Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14). |- | V || 12 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2KM motor. Scion iQ EV ('13). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Toyota bZ4X FWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1XM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota C-HR EV AWD ('26-), Subaru Uncharted Sport, GT AWD ('26-). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1YM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Toyota bZ4X AWD ('23-'25), Subaru Solterra AWD ('23-'25). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Lexus RZ300e FWD ('24-'25). |- | B || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted Premium FWD [Canada: FWD LR] ('26-). |- | C || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted FWD (Canada only: '26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited FWD ('26-), Lexus ES350e ('26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('26-). |- | C || 77 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ550e AWD ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited AWD ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT AWD ('26-),<br> Lexus ES500e ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Lexus RZ350e FWD ('26-). |- | E || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear). Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited AWD ('26-). |- | F || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE FWD ('26-). |- | G || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ Woodland AWD ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker AWD ('26-). |} ====Motor Type for Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | V || 1.6 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Hydrogen || Front || 4JM motor. Toyota Mirai ('16-'20). |- | A || 1.24 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Hydrogen || Rear || 3KM motor. Toyota Mirai ('21-'26). |} ===Restraint System=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description !Application |- |1 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus HS250h '10-'12, ES350 '10-'25,<br> ES250 AWD '21-'25, ES300h '13-'25,<br> ES350h '26-, ES350e '26-, ES500e '26-,<br> GS200t '16-'17, GS300 '18-'19,<br> GS350 '10-'11, '13-'20, GS460 '10-'11,<br> GS450h '10-'11, '13-'18, GS F '16-'20,<br> LS460 '10-'17 (Opt.), LS600hL '10-'12 (Opt.), LS600hL '13-'16, LS500 '18-'26, LS500h '18-'21,<br> RX350 '10-'15, RX450h '10-'15, IS250 '14-'15,<br> IS200t '16-'17, IS300 RWD '18-'25,<br> IS300 AWD '16-'25, IS350 '14-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance '22-'25,<br> Camry '12-'24, Avalon '13-'22 |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C, IS350C '10-'15 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '10-'12, Camry '10-'11, Prius '10-'15,<br> Prius V '12-'17 & '18 in Canada,<br> Scion tC '10,<br> Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada,<br> Highlander '10-'13, Sienna '11-'14 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag (Though not reflected in the VIN, a Front passenger seat cushion airbag is also standard.) |Sienna '15-'20 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 Prime '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '25 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for all rows |Corolla '10-'13,<br> Matrix '10-'13 & in Canada '14,<br> Yaris hatchback '10-'11, Yaris sedan '10-'12,<br> Scion xD '10-'12, Scion xB '10-'15,<br> Sienna '10, FJ Cruiser '10-'14,<br> Tacoma '10-'15 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for 1st 2 rows |RAV4 '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |4Runner '10-'26, Sequoia '10-'22,<br> Tundra '10-'26, Scion tC '11-'16,<br> Tacoma '16-'23, Tacoma Double Cab '24-'26,<br> Lexus LS460 '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'12, IS250/IS350 '10-'13, IS F '10-'14,<br> CT200h '11-'17, RC200t '16-'17,<br> RC300 RWD '18-'25, RC300 AWD '16-'25,<br> RC350 '15-'25, RC F '15-'25,<br> LC500 coupe '18-'26, LC500h '18-'25 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'21,<br> Lexus GX460 '10-'23, LX570 '10-'11, '13-'21, LX600 '22-'26, LX700h '25-'26 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Lexus LFA '12 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26, Camry '25-'26,<br> Crown Signia '25-'26, Sequoia '23-'26,<br> bZ4X '23-'25, bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-,<br> C-HR EV '26-,<br> Subaru Solterra '23-'26, Trailseeker '26-, Uncharted '26-,<br> Lexus RZ450e '23-'26, RZ300e '24-'25,<br> RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26- |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LC500 convertible '21-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Venza '21-'24, Grand Highlander '24-'26,<br> Lexus TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26,<br> TX550h+ '24-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Corolla Cross '22-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury '22-'24,<br> LX700h Ultra Luxury '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla '23-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24,<br> Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Tacoma XtraCab '24-'26 |- |B |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla Morizo Edition '23, GRMN Corolla '26- |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus NX250 '22-'25, NX350 '22-'26,<br> NX350h '22-'26, NX450h+ '22-'26 |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus GX550 '24-'26 |- |F |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Land Cruiser '24-'26 |- |J |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus UX200 '19-'22, UX250h '19-'24,<br> UX300h '25-'26 |- |K |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350L '18-'22, RX450hL '18-'22,<br> Sienna '21-'26 |- |L |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LS500 '18-'25 (Opt.), LS500h '18-'21 (Opt.), LS500h '22-'25 |- |M |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350 '16-'26, RX450h '16-'22,<br> RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26,<br> RX450h+ '24-'26, C-HR '18-'22, Corolla '21-'27, Prius '21-'22, Prius Prime '21-'22 |- |P |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Scion xD '13-'14 |- |R |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 '13-'25, RAV4 Hybrid '16-'26,<br> RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '26-,<br> Corolla '14-'20, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Highlander '14-'26, Prius '16-'20,<br> Prius Prime '17-'20, Mirai '16-'20,<br> Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'21,<br> NX300h '15-'21 |- |T |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Prius C '12-'19 |- |U |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Yaris hatchback '12-'18 & '19 in Canada |- |X |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags, and Rear Window airbag |Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13 |- |} ===Series=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Lexus LC500 ('18-'26) URZ100L, LC500h ('18-'25) GWZ100L |- |B |Scion TC ('10) ANT10L |- |B |Scion XD ('10-'14) ZSP110L |- |B |Lexus HS250h ('10-'12) ANF10L |- |B |Lexus CT200h ('11-'17) ZWA10L |- |B |Lexus LFA ('12) LFA10L |- |B |Scion iQ ('12-'15) NGJ10L, Scion iQ EV ('13) KPJ10L |- |B |Toyota Prius C ('12-'19) NHP10L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('13-'15) GRL10L, GS350 4wd ('13-'15) GRL15L |- |B |Lexus GS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & GS300 2wd ('18-'19) ARL10L, GS350 2wd ('16-'19) GRL12L, GS350 4wd ('16-'19) GRL16L, GS F ('16-'20) URL10L |- |B |Lexus GS450h ('13-'18) GWL10L |- |B |Lexus RC350 2wd ('15-'19) GSC10L, RC350 4wd ('15-'19) GSC15L, RC F ('15-'25) USC10L |- |B |Lexus RC200t 2wd ('16-'17) & RC300 2wd ('18-'19) ASC10L, RC300 4wd ('16-'19) GSC16L |- |B |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) JPD10L |- |B |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) ZGX10L |- |B |Toyota Corolla hatchback ('19-'27) MZEA12L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25) GSZ10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES300h ('19-'20) AXZH10L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Lexus UX200 ('19-'22) MZAA10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('23-'24) MZAH10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('19-'24) MZAH15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus IS250 2wd ('10-'13) GSE20L, IS250 4wd ('10-'13) GSE25L, IS350 2wd ('10-'13) GSE21L, IS350 4wd ('11-'13) GSE26L, IS F ('10-'14) USE20L |- |C |Lexus IS250C ('10-'15) GSE20L, IS350C ('10-'15) GSE21L |- |C |Scion TC ('11-'16) AGT20L |- |D |Toyota Avalon ('10-'12) GSX30L |- |D |Toyota Prius ('10-'15) ZVW30L |- |D |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15) ZVW35L |- |D |Toyota Yaris hatchback: NCP131L ('12-'18 & '19 in Canada) |- |D |Lexus IS250 2wd ('14-'15) GSE30L, IS250 4wd ('14-'15) GSE35L |- |D |Lexus IS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & IS300 2wd ('18-'19) ASE30L, IS300 4wd ('16-'19) GSE37L |- |D |Lexus IS350 2wd ('14-'19) GSE31L, IS350 4wd ('14-'19) GSE36L |- |E |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13) ZRE142L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12) AZE141L |- |E |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13 & in Canada '14) ZRE142L,<br> Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('10-'13) AZE141L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('10-'13) AZE144L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) AZE146L |- |E |Toyota Camry ('10-'11) I4: ASV40L, V6: GSV40L, Hybrid: AHV40L |- |E |Lexus ES350 ('10-'12) GSV40L |- |E |Lexus LS460 2wd ('10-'17) USF40L, LS460L 2wd ('10-'17) USF41L, LS460 4wd ('10-'17) USF45L, LS460L 4wd ('10-'17) USF46L |- |E |Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16) UVF46L |- |E |Lexus SC430 ('10) UZZ40L |- |E |Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada) ZVW41L |- |E |Toyota Avalon ('13-'18) V6: GSX40L, Hybrid: AVX40L |- |F |Toyota Camry ('12-'17) I4: ASV50L, V6: GSV50L, Hybrid: AVV50L |- |F |Toyota Prius ('16-'18) ZVW50L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, 2wd), ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd) |- |F |Toyota Prius ('19-'22) ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd), ZVW55L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22) ZVW52L (Lithium-ion Battery, PHEV, 2wd) |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('18-'19) VXFA50L, LS500 4wd ('18-'19) VXFA55L |- |F |Lexus LS500h 2wd ('18-'19) GVF50L, LS500h 4wd ('18-'19) GVF55L |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'22) V6: GSX50L (2wd) |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'20) Hybrid: AXXH50L (2wd) (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('13-'18) GSV60L |- |G |Lexus ES300h ('13-'18) AVV60L |- |H |Toyota Corolla sedan ('14-'19) ZRE172L |- |H |Toyota Camry ('18-'19) I4: AXVA70L, V6: GSV70L, Hybrid: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery), AXVH71L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |J |Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18) ZRE186L |- |K |Toyota Yaris - Hatchback: NCP91L ('10-'11), 4-d sedan: NCP93L ('10-'12) |- |K |Lexus GS350 2wd ('10-'11) GRS191L, GS350 4wd ('10-'11) GRS196L |- |K |Lexus GS460 ('10-'11) URS190L |- |K |Lexus GS450h ('10-'11) GWS191L |- |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ200L |- |A |Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ201L. In '20-'21, also denotes 4wd. |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |B |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('10-'14) GSJ10L (2wd), GSJ15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV10L (2wd), GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('16 [Canada only]) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX350 ('10-'15) GGL10L (2wd), GGL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX450h ('10-'15) GYL10L (2wd), GYL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX200t ('15-'17) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('18-'19) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300h - 2wd: AYZ10L ('15-'16), 4wd: AYZ15L ('15-'19) |- |B |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('16-'23) GRN310L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Sienna ('10) 2wd: GSL20L, 4wd: GSL25L |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) TRN220L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma X-Runner Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13 & '14 in Canada & '14-'15 in HI) GRN225L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Lexus RX350 ('16-'19) GGL20L (2wd), GGL25L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX350L ('18-'19) GGL21L (2wd), GGL26L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX450h - 2wd: GYL20L ('16), 4wd: GYL25L ('16-'19) |- |C |Lexus RX450hL 4wd: GYL26L ('18-'19) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada) I4: ASL30L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'20) V6: GSL30L (2wd), GSL35L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 ('10-'12) I4: ASA38L (2wd), ASA33L (4wd), V6: GSA38L (2wd), GSA33L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14) QEA38L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN330L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('10) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('11-'13) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) TRN240L (I4) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) TRN245L (I4), GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 ('13-'18) I4: ASA42L (2wd), ASA44L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'18) AVA44L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) TRN245L (I4) |- |F |Scion XB ('10-'15) AZE151L |- |F |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('10-'15) GRN250L (V6) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('10-'13) GSK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('14) GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('10) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('11-'13) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('14-'19) UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('10) USK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('11-'17) USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('18-'21) USK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('10) UPK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('11-'19) UPK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('10-'13) USK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('14-'17) USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('18-'21) USK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Lexus GX460 ('10-'19) URJ150L |- |F |Toyota Highlander ('14-'19) I4: ASU50L (2wd), V6: GSU50L (2wd), GSU55L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU58L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 ('19-'25) I4: AXAA52L (2wd), AXAA54L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid: ('19-'25) AXAH54L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd), ('21-'25) AXAL54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24) & RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25) AXAP54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12) 4.6L V8: UPK60L (2wd), UPK65L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('13-'20) 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('10) TRN260L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) TRN265L (I4), GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |H |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN270L (V6) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10) I4: TRN280L (2wd) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24) V6: GRN280L (2wd), GRN285L (4wd) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Series & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22) w/1.8L 2ZR-FAE engine: ZRE212L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 2wd: AXVA70L, V6 2wd: GSV70L, Hybrid 2wd: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Avalon ('21-'22) Hybrid: AXXH51L (2wd) (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) JPD20L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (Japan-built) |- |A |Toyota Crown ('23-'26) 2.5L Hybrid Awd: AZSH35L, 2.4L Turbo Hybrid Max Awd: TZSH35L |- |A |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Crown Signia ('25-'26) AZSH38L, Awd |- |A |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH11L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH21L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350e ('26-) XXZM21L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('20) ZWE211L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 Awd: AXVA75L |- |B |Lexus IS350 2wd ('20-'26) GSE31L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('20) GRL12L |- |B |Lexus RC300 2wd ('20-'25) ASC10L, RC350 2wd ('20-'25) GSC10L |- |B |Toyota Avalon ('21) I4 AWD: AXXA55L |- |B |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH65L, Awd |- |C |Toyota Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'26), FX Edition ('25) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA12L, 2wd |- |C |Lexus GS350 4wd ('20) GRL16L |- |C |Lexus ES300h ('21-'25) AXZH11L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |C |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24) & Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) MXWH61L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXVH80L |- |D |Lexus IS300 2wd ('20-'25) ASE30L, IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25) USE30L, 2wd |- |D |Lexus RC350 Awd ('20-'25) GSC15L |- |D |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('21-'22) ZWE213L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |D |Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25) AXZA15L, Awd |- |D |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (US-built) |- |D |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXVH85L |- |D |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH16L, Awd |- |D |Toyota GR Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (UK-built) |- |D |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH26L, Awd |- |D |Lexus ES500e ('26-) XXZM26L, Awd |- |E |Lexus IS350 Awd ('20-'26) GSE36L |- |E |Lexus RC300 Awd ('20-'25) GSC16L |- |E |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (Japan-built) |- |F |Lexus IS300 Awd ('20-'25) GSE37L |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('20-'25) VXFA50L, LS500h 2wd ('20-'21) GVF50L |- |F |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE219L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |G |Lexus LS500 Awd ('20-'26) VXFA55L, LS500h Awd ('20-'25) GVF55L |- |H |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE215L, Awd (Lithium-ion Battery) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 2wd: GSU70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('23-'25) I4 Turbo 2wd: TXUA70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'24) Hybrid 2wd: AXUH70L |- |A |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL20L (2wd) |- |A |Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) AXUH85L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH80L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |A |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA20L (2wd), NX350h ('26-) AAZH20L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) XEAM10L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus RZ450e ('23-'25) XEBM15L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TASA10L, Hybrid 2wd: AASH10L |- |A |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TJH250L |- |A |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TZNA50L |- |A |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL64L, Awd; RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-) AXAP64L, Awd |- |A |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-), Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 4wd: GSU75L |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('23-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TXUA75L |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus GX460 ('20-'23) URJ150L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK65L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH85L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26) MXGH15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA71L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH71L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |B |Toyota bZ4X (Early '23), Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |B |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e ('24-'25) XEBM10L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo Awd: TASA15L, Hybrid Awd: AASH15L, Hybrid Max Awd: TASH15L |- |B |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA15L (Awd), TX500h ('24-'26) TAUH15L (Awd) |- |B |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TZNA55L, i-Force MAX Hybrid 4wd: TZNH55L |- |B |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL62L, 2wd |- |B |Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM10L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Highlander ('20-'26) Hybrid 4wd: AXUH78L |- |C |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA72L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |C |Lexus LX600 ('22-'26) VJA310L (4wd), LX700h ('25-'26) VJH310L (4wd) |- |C |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA15L (Awd), RX350h ('23-'26) AALH15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus TX550h+ ('24-'26) GYU15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus RZ450e ('26-), RZ550e ('26-) XEBM25L, Awd |- |D |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ15L (Awd), NX300h ('20-'21) AYZ15L (Awd) |- |D |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL25L (Awd), RX450h ('20-'22) GYL25L (Awd) |- |D |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |D |Lexus GX550 ('24-'26) VJA252L, 4wd |- |D |Lexus RZ350e ('26-) XEBM20L, 2wd |- |E |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL21L (2wd) |- |E |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXLH40L |- |E |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA76L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH76L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |E |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA25L (Awd), NX350 ('22-'26) TAZA25L (Awd), NX350h ('22-'26) AAZH25L (Awd) |- |E |Lexus RX500h ('23-'26) TALH17L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota bZ ('26-) XEAM11L, 2wd |- |F |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL26L (Awd), RX450hL ('20-'22) GYL26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXLH45L |- |F |Lexus NX450h+ ('22-'26) AAZH26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5, TRD PreRunner XtraCab 2wd, SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab 2wd: TZNA40L (278 hp) |- |F |Toyota bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT ('26-) XEAM15L, Awd |- |G |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA77L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |G |Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26) AALH16L (Awd) |- |G |Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited ('26-) XEAM18L, Awd |- |H |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 2wd, SR Double Cab 2wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA41L (228 hp) |- |H |Toyota bZ Woodland ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker ('26-) XEAM17L, Awd |- |J |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5 XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/man. trans., SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited Double Cab 4wd: TZNA45L (278 hp w/auto. trans., 270 hp w/man. trans.) |- |K |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA46L (228 hp) |- |L |Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max Hybrid ('24-'26) TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, TRD Pro Double Cab 4wd: TZNH47L (326 total system hp [all except Trailhunter], 323 total system hp on Trailhunter) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Vehicle Line & Make=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Scion iQ, Toyota Scion iQ EV ('13) |- |1 |Toyota Tundra ('10-'21) |- |1 |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22) |- |1 |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25), ES250 AWD ('21-'25), ES300h ('19-'25) |- |1 |Lexus ES350h ('26-), ES350e ('26-), ES550e ('26-) |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS200t, IS300 RWD, IS300 AWD, IS350, IS F, IS 500 F Sport Performance, IS250C, IS350C |- |3 |Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12) |- |3 |Toyota Prius C |- |4 |Toyota Scion xD |- |5 |Toyota Grand Highlander, Grand Highlander Hybrid |- |6 |Lexus TX350, TX500h, TX550h+ |- |7 |Toyota Scion tC |- |A |Lexus HS250h |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350L, RX450h, RX450hL |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350h, RX500h, RX450h+ |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X, Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) |- |B |Toyota Avalon, Avalon Hybrid |- |B |Toyota bZ |- |B |Toyota bZ Woodland |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e, RZ350e, RZ450e, RZ550e |- |C |Toyota Sienna, Sienna Hybrid |- |C |Lexus RC200t, RC300 RWD, RC300 AWD, RC350, RC F |- |C |Subaru Solterra ('26-) |- |C |Subaru Trailseeker |- |D |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) |- |D |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-) |- |E |Toyota Corolla, GR Corolla, GRMN Corolla |- |E |Toyota Scion iM, Corolla iM |- |E |Toyota Matrix |- |E |Toyota Scion xB |- |E |Subaru Uncharted |- |F |Toyota FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |F |Lexus LS500, LS500h |- |F |Toyota Crown ('23-) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), ES300h ('13-'18) |- |G |Toyota Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid |- |H |Toyota Highlander, Highlander Hybrid |- |H |Lexus CT200h |- |H |Lexus LFA |- |H |Lexus UX200, UX250h, UX300h |- |H |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Full-size: '10-'11, '13-'21) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Mid-size: '24-'26) |- |J |Toyota Crown Signia |- |K |Toyota Camry, Camry Hybrid |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS450h ('13-'15) |- |L |Lexus GS200t, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('16-'17) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('18) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS F ('19) |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS F ('20) |- |N |Toyota Tacoma |- |P |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15), Prius Prime ('17-'22) |- |R |Toyota 4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS350, GS460, GS450h ('10-'11) |- |U |Toyota Prius, Prius V |- |U |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |- |V |Toyota RAV4, RAV4 Hybrid, RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26), RAV4 EV |- |X |Lexus GX460, GX550 |- |X |Lexus LX570, LX600, LX700h |- |X |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Y |Lexus LC500, LC500h |- |Z |Lexus NX200t, NX300, NX300h |- |Z |Lexus NX250, NX350, NX350h, NX450h+ |} ===Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2022- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |B |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 5.5 ft. Bed |- |C |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |D |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 8.1 ft. Bed |} ==VIN Format 1996-2009== Toyota has used the following VIN format from 1996-2009 for North America and since 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |5 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |D |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |H |MPV: [[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |Truck: [[#Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System|Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System]] |- |5 |F |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |8 |C ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |S |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo) |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo, Yaris, Corolla, Camry, Avalon, '01-'03 Prius, Lexus ES, IS, GS, LS) |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD ('96-'97 Paseo, '96-'98 Celica, '96 Camry coupe, '99-'08 Camry Solara, '96-'00 Lexus SC300/SC400) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus GS300 AWD '06, GS350 AWD '07-'09, LS460 AWD '09) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD ('96-'05 Celica, '96-'98 Supra, '05-'09 Scion tC) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD ('09 Lexus LS460L AWD, '08-'09 LS600hL) |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD ('96 Corolla wagon, '96 Camry wagon, '02-'05 Lexus IS300 SportCross) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD ('97 Paseo conv., '96-'99 Celica conv., '00-'08 Camry Solara conv., '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '02-'09 Lexus SC430) |- |G |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS ('09 Matrix XRS) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD ('07-'09 Lexus LS460L) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD ('07-'09 Yaris 3-door) |- |K |4DR Hatchback or 5DR Liftback 2WD ('04-'09 Prius, '09 Yaris 5-door) / 5DR Sedan 2WD ('03-'08 Matrix 2wd, Scion xA, xD) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension ('09 Matrix Base model & S 2wd) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD ('03-'06, '09 Matrix 4wd) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 Lexus GX470) |- |D |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'97 Previa, '98-'00 Sienna, '96-'05 RAV4, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '01-'07 Highlander,<br> '96-'02 4Runner) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'97 Previa All-Trac, '96-'05 RAV4, '01-'07 Highlander, '96-'02 4Runner, '96-'09 Land Cruiser, '99-'03 Lexus RX300,<br> '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '96-'97 Lexus LX450, '98-'07 LX470, '08-'09 LX570) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'06, '08-'09 Scion xB) |- |X |2DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Y |2DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD ('98-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia) |- |} ===Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {{center|'''All have hydraulic brakes.'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |Tundra Access Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |D |Tundra Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |E |Tundra Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |G |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |H |Tacoma Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |J |T100 Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98), Tundra Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |R |Tundra Access Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |S |Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('98-'04) |- |T |T100 XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |U |T100 XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |V |Tacoma XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |W |Tacoma XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |L |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |M |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |R |Tundra Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |B |Tundra Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |S |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |C |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |E |Tundra CrewMax LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |D |Tundra CrewMax LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Engine Type 1996-2009=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('96-'97). |- | A || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330 ('04-'06),<br> Camry Solara ('04-'08). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla, Celica ST ('96-'97). |- | B || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 3CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('04-'09). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('07-'09). |- | C || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada), Paseo ('96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('07-'09). |- | D || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 2JZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Supra ('96-'98), Lexus GS300 ('96-'05), SC300 ('96-'00), IS300 ('01-'05). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('01-'07), RAV4 ('04-'08). |- | E || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('96-'98). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('02-'09), Camry Solara ('02-'08), Scion tC ('05-'09),<br> Scion xB ('08-'09), Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS ('09). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('06-'09), GS350 ('07-'09). |- | E || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine. Toyota Venza, Highlander ('09). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('96-'03), Avalon ('96-'99), Sienna ('98-'00),<br> Lexus ES300 ('96-'98), Camry Solara ('99-'03). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry LE V6, XLE V6 ('04-'06), Avalon ('00-'04),<br> Highlander ('01-'03), Sienna ('01-'03), Lexus ES300 ('99-'03), RX300 ('99-'03). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('09). |- | G || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT ('96-'99), Camry ('96-'01), Camry Solara ('99-'01). |- | H || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400, SC400 ('96-'00), GS400 ('98-'00). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1AZ-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03). |- | H || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3GR-FSE engine. Lexus GS300 ('06). |- | J || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX450 ('96-'97). |- | J || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Lexus ES350 ('07-'09). |- | K || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('96-'97). |- | K || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 2CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('01-'03). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('05-'09), RAV4 ('06-'09), Camry V6, Sienna,<br> Lexus RX350 ('07-'09), Venza ('09). |- | K || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('06-'09). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('96-'04). |- | L || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus GS430 ('01-'05). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('07-'09), GS460 ('08-'09). |- | L || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Japanese-built Toyota Corolla ('09). |- | M || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'00), T100 ('96-'98). |- | N || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'02), T100 ('96-'98), Tundra ('00-'04). |- | N || 2.2L || I4 || CNG || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FNE engine. Toyota Camry ('00-'01). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS430 ('01-'06), SC430 ('02-'09), GS430 ('06-'07). |- | P || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('96-'00). |- | P || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('04-'07). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('08-'09). |- | R || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('00 & later). Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('98-'08), Celica GT, MR2 Spyder ('00-'05),<br> Matrix ('03-'08). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('08-'09). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'05), Toyota Tundra ('00-'04),<br> Sequoia ('01-'04), 4Runner, Lexus GX470 ('03-'04). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('06-'07), Toyota 4Runner, Sequoia, Tundra, Lexus GX470 ('05-'09). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Echo ('00-'05), Yaris ('07-'09), Scion xA, xB ('04-'06). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09), Tacoma, Tundra ('05-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Scion xD ('08-'09), US- & Canadian-built Toyota Corolla ('09),<br> Matrix ('09). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09). |- | V || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Tundra ('07-'09). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid ('06-'09), Lexus RX400h ('06-'08). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Tundra ('09). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('05-'09). |- | Y || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVTL-i. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('00-'05), Matrix XRS ('03-'06), Corolla XRS ('05-'06). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia, Land Cruiser, Lexus LX570 ('08-'09). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence, VVTL-i= Variable Valve Timing and Lift w/Intelligence, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 1996-2009==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | S || 27.4 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Electricity || Front || 1BM motor. Toyota RAV4 EV ('98-'03). |} ===Series 1996-2009=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('96-'97): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door ('96-'97) or wagon ('96) w/1.8L engine: AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('96-'97): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('96-'99): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry ('96) I4: SXV'''1'''0L, V6: MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 ('96) MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('96-'99) MCX'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Corolla ('98-'02) ZZE1'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Echo ('00-'05) NCP'''1'''2L |- |1 |Toyota Prius ('01-'03) NHW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) JCE'''1'''0L |- |1 |Scion TC ('05-'09) ANT1'''0'''L |- |1 |Scion XD ('08-'09) ZSP1'''1'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('96-'00) UCF'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Camry ('97-'01) I4: SXV'''2'''0L, V6: MCV'''2'''0L, CNG I4 ('00-'01): SXV'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Camry Solara - 2.2L I4 ('99-'01): SXV'''2'''0L, 2.4L I4 ('02-'03): ACV'''2'''0L, V6 ('99-'03): MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus ES300 ('97-'01) MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Avalon ('00-'04) MCX'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Prius ('04-'09) NHW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus IS250 2wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''0L, IS250 4wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''5L, IS350 ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''1L, IS F ('08-'09) USE'''2'''0L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('96-'00) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('96-'00) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Celica - GT w/1ZZ-FE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''0L, GT-S w/2ZZ-GE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) ZZW'''3'''0L |- |3 |Lexus LS430 ('01-'06) UCF'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Camry ('02-'06) I4: ACV'''3'''0L, 3.0L V6: MCV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 SE V6): MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Camry Solara ('04-'08) I4 : ACV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6: MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus ES300 ('02-'03) MCV'''3'''0L, ES330 ('04-'06) MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Corolla w/1ZZ-FE engine ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''0L, Corolla XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('05-'06) ZZE1'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 2wd ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''2L, Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 4wd ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''3L |- |3 |Toyota Avalon ('05-'09) GSX'''3'''0L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('96-'97) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |4 |Lexus SC430 ('02-'09) UZZ'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Camry ('07-'09) I4: ACV'''4'''0L, V6: GSV'''4'''0L, Hybrid: AHV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus ES350 ('07-'09) GSV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''0L, LS460L 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''1L |- |4 |Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09) UVF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''5L, LS460L 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''6L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel (US: '96-'98, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''3L |- |5 |Toyota Paseo (US: '96-'97, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''4L |- |6 |Lexus GS300 ('98-'05) JZS1'''6'''0L, GS400 ('98-'00) UZS1'''6'''0L, GS430 ('01-'05) UZS1'''6'''1L |- |6 |Scion XA ('04-'06) NCP'''6'''1L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('96-'98) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Yaris ('07-'09) Hatchback: NCP'''9'''1L, 4-d sedan: NCP'''9'''3L |- |9 |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''0L, GS300 4wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''5L |- |9 |Lexus GS350 2wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''1L, GS350 4wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''6L |- |9 |Lexus GS430 ('06-'07) UZS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS460 ('08-'09) URS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS450h ('07-'09) GWS1'''9'''1L |- |} CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('98-'07), Lexus LX470 ('98-'07) UZJ1'''0'''0L |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''0L |- |0 |Lexus LX570 ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('96-'97) TCR'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 2wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''5L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''6L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 4wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''0L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 EV 2wd ('98-'03) 4-door: BEA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Sienna ('98-'03) MCL'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03) MCU'''1'''0L (2wd), MCU'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09) V6: GRN2'''1'''0L (2wd), GRN2'''1'''5L (4wd), V8: UZN2'''1'''0L (2wd), UZN2'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('07-'09) GSJ'''1'''0L (2wd), GSJ'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota Venza 2wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''0L, V6: GGV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Venza 4wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''5L, V6: GGV'''1'''5L |- |1 |Toyota T100 I4 2wd ('96-'98) RCK'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota T100 V6 2wd ('96-'98) VCK'''1'''1L |- |2 |Toyota T100 V6 4wd ('96-'98) VCK'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('96-'97) TCR'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03) ACA'''2'''6L (2wd), ACA'''2'''1L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('04-'05) ACA'''2'''8L (2wd), ACA'''2'''3L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('04-'06) 2wd: MCL'''2'''0L, 4wd: MCL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('07-'09) 2wd: GSL'''2'''0L, 4wd: GSL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 2wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''0L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''0L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''3L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 4wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''5L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''5L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''8L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''8L |- |2 |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) UZJ1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''0L (I4) |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''5L (I4), GRN2'''2'''5L (V6) |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 2wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''3'''0L, '05-'06 4.0L V6: GSK'''3'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 2wd ('04-'06) UCK'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Sequoia ('01-'07) UCK'''3'''5L (2wd), UCK'''4'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Scion XB ('04-'06) NCP'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus RX330 ('04-'06) MCU'''3'''3L (2wd), MCU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX350 ('07-'09) GSU'''3'''0L (2wd), GSU'''3'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX400h ('06-'08) MHU'''3'''3L (2wd), MHU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('06-'08) I4: ACA'''3'''8L (2wd), ACA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('09) I4: ASA'''3'''8L (2wd), ASA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''5L (I4), GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 4wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''4'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 4wd ('04-'06) UCK'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('08) 2wd: GSU'''4'''0L, 4wd: GSU'''4'''5L, Hybrid 4wd: MHU'''4'''8L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('09) I4: ASU'''4'''0L (2wd), V6: GSU'''4'''0L (2wd), GSU'''4'''5L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU'''4'''8L (4wd) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''5'''0L (2.4L I4), VZN1'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('07-'09) GSK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Scion XB ('08-'09) AZE1'''5'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''6'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''0L (I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''5L (I4), GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Sequoia ('08-'09) 4.7L V8: UCK'''6'''0L (2wd), UCK'''6'''5L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK'''6'''0L (2wd), USK'''6'''5L (4wd) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''7'''1L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab 4wd ('01-'04) VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''7'''0L (V6) |- |8 |Toyota 4Runner - '96-'00 I4: RZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), RZN1'''8'''5L (4wd), '96-'02 V6: VZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), VZN1'''8'''5L (4wd) |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('96-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab [2wd] ('99-'04) RZN1'''9'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab [2wd] ('98-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab [2wd] ('01-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America)<br> Note: Toyota/Lexus VINs before 2010 do not reflect if the vehicle has rear-seat side airbags. Some Lexus ES, GS, & LS models are so equipped. !Code !Description !Application |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags |Tercel '96-'98, Corolla '96-'08, Camry '96-'06, Avalon '96-'97, Paseo '96-'97, Celica '96-'05,<br> Supra '96-'98, Camry Solara '99-'03, Echo '00-'05, MR2 Spyder '00-'05, Prius '01-'06,<br> Matrix '03-'08, Yaris '07-'08, Scion xA '04-'06, Lexus ES300 '96-'97, GS300 '96-'97, LS400 '96,<br> SC300/SC400 '96-'00 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '07-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '05-'09, Camry '07-'09, Scion tC '05-'07 (Opt.), Scion tC '08-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LS430 '04-'06, LS460 '07-'09, LS600hL '08-'09, GS300 '06, GS350 '07-'09,<br> GS430 '06-'07, GS460 '08-'09, GS450h '07-'09, IS250/IS350 '06-'09, IS F '08-'09,<br> ES350 '07-'09 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Scion tC '05-'07 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Side Airbags |Corolla '98-'04 (Opt.), Camry '98-'01 (Opt.), Avalon '98-'04, Camry Solara '99-'03 (Opt.),<br> Camry Solara coupe '04-'06, Camry Solara convertible '04-'08, Celica '00-'05 (Opt.),<br> Echo '01-'05 (Opt.), Prius '01-'03 (Opt.), Matrix '03-'04 (Opt.), Lexus LS400 '97-'00,<br> ES300 '98-'01, GS300/GS400 '98-'00, IS300 '01, SC430 '02-'06 |- |9 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front-seat Side Curtain Airbags |Lexus GS300/GS430 '01-'05, IS300 '02-'05 |- |0 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Camry '02-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '04-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '07-'08,<br> Prius '04-'06 (Opt.), Prius '07-'09, Corolla '05-'08 (Opt.), Corolla '09, Matrix '05-'08 (Opt.), Matrix '09, Yaris '07-'08 (Opt.), Yaris '09, Scion xA '04-'06 (Opt.), Scion xD '08-'09, Lexus LS430 '01-'03, ES300 '02-'03, ES330 '04-'06 |- |} ===Grade=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |RAV4 ('96-'05), Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), GX470 ('03-'09), LX470 ('98-'07), LX570 ('08-'09), Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |1 |T100 [Base model] ('96-'98), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander/Highlander Hybrid [Base model] ('08-'09), RAV4 Limited 2-row ('06-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09), Venza ('09), Lexus RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09), RX400h ('06-'08) |- |2 |Previa DX ('96-'97), Tacoma [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('98-'00), Tacoma ('01-'09), T100 DX ('96-'98), Tundra [Base model] ('00-'09),<br> Sienna XLE ('04-'09), Sienna XLE Limited ('04-'05), Sienna Limited ('06-'09), Scion xB w/auto. trans. ('04-'06), RAV4 Sport 2-row ('06-'09),<br> Highlander Limited ('08-'09) |- |3 |Previa LE ('96-'97), Sienna LE, XLE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [US market] ('04-'09), Sienna LE ('04-'09), Scion xB w/man. trans. ('04-'06),<br> RAV4 [Base model, 2-row] ('06-'09), Highlander Sport ('08-'09) |- |4 |4Runner [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('96-'97), Tacoma Limited ('98-'00), T100 SR5 ('96-'98), Tundra SR5 ('00-'09), Sequoia SR5 ('01-'09),<br> 4Runner SR5, Sport ('03-'09), RAV4 Limited 3-row ('06-'09), Highlander Hybrid Limited ('08-'09) |- |5 |Land Cruiser ('96-'09), RAV4 [Base model, 3-row] ('06-'09) |- |6 |4Runner SR5 ('96-'02) |- |7 |4Runner Limited ('96-'09), Sequoia Platinum ('08-'09) |- |8 |Lexus LX450 ('96-'97), Tundra Limited ('00-'09), Sequoia Limited ('01-'09) |- |9 |Sienna CE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [Canadian market] ('04-'09) |} ===Vehicle Line=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra |- |2 |Lexus IS300 |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS350, IS F |- |3 |Echo / Yaris |- |4 |Scion xA / Scion xD |- |4 |Scion xB ('04-'06) |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Supra |- |A |Highlander |- |A |Sequoia |- |A |Venza |- |B |Avalon |- |C |Sienna |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix |- |E |Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS400 |- |F |Lexus LS430 |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |G |Lexus ES300, ES330, ES350 |- |H |Paseo |- |J |Land Cruiser |- |J |Lexus LX450 |- |K |Camry |- |L |Tercel |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS300, GS350 |- |S |Lexus GS430, GS460 |- |S |Lexus GS450h |- |T |Celica |- |U |Prius |- |U |Lexus RX300 |- |U |Lexus RX330, RX350, RX400h |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |Lexus LX470, LX570 |- |X |Lexus GS400 |- |X |Lexus GX470 |- |Y |RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |Y |Lexus SC400 |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Z |Lexus SC300 |- |} ==VIN Format 1981-1995== For vehicles prior to model year 1996 for North America and 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |V |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |N |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |1 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |3 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |G ||[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System]] |- |9 |3 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |R |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |5 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |6 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |2 |- |14 |2 |- |15 |2 |- |16 |1 |- |17 |7 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |3 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |J |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |4 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |V ||[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |D |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Drivetrain Type|Drivetrain Type]] |- |7 |2 |[[#Cab Type & Chassis|Cab Type & Chassis]] |- |8 |P ||[[#Series (Grade) & Brake System|Series (Grade) & Brake System]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} ===Engine Type 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3A-C engine. Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82), Tercel ('83-'86), Tercel wagon ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('83), Corolla Sport DX, SR5 ('84-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GELC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 ('85-'89), Corolla FX-16 ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GEC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GZE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89) |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla GT-S ('88-'91). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-F engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'89). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'95), Celica ST ('90-'93). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FE engine. Toyota Previa ('91-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('94-'95). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'85). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('84-'85). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('86). |- | D || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('93-'95). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || 1-bbl carb. Toyota 3E engine. Toyota Tercel ('87-'90). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3E-E engine. Toyota Tercel ('90-'94). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('95), Paseo ('92-'95). |- | F || 4.2L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || 2-bbl. Carb. Toyota 2F engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('81-'87). |- | F || 4.0L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3F-E engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('88-'92). |- | G || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('94-'95), Avalon ('95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2JZ-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('93-'95), Lexus SC300 ('92-'95), GS300 ('93-'95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('93-'95). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4K-C engine. Toyota Starlet ('81-'82). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4K-E engine. Toyota Starlet ('83-'84). |- | L || 2.2L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota L engine. Toyota Pickup ('81-'83). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L engine. Toyota Pickup ('84-'85). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L-T engine. Toyota Pickup ('85). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-E engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('81), Cressida ('81-'82). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-GE engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86), Cressida ('83-'88). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92), Cressida ('89-'92). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('87-'92). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 22R engine. Toyota Celica, Corona ('81-'82), Pickup ('81-'90), 4Runner ('84). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-E (EC for CA emissions version) engine.<br> Toyota Celica ('83-'85), Pickup ('84-'95), 4Runner ('85-'95). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-TE (TEC for CA emissions version) engine. Toyota Pickup ('85-'88), 4Runner ('86-'87). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 2S-ELC engine. Toyota Camry ('83-'86), Celica ST/GT ('86). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GELC engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('86-'89). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota Celica ST/GT ('87-'89), Camry ('87-'91). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GTE engine.<br> Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93), MR2 Turbo ('91-'95). |- | S || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT/GT-S ('90-'93), Celica GT ('94-'95), MR2 ('91-'95), Camry ('92-'95). |- | T || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3T-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('81-'82). |- | U || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400 ('90-'95), SC400 ('92-'95). |- | U || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('95). |- | U || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('94-'95). |- | V || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('88-'91), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-E engine. Toyota 4Runner, Pickup ('88-'95), T100 ('93-'94). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('92-'93). |- | V || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('95). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 3Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('84-'85). |- | Y || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('86-'89). |} ===Vehicle Line 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Celica rwd ('81-'85) |- |A |Celica Supra ('81-'86) |- |A |Supra ('86 1/2-'95) |- |B |Avalon ('95) |- |C |Previa ('91-'95) |- |D |T100 ('93-'95) |- |E |Corolla ('81-'95) |- |F |Lexus LS400 ('90-'95) |- |J |Land Cruiser ('81-'95) |- |K |Camry ('92-'95) |- |K |Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |L |Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) |- |L |Tercel ('83-'95) |- |L |Paseo ('92-'95) |- |N |Pickup (compact pickup & chassis cab '81-'95) |- |N |Tacoma ('95 1/2) |- |N |4Runner ('84-'95) |- |P |Starlet ('81-'84) |- |R |Van ('84-'89) |- |S |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |T |Corona ('81-'82) |- |T |Celica fwd or awd ('86-'95) |- |V |Camry ('83-'91) |- |V |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |- |W |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95) |- |X |Cressida ('81-'92) |- |Z |Lexus SC300, SC400 ('92-'95) |- |} ===Model Designation=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door or wagon w/1.8L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('94-'95): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('94-'95): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - Gas I4 ('83-'86): SV'''1'''1L, 1.8L Turbodiesel I4 [1C-TLC] ('84-'85): CV'''1'''0L, 2.0L Turbodiesel I4 [2C-TLC] ('86): CV'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota MR2 ('85-'89) AW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus LS400 ('90-'94) UCF'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - I4 ('92-'95): SXV'''1'''0L, V6 w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, V6 w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 - w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('95) MCX'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) AL12L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |2 |Toyota Camry sedan - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1L, I4 All-Trac 4WD ('88-'91): SV'''2'''5L, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Camry wagon - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1LG, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1LG |- |2 |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota MR2 ('91-'95) Base model w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: SW'''2'''1L, Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: SW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('95) UCF'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Corona ('81-'82) RT1'''3'''5L |- |3 |Toyota Tercel hatchback ('83-'86) AL21L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel wagon - 2wd: ('84-'87) AL21LG, 4wd: ('83-'88) AL25LG (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel coupe & hatchback ('87-'90) EL'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('92-'95) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('92-'95) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Celica ('81) RA'''4'''3L |- |4 |Toyota Celica Supra ('81) MA'''4'''7L |- |4 |Toyota Tercel ('91-'94) EL'''4'''2L |- |4 |Toyota Paseo ('92-'95) EL'''4'''4L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel ('95) EL'''5'''3L |- |6 |Toyota Starlet ('81-'84) KP'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Cressida - sedan w/solid (live) rear axle ('81-'82): MX'''6'''2L, sedan w/IRS ('83-'84): MX'''6'''3L, wagon ('81-'84): MX'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/22R engine ('82): RA'''6'''4L, ST & GT w/22R-E/EC engine & solid (live) rear axle ('83-'85): RA'''6'''4L,<br> GT-S w/22R-E/EC engine & IRS ('83-'85): RA'''6'''5L |- |6 |Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86) MA'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/2S-ELC engine ('86): ST1'''6'''1L, ST & GT w/3S-FE engine ('87-'89): ST1'''6'''2L, GT-S w/3S-GELC engine ('86-'89): ST1'''6'''2L,<br> All-Trac Turbo w/3S-GTE engine ('88): ST1'''6'''5L |- |7 |Toyota Corolla - w/1.8L OHV 3T-C engine ('81-'82): TE'''7'''2L, w/1.6L SOHC 4A-C engine ('83): AE'''7'''1L |- |7 |Toyota Cressida - sedan ('85-'88): MX'''7'''3L, wagon ('85-'87): MX'''7'''2LG |- |7 |Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92) MA'''7'''0L |- |8 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd, gas-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Fwd, diesel-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'85): CE'''8'''0L, Corolla FX/FX-16 Fwd 3-door hatchback ('87-'88): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Corolla Sport - Rwd, gas-powered 2-door coupe & 3-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''6L |- |8 |Toyota Cressida ('89-'92) MX'''8'''3L |- |8 |Toyota Celica ('90-'93) - ST w/1.6L 4A-FE engine: AT1'''8'''0L, GT & GT-S w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: ST1'''8'''4L, All-Trac Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: ST1'''8'''5L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('93-'95) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd 2-door coupe, 4-door sedan, & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''2L, All-Trac 4wd 4-door sedan ('89-'90) & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''5L |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('91-'95) TCR'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Van - w/2.0L 3Y-EC engine ('84-'85): YR'''2'''1LG, w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 2wd ('86-'89): YR'''2'''2LG |- |2 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 2wd ('90-'91): RN1'''2'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 2wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('91-'95) TCR'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Van w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 4wd ('87-'89): YR'''3'''1LG |- |3 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 4wd ('90-'95): RN1'''3'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 4wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Land Cruiser 40 Series 2-door Hardtop ('81-'83) FJ'''4'''0LV |- |6 |Toyota Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - w/2F engine: FJ'''6'''0LG ('81-'87), w/3F-E engine ('88-'90): FJ'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota 4Runner 4wd - I4: RN'''6'''0LG ('84-'85), RN'''6'''1LG ('86-'89), V6 ('88-'89): VZN'''6'''1LG |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser - w/3F-E engine ('91-'92): FJ'''8'''0L, w/1FZ-FE engine ('93-'95) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |} ===Drivetrain Type=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |4wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95) |- |0 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '95 |- |1 |4wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95) |- |1 |2wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |4wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |2wd (Cargo Van) '84-'89 |- |3 |4wd (Cargo Van) '87-'89 |- |4 |2wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |5 |2wd (Pickup, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version) '84-'88 |- |5 |2wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |6 |4wd (Pickup '84-'88, 4Runner - truck version '84-'89, Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |6 |4wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |6 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '84-'85, '87-'89 |- |7 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab - Extra LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |2wd (Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |4wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |8 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '91-'93 |- |8 |2wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version '89-'93) |- |9 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '89-'93) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Series (Grade)=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Supra [base model] ('86 1/2-'92), Corolla LE ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95), Avalon XL ('95) Lexus SC400 ('92-'95) |- |1 |Starlet ('81-'84), Corolla Tercel [base model] ('81-'82), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d/4-d ('82), Tercel [base model] ('83-'89), Tercel EZ ('87),<br> Tercel [base model w/carbureted engine] ('90), Corolla [base model] ('81-'83), Camry [base model] ('87), Camry DX ('87-'95), Supra Turbo ('87-'92),<br> Corolla [base model] ('90-'92), MR2 [base model] ('91-'95), Supra [base model] ('93-'95), Avalon XLS ('95), Lexus LS400 ('90-'94), SC300 ('92-'95) |- |2 |Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d ('81), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 3-d ('81-'82), Tercel Deluxe ('83-'89), Tercel Deluxe w/carbureted engine ('90), Corolla DX ('81-'83),<br> Corolla SR5 ('83), Corolla DX 4-d sedan/5-d hatch ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('88-'89), Corona Deluxe ('81-'82),<br> Cressida ('81-'82), Cressida wagon ('83-'87), Camry DX ('83-'85), Camry DX w/gasoline engine ('86), Camry LE ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('87-'89),<br> MR2 Turbo ('91-'95), Supra Turbo ('93-'95), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91), LS400 ('95) |- |3 |Celica ST ('81-'86), Cressida sedan ('83-'92), Corolla LE ('84-'89), Camry DX turbodiesel ('86), Tercel [base model w/fuel injected engine] ('90),<br> Tercel DX ('91-'94), Camry XLE ('92-'95), Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |4 |Celica GT ('81-'86), Corolla LE Limited ('85-'86), Camry [base model] ('88-'91), Corolla DX All-Trac wagon ('88-'92), Corolla DX All-Trac sedan ('89-'90), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('90-'92), Tercel Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('90), Tercel LE ('91-'93), Camry SE ('92-'95), Corolla [base model] ('93-'95) |- |5 |Corolla SR5 ('81-'82), Corolla Sport [DX] ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('88-'89), Celica GT-S ('83-'93), Tercel SR5 ('83-'88), MR2 [base model] ('85-'89),<br> Paseo ('92-'95), Tercel [base model] ('95) |- |6 |Corona Luxury Edition ('81-'82), Camry LE ('83-'86), Corolla Sport SR5 ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 All-Trac wagon ('88-'90), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('90-'91),<br> Celica ST ('87-'93), MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89), Tercel EZ ('88-'90), Tercel [base model] ('91-'94), Tercel DX ('95) |- |7 |Celica Supra ('81-'86), Corolla FX16 ('87-'88), Celica GT coupe/liftback ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('91-'93, '95), Corolla LE ('90-'92),<br> Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |8 |Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87), Corolla GT-S Coupe ('88-'91), Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93) |- |9 |Corolla FX16 GT-S ('87-'88), Corolla DX ('93-'95) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Land Cruiser 40 Series ('81-'83), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('81-'87), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('91-'92) |- |1 |Previa DX ('91-'95), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('93-'95) |- |2 |Van Deluxe ('84-'89), 4Runner Deluxe ('85), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('88-'90), Previa LE ('91-'95) |- |3 |4Runner Deluxe ('86, '88-'89), Previa DX S/C ('95) |- |4 |4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('86-'87, '89), Previa LE S/C ('94-'95) |- |5 |4Runner SR5 ('84-'85) |- |6 |Van LE ('84-'89), 4Runner SR5 V6 ('88-'89) |- |7 |4Runner SR5 Turbo ('86-'87), 4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('90-'95) |- |9 |4Runner SR5 V6 ('90-'95) |} ===Cab Type & Chassis=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 (when following 5 or 6 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |0 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in.] (Pickup '86-'88) |- |0 |Wagon [4DR], long wheelbase (Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (T100 '93-'94) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, 4-cyl. (T100 '95) |- |1 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '84-'85) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |2 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '86-'89) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in. for 4x2, 121.9 in. for 4x4], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |4 |Panel van, 4-link rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 4wd '87-'89) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |5 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 5 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '86-'88) |- |6 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |7 |Van (Cargo Van '84-'85) |- |7 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |8 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |8 |Panel van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 2wd '86-'89) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is R) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbo gas engine (Pickup '85-'86) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is L) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |9 |Glass van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Window Van '86-'89) |} IFS= Independent Front Suspension ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Application !Restraint System |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '81-'89, MR2 '85-'89) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Sport Coupe '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback (Corolla Sport '84-'86 & in Canada '87) |Manual Belts |- |C |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR coupe (Tercel '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'89, Corona '81-'82, Camry '83-'86) |Manual Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '89) |Manual Belts |- |G |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd <br>(Starlet '81-'84, Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Tercel '83-'89, Tercel EZ '89 [some],<br> Corolla FX/FX16 '87-'88) |Manual Belts |- |H |5DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Camry '83-'86, Tercel '83-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] (MR2 '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '81-'89, Celica Supra '81-'86, Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Liftback '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |L |5DR hatchback 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '88) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR hardtop (Corolla [Sports] Hardtop '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR coupe (Corolla Sport '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Tercel '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83, '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 4wd (Tercel '83-'88) |Manual Belts |- |Z |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Tercel EZ '88 [all], '89 [some]) |Manual Belts |- |A |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '90-'92, Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |B |2DR sedan (Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Cressida '81-'92, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |F |2DR coupe (Tercel '90, Paseo '92) |Automatic Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90) |Automatic Belts |- |J |4DR sedan 4wd (Camry All-Trac '88-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |J |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '90-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |K |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |M |3DR liftback (Tercel '90) |Automatic Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Cressida '81-'87, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |S |2DR sedan (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |T |4DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |U |2DR coupe (Paseo '93-'95) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |C |2DR coupe (Lexus SC300/SC400 '92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '90-'92, Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |P |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES250 '90-'91, ES300 '92-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |B |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Lexus SC300/SC400 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '93-'95, GS300 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95, Avalon '95, Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES300 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |} '''Incomplete Passenger Cars - Body Type & Brake System''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type & Application !Brake System |- |K |2DR convertible (Celica '84-'85, '87-'89, '91-'93, '95) |Hydraulic Brakes |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !VIN Code !Description |- |C |Hardtop [2DR] ('81-'83 Land Cruiser 40 Series) |- |G |Wagon [4DR] ('81-'90 Land Cruiser 60 Series) |- |J |2DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'91 4Runner) |- |R |4DR Wagon 2WD ('91-'95 Previa) |- |S |4DR Wagon 4WD ('91-'95 Previa All-Trac) |- |V |Van ('84-'85 Van) |- |V |4DR Wagon 2WD ('90-'95 4Runner) |- |W |Wagon ('84-'89 4Runner, '86-'89 Van) |- |W |4DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'95 4Runner, '91-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |} ===Series (Grade) & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America) |+'''All have hydraulic brakes.''' !VIN Code !Description |- |A |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('88, '90-'95), T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('93), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('94) |- |B |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] Turbo ('86-'87), T100 [base model] One Ton ('93), T100 DX One Ton ('94), Tacoma [base model] 2.4L 2wd ('95) |- |C |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] V6 ('88), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('93-'94), Tacoma [base model] 2.7L 4wd ('95) |- |D |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/carbureted gas engine ('84-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/diesel engine ('84-'85),<br> Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('91-'95), 4Runner - truck version [base model] ('84-'86), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe ('87-'89),<br> T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton 4-cyl. ('94-'95) |- |E |Pickup 3/4 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('85-'88), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |F |Tacoma V6 [base model] ('95), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |G |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 Turbo ('85-'88), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('89-'95), T100 DX One Ton ('95) |- |H |T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('95) |- |K |Tacoma SR5 V6 ('95) |- |M |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('88), 4Runner - truck version SR5 V6 ('88) |- |N |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('88), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [V6] ('89-'92), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe V6 ('89) |- |P |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe 4-cyl. ('91-'95) |- |R |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'90), Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84),<br> Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85-'90) |- |S |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 2wd w/fuel injected engine ('84), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 4wd w/carbureted engine ('84),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), 4Runner - truck version SR5 [4-cyl.] ('87-'88) |- |T |Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'93) |- |U |Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'88) |- |V |Van [Cargo van version] ('84-'89), Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - truck version ('87) |- |} ==VIN positions== ===Country of origin=== Position 1 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |1 |USA |- |2 |Canada |- |3 |Mexico |- |4 |USA |- |5 |USA |- |6 |Australia |- |7 (7A-7E) |New Zealand |- |7 (7F-70) |USA |- |8 (8A-8E) |Argentina |- |9 (9A-9E, 93-99) |Brazil |- |A (AA-AH) |South Africa |- |J |Japan |- |K |South Korea |- |L |China |- |M (MA-ME, MY-M0) |India |- |M (MF-MK) |Indonesia |- |M (ML-MR) |Thailand |- |N (NL-NR) |Turkey |- |P (PA-PE) |Philippines |- |P (PL-PR) |Malaysia |- |R (RF-RK) |Taiwan |- |R (RL-RP) |Vietnam |- |S (SA-SM) |United Kingdom |- |T (TW-T2) |Portugal |- |V (VF-VR) |France |- |W |Germany |- |X (XS-XW, XZ-X0) |Russia |- |Y (YA-YE) |Belgium |} Second letter or number in parentheses is from position 2 of VIN. The characters in parentheses represent the range assigned to that particular country. ===Manufacturer (Japan/North America)=== Position 2 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |F |Fuji Heavy Industries LTD |- |G |GM |- |M |Mazda (Mexico) |- |M |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |- |N |NUMMI (Toyota car) |- |T |NUMMI (Toyota truck) |- |T |Toyota |- |Y |Toyota (Mississippi, USA) |- |8 |Toyota (Lexus - Kentucky, USA) |} ===Vehicle Type=== {{center|Position 3-Japan built models}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |D,K,N,X,1,2,7 |Passenger Car |- |A,B,F,4 |Truck |- |G |Bus |- |E,L,M,3 |Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) |- |5 |Incomplete Vehicle (typically a convertible) |} ===Body=== {{center|Position 4 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world, may be incorrect for most recent ones)}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD / Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Celica, Supra) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD (Corolla, Camry) / MPV, Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris) / 5DR Van AWD / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |K |5DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris, Prius) / 5DR Wagon 2WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |L |5DR Wagon 4WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |M |5DR Door Van 2WD / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |N |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 2WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |P |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 4WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |R |Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |S |3DR Liftback 4WD |- |T |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 2WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |U |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |W |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame TRD |- |X |5DR Sport Utility Wagon |- |Y |Sport Van |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD |} ===Engine=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 4 (before 1996 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |3A-C 1.5L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla Tercel, '83-'86 Tercel, '87-'88 Tercel wagon) |- |A |4A-C 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('83 Corolla, '84-'87 Corolla Sport DX, SR5) |- |A |4A-LC 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('84-'87 Corolla, '87-'88 Corolla FX) |- |A |4A-GEC 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'87 Corolla Sport GT-S) |- |A |4A-GE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'91 Corolla GT-S) |- |A |4A-F 1.6L DOHC, 16V carb. I4 ('88-'89 Corolla) |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 ('88-'95 Corolla, '90-'93 Celica ST) |- |A |4A-GELC 1.6L DOHC, 16V I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'89 MR2, '87-'88 Corolla FX16) |- |A |4A-GZE 1.6L DOHC, 16V Supercharged, IC I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'89 MR2 Supercharged) |- |A |7A-FE 1.8L DOHC, 16V I4 ('93-'95 Corolla, '94-'95 Celica ST) |- |A |2TZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('91-'95 Previa) |- |A |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('94-'95 Previa S/C) |- |C |1C-LC 1.8L diesel indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Corolla) |- |C |1C-TLC 1.8L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Camry) |- |C |2C-TLC 2.0L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('86 Camry) |- |D |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('93-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |E |3E 1.5L SOHC, 12V carb. I4 ('87-'90 Tercel) |- |E |3E-E 1.5L SOHC, 12V EFI I4 ('90-'94 Tercel) |- |E |5E-FE 1.5L DOHC, 16V I4 ('95 Tercel, '92-'95 Paseo) |- |F |2F 4.2L 2-bbl. Carb. OHV I6 ('81-'87 Land Cruiser) |- |F |3F-E 4.0L EFI OHV I6 ('88-'92 Land Cruiser) |- |G |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('94-'95 Camry V6, Lexus ES300, '95 Avalon) |- |J |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('93-'95 Supra, '93-'95 Lexus GS300, '92-'95 SC300) |- |J |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('93-'95 Supra Turbo) |- |K |4K-C 1.3L Carb. OHV I4 ('81-'82 Starlet) |- |K |4K-E 1.3L EFI OHV I4 ('83-'84 Starlet) |- |L |L 2.2L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('81-'83 Pickup) |- |L |2L 2.4L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Pickup) |- |L |2L-T 2.4L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('85 Pickup) |- |M |5M-E 2.8L SOHC, 12V I6 ('81 Celica Supra, '81-'82 Cressida) |- |M |5M-GE 2.8L DOHC, 12V I6 ('82-'86 Celica Supra, '83-'88 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GE 3.0L DOHC, 24V I6 ('86 1/2-'92 Supra, '89-'92 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GTE 3.0L DOHC, 24V turbo IC I6 ('87-'92 Supra Turbo) |- |R |22R 2.4L 2-bbl SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Celica, Corona, '81-'90 Pickup, '84 4Runner) |- |R |22R-E/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('83-'85 Celica, '84-'95 Pickup, '85-'95 4Runner) |- |R |22R-TE/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI Turbo I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('85-'88 Pickup, '86-'87 4Runner) |- |S |2S-ELC 2.0L I4 ('83-'86 Camry, '86 Celica ST/GT) |- |S |3S-GELC 2.0L I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('86-'89 Celica GT-S) |- |S |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('87-'89 Celica ST/GT, '87-'91 Camry) |- |S |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('90-'93 Celica GT/GT-S, '94-'95 Celica GT, '91-'95 MR2, '92-'95 Camry) |- |S |3S-GTE 2.0L Turbo, IC I4 ('88, '90-'93 Celica All-Trac Turbo, '91-'95 MR2 Turbo) |- |T |3T-C 1.8L OHV Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla) |- |U |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('90-'95 LS400, '92-'95 SC400) |- |U |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('95 Tacoma) |- |U |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('94-'95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |V |2VZ-FE 2.5L DOHC, 24V V6 ('88-'91 Camry V6, '90-'91 Lexus ES250) |- |V |3VZ-E 3.0L SOHC, 12V V6 ('88-'95 4Runner, Pickup, '93-'94 T100) |- |V |3VZ-FE 3.0L DOHC, 24V V6 ('92-'93 Camry V6, Lexus ES300) |- |V |5VZ-FE 3.4L DOHC, 24V V6 ('95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |Y |3Y-EC 2.0L EFI OHV I4 ('84-'85 Van) |- |Y |4Y-EC 2.2L EFI OHV I4 ('86-'89 Van) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla) |- |A |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330, '04-'08 Camry Solara) |- |A |2ZR-FXE + 1NM (Prius 2wd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('16 Prius) |- |B |7A-FE 1.8L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla, Celica ST) |- |B |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('04-'09 Prius) |- |B |2AZ-FXE + 2JM 2.4L Atkinson cycle I4 Hybrid ('07-'09 Camry Hybrid) |- |C |5E-FE 1.5L I4 ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada Tercel, '96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada Paseo) |- |C |2GR-FSE + 1KM 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 Hybrid ('07-'09 Lexus GS450h) |- |D |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('96-'98 Supra, '96-'05 Lexus GS300, '96-'00 SC300, '01-'05 IS300) |- |D |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('01-'07 Highlander, '04-'08 RAV4) |- |E |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('96-'98 Supra Turbo) |- |E |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('02-'09 Camry, '02-'08 Camry Solara, '05-'09 Scion tC, '08-'09 Scion xB, '09 Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS) |- |E |2GR-FSE 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 ('06-'09 IS350, '07-'09 Lexus GS350) |- |E |1AR-FE 2.7L I4 ('09 Venza, Highlander) |- |F |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('96-'04 Camry V6, '96-'04 Avalon, '96-'03 Lexus ES300, '98-'03 Sienna, '99-'03 Camry Solara, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '01-'03 Highlander) |- |F |2AR-FE 2.5L I4 ('09 RAV4) |- |G |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('96-'99 Celica GT, '96-'01 Camry, '99-'01 Camry Solara) |- |H |1AZ-FE 2.0L I4 ('01-'03 RAV4) |- |H |3GR-FSE 3.0L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06 Lexus GS300) |- |H |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('98-'00 GS400, '96-'00 LS400, '96-'00 SC400) |- |J |1NR-FE 1.3L I4 ('12-'15 Scion iQ) |- |J |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('96-'97 Land Cruiser, '96-'97 LX450) |- |J |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('07-'09 Lexus ES350) |- |K |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('96-'97 Previa S/C) |- |K |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('01-'03 Prius) |- |K |4GR-FSE 2.5L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06-'09 IS250) |- |K |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('05-'09 Avalon, '06-'09 RAV4, '07-'09 Camry V6, Sienna, Lexus RX350, '09 Venza) |- |L |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('96-'04 Tacoma) |- |L |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('01-'05 GS430) |- |L |1UR-FSE 4.6L VVT-iE V8 ('08-'09 GS460, '07-'09 LS460) |- |L |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For Japanese-built '09 Corolla) |- |M |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('96-'98 T100, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'00 4Runner) |- |N |5S-FNE (CNG 2.2L I4) ('00-'01 Camry) |- |N |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('06-'07 GS430, '01-'06 LS430, '02-'09 SC430) |- |N |5VZ-FE 3.4L V6 ('96-'02 4Runner, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'98 T100, '00-'04 Tundra) |- |N |2ZR-FXE Hybrid 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('10-'15 Prius) |- |P |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('96-'00 RAV4) |- |P |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'07 Highlander) |- |P |2UR-GSE 5.0L V8 ('08-'09 Lexus IS F) |- |R |1ZZ-FE 1.8L VVT-i I4 ('98-'08 Corolla, '00-'05 Celica GT, '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '03-'08 Matrix) |- |S |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('08-'09 Highlander) |- |T |1NZ-FE 1.5L I4 ('00-'05 Echo, '04-'06 Scion xA, xB, '07-'09 Yaris) |- |T |2UZ-FE 4.7L V8 ('98-'07 Land Cruiser, '00-'09 Tundra, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 4Runner, '03-'09 Lexus GX470, '98-'07 LX470) |- |U |1GR-FE 4.0L VVT-i V6 ('03-'09 4Runner, '05-'09 Tacoma, '05-'09 Tundra, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser) |- |U |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For US- & Canadian-built '09 Corolla, Matrix but also for '08-'09 Scion XD) |- |U |2UR-FSE + 1KM 5.0L VVT-iE D4S V8 Hybrid ('08-'09 LS600hL) |- |V |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('07-'09 Tundra) |- |W |3MZ-FE + 1JM, 2FM 3.3L V6 Hybrid ('06-'09 Highlander Hybrid, '06-'08 RX400h) |- |W |3UR-FBE 5.7L Dual VVT-i Flex-Fuel V8 Gas/E85 ('09 Tundra) |- |X |2TR-FE 2.7L I4 ('05-'09 Tacoma) |- |Y |2ZZ-GE 1.8L VVTL-i I4 ('00-'05 Celica GT-S, '03-'06 Matrix XRS, '05-'06 Corolla XRS) |- |Y |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('08-'09 Land Cruiser, Sequoia, '08-'09 LX570) |- |Z |2GR-FKS 3.5L V6 '15+ |- |9 |2ZR-FXE + 1NM + 1MM (Prius Awd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid |- | |- | |- |L |Electric M7M5 -- RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |S |Electric 1BM -- RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Non-North American Engines |+Position 5 (2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |2AD-FTV (2005+) |- |B |1HZ, 1HD |- |B |2AD-FHV (2005+) |- |C |2C, 2CT, 2CT-E |- |J |1AZ-FSE |- |L |2SZ-FE |- |P |2AZ-FSE |- |V |1VD-FTV |- |W |1CD-FTV |- |W |2NZ-FE |- |Z |1ZZ-FE |- |Z |3ZZ-FE |} ===Series=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) Based on the Chassis code given for the car. !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser J1'''0'''0/J1'''0'''5 |- |2 |Toyota Land Cruiser Prado J1'''2'''0 |- |} ===Restraint=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Manual Belt / 1 STD (North America), No Airbags (International) |- |2 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 1 Airbag (Driver Seat) (International) |- |3 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 2 Front Airbags (International) |- |6 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |7 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |8 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Airbags |- |9 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Front Curtain Airbags. |- |D |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Three-Row Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |} ===Model/Platform=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 / MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra / Tundra |- |3 |Echo / Yaris Verso |- |4 |Yaris / Scion xA / Scion xB / Scion xD / Urban Cruiser |- |6 |Hilux |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Highlander / Sequoia / Celica RWD / Supra |- |B |Avalon / Avensis Verso / Ipsum? |- |C |Sienna / Previa / Aygo |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix / Auris |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |G |Hilux / Fortuner |- |H |Highlander |- |J |Land Cruiser / Land Cruiser Prado |- |K |Camry / Aurion (TRD) |- |L |Tercel / Paseo / Avensis |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma and older trucks as well |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner / Corolla Verso |- |S |Fortuner |- |T |Celica FWD |- |U |Prius |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |MR2 (non-spyder models) |- |X |Cressida |- |} === '''Check-digit''' <ref>https://vincheck.info/free-vin-decoder/free-toyota-vin-decoder</ref> === {{center|Position 9 (Check-digit that identifies the VIN as being authorized by the manufacturer).}} === Model year === {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;width:30em;" |+Position 10 (International-market vehicles may have a 0 in this position) ! Code ! Year |- |L |1990 |- |M |1991 |- |N |1992 |- |P |1993 |- |R |1994 |- |S |1995 |- |T |1996 |- |V |1997 |- |W |1998 |- |X |1999 |- |Y |2000 |- |1 |2001 |- |2 |2002 |- |3 |2003 |- |4 |2004 |- |5 |2005 |- |6 |2006 |- |7 |2007 |- |8 |2008 |- |9 |2009 |- |A |2010 |- |B |2011 |- |C |2012 |- |D |2013 |- |E |2014 |- |F |2015 |- |G |2016 |- |H |2017 |- |J |2018 |- |K |2019 |- |L |2020 |- |M |2021 |- |N |2022 |- |P |2023 |- |R |2024 |- |S |2025 |} ===Plant=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 11 !VIN Code !Description |- |0-9 (All numeric) |Japan |- |7 |Lordstown, OH, US (GM plant) (Toyota Cavalier) |- |A |Motomachi plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |A |Onnaing-Valenciennes, France ([[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing France|TMMF]]) (Yaris hatch - US: '14-'18, Canada: '14-'19) |- |C |Cambridge, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |D |Nagakusa plant, Obu, Aichi pref., Japan (Toyota Industries plant) |- |E |Burnaston, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom (TMMUK) (US/Canada: GR Corolla '26-) |- |G |Gliwice, Poland (Opel/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max EV) |- |J |Takaoka plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |J |Vigo, Spain (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce City) |- |K |Hamura, Tokyo pref., Japan (Hino Motors plant) |- |L |Miyagi plant, Ohira, Miyagi pref., Japan (Central Motor Co./Toyota Motor East Japan plant) |- |M |Tijuana, Baja CA, Mexico (TMMBC) |- |M |Atessa, Italy (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max diesel) |- |N |Kolín, Czech Republic ([[w:Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech|TPCA/TMMCZ]]) |- |P |Blue Springs, MS, US (TMMMS) |- |R |Lafayette, IN, US (Subaru of Indiana Automotive) (Camry '07-'16) |- |R |Adapazari, Sakarya province, Turkey (TMMT) (US/Canada: C-HR '18-'22) |- |S |Princeton, IN, US (TMMI) |- |T |Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato, Mexico (TMMGT) |- |U |Georgetown, KY, US (TMMK) |- |V |Huntsville, AL, US (MTM USA) (Corolla Cross '22-, Corolla Cross Hybrid '23-) |- |W |Woodstock, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |W |Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (Toyota GR Supra '20-'26) |- |X |San Antonio, TX, US (TMMTX) |- |X |Altona, Victoria, Australia (Toyota Australia) (closed Oct. 3, 2017) |- |Y |Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico (Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation) <br> (Scion iA '16, Yaris iA '17-'18, Yaris sedan '19-'20, Yaris hatch '20) |- |Y |Yajima Plant, Ota, Gunma pref., Japan (Subaru plant) (Toyota bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Trailseeker '26-) |- |Z |Fremont, CA, US (NUMMI) (1987-1988 Toyota Corolla FX/FX16 3-d, 1989-2010 Corolla sedan, 1992-1995 Toyota Pickup, 1995-2010 Tacoma, Toyota Voltz [For export to Japan: '02-'04]) |- |Z |Lieu-Saint-Amand, France (Sevel Nord - PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce) |- |} '''Japanese Plants''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Plant owner/operator !Name & Location of plant !Vehicles produced !VIN Code used<br> (Pos. 11) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('85-'86) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'90) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'89) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('91-'95), Paseo ('92-'99), Echo ('00-'05),<br> Scion xA ('04-'06), xB ('04) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('96-'99) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xD ('08-'10), Scion iQ ('12-'15),<br> Scion iQ EV ('13), Scion xB ('12-'15) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'12), Scion xB ('08-'12),<br> Scion xD ('10-'14), Prius C ('12-'19), C-HR ('18-'22) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'11) |4 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('07-'11) |5-8 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Miyagi plant. Ohira, Miyagi prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('11-'12) |L |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('12-'14) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05) |0-3 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05-'06) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla [fwd 4-d/5-d] ('84-'87) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla Sport [rwd 2-d/3-d coupe] ('84-'87) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('88-'90), Corolla coupe ('91),<br> Corolla sedan & 2wd wagon ('91-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla All-Trac 4wd wagon ('91-'92) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('93-'96) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'08) |0-1 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'06) [No '06 found in US] |2-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09) |2, J |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla sedan ('10-'11, '13, '20-'25), Scion iM ('16), Corolla iM ('17-'18) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09-'12) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan ('22-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |7-8 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88) |0-9 (All-Trac Turbo) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('90-'99) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Celica ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica Supra ('85-'86), Supra ('86 1/2-'92) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |0-6 (ST, GT),<br> 0-3 (GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |0-3 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('05-'10) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('85-'87), Camry V6 ('88-'91),<br> Camry 4-cyl. All-Trac 4wd ('89-'91),<br> Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. 2wd ('88-'91) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('92-'93), Camry 4-cyl. ('94), Camry ('95-'96), <br> Lexus ES300 ('92-'93, '95-'96) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('94), Lexus ES300 ('94) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('97), Camry 4-cyl. ('98-'01), Lexus ES300 ('97) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('03-'06) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('98-'06), Lexus ES300 ('98-'03), <br> ES330 ('04-'05) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('98-'01) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('02) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('03) |5-6 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES330 ('04-'06), Camry SE V6 [3.3L] ('05) |5-6 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |5 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('07-'11, '18-'19), Scion tC ('11-'15),<br> Crown ('23-'26), Crown Signia ('25-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('15-'16) |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES350 ('07-'21), ES300h ('13-'20),<br> ES350h, ES350e, ES500e ('26-),<br> HS250h ('10-'12), CT200h ('11-'17), UX200 ('19-'22),<br> UX250h ('19-'24), UX300h ('25-'26) |2 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250 ('06-'15), IS200t ('16-'17),<br> IS300 RWD ('18-'25), IS300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> IS350 ('06-'26), IS F ('08-'14),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> RC350 ('15-'25), RC F ('15-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250, IS350 ('06-'13), IS250C/IS350C ('10-'15) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LS400 ('90-'00), LS430 ('01-'05),<br> GS300 ('93-'05), GS400 ('98-'00), GS430 ('01-'05), <br> GS300 Awd ('06), GS350 ('07-'11) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06), GS430 ('06-'07),<br> GS460 ('08-'11), GS450h ('07-'11, '13-'14),<br> GS350 ('13-'14), LS430 ('06), LS460 ('07-'17),<br> LS600hL ('08-'16), LS500 ('18-'26), LS500h ('18-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19),<br> GS350 ('15-'20), GS450h ('15-'18), GS F ('16-'20),<br> LC500 ('18-'26), LC500h ('18-'25), Mirai ('16-'26),<br> Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25), bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra ('23-'26),<br> Lexus RZ450e ('23-'26), RZ300e ('24-'25), RZ350e ('26-),<br> RZ550e ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida sedan ('85-'88), Cressida wagon ('85-'87) |0-5 (sedan),<br> 0-9 (wagon) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('89) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('90-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra ('93-'96), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('92-'96) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra, Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97) |0 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Supra ('97-'98), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97-'00) |1-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('02-'05) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('06-'10) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LFA ('12) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95), MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('01-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius w/pos. 14-17 of VIN from 1001-2000 ('01) |0 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('04-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09, '16-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'15) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15, '25-'26), Prius Prime ('17-'24) |3 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09) |7 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'13) [No '14 found in US] |4-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('12-'14) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('14-'17 & '18 in Canada) |J |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('84-'86) |5-9 (psgr. van),<br> 0-9 (cargo van) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('87-'89) |5-9 (2wd),<br> 0-9 (4wd) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Previa ('91-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('96), RAV4 2-d ('96-'98, '00),<br> RAV4 4wd ('99), RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd gen.] ('01) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'06) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('07-'14) |5 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'08) |6-9 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('09) |6 (until 7/31/08),<br> D (from 8/1/08) |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('10-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'26),<br> RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('14-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('19-'26), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-), Venza ('21-'24), C-HR EV '26-, bZ '26-, Subaru Uncharted '26-, Solterra '26- |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09),<br> RX400h ('06), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander Hybrid ('06-'07) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX400h ('07-'08), RX350 ('10-'19, '21-'26),<br> RX350L ('18-'22), RX450h ('10-'15), RX450hL ('18-'22),<br> RX450h+ ('24-'26), NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21),<br> NX300h ('15-'21), NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26),<br> NX350h ('22-'26), NX450h+ ('22-'26),<br> Highlander ('08-'10), Highlander Hybrid ('08-'13) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21), NX300h ('20-'21),<br> NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26), NX350h ('22-'26) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('84-'85) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('89) |0-3 (4-cyl.),<br> 0-4 (V6) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('90-'95) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('90-'94) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('95) |0-4, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('90) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('91-'92) |0-6, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('93-'94) |0-5, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('95) |0-4, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('96-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('98-'02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |0-8 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'08) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'07) |8-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('08-'09) |8-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('07) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('08-'09) |0-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. (Hamura plant transferred to Toyota Motor Hamura, Inc. on April 1, 2026) |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Land Cruiser ('24-'26) |K |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('10-'21, '25-'26), Land Cruiser ('24-'26),<br> Lexus GX460 ('10-'23), GX550 ('24-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('22-'24) |5, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('84-'86, '88-'89) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('90-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'00) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('01-'07) |2-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('01-'06) |3-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('07) |4 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Yoshiwara plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13-'21),<br> Lexus LX570 ('08-'11, '13-'21), LX600 ('22-'26),<br> LX700h ('25-'26) |4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13) [No '14-'20 found in US] |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup ('84-'85), <br> Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |5-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab ('84-'85), Pickup/Chassis Cab w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('87-'88) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |8-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 or RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89) |7-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('90-'93) |7-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |6-7 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-1, 6-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |2-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab w/VN94 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |T100 ('93-'98) |0-9 |- |} ==Toyota WMIs== There are partial list of WMIs which are used by Toyota as well as the broader Toyota Group, including all divisions and subsidiaries: Japan: * JTD - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTK - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTN - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTX - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JT1 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (European market) * JT2 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (North American market) * JT7 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (Asia-Pacific market) * JTA - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTB - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTF - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JT4 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTG - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Bus * JTE - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JTL - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JTM - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT3 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JT5 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Incomplete Vehicle (Celica convertible, Paseo convertible, Chassis Cab pickup trucks) * JTH - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JTJ - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT6 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT8 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JAL - Isuzu Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle (S-Series) * JDA - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD1 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD2 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JD4 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Truck * JF1 - Subaru Corp., Toyota Passenger Car (86/GR86/Scion FR-S) * JHA - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHB - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JHC - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHD - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHE - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHH - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JH6 - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle North America: * 1NX - NUMMI, Toyota Passenger Car ('87-'10) * 2AY - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 2AZ - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Truck * 2T1 - TMMC, Toyota Passenger Car * 2T2 - TMMC, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 2T3 - TMMC, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 3MY - Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation, Toyota Passenger Car ('16-'20) * 3TM - TMMBC, Toyota Truck * 3TY - TMMGT, Toyota Truck * 4G3 - GM Lordstown Assembly, Toyota Passenger Car (Cavalier) ('96-'00) * 4T1 - TMMK, Toyota Passenger Car * 4T3 - TMMK, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV) * 4T4 - Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Toyota Passenger Car ('07-'16) * 4TA - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('92-'00) * 5PV - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 5TB - TMMI, Toyota Truck * 5TD - TMMI, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV), Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 5TE - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('00-'10) * 5TF - TMMTX, Toyota Truck * 5YF - TMMMS, Toyota Passenger Car * 58A - TMMK, Lexus Passenger Car * 7H4 - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Truck * 7MU - Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 7SV - TMMTX, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) Other countries: * AHH - Hino South Africa, Hino vehicles * AHT - Toyota South Africa, Toyota vehicles * LFM - FAW Toyota (China), Toyota and Ranz vehicles * LVG - GAC Toyota (China), Toyota vehicles * MBJ - Toyota Kirloskar Motor (India), Toyota vehicles * MHF - PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia, Toyota vehicles * MHK - PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (Indonesia), Daihatsu and Toyota vehicles * MJE - PT Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia, Hino vehicles * MMK - Toyota Auto Works Co., Ltd. (Thailand), Toyota vehicles * MNK - Hino Motors Manufacturing Thailand, Hino Vehicles * MR0 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Ban Pho and Samrong plants, Toyota vehicles * MR1 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Samrong plant (Fortuner), Toyota vehicles * MR2 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Gateway plant, Toyota vehicles * NMT - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey (TMMT), Toyota vehicles * PN1 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * PN2 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * RKL - Kuozui Motors (Taiwan), Toyota vehicles * RL4 - Toyota Motor Vietnam, Toyota vehicles * SB1 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK (TMMUK), Toyota vehicles * TW1 - Toyota Caetano Portugal, Toyota vehicles * VNK - Toyota Motor Manufacturing France (TMMF), Toyota vehicles * WZ1 - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra) * XW7 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia (TMMR), Toyota vehicles * YAR - PSA/Stellantis, Toyota Van (ProAce, ProAce City, & ProAce Max) * YBC - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra - some European-market models) * 6T1 - Toyota Australia, Toyota Passenger Car * 7A4 - Toyota New Zealand, Toyota vehicles * 8AJ - Toyota Argentina, Toyota vehicles * 9BR - Toyota Brazil, Toyota vehicles {| class="wikitable" |+ !Plant Abbreviation !Plant Name !Notes |- |MTMUSA |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |Joint venture between Toyota and Mazda |- |NUMMI |New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. |Joint venture between GM and Toyota |- |TMMBC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Baja California | |- |TMMC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada | |- |TMMGT |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Guanajuato | |- |TMMI |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana | |- |TMMK |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky | |- |TMMMS |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi | |- |TMMTX |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas | |} == External links == Online [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Toyota Toyota VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:RT43-157714}} <references />Online [https://epicvin.com/vin-decoder/toyota Toyota Vin Lookup] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Car model, Toyota Vehicles- VinCheckUp |url=https://www.vincheckup.com/cars/toyota |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.vincheckup.com}}</ref> hilopd80pej8egn8vb4wqxh6s3c218q 4673541 4673540 2026-10-01T20:22:44Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Plant */ 4673541 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- --> {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} For Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA, '19-'20 Toyota Yaris sedan, & '20 Toyota Yaris hatchback, see the Mazda VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Mazda/VIN Codes]]. For Scion FR-S/Toyota 86/Toyota GR86, see the Subaru VIN page: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Subaru/VIN Codes]]. ==VIN Format 2010-== Toyota has used the following VIN format since 2010 for North America: {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade]] |- |4 |K |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 2010-|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series|Series]] |- |7 |E |[[#Series & Drive Wheels|Series & Drive Wheels]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line & Make|Vehicle Line & Make]] |- |8 |A ||[[#Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style|Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Yaris ['10-'12], Corolla ['10-'19], Camry ['10-'19], Avalon ['10-'19], Mirai ['16-'20], Lexus HS ['10-'12], ES ['10-'19], IS ['10-'19],<br> GS ['10-'11, '13-'19], GS F ['16-'20], LS ['10-'19]) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus IS250 AWD '10-'15, IS300 AWD '16-'19, IS350 AWD '11-'19, GS350 AWD '10-'11, '13-'19, LS460 AWD '10-'17, LS500 AWD '18-'19, LS500h AWD '18-'19) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Scion tC '10) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD (Lexus LS460L AWD '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'16) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD (Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C/IS350C '10-'15) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD (Lexus LS460L '10-'17) |- |H |2DR Coupe 2WD (Lexus LFA '12, RC200t '16-'17, RC300 RWD '18-'19, RC350 '15-'19, RC F '15-'19, LC500 '18-'19, LC500h '18-'19) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris 3-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Scion tC '11-'16, Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13) |- |K |5DR Liftback or Hatchback 2WD (Yaris 5-door '10-'18 & '19 in Canada, Lexus CT200h '11-'17, Prius C '12-'19, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Corolla Hatchback '19) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD (Prius '10-'22, Scion xD '10-'14, C-HR '18-'22) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension (Matrix Base model & S 2wd '10-'11, Matrix L & S 2wd '12-'13, Canada: Matrix '14) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD (Prius AWD-e '19-'22) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD w/IRS (Matrix S 4wd '10-'13) |- |M |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS (Matrix XRS - US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) |- |S |2DR Coupe 4WD (Lexus RC300 AWD '16-'19, RC350 AWD '15-'19) |- |U |5DR Wagon 4WD (Lexus UX250h '19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus UX200 '19) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Prius V 2012-2017 & 2018 in Canada) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |4DR Sedan (Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26) |- |A |5DR Hatchback (GR Corolla '23-'26, Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24, Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26) |- |A |Wagon (Crown Signia '25-'26) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES '26-) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Camry '25-'26) |- |Y |Wagon (Lexus UX300h 2wd '25-'26) |- |U |Wagon (Lexus UX300h Awd '25-'26) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'19, NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19,<br> NX300h '15-'19) |- |C |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '16-'21) |- |D |5DR Wagon extended length 4WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19, RX450hL '18-'19) |- |G |5DR Wagon extended length 2WD w/3rd row seat (Lexus RX350L '18-'19) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD (Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'15, Lexus LX570 '10-'11, '13-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'19, NX300h '15-'16) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Scion xB '10-'15, Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada, FJ Cruiser '10-'14, 4Runner '10-'20, Lexus RX350 '10-'19, RX450h '10-'16) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |A |5DR Wagon (Toyota Venza '21-'24, Sequoia '23-'26, bZ4X '23-'25, Grand Highlander '24-'26, Land Cruiser '24-'26, C-HR EV '26-, Subaru Solterra '23-'25, Uncharted '26-, Lexus RZ450e '23-'25, RZ300e '24-'25, TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26, TX550h+ '24-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Toyota bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Solterra '26-, Trailseeker '26-, Lexus RZ450e '26-, RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26-) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Canadian-built Lexus RX350 [2wd/Awd] '23-'26, RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Japanese-built Lexus RX350 [2wd] '23-'26, RX450h+ '24-'26) |- |V |5DR Wagon (4Runner '25-'26) |- |6 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Hybrid '26-) |- |7 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid '26-) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |J |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('10-'15) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('10-'15) |- | |'''Body Type''' |- |J |Tacoma XtraCab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |K |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class D GVWR] |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab ('24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Grade=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2020- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |D |4DR Sedan (Corolla L '20-'22) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '20-'22, LE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |V |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Convenience Package '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE w/Premium Package '20-'22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Corolla XLE '20-'22) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Corolla LE '23-'26, SE Nightshade '24, FX Edition '25, LE Hybrid '23-'26, XLE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Hybrid '23-'26, SE Nightshade Hybrid '24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/man. trans. '20-'22, SE Apex Edition w/man. trans. '21-'22) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, SE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |P |4DR Sedan (Corolla SE w/auto. trans. & Premium Package '20-'26) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Corolla XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'26, XSE Apex Edition w/auto. trans. '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback SE w/auto. trans. '20-'27, FX Edition '26) |- |A |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/man. trans. '20-'22) |- |C |5DR Liftback (Corolla Hatchback XSE w/auto. trans. '20-'27) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Camry L '20) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Camry LE '20-'24) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |R |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Camry LE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Camry XLE '20-'24) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Camry SE '20-'24) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Audio Upgrade Pkg. & Blind-Spot Monitoring '20) |- |T |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. '21-'24) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Camry SE w/Convenience Pkg. & Audio Upgrade Pkg. '21-'24) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Camry TRD '20) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Camry XSE '20-'24, Camry TRD '21-'24) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE '20-'22, XLE Hybrid '20-'22) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE [decontent package] '20-'22, XLE Hybrid [decontent package] '20-'22) |- |L |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD '21) |- |K |4DR Sedan (Avalon XLE AWD [decontent package] '21) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Avalon XSE '20, XSE Nightshade '21, XSE Hybrid '20-'21, XSE Nightshade Hybrid '22) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Avalon TRD '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring '20-'22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Avalon Touring w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited '20-'22, Limited Hybrid '20-'22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22, Limited Hybrid w/Advanced Safety Package '20-'22) |- |M |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD '21) |- |N |4DR Sedan (Avalon Limited AWD w/Advanced Safety Package '21) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model], ES300h [base model] '20-'25, ES250 AWD [base model] '21-'24) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 [base model w/Premium Package], ES300h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> ES250 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '21-'25, ES350, ES300h, ES250 AWD F Sport Design '23-'25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport '20-'22, ES250 AWD F Sport '21-'22, ES300h F Sport '22) |- |H |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport Black Line Special Edition '21) |- |J |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling package '22, ES350 F Sport Handling '23-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Luxury, ES300h Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Luxury '21-'24) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES350 Ultra Luxury, ES300h Ultra Luxury '20-'25, ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus ES250 AWD Ultra Luxury '22-'25, ES300h F Sport Handling '23-25) |- |A |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, IS300 AWD [base model] '20-'25, IS350 [base model] '20,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance [base model & Premium] '22-'25) |- |C |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Comfort Package] '21-'25 |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25, IS300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20, '22-'25,<br> IS350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 AWD [base model w/Luxury Package or Ultra-Luxury Package] Canada: '21) |- |B |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS300 AWD F Sport Design '24-'25, IS350 F Sport Design '23-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance Ultimate Edition '25) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS300 RWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS300 AWD F Sport '20, '24-'25 & in Canada only '21-'23, IS350 F Sport '20-'26) |- |S |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS350 F Sport w/Dynamic Handling Package '22) |- |U |4DR Sedan (Lexus IS500 F Sport Performance Launch Edition '22) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 AWD [base model] '20) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 RWD [base model], GS350 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus GS350 F Sport Black Line '20) |- |D |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model] '20-'25, LS500 Heritage Edition '26, LS500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |G |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'25, LS500 Inspiration Edition '20, LS500h [base model w/Luxury Package] '20-'21,<br> LS500h '22-'25) |- |E |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 [base model w/Executive Package] '20-'25, LS500h [base model w/Executive Package] '20) |- |F |4DR Sedan (Lexus LS500 F Sport '20-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model] '20-25, RC350 [base model] '20-'25, RC F [base model] '20-'24) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC300 AWD [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25,<br> RC350 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'25, RC F [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'24) |- |G |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC300 RWD F Sport '20-'25, RC300 AWD F Sport '20-'25, RC350 F Sport '20-'25) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F [base model w/Performance Package] '20, [base model w/Carbon Package] '21-'24) |- |Y |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Track Edition '20, RC F Fuji Speedway Edition '21-'22, RC F Track Edition '23-'24) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus RC F Final Edition '25) |- |D |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model] '20-'21, LC500h [base model] '20-'21) |- |E |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21, LC500h [base model w/Touring Package] '20-'21) |- |J |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26, LC500h [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'25) |- |A |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'26, LC500h [base model w/Sport Package] '20-'25) |- |B |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500 [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'26,<br> LC500h [base model w/Performance Package] '20, LC500h [base model w/Dynamic Handling Package] '21-'25) |- |C |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Inspiration Edition '20-'22, '24, '26) |- |L |2DR Coupe (Lexus LC500 Bespoke Build '22-'26, LC500h Bespoke Build '22-'25) |- |J |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model] '21) |- |K |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible [base model w/Touring Package] '21) |- |M |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 [base model or w/Touring Package] '22-'26) |- |G |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Inspiration Edition '21-'22, '24, '26) |- |N |2DR Convertible (Lexus LC500 convertible Bespoke Build - Canada only: '22-'23, US & Canada: '24-'26) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model] '20-'22, UX250h [base model] '20-'24) |- |P |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h [base model w/Premium Package] '20-'22, UX250h Premium '23-'24) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 Luxury '20-'22, UX250h Luxury '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport '20-'22, UX250h F Sport '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX250h F Sport Design '23-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (Lexus UX200 F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport w/Premium Package '20-'22, UX250h F Sport Handling '23-'24) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sienna [base model V6] '11-'12, Sienna L '13-'20) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 2-row] '10-'12, RAV4 LE '13-'18, Highlander [base model] '10-'13, Highlander SE '11-'13, Highlander Plus '13,<br> Highlander LE, LE Plus '14-'19, Sequoia SR5 '10-'20, Sequoia TRD Sport '18-'20, Sequoia TRD Pro '20, Lexus GX460 [base model] '10-'19) |- |W |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |R |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Sport 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 XLE '13-'18, RAV4 Adventure '18) |- |X |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '11-'20, SE Premium '15-'20) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 3-row '10-'12, Highlander Sport '10, Sienna SE '19-'20, SE Premium '19-'20) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20, Sienna CE, LE '10,<br> Sienna [base model I4] '11-'12, Sienna LE '11-'20) |- |N |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 SE '16-'18) |- |J |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 [base model, 3-row] '10-'12, RAV4 SE '16-'18, Highlander SE '10, '17-'19, Highlander XLE '14-'19, Sequoia Limited '10-'20,<br> Sienna LE '10-'20, Lexus GX460 Premium '10-'13, GX460 Luxury '14-'19) |- |Y |5DR Wagon 2WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19,<br> Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19, Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |D |5DR Wagon 4WD (RAV4 Limited 2-row '10-'12, RAV4 Limited '13-'18, RAV4 Platinum '17-'18, Highlander Limited '10-'19, Highlander Limited Platinum '14-'19,<br> Sequoia Platinum '10-'20, Sienna XLE, Limited '10-'20, XLE Premium, Limited Premium '15-'20) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD (Sienna CE [Canadian market] '10) |- | |'''Body Type & Grade''' |- |K |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE '21-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Sienna LE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE '21-'26) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sienna XLE Woodland Edition '23-'26, Sienna XSE 25th Anniversary Edition '23, Sienna XSE w/Premium Package '25) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE '21-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Sienna XSE w/Plus Package '21-'25) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Sienna Limited '21-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sienna Platinum '21-'26) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross L '22-'26) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE '22-'26) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross LE w/Moonroof Package '22-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross XLE w/Convenience Package '22-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Corolla Cross Hybrid S, SE, XSE '23-'26, Hybrid SE Nightshade '24-'25) |- |H |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd '19-'25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 2wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd '19-'25) |- |G |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |L |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |M |5DR Wagon (RAV4 LE Hybrid 4wd w/Blind Spot Monitor '19-'25) |- |W |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 2wd '19-'25) |- |P |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE 4wd '19-'25) |- |R |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |U |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Woodland Edition Hybrid 4wd '23-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 2wd '19-'25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium 4wd '19-'25) |- |B |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XLE Premium Hybrid 4wd '21-'25) |- |J |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Adventure 4wd '19-'24, RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '20) |- |S |5DR Wagon (RAV4 TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |T |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [US- & Canadian-built] |- |1 |5DR Wagon (RAV4 SE Hybrid 4wd '22-'25) [Japanese-built] |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 XSE Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 2wd '19-'25) |- |N |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited 4wd '19-'25) |- |D |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Limited Hybrid 4wd '19-'25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE 4wd '25) |- |A |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid SE w/Weather & Moonroof Package 4wd '25) |- |E |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE 4wd '25) |- |F |5DR Wagon (RAV4 Prime XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid XSE w/Premium Package 4wd '25) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Highlander L 2wd & Awd '20-'22) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE 2wd '20-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, Hybrid LE Awd '20-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, Hybrid XLE '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE w/Navigation, Hybrid XLE w/Navigation '20-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Bronze Edition '22-'23) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited, Hybrid Limited 2wd '20-'22) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Highlander Limited Awd '20-'22, Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'21) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '20-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid Platinum 2wd '20-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '20-'22) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE '21-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Highlander XSE w/Navigation & JBL Audio '21-'22) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander L, LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE 2wd & Awd '23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid LE Nightshade, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade 2wd & Awd '24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum 2wd & Awd, Hybrid XLE, Hybrid XLE Nightshade, Hybrid Limited 25th Anniversary Edition Awd '25) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Highlander XLE, XSE, Limited, Platinum Awd, Hybrid XLE Awd '26) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE 2wd '23-'24) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid LE Awd '23-'24) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited 2wd '23-'24) |- |X |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Limited Awd '23-'26) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum 2wd '23-'24) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Highlander Hybrid Platinum Awd '23-'26) |- |E |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 2wd '21-'24) |- |M |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 4wd '21-'24) |- |Z |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |B |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 2wd '22) |- |T |5DR Wagon (4Runner Trail Special Edition 4wd '22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 2wd '22-'24) |- |S |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Sport 4wd '22-'24) |- |F |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 2wd '21-'24) |- |N |5DR Wagon (4Runner SR5 Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |U |5DR Wagon (4Runner 40th Anniversary Special Edition 4wd '23) |- |P |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road 4wd '21-'24) |- |R |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Off-Road Premium 4wd '21-'24) |- |H |5DR Wagon (4Runner Venture Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |D |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 2wd '21-'24) |- |K |5DR Wagon (4Runner Limited 4wd '21-'24) |- |C |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 2wd '21) |- |J |5DR Wagon (4Runner Nightshade Special Edition 4wd '21) |- |L |5DR Wagon (4Runner TRD Pro 4wd '21-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Sequoia SR5 '21-'22) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Sport '21-'22) |- |F |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Limited '21-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Nightshade Special Edition '21-'22) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Sequoia Platinum '21-'22) |- |E |5DR Wagon (Sequoia TRD Pro '21-'22) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model] '20-'21, NX300h [base model] '20-'21, NX250 [base model] '22-'25, NX350 [base model] '22-'26,<br> NX350h [base model] '22-'26) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Comfort package] '20, NX300h [base model w/Comfort package] '20) |- |D |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21, NX300h [base model w/heated and ventilated front seats (?)] '21) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX300h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'21, NX250 Premium '22-'25, NX350 Premium '22-'26, NX350h Premium '22-'26) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 Luxury '20-'21, NX300h Luxury '20-'21, NX250 Luxury '22-'23, NX350 Luxury '22-'26, NX350h Luxury '22-'26, NX450h+ [base model] '22-'25, NX450h+ Premium '26-, NX450h+ Luxury '26-) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport '20-'21) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX300 F Sport w/Comfort package '20, NX300 F Sport w/Premium package '21, NX300h F Sport Black Line '21) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350 F Sport Handling '22-'26, NX450h+ F Sport Handling '22-'26, Canadian-built NX350h '26-) |- |C |5DR Wagon (Lexus NX350h [Japanese-built] '26-) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model] '20-'22, RX350L [base model] '20-'22, RX450h [base model] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model] '20-'22) |- |H |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22,<br> RX450h [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Premium package] '20-'22) |- |J |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX350L [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450h [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22, RX450hL [base model w/Luxury package] '20-'22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport '20-'22, RX450h F Sport '20-'22) |- |Y |5DR Wagon (Lexus RX350 F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX450h F Sport w/Performance package '20, RX350 F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22, RX450h F Sport w/Handling package '21-'22) |- |B |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model] '20-'23) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package] '20-'23) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 Luxury '20-'23) |- |K |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '22) |- |S |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX460 [base model w/Premium package & Black Line Special Edition package] '23) |- |V |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Luxury/Luxury+] '24-'26) [Class E GVWR] |- |T |5DR Wagon (Lexus GX550 [Premium/Premium+, Overtrail/Overtrail+] '24-'26) [Class F GVWR] |- |C |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model] '20-'21) |- |D |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [3-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |E |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model] '20-'21) |- |F |4DR Wagon (Lexus LX570 [2-row base model w/Luxury package] '20-'21) |- |N |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 [2-row base model] '22-'24) |- |A |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Premium [3-row] '22-'26) |- |M |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 F Sport [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h F Sport [3-row] '25-'26) |- |G |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Luxury [3-row] '22-'26, LX700h Luxury [3-row] '25-'26) |- |L |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury [2-row] '22-'24) |- |W |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Overtrail [2/3-row] '25-'26) |- |U |5DR Wagon (Lexus LX700h Ultra Luxury [2-row] '25-'26) |} '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (2010- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |R |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport Access Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |S |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |A |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |C |Tacoma TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('17-'23) |- |E |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |G |Tacoma Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |B |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab Super LWB 2wd ('16-'23) |- |D |Tacoma SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('16-'23) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd (Canada only: '16-'17) |- |H |Tacoma Limited Double Cab Super LWB 4wd ('21-'23) |- |} LWB=Long Wheelbase {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |J |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |K |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |L |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |M |Tundra [base model] Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |R |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |U |Tundra [base model] Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |T |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |C |Tundra [base model] Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |E |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |D |Tundra [base model] CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('10-'13) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('10-'13) |- |N |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'17) |- |P |Tundra SR Regular Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'17) |- |R |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |U |Tundra TRD Pro Double Cab LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '20-'21) |- |T |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |C |Tundra SR, SR5 Double Cab ELWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |S |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |B |Tundra Limited Double Cab LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |E |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra SR5 CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |D |Tundra TRD Pro CrewMax LWB 4wd ('15-'17, '19-'21) |- |F |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |H |Tundra Limited CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |G |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 2wd ('14-'21) |- |A |Tundra Platinum, 1794 Edition CrewMax LWB 4wd ('14-'21) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Grade=== {{center|'''Position 4 (2022- for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |K |Tundra SR ('22-'26) |- |L |Tundra SR5 ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |J |Tundra Limited ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |1 |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) ('25-'26) |- |N |Tundra Platinum ('22-'26) [excluding other configurations listed separately] |- |M |Tundra 1794 Edition ('22-'26) |- |P |Tundra TRD Pro ('22-'26) |- |V |Tundra Capstone ('22-'26) |- |W |Tundra Limited w/Nightshade Package or TRD Off-Road Package, Platinum w/TRD Off-Road Package ('24-'26), SR5 w/TRD Rally Package ('25-'26) |- |Z |Tundra Limited CrewMax SWB 4x2 Gas-only (Non-hybrid) w/Nightshade Package ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type 2010-=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Highlander ('10-'19), Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 8AR-FTS engine.<br> Lexus NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21), IS200t ('16-'17), IS300 RWD ('18-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine. Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius (Two Eco, Three, Three Touring, Four, Four Touring trim levels) ('16-'18), Prius 2wd ('19-'22),<br> Corolla Hybrid ('21-'22). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 2 Front motors: 1NM (MG2), 1SM (MG1).<br> Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('20-'24). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Avalon Hybrid ('21-'22), Lexus ES300h ('21-'25). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Venza Hybrid ('21-'24). |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Toyota Tundra SR5, Limited, Platinum, 1794 Edition ('22-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown XLE, Limited Hybrid Awd ('23-'26), Crown Nightshade Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26), Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26), Lexus TX350 ('24-'26),<br> 4Runner ('25-'26). |- | A || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) +<br> 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26). |- | A || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid 2wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('10-'11), Lexus HS250h ('10-'12). |- | B || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('10-'15). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius (Two trim level: '16-'18), (One trim level: '17-'18), Corolla Hybrid ('20). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('20-'26), Lexus RX350h Awd ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (205 hp).<br> Toyota Avalon Awd ('21). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) (detuned version - 348 or 358 hp). Toyota Tundra SR ('22-'26). |- | B || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LX600 ('22-'26), GX550 ('24-'26). |- | B || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [Japanese-built] ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla [Japanese-built] ('26-). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid 2wd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus TX500h Awd ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26), 4Runner i-Force Max 4wd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (278 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR5, TRD PreRunner, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, & Limited w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | B || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h 2wd ('25-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h Awd ('10-'15), Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('11-'16). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('10-'11). |- | C || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tundra i-Force Max ('22-'26). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Corolla Hybrid 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius 2wd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX500h Awd ('23-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus TX550h+ Awd ('24-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [326 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, & TRD Pro] ('24). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Crown Signia Hybrid Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor)<br> [Total system hp: 323 hp on Trailhunter or 326 hp on all others]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, & TRD Pro] ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus UX300h Awd ('25-'26). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | C || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h 2wd ('26-). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus CT200h ('11-'17). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('12-'17), Avalon Hybrid ('13-'18). |- | D || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 1LM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius C ('12-'19). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp).<br> Lexus NX250 ('22-'25). |- | D || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Corolla Hybrid Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 1WM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Prius Awd ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine. Toyota Highlander ('23-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid Max Awd ('24-'26). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (228 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR w/auto. trans. ('24-'26). |- | D || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc) + 1TM (1 Front motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LX700h ('25-'26). |- | D || 1.6L || I3 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Toyota G16E-GTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota GR Corolla [UK-built] ('26-). |- | D || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2wd ('26-). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla XRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12), Matrix S, XRS ('10-'13),<br> Scion tC ('10), Scion xB ('10-'15). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('10-'17), IS350C ('10-'15),<br> GS350 ('10-'11, '13-'15), RC350 ('15-'17). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (270 hp).<br> Toyota Tacoma SR, TRD Sport, & TRD Off-Road w/man. trans. ('24-'26). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 2VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid Awd ('26-). |- | E || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Fwd ('26-). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('10-'17), Scion tC ('11-'16), RAV4 ('10-'18). |- | F || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('10-'15), IS250C ('10-'15). |- | F || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h 2wd ('16). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1ZM (2 Front motors), 1YM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Crown Platinum Hybrid Max Awd ('23-'26). |- | F || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine + 1TM (1 Front motor) [323 total system hp]. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max 4wd [Trailhunter] ('24). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 6JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Lexus RX450h Awd ('16-'22), RX450hL Awd ('18-'22). |- | G || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FXS engine + 4JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('17-'19). |- | G || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus NX350 ('22-'26). |- | G || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 1VM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus ES350h Awd ('26-). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 3ZR-FAE engine. Toyota C-HR ('18-'22). |- | H || 2.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota T24A-FTS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26). |- | J || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1NR-FE engine. Scion iQ ('12-'15). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus NX300h Awd ('15-'21), RAV4 Hybrid Awd ('16-'18). |- | J || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('10-'18), Camry V6 ('10-'17), Highlander ('10-'16),<br> RAV4 ('10-'12), Sienna ('10-'16), Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada), Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), RX350 ('10-'15). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX350h Awd ('22-'26). |- | K || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Lexus NX450h+ Awd ('22-'26). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('10-'17), GS460 ('10-'11). |- | M || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12), Tundra ('10-'19), Lexus GX460 ('10-'23). |- | M || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine (detuned version - 255 hp).<br> Lexus IS300 AWD ('16-'17), RC300 AWD ('16-'17). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('10-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 3JM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15). |- | N || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 5JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus SC430 ('10). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('10-'14), RC F ('15-'25), GS F ('16-'20), LC500 ('18-'26),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25). |- | P || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Valvematic. Toyota 2ZR-FAE engine.<br> Toyota Corolla sedan LE Eco ('14-'19), Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22). |- | R || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Sienna Hybrid 2wd ('21-'26). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2GR-FXE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('13-'18). |- | S || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 5NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.<br> Toyota Sienna Hybrid Awd ('21-'26). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota Tacoma ('10-'15), Tundra ('10). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24), FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Tundra ('11-'14). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Toyota Corolla sedan [except XRS & LE Eco] ('10-'19),<br> Matrix [base model] ('10-'13 & in Canada '14), Scion xD ('10-'14). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid Awd ('10). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'18), Tundra ('10-'19). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AR-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus ES300h ('13-'18), NX300h 2wd ('15-'16). |- | W || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota RAV4 Hybrid [all] ('19-'20), RAV4 Hybrid LE, XLE ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid Woodland Edition ('23-'25). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('10-'23), 4Runner 2wd ('10). |- | X || 4.8L || 72° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Engine co-developed by Yamaha. Toyota 1LR-GUE engine. Lexus LFA ('12). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22), Tundra ('10-'21),<br> Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21), Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21). |- | Y || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles.<br> Toyota 8GR-FXS engine + 2NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Lexus LC500h ('18-'25), LS500h ('18-'25). |- | Z || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine.<br> Lexus GS350 ('16-'20), RX350 ('16-'22), RX350L ('18-'22), IS350 ('18-'26), RC350 ('18-'25), ES350 ('19-'25),<br> Toyota Tacoma ('16-'23), Highlander ('17-'22), Sienna ('17-'20), Camry ('18-'24), Avalon ('19-'22). |- | 1 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (203 hp or <br> 202 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (L, LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('18-'20),<br> Camry (LE, XLE, SE trim levels) ('21-'24), RAV4 ('19-'25), Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25). |- | 2 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (SE, XLE trim levels) ('18-'19),<br> Avalon Hybrid ('19-'20), Lexus ES300h ('19-'20). |- | 3 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid (LE trim level) ('18-'19),<br> Camry Hybrid [all models] ('20-'24). |- | 3 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Lexus UX200 2wd ('19-'22). |- | 4 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota M20A-FKS Dynamic Force engine.<br> Toyota Corolla Hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'22), Corolla sedan ('23-'26). |- | 5 || 3.4L || V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4ST Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota V35A-FTS Dynamic Force engine (3445 cc).<br> Lexus LS500 ('18-'26). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota A25A-FKS Dynamic Force engine (206 hp or <br> 205 hp in Camry AWD). Toyota Camry (XSE trim level) ('18-'24). |- | 6 || 2.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota A25A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 4NM (1 Rear motor). Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid XLE Premium, XSE, Limited ('21-'25), RAV4 Hybrid SE ('22-'25). |- | 6 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h 2wd ('23-'24). |- | 8 || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iW. Otto/Atkinson cycles. Toyota 2GR-FKS engine (detuned version - 260 hp). Lexus IS300 AWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('18-'25). |- | 9 || 1.8L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2ZR-FXE engine + 1NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius AWD-e ('19-'22). |- | 9 || 2.0L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Atkinson cycle. Toyota M20A-FXS Dynamic Force engine + 3NM (2 Front motors), 1MM (1 Rear motor). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus UX250h Awd ('19-'24). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 2010-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | L || 41.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || M7M5 motor made by Tesla. Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14). |- | V || 12 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2KM motor. Scion iQ EV ('13). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Toyota bZ4X FWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 71.4 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1XM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('23-'25). |- | A || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota C-HR EV AWD ('26-), Subaru Uncharted Sport, GT AWD ('26-). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 1YM motor (front), 1YM motor (rear). Toyota bZ4X AWD ('23-'25), Subaru Solterra AWD ('23-'25). |- | B || 72.8 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 1XM motor. Lexus RZ300e FWD ('24-'25). |- | B || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted Premium FWD [Canada: FWD LR] ('26-). |- | C || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Subaru Uncharted FWD (Canada only: '26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited FWD ('26-), Lexus ES350e ('26-). |- | C || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ450e AWD ('26-). |- | C || 77 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear). Lexus RZ550e AWD ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ XLE Plus, Limited AWD ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT AWD ('26-),<br> Lexus ES500e ('26-). |- | D || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Lexus RZ350e FWD ('26-). |- | E || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 3XM motor (rear). Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited AWD ('26-). |- | F || 57.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || Front || 2XM motor. Toyota bZ XLE FWD ('26-). |- | G || 74.7 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Electricity || All || 2XM motor (front), 2XM motor (rear).<br> Toyota bZ Woodland AWD ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker AWD ('26-). |} ====Motor Type for Fuel Cell Vehicles 2016-==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | V || 1.6 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Hydrogen || Front || 4JM motor. Toyota Mirai ('16-'20). |- | A || 1.24 Kwh || Lithium-ion || Hydrogen || Rear || 3KM motor. Toyota Mirai ('21-'26). |} ===Restraint System=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description !Application |- |1 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus HS250h '10-'12, ES350 '10-'25,<br> ES250 AWD '21-'25, ES300h '13-'25,<br> ES350h '26-, ES350e '26-, ES500e '26-,<br> GS200t '16-'17, GS300 '18-'19,<br> GS350 '10-'11, '13-'20, GS460 '10-'11,<br> GS450h '10-'11, '13-'18, GS F '16-'20,<br> LS460 '10-'17 (Opt.), LS600hL '10-'12 (Opt.), LS600hL '13-'16, LS500 '18-'26, LS500h '18-'21,<br> RX350 '10-'15, RX450h '10-'15, IS250 '14-'15,<br> IS200t '16-'17, IS300 RWD '18-'25,<br> IS300 AWD '16-'25, IS350 '14-'26,<br> IS500 F Sport Performance '22-'25,<br> Camry '12-'24, Avalon '13-'22 |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '10, IS250C, IS350C '10-'15 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '10-'12, Camry '10-'11, Prius '10-'15,<br> Prius V '12-'17 & '18 in Canada,<br> Scion tC '10,<br> Venza '10-'15 & '16 in Canada,<br> Highlander '10-'13, Sienna '11-'14 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag (Though not reflected in the VIN, a Front passenger seat cushion airbag is also standard.) |Sienna '15-'20 |- |3 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 Prime '21-'24, RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '25 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for all rows |Corolla '10-'13,<br> Matrix '10-'13 & in Canada '14,<br> Yaris hatchback '10-'11, Yaris sedan '10-'12,<br> Scion xD '10-'12, Scion xB '10-'15,<br> Sienna '10, FJ Cruiser '10-'14,<br> Tacoma '10-'15 |- |4 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Side Curtain Airbags for 1st 2 rows |RAV4 '10-'12, RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |4Runner '10-'26, Sequoia '10-'22,<br> Tundra '10-'26, Scion tC '11-'16,<br> Tacoma '16-'23, Tacoma Double Cab '24-'26,<br> Lexus LS460 '10-'17, LS600hL '10-'12, IS250/IS350 '10-'13, IS F '10-'14,<br> CT200h '11-'17, RC200t '16-'17,<br> RC300 RWD '18-'25, RC300 AWD '16-'25,<br> RC350 '15-'25, RC F '15-'25,<br> LC500 coupe '18-'26, LC500h '18-'25 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Land Cruiser '10-'11, '13-'21,<br> Lexus GX460 '10-'23, LX570 '10-'11, '13-'21, LX600 '22-'26, LX700h '25-'26 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Lexus LFA '12 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Mirai '21-'26, Crown '23-'26, Camry '25-'26,<br> Crown Signia '25-'26, Sequoia '23-'26,<br> bZ4X '23-'25, bZ '26-, bZ Woodland '26-,<br> C-HR EV '26-,<br> Subaru Solterra '23-'26, Trailseeker '26-, Uncharted '26-,<br> Lexus RZ450e '23-'26, RZ300e '24-'25,<br> RZ350e '26-, RZ550e '26- |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LC500 convertible '21-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Venza '21-'24, Grand Highlander '24-'26,<br> Lexus TX350 '24-'26, TX500h '24-'26,<br> TX550h+ '24-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Corolla Cross '22-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LX600 Ultra Luxury '22-'24,<br> LX700h Ultra Luxury '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla '23-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Prius '23-'26, Prius Prime '23-'24,<br> Prius Plug-in Hybrid '25-'26 |- |A |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Tacoma XtraCab '24-'26 |- |B |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for 1st row, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |GR Corolla Morizo Edition '23, GRMN Corolla '26- |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus NX250 '22-'25, NX350 '22-'26,<br> NX350h '22-'26, NX450h+ '22-'26 |- |C |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus GX550 '24-'26 |- |F |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Land Cruiser '24-'26 |- |J |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus UX200 '19-'22, UX250h '19-'24,<br> UX300h '25-'26 |- |K |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, First & Second Row Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all 3 rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350L '18-'22, RX450hL '18-'22,<br> Sienna '21-'26 |- |L |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, and Outboard Rear seat cushion airbags |Lexus LS500 '18-'25 (Opt.), LS500h '18-'21 (Opt.), LS500h '22-'25 |- |M |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front- & Rear-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |Lexus RX350 '16-'26, RX450h '16-'22,<br> RX350h '23-'26, RX500h '23-'26,<br> RX450h+ '24-'26, C-HR '18-'22, Corolla '21-'27, Prius '21-'22, Prius Prime '21-'22 |- |P |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Scion xD '13-'14 |- |R |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Front passenger seat cushion airbag |RAV4 '13-'25, RAV4 Hybrid '16-'26,<br> RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid '26-,<br> Corolla '14-'20, Scion iM '16, Corolla iM '17-'18,<br> Highlander '14-'26, Prius '16-'20,<br> Prius Prime '17-'20, Mirai '16-'20,<br> Lexus NX200t '15-'17, NX300 '18-'21,<br> NX300h '15-'21 |- |T |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Prius C '12-'19 |- |U |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver's Knee Airbag, and Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags |Yaris hatchback '12-'18 & '19 in Canada |- |X |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Side Curtain Airbags for all rows, Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags, Driver & Front passenger seat cushion airbags, and Rear Window airbag |Scion iQ '12-'15, Scion iQ EV '13 |- |} ===Series=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Lexus LC500 ('18-'26) URZ100L, LC500h ('18-'25) GWZ100L |- |B |Scion TC ('10) ANT10L |- |B |Scion XD ('10-'14) ZSP110L |- |B |Lexus HS250h ('10-'12) ANF10L |- |B |Lexus CT200h ('11-'17) ZWA10L |- |B |Lexus LFA ('12) LFA10L |- |B |Scion iQ ('12-'15) NGJ10L, Scion iQ EV ('13) KPJ10L |- |B |Toyota Prius C ('12-'19) NHP10L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('13-'15) GRL10L, GS350 4wd ('13-'15) GRL15L |- |B |Lexus GS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & GS300 2wd ('18-'19) ARL10L, GS350 2wd ('16-'19) GRL12L, GS350 4wd ('16-'19) GRL16L, GS F ('16-'20) URL10L |- |B |Lexus GS450h ('13-'18) GWL10L |- |B |Lexus RC350 2wd ('15-'19) GSC10L, RC350 4wd ('15-'19) GSC15L, RC F ('15-'25) USC10L |- |B |Lexus RC200t 2wd ('16-'17) & RC300 2wd ('18-'19) ASC10L, RC300 4wd ('16-'19) GSC16L |- |B |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) JPD10L |- |B |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) ZGX10L |- |B |Toyota Corolla hatchback ('19-'27) MZEA12L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25) GSZ10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus ES300h ('19-'20) AXZH10L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Lexus UX200 ('19-'22) MZAA10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('23-'24) MZAH10L, 2wd |- |B |Lexus UX250h ('19-'24) MZAH15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus IS250 2wd ('10-'13) GSE20L, IS250 4wd ('10-'13) GSE25L, IS350 2wd ('10-'13) GSE21L, IS350 4wd ('11-'13) GSE26L, IS F ('10-'14) USE20L |- |C |Lexus IS250C ('10-'15) GSE20L, IS350C ('10-'15) GSE21L |- |C |Scion TC ('11-'16) AGT20L |- |D |Toyota Avalon ('10-'12) GSX30L |- |D |Toyota Prius ('10-'15) ZVW30L |- |D |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15) ZVW35L |- |D |Toyota Yaris hatchback: NCP131L ('12-'18 & '19 in Canada) |- |D |Lexus IS250 2wd ('14-'15) GSE30L, IS250 4wd ('14-'15) GSE35L |- |D |Lexus IS200t 2wd ('16-'17) & IS300 2wd ('18-'19) ASE30L, IS300 4wd ('16-'19) GSE37L |- |D |Lexus IS350 2wd ('14-'19) GSE31L, IS350 4wd ('14-'19) GSE36L |- |E |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13) ZRE142L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine (US: '10, Canada: '10-'12) AZE141L |- |E |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('10-'13 & in Canada '14) ZRE142L,<br> Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('10-'13) AZE141L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('10-'13) AZE144L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS (US: '10, Canada: '10-'13) AZE146L |- |E |Toyota Camry ('10-'11) I4: ASV40L, V6: GSV40L, Hybrid: AHV40L |- |E |Lexus ES350 ('10-'12) GSV40L |- |E |Lexus LS460 2wd ('10-'17) USF40L, LS460L 2wd ('10-'17) USF41L, LS460 4wd ('10-'17) USF45L, LS460L 4wd ('10-'17) USF46L |- |E |Lexus LS600hL ('10-'16) UVF46L |- |E |Lexus SC430 ('10) UZZ40L |- |E |Toyota Prius V ('12-'17 & '18 in Canada) ZVW41L |- |E |Toyota Avalon ('13-'18) V6: GSX40L, Hybrid: AVX40L |- |F |Toyota Camry ('12-'17) I4: ASV50L, V6: GSV50L, Hybrid: AVV50L |- |F |Toyota Prius ('16-'18) ZVW50L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, 2wd), ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd) |- |F |Toyota Prius ('19-'22) ZVW51L (Lithium-ion Battery, 2wd), ZVW55L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota Prius Prime ('17-'22) ZVW52L (Lithium-ion Battery, PHEV, 2wd) |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('18-'19) VXFA50L, LS500 4wd ('18-'19) VXFA55L |- |F |Lexus LS500h 2wd ('18-'19) GVF50L, LS500h 4wd ('18-'19) GVF55L |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'22) V6: GSX50L (2wd) |- |F |Toyota Avalon ('19-'20) Hybrid: AXXH50L (2wd) (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('13-'18) GSV60L |- |G |Lexus ES300h ('13-'18) AVV60L |- |H |Toyota Corolla sedan ('14-'19) ZRE172L |- |H |Toyota Camry ('18-'19) I4: AXVA70L, V6: GSV70L, Hybrid: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery), AXVH71L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |J |Scion iM ('16), Toyota Corolla iM ('17-'18) ZRE186L |- |K |Toyota Yaris - Hatchback: NCP91L ('10-'11), 4-d sedan: NCP93L ('10-'12) |- |K |Lexus GS350 2wd ('10-'11) GRS191L, GS350 4wd ('10-'11) GRS196L |- |K |Lexus GS460 ('10-'11) URS190L |- |K |Lexus GS450h ('10-'11) GWS191L |- |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2010- for North America) |+Assigned according to the Chassis Code given for the car. <br> Based on the 1st digit in 2-digit numbers or the 2nd digit in 3-digit numbers, which corresponds to the letter assigned.<br> For example, 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, 4=E, 5=F, 6=G, 7=H, 8=J, 9=K !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ200L |- |A |Lexus LX570 ('10-'11, '13-'21) URJ201L. In '20-'21, also denotes 4wd. |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |A |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) GRN305L (V6) |- |B |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('10-'14) GSJ10L (2wd), GSJ15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV10L (2wd), GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Toyota Venza ('16 [Canada only]) I4: AGV10L (2wd), AGV15L (4wd), V6: GGV15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX350 ('10-'15) GGL10L (2wd), GGL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus RX450h ('10-'15) GYL10L (2wd), GYL15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX200t ('15-'17) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('18-'19) AGZ10L (2wd), AGZ15L (4wd) |- |B |Lexus NX300h - 2wd: AYZ10L ('15-'16), 4wd: AYZ15L ('15-'19) |- |B |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('16-'23) GRN310L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Sienna ('10) 2wd: GSL20L, 4wd: GSL25L |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('10-'14) TRN220L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma X-Runner Access Cab LWB 2wd ('10-'13 & '14 in Canada & '14-'15 in HI) GRN225L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN225L (I4) |- |C |Lexus RX350 ('16-'19) GGL20L (2wd), GGL25L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX350L ('18-'19) GGL21L (2wd), GGL26L (4wd) |- |C |Lexus RX450h - 2wd: GYL20L ('16), 4wd: GYL25L ('16-'19) |- |C |Lexus RX450hL 4wd: GYL26L ('18-'19) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |C |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN325L (V6) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'12 & '13 in Canada) I4: ASL30L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Sienna ('11-'20) V6: GSL30L (2wd), GSL35L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 ('10-'12) I4: ASA38L (2wd), ASA33L (4wd), V6: GSA38L (2wd), GSA33L (4wd) |- |D |Toyota RAV4 EV ('12-'14) QEA38L (2wd) |- |D |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('16-'23) GRN330L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('10) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Highlander ('11-'13) I4: ASU40L (2wd), V6: GSU40L (2wd), GSU45L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU48L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('10-'14) TRN240L (I4) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) TRN245L (I4), GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('10-'15) GRN245L (V6) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 ('13-'18) I4: ASA42L (2wd), ASA44L (4wd) |- |E |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'18) AVA44L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('16-'23) TRN245L (I4) |- |F |Scion XB ('10-'15) AZE151L |- |F |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('10-'15) GRN250L (V6) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('10-'13) GSK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('14) GSK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('10) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('11-'13) UPK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 2wd ('14-'19) UPK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('10) USK50L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('11-'17) USK51L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('18-'21) USK51L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK52L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('10) UPK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UPK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UPK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 4.6L V8 4wd ('11-'19) UPK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('10-'13) USK55L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('14-'17) USK56L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('18-'21) USK56L (Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK57L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |F |Lexus GX460 ('10-'19) URJ150L |- |F |Toyota Highlander ('14-'19) I4: ASU50L (2wd), V6: GSU50L (2wd), GSU55L (4wd), Hybrid: GVU58L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 ('19-'25) I4: AXAA52L (2wd), AXAA54L (4wd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid: ('19-'25) AXAH54L (Nickel-metal hydride Battery, Awd), ('21-'25) AXAL54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |F |Toyota RAV4 Prime ('21-'24) & RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid ('25) AXAP54L (Lithium-ion Battery, Awd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'12) 4.6L V8: UPK60L (2wd), UPK65L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Sequoia ('13-'20) 5.7L V8: USK60L (2wd), USK65L (4wd) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('10) TRN260L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) TRN265L (I4), GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('11-'15) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN265L (V6) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |G |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('16-'23) TRN265L (I4) |- |H |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('10-'15) GRN270L (V6) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10) I4: TRN280L (2wd) |- |J |Toyota 4Runner ('10-'24) V6: GRN280L (2wd), GRN285L (4wd) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Series & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Corolla sedan L, LE, XLE ('20-'22) w/1.8L 2ZR-FAE engine: ZRE212L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 2wd: AXVA70L, V6 2wd: GSV70L, Hybrid 2wd: AXVH70L (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Avalon ('21-'22) Hybrid: AXXH51L (2wd) (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) JPD20L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (Japan-built) |- |A |Toyota Crown ('23-'26) 2.5L Hybrid Awd: AZSH35L, 2.4L Turbo Hybrid Max Awd: TZSH35L |- |A |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Crown Signia ('25-'26) AZSH38L, Awd |- |A |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH11L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH21L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus ES350e ('26-) XXZM21L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('20) ZWE211L, 2wd (Nickel-metal hydride Battery) |- |B |Toyota Camry ('20-'24) I4 Awd: AXVA75L |- |B |Lexus IS350 2wd ('20-'26) GSE31L |- |B |Lexus GS350 2wd ('20) GRL12L |- |B |Lexus RC300 2wd ('20-'25) ASC10L, RC350 2wd ('20-'25) GSC10L |- |B |Toyota Avalon ('21) I4 AWD: AXXA55L |- |B |Toyota Prius ('23-'26) MXWH65L, Awd |- |C |Toyota Corolla sedan SE, XSE ('20-'26), FX Edition ('25) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA12L, 2wd |- |C |Lexus GS350 4wd ('20) GRL16L |- |C |Lexus ES300h ('21-'25) AXZH11L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |C |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24) & Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) MXWH61L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXVH80L |- |D |Lexus IS300 2wd ('20-'25) ASE30L, IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25) USE30L, 2wd |- |D |Lexus RC350 Awd ('20-'25) GSC15L |- |D |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('21-'22) ZWE213L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |D |Lexus ES250 AWD ('21-'25) AXZA15L, Awd |- |D |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (US-built) |- |D |Toyota Camry ('25-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXVH85L |- |D |Lexus UX300h ('25-'26) MZAH16L, Awd |- |D |Toyota GR Corolla ('26-) GZEA14L, 4wd (UK-built) |- |D |Lexus ES350h ('26-) AXZH26L, Awd |- |D |Lexus ES500e ('26-) XXZM26L, Awd |- |E |Lexus IS350 Awd ('20-'26) GSE36L |- |E |Lexus RC300 Awd ('20-'25) GSC16L |- |E |Toyota Corolla sedan LE ('23-'26) w/2.0L M20A-FKS engine: MZEA18L, 2wd (Japan-built) |- |F |Lexus IS300 Awd ('20-'25) GSE37L |- |F |Lexus LS500 2wd ('20-'25) VXFA50L, LS500h 2wd ('20-'21) GVF50L |- |F |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE219L, 2wd (Lithium-ion Battery) |- |G |Lexus LS500 Awd ('20-'26) VXFA55L, LS500h Awd ('20-'25) GVF55L |- |H |Toyota Corolla Hybrid sedan ('23-'26) ZWE215L, Awd (Lithium-ion Battery) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (2020- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 2wd: GSU70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('23-'25) I4 Turbo 2wd: TXUA70L |- |A |Toyota Highlander ('20-'24) Hybrid 2wd: AXUH70L |- |A |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL20L (2wd) |- |A |Lexus RX350 [Japanese-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) AXUH85L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK60L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH80L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH70L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |A |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA20L (2wd), NX350h ('26-) AAZH20L (2wd) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) XEAM10L, 2wd |- |A |Lexus RZ450e ('23-'25) XEBM15L, Awd |- |A |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TASA10L, Hybrid 2wd: AASH10L |- |A |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA10L, 2wd |- |A |Toyota Land Cruiser ('24-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TJH250L |- |A |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 2wd: TZNA50L |- |A |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL64L, Awd; RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-) AXAP64L, Awd |- |A |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-), Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('20-'22) V6 4wd: GSU75L |- |B |Toyota Highlander ('23-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TXUA75L |- |B |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus GX460 ('20-'23) URJ150L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('21-'22) USK65L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) VXKH85L, 4wd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross ('22-'26) MXGA15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid ('23-'26) MXGH15L, Awd |- |B |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA71L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 2wd: VXKH71L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |B |Toyota bZ4X (Early '23), Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |B |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA10L (2wd) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e ('24-'25) XEBM10L, 2wd |- |B |Toyota Grand Highlander ('24-'26) I4 Turbo Awd: TASA15L, Hybrid Awd: AASH15L, Hybrid Max Awd: TASH15L |- |B |Lexus TX350 ('24-'26) TAUA15L (Awd), TX500h ('24-'26) TAUH15L (Awd) |- |B |Toyota 4Runner ('25-'26) I4 Turbo 4wd: TZNA55L, i-Force MAX Hybrid 4wd: TZNH55L |- |B |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid ('26-) AXAL62L, 2wd |- |B |Subaru Uncharted ('26-) XEKM10L, 2wd |- |C |Toyota Highlander ('20-'26) Hybrid 4wd: AXUH78L |- |C |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 2wd: VXKA72L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |C |Lexus LX600 ('22-'26) VJA310L (4wd), LX700h ('25-'26) VJH310L (4wd) |- |C |Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25) YEAM15L, Awd |- |C |Lexus RX350 [Canadian-built] ('23-'26) TALA15L (Awd), RX350h ('23-'26) AALH15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus TX550h+ ('24-'26) GYU15L (Awd) |- |C |Lexus RZ450e ('26-), RZ550e ('26-) XEBM25L, Awd |- |D |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21) AGZ15L (Awd), NX300h ('20-'21) AYZ15L (Awd) |- |D |Lexus RX350 ('20-'22) GGL25L (Awd), RX450h ('20-'22) GYL25L (Awd) |- |D |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH75L (Double Cab/CrewMax, SWB) |- |D |Lexus GX550 ('24-'26) VJA252L, 4wd |- |D |Lexus RZ350e ('26-) XEBM20L, 2wd |- |E |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL21L (2wd) |- |E |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid 2wd: AXLH40L |- |E |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA76L (CrewMax, LWB), i-Force Max Hybrid 4wd: VXKH76L (CrewMax, LWB) |- |E |Lexus NX250 ('22-'25) AAZA25L (Awd), NX350 ('22-'26) TAZA25L (Awd), NX350h ('22-'26) AAZH25L (Awd) |- |E |Lexus RX500h ('23-'26) TALH17L (Awd) |- |E |Toyota bZ ('26-) XEAM11L, 2wd |- |F |Lexus RX350L ('20-'22) GGL26L (Awd), RX450hL ('20-'22) GYL26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Sienna ('21-'26) Hybrid Awd: AXLH45L |- |F |Lexus NX450h+ ('22-'26) AAZH26L (Awd) |- |F |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5, TRD PreRunner XtraCab 2wd, SR5, TRD Sport Double Cab 2wd: TZNA40L (278 hp) |- |F |Toyota bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra Limited XT, Touring XT ('26-) XEAM15L, Awd |- |G |Toyota Tundra ('22-'26) i-Force 4wd: VXKA77L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |G |Lexus RX450h+ ('24-'26) AALH16L (Awd) |- |G |Subaru Solterra Premium, Limited ('26-) XEAM18L, Awd |- |H |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 2wd, SR Double Cab 2wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA41L (228 hp) |- |H |Toyota bZ Woodland ('26-), Subaru Trailseeker ('26-) XEAM17L, Awd |- |J |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR5 XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/man. trans., SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited Double Cab 4wd: TZNA45L (278 hp w/auto. trans., 270 hp w/man. trans.) |- |K |Toyota Tacoma ('24-'26) SR XtraCab 4wd, SR Double Cab 4wd w/auto. trans.: TZNA46L (228 hp) |- |L |Toyota Tacoma i-Force Max Hybrid ('24-'26) TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, Trailhunter, TRD Pro Double Cab 4wd: TZNH47L (326 total system hp [all except Trailhunter], 323 total system hp on Trailhunter) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Vehicle Line & Make=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2010- for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Scion iQ, Toyota Scion iQ EV ('13) |- |1 |Toyota Tundra ('10-'21) |- |1 |Toyota Sequoia ('10-'22) |- |1 |Lexus ES350 ('19-'25), ES250 AWD ('21-'25), ES300h ('19-'25) |- |1 |Lexus ES350h ('26-), ES350e ('26-), ES550e ('26-) |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS200t, IS300 RWD, IS300 AWD, IS350, IS F, IS 500 F Sport Performance, IS250C, IS350C |- |3 |Toyota Yaris hatchback ('10-'18 & '19 in Canada), Yaris sedan ('10-'12) |- |3 |Toyota Prius C |- |4 |Toyota Scion xD |- |5 |Toyota Grand Highlander, Grand Highlander Hybrid |- |6 |Lexus TX350, TX500h, TX550h+ |- |7 |Toyota Scion tC |- |A |Lexus HS250h |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350L, RX450h, RX450hL |- |A |Lexus RX350, RX350h, RX500h, RX450h+ |- |A |Toyota Mirai ('21-'26) |- |A |Toyota bZ4X, Subaru Solterra ('23-'25) |- |A |Toyota Sequoia ('23-'26) |- |B |Toyota Avalon, Avalon Hybrid |- |B |Toyota bZ |- |B |Toyota bZ Woodland |- |B |Toyota Venza ('10-'15 & '16 in Canada) |- |B |Lexus RZ300e, RZ350e, RZ450e, RZ550e |- |C |Toyota Sienna, Sienna Hybrid |- |C |Lexus RC200t, RC300 RWD, RC300 AWD, RC350, RC F |- |C |Subaru Solterra ('26-) |- |C |Subaru Trailseeker |- |D |Toyota Mirai ('16-'20) |- |D |Toyota C-HR EV ('26-) |- |E |Toyota Corolla, GR Corolla, GRMN Corolla |- |E |Toyota Scion iM, Corolla iM |- |E |Toyota Matrix |- |E |Toyota Scion xB |- |E |Subaru Uncharted |- |F |Toyota FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |F |Lexus LS500, LS500h |- |F |Toyota Crown ('23-) |- |G |Lexus ES350 ('10-'18), ES300h ('13-'18) |- |G |Toyota Corolla Cross, Corolla Cross Hybrid |- |H |Toyota Highlander, Highlander Hybrid |- |H |Lexus CT200h |- |H |Lexus LFA |- |H |Lexus UX200, UX250h, UX300h |- |H |Toyota Venza ('21-'24) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Full-size: '10-'11, '13-'21) |- |J |Toyota Land Cruiser (Mid-size: '24-'26) |- |J |Toyota Crown Signia |- |K |Toyota Camry, Camry Hybrid |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS450h ('13-'15) |- |L |Lexus GS200t, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('16-'17) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS450h, GS F ('18) |- |L |Lexus GS300, GS350, GS F ('19) |- |L |Lexus GS350, GS F ('20) |- |N |Toyota Tacoma |- |P |Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15), Prius Prime ('17-'22) |- |R |Toyota 4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS350, GS460, GS450h ('10-'11) |- |U |Toyota Prius, Prius V |- |U |Toyota Prius Prime ('23-'24), Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |- |V |Toyota RAV4, RAV4 Hybrid, RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26), RAV4 EV |- |X |Lexus GX460, GX550 |- |X |Lexus LX570, LX600, LX700h |- |X |Toyota C-HR ('18-'22) |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Y |Lexus LC500, LC500h |- |Z |Lexus NX200t, NX300, NX300h |- |Z |Lexus NX250, NX350, NX350h, NX450h+ |} ===Vehicle Line, Make, & Body Style=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (2022- for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |B |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 5.5 ft. Bed |- |C |Toyota Tundra, CrewMax, 6.5 ft. Bed |- |D |Toyota Tundra, Double Cab, 8.1 ft. Bed |} ==VIN Format 1996-2009== Toyota has used the following VIN format from 1996-2009 for North America and since 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |2 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |1 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |B |[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |5 |E |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Restraint System|Restraint System]] |- |8 |K ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |U |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Position!!Sample!!Description |- |1 |5 |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |D |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |H |MPV: [[#Body Type & Drive Wheels|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |4 |B |Truck: [[#Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System|Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System]] |- |5 |F |[[#Engine Type 1996-2009|Engine Type]] |- |6 |4 |[[#Series 1996-2009|Series]] |- |7 |6 |[[#Grade|Grade]] |- |8 |C ||[[#Vehicle Line|Vehicle Line]] |- |9 |8 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |9 |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |S |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |8 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |6 |- |14 |6 |- |15 |8 |- |16 |5 |- |17 |0 |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo) |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD (Tercel, Echo, Yaris, Corolla, Camry, Avalon, '01-'03 Prius, Lexus ES, IS, GS, LS) |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD ('96-'97 Paseo, '96-'98 Celica, '96 Camry coupe, '99-'08 Camry Solara, '96-'00 Lexus SC300/SC400) |- |C |4DR Sedan 4WD (Lexus GS300 AWD '06, GS350 AWD '07-'09, LS460 AWD '09) |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD ('96-'05 Celica, '96-'98 Supra, '05-'09 Scion tC) |- |D |4DR Sedan LWB 4WD ('09 Lexus LS460L AWD, '08-'09 LS600hL) |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD ('96 Corolla wagon, '96 Camry wagon, '02-'05 Lexus IS300 SportCross) |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD ('97 Paseo conv., '96-'99 Celica conv., '00-'08 Camry Solara conv., '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '02-'09 Lexus SC430) |- |G |5DR Sedan 2WD w/IRS ('09 Matrix XRS) |- |G |4DR Sedan LWB 2WD ('07-'09 Lexus LS460L) |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD ('07-'09 Yaris 3-door) |- |K |4DR Hatchback or 5DR Liftback 2WD ('04-'09 Prius, '09 Yaris 5-door) / 5DR Sedan 2WD ('03-'08 Matrix 2wd, Scion xA, xD) /<br> 5DR Sedan 2WD w/torsion beam rear suspension ('09 Matrix Base model & S 2wd) |- |L |5DR Sedan 4WD ('03-'06, '09 Matrix 4wd) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 Lexus GX470) |- |D |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |E |5DR Wagon 4WD ('04-'09 Highlander) |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'97 Previa, '98-'00 Sienna, '96-'05 RAV4, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '01-'07 Highlander,<br> '96-'02 4Runner) |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'97 Previa All-Trac, '96-'05 RAV4, '01-'07 Highlander, '96-'02 4Runner, '96-'09 Land Cruiser, '99-'03 Lexus RX300,<br> '04-'06 RX330, '07-'09 RX350, '06-'08 RX400h, '96-'97 Lexus LX450, '98-'07 LX470, '08-'09 LX570) |- |K |5DR Wagon 2WD ('04-'06, '08-'09 Scion xB) |- |X |2DR Wagon 2WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Y |2DR Wagon 4WD ('96-'99 RAV4) |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD ('98-'09 Sienna, '06-'09 RAV4, '09 Venza, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser, '03-'09 4Runner, '01-'09 Sequoia) |- |} ===Cab, Chassis, Drive Wheels & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks''' {{center|'''Position 4 (1996-2009 for North America)'''}} {{center|'''All have hydraulic brakes.'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |B |Tundra Access Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |D |Tundra Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |E |Tundra Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('04-'06) |- |G |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |H |Tacoma Double Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('01-'04) |- |J |T100 Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98), Tundra Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |R |Tundra Access Cab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('00-'06) |- |S |Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('98-'04) |- |T |T100 XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |U |T100 XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'98) |- |V |Tacoma XtraCab 2wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |W |Tacoma XtraCab 4wd 1/2 Ton ('96-'04) |- |N |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |P |Tacoma Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |T |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |U |Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |L |Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |K |Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab Super LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |M |Tacoma Double Cab Super LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('05-'09) |- |J |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |K |Tundra Regular Cab SWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |L |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |M |Tundra Regular Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |R |Tundra Double Cab LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |B |Tundra Double Cab LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |S |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |C |Tundra Double Cab ELWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |E |Tundra CrewMax LWB 2wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |D |Tundra CrewMax LWB 4wd 1/2 Ton ('07-'09) |- |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Engine Type 1996-2009=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('96-'97). |- | A || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330 ('04-'06),<br> Camry Solara ('04-'08). |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla, Celica ST ('96-'97). |- | B || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 3CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('04-'09). |- | B || 2.4L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 2AZ-FXE engine + 2JM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Camry Hybrid ('07-'09). |- | C || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada), Paseo ('96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada). |- | C || 3.5L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors).<br> Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus GS450h ('07-'09). |- | D || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 2JZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Supra ('96-'98), Lexus GS300 ('96-'05), SC300 ('96-'00), IS300 ('01-'05). |- | D || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('01-'07), RAV4 ('04-'08). |- | E || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('96-'98). |- | E || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2AZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry ('02-'09), Camry Solara ('02-'08), Scion tC ('05-'09),<br> Scion xB ('08-'09), Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS ('09). |- | E || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS350 ('06-'09), GS350 ('07-'09). |- | E || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 1AR-FE engine. Toyota Venza, Highlander ('09). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('96-'03), Avalon ('96-'99), Sienna ('98-'00),<br> Lexus ES300 ('96-'98), Camry Solara ('99-'03). |- | F || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry LE V6, XLE V6 ('04-'06), Avalon ('00-'04),<br> Highlander ('01-'03), Sienna ('01-'03), Lexus ES300 ('99-'03), RX300 ('99-'03). |- | F || 2.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2AR-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('09). |- | G || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT ('96-'99), Camry ('96-'01), Camry Solara ('99-'01). |- | H || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('98 & later). Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400, SC400 ('96-'00), GS400 ('98-'00). |- | H || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1AZ-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03). |- | H || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3GR-FSE engine. Lexus GS300 ('06). |- | J || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX450 ('96-'97). |- | J || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Lexus ES350 ('07-'09). |- | K || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('96-'97). |- | K || 1.5L || I4 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Atkinson cycle. Toyota 1NZ-FXE engine + 2CM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Prius ('01-'03). |- | K || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Avalon ('05-'09), RAV4 ('06-'09), Camry V6, Sienna,<br> Lexus RX350 ('07-'09), Venza ('09). |- | K || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || D-4 Direct injection. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 4GR-FSE engine. Lexus IS250 ('06-'09). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('96-'04). |- | L || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus GS430 ('01-'05). |- | L || 4.6L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 1UR-FSE engine.<br> Lexus LS460 ('07-'09), GS460 ('08-'09). |- | L || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Japanese-built Toyota Corolla ('09). |- | M || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'00), T100 ('96-'98). |- | N || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('96-'04), 4Runner ('96-'02), T100 ('96-'98), Tundra ('00-'04). |- | N || 2.2L || I4 || CNG || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FNE engine. Toyota Camry ('00-'01). |- | N || 4.3L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS430 ('01-'06), SC430 ('02-'09), GS430 ('06-'07). |- | P || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota RAV4 ('96-'00). |- | P || 3.3L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('04-'07). |- | P || 5.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2UR-GSE engine. Lexus IS F ('08-'09). |- | R || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i ('00 & later). Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('98-'08), Celica GT, MR2 Spyder ('00-'05),<br> Matrix ('03-'08). |- | S || 3.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2GR-FE engine. Toyota Highlander ('08-'09). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'05), Toyota Tundra ('00-'04),<br> Sequoia ('01-'04), 4Runner, Lexus GX470 ('03-'04). |- | T || 4.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 2UZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('06-'07), Toyota 4Runner, Sequoia, Tundra, Lexus GX470 ('05-'09). |- | T || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 1NZ-FE engine. Toyota Echo ('00-'05), Yaris ('07-'09), Scion xA, xB ('04-'06). |- | U || 4.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 1GR-FE engine.<br> Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09), Tacoma, Tundra ('05-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09). |- | U || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 2ZR-FE engine. Scion xD ('08-'09), US- & Canadian-built Toyota Corolla ('09),<br> Matrix ('09). |- | U || 5.0L || V8 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || D-4S Direct/Port injection. Dual VVT-i w/intake VVT-iE. Toyota 2UR-FSE engine + 1KM (2 Front motors). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09). |- | V || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Tundra ('07-'09). |- | W || 3.3L || V6 || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VVT-i. Toyota 3MZ-FE engine + 1JM (2 Front motors), 2FM (1 Rear motor on AWD models). Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack. Toyota Highlander Hybrid ('06-'09), Lexus RX400h ('06-'08). |- | W || 5.7L || V8 || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Flex-Fuel. MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FBE engine. Toyota Tundra ('09). |- | X || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Intake VVT-i. Toyota 2TR-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('05-'09). |- | Y || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. VVTL-i. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 2ZZ-GE engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('00-'05), Matrix XRS ('03-'06), Corolla XRS ('05-'06). |- | Y || 5.7L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Dual VVT-i. Toyota 3UR-FE engine. Toyota Sequoia, Land Cruiser, Lexus LX570 ('08-'09). |} VVT-i=Variable Valve Timing w/Intelligence, VVTL-i= Variable Valve Timing and Lift w/Intelligence, CNG=Compressed Natural Gas ====Motor Type for Electric Vehicles 1996-2009==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Battery Size !! Battery Type !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Notes/Applications |- | S || 27.4 Kwh || Nickel-metal hydride || Electricity || Front || 1BM motor. Toyota RAV4 EV ('98-'03). |} ===Series 1996-2009=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('96-'97): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door ('96-'97) or wagon ('96) w/1.8L engine: AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('96-'97): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('96-'99): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry ('96) I4: SXV'''1'''0L, V6: MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 ('96) MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('96-'99) MCX'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Corolla ('98-'02) ZZE1'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Echo ('00-'05) NCP'''1'''2L |- |1 |Toyota Prius ('01-'03) NHW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) JCE'''1'''0L |- |1 |Scion TC ('05-'09) ANT1'''0'''L |- |1 |Scion XD ('08-'09) ZSP1'''1'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('96-'00) UCF'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Camry ('97-'01) I4: SXV'''2'''0L, V6: MCV'''2'''0L, CNG I4 ('00-'01): SXV'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Camry Solara - 2.2L I4 ('99-'01): SXV'''2'''0L, 2.4L I4 ('02-'03): ACV'''2'''0L, V6 ('99-'03): MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus ES300 ('97-'01) MCV'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Avalon ('00-'04) MCX'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Prius ('04-'09) NHW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus IS250 2wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''0L, IS250 4wd ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''5L, IS350 ('06-'09) GSE'''2'''1L, IS F ('08-'09) USE'''2'''0L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('96-'00) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('96-'00) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Celica - GT w/1ZZ-FE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''0L, GT-S w/2ZZ-GE engine ('00-'05): ZZT2'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) ZZW'''3'''0L |- |3 |Lexus LS430 ('01-'06) UCF'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Camry ('02-'06) I4: ACV'''3'''0L, 3.0L V6: MCV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 SE V6): MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Camry Solara ('04-'08) I4 : ACV'''3'''0L, 3.3L V6: MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus ES300 ('02-'03) MCV'''3'''0L, ES330 ('04-'06) MCV'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Corolla w/1ZZ-FE engine ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''0L, Corolla XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('05-'06) ZZE1'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 2wd ('03-'08) ZZE1'''3'''2L, Matrix w/1ZZ-FE engine & 4wd ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2ZZ-GE engine ('03-'06) ZZE1'''3'''3L |- |3 |Toyota Avalon ('05-'09) GSX'''3'''0L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('96-'97) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |4 |Lexus SC430 ('02-'09) UZZ'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Camry ('07-'09) I4: ACV'''4'''0L, V6: GSV'''4'''0L, Hybrid: AHV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus ES350 ('07-'09) GSV'''4'''0L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''0L, LS460L 2wd ('07-'09) USF'''4'''1L |- |4 |Lexus LS600hL ('08-'09) UVF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Lexus LS460 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''5L, LS460L 4wd ('09) USF'''4'''6L |- |4 |Toyota Corolla w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Corolla XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Matrix w/1.8L 2ZR-FE engine ('09) ZRE1'''4'''2L, Matrix S w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & torsion beam rear suspension ('09) AZE1'''4'''1L,<br> Matrix S AWD w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 4wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''4L, Matrix XRS w/2.4L 2AZ-FE engine, 2wd, & IRS ('09) AZE1'''4'''6L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel (US: '96-'98, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''3L |- |5 |Toyota Paseo (US: '96-'97, Canada: '96-'99) EL'''5'''4L |- |6 |Lexus GS300 ('98-'05) JZS1'''6'''0L, GS400 ('98-'00) UZS1'''6'''0L, GS430 ('01-'05) UZS1'''6'''1L |- |6 |Scion XA ('04-'06) NCP'''6'''1L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('96-'98) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Yaris ('07-'09) Hatchback: NCP'''9'''1L, 4-d sedan: NCP'''9'''3L |- |9 |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''0L, GS300 4wd ('06) GRS1'''9'''5L |- |9 |Lexus GS350 2wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''1L, GS350 4wd ('07-'09) GRS1'''9'''6L |- |9 |Lexus GS430 ('06-'07) UZS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS460 ('08-'09) URS1'''9'''0L |- |9 |Lexus GS450h ('07-'09) GWS1'''9'''1L |- |} CNG=Compressed Natural Gas, IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-2009 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('98-'07), Lexus LX470 ('98-'07) UZJ1'''0'''0L |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''0L |- |0 |Lexus LX570 ('08-'09) URJ2'''0'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('96-'97) TCR'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 2wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''5L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''6L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 4wd ('96-'00) 2-door: SXA'''1'''0L, 4-door: SXA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota RAV4 EV 2wd ('98-'03) 4-door: BEA'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota Sienna ('98-'03) MCL'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03) MCU'''1'''0L (2wd), MCU'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota 4Runner ('03-'09) V6: GRN2'''1'''0L (2wd), GRN2'''1'''5L (4wd), V8: UZN2'''1'''0L (2wd), UZN2'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota FJ Cruiser ('07-'09) GSJ'''1'''0L (2wd), GSJ'''1'''5L (4wd) |- |1 |Toyota Venza 2wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''0L, V6: GGV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Venza 4wd ('09) I4: AGV'''1'''5L, V6: GGV'''1'''5L |- |1 |Toyota T100 I4 2wd ('96-'98) RCK'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota T100 V6 2wd ('96-'98) VCK'''1'''1L |- |2 |Toyota T100 V6 4wd ('96-'98) VCK'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('96-'97) TCR'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('01-'03) ACA'''2'''6L (2wd), ACA'''2'''1L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota RAV4 ('04-'05) ACA'''2'''8L (2wd), ACA'''2'''3L (4wd) |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('04-'06) 2wd: MCL'''2'''0L, 4wd: MCL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Sienna ('07-'09) 2wd: GSL'''2'''0L, 4wd: GSL'''2'''5L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 2wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''0L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''0L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''3L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''3L |- |2 |Toyota Highlander 4wd - '01-'07 I4: ACU'''2'''5L, '01-'03 3.0L V6: MCU'''2'''5L, '04-'07 3.3L V6: MCU'''2'''8L, '06-'07 Hybrid: MHU'''2'''8L |- |2 |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) UZJ1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''0L (I4) |- |2 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 2wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''2'''5L (I4), GRN2'''2'''5L (V6) |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 2wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''3'''0L, '05-'06 4.0L V6: GSK'''3'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''3'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 2wd ('04-'06) UCK'''3'''1L |- |3 |Toyota Sequoia ('01-'07) UCK'''3'''5L (2wd), UCK'''4'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Scion XB ('04-'06) NCP'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus RX330 ('04-'06) MCU'''3'''3L (2wd), MCU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX350 ('07-'09) GSU'''3'''0L (2wd), GSU'''3'''5L (4wd) |- |3 |Lexus RX400h ('06-'08) MHU'''3'''3L (2wd), MHU'''3'''8L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('06-'08) I4: ACA'''3'''8L (2wd), ACA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |3 |Toyota RAV4 ('09) I4: ASA'''3'''8L (2wd), ASA'''3'''3L (4wd), V6: GSA'''3'''8L (2wd), GSA'''3'''3L (4wd) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab SWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''0L (I4) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Access Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) TRN2'''4'''5L (I4), GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab LWB 4wd ('05-'09) GRN2'''4'''5L (V6) |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Reg. Cab/Access Cab 4wd - '00-'04 3.4L V6: VCK'''4'''0L, '00-'06 V8: UCK'''4'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Tundra Double Cab V8 4wd ('04-'06) UCK'''4'''1L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('08) 2wd: GSU'''4'''0L, 4wd: GSU'''4'''5L, Hybrid 4wd: MHU'''4'''8L |- |4 |Toyota Highlander ('09) I4: ASU'''4'''0L (2wd), V6: GSU'''4'''0L (2wd), GSU'''4'''5L (4wd), Hybrid: MHU'''4'''8L (4wd) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 2wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''5'''0L (2.4L I4), VZN1'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab ELWB [4wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''5'''0L (V6) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra V6 2wd ('07-'09) GSK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), GSK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab, LWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 2wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''0L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''1L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''2L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 4.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) UCK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), UCK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), UCK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Toyota Tundra 5.7L V8 4wd ('07-'09) USK'''5'''5L (Reg. Cab, SWB), USK'''5'''6L (Reg. Cab/Double Cab/CrewMax, LWB), USK'''5'''7L (Double Cab, ELWB) |- |5 |Scion XB ('08-'09) AZE1'''5'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma Reg. Cab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''6'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab SWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''0L (I4) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Access Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) TRN2'''6'''5L (I4), GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab LWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''6'''5L (V6) |- |6 |Toyota Sequoia ('08-'09) 4.7L V8: UCK'''6'''0L (2wd), UCK'''6'''5L (4wd), 5.7L V8: USK'''6'''0L (2wd), USK'''6'''5L (4wd) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma XtraCab 4wd ('96-'04) RZN1'''7'''1L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma Double Cab 4wd ('01-'04) VZN1'''7'''0L (V6) |- |7 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab ELWB [2wd] ('05-'09) GRN2'''7'''0L (V6) |- |8 |Toyota 4Runner - '96-'00 I4: RZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), RZN1'''8'''5L (4wd), '96-'02 V6: VZN1'''8'''0L (2wd), VZN1'''8'''5L (4wd) |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser ('96-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Reg. Cab [2wd] ('99-'04) RZN1'''9'''1L (2.7L I4) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner XtraCab [2wd] ('98-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |- |9 |Toyota Tacoma PreRunner Double Cab [2wd] ('01-'04) RZN1'''9'''6L (2.7L I4), VZN1'''9'''5L (V6) |} SWB=Short Wheelbase, LWB=Long Wheelbase, ELWB=Extra Long Wheelbase ===Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America)<br> Note: Toyota/Lexus VINs before 2010 do not reflect if the vehicle has rear-seat side airbags. Some Lexus ES, GS, & LS models are so equipped. !Code !Description !Application |- |2 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags |Tercel '96-'98, Corolla '96-'08, Camry '96-'06, Avalon '96-'97, Paseo '96-'97, Celica '96-'05,<br> Supra '96-'98, Camry Solara '99-'03, Echo '00-'05, MR2 Spyder '00-'05, Prius '01-'06,<br> Matrix '03-'08, Yaris '07-'08, Scion xA '04-'06, Lexus ES300 '96-'97, GS300 '96-'97, LS400 '96,<br> SC300/SC400 '96-'00 |- |5 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus SC430 '07-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver's Knee Airbag |Avalon '05-'09, Camry '07-'09, Scion tC '05-'07 (Opt.), Scion tC '08-'09 |- |6 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags, and Driver & Front Passenger Knee Airbags |Lexus LS430 '04-'06, LS460 '07-'09, LS600hL '08-'09, GS300 '06, GS350 '07-'09,<br> GS430 '06-'07, GS460 '08-'09, GS450h '07-'09, IS250/IS350 '06-'09, IS F '08-'09,<br> ES350 '07-'09 |- |7 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Driver's Knee Airbag |Scion tC '05-'07 |- |8 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags and Side Airbags |Corolla '98-'04 (Opt.), Camry '98-'01 (Opt.), Avalon '98-'04, Camry Solara '99-'03 (Opt.),<br> Camry Solara coupe '04-'06, Camry Solara convertible '04-'08, Celica '00-'05 (Opt.),<br> Echo '01-'05 (Opt.), Prius '01-'03 (Opt.), Matrix '03-'04 (Opt.), Lexus LS400 '97-'00,<br> ES300 '98-'01, GS300/GS400 '98-'00, IS300 '01, SC430 '02-'06 |- |9 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front-seat Side Curtain Airbags |Lexus GS300/GS430 '01-'05, IS300 '02-'05 |- |0 |Manual Belts w/Dual Front Airbags, Front-seat Side Airbags, and Front to Rear Side Curtain Airbags |Camry '02-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '04-'06 (Opt.), Camry Solara coupe '07-'08,<br> Prius '04-'06 (Opt.), Prius '07-'09, Corolla '05-'08 (Opt.), Corolla '09, Matrix '05-'08 (Opt.), Matrix '09, Yaris '07-'08 (Opt.), Yaris '09, Scion xA '04-'06 (Opt.), Scion xD '08-'09, Lexus LS430 '01-'03, ES300 '02-'03, ES330 '04-'06 |- |} ===Grade=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles & Light Duty Trucks:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |RAV4 ('96-'05), Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), GX470 ('03-'09), LX470 ('98-'07), LX570 ('08-'09), Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |1 |T100 [Base model] ('96-'98), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander/Highlander Hybrid [Base model] ('08-'09), RAV4 Limited 2-row ('06-'09), FJ Cruiser ('07-'09), Venza ('09), Lexus RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09), RX400h ('06-'08) |- |2 |Previa DX ('96-'97), Tacoma [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('98-'00), Tacoma ('01-'09), T100 DX ('96-'98), Tundra [Base model] ('00-'09),<br> Sienna XLE ('04-'09), Sienna XLE Limited ('04-'05), Sienna Limited ('06-'09), Scion xB w/auto. trans. ('04-'06), RAV4 Sport 2-row ('06-'09),<br> Highlander Limited ('08-'09) |- |3 |Previa LE ('96-'97), Sienna LE, XLE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [US market] ('04-'09), Sienna LE ('04-'09), Scion xB w/man. trans. ('04-'06),<br> RAV4 [Base model, 2-row] ('06-'09), Highlander Sport ('08-'09) |- |4 |4Runner [Base model] ('96-'00), Tacoma SR5 ('96-'97), Tacoma Limited ('98-'00), T100 SR5 ('96-'98), Tundra SR5 ('00-'09), Sequoia SR5 ('01-'09),<br> 4Runner SR5, Sport ('03-'09), RAV4 Limited 3-row ('06-'09), Highlander Hybrid Limited ('08-'09) |- |5 |Land Cruiser ('96-'09), RAV4 [Base model, 3-row] ('06-'09) |- |6 |4Runner SR5 ('96-'02) |- |7 |4Runner Limited ('96-'09), Sequoia Platinum ('08-'09) |- |8 |Lexus LX450 ('96-'97), Tundra Limited ('00-'09), Sequoia Limited ('01-'09) |- |9 |Sienna CE ('98-'03), Sienna CE [Canadian market] ('04-'09) |} ===Vehicle Line=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-2009 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra |- |2 |Lexus IS300 |- |2 |Lexus IS250, IS350, IS F |- |3 |Echo / Yaris |- |4 |Scion xA / Scion xD |- |4 |Scion xB ('04-'06) |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Supra |- |A |Highlander |- |A |Sequoia |- |A |Venza |- |B |Avalon |- |C |Sienna |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix |- |E |Scion xB ('08-'09) |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |F |Lexus LS400 |- |F |Lexus LS430 |- |F |Lexus LS460, LS460L, LS600hL |- |G |Lexus ES300, ES330, ES350 |- |H |Paseo |- |J |Land Cruiser |- |J |Lexus LX450 |- |K |Camry |- |L |Tercel |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner |- |S |Lexus GS300, GS350 |- |S |Lexus GS430, GS460 |- |S |Lexus GS450h |- |T |Celica |- |U |Prius |- |U |Lexus RX300 |- |U |Lexus RX330, RX350, RX400h |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |Lexus LX470, LX570 |- |X |Lexus GS400 |- |X |Lexus GX470 |- |Y |RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |Y |Lexus SC400 |- |Y |Lexus SC430 |- |Z |Lexus SC300 |- |} ==VIN Format 1981-1995== For vehicles prior to model year 1996 for North America and 2002 for the rest of the world: '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |V |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |N |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |1 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |3 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |G ||[[#Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System|Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System]] |- |9 |3 |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |R |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |5 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |6 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |2 |- |14 |2 |- |15 |2 |- |16 |1 |- |17 |7 |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |3 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |J |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Model Designation|Model Designation]] |- |7 |4 |[[#Series (Grade)|Series (Grade)]] |- |8 |V ||[[#Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995|Body Type & Drive Wheels]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |- |1 |J |[[#Country of origin|Country of origin]] |- |2 |T |[[#Manufacturer (Japan/North America)|Manufacturer]] |- |3 |4 |[[#Vehicle Type|Vehicle Type]] |- |4 |R |[[#Engine Type 1981-1995|Engine Type]] |- |5 |D |[[#Vehicle Line 1981-1995|Vehicle Line]] |- |6 |8 |[[#Drivetrain Type|Drivetrain Type]] |- |7 |2 |[[#Cab Type & Chassis|Cab Type & Chassis]] |- |8 |P ||[[#Series (Grade) & Brake System|Series (Grade) & Brake System]] |- |9 |X |[[../../Check digit/]] |- |10 |P |[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Toyota/VIN Codes#Model year|Model year]] |- |11 |0 |[[#Plant|Plant]] |- |12 |1 |rowspan=6|Sequential number |- |13 |0 |- |14 |8 |- |15 |3 |- |16 |8 |- |17 |5 |} ===Engine Type 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3A-C engine. Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82), Tercel ('83-'86), Tercel wagon ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('83), Corolla Sport DX, SR5 ('84-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GELC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 ('85-'89), Corolla FX-16 ('87-'88). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GEC engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GZE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89) |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-GE engine. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha.<br> Toyota Corolla GT-S ('88-'91). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4A-F engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'89). |- | A || 1.6L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 4A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('88-'95), Celica ST ('90-'93). |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 7A-FE engine. Toyota Corolla ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FE engine. Toyota Previa ('91-'95). |- | A || 2.4L || I4 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2TZ-FZE engine. Toyota Previa S/C ('94-'95). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-LC engine. Toyota Corolla ('84-'85). |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 1C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('84-'85). |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2C-TLC engine. Toyota Camry ('86). |- | D || 4.5L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1FZ-FE engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('93-'95). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || 1-bbl carb. Toyota 3E engine. Toyota Tercel ('87-'90). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3E-E engine. Toyota Tercel ('90-'94). |- | E || 1.5L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5E-FE engine. Toyota Tercel ('95), Paseo ('92-'95). |- | F || 4.2L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || 2-bbl. Carb. Toyota 2F engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('81-'87). |- | F || 4.0L || I6 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3F-E engine. Toyota Land Cruiser ('88-'92). |- | G || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 1MZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('94-'95), Avalon ('95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2JZ-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('93-'95), Lexus SC300 ('92-'95), GS300 ('93-'95). |- | J || 3.0L || I6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Sequential twin turbo. Toyota 2JZ-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('93-'95). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 4K-C engine. Toyota Starlet ('81-'82). |- | K || 1.3L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4K-E engine. Toyota Starlet ('83-'84). |- | L || 2.2L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota L engine. Toyota Pickup ('81-'83). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L engine. Toyota Pickup ('84-'85). |- | L || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. Toyota 2L-T engine. Toyota Pickup ('85). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-E engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('81), Cressida ('81-'82). |- | M || 2.8L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 5M-GE engine. Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86), Cressida ('83-'88). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GE engine. Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92), Cressida ('89-'92). |- | M || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 7M-GTE engine. Toyota Supra Turbo ('87-'92). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 22R engine. Toyota Celica, Corona ('81-'82), Pickup ('81-'90), 4Runner ('84). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-E (EC for CA emissions version) engine.<br> Toyota Celica ('83-'85), Pickup ('84-'95), 4Runner ('85-'95). |- | R || 2.4L || I4 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 22R-TE (TEC for CA emissions version) engine. Toyota Pickup ('85-'88), 4Runner ('86-'87). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 2S-ELC engine. Toyota Camry ('83-'86), Celica ST/GT ('86). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GELC engine.<br> Toyota Celica GT-S ('86-'89). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3S-FE engine. Toyota Celica ST/GT ('87-'89), Camry ('87-'91). |- | S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. High-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha. Toyota 3S-GTE engine.<br> Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93), MR2 Turbo ('91-'95). |- | S || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 5S-FE engine. Toyota Celica GT/GT-S ('90-'93), Celica GT ('94-'95), MR2 ('91-'95), Camry ('92-'95). |- | T || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || 2-bbl carb. Toyota 3T-C engine. Toyota Corolla ('81-'82). |- | U || 4.0L || V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Toyota 1UZ-FE engine. Lexus LS400 ('90-'95), SC400 ('92-'95). |- | U || 2.4L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 2RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma 2wd ('95). |- | U || 2.7L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || MPI. Toyota 3RZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('94-'95). |- | V || 2.5L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 2VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6 ('88-'91), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-E engine. Toyota 4Runner, Pickup ('88-'95), T100 ('93-'94). |- | V || 3.0L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 3VZ-FE engine. Toyota Camry V6, Lexus ES300 ('92-'93). |- | V || 3.4L || V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. Toyota 5VZ-FE engine. Toyota Tacoma ('95), T100 ('95). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 3Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('84-'85). |- | Y || 2.2L || I4 || Gas || OHV,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. Toyota 4Y-EC engine. Toyota Van ('86-'89). |} ===Vehicle Line 1981-1995=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |Celica rwd ('81-'85) |- |A |Celica Supra ('81-'86) |- |A |Supra ('86 1/2-'95) |- |B |Avalon ('95) |- |C |Previa ('91-'95) |- |D |T100 ('93-'95) |- |E |Corolla ('81-'95) |- |F |Lexus LS400 ('90-'95) |- |J |Land Cruiser ('81-'95) |- |K |Camry ('92-'95) |- |K |Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |L |Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) |- |L |Tercel ('83-'95) |- |L |Paseo ('92-'95) |- |N |Pickup (compact pickup & chassis cab '81-'95) |- |N |Tacoma ('95 1/2) |- |N |4Runner ('84-'95) |- |P |Starlet ('81-'84) |- |R |Van ('84-'89) |- |S |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |T |Corona ('81-'82) |- |T |Celica fwd or awd ('86-'95) |- |V |Camry ('83-'91) |- |V |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |- |W |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95) |- |X |Cressida ('81-'92) |- |Z |Lexus SC300, SC400 ('92-'95) |- |} ===Model Designation=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Corolla - 4-door w/1.6L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''1L, 4-door or wagon w/1.8L engine ('93-'95): AE1'''0'''2L |- |0 |Toyota Celica - ST w/1.8L 7A-FE engine ('94-'95): AT2'''0'''0L, GT w/2.2L 5S-FE engine ('94-'95): ST2'''0'''4L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - Gas I4 ('83-'86): SV'''1'''1L, 1.8L Turbodiesel I4 [1C-TLC] ('84-'85): CV'''1'''0L, 2.0L Turbodiesel I4 [2C-TLC] ('86): CV'''1'''1L |- |1 |Toyota MR2 ('85-'89) AW'''1'''1L |- |1 |Lexus LS400 ('90-'94) UCF'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Camry - I4 ('92-'95): SXV'''1'''0L, V6 w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, V6 w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Lexus ES300 - w/3VZ-FE engine ('92-'93): VCV'''1'''0L, w/1MZ-FE engine ('94-'95): MCV'''1'''0L |- |1 |Toyota Avalon ('95) MCX'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Corolla Tercel ('81-'82) AL12L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |2 |Toyota Camry sedan - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1L, I4 All-Trac 4WD ('88-'91): SV'''2'''5L, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota Camry wagon - I4 2WD ('87-'91): SV'''2'''1LG, V6 ('88-'91): VZV'''2'''1LG |- |2 |Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) VZV'''2'''1L |- |2 |Toyota MR2 ('91-'95) Base model w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: SW'''2'''1L, Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: SW'''2'''0L |- |2 |Lexus LS400 ('95) UCF'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Corona ('81-'82) RT1'''3'''5L |- |3 |Toyota Tercel hatchback ('83-'86) AL21L (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel wagon - 2wd: ('84-'87) AL21LG, 4wd: ('83-'88) AL25LG (does not follow the system used by all other models) |- |3 |Toyota Tercel coupe & hatchback ('87-'90) EL'''3'''1L |- |3 |Lexus SC300 ('92-'95) JZZ'''3'''1L, SC400 ('92-'95) UZZ'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Celica ('81) RA'''4'''3L |- |4 |Toyota Celica Supra ('81) MA'''4'''7L |- |4 |Toyota Tercel ('91-'94) EL'''4'''2L |- |4 |Toyota Paseo ('92-'95) EL'''4'''4L |- |4 |Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) JZS1'''4'''7L |- |5 |Toyota Tercel ('95) EL'''5'''3L |- |6 |Toyota Starlet ('81-'84) KP'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Cressida - sedan w/solid (live) rear axle ('81-'82): MX'''6'''2L, sedan w/IRS ('83-'84): MX'''6'''3L, wagon ('81-'84): MX'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/22R engine ('82): RA'''6'''4L, ST & GT w/22R-E/EC engine & solid (live) rear axle ('83-'85): RA'''6'''4L,<br> GT-S w/22R-E/EC engine & IRS ('83-'85): RA'''6'''5L |- |6 |Toyota Celica Supra ('82-'86) MA'''6'''1L |- |6 |Toyota Celica - ST & GT w/2S-ELC engine ('86): ST1'''6'''1L, ST & GT w/3S-FE engine ('87-'89): ST1'''6'''2L, GT-S w/3S-GELC engine ('86-'89): ST1'''6'''2L,<br> All-Trac Turbo w/3S-GTE engine ('88): ST1'''6'''5L |- |7 |Toyota Corolla - w/1.8L OHV 3T-C engine ('81-'82): TE'''7'''2L, w/1.6L SOHC 4A-C engine ('83): AE'''7'''1L |- |7 |Toyota Cressida - sedan ('85-'88): MX'''7'''3L, wagon ('85-'87): MX'''7'''2LG |- |7 |Toyota Supra ('86 1/2-'92) MA'''7'''0L |- |8 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd, gas-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Fwd, diesel-powered 4-door sedan & 5-door hatchback ('84-'85): CE'''8'''0L, Corolla FX/FX-16 Fwd 3-door hatchback ('87-'88): AE'''8'''2L,<br> Corolla Sport - Rwd, gas-powered 2-door coupe & 3-door hatchback ('84-'87): AE'''8'''6L |- |8 |Toyota Cressida ('89-'92) MX'''8'''3L |- |8 |Toyota Celica ('90-'93) - ST w/1.6L 4A-FE engine: AT1'''8'''0L, GT & GT-S w/2.2L 5S-FE engine: ST1'''8'''4L, All-Trac Turbo w/2.0L 3S-GTE engine: ST1'''8'''5L |- |8 |Toyota Supra ('93-'95) JZA'''8'''0L |- |9 |Toyota Corolla - Fwd 2-door coupe, 4-door sedan, & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''2L, All-Trac 4wd 4-door sedan ('89-'90) & wagon ('88-'92): AE'''9'''5L |} IRS=Independent Rear Suspension '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1981-1995 for North America) |+Based on the Chassis code given for the car !Code !Description |- |1 |Toyota Previa 2wd ('91-'95) TCR'''1'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Van - w/2.0L 3Y-EC engine ('84-'85): YR'''2'''1LG, w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 2wd ('86-'89): YR'''2'''2LG |- |2 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 2wd ('90-'91): RN1'''2'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 2wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''2'''0L |- |2 |Toyota Previa All-Trac 4wd ('91-'95) TCR'''2'''0L |- |3 |Toyota Van w/2.2L 4Y-EC engine & 4wd ('87-'89): YR'''3'''1LG |- |3 |Toyota 4Runner - w/2.4L 22R-E I4 & 4wd ('90-'95): RN1'''3'''0L, w/3.0L 3VZ-E V6 & 4wd ('90-'95): VZN1'''3'''0L |- |4 |Toyota Land Cruiser 40 Series 2-door Hardtop ('81-'83) FJ'''4'''0LV |- |6 |Toyota Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - w/2F engine: FJ'''6'''0LG ('81-'87), w/3F-E engine ('88-'90): FJ'''6'''2LG |- |6 |Toyota 4Runner 4wd - I4: RN'''6'''0LG ('84-'85), RN'''6'''1LG ('86-'89), V6 ('88-'89): VZN'''6'''1LG |- |8 |Toyota Land Cruiser - w/3F-E engine ('91-'92): FJ'''8'''0L, w/1FZ-FE engine ('93-'95) FZJ'''8'''0L |- |} ===Drivetrain Type=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |4wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95) |- |0 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '95 |- |1 |4wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95) |- |1 |2wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |4wd (T100 '93-'95) |- |2 |2wd (Cargo Van) '84-'89 |- |3 |4wd (Cargo Van) '87-'89 |- |4 |2wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |5 |2wd (Pickup, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version) '84-'88 |- |5 |2wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |6 |4wd (Pickup '84-'88, 4Runner - truck version '84-'89, Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |6 |4wd (Tacoma Regular Cab '95) |- |6 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '84-'85, '87-'89 |- |7 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab - Extra LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |2wd (Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '86-'88) |- |7 |4wd (Tacoma Xtracab '95) |- |8 |2wd (Celica convertible) [incomplete vehicle] '91-'93 |- |8 |2wd (Pickup Regular Cab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - LWB version '89-'93) |- |9 |2wd (Pickup Xtracab '89-'95, Chassis Cab Pickup - Super LWB version '89-'93) |} LWB=Long Wheelbase ===Series (Grade)=== '''Passenger Cars:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Supra [base model] ('86 1/2-'92), Corolla LE ('93-'95), Celica ST ('94-'95), Avalon XL ('95) Lexus SC400 ('92-'95) |- |1 |Starlet ('81-'84), Corolla Tercel [base model] ('81-'82), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d/4-d ('82), Tercel [base model] ('83-'89), Tercel EZ ('87),<br> Tercel [base model w/carbureted engine] ('90), Corolla [base model] ('81-'83), Camry [base model] ('87), Camry DX ('87-'95), Supra Turbo ('87-'92),<br> Corolla [base model] ('90-'92), MR2 [base model] ('91-'95), Supra [base model] ('93-'95), Avalon XLS ('95), Lexus LS400 ('90-'94), SC300 ('92-'95) |- |2 |Corolla Tercel Deluxe 2-d ('81), Corolla Tercel Deluxe 3-d ('81-'82), Tercel Deluxe ('83-'89), Tercel Deluxe w/carbureted engine ('90), Corolla DX ('81-'83),<br> Corolla SR5 ('83), Corolla DX 4-d sedan/5-d hatch ('84-'87), Corolla FX ('87-'88), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('88-'89), Corona Deluxe ('81-'82),<br> Cressida ('81-'82), Cressida wagon ('83-'87), Camry DX ('83-'85), Camry DX w/gasoline engine ('86), Camry LE ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('87-'89),<br> MR2 Turbo ('91-'95), Supra Turbo ('93-'95), Lexus ES250 ('90-'91), LS400 ('95) |- |3 |Celica ST ('81-'86), Cressida sedan ('83-'92), Corolla LE ('84-'89), Camry DX turbodiesel ('86), Tercel [base model w/fuel injected engine] ('90),<br> Tercel DX ('91-'94), Camry XLE ('92-'95), Lexus ES300 ('92-'95) |- |4 |Celica GT ('81-'86), Corolla LE Limited ('85-'86), Camry [base model] ('88-'91), Corolla DX All-Trac wagon ('88-'92), Corolla DX All-Trac sedan ('89-'90), Corolla DX fwd 4-d sedan/wagon ('90-'92), Tercel Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('90), Tercel LE ('91-'93), Camry SE ('92-'95), Corolla [base model] ('93-'95) |- |5 |Corolla SR5 ('81-'82), Corolla Sport [DX] ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('88-'89), Celica GT-S ('83-'93), Tercel SR5 ('83-'88), MR2 [base model] ('85-'89),<br> Paseo ('92-'95), Tercel [base model] ('95) |- |6 |Corona Luxury Edition ('81-'82), Camry LE ('83-'86), Corolla Sport SR5 ('84-'87), Corolla SR5 All-Trac wagon ('88-'90), Corolla SR5 Coupe ('90-'91),<br> Celica ST ('87-'93), MR2 Supercharged ('88-'89), Tercel EZ ('88-'90), Tercel [base model] ('91-'94), Tercel DX ('95) |- |7 |Celica Supra ('81-'86), Corolla FX16 ('87-'88), Celica GT coupe/liftback ('87-'95), Celica GT convertible ('91-'93, '95), Corolla LE ('90-'92),<br> Lexus GS300 ('93-'95) |- |8 |Corolla Sport GT-S ('85-'87), Corolla GT-S Coupe ('88-'91), Celica All-Trac Turbo ('88, '90-'93) |- |9 |Corolla FX16 GT-S ('87-'88), Corolla DX ('93-'95) |} '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1981-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 |Land Cruiser 40 Series ('81-'83), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('81-'87), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('91-'92) |- |1 |Previa DX ('91-'95), Land Cruiser 80 Series ('93-'95) |- |2 |Van Deluxe ('84-'89), 4Runner Deluxe ('85), Land Cruiser 60 Series ('88-'90), Previa LE ('91-'95) |- |3 |4Runner Deluxe ('86, '88-'89), Previa DX S/C ('95) |- |4 |4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('86-'87, '89), Previa LE S/C ('94-'95) |- |5 |4Runner SR5 ('84-'85) |- |6 |Van LE ('84-'89), 4Runner SR5 V6 ('88-'89) |- |7 |4Runner SR5 Turbo ('86-'87), 4Runner SR5 [4-cyl.] ('90-'95) |- |9 |4Runner SR5 V6 ('90-'95) |} ===Cab Type & Chassis=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1984-1995 for North America) !Code !Description |- |0 (when following 5 or 6 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |0 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in.] (Pickup '86-'88) |- |0 |Wagon [4DR], long wheelbase (Land Cruiser - truck version '87) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (T100 '93-'94) |- |0 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, 4-cyl. (T100 '95) |- |1 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '84-'85) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase [103 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |1 |2DR pickup, regular cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |2 |Wagon [2DR], short wheelbase (4Runner - truck version '86-'89) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |2 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS, V6 (T100 '95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, regular cab, short wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, extra long wheelbase [121.5 in. for 4x2, 121.9 in. for 4x4], IFS (Pickup '89-'95) |- |3 |2DR pickup, extended cab, IFS (Tacoma '95) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |4 |Panel van, 4-link rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 4wd '87-'89) |- |4 |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.], IFS (Chassis Cab Pickup '89-'93) |- |5 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 5 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '84-'88) |- |5 (when following 7 in 6th pos. of VIN) |2DR pickup, regular cab, super long wheelbase [137 in.] (Chassis Cab Pickup '86-'88) |- |6 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase [112.2 in.] (Pickup '84-'88) |- |7 |Van (Cargo Van '84-'85) |- |7 |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, IFS (Pickup '86-'88) |- |8 |2DR pickup, regular cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |8 |Panel van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Panel Van 2wd '86-'89) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is R) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbo gas engine (Pickup '85-'86) |- |9 (4th position of VIN is L) |2DR pickup, extended cab, long wheelbase, turbodiesel engine (Pickup '85) |- |9 |Glass van, leaf spring rear suspension (Cargo Window Van '86-'89) |} IFS= Independent Front Suspension ===Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Restraint System=== '''Passenger Cars''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type, Drive Wheels, & Application !Restraint System |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '81-'89, MR2 '85-'89) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Sport Coupe '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |C |3DR hatchback (Corolla Sport '84-'86 & in Canada '87) |Manual Belts |- |C |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |D |2DR coupe (Tercel '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Corolla '81-'89, Corona '81-'82, Camry '83-'86) |Manual Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '89) |Manual Belts |- |G |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd <br>(Starlet '81-'84, Corolla Tercel '81-'82, Tercel '83-'89, Tercel EZ '89 [some],<br> Corolla FX/FX16 '87-'88) |Manual Belts |- |H |5DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Camry '83-'86, Tercel '83-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |J |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] (MR2 '87-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '81-'89, Celica Supra '81-'86, Supra '86 1/2-'89) |Manual Belts |- |L |3DR hatchback 2wd (Corolla Liftback '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |L |5DR hatchback 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '88) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR hardtop (Corolla [Sports] Hardtop '81-'83) |Manual Belts |- |S |2DR coupe (Corolla Sport '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Tercel '84-'87) |Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Corona '81-'82, Corolla '81-'83, '88-'89) |Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 4wd (Tercel '83-'88) |Manual Belts |- |Z |3DR hatchback (liftback) 2wd (Tercel EZ '88 [all], '89 [some]) |Manual Belts |- |A |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '90-'92, Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |B |2DR sedan (Tercel '91-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Cressida '81-'92, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |F |2DR coupe (Tercel '90, Paseo '92) |Automatic Belts |- |F |4DR sedan 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90) |Automatic Belts |- |J |4DR sedan 4wd (Camry All-Trac '88-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |J |2DR Sport Coupe 2wd (Corolla '90-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |K |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |M |3DR liftback (Tercel '90) |Automatic Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 4wd (Corolla All-Trac '90-'92) |Automatic Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Cressida '81-'87, Camry '87-'91) |Automatic Belts |- |S |2DR sedan (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |T |4DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '93-'94) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |U |2DR coupe (Paseo '93-'95) |Driver-side airbag & Manual Belt,<br> Front Passenger: Automatic Shoulder Belt, Manual Lap Belt |- |C |2DR coupe (Lexus SC300/SC400 '92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '90-'92, Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |M |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '91-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '90-'92) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |P |3DR liftback 4wd (Celica All-Trac Turbo '90-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES250 '90-'91, ES300 '92-'93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '92-'93, Corolla '93) |Driver-side airbag, Manual Belts |- |B |4DR sedan 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |C |2DR coupe 2wd (Lexus SC300/SC400 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |D |2DR sedan 2wd (Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |E |4DR sedan 2wd (Lexus LS400 '93-'95, GS300 '93-'95, Camry '94-'95, Avalon '95, Tercel '95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |F |2DR coupe 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |J |3DR liftback w/Sport roof [lift-out roof panel] 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |L |3DR liftback 2wd (Supra '93-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |M |2DR coupe 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |3DR liftback 2wd (Celica '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |N |2DR coupe w/T-bar roof [T-top] 2wd (MR2 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |T |4DR hardtop 2wd (Lexus ES300 '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |V |5DR wagon 2wd (Corolla '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |W |5DR wagon 2wd (Camry '94-'95) |Dual front airbags, Manual Belts |- |} '''Incomplete Passenger Cars - Body Type & Brake System''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Body Type & Application !Brake System |- |K |2DR convertible (Celica '84-'85, '87-'89, '91-'93, '95) |Hydraulic Brakes |} ===Body Type & Drive Wheels 1981-1995=== '''Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles''' {{center|'''Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America)'''}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !VIN Code !Description |- |C |Hardtop [2DR] ('81-'83 Land Cruiser 40 Series) |- |G |Wagon [4DR] ('81-'90 Land Cruiser 60 Series) |- |J |2DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'91 4Runner) |- |R |4DR Wagon 2WD ('91-'95 Previa) |- |S |4DR Wagon 4WD ('91-'95 Previa All-Trac) |- |V |Van ('84-'85 Van) |- |V |4DR Wagon 2WD ('90-'95 4Runner) |- |W |Wagon ('84-'89 4Runner, '86-'89 Van) |- |W |4DR Wagon 4WD ('90-'95 4Runner, '91-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |} ===Series (Grade) & Brake System=== '''Light Duty Trucks & Incomplete Vehicles:''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1981-1995 for North America) |+'''All have hydraulic brakes.''' !VIN Code !Description |- |A |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('88, '90-'95), T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('93), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('94) |- |B |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] Turbo ('86-'87), T100 [base model] One Ton ('93), T100 DX One Ton ('94), Tacoma [base model] 2.4L 2wd ('95) |- |C |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] V6 ('88), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('93-'94), Tacoma [base model] 2.7L 4wd ('95) |- |D |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/carbureted gas engine ('84-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/diesel engine ('84-'85),<br> Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('91-'95), 4Runner - truck version [base model] ('84-'86), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe ('87-'89),<br> T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton 4-cyl. ('94-'95) |- |E |Pickup 3/4 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'84), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [fuel injection] ('85-'88), T100 DX 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |F |Tacoma V6 [base model] ('95), T100 SR5 1/2 Ton ('95) |- |G |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 Turbo ('85-'88), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('89-'95), T100 DX One Ton ('95) |- |H |T100 [base model] 1/2 Ton V6 ('95) |- |K |Tacoma SR5 V6 ('95) |- |M |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 V6 ('88), 4Runner - truck version SR5 V6 ('88) |- |N |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe V6 ('88), Pickup 1 Ton [base model] [V6] ('89-'92), 4Runner - truck version Deluxe V6 ('89) |- |P |Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), Pickup 1/2 Ton Deluxe 4-cyl. ('91-'95) |- |R |Pickup 1/2 Ton [base model] [carburetor] ('81-'90), Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [carburetor] ('81-'84),<br> Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/single rear wheels [fuel injection] ('85-'90) |- |S |Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 ('81-'83), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 2wd w/fuel injected engine ('84), Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 4wd w/carbureted engine ('84),<br> Pickup 1/2 Ton SR5 w/fuel injected engine ('85-'90), 4Runner - truck version SR5 [4-cyl.] ('87-'88) |- |T |Pickup - Commercial Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'93) |- |U |Pickup - Camper Chassis Cab w/dual rear wheels [fuel injection] ('86-'88) |- |V |Van [Cargo van version] ('84-'89), Land Cruiser 60 Series 4-door Wagon - truck version ('87) |- |} ==VIN positions== ===Country of origin=== Position 1 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |1 |USA |- |2 |Canada |- |3 |Mexico |- |4 |USA |- |5 |USA |- |6 |Australia |- |7 (7A-7E) |New Zealand |- |7 (7F-70) |USA |- |8 (8A-8E) |Argentina |- |9 (9A-9E, 93-99) |Brazil |- |A (AA-AH) |South Africa |- |J |Japan |- |K |South Korea |- |L |China |- |M (MA-ME, MY-M0) |India |- |M (MF-MK) |Indonesia |- |M (ML-MR) |Thailand |- |N (NL-NR) |Turkey |- |P (PA-PE) |Philippines |- |P (PL-PR) |Malaysia |- |R (RF-RK) |Taiwan |- |R (RL-RP) |Vietnam |- |S (SA-SM) |United Kingdom |- |T (TW-T2) |Portugal |- |V (VF-VR) |France |- |W |Germany |- |X (XS-XW, XZ-X0) |Russia |- |Y (YA-YE) |Belgium |} Second letter or number in parentheses is from position 2 of VIN. The characters in parentheses represent the range assigned to that particular country. ===Manufacturer (Japan/North America)=== Position 2 {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |F |Fuji Heavy Industries LTD |- |G |GM |- |M |Mazda (Mexico) |- |M |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |- |N |NUMMI (Toyota car) |- |T |NUMMI (Toyota truck) |- |T |Toyota |- |Y |Toyota (Mississippi, USA) |- |8 |Toyota (Lexus - Kentucky, USA) |} ===Vehicle Type=== {{center|Position 3-Japan built models}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Code !Description |- |D,K,N,X,1,2,7 |Passenger Car |- |A,B,F,4 |Truck |- |G |Bus |- |E,L,M,3 |Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) |- |5 |Incomplete Vehicle (typically a convertible) |} ===Body=== {{center|Position 4 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world, may be incorrect for most recent ones)}} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+ !Code !Description |- |A |2DR Sedan 2WD |- |B |4DR Sedan 2WD / Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |C |2DR Coupe 2WD |- |D |3DR Liftback Coupe 2WD (Celica, Supra) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |E |4DR Station Wagon 2WD (Corolla, Camry) / MPV, Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |F |2DR Convertible 2WD |- |G |4DR Wagon 2WD |- |H |4DR Wagon 4WD |- |J |3DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris) / 5DR Van AWD / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |K |5DR Liftback 2WD (Yaris, Prius) / 5DR Wagon 2WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 2WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |L |5DR Wagon 4WD (Matrix) / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Long Bed, Small Frame |- |M |5DR Door Van 2WD / Double Cab Truck, 4WD, Extra Long Bed, Small Frame |- |N |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 2WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |P |Standard Cab 1/2 Ton Truck, 4WD, Short Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |R |Standard Cab Truck, 4WD, Standard Bed, Full-Size Frame |- |S |3DR Liftback 4WD |- |T |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 2WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |U |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame |- |W |Extra Cab/Access Pickup, 4WD, Long Bed Small Frame TRD |- |X |5DR Sport Utility Wagon |- |Y |Sport Van |- |Z |5DR Wagon 2WD |} ===Engine=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 4 (before 1996 for North America) !Code !Description |- |A |3A-C 1.5L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla Tercel, '83-'86 Tercel, '87-'88 Tercel wagon) |- |A |4A-C 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('83 Corolla, '84-'87 Corolla Sport DX, SR5) |- |A |4A-LC 1.6L SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('84-'87 Corolla, '87-'88 Corolla FX) |- |A |4A-GEC 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'87 Corolla Sport GT-S) |- |A |4A-GE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'91 Corolla GT-S) |- |A |4A-F 1.6L DOHC, 16V carb. I4 ('88-'89 Corolla) |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L DOHC, 16V EFI I4 ('88-'95 Corolla, '90-'93 Celica ST) |- |A |4A-GELC 1.6L DOHC, 16V I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('85-'89 MR2, '87-'88 Corolla FX16) |- |A |4A-GZE 1.6L DOHC, 16V Supercharged, IC I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('88-'89 MR2 Supercharged) |- |A |7A-FE 1.8L DOHC, 16V I4 ('93-'95 Corolla, '94-'95 Celica ST) |- |A |2TZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('91-'95 Previa) |- |A |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('94-'95 Previa S/C) |- |C |1C-LC 1.8L diesel indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Corolla) |- |C |1C-TLC 1.8L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Camry) |- |C |2C-TLC 2.0L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('86 Camry) |- |D |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('93-'95 Land Cruiser) |- |E |3E 1.5L SOHC, 12V carb. I4 ('87-'90 Tercel) |- |E |3E-E 1.5L SOHC, 12V EFI I4 ('90-'94 Tercel) |- |E |5E-FE 1.5L DOHC, 16V I4 ('95 Tercel, '92-'95 Paseo) |- |F |2F 4.2L 2-bbl. Carb. OHV I6 ('81-'87 Land Cruiser) |- |F |3F-E 4.0L EFI OHV I6 ('88-'92 Land Cruiser) |- |G |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('94-'95 Camry V6, Lexus ES300, '95 Avalon) |- |J |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('93-'95 Supra, '93-'95 Lexus GS300, '92-'95 SC300) |- |J |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('93-'95 Supra Turbo) |- |K |4K-C 1.3L Carb. OHV I4 ('81-'82 Starlet) |- |K |4K-E 1.3L EFI OHV I4 ('83-'84 Starlet) |- |L |L 2.2L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('81-'83 Pickup) |- |L |2L 2.4L diesel Indirect injection I4 ('84-'85 Pickup) |- |L |2L-T 2.4L turbodiesel Indirect injection I4 ('85 Pickup) |- |M |5M-E 2.8L SOHC, 12V I6 ('81 Celica Supra, '81-'82 Cressida) |- |M |5M-GE 2.8L DOHC, 12V I6 ('82-'86 Celica Supra, '83-'88 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GE 3.0L DOHC, 24V I6 ('86 1/2-'92 Supra, '89-'92 Cressida) |- |M |7M-GTE 3.0L DOHC, 24V turbo IC I6 ('87-'92 Supra Turbo) |- |R |22R 2.4L 2-bbl SOHC, 8V Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Celica, Corona, '81-'90 Pickup, '84 4Runner) |- |R |22R-E/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('83-'85 Celica, '84-'95 Pickup, '85-'95 4Runner) |- |R |22R-TE/EC 2.4L SOHC, 8V EFI Turbo I4 (EC has CA emissions) ('85-'88 Pickup, '86-'87 4Runner) |- |S |2S-ELC 2.0L I4 ('83-'86 Camry, '86 Celica ST/GT) |- |S |3S-GELC 2.0L I4 w/high-performance cylinder head developed by Yamaha ('86-'89 Celica GT-S) |- |S |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('87-'89 Celica ST/GT, '87-'91 Camry) |- |S |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('90-'93 Celica GT/GT-S, '94-'95 Celica GT, '91-'95 MR2, '92-'95 Camry) |- |S |3S-GTE 2.0L Turbo, IC I4 ('88, '90-'93 Celica All-Trac Turbo, '91-'95 MR2 Turbo) |- |T |3T-C 1.8L OHV Carb. I4 ('81-'82 Corolla) |- |U |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('90-'95 LS400, '92-'95 SC400) |- |U |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('95 Tacoma) |- |U |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('94-'95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |V |2VZ-FE 2.5L DOHC, 24V V6 ('88-'91 Camry V6, '90-'91 Lexus ES250) |- |V |3VZ-E 3.0L SOHC, 12V V6 ('88-'95 4Runner, Pickup, '93-'94 T100) |- |V |3VZ-FE 3.0L DOHC, 24V V6 ('92-'93 Camry V6, Lexus ES300) |- |V |5VZ-FE 3.4L DOHC, 24V V6 ('95 T100, '95 Tacoma) |- |Y |3Y-EC 2.0L EFI OHV I4 ('84-'85 Van) |- |Y |4Y-EC 2.2L EFI OHV I4 ('86-'89 Van) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 5 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |4A-FE 1.6L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla) |- |A |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'06 Camry SE V6, Sienna, Lexus ES330, RX330, '04-'08 Camry Solara) |- |A |2ZR-FXE + 1NM (Prius 2wd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('16 Prius) |- |B |7A-FE 1.8L I4 ('96-'97 Corolla, Celica ST) |- |B |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('04-'09 Prius) |- |B |2AZ-FXE + 2JM 2.4L Atkinson cycle I4 Hybrid ('07-'09 Camry Hybrid) |- |C |5E-FE 1.5L I4 ('96-'98 & '99 in Canada Tercel, '96-'97 & '98-'99 in Canada Paseo) |- |C |2GR-FSE + 1KM 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 Hybrid ('07-'09 Lexus GS450h) |- |D |2JZ-GE 3.0L I6 ('96-'98 Supra, '96-'05 Lexus GS300, '96-'00 SC300, '01-'05 IS300) |- |D |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('01-'07 Highlander, '04-'08 RAV4) |- |E |2JZ-GTE 3.0L Twin Turbo, IC I6 ('96-'98 Supra Turbo) |- |E |2AZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('02-'09 Camry, '02-'08 Camry Solara, '05-'09 Scion tC, '08-'09 Scion xB, '09 Corolla XRS, Matrix S, XRS) |- |E |2GR-FSE 3.5L Dual VVT-i D-4S V6 ('06-'09 IS350, '07-'09 Lexus GS350) |- |E |1AR-FE 2.7L I4 ('09 Venza, Highlander) |- |F |1MZ-FE 3.0L V6 ('96-'04 Camry V6, '96-'04 Avalon, '96-'03 Lexus ES300, '98-'03 Sienna, '99-'03 Camry Solara, '99-'03 Lexus RX300, '01-'03 Highlander) |- |F |2AR-FE 2.5L I4 ('09 RAV4) |- |G |5S-FE 2.2L I4 ('96-'99 Celica GT, '96-'01 Camry, '99-'01 Camry Solara) |- |H |1AZ-FE 2.0L I4 ('01-'03 RAV4) |- |H |3GR-FSE 3.0L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06 Lexus GS300) |- |H |1UZ-FE 4.0L V8 ('98-'00 GS400, '96-'00 LS400, '96-'00 SC400) |- |J |1NR-FE 1.3L I4 ('12-'15 Scion iQ) |- |J |1FZ-FE 4.5L I6 ('96-'97 Land Cruiser, '96-'97 LX450) |- |J |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('07-'09 Lexus ES350) |- |K |2TZ-FZE 2.4L Supercharged, IC I4 ('96-'97 Previa S/C) |- |K |1NZ-FXE 1.5L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('01-'03 Prius) |- |K |4GR-FSE 2.5L Dual VVT-i Direct Inj. V6 ('06-'09 IS250) |- |K |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('05-'09 Avalon, '06-'09 RAV4, '07-'09 Camry V6, Sienna, Lexus RX350, '09 Venza) |- |L |2RZ-FE 2.4L I4 ('96-'04 Tacoma) |- |L |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('01-'05 GS430) |- |L |1UR-FSE 4.6L VVT-iE V8 ('08-'09 GS460, '07-'09 LS460) |- |L |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For Japanese-built '09 Corolla) |- |M |3RZ-FE 2.7L I4 ('96-'98 T100, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'00 4Runner) |- |N |5S-FNE (CNG 2.2L I4) ('00-'01 Camry) |- |N |3UZ-FE 4.3L V8 ('06-'07 GS430, '01-'06 LS430, '02-'09 SC430) |- |N |5VZ-FE 3.4L V6 ('96-'02 4Runner, '96-'04 Tacoma, '96-'98 T100, '00-'04 Tundra) |- |N |2ZR-FXE Hybrid 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid ('10-'15 Prius) |- |P |3S-FE 2.0L I4 ('96-'00 RAV4) |- |P |3MZ-FE 3.3L V6 ('04-'07 Highlander) |- |P |2UR-GSE 5.0L V8 ('08-'09 Lexus IS F) |- |R |1ZZ-FE 1.8L VVT-i I4 ('98-'08 Corolla, '00-'05 Celica GT, '00-'05 MR2 Spyder, '03-'08 Matrix) |- |S |2GR-FE 3.5L Dual VVT-i V6 ('08-'09 Highlander) |- |T |1NZ-FE 1.5L I4 ('00-'05 Echo, '04-'06 Scion xA, xB, '07-'09 Yaris) |- |T |2UZ-FE 4.7L V8 ('98-'07 Land Cruiser, '00-'09 Tundra, '01-'09 Sequoia, '03-'09 4Runner, '03-'09 Lexus GX470, '98-'07 LX470) |- |U |1GR-FE 4.0L VVT-i V6 ('03-'09 4Runner, '05-'09 Tacoma, '05-'09 Tundra, '07-'09 FJ Cruiser) |- |U |2ZR-FE 1.8L Dual VVT-i I4 (For US- & Canadian-built '09 Corolla, Matrix but also for '08-'09 Scion XD) |- |U |2UR-FSE + 1KM 5.0L VVT-iE D4S V8 Hybrid ('08-'09 LS600hL) |- |V |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('07-'09 Tundra) |- |W |3MZ-FE + 1JM, 2FM 3.3L V6 Hybrid ('06-'09 Highlander Hybrid, '06-'08 RX400h) |- |W |3UR-FBE 5.7L Dual VVT-i Flex-Fuel V8 Gas/E85 ('09 Tundra) |- |X |2TR-FE 2.7L I4 ('05-'09 Tacoma) |- |Y |2ZZ-GE 1.8L VVTL-i I4 ('00-'05 Celica GT-S, '03-'06 Matrix XRS, '05-'06 Corolla XRS) |- |Y |3UR-FE 5.7L Dual VVT-i V8 ('08-'09 Land Cruiser, Sequoia, '08-'09 LX570) |- |Z |2GR-FKS 3.5L V6 '15+ |- |9 |2ZR-FXE + 1NM + 1MM (Prius Awd) 1.8L Atkinson cycle VVT-i I4 Hybrid |- | |- | |- |L |Electric M7M5 -- RAV4 EV '12-'14 |- |S |Electric 1BM -- RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Non-North American Engines |+Position 5 (2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |A |2AD-FTV (2005+) |- |B |1HZ, 1HD |- |B |2AD-FHV (2005+) |- |C |2C, 2CT, 2CT-E |- |J |1AZ-FSE |- |L |2SZ-FE |- |P |2AZ-FSE |- |V |1VD-FTV |- |W |1CD-FTV |- |W |2NZ-FE |- |Z |1ZZ-FE |- |Z |3ZZ-FE |} ===Series=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 6 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) Based on the Chassis code given for the car. !Code !Description |- |0 |Toyota Land Cruiser J1'''0'''0/J1'''0'''5 |- |2 |Toyota Land Cruiser Prado J1'''2'''0 |- |} ===Restraint=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 7 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Manual Belt / 1 STD (North America), No Airbags (International) |- |2 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 1 Airbag (Driver Seat) (International) |- |3 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags (North America), 2 Front Airbags (International) |- |6 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |7 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |- |8 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags and Side Airbags |- |9 |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Front Curtain Airbags. |- |D |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Three-Row Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, and Knee Airbag |- |F |Manual Belts w/2 Airbags, Side Airbags, Side Curtain Shield Airbags, and Knee Airbag (Driver Seat) |} ===Model/Platform=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 8 (1996-present for North America, 2002-present for the rest of the world) !Code !Description |- |0 |MR2 / MR2 Spyder |- |1 |Tundra / Tundra |- |3 |Echo / Yaris Verso |- |4 |Yaris / Scion xA / Scion xB / Scion xD / Urban Cruiser |- |6 |Hilux |- |7 |Scion tC |- |A |Highlander / Sequoia / Celica RWD / Supra |- |B |Avalon / Avensis Verso / Ipsum? |- |C |Sienna / Previa / Aygo |- |D |T100 |- |E |Corolla / Matrix / Auris |- |F |FJ Cruiser |- |G |Hilux / Fortuner |- |H |Highlander |- |J |Land Cruiser / Land Cruiser Prado |- |K |Camry / Aurion (TRD) |- |L |Tercel / Paseo / Avensis |- |M |Previa |- |N |Tacoma and older trucks as well |- |P |Camry Solara |- |R |4Runner / Corolla Verso |- |S |Fortuner |- |T |Celica FWD |- |U |Prius |- |V |RAV4 |- |W |MR2 (non-spyder models) |- |X |Cressida |- |} === '''Check-digit''' <ref>https://vincheck.info/free-vin-decoder/free-toyota-vin-decoder</ref> === {{center|Position 9 (Check-digit that identifies the VIN as being authorized by the manufacturer).}} === Model year === {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;width:30em;" |+Position 10 (International-market vehicles may have a 0 in this position) ! Code ! Year |- |L |1990 |- |M |1991 |- |N |1992 |- |P |1993 |- |R |1994 |- |S |1995 |- |T |1996 |- |V |1997 |- |W |1998 |- |X |1999 |- |Y |2000 |- |1 |2001 |- |2 |2002 |- |3 |2003 |- |4 |2004 |- |5 |2005 |- |6 |2006 |- |7 |2007 |- |8 |2008 |- |9 |2009 |- |A |2010 |- |B |2011 |- |C |2012 |- |D |2013 |- |E |2014 |- |F |2015 |- |G |2016 |- |H |2017 |- |J |2018 |- |K |2019 |- |L |2020 |- |M |2021 |- |N |2022 |- |P |2023 |- |R |2024 |- |S |2025 |} ===Plant=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |+Position 11 !VIN Code !Description |- |0-9 (All numeric) |Japan |- |7 |Lordstown, OH, US (GM plant) (Toyota Cavalier) |- |A |Motomachi plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |A |Onnaing-Valenciennes, France ([[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing France|TMMF]]) (Yaris hatch - US: '14-'18, Canada: '14-'19) |- |C |Cambridge, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |D |Nagakusa plant, Obu, Aichi pref., Japan (Toyota Industries plant) |- |E |Burnaston, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom (TMMUK) (US/Canada: GR Corolla '26-) |- |G |Gliwice, Poland (Opel/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max EV) |- |J |Takaoka plant, Toyota City, Aichi pref., Japan |- |J |Vigo, Spain (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce City) |- |K |Hamura, Tokyo pref., Japan (Hino Motors plant) |- |L |Miyagi plant, Ohira, Miyagi pref., Japan (Central Motor Co./Toyota Motor East Japan plant) |- |M |Tijuana, Baja CA, Mexico (TMMBC) |- |M |Atessa, Italy (PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce Max diesel) |- |N |Kolín, Czech Republic ([[w:Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech|TPCA/TMMCZ]]) |- |P |Blue Springs, MS, US (TMMMS) |- |R |Lafayette, IN, US (Subaru of Indiana Automotive) (Camry '07-'16) |- |R |Adapazari, Sakarya province, Turkey (TMMT) (US/Canada: C-HR '18-'22) |- |S |Princeton, IN, US (TMMI) |- |T |Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato, Mexico (TMMGT) |- |U |Georgetown, KY, US (TMMK) |- |V |Huntsville, AL, US (MTM USA) (Corolla Cross '22-, Corolla Cross Hybrid '23-) |- |W |Woodstock, ON, Canada (TMMC) |- |W |Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (Toyota GR Supra '20-'26) |- |X |San Antonio, TX, US (TMMTX) |- |X |Altona, Victoria, Australia (Toyota Australia) (closed Oct. 3, 2017) |- |Y |Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico (Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation) <br> (Scion iA '16, Yaris iA '17-'18, Yaris sedan '19-'20, Yaris hatch '20) |- |Y |Yajima Plant, Ota, Gunma pref., Japan (Subaru plant) (Toyota bZ Woodland '26-, Subaru Trailseeker '26-) |- |Z |Fremont, CA, US (NUMMI) (1987-1988 Toyota Corolla FX/FX16 3-d, 1989-2010 Corolla sedan, 1992-1995 Toyota Pickup, 1995-2010 Tacoma, Toyota Voltz [For export to Japan: '02-'04]) |- |Z |Lieu-Saint-Amand, France (Sevel Nord - PSA/Stellantis plant) (ProAce) |- |} '''Japanese Plants''' {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" !Plant owner/operator !Name & Location of plant !Vehicles produced !VIN Code used<br> (Pos. 11) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('85-'86) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'90) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('87-'89) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('91-'95), Paseo ('92-'99), Echo ('00-'05),<br> Scion xA ('04-'06), xB ('04) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Tercel ('96-'99) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xD ('08-'10), Scion iQ ('12-'15),<br> Scion iQ EV ('13), Scion xB ('12-'15) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'12), Scion xB ('08-'12),<br> Scion xD ('10-'14), Prius C ('12-'19), C-HR ('18-'22) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('07-'11) |4 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('07-'11) |5-8 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Miyagi plant. Ohira, Miyagi prefecture, Japan |Yaris sedan ('11-'12) |L |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Yaris hatchback ('12-'14) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05) |0-3 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |Scion xB ('05-'06) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla [fwd 4-d/5-d] ('84-'87) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla Sport [rwd 2-d/3-d coupe] ('84-'87) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('88-'90), Corolla coupe ('91),<br> Corolla sedan & 2wd wagon ('91-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla All-Trac 4wd wagon ('91-'92) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('93-'96) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'08) |0-1 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('03-'06) [No '06 found in US] |2-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09) |2, J |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla sedan ('10-'11, '13, '20-'25), Scion iM ('16), Corolla iM ('17-'18) |J |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Corolla ('09-'12) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Corolla hatchback ('19-'27), Corolla sedan ('22-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |GR Corolla ('23-'26), GRMN Corolla ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |7-8 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88) |0-9 (All-Trac Turbo) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('90-'99) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Celica ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica Supra ('85-'86), Supra ('86 1/2-'92) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('85) |4-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('86-'87) |0-6 (ST, GT),<br> 0-3 (GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Celica ('88-'89) |0-3 (ST, GT, GT-S) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('05-'10) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('85-'87), Camry V6 ('88-'91),<br> Camry 4-cyl. All-Trac 4wd ('89-'91),<br> Lexus ES250 ('90-'91) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. 2wd ('88-'91) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('92-'93), Camry 4-cyl. ('94), Camry ('95-'96), <br> Lexus ES300 ('92-'93, '95-'96) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('94), Lexus ES300 ('94) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('97), Camry 4-cyl. ('98-'01), Lexus ES300 ('97) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry 4-cyl. ('03-'06) |0-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry V6 ('98-'06), Lexus ES300 ('98-'03), <br> ES330 ('04-'05) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('98-'01) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('02) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES300 ('03) |5-6 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES330 ('04-'06), Camry SE V6 [3.3L] ('05) |5-6 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |5 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Camry LE V6, XLE V6 [3.0L] ('05) |6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Camry ('07-'11, '18-'19), Scion tC ('11-'15),<br> Crown ('23-'26), Crown Signia ('25-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Scion tC ('15-'16) |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus ES350 ('07-'21), ES300h ('13-'20),<br> ES350h, ES350e, ES500e ('26-),<br> HS250h ('10-'12), CT200h ('11-'17), UX200 ('19-'22),<br> UX250h ('19-'24), UX300h ('25-'26) |2 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Iwate plant. Kanegasaki, Iwate prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS300 ('01-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250 ('06-'15), IS200t ('16-'17),<br> IS300 RWD ('18-'25), IS300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> IS350 ('06-'26), IS F ('08-'14),<br> IS500 F Sport Performance ('22-'25), RC200t ('16-'17),<br> RC300 RWD ('18-'25), RC300 AWD ('16-'25),<br> RC350 ('15-'25), RC F ('15-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus IS250, IS350 ('06-'13), IS250C/IS350C ('10-'15) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LS400 ('90-'00), LS430 ('01-'05),<br> GS300 ('93-'05), GS400 ('98-'00), GS430 ('01-'05), <br> GS300 Awd ('06), GS350 ('07-'11) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS300 2wd ('06), GS430 ('06-'07),<br> GS460 ('08-'11), GS450h ('07-'11, '13-'14),<br> GS350 ('13-'14), LS430 ('06), LS460 ('07-'17),<br> LS600hL ('08-'16), LS500 ('18-'26), LS500h ('18-'25) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GS200t ('16-'17), GS300 ('18-'19),<br> GS350 ('15-'20), GS450h ('15-'18), GS F ('16-'20),<br> LC500 ('18-'26), LC500h ('18-'25), Mirai ('16-'26),<br> Toyota bZ4X ('23-'25), bZ ('26-), Subaru Solterra ('23-'26),<br> Lexus RZ450e ('23-'26), RZ300e ('24-'25), RZ350e ('26-),<br> RZ550e ('26-) |A |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida sedan ('85-'88), Cressida wagon ('85-'87) |0-5 (sedan),<br> 0-9 (wagon) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('89) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Cressida ('90-'92) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra ('93-'96), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('92-'96) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Supra, Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97) |0 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Supra ('97-'98), Lexus SC300/SC400 ('97-'00) |1-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('02-'05) |0-9 |- |Kanto Auto Works, Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Higashi-Fuji plant. Susono, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus SC430 ('06-'10) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LFA ('12) |1 |- |Central Motor Co., Ltd. (merged into Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. in '12) |Sagamihara plant. Sagamihara, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan |MR2 ('85-'89, '91-'95), MR2 Spyder ('00-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('01-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius w/pos. 14-17 of VIN from 1001-2000 ('01) |0 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('04-'05) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09, '16-'26) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'15) |0-2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius Plug-in Hybrid ('12-'15, '25-'26), Prius Prime ('17-'24) |3 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('06-'09) |7 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius ('10-'13) [No '14 found in US] |4-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tsutsumi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('12-'14) |3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Prius V ('14-'17 & '18 in Canada) |J |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('84-'86) |5-9 (psgr. van),<br> 0-9 (cargo van) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Van ('87-'89) |5-9 (2wd),<br> 0-9 (4wd) |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Fujimatsu plant. Kariya, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Previa ('91-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('96), RAV4 2-d ('96-'98, '00),<br> RAV4 4wd ('99), RAV4 EV ('98-'03) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Motomachi plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 4-d ('97-'98, '00), RAV4 2wd ('99) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd gen.] ('01) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'06) |0-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('07-'14) |5 |- |Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. (renamed Toyota Industries Corp. in '01) |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 [2nd/3rd gen.] ('02-'08) |6-9 |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('09) |6 (until 7/31/08),<br> D (from 8/1/08) |- |Toyota Industries Corp. |Nagakusa plant. Obu, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('10-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('16-'26),<br> RAV4 Prime ('21-'24), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('25-'26) |D |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Takaoka plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |RAV4 ('14-'25), RAV4 Hybrid ('19-'26), RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid ('26-), Venza ('21-'24), C-HR EV '26-, bZ '26-, Subaru Uncharted '26-, Solterra '26- |J |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX300 ('99-'03), RX330 ('04-'06), RX350 ('07-'09),<br> RX400h ('06), Highlander ('01-'07), Highlander Hybrid ('06-'07) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc. |Miyata plant. Miyawaka, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan |Lexus RX400h ('07-'08), RX350 ('10-'19, '21-'26),<br> RX350L ('18-'22), RX450h ('10-'15), RX450hL ('18-'22),<br> RX450h+ ('24-'26), NX200t ('15-'17), NX300 ('18-'21),<br> NX300h ('15-'21), NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26),<br> NX350h ('22-'26), NX450h+ ('22-'26),<br> Highlander ('08-'10), Highlander Hybrid ('08-'13) |2 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus NX300 ('20-'21), NX300h ('20-'21),<br> NX250 ('22-'25), NX350 ('22-'26), NX350h ('22-'26) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('84-'85) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('89) |0-3 (4-cyl.),<br> 0-4 (V6) |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('90-'95) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('90-'94) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4-cyl. 4wd ('95) |0-4, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('90) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('91-'92) |0-6, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('93-'94) |0-5, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner V6 4wd ('95) |0-4, 8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('96-'97) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 2wd ('98-'02) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |0-8 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner 4wd ('98-'02) |9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'08) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('03-'07) |8-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('08-'09) |8-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('07) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('08-'09) |0-9, K |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. (Hamura plant transferred to Toyota Motor Hamura, Inc. on April 1, 2026) |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |FJ Cruiser ('10-'14), Land Cruiser ('24-'26) |K |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus GX470 ('03-'09) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('10-'21, '25-'26), Land Cruiser ('24-'26),<br> Lexus GX460 ('10-'23), GX550 ('24-'26) |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |4Runner ('22-'24) |5, 6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('84-'86, '88-'89) |0-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('90-'97), Lexus LX450 ('96-'97) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser, Lexus LX470 ('98-'00) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('01-'07) |2-3 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('01-'06) |3-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Honsha plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Lexus LX470 ('07) |4 |- |Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. |Yoshiwara plant. Toyota City, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13-'21),<br> Lexus LX570 ('08-'11, '13-'21), LX600 ('22-'26),<br> LX700h ('25-'26) |4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Land Cruiser ('08-'11, '13) [No '14-'20 found in US] |5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup ('84-'85), <br> Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |5-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab ('84-'85), Pickup/Chassis Cab w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'88) |0-4 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab Pickup w/RN5 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('87-'88) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('86-'87) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-7 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN6 in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |8-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN6 or RN7 or Chassis Cab w/RN7 <br> in pos. 4-6 of VIN ('88) |0-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN81, VN93, or VN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup or Chassis Cab w/VN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |5-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 or RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-4 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN82 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> RN93 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |5-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-6 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |7-9 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-6 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89) |7-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('90-'93) |7-8 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-5 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/RN13 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) |6-7 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |0-1, 6-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |Pickup w/VN01 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'95) or <br> VN02 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'92) |2-5 |- |Toyota Motor Corp. |Tahara plant. Tahara, Aichi prefecture, Japan |Chassis Cab w/VN94 in pos. 4-7 of VIN ('89-'93) |0-9 |- |Hino Motors, Ltd. |Hamura plant. Hamura, Tokyo prefecture, Japan |T100 ('93-'98) |0-9 |- |} ==Toyota WMIs== There are partial list of WMIs which are used by Toyota as well as the broader Toyota Group, including all divisions and subsidiaries: Japan: * JTD - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTK - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTN - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JTX - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car * JT1 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (European market) * JT2 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (North American market) * JT7 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Passenger Car (Asia-Pacific market) * JTA - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTB - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTF - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JT4 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Truck * JTG - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Bus * JTE - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JTL - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JTM - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT3 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV/Minivan) * JT5 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Incomplete Vehicle (Celica convertible, Paseo convertible, Chassis Cab pickup trucks) * JTH - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JTJ - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT6 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JT8 - Toyota Motor Corporation, Lexus Passenger Car * JAL - Isuzu Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle (S-Series) * JDA - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD1 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Passenger Car * JD2 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * JD4 - Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd., Daihatsu Truck * JF1 - Subaru Corp., Toyota Passenger Car (86/GR86/Scion FR-S) * JHA - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHB - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JHC - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHD - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHE - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Truck * JHH - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * JH6 - Hino Motors Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle North America: * 1NX - NUMMI, Toyota Passenger Car ('87-'10) * 2AY - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 2AZ - Hino Motors Canada, Ltd., Hino Truck * 2T1 - TMMC, Toyota Passenger Car * 2T2 - TMMC, Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 2T3 - TMMC, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 3MY - Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation, Toyota Passenger Car ('16-'20) * 3TM - TMMBC, Toyota Truck * 3TY - TMMGT, Toyota Truck * 4G3 - GM Lordstown Assembly, Toyota Passenger Car (Cavalier) ('96-'00) * 4T1 - TMMK, Toyota Passenger Car * 4T3 - TMMK, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV) * 4T4 - Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Toyota Passenger Car ('07-'16) * 4TA - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('92-'00) * 5PV - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Incomplete Vehicle * 5TB - TMMI, Toyota Truck * 5TD - TMMI, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (Minivan/SUV), Lexus Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 5TE - NUMMI, Toyota Truck ('00-'10) * 5TF - TMMTX, Toyota Truck * 5YF - TMMMS, Toyota Passenger Car * 58A - TMMK, Lexus Passenger Car * 7H4 - Hino Motors Manufacturing USA, Hino Truck * 7MU - Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) * 7SV - TMMTX, Toyota Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (SUV) Other countries: * AHH - Hino South Africa, Hino vehicles * AHT - Toyota South Africa, Toyota vehicles * LFM - FAW Toyota (China), Toyota and Ranz vehicles * LVG - GAC Toyota (China), Toyota vehicles * MBJ - Toyota Kirloskar Motor (India), Toyota vehicles * MHF - PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia, Toyota vehicles * MHK - PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (Indonesia), Daihatsu and Toyota vehicles * MJE - PT Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia, Hino vehicles * MMK - Toyota Auto Works Co., Ltd. (Thailand), Toyota vehicles * MNK - Hino Motors Manufacturing Thailand, Hino Vehicles * MR0 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Ban Pho and Samrong plants, Toyota vehicles * MR1 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Samrong plant (Fortuner), Toyota vehicles * MR2 - Toyota Motor Thailand - Gateway plant, Toyota vehicles * NMT - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey (TMMT), Toyota vehicles * PN1 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * PN2 - Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) (Malaysia), Toyota vehicles * RKL - Kuozui Motors (Taiwan), Toyota vehicles * RL4 - Toyota Motor Vietnam, Toyota vehicles * SB1 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK (TMMUK), Toyota vehicles * TW1 - Toyota Caetano Portugal, Toyota vehicles * VNK - Toyota Motor Manufacturing France (TMMF), Toyota vehicles * WZ1 - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra) * XW7 - Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia (TMMR), Toyota vehicles * YAR - PSA/Stellantis, Toyota Van (ProAce, ProAce City, & ProAce Max) * YBC - Magna Steyr, Toyota Passenger Car (GR Supra - some European-market models) * 6T1 - Toyota Australia, Toyota Passenger Car * 7A4 - Toyota New Zealand, Toyota vehicles * 8AJ - Toyota Argentina, Toyota vehicles * 9BR - Toyota Brazil, Toyota vehicles {| class="wikitable" |+ !Plant Abbreviation !Plant Name !Notes |- |MTMUSA |Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA |Joint venture between Toyota and Mazda |- |NUMMI |New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. |Joint venture between GM and Toyota |- |TMMBC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Baja California | |- |TMMC |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada | |- |TMMGT |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Guanajuato | |- |TMMI |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana | |- |TMMK |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky | |- |TMMMS |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi | |- |TMMTX |Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas | |} == External links == Online [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Toyota Toyota VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:RT43-157714}} <references />Online [https://epicvin.com/vin-decoder/toyota Toyota Vin Lookup] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toyota Car model, Toyota Vehicles- VinCheckUp |url=https://www.vincheckup.com/cars/toyota |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.vincheckup.com}}</ref> rhw77eq0gruepfw19pe33c3bbkvvmjc 8 143077 4673438 4670874 2026-10-01T13:06:33Z Codename Noreste 3441010 Ack... 4673438 wikitext text/x-wiki == browse-gadgets == * wikidialog[hidden|default|dependencies=mediawiki.util]|wikidialog.js * CommentsInLocalTime|CommentsInLocalTime.js * sidebartranslate|langcode2name.js|sidebartranslate.js * SpecialSearch|SpecialSearch.js * rightsfilter|rightsfilter.js * contribsrange|contribsrange.js * background-awesomeness|background-awesomeness.css * subject-pages|subjects.css|subjects.js * navpop|navpop.js|navpop.css * commons-file[default|dependencies=mediawiki.util]|commons-file.js * UTCLiveClock|UTCLiveClock.js * GetCollection[dependencies=mediawiki.util]|collectionparser.js * Subpages[dependencies=mediawiki.api,@wikimedia/codex]|Subpages.js == edit-gadgets == * wiked|wiked.js * DeluxeBar[dependencies=ext.gadget.mediawiki.toolbar|rights=edit]|DeluxeBar.js * searchbox|lib-beau.js|searchbox.js * BookCat|BookCat.js * HotCat|HotCat.js * OneClickWelcomer[dependencies=site,mediawiki.util]|OneClickWelcomer.js == tab-gadgets == * purge[dependencies=mediawiki.util]|purge.js * bottomtabs|bottomtabs.css|bottomtabs.js * sixtabs[skins=monobook|dependencies=mediawiki.util]|sixtabs.js == admin-gadgets == * modrollback[rights=rollback]|modrollback.js * subpages[rights=delete|dependencies=mediawiki.util]|subpages.js * Massblock[rights=block|dependencies=mediawiki.util,mediawiki.api]|Massblock.js * CleanDeleteReasons[rights=delete]|CleanDeleteReasons.js * markblocked[dependencies=mediawiki.util]|markblocked.js * mediawiki.toolbar[hidden]|mediawiki.toolbar.js * markAdmins[dependencies=mediawiki.util,mediawiki.api]|markAdmins.js <!-- == broken-gadgets == * Twinklerevert[dependencies=mediawiki.util,jquery.ui]|twinkle.js|twinkle.css|twinklefluff.js * twinklespeedy[dependencies=mediawiki.util,jquery.ui]|twinkle.js|twinkle.css|twinklespeedy.js * twinklewarn[dependencies=mediawiki.util,jquery.ui]|twinkle.js|twinkle.css|twinklewarn.js * Twinkleunlink[dependencies=mediawiki.util,jquery.ui]|twinkle.js|twinkle.css|twinkleunlink.js * toolboxcompat|toolboxcompat.js * edittop[dependencies=mediawiki.util]|edittop.js * Special_characters|Special_characters.js * colorcats|category-colorcode.css * wkBookCreator|wknightcore.js|wkcategorize.js|wkeditinsert.js|wkdesigner.js| * autodel [dependencies=mediawiki.cookie,mediawiki.util,mediawiki.user,user,jquery.ui|rights=delete]|autodel.js * twinkledelimages[rights=delete]|twinkle.js|twinkle.css|twinkledelimages.js * extlinks[dependencies=mediawiki.util]|extlinks.js --> axydogvg2yqkrifne83dcnudntj58r5 0 145930 4673593 3708923 2026-10-02T08:32:53Z Lavender-wikigirl 3578159 4673593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<big>Scene 1</big>''' Antonio is very depressed, although he does not know why, three idea's are raised by his friends; Salarion, Solanio and Gratiano. Bassanio his friend* is in debt, to antonio and he is willing to fund Bassanio's expedition to Belmont it will cost 3,000 ducat or around 770,000$ in todays money<ref>{{Cite web |title=“Thou gaudy gold”: Wealth in The Merchant of Venice |url=https://publish.tntech.edu/index.php/PSRCI/article/view/877/402}}</ref>, but must try to borrow money from Shylock to do so as his money is on ships and doesnt have liquid cash. '''<big>Scene 2</big>''' Portia longs to find a husband, but all her suitors must submit to a lottery of 3 case(one gold, one silver and one lead) arranged by her father before his death. '''<big>Scene 3</big>''' Shylock agrees to lend money to Antonio - but he demands an unusual bond. if he fails to repay it, shylock is allowed to get a pound of flesh from anywhere he choses, this almost would mean Antonio's death. {{BookCat}} fq7exnl6zzuojq0sbk09z42x8e9q6nc 4673613 4673593 2026-10-02T11:44:19Z Lavender-wikigirl 3578159 expanded on scene one with detales on antonios and bassanios reltongship. also on how much the money is worth in morden usd and added a sectoin on scene 1's key quotes 4673613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<big>Scene 1</big>''' Antonio is very depressed, although he does not know why, three idea's are raised by his friends; Salarion, Solanio and Gratiano. Bassanio his friend* is in debt, to Antonio and many others, he tells Antonio of a plan to marry a rich woman(Portis) although he needs money to get there and compete with the other suiters. Antonio is willing to fund Bassanio's expedition to Belmont it will cost 3,000 ducat or around 770,000$ in todays money<ref>{{Cite web |title=“Thou gaudy gold”: Wealth in The Merchant of Venice |url=https://publish.tntech.edu/index.php/PSRCI/article/view/877/402}}</ref>, but must try to borrow money from Shylock to do so as his money is on ships(in the form of cargo) and doesn't have liquid cash. <nowiki>*</nowiki>(Antonio and Bassanios relationship or Antonios feeling towards Bassanios it a topic of discussion. [[wikipedia:The_Merchant_of_Venice#Antonio,_Bassanio|see the wikipedia artacle]]) === scene 1: key quotes === * .Antonio's sadness - "In sooth I know not why I am so sad." * idea one for the sadness - "Your mind is tossing on the ocean, There where your argosies with portly sail" * Antonio's responds - "Believe me, no. I thank my fortune for it, My ventures are not in one bottom trusted" * idea two for the sadness - "Why then you are in love." * idea three for the sadness - "You have too much respect upon the world." * Antonio's responds - "I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano, A stage where every man must play a part, And mine a sad one." * Bassanio's money problems - "’Tis not unknown to you, Antonio, How much I have disabled mine estate" * Bassanio's debt and love for Antonios - "To you, Antonio, I owe the most in money and in love" * Antonio's love for Bassanio - "be assured My purse, my person, my extremest means Lie all unlocked to your occasions." * Bassanio's plan - "In Belmont is a lady richly left, [...] I but the means To hold a rival place with one of them, I have a mind presages me such thrift That I should questionless be fortunate!" * Portia's beauty "And she is fair, and, fairer than that word," * Antonio's lack of liquidity - "Thou know’st that all my fortunes are at sea; Neither have I money nor commodity To raise a present sum." * Antonio's loan offer - "Therefore go forth: Try what my credit can in Venice do" '''<big>Scene 2</big>''' Portia longs to find a husband, but all her suitors must submit to a lottery of 3 case(one gold, one silver and one lead) arranged by her father before his death. '''<big>Scene 3</big>''' Shylock agrees to lend money to Antonio - but he demands an unusual bond. if he fails to repay it, shylock is allowed to get a pound of flesh from anywhere he choses, this almost would mean Antonio's death. {{BookCat}} 78kelufr3fwlrhvbsz3jqtobqza2a9l 5 147677 4673559 4281851 2026-10-02T03:57:41Z ~2026-52932-69 3627389 /* Dark Joke */ new section 4673559 wikitext text/x-wiki 4673570 4673559 2026-10-02T04:32:40Z Koavf 16549 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-52932-69|~2026-52932-69]] ([[User talk:~2026-52932-69|talk]]) to last version by Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia 4281851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{metatalk}} == writing a book == I was thinking of writing a book about natural science and technology for young learners but I need a group of people who I can work with or someone who is willing to give me advice and walk me through the process. Can I get help [[User:Sanezedope|Sanezedope]] ([[User talk:Sanezedope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sanezedope|contribs]]) 17:46, 23 June 2018 (UTC) :See [[Using Wikibooks]] [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:48, 25 June 2018 (UTC) 72rd1bvc51041k716yi720as4fw1qu4 8 151457 4673464 4642417 2026-10-01T15:07:01Z Codename Noreste 3441010 + 4673464 wikitext text/x-wiki 29 dwu8okf7c7ip5g9gegllrp9xqkvlrjz 4 155682 4673508 4672189 2026-10-01T18:01:42Z Codename Noreste 3441010 /* FlaggedRevs again */ move from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]: Moving since this will become a vote. ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 4673508 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) 0xt64w7na9boc8x5spen9vbs8djz3is 4673529 4673508 2026-10-01T18:48:25Z Omphalographer 3427146 /* Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts */ new section 4673529 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts == Creating a new book, or adding a chapter to an existing book, is a significant action, and users performing this action should be available to discuss it. Additionally, in practice, most page creations by temp accounts are out of scope, if not outright vandalism. (See https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=create for some examples.) As such, I'd like to propose that the wiki require a registered account to create pages in any non-talk namespace. Temporary accounts will still be able to edit existing pages, or to create talk pages to start discussions. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) 8w50aaskap866q5m8008strie238pjy 4673532 4673529 2026-10-01T19:43:46Z Codename Noreste 3441010 /* Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts */ reply ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 4673532 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts == Creating a new book, or adding a chapter to an existing book, is a significant action, and users performing this action should be available to discuss it. Additionally, in practice, most page creations by temp accounts are out of scope, if not outright vandalism. (See https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=create for some examples.) As such, I'd like to propose that the wiki require a registered account to create pages in any non-talk namespace. Temporary accounts will still be able to edit existing pages, or to create talk pages to start discussions. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : From a technical point of view, this would require moving <code>createpage</code> from unregistered users (<code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>) to registered users (<code>user</code>), but that would mean every non-registered user may not be able to create pages in every namespace, but talk pages. : Another solution would be to add [[mw:Extension:ArticleCreationWorkflow]] to this project, but we don't have a system to create drafts (or similar). : And a final solution would be to create an edit filter disallowing unregistered users from creating pages in mainspace. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:43, 1 October 2026 (UTC) lbvqvgbl0ztcc6n7tzsdjq8xl1tkn50 4673533 4673532 2026-10-01T19:50:08Z Codename Noreste 3441010 /* Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts */ addition ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 4673533 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts == Creating a new book, or adding a chapter to an existing book, is a significant action, and users performing this action should be available to discuss it. Additionally, in practice, most page creations by temp accounts are out of scope, if not outright vandalism. (See https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=create for some examples.) As such, I'd like to propose that the wiki require a registered account to create pages in any non-talk namespace. Temporary accounts will still be able to edit existing pages, or to create talk pages to start discussions. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : From a technical point of view, this would require moving <code>createpage</code> from unregistered users (<code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>) to registered users (<code>user</code>), but that would mean every non-registered user may not be able to create pages in every namespace, but talk pages. : Another solution would be to add [[mw:Extension:ArticleCreationWorkflow]] to this project, but we don't have a system to create drafts (or similar). : And a final solution would be to create an edit filter disallowing unregistered users from creating pages in mainspace. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:43, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :: Just to note, please read the first point of [[m:Limits to configuration changes#Changes that are likely to be declined]] (Disable non-autoconfirmed page creation). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:50, 1 October 2026 (UTC) 4f9urssiemri1bk7x0zdblticcxlzpo 4673534 4673533 2026-10-01T19:58:43Z Omphalographer 3427146 /* Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts */ Reply 4673534 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts == Creating a new book, or adding a chapter to an existing book, is a significant action, and users performing this action should be available to discuss it. Additionally, in practice, most page creations by temp accounts are out of scope, if not outright vandalism. (See https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=create for some examples.) As such, I'd like to propose that the wiki require a registered account to create pages in any non-talk namespace. Temporary accounts will still be able to edit existing pages, or to create talk pages to start discussions. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : From a technical point of view, this would require moving <code>createpage</code> from unregistered users (<code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>) to registered users (<code>user</code>), but that would mean every non-registered user may not be able to create pages in every namespace, but talk pages. : Another solution would be to add [[mw:Extension:ArticleCreationWorkflow]] to this project, but we don't have a system to create drafts (or similar). : And a final solution would be to create an edit filter disallowing unregistered users from creating pages in mainspace. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:43, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :: Just to note, please read the first point of [[m:Limits to configuration changes#Changes that are likely to be declined]] (Disable non-autoconfirmed page creation). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:50, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::What I'm proposing is that we require a registered account for page creation, not autoconfirmed. enwiki (as well as a few other wikis) already use this configuration - it's not new. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:58, 1 October 2026 (UTC) cu99u6y1zfm2g9ap5acd2cr534uzbpk 4673535 4673534 2026-10-01T20:06:25Z Codename Noreste 3441010 /* Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts */ reply to Omphalographer: Okay, but I provided some alternatives above. (-) ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 4673535 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:RFC|WB:PROPOSALS}} {{TOC left<!--|limit=2-->}} Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks. {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(120d) |counter = 1 |key = 1f2adc5eee951900b65c7b981b786191 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{clear}} <!--Take threads to archive below this line--> <!--Add new threads to bottom of page--> == New gadget to browse subpages == Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video: [[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]] To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' ); </syntaxhighlight> If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC) :This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Hi! I just fixed the issue with Vector legacy and also for other skins. Regarding dependencies, this gadget requires <code>mediawiki.api</code> and <code>@wikimedia/codex</code>. If you want to take care of the installation, please do not copy-paste the source code, but rather load the global version using <code>mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );</code>, like other [[mw:Global gadgets|global gadgets]]. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 14:22, 22 July 2026 (UTC) ::: I put the code on the gadgets definition page @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]], but feel free to fix what I placed. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:45, 22 July 2026 (UTC) == Breadcrumbs in the title == Hi! I think breadcrumbs would be more intuitive, compact and cleaner if they were integrated into the title rather than below it, like so: <gallery> Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (before).png|Current breadcrumbs Wikisource breadcrumbs proposal (after).png|Proposed breadcrumbs </gallery> What do you think? [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 17 August 2026 (UTC) :I appreciate the effort, but I don't see a big difference or that one would be more usable than another. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 19:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) == Approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? == Some of the text was based off of the global CheckUser policy, but in this case, should we approve [[Wikibooks:CheckUser]] as a local policy? There is a special clause allowing stewards to perform checks even during non-emergency situations (as set in [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy]]). I have yet to include a part where users may request CU checks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 21:55, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :I'm somewhat just unsure on what the benefit of making this policy would be. Sure, there's strength in policy, of course. But this seems to be doing fine overall as an information page, no? It doesn't differ very much from the global CU policy, so I'm not sure that a page without any Wikibooks-specific information really benefits from policy status. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 00:22, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :I would {{support}} this. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 00:26, 20 September 2026 (UTC) == FlaggedRevs again == <div class="cd-moveMark">''Moved from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#FlaggedRevs again]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:01, 1 October 2026 (UTC)''</div> Hi all. I already know there were various topics over the years about this subject, but I was considering for the project on whether we should remove this extension from this project, and go back to using MediaWiki's page patrol system. Currently, there is a backlog of more than 3000 unreviewed edits (some going back as far as a few years ago); that’s why I started this discussion here. {{collapse top}} * <code>autoreview</code> and <code>editor</code> would be <code>autopatrolled</code> and <code>patroller</code>, respectively. * <code>wgUseNPPatrol</code> and <code>wgUseFilePatrol</code> would be re-enabled for English Wikibooks. * <code>autopatrol</code> and <code>patrol</code> would be re-assigned back to sysops and their respective user groups. * <code>patroller</code> would also have <code>rollback</code> and <code>suppressredirect</code> and its rate limit untouched. {{collapse bottom}} Best, [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 12:56, 30 September 2026 (UTC) :{{s}} the removal of FlaggedRevs. Inasmuch as the extension works at all, it works best when it is used selectively on projects like Wikipedia, for individual high-traffic pages with lots of watchers which are subject to vandalism or controversy. Wikibooks is not a good use case for this extension. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 15:51, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == Disable (some) page creation by temporary accounts == Creating a new book, or adding a chapter to an existing book, is a significant action, and users performing this action should be available to discuss it. Additionally, in practice, most page creations by temp accounts are out of scope, if not outright vandalism. (See https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=create for some examples.) As such, I'd like to propose that the wiki require a registered account to create pages in any non-talk namespace. Temporary accounts will still be able to edit existing pages, or to create talk pages to start discussions. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) : From a technical point of view, this would require moving <code>createpage</code> from unregistered users (<code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>) to registered users (<code>user</code>), but that would mean every non-registered user may not be able to create pages in every namespace, but talk pages. : Another solution would be to add [[mw:Extension:ArticleCreationWorkflow]] to this project, but we don't have a system to create drafts (or similar). : And a final solution would be to create an edit filter disallowing unregistered users from creating pages in mainspace. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:43, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :: Just to note, please read the first point of [[m:Limits to configuration changes#Changes that are likely to be declined]] (Disable non-autoconfirmed page creation). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:50, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::What I'm proposing is that we require a registered account for page creation, not autoconfirmed. enwiki (as well as a few other wikis) already use this configuration - it's not new. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:58, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::: Okay, but I provided some alternatives above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 20:06, 1 October 2026 (UTC) k0faazu4j7mvrz451n5q8sh7a8t9ur5 0 161482 4673428 1212883 2026-10-01T12:37:33Z Jcb 90773 4673428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Radiation_Oncology:TOC}} <big>'''Proton Therapy in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma'''</big> *'''Loma Linda; 2006''' {{PMID|16700624}} -- "Locoregional proton radiotherapy of a primary cavernous sinus non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case report." (Ronson B, Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2006 Jun;5(3):281-4.) **Case report. DLBCL of cavernous sinus, with sphenoid sinus anc clival extension. Treated with partial resection, chemotherapy and proton beam hnaa1sgecu7jgsocgaatg08lwinvp0x 0 190870 4673561 3249524 2026-10-02T03:58:46Z Kai Burghardt 153973 /* top */ fix typo, use {{[[Template: Equation|equation]]}}, insert link to chapter on baryons, use conventional symbols /* The Unified Atomic Mass Unit */ do not use bold /* Data */ give table a facelift /* The Binding Energy Curve */ insert links to chapters on fission and fusion, give table a facelift, element names are not capitalized [but element symbols are], present diagram in slideshow for the sake of centering and maximizing size /* Questions */ convert into [[Help: Quizzes|quiz]] 4673561 wikitext text/x-wiki It takes energy to pull nuclei apart. The amount of work (energy) which must be done in order to pull all of the neutrons and protons in a nucleus infinitely far apart from each other is known as the binding energy of the nucleus. Practically, pulling them all apart far enough to stop them interacting will do. If energy must be put in to a nucleus to break it apart, where does this energy go? The answer lies in the fact that if you add up the masses of all the protons and neutrons in a nucleus individually, it is a little bit more than the actual mass of the nucleus. The binding energy put in to break the nucleus apart has ‘become’ mass in the individual [[../Quarks#Baryons|baryons]]. So, the binding energy of a nucleus can be calculated using the following formula: {{equation|<math display='block'>E_\mathrm{b} = (n_{\mathrm{n}} \cdot m_{\mathrm{n}} + n_{\mathrm{p}} \cdot m_{\mathrm{p}} - M) \cdot c_{0}^{2}</math>|BE}} where <math display='inline'>n_{\mathrm{n}}</math> and <math display='inline'>n_{\mathrm{p}}</math> are the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus, <math display='inline'>m_{\mathrm{n}}</math> and <math display='inline'>m_{\mathrm{p}}</math> are the masses of neutrons and protons, <math display='inline'>M</math> is the mass of the nucleus and <math display='inline'>c_0</math> is the speed of light in free space (<math display='inline'>\approx 3 \cdot 10^{8} \mathrm{ m} \cdot \mathrm{s}^{-1}</math>). ==The Unified Atomic Mass Unit== The unified atomic mass unit, denoted u, is roughly equal to the mass of one proton or neutron. 1 {{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}}&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.660538782&nbsp;×&nbsp;10⁻²⁷&nbsp;{{abbr|kg|kilogrammes}}. They are useful since 1&nbsp;mole of atoms with a mass of 1&nbsp;{{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}} each will weigh exactly 1&nbsp;gram. However, when dealing with binding energy, you must ''never'' use atomic mass units in this way. The mass defect is so small that using unified atomic mass units will result in a completely wrong answer. If you want to use them with lots of decimal places, then you will save writing in standard form. ==Data== {| class='wikitable' style='margin: auto;' ! Name ! Mass ({{abbr|kg|killogram}}) ! Mass ({{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}}) |- | Proton | 1.67262164 × 10⁻²⁷ | 1.00727647 |- | Neutron | 1.67492729 × 10⁻²⁷ | 1.00866492 |} ==The Binding Energy Curve== Different nuclei have different binding energies. These are determined by the combination of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. These are shown in the following graph: <gallery mode="slideshow"> Image:Binding energy curve - common isotopes.svg </gallery> The position of iron‑56 at the top is important. If you take two nuclei completely apart, you do work. If you then put all the baryons back together again as one nucleus, you will get energy back out. Sometimes, the energy you get back out will be more than the work you had to do to take the nuclei apart. Overall, you release energy by fusing the nuclei together. This happens to nuclei which are smaller than iron‑56. Nuclei which are larger than iron‑56 will give out less energy when fused than you had to put in to take them apart into their constituent baryons in the first place. To the right of iron‑56, [[../Fusion|nuclear fusion]], overall, requires energy. If you take only one nucleus apart you still do work. If you stick its protons and neutrons back together, but this time in two lumps, you will get energy out. Again, sometimes this energy will be greater than the work you had to do to take them apart in the first place. [[../Fission|Nuclear fission]] will be releasing energy. This occurs when the nucleus is larger than iron‑56. If the energy released is less than the initial work you put in, then nuclear fission, overall, requires energy. This happens when the nucleus is smaller than iron‑56. This can be summarized in the following table: {| class='wikitable' style='margin: auto; text-align: right;' ! Type of Nucleus ! Nuclear Fusion ! Nuclear Fission |- | smaller than iron-56 | releases energy | absorbs energy |- | iron-56 | ≈ no energy change | ≈ no energy change |- | larger than iron-56 | absorbs energy | releases energy |} ==Questions== <quiz display='simple'> { For automatic marked round your answers to three significant digits. } { Deuterium (an isotope of hydrogen with an extra neutron) has a nuclear mass of 2.01355321270&nbsp;{{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}}. What is its binding energy? | type="{}" } { 357fJ | 357 fJ | 2.23MeV | 2.23 MeV | 3.57·10⁻¹³J | 3.57 · 10⁻¹³ J | 3.57×10⁻¹³J | 3.57 × 10⁻¹³ J | 0.000000000000357J | 0.000000000000357 J } || The total mass of neutron and proton is<math display='block'>1.00727647 + 1.00866492 = 2.01594139 \mathrm{ u}</math>The mass defect equals<math display='block'>2.01594139 - 2.01355321270 = 0.002388178\mathrm{ u} = 3.965662187 \cdot 10^{-30} \mathrm{ kg}</math>Thus<math display='block'>E_\mathrm{b} = \Delta m \cdot c_{0}^{2} = 3.57 \cdot 10^{-13} \mathrm{ J} = 2.23 \mathrm{ MeV}</math> { Uranium‑235 has a nuclear mass of 235.0439299&nbsp;{{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}}. It contains 92 protons. What is its binding energy? | type="{}" } { 279pJ | 279 pJ | 1.74GeV | 1.74 GeV | 2.79·10⁻¹⁰J | 2.79 · 10⁻¹⁰ J | 2.79×10⁻¹⁰J | 2.79 × 10⁻¹⁰ J | 0.000000000279J | 0.000000000279 J } || <math display='inline'>235 - 92</math> makes <math display='inline'>143</math> neutrons. Thus the total mass of baryons is<math display='block'>(92 \cdot 1.00727647) + (143 x 1.00866492) = 236.9085188 \mathrm{ u}</math>The mass defect equals<math display='block'>236.9085188 - 235.0439299 = 1.8645889 \mathrm{ u} = 3.096222181 \cdot 10^{-27}\mathrm{ kg}</math>Converting it to energy:<math display='block'>E_\{\mathrm{b}} = \Delta m \cdot c_{0}^{2} = 2.79 \cdot 10^{-10}\mathrm{ J} = 1.74\mathrm{ GeV}</math> { How would you expect H‑2 and U‑235 to be used in nuclear reactors? Why? | type="()" coef="2" } + (self‐marked text answer) || H‑2 is used in experimental fusion reactors, since it has a smaller nucleus than iron‑56.<br/><br/>U‑235 is used in fission reactors, since it has a much larger nucleus than iron‑56. </quiz> {{BookCat}} ng36s9raqfe91bqxea0n8qe7wdpqwr2 4673562 4673561 2026-10-02T04:04:25Z Kai Burghardt 153973 /* Questions */ fix syntax mistake in [[Help: Quizzes#Troubleshooting|quiz]] feedback 4673562 wikitext text/x-wiki It takes energy to pull nuclei apart. The amount of work (energy) which must be done in order to pull all of the neutrons and protons in a nucleus infinitely far apart from each other is known as the binding energy of the nucleus. Practically, pulling them all apart far enough to stop them interacting will do. If energy must be put in to a nucleus to break it apart, where does this energy go? The answer lies in the fact that if you add up the masses of all the protons and neutrons in a nucleus individually, it is a little bit more than the actual mass of the nucleus. The binding energy put in to break the nucleus apart has ‘become’ mass in the individual [[../Quarks#Baryons|baryons]]. So, the binding energy of a nucleus can be calculated using the following formula: {{equation|<math display='block'>E_\mathrm{b} = (n_{\mathrm{n}} \cdot m_{\mathrm{n}} + n_{\mathrm{p}} \cdot m_{\mathrm{p}} - M) \cdot c_{0}^{2}</math>|BE}} where <math display='inline'>n_{\mathrm{n}}</math> and <math display='inline'>n_{\mathrm{p}}</math> are the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus, <math display='inline'>m_{\mathrm{n}}</math> and <math display='inline'>m_{\mathrm{p}}</math> are the masses of neutrons and protons, <math display='inline'>M</math> is the mass of the nucleus and <math display='inline'>c_0</math> is the speed of light in free space (<math display='inline'>\approx 3 \cdot 10^{8} \mathrm{ m} \cdot \mathrm{s}^{-1}</math>). ==The Unified Atomic Mass Unit== The unified atomic mass unit, denoted u, is roughly equal to the mass of one proton or neutron. 1 {{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}}&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.660538782&nbsp;×&nbsp;10⁻²⁷&nbsp;{{abbr|kg|kilogrammes}}. They are useful since 1&nbsp;mole of atoms with a mass of 1&nbsp;{{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}} each will weigh exactly 1&nbsp;gram. However, when dealing with binding energy, you must ''never'' use atomic mass units in this way. The mass defect is so small that using unified atomic mass units will result in a completely wrong answer. If you want to use them with lots of decimal places, then you will save writing in standard form. ==Data== {| class='wikitable' style='margin: auto;' ! Name ! Mass ({{abbr|kg|killogram}}) ! Mass ({{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}}) |- | Proton | 1.67262164 × 10⁻²⁷ | 1.00727647 |- | Neutron | 1.67492729 × 10⁻²⁷ | 1.00866492 |} ==The Binding Energy Curve== Different nuclei have different binding energies. These are determined by the combination of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. These are shown in the following graph: <gallery mode="slideshow"> Image:Binding energy curve - common isotopes.svg </gallery> The position of iron‑56 at the top is important. If you take two nuclei completely apart, you do work. If you then put all the baryons back together again as one nucleus, you will get energy back out. Sometimes, the energy you get back out will be more than the work you had to do to take the nuclei apart. Overall, you release energy by fusing the nuclei together. This happens to nuclei which are smaller than iron‑56. Nuclei which are larger than iron‑56 will give out less energy when fused than you had to put in to take them apart into their constituent baryons in the first place. To the right of iron‑56, [[../Fusion|nuclear fusion]], overall, requires energy. If you take only one nucleus apart you still do work. If you stick its protons and neutrons back together, but this time in two lumps, you will get energy out. Again, sometimes this energy will be greater than the work you had to do to take them apart in the first place. [[../Fission|Nuclear fission]] will be releasing energy. This occurs when the nucleus is larger than iron‑56. If the energy released is less than the initial work you put in, then nuclear fission, overall, requires energy. This happens when the nucleus is smaller than iron‑56. This can be summarized in the following table: {| class='wikitable' style='margin: auto; text-align: right;' ! Type of Nucleus ! Nuclear Fusion ! Nuclear Fission |- | smaller than iron-56 | releases energy | absorbs energy |- | iron-56 | ≈ no energy change | ≈ no energy change |- | larger than iron-56 | absorbs energy | releases energy |} ==Questions== <quiz display='simple'> { For automatic marked round your answers to three significant digits. } { Deuterium (an isotope of hydrogen with an extra neutron) has a nuclear mass of 2.01355321270&nbsp;{{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}}. What is its binding energy? | type="{}" } { 357fJ | 357 fJ | 2.23MeV | 2.23 MeV | 3.57·10⁻¹³J | 3.57 · 10⁻¹³ J | 3.57×10⁻¹³J | 3.57 × 10⁻¹³ J | 0.000000000000357J | 0.000000000000357 J } || The total mass of neutron and proton is<math display='block'>1.00727647 + 1.00866492 = 2.01594139 \mathrm{ u}</math>The mass defect equals<math display='block'>2.01594139 - 2.01355321270 = 0.002388178\mathrm{ u} = 3.965662187 \cdot 10^{-30} \mathrm{ kg}</math>Thus<math display='block'>E_\mathrm{b} = \Delta m \cdot c_{0}^{2} = 3.57 \cdot 10^{-13} \mathrm{ J} = 2.23 \mathrm{ MeV}</math> { Uranium‑235 has a nuclear mass of 235.0439299&nbsp;{{abbr|u|unified atomic mass unit}}. It contains 92 protons. What is its binding energy? | type="{}" } { 279pJ | 279 pJ | 1.74GeV | 1.74 GeV | 2.79·10⁻¹⁰J | 2.79 · 10⁻¹⁰ J | 2.79×10⁻¹⁰J | 2.79 × 10⁻¹⁰ J | 0.000000000279J | 0.000000000279 J } || <math display='inline'>235 - 92</math> makes <math display='inline'>143</math> neutrons. Thus the total mass of baryons is<math display='block'>(92 \cdot 1.00727647) + (143 x 1.00866492) = 236.9085188 \mathrm{ u}</math>The mass defect equals<math display='block'>236.9085188 - 235.0439299 = 1.8645889 \mathrm{ u} = 3.096222181 \cdot 10^{-27}\mathrm{ kg}</math>Converting it to energy:<math display='block'>E_{\mathrm{b}} = \Delta m \cdot c_{0}^{2} = 2.79 \cdot 10^{-10}\mathrm{ J} = 1.74\mathrm{ GeV}</math> { How would you expect H‑2 and U‑235 to be used in nuclear reactors? Why? | type="()" coef="2" } + (self‐marked text answer) || H‑2 is used in experimental fusion reactors, since it has a smaller nucleus than iron‑56.<br/><br/>U‑235 is used in fission reactors, since it has a much larger nucleus than iron‑56. </quiz> {{BookCat}} qsyjgq4gfstiblvs3z0d470izvt2ikw 102 213798 4673503 4603622 2026-10-01T17:25:01Z ~2026-52699-08 3627352 added some things into the recipe 4673503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recipesummary | Cuisine = Peruvian | servings = 8 | time = About 45 minutes | difficulty = 2 | Image = [[Image:Ají de gallina (gourmet)-b.jpg|300px]] }}{{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Peru|Cuisine of Peru]] '''''{{lang|es|Ají de Gallina}}''''' (Spanish for chili pepper chicken) is Mr. Anderson is a great teacher and ya. Also this looks great def would try it! a traditional Peruvian dish which has its roots in the social upheaval of the French Revolution in 1789.<ref>[http://friendseat.com/Aji-de-Gallina-Recipe Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on the Friends Eat website]</ref> Chefs working for wealthy families lost their jobs after French aristocrats were imprisoned and executed. Some of these chefs travelled to the New World, including Peru, bringing with them French culinary expertise. Wealthy Peruvian creole families hired them to demonstrate their wealth to the ruling Spaniards.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=Nicholas |title=Aji de gallina |url=http://newworldreview.com/tag/aji-de-gallina/ |website= newworldreview.com |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> The fusion of local cuisines with French cooking traditions led to many new recipes, including ''ají de gallina''. This is a shredded chicken dish in a spicy sauce flavored with cheese, garlic, nuts and Peruvian chili peppers.<ref>[http://www.grouprecipes.com/29399/aji-de-gallina.html Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on the Group Recipes website]</ref> Peruvians love eating this dish on cold days. The dish is often referred to as ''ají de pollo'' when it is prepared with frayed chicken breasts — especially nowadays in which, unlike egg hens raised traditionally on farm lots, the poultry industry breeds caged birds for meat within three months.<ref>[http://recetasdecomidaperuana.org/aji-de-gallina-para-10-porciones.html Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on Peruvian recipes website]</ref> ==Ingredients== * 1300 g (4 [[Cookbook:Pound|lb]]) [[cookbook:chicken|chicken]] * 120 ml (½ [[Cookbook:Cup|cup]]) of [[cookbook:olive oil|olive oil]] * 1 large finely chopped [[cookbook:onion|onion]] * 8 cloves of minced [[cookbook:garlic|garlic]] * 3 hot [[cookbook: Aji amarillo|yellow South American chilis]] (seeds and filaments removed): Adjust quantity for individual taste. * [[cookbook:Salt|Salt]] and [[cookbook:pepper|pepper]] to taste * 1 [[cookbook:Stock|chicken stock]] cube * ¼ loaf of [[cookbook:bread|bread]] * 110 g (¼ lb) of chopped [[cookbook:pecan|pecans]] * 110 g (4 [[Cookbook:Ounce|ounces]]) grated [[cookbook:Parmesan Cheese|Parmesan cheese]] * 1 can of [[cookbook:evaporated milk|evaporated milk]] * 1.6 kg (3.5 lbs) boiled [[cookbook:rice|rice]] (flavored with chopped garlic and salt) * 4 hard boiled [[cookbook:egg|eggs]] * 6 [[cookbook:Potato|potatoes]] * 120 g (½ cup) [[cookbook:Olive|black olives]] ==Preparation== #[[cookbook:Boil|Boil]] chicken in salted water together with the stock cube. Remove bones and break into bite size pieces, keeping the resulting chicken stock. #In a [[cookbook:saucepan|saucepan]], heat oil and [[cookbook:sauté|sauté]] the onion, garlic, and finely chopped chili peppers and add salt and pepper. Fry this until the onions are cooked and golden. #Soak the bread in two cups of the stock from the boiled chicken and place in a [[cookbook:blender|blender]] for a couple of minutes and then add the resulting liquid to the saucepan. #Cook slowly for ten minutes. Cook slowly, stirring to thicken. #While the Ají de Gallina is cooking slowly, boil the rice: first fry the garlic for a couple of seconds, then add the rice and the salt, then add the water. When the water starts to boil, let the rice cook in a closed pot very slowly for about 20 minutes or until the water has completely evaporated (hint: to cook "peruvian" rice: cook a cup of rice in two cups of water). #Back to the Ají de Gallina: add the chopped pecans, grated cheese, and chicken pieces. Cook until it has a thick creamy texture. About five minutes before serving, add the evaporated milk and continue cooking on low heat. #Serve over the boiled rice and garnish with halved potatoes, eggs quartered lengthwise, and olives. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Featured recipes]] [[Category:Peruvian recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using chicken]] [[Category:Recipes using rice]] [[Category:Recipes_with_metric_units]] [[Category:Boiled recipes]] [[Category:Recipes with images]] [[es:Artes culinarias/Recetas/Ají de gallina]] [[Category:Recipes using parmesan]] [[Category:Recipes using evaporated milk]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using bread]] [[Category:Recipes using garlic]] tdcpex2bq2fzhcbjnae1yk0n97vlkdf 4673504 4673503 2026-10-01T17:31:34Z ~2026-52699-08 3627352 added some things into the recipe 4673504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recipesummary | Cuisine = Peruvian | servings = 8 | time = About 45 minutes | difficulty = 2 | Image = [[Image:Ají de gallina (gourmet)-b.jpg|300px]] }}{{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Peru|Cuisine of Peru]] '''''{{lang|es|Ají de Gallina}}''''' (Spanish for chili pepper chicken) is Mr. Anderson is a great teacher and ya. Also this looks great def would try it! a traditional Peruvian dish which has its roots in the social upheaval of the French Revolution in 1789.<ref>[http://friendseat.com/Aji-de-Gallina-Recipe Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on the Friends Eat website]</ref> Chefs working for wealthy families lost their jobs after French aristocrats were imprisoned and executed. Some of these chefs travelled to the New World, including Why are you reading a Wikipedia recipe. Anyways I have so much homework. (sad face). Wealthy Peruvian creole families hired them to demonstrate their wealth to the ruling Spaniards.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=Nicholas |title=Aji de gallina |url=http://newworldreview.com/tag/aji-de-gallina/ |website= newworldreview.com |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> The fusion of local cuisines with French cooking traditions led to many new recipes, including ''ají de gallina''. This is a shredded chicken dish in a spicy sauce flavored with cheese, garlic, nuts and Peruvian chili peppers.<ref>[http://www.grouprecipes.com/29399/aji-de-gallina.html Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on the Group Recipes website]</ref> Peruvians love eating this dish on cold days. The dish is often referred to as ''ají de pollo'' when it is prepared with frayed chicken breasts — especially nowadays in which, unlike egg hens raised traditionally on farm lots, the poultry industry breeds caged birds for meat within three months.<ref>[http://recetasdecomidaperuana.org/aji-de-gallina-para-10-porciones.html Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on Peruvian recipes website]</ref> ==Ingredients== * 1300 g (4 [[Cookbook:Pound|lb]]) [[cookbook:chicken|chicken]] * 120 ml (½ [[Cookbook:Cup|cup]]) of [[cookbook:olive oil|olive oil]] * 1 large finely chopped [[cookbook:onion|onion]] * 8 cloves of minced [[cookbook:garlic|garlic]] * 3 hot [[cookbook: Aji amarillo|yellow South American chilis]] (seeds and filaments removed): Adjust quantity for individual taste. * [[cookbook:Salt|Salt]] and [[cookbook:pepper|pepper]] to taste * 1 [[cookbook:Stock|chicken stock]] cube * ¼ loaf of [[cookbook:bread|bread]] * 110 g (¼ lb) of chopped [[cookbook:pecan|pecans]] * 110 g (4 [[Cookbook:Ounce|ounces]]) grated [[cookbook:Parmesan Cheese|Parmesan cheese]] * 1 can of [[cookbook:evaporated milk|evaporated milk]] * 1.6 kg (3.5 lbs) boiled [[cookbook:rice|rice]] (flavored with chopped garlic and salt) * 4 hard boiled [[cookbook:egg|eggs]] * 6 [[cookbook:Potato|potatoes]] * 120 g (½ cup) [[cookbook:Olive|black olives]] ==Preparation== #[[cookbook:Boil|Boil]] chicken in salted water together with the stock cube. Remove bones and break into bite size pieces, keeping the resulting chicken stock. #In a [[cookbook:saucepan|saucepan]], heat oil and [[cookbook:sauté|sauté]] the onion, garlic, and finely chopped chili peppers and add salt and pepper. Fry this until the onions are cooked and golden. #Soak the bread in two cups of the stock from the boiled chicken and place in a [[cookbook:blender|blender]] for a couple of minutes and then add the resulting liquid to the saucepan. #Cook slowly for ten minutes. Cook slowly, stirring to thicken. #While the Ají de Gallina is cooking slowly, boil the rice: first fry the garlic for a couple of seconds, then add the rice and the salt, then add the water. When the water starts to boil, let the rice cook in a closed pot very slowly for about 20 minutes or until the water has completely evaporated (hint: to cook "peruvian" rice: cook a cup of rice in two cups of water). #Back to the Ají de Gallina: add the chopped pecans, grated cheese, and chicken pieces. Cook until it has a thick creamy texture. About five minutes before serving, add the evaporated milk and continue cooking on low heat. #Serve over the boiled rice and garnish with halved potatoes, eggs quartered lengthwise, and olives. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Featured recipes]] [[Category:Peruvian recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using chicken]] [[Category:Recipes using rice]] [[Category:Recipes_with_metric_units]] [[Category:Boiled recipes]] [[Category:Recipes with images]] [[es:Artes culinarias/Recetas/Ají de gallina]] [[Category:Recipes using parmesan]] [[Category:Recipes using evaporated milk]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using bread]] [[Category:Recipes using garlic]] 88xva3px0staqna3y9h31o35p0xl3jo 4673506 4673504 2026-10-01T17:57:12Z Codename Noreste 3441010 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-52699-08|~2026-52699-08]] ([[User talk:~2026-52699-08|talk]]) to last version by ~2025-36169-36 4603622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recipesummary | Cuisine = Peruvian | servings = 8 | time = About 45 minutes | difficulty = 2 | Image = [[Image:Ají de gallina (gourmet)-b.jpg|300px]] }}{{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Peru|Cuisine of Peru]] '''''{{lang|es|Ají de Gallina}}''''' (Spanish for chili pepper chicken) is a traditional Peruvian dish which has its roots in the social upheaval of the French Revolution in 1789.<ref>[http://friendseat.com/Aji-de-Gallina-Recipe Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on the Friends Eat website]</ref> Chefs working for wealthy families lost their jobs after French aristocrats were imprisoned and executed. Some of these chefs travelled to the New World, including Peru, bringing with them French culinary expertise. Wealthy Peruvian creole families hired them to demonstrate their wealth to the ruling Spaniards.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=Nicholas |title=Aji de gallina |url=http://newworldreview.com/tag/aji-de-gallina/ |website= newworldreview.com |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> The fusion of local cuisines with French cooking traditions led to many new recipes, including ''ají de gallina''. This is a shredded chicken dish in a spicy sauce flavored with cheese, garlic, nuts and Peruvian chili peppers.<ref>[http://www.grouprecipes.com/29399/aji-de-gallina.html Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on the Group Recipes website]</ref> Peruvians love eating this dish on cold days. The dish is often referred to as ''ají de pollo'' when it is prepared with frayed chicken breasts — especially nowadays in which, unlike egg hens raised traditionally on farm lots, the poultry industry breeds caged birds for meat within three months.<ref>[http://recetasdecomidaperuana.org/aji-de-gallina-para-10-porciones.html Info on ''ají de gallina'' recipe on Peruvian recipes website]</ref> ==Ingredients== * 1300 g (4 [[Cookbook:Pound|lb]]) [[cookbook:chicken|chicken]] * 120 ml (½ [[Cookbook:Cup|cup]]) of [[cookbook:olive oil|olive oil]] * 1 large finely chopped [[cookbook:onion|onion]] * 8 cloves of minced [[cookbook:garlic|garlic]] * 3 hot [[cookbook: Aji amarillo|yellow South American chilis]] (seeds and filaments removed): Adjust quantity for individual taste. * [[cookbook:Salt|Salt]] and [[cookbook:pepper|pepper]] to taste * 1 [[cookbook:Stock|chicken stock]] cube * ¼ loaf of [[cookbook:bread|bread]] * 110 g (¼ lb) of chopped [[cookbook:pecan|pecans]] * 110 g (4 [[Cookbook:Ounce|ounces]]) grated [[cookbook:Parmesan Cheese|Parmesan cheese]] * 1 can of [[cookbook:evaporated milk|evaporated milk]] * 1.6 kg (3.5 lbs) boiled [[cookbook:rice|rice]] (flavored with chopped garlic and salt) * 4 hard boiled [[cookbook:egg|eggs]] * 6 [[cookbook:Potato|potatoes]] * 120 g (½ cup) [[cookbook:Olive|black olives]] ==Preparation== #[[cookbook:Boil|Boil]] chicken in salted water together with the stock cube. Remove bones and break into bite size pieces, keeping the resulting chicken stock. #In a [[cookbook:saucepan|saucepan]], heat oil and [[cookbook:sauté|sauté]] the onion, garlic, and finely chopped chili peppers and add salt and pepper. Fry this until the onions are cooked and golden. #Soak the bread in two cups of the stock from the boiled chicken and place in a [[cookbook:blender|blender]] for a couple of minutes and then add the resulting liquid to the saucepan. #Cook slowly for ten minutes. Cook slowly, stirring to thicken. #While the Ají de Gallina is cooking slowly, boil the rice: first fry the garlic for a couple of seconds, then add the rice and the salt, then add the water. When the water starts to boil, let the rice cook in a closed pot very slowly for about 20 minutes or until the water has completely evaporated (hint: to cook "peruvian" rice: cook a cup of rice in two cups of water). #Back to the Ají de Gallina: add the chopped pecans, grated cheese, and chicken pieces. Cook until it has a thick creamy texture. About five minutes before serving, add the evaporated milk and continue cooking on low heat. #Serve over the boiled rice and garnish with halved potatoes, eggs quartered lengthwise, and olives. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Featured recipes]] [[Category:Peruvian recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using chicken]] [[Category:Recipes using rice]] [[Category:Recipes_with_metric_units]] [[Category:Boiled recipes]] [[Category:Recipes with images]] [[es:Artes culinarias/Recetas/Ají de gallina]] [[Category:Recipes using parmesan]] [[Category:Recipes using evaporated milk]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using bread]] [[Category:Recipes using garlic]] 9bmu4pb2nu2mpast6u2eywmhypqhrsj 0 214549 4673440 4669898 2026-10-01T13:31:05Z ~2026-52932-57 3627329 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/4669898|4669898]] by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-49571-82|~2026-49571-82]] ([[User talk:~2026-49571-82|discuss]]) (possible accidental edit: random inserted code) 4673440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{incomplete}} == Scalar arithmetic operators == The scalar arithmetic operators take numbers as operands and produce a new number. {| class="wikitable" |&#43; |add |- |&#45; |subtract |- |* |multiply |- |/ |divide |- |% |modulo |- |^ |exponent {{requires|2021.01}} |} The <code>-</code> can also be used as prefix operator to negate a number. Prior to version 2021.01, the builtin mathematical function <code>[[OpenSCAD User Manual/Mathematical Functions#pow|pow()]]</code> is used instead of the <code>^</code> exponent operator. : '''Example:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a=[ for(i=[0:10]) i%2 ]; echo(a);//ECHO: [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0] </syntaxhighlight> A number modulo 2 is zero if even and one if odd. == Binary arithmetic == {{requires|Development snapshot}} {| class="wikitable" |&#124; |OR |- |&amp; |AND |- |<< |Left shift |- |>> |Right shift (sign preserving) |- |~ |Unary NOT |} Integer values are converted to at least 64-bit signed integers for binary arithmetic, and then converted back. Note that OpenSCAD numbers have at least 53 bits of precision; binary arithmetic exceeding 2^53 may be imprecise. == Relational operators == Relational operators produce a boolean result from two operands. {| class="wikitable" |< |less than |- |<= |less or equal |- |== |equal |- |!= |not equal |- |>= |greater or equal |- |> |greater than |} If both operands are simple numbers, the meaning is self-evident. If both operands are strings, alphabetical sorting determines equality and order. E.g., "ab" > "aa" > "a". If both operands are Booleans, ''true'' > ''false''. In an inequality comparison between a Boolean and a number ''true'' is treated as 1 and ''false'' is treated as 0. Other inequality tests involving Booleans return false. If both operands are vectors, an equality test returns ''true'' when the vectors are identical and ''false'' otherwise. Inequality tests involving one or two vectors always return ''false'', so for example [1] < [2] is ''false''. Dissimilar types always test as unequal with '==' and '!='. Inequality comparisons between dissimilar types, except for Boolean and numbers as noted above, always result in ''false''. Note that [1] and 1 are different types so [1] == 1 is false. <code>undef</code> doesn't equal anything but ''undef''. Inequality comparisons involving ''undef'' result in ''false''. <code>nan</code> doesn't equal anything (not even itself) and inequality tests all produce ''false''. See [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Numbers|Numbers]]. == Logical operators == All logical operators take Booleans as operands and produce a Boolean. Non-Boolean quantities are converted to Booleans before the operator is evaluated. {| class="wikitable" |&& | logical AND |- |&#124;&#124; | logical OR |- |! | logical unary NOT |- |} Since <code>[false]</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>false || [false]</code> is also <code>true</code>. Logical operators deal with vectors differently than relational operators: <code>[1, 1] > [0, 2]</code> is <code>false</code>, but <code>[false, false] && [false, false]</code> is <code>true</code>. == Conditional operator == The <code>?:</code> operator can be used to conditionally evaluate one or another expression. It works like the <code>?:</code> operator from the family of C-like programming languages. {| class="wikitable" |&nbsp;?&nbsp;: |Conditional operator |} {| width="75%" |'''Usage Example:''' |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a=1; b=2; c= a==b ? 4 : 5; </syntaxhighlight> If a equals b, then c is set to 4, else c is set to 5. <br> The part "a==b" must be something that evaluates to a boolean value. |} == Vector-number operators == The vector-number operators take a vector and a number as operands and produce a new vector. {| class="wikitable" |* |multiply all vector elements by number |- |/ |divide all vector elements by number |} : '''Example''' L = [1, [2, [3, "a"] ] ]; echo(5*L); // ECHO: [5, [10, [15, undef]]] == Vector operators == The vector operators take vectors as operands and produce a new vector. {| class="wikitable" |&#43; |add element-wise |- |&#45; |subtract element-wise |} The <code>-</code> can also be used as prefix operator to element-wise negate a vector. : '''Example''' L1 = [1, [2, [3, "a"] ] ]; L2 = [1, [2, 3] ]; echo(L1+L1); // ECHO: [2, [4, [6, undef]]] echo(L1+L2); // ECHO: [2, [4, undef]] Using + or - with vector operands of different sizes produce a result vector that is the size of the smaller vector. == Vector dot-product operator == If both operands of multiplication are simple vectors, the result is a number according to the linear algebra rule for [[w:Dot_product|dot product]]. <code>c = u*v;</code> results in <math>c = \sum u_iv_i</math>. If the operands' sizes don't match, the result is <code>undef</code>. {{BookCat}} == Matrix multiplication == If one or both operands of multiplication are matrices, the result is a simple vector or matrix according to the linear algebra rules for [[w:Matrix_multiplication#Matrix_product_.28two_matrices.29|matrix product]]. In the following, {{math|A, B, C...}} are matrices, {{math|u, v, w...}} are vectors. Subscripts {{math|i, j}} denote element indices. For {{math|A}} a matrix of size {{math|n × m}} and {{math|B}} a matrix of size {{math|m × p}}, their product <code>C = A*B;</code> is a matrix of size {{math|n × p}} with elements <math>C_{ij} = \sum_{k=0}^{m-1} A_{ik}B_{kj}</math>. <code>C = B*A;</code> results in <code>undef</code> unless {{math|n}} = {{math|p}}. For {{math|A}} a matrix of size {{math|n × m}} and {{math|v}} a vector of size {{math|m}}, their product <code>u = A*v;</code> is a vector of size {{math|n}} with elements <math>u_{i} = \sum_{k=0}^{m-1} A_{ik}v_{k}</math>. In linear algebra, this is the [[w:Matrix_multiplication#Square_matrix_and_column_vector|product of a matrix and a column vector]]. For {{math|v}} a vector of size {{math|n}} and {{math|A}} a matrix of size {{math|n × m}}, their product <code>u = v*A;</code> is a vector of size {{math|m}} with elements <math>u_{j} = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} v_{k}A_{kj}</math>. In linear algebra, this is the product of a row vector and a matrix. Matrix multiplication is not commutative: <math>AB \neq BA</math>, <math>Av \neq vA</math>. {{BookCat}} mr5e56j0qyfui7v0a9x79d3yb7zo48q 0 221625 4673431 4567342 2026-10-01T12:40:39Z Jcb 90773 4673431 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>'''Thyroid Lymphoma'''</big> ==Background== Lymphomas make up only 2% of all thyroid gland malignancies. Thryoid gland lymphomas make up only 2% of extranodal lymphomas. Associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis ==Pathology== Nearly all thyroid lymphomas are B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid and T cell lymphomas have been reported but are very rare. 60-80% are DLBCL; 30% are extranodal marginal zone lymphoma; <10% follicular lymphoma. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT type) is most commonly associated with Hashimoto's. ==Staging== 50% - Stage IE (limited to thyroid gland) 45% - Stage IIE (limited to thyroid gland and regional nodes) 5% - Stage III/IV ==Treatment results== '''''Case Series:''''' *'''Royal Marsden Hospital; 2005''' (1936-96) {{PMID|15845932}} -- "Management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid: the Royal Marsden Hospital experience." (Harrington KJ, Br J Radiol. 2005 May;78(929):405-10.) **91 pts, retrospective. Stage I-II in 91% (38%/53%). Path = not reviewed or reclassified. 91% were intermediate or high grade. **Treatment: 89 pts received RT. 27 pts received chemotherapy (13 planned, either prior to or following RT; 14 for relapse after RT; 2 chemo alone). RT was EFRT (modified mantle) in 64, IFRT (thyroid + neck) in 25. Dose: median 40 Gy. **5-yr OS 48%, median RFS 34 mo. Multivariate analysis for OS: Stage, Debulking Surgery, EFRT (HR=0.45) vs IFRT. Dose was not significant for OS but was sig. for LC. 52% of pts with IFRT had LRF (20% local alone, 32% L+D) vs 26% for EFRT (9% local alone, 17% L+D). **Conclusion: IFRT should be abandoned in favor of EFRT. Suggest dose of 40 Gy in 20 fractions. EFRT alone is effective for Stage I but not Stage II. For Stage II or higher, chemotherapy followed by EFRT is recommended. *'''MDACC; 2001''' (1959-94) {{PMID|11241227}} -- "Localized non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the thyroid gland." (Ha CS, Cancer. 2001 Feb 15;91(4):629-35.) **51 pts, retrospective. Stage I-II (41%/59%). Path = Working Formulation: DLCL in 60%; 96% were intermediate or high grade. A subset(n=13) of pts were retroactively classified by immunophenotype and 28 were reclassified according to the WHO classification. **Treatment: 24 chemo+RT, 18 pts surgery+RT, 5 chemo alone, 4 surgery alone. RT was modified mantle in 34, involved field in 8. Dose: median 42 Gy in 21 fractions. **Median f/u 10 yrs (23 yrs for RT alone, 8 yrs for CMT). OS 5 yrs 64%, 10 yrs 49% (Stage I 80%@5y,55%@10y; Stage II 53%/45%); CSS 75%/75%; FFS 76%/76% (Stage I 88%/88%; Stage II 68%/68%). FFS at 5 and 10y was 91% for CMT, 76% for RT alone, and 50% for chemo alone (NS). **Conclusion: excellent prognosis for Stage I/II pts treated with CMT. Distant recurrence is common. IPI was a significant prognostic factor. *'''Princess Margaret Hospital; 1993''' {{PMID|8226154}} -- "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid gland: prognostic factors and treatment outcome. The Princess Margaret Hospital Lymphoma Group." (Tsang RW, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993 Oct 20;27(3):599-604.) *'''Royal Marsden Hospital; 1986''' {{PMID|3759532}} -- "Primary lymphoma of the thyroid: clinical features, prognostic factors, and results of treatment." (Tupchong L, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1986 Oct;12(10):1813-21.) *'''1986''' {{PMID|2428787}} -- "Thyroid lymphomas stages IE and IIE: comparative results for radiotherapy only, combination chemotherapy only, and multimodality treatment." (Vigliotti A, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1986 Oct;12(10):1807-12.) *'''Mayo; 1985''' {{PMID|3918965}} -- "Radiotherapeutic management of primary thyroid lymphoma." (Blair TJ, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1985 Feb;11(2):365-70.) '''''Clinicopathologic Studies:''''' *'''AFIP; 2000''' {{PMID|10800981}} -- "Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study of 108 cases." (Derringer GA, Am J Surg Pathol. 2000 May;24(5):623-39.) *'''Royal Marsden Hospital / British National Lymphoma Investigation (BNLI); 1994''' {{PMID|7826922}} -- "The significance of MALT histology in thyroid lymphoma: a review of patients from the BNLI and Royal Marsden Hospital." (Laing RW, Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1994;6(5):300-4.) *'''Christie Hospital (UK); 1992''' {{PMID|1555984}} -- "Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid: a clinicopathological analysis." (Logue JP, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1992;22(5):929-33.) *'''1985''' {{PMID|3906977}} -- "Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland: a clinical and pathologic study of twenty cases." (Rasbach DA, Surgery. 1985 Dec;98(6):1166-70.) '''''Reviews:''''' *'''University of Calgary; 2007''' {{PMID|17235456}} -- "An evidence-based approach to the treatment of thyroid lymphoma." (Mack LA, World J Surg. 2007 May;31(5):978-86.) *'''Yale; 1994''' {{PMID|8275426}} [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/112676404/abstract Full text] -- "Thyroid lymphoma. The case for combined modality therapy." (Doria R, Cancer. 1994 Jan 1;73(1):200-6.) {{BookCat}} iqko4lhia2ryruetoeutld42nm2d8oe 0 241978 4673600 1951048 2026-10-02T10:59:54Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 chage > change 4673600 wikitext text/x-wiki Yappr is a website where you can practice your English language. This offers you a variety of multimedia material which will help you to improve your listening comprehension and your pronunciation, too. Different kind of videos by native speaker allows you to listen and read the subtitles and at the same time you will find a "video screen" and a "subtitle section" next to it. The web also gives you the possibility to login in and change the subtitles. In this website you can find software that helps you to improve your pronunciation. If you want to download it, you should follow three important steps. Firstly, click on the buttom to install the "Eduspeak". Secondly, select "install this add-on..." Thirdly, select install. '''Main characteristics of Yappr''' 1. Select a phrase of the list on the right to load it. 2. Click on "record" to check your pronunciation. 3. Keep your mark. 4. Click on "hear example" to listen to a sample of recording. 5. Record your voice again to improve your pronunciation. 6. To change the categories, click on "click to choose a phrase". If you are not interested in watching video or in speaking, you can also play games focused on vocabulary and spelling. 1- Alphabet soup: This gives you the possibility of playing according to the vocabulary you have. You have to find as many words as it is possible in three minutes. The more words you find the more coins or points you will get. 2- Bank robber: This is a very interesting game. You have to alert the guard before the thief steals all the bags of money. You have to find out the word selecting different letters. Each time you choose a wrong letter, the thief gets a bag. Guess the correct word before all bags disappear. You should prevent the bank from losing all the money, and help capturing the thief. 3- Twist list: In this game you have to create words by selecting different letters. The more words you create, the higher you score! '''Teaching and learning possibilities''' Yappr is a very useful website full of interesting material for teachers and also for students. You can find videos, pronunciation sets and games, too. So, it is useful for adults and for little children. For example, children can acquire a large amount of new lexical items playing games. Students can be exposed to the language watching videos; if they can not understand the video clearly they have the option of checking with the subtitles. Also if you have an advanced level, they can practice their pronunciation. We know how difficult is to speak in the right way or to acquire all the specific vocabulary needed. In other words, Yappr is the key website because you learn while you play. You can also encourage your students to visit this website and play with the English language. Using multimedia material is very important nowadays. Internet and webpages have become widely used in education because of their capability to present information in an orderly, attractive way. It is believed that it can improve the effectiveness of ELT. {{BookCat}} 79mms9fesdgk5bdt55s8t49p0tvy8sd 0 242160 4673602 3207378 2026-10-02T11:00:33Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 chage > change 4673602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Protein-protein interaction network''' is bindings of multiple proteins with distinct conformation (3D structure). A '''node''' in the network represents a protein and a node that can interact with ten to hundreds of other nodes is considered a hub protein. A '''hub''' protein is essential and contains many distinct binding sites to accommodate non-hub proteins. The problem with understanding a protein-protein network is how one specific hub protein can bind to so many non-hub partners. In certain cases, a change of external environment such as other binding events, partner concentration, pH, ionic strength and temperature can lead to a shift in structural ensemble. But these changes are not capable of accommodating up to hundreds of proteins binding to the same hub. A new approach in understanding protein-protein interaction is to consider proteins as '''gene products'''. Proteins are gene products with different amino acid sequence. A specific set of genes or related genes can have multiple distinct sequences, structures and interactions. Each distinct sequence leads to a distinct structure/conformation. The differences among the conformations may be small, but one gene product can interact with many preferred partners. An example is where a pre-mRNA with four exons and three introns can produce three different mRNAs via exon skipping. This correspond to three gene product with three different protein structure with only minor difference in sequence. There are several cellular mechanisms that can result in different gene products with many conformations. In alternative splicing, the combinations of exons could result in 38,016 isoforms – different forms of the same protein. All of these isoforms can have different protein-protein interaction due to conformational variability although they are considered the same protein. In cancer, [[Structural Biochemistry/p53|p53]] is a [[Structural Biochemistry/Tumor suppressor genes|tumor suppressor protein]] encoded by TP53 gene. The isoforms of p53 have many cellular functions. A mutation in TP53 creates multiple gene products of p53, which causes cancer. These p53 variants can regulate hundreds of genes and proteins. The conclusion is that, although a node in a network is one protein, but the same protein can have multiple gene products with many conformations. Each node of the same protein can be slightly difference in sequence with distinct three-dimensional structure. These differences allows a node to bind with hundreds of partners are different time and perform many essential biological functions.<ref>Chung-Jung Tasi, Buyong Ma and Ruth Nussinov, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.</ref> ==Network Approach== The network approach helps determine the role of a specific amino acid at a known position in the protein structure. Networks simplify complex system behaviors by splitting the system into a series of links. Links represent the neighboring positions of amino acids in protein molecules. Because proteins are linked in this way and protein structure networks are connected to each other by only a few other amino acid elements, we can determine folding probability. Proteins with denser protein structure networks fold more easily and the folding probability increases as the protein structure becomes more compact. The network approach can also be applied to the prediction of active centers in proteins. Active centers are protein segments that play key parts in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme function shown by their respective proteins. Scientists have used long-range network topology to create a network skeletons from which they can study only side chains which are essential in the flow of information for the whole protein. Network analysis has showed that active centers occupy a central position in protein structure networks, usually have many neighbors, give unique linkages in their neighborhood, integrate communication for the entire network, do not take part in wasteful actions of ordinary residues, and collect and coordinate most of the energy in the network.<ref name="test">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed Link text], additional text.</ref> ==Terms== * HOT SPOTS – Essential amino acid deposits of protein-binding sites that have a particularly high binding free energy. Can cluster to form densely packed ‘hot regions’. * ACTIVE CENTRE – Protein segment that plays a key part in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme function shown by the respective protein. * BINDING SITE – Amino acid side chains located at the binding interface. * CENTRAL RESIDUES – Contain catalytic residues (active centres) in addition to binding sites and hit spots. * CREATIVE ELEMENTS: Least specialized and best among all network elements to live a separated life away from the rest of the network. This is why they continuously change their contacts. They must connect to elements that are not directly connected to each other so that they do not create a large cumulative disorder that can lead to permanent change. .<ref name="test"/> {{reflist}} {{BookCat}} 0ddobr8di1uw742sat38doomqoowct0 1 243798 4673505 4628901 2026-10-01T17:48:24Z ILYA125467 3627024 /* Could we maybe have a color for provisionally assigned characters? */ new section 4673505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkheader|search=yes|bottom=yes}} == Give abbreviation meanings == I like to use this table for reference, but the headings "BMP SMP SIP SSP PU" make no sense - could they be linked to what they stand for? --[[User:WiseWoman|WiseWoman]] ([[User talk:WiseWoman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/WiseWoman|contribs]]) 20:28, 16 July 2018 (UTC) == Could we maybe add headers that you can actually click on to reach that part onto the section pages == Note: Put it here as this is the only page in common with all the section pages [[User:NP240211WM|NP240211WM]] ([[User talk:NP240211WM|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/NP240211WM|contribs]]) 10:16, 7 December 2020 (UTC) == Use templates for colours == This is the same idea in the archived post [[Talk:Unicode/Character reference/Archive 1#Revised unicode versions chart]]. But my suggestions for the template names are: * [[Template:1.0]] * [[Template:1.0.1]] * [[Template:1.1]] * [[Template:2.0]] * [[Template:2.1]] * [[Template:3.0]] * [[Template:3.1]] * [[Template:3.2]] * [[Template:4.0]] * [[Template:4.1]] * [[Template:5.0]] * [[Template:5.1]] * [[Template:5.2]] * [[Template:6.0]] * [[Template:6.1]] * [[Template:6.2]] * [[Template:6.3]] * [[Template:7.0]] * [[Template:8.0]] * [[Template:9.0]] * [[Template:10.0]] * [[Template:11.0]] * [[Template:12.0]] * [[Template:12.1]] * [[Template:13.0]] * [[Template:14.0]] * [[Template:15.0]] * [[Template:15.1]] * [[Template:Pua]] * [[Template:Sur]] * [[Template:Res]] * [[Template:Nch]] I think the current colour scheme is too confusing, with some colours being too similar, like the ones for 13.0 and 14.0. But changing the colour scheme is too tedious, and the colour scheme is inconsistent and not documented properly while its being changed, that is probably why the colour scheme hasn't seen too much improvement over the years. The templates should be created with the current colours to avoid inconsistency, and after they are fully implemented, the colour scheme should be improved. [[User:Grey Clownfish|Grey Clownfish]] ([[User talk:Grey Clownfish|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Grey Clownfish|contribs]]) 02:00, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Please use [[Template:Pua]] for private use characters. Currently, they appear in the background colour, not necessarily white. So they actually appear black in dark mode. This is a problem because black is the colour for noncharacters. Template:Pua specifies a white background. [[User:Grey Clownfish|Grey Clownfish]] ([[User talk:Grey Clownfish|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Grey Clownfish|contribs]]) 09:56, 16 July 2024 (UTC) == Unreleased Unicode versions == I'm not sure why future versions of Unicode were added to the Unicode Legend. I wonder if any of the future versions listed are even necessary in the legend at this time (well, maybe except Unicode 17.0 since we do need a color reserved for it when it releases in September this year). -[[User:GeniusWorkbench4622|GeniusWorkbench4622]] ([[User talk:GeniusWorkbench4622|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GeniusWorkbench4622|contribs]]) 22:09, 23 July 2025 (UTC) == Can someone undo the last edit? == [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] added a "</ div>" at the end of the page. This changes all of the fonts of all of the pages of Unicode/Character reference/... (which [[User:MarcoToa1|MarcoToa1]] added for better rendering) back to Arial. Can someone undo this edit (because I can't)? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-26895-67|&#126;2025-26895-67]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-26895-67|talk]]) 14:13, 12 October 2025 (UTC) == Characters from unreleased versions == I wonder why there are characters for Unicode versions that are not released yet present on these pages? Shouldn't the characters on the page be from Unicode versions that have already been released (17.0 as of writing this)? -<span style="font-family:Lentariso">[[User:GeniusWorkbench4622|Genius]][[User_talk:GeniusWorkbench4622|Workbench]][[Special:Contributions/GeniusWorkbench4622|4622]]</span> 01:36, 1 April 2026 (UTC) == Could we maybe have a color for provisionally assigned characters? == Some characters have been already assigned (but not yet accepted) for future Unicode updates. Maybe we could have a separate color to show that a character has been provisionally assigned? [[User:ILYA125467|ILYA125467]] ([[User talk:ILYA125467|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ILYA125467|contribs]]) 17:48, 1 October 2026 (UTC) ikkv97hrnfdqzc2ztn5zl16j853z18g 10 245350 4673484 4641914 2026-10-01T16:11:19Z ~2026-52660-80 3627341 4673484 wikitext text/x-wiki {67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH{mbox | type = delete | text = <div> * '''Do not ask general questions on this page. Do not comment on books on this page.''' * To comment on a book, '''go back''' to that book's discussion page. * This page is for discussing the Wikibooks page "[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]". * [[WB:HELP|'''Use ''this link'' to ask questions and get answers''']]. </div>}}<noinclude> {{documentation|content={{Metatalk/doc}}}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ldje2spdwfr0j5b08a32u7lyrmle6co 4673487 4673484 2026-10-01T16:14:10Z Saroj 3098642 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-52660-80|~2026-52660-80]] ([[User talk:~2026-52660-80|talk]]) to last version by JackPetro2028 4641914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | type = delete | text = <div> * '''Do not ask general questions on this page. Do not comment on books on this page.''' * To comment on a book, '''go back''' to that book's discussion page. * This page is for discussing the Wikibooks page "[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]". * [[WB:HELP|'''Use ''this link'' to ask questions and get answers''']]. </div>}}<noinclude> {{documentation|content={{Metatalk/doc}}}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 75xzc0v164jnbx0900gusec2d3rbg24 0 246671 4673576 4641770 2026-10-02T06:25:22Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 Grammar was fixed. 4673576 wikitext text/x-wiki =History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language= Ukrainian is one of the names of one of the East Slavic languages of Rus' (Rusian), and core literary language norms formed on the basis of the old ancient Principality of (Kyivan) Rus. There is evidence of human presence in Ukraine dating back several millennia. The people who lived on the lands of modern Ukraine in different epochs were known under such names as Scythes, Sarmatians, Goths, Huns, Slavians, Ruthenians, Tartars, Cossacks, and finally, Ukrainians. The history of literature, literary language, and the alphabet can be traced back to the translations of Christian texts (among them the Psalter and Holy Scripture) in the IXth-12th centuries, which formed the basis of the language norm in the Principality of Rus' with the center in Kyiv. Kyiv, the modern capital and largest city of Ukraine, seems to have been established in the 5th century AD by the Polanian tribe—one of the Slavic tribes who inhabited the Ukrainian steppes ('pole'—POHleh)—as a Slavic trading post. Hegemony over the city and the surrounding area shifted between different groups of Slavic and non-Slavic peoples, and it eventually grew to become the capital of Rus'. The early Glagolitic and Cyrillic writing systems were developed in other Slavic regions at this time. Later, in the XIII century, the lands of the Principality of Rus' and its capital were pillaged by the Great Horde, an event that deepened the already evolving split of the varied and loosely connected one Rusian (Ruthenian) society into different parts, forming the modern Ukrainian (Rus'-Ukrainian), Belarusian (White Ruthenian), and Russian (Great, or extended-wider Rusian [Russian]) nations with related but distinct languages. In the XIII-XIV cc., territories including Kyiv and areas west and south of Kyiv formed the first uniquely Ukrainian state, Halych-Volynia, and other principalities, which were finally conquered by Poland and Lithuania in the 14th-16th centuries. The non-Rusian (Ruthenian-Ukrainian) territories to the east and northeast were left under the rule of princes of the ancient Rus' dynasty, the Rurik descendants, under the determinative Mongolian suzerainy. During the epoch of XIII-XVI cc., the language in Ukraine gradually incorporated new words from the languages of surrounding peoples and countries, among others—Greek, Latin, Polish, Turkish, Turkmen-Tatar, and so on. Also in this period people of this area further developed a second name to designate Rus' as "propria"—"Ukrayina"—Ukraine. The evolving Ukrainian language became further differentiated from the nascent Russian language, which incorporated Finno-Ugric and Mongolian words, and later formed the Belarusian language, which incorporated Lithuanian influences. In the XIV-XV centuries, areas of Ukraine began to free themselves from the dominance of the Great Horde. Some of them fell under Polish and Lithuanian rule, but others (self-governing Cossack communities of the steppe) did not; they strove, instead, for independence. In the XVII century, central Ukraine (Rus'-propria (menora)) gave birth to the Cossack State. After regaining independence, the revived Ukraine-Rusian Cossack State was incorporated into the structure of Russian (Muscovite) czardom and society. In the XVIII century, a lot of the Russian-Ukrainian citizens were enslaved as Muscovite (Russian) bondmen. In the XIX century, their descendants regained partial independence as individuals but had their language declared non-existent; so, in 1917, they proclaimed the revival of a free, independent Republic of Ukrainian-Ruthenian (Rusian) Cossack nation, with Ukrainian as the main official language, with secondary roles for the Russian, Polish, and Yiddish languages. Later, the Republic was conquered and became part of the USSR until 1991. So the Ukrainian language is a direct descendant of Proto-Slavic, from which all the Slavic languages evolved, being separated after the Migration Period in between the 4th and 7th century. The evolution of Ukrainian to its contemporary stage began in the 12th century and was completed during the 14th and 16th centuries, with enduring transitional and regional forms. The old names of the Ukrainian language were "Rus'" and "Ruthenian or Rusian language," which should not be wrongly associated with contemporary Russian, which, in modern English, is better translated as "Great Russian." The Ukrainian language is less influenced by Old Church Slavonic, in comparison to Russian. Also, some Latin, German, Polish, and Turkic words were loaned into Ukrainian, as well as Ukrainian words into Russian, Polish, Hungarian, Tatar, Romanian, etc. {{BookCat}} 30btnwe6vp2gah85n3b02jxud65s4td 4673577 4673576 2026-10-02T06:27:09Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 It-is-Truly-Meet moved page [[Ukrainian/History]] to [[Ukrainian/History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language]]: Misspelled title 4673576 wikitext text/x-wiki =History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language= Ukrainian is one of the names of one of the East Slavic languages of Rus' (Rusian), and core literary language norms formed on the basis of the old ancient Principality of (Kyivan) Rus. There is evidence of human presence in Ukraine dating back several millennia. The people who lived on the lands of modern Ukraine in different epochs were known under such names as Scythes, Sarmatians, Goths, Huns, Slavians, Ruthenians, Tartars, Cossacks, and finally, Ukrainians. The history of literature, literary language, and the alphabet can be traced back to the translations of Christian texts (among them the Psalter and Holy Scripture) in the IXth-12th centuries, which formed the basis of the language norm in the Principality of Rus' with the center in Kyiv. Kyiv, the modern capital and largest city of Ukraine, seems to have been established in the 5th century AD by the Polanian tribe—one of the Slavic tribes who inhabited the Ukrainian steppes ('pole'—POHleh)—as a Slavic trading post. Hegemony over the city and the surrounding area shifted between different groups of Slavic and non-Slavic peoples, and it eventually grew to become the capital of Rus'. The early Glagolitic and Cyrillic writing systems were developed in other Slavic regions at this time. Later, in the XIII century, the lands of the Principality of Rus' and its capital were pillaged by the Great Horde, an event that deepened the already evolving split of the varied and loosely connected one Rusian (Ruthenian) society into different parts, forming the modern Ukrainian (Rus'-Ukrainian), Belarusian (White Ruthenian), and Russian (Great, or extended-wider Rusian [Russian]) nations with related but distinct languages. In the XIII-XIV cc., territories including Kyiv and areas west and south of Kyiv formed the first uniquely Ukrainian state, Halych-Volynia, and other principalities, which were finally conquered by Poland and Lithuania in the 14th-16th centuries. The non-Rusian (Ruthenian-Ukrainian) territories to the east and northeast were left under the rule of princes of the ancient Rus' dynasty, the Rurik descendants, under the determinative Mongolian suzerainy. During the epoch of XIII-XVI cc., the language in Ukraine gradually incorporated new words from the languages of surrounding peoples and countries, among others—Greek, Latin, Polish, Turkish, Turkmen-Tatar, and so on. Also in this period people of this area further developed a second name to designate Rus' as "propria"—"Ukrayina"—Ukraine. The evolving Ukrainian language became further differentiated from the nascent Russian language, which incorporated Finno-Ugric and Mongolian words, and later formed the Belarusian language, which incorporated Lithuanian influences. In the XIV-XV centuries, areas of Ukraine began to free themselves from the dominance of the Great Horde. Some of them fell under Polish and Lithuanian rule, but others (self-governing Cossack communities of the steppe) did not; they strove, instead, for independence. In the XVII century, central Ukraine (Rus'-propria (menora)) gave birth to the Cossack State. After regaining independence, the revived Ukraine-Rusian Cossack State was incorporated into the structure of Russian (Muscovite) czardom and society. In the XVIII century, a lot of the Russian-Ukrainian citizens were enslaved as Muscovite (Russian) bondmen. In the XIX century, their descendants regained partial independence as individuals but had their language declared non-existent; so, in 1917, they proclaimed the revival of a free, independent Republic of Ukrainian-Ruthenian (Rusian) Cossack nation, with Ukrainian as the main official language, with secondary roles for the Russian, Polish, and Yiddish languages. Later, the Republic was conquered and became part of the USSR until 1991. So the Ukrainian language is a direct descendant of Proto-Slavic, from which all the Slavic languages evolved, being separated after the Migration Period in between the 4th and 7th century. The evolution of Ukrainian to its contemporary stage began in the 12th century and was completed during the 14th and 16th centuries, with enduring transitional and regional forms. The old names of the Ukrainian language were "Rus'" and "Ruthenian or Rusian language," which should not be wrongly associated with contemporary Russian, which, in modern English, is better translated as "Great Russian." The Ukrainian language is less influenced by Old Church Slavonic, in comparison to Russian. Also, some Latin, German, Polish, and Turkic words were loaned into Ukrainian, as well as Ukrainian words into Russian, Polish, Hungarian, Tatar, Romanian, etc. {{BookCat}} 30btnwe6vp2gah85n3b02jxud65s4td 4673581 4673577 2026-10-02T06:27:29Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 4673581 wikitext text/x-wiki Ukrainian is one of the names of one of the East Slavic languages of Rus' (Rusian), and core literary language norms formed on the basis of the old ancient Principality of (Kyivan) Rus. There is evidence of human presence in Ukraine dating back several millennia. The people who lived on the lands of modern Ukraine in different epochs were known under such names as Scythes, Sarmatians, Goths, Huns, Slavians, Ruthenians, Tartars, Cossacks, and finally, Ukrainians. The history of literature, literary language, and the alphabet can be traced back to the translations of Christian texts (among them the Psalter and Holy Scripture) in the IXth-12th centuries, which formed the basis of the language norm in the Principality of Rus' with the center in Kyiv. Kyiv, the modern capital and largest city of Ukraine, seems to have been established in the 5th century AD by the Polanian tribe—one of the Slavic tribes who inhabited the Ukrainian steppes ('pole'—POHleh)—as a Slavic trading post. Hegemony over the city and the surrounding area shifted between different groups of Slavic and non-Slavic peoples, and it eventually grew to become the capital of Rus'. The early Glagolitic and Cyrillic writing systems were developed in other Slavic regions at this time. Later, in the XIII century, the lands of the Principality of Rus' and its capital were pillaged by the Great Horde, an event that deepened the already evolving split of the varied and loosely connected one Rusian (Ruthenian) society into different parts, forming the modern Ukrainian (Rus'-Ukrainian), Belarusian (White Ruthenian), and Russian (Great, or extended-wider Rusian [Russian]) nations with related but distinct languages. In the XIII-XIV cc., territories including Kyiv and areas west and south of Kyiv formed the first uniquely Ukrainian state, Halych-Volynia, and other principalities, which were finally conquered by Poland and Lithuania in the 14th-16th centuries. The non-Rusian (Ruthenian-Ukrainian) territories to the east and northeast were left under the rule of princes of the ancient Rus' dynasty, the Rurik descendants, under the determinative Mongolian suzerainy. During the epoch of XIII-XVI cc., the language in Ukraine gradually incorporated new words from the languages of surrounding peoples and countries, among others—Greek, Latin, Polish, Turkish, Turkmen-Tatar, and so on. Also in this period people of this area further developed a second name to designate Rus' as "propria"—"Ukrayina"—Ukraine. The evolving Ukrainian language became further differentiated from the nascent Russian language, which incorporated Finno-Ugric and Mongolian words, and later formed the Belarusian language, which incorporated Lithuanian influences. In the XIV-XV centuries, areas of Ukraine began to free themselves from the dominance of the Great Horde. Some of them fell under Polish and Lithuanian rule, but others (self-governing Cossack communities of the steppe) did not; they strove, instead, for independence. In the XVII century, central Ukraine (Rus'-propria (menora)) gave birth to the Cossack State. After regaining independence, the revived Ukraine-Rusian Cossack State was incorporated into the structure of Russian (Muscovite) czardom and society. In the XVIII century, a lot of the Russian-Ukrainian citizens were enslaved as Muscovite (Russian) bondmen. In the XIX century, their descendants regained partial independence as individuals but had their language declared non-existent; so, in 1917, they proclaimed the revival of a free, independent Republic of Ukrainian-Ruthenian (Rusian) Cossack nation, with Ukrainian as the main official language, with secondary roles for the Russian, Polish, and Yiddish languages. Later, the Republic was conquered and became part of the USSR until 1991. So the Ukrainian language is a direct descendant of Proto-Slavic, from which all the Slavic languages evolved, being separated after the Migration Period in between the 4th and 7th century. The evolution of Ukrainian to its contemporary stage began in the 12th century and was completed during the 14th and 16th centuries, with enduring transitional and regional forms. The old names of the Ukrainian language were "Rus'" and "Ruthenian or Rusian language," which should not be wrongly associated with contemporary Russian, which, in modern English, is better translated as "Great Russian." The Ukrainian language is less influenced by Old Church Slavonic, in comparison to Russian. Also, some Latin, German, Polish, and Turkic words were loaned into Ukrainian, as well as Ukrainian words into Russian, Polish, Hungarian, Tatar, Romanian, etc. {{BookCat}} 2uf1rknpfj0s6cz5s0tw97nspx4f3cn 0 248577 4673495 3445676 2026-10-01T16:29:02Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4673495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agile software development''' is a group of software development methodologies based on iterative and incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams. The ''Agile Manifesto''<ref name="Agile Manifesto">{{Cite web |url=http://agilemanifesto.org/ |title=Manifesto for Agile Software Development |year=2001 |publisher=Agile Alliance |author=Beck, Kent |author2=et al.|authorlink=Kent Beck |accessdate=2010-06-14}}</ref> introduced the term in 2001. ==History== === Predecessors === [[File:Jeff Sutherland.JPG|thumb|upright|Jeff Sutherland, one of the creators of the Scrum framework]] Incremental software development methods have been traced back to 1957.<ref name="craig2003"/> In 1974, a paper by E. A. Edmonds introduced an adaptive software development process.<ref name="edmonds1974">{{Cite journal| last=Edmonds| first=E. A.| title= A Process for the Development of Software for Nontechnical Users as an Adaptive System| journal=General Systems| volume=19| year=1974| pages=215–18}}</ref> So-called "lightweight" software development methods evolved in the mid-1990s as a reaction against "heavyweight" methods, which were characterized by their critics as a heavily regulated, regimented, micromanaged, waterfall model of development. Proponents of lightweight methods (and now "agile" methods) contend that they are a return to development practices from early in the history of software development.<ref name="craig2003">Gerald M. Weinberg, as quoted in {{cite journal |last=Larman | first=Craig |first2 =Victor R. |last2=Basili |year=2003 | month=June |title=Iterative and Incremental Development: A Brief History |journal=Computer |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=47–56 |doi=10.1109/MC.2003.1204375 |ISSN=0018-9162 |accessdate=2007-02-22 |quote=We were doing incremental development as early as 1957, in Los Angeles, under the direction of Bernie Dimsdale [at IBM's ServiceBureau Corporation]. He was a colleague of John von Neumann, so perhaps he learned it there, or assumed it as totally natural. I do remember Herb Jacobs (primarily, though we all participated) developing a large simulation for Motorola, where the technique used was, as far as I can tell .... All of us, as far as I can remember, thought waterfalling of a huge project was rather stupid, or at least ignorant of the realities. I think what the waterfall description did for us was make us realize that we were doing something else, something unnamed except for 'software development.'}}</ref> Early implementations of lightweight methods include Scrum (1995), Crystal Clear, Extreme Programming (1996), Adaptive Software Development, Feature Driven Development, and Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) (1995). These are now typically referred to as agile methodologies, after the Agile Manifesto published in 2001.<ref name=Larman2004>{{Cite book | last=Larman | first=Craig | year=2004 | title=Agile and Iterative Development: A Manager's Guide | publisher=Addison-Wesley | isbn=9780131111554 | page=27 | postscript=<!--None--> }}</ref> === Agile Manifesto === In February 2001, 17 software developers<ref>Kent Beck, Mike Beedle, Arie van Bennekum, Alistair Cockburn, Ward Cunningham, Martin Fowler, James Grenning, Jim Highsmith, Andrew Hunt, Ron Jeffries, Jon Kern, Brian Marick, Robert C. Martin, Stephen J. Mellor, Ken Schwaber, Jeff Sutherland, and Dave Thomas</ref> met at a ski resort in Snowbird, Utah, to discuss lightweight development methods. They published the "Manifesto for Agile Software Development"<ref name="Agile Manifesto"/> to define the approach now known as agile software development. Some of the manifesto's authors formed the Agile Alliance, a nonprofit organization that promotes software development according to the manifesto's principles. Agile Manifesto reads, in its entirety, as follows:<ref name="Agile Manifesto"/> <blockquote>We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value: :'''Individuals and interactions''' over processes and tools :'''Working software''' over comprehensive documentation :'''Customer collaboration''' over contract negotiation :'''Responding to change''' over following a plan That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.</blockquote> Twelve principles underlie the Agile Manifesto, including:<ref name="manifestoprinciples">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agilemanifesto.org/principles.html |title=Principles behind the Agile Manifesto|year=2001 |publisher=Agile Alliance |author=Beck, Kent |author2=et al. |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref> * Customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of useful software * Welcome changing requirements, even late in development * Working software is delivered frequently (weeks rather than months) * Working software is the principal measure of progress * Sustainable development, able to maintain a constant pace * Close, daily co-operation between business people and developers * Face-to-face conversation is the best form of communication (co-location) * Projects are built around motivated individuals, who should be trusted * Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design * Simplicity * Self-organizing teams * Regular adaptation to changing circumstances In 2005, a group headed by Alistair Cockburn and Jim Highsmith wrote an addendum of project management principles, the Declaration of Interdependence,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pmdoi.org |authorlink=David Anderson |first=David |last=Anderson |title=Declaration of Interdependence |year=2005}}</ref> to guide software project management according to agile development methods. ==Characteristics== [[Image:Pair programming 1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Pair programming, an XP development technique used by agile]] There are many specific agile development methods. Most promote development, teamwork, collaboration, and process adaptability throughout the life-cycle of the project. Agile methods break tasks into small increments with minimal planning, and do not directly involve long-term planning. Iterations are short time frames (timeboxes) that typically last from one to four weeks. Each iteration involves a team working through a full software development cycle including planning, requirements analysis, design, coding, unit testing, and acceptance testing when a working product is demonstrated to stakeholders. This minimizes overall risk and allows the project to adapt to changes quickly. Stakeholders produce documentation as required. An iteration may not add enough functionality to warrant a market release, but the goal is to have an available release (with minimal bugs) at the end of each iteration.<ref name="embracing change">{{cite journal| last=Beck|first=Kent| year=1999|title=Embracing Change with Extreme Programming| journal=Computer|volume=32|issue=10| pages=70–77| doi=10.1109/2.796139}}</ref> Multiple iterations may be required to release a product or new features. Team composition in an agile project is usually cross-functional and self-organizing without consideration for any existing corporate hierarchy or the corporate roles of team members. Team members normally take responsibility for tasks that deliver the functionality an iteration requires. They decide individually how to meet an iteration's requirements. Agile methods emphasize face-to-face communication over written documents when the team is all in the same location. Most agile teams work in a single open office (called a bullpen), which facilitates such communication. Team size is typically small (5-9 people) to simplify team communication and team collaboration. Larger development efforts may be delivered by multiple teams working toward a common goal or on different parts of an effort. This may require a co-ordination of priorities across teams. When a team works in different locations, they maintain daily contact through videoconferencing, voice, e-mail, etc. No matter what development disciplines are required, each agile team will contain a customer representative. This person is appointed by stakeholders to act on their behalf and makes a personal commitment to being available for developers to answer mid-iteration problem-domain questions. At the end of each iteration, stakeholders and the customer representative review progress and re-evaluate priorities with a view to optimizing the return on investment (ROI) and ensuring alignment with customer needs and company goals. Most agile implementations use a routine and formal daily face-to-face communication among team members. This specifically includes the customer representative and any interested stakeholders as observers. In a brief session, team members report to each other what they did the previous day, what they intend to do today, and what their roadblocks are. This face-to-face communication exposes problems as they arise. Agile development emphasizes working software as the primary measure of progress. This, combined with the preference for face-to-face communication, produces less written documentation than other methods. The agile method encourages stakeholders to prioritize wants with other iteration outcomes based exclusively on business value perceived at the beginning of the iteration. Specific tools and techniques such as continuous integration, automated or xUnit test, pair programming, test driven development, design patterns, domain-driven design, code refactoring and other techniques are often used to improve quality and enhance project agility. ==Comparison with other methods== Agile methods are sometimes characterized as being at the opposite end of the spectrum from "plan-driven" or "disciplined" methods; agile teams may, however, employ highly disciplined formal methods.<ref name="black2009">{{Cite journal| last1=Black| first1=S. E.| last2=Boca.| first2=P. P.| last3=Bowen| first3=J. P.| last4=Gorman| first4=J.| last5= Hinchey| first5=M. G.| authorlink1=Sue Black (computer scientist)| authorlink3=Jonathan Bowen| authorlink5=Michael Hinchey| title= Formal versus agile: Survival of the fittest| journal=IEEE Computer| volume=49| number=9| month=September| year=2009| pages=39–45}}</ref> A more accurate distinction is that methods exist on a continuum from "adaptive" to "predictive".<ref name="boehm2004App">{{cite book|last=Boehm|first=B.|authorlink=Barry Boehm|coauthors=R. Turner|title=Balancing Agility and Discipline: A Guide for the Perplexed|publisher=Addison-Wesley|location=Boston, MA|year=2004|isbn=0-321-18612-5}} Appendix A, pages 165-194</ref> Agile methods lie on the "adaptive" side of this continuum. Adaptive methods focus on adapting quickly to changing realities. When the needs of a project change, an adaptive team changes as well. An adaptive team will have difficulty describing exactly what will happen in the future. The further away a date is, the more vague an adaptive method will be about what will happen on that date. An adaptive team cannot report exactly what tasks are being done next week, but only which features are planned for next month. When asked about a release six months from now, an adaptive team may only be able to report the mission statement for the release, or a statement of expected value vs. cost. Predictive methods, in contrast, focus on planning the future in detail. A predictive team can report exactly what features and tasks are planned for the entire length of the development process. Predictive teams have difficulty changing direction. The plan is typically optimized for the original destination and changing direction can require completed work to be started over. Predictive teams will often institute a change control board to ensure that only the most valuable changes are considered. Formal methods, in contrast to adaptive and predictive methods, focus on computer science theory with a wide array of types of provers. A formal method attempts to prove the absence of errors with some level of determinism. Some formal methods are based on model checking and provide counter examples for code that cannot be proven. Generally, mathematical models (often supported through special languages see SPIN model checker) map to assertions about requirements. Formal methods are dependent on a tool driven approach, and may be combined with other development approaches. Some provers do not easily scale. Like agile methods, manifestos relevant to high integrity software have been proposed in [http://elsmar.com/pdf_files/A%20Manifesto%20for%20High-Integrity%20Software.pdf Crosstalk]. Agile methods have much in common with the "Rapid Application Development" techniques from the 1980/90s as espoused by James Martin and others. ==Agile methods== Well-known agile software development methods include: *Agile Modeling *Agile Unified Process (AUP) *Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) *Essential Unified Process (EssUP) *Extreme Programming (XP) *Feature Driven Development (FDD) *Open Unified Process (OpenUP) *Scrum *Velocity tracking ===Method tailoring=== In the literature, different terms refer to the notion of method adaptation, including ‘method tailoring’, ‘method fragment adaptation’ and ‘situational method engineering’. Method tailoring is defined as: <blockquote> A process or capability in which human agents through responsive changes in, and dynamic interplays between contexts, intentions, and method fragments determine a system development approach for a specific project situation.<ref name="Aydin2004">Aydin, M.N., Harmsen, F., Slooten, K. v., & Stagwee, R. A. (2004). An Agile Information Systems Development Method in use. ''Turk J Elec Engin, 12(2),'' 127-138</ref></blockquote> Potentially, almost all agile methods are suitable for method tailoring. Even the DSDM method is being used for this purpose and has been successfully tailored in a CMM context.<ref name="Abrahamsson2003">Abrahamsson, P., Warsta, J., Siponen, M.T., & Ronkainen, J. (2003). New Directions on Agile Methods: A Comparative Analysis. ''Proceedings of ICSE'03'', 244-254</ref> Situation-appropriateness can be considered as a distinguishing characteristic between agile methods and traditional software development methods, with the latter being relatively much more rigid and prescriptive. The practical implication is that agile methods allow project teams to adapt working practices according to the needs of individual projects. Practices are concrete activities and products that are part of a method framework. At a more extreme level, the philosophy behind the method, consisting of a number of principles, could be adapted (Aydin, 2004).<ref name="Aydin2004" /> Extreme Programming (XP) makes the need for method adaptation explicit. One of the fundamental ideas of XP is that no one process fits every project, but rather that practices should be tailored to the needs of individual projects. Partial adoption of XP practices, as suggested by Beck, has been reported on several occasions.<ref name="Abrahamsson2002">Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J., & Warsta, J. (2002). Agile Software Development Methods: Review and Analysis. ''VTT Publications 478''</ref> A tailoring practice is proposed by [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1370143.1370149&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=69442744&CFTOKEN=96226775, Mehdi Mirakhorli] which provides sufficient roadmap and guideline for adapting all the practices. RDP Practice is designed for customizing XP. This practice, first proposed as a long research paper in the APSO workshop at the ICSE 2008 conference, is currently the only proposed and applicable method for customizing XP. Although it is specifically a solution for XP, this practice has the capability of extending to other methodologies. At first glance, this practice seems to be in the category of static method adaptation but experiences with RDP Practice says that it can be treated like dynamic method adaptation. The distinction between static method adaptation and dynamic method adaptation is subtle.<ref name="Aydin2005">Aydin, M.N., Harmsen, F., Slooten van K., & Stegwee, R.A. (2005). On the Adaptation of An Agile Information(Suren) Systems Development Method. ''Journal of Database Management Special issue on Agile Analysis, Design, and Implementation, 16(4),'' 20-24</ref> The key assumption behind static method adaptation is that the project context is given at the start of a project and remains fixed during project execution. The result is a static definition of the project context. Given such a definition, route maps can be used in order to determine which structured method fragments should be used for that particular project, based on predefined sets of criteria. Dynamic method adaptation, in contrast, assumes that projects are situated in an emergent context. An emergent context implies that a project has to deal with emergent factors that affect relevant conditions but are not predictable. This also means that a project context is not fixed, but changing during project execution. In such a case prescriptive route maps are not appropriate. The practical implication of dynamic method adaptation is that project managers often have to modify structured fragments or even innovate new fragments, during the execution of a project (Aydin et al., 2005).<ref name="Aydin2005" /> ==Measuring agility== While agility can be seen as a means to an end, a number of approaches have been proposed to quantify agility. Agility Index Measurements (AIM)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jroller.com/page/bokmann?entry=improving_your_processes_aim_high |title=David Bock's Weblog : Weblog |publisher=Jroller.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-02}}</ref> score projects against a number of agility factors to achieve a total. The similarly-named Agility Measurement Index,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1185448.1185509 |title=Agility measurement index |publisher=Doi.acm.org |date= |accessdate=2010-04-02}}</ref> scores developments against five dimensions of a software project (duration, risk, novelty, effort, and interaction). Other techniques are based on measurable goals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smr.co.uk/presentations/measure.pdf |title=Assessing Agility |author=Peter Lappo |coauthors=Henry C.T. Andrew |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref> Another study using fuzzy mathematics<ref name="Kurian 2006">Kurian, Tisni (2006). "Agility Metrics: A Quantitative Fuzzy Based Approach for Measuring Agility of a Software Process" ''ISAM-Proceedings of International Conference on Agile Manufacturing'06(ICAM-2006)'', Norfolk, U.S.</ref> has suggested that project velocity can be used as a metric of agility. There are agile self assessments to determine whether a team is using agile practices (Nokia test,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://agileconsortium.blogspot.com/2007/12/nokia-test.html |title=Nokia test, A Scrum specific test |author=Joe Little |publisher=Agileconsortium.blogspot.com |date=2007-12-02 |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref> Karlskrona test,<ref>{{cite web|author=Mark Seuffert, Piratson Technologies, Sweden |url=http://www.piratson.se/archive/Agile_Karlskrona_Test.html |title=Karlskrona test, A generic agile adoption test |publisher=Piratson.se |date= |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref> 42 points test<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agile-software-development.com/2008/01/how-agile-are-you-take-this-42-point.html |title=How agile are you, A Scrum specific test |publisher=Agile-software-development.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref>). While such approaches have been proposed to measure agility, the practical application of such metrics has yet to be seen. ==Experience and reception== One of the early studies reporting gains in quality, productivity, and business satisfaction by using Agile methods was a survey conducted by Shine Technologies from November 2002 to January 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.shinetech.com/attachments/104_ShineTechAgileSurvey2003-01-17.pdf |title= Agile Methodologies Survey Results |date=2003 |month=January |publisher= [http://www.shinetech.com Shine Technologies] |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-06-03 |quote=95% [stated] that there was either no effect or a cost reduction . . . 93% stated that productivity was better or significantly better . . . 88% stated that quality was better or significantly better . . . 83% stated that business satisfaction was better or significantly better}}</ref> A similar survey conducted in 2006 by Scott Ambler, the Practice Leader for Agile Development with IBM Rational's Methods Group reported similar benefits.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/191800169;jsessionid=2QJ23QRYM3H4PQE1GHPCKH4ATMY32JVN?queryText=agile+survey |title=Survey Says: Agile Works in Practice |first=Scott |last=Ambler |authorlink=Scott Ambler |date=August 3, 2006 |work=Dr. Dobb's |accessdate=2010-06-03 |quote=Only 6 percent indicated that their productivity was lowered . . . No change in productivity was reported by 34 percent of respondents and 60 percent reported increased productivity. . . . 66 percent [responded] that the quality is higher. . . . 58 percent of organizations report improved satisfaction, whereas only 3 percent report reduced satisfaction.}}</ref> In a survey conducted by VersionOne in 2008, 55% of respondents answered that Agile methods had been successful in 90-100% of cases.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.versionone.com/pdf/3rdAnnualStateOfAgile_FullDataReport.pdf |title= The State of Agile Development |year=2008 |publisher=VersionOne, Inc. |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-07-03 |quote= Agile delivers }}</ref> Others claim that agile development methods are still too young to require extensive academic proof of their success.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/proof.htm |title=Answering the "Where is the Proof That Agile Methods Work" Question |publisher=Agilemodeling.com |date=2007-01-19 |accessdate=2010-04-02}}</ref> ===Suitability=== Large-scale agile software development remains an active research area.<ref name="oopsla2002">Agile Processes Workshop II Managing Multiple Concurrent Agile Projects. Washington: OOPSLA 2002</ref><ref name="ambler2006">W. Scott Ambler (2006) "[http://www.drdobbs.com/184415491 Supersize Me]" in Dr. Dobb's Journal, February 15, 2006.</ref> Agile development has been widely documented (see Experience Reports, below, as well as Beck<ref name="beck1999">{{cite book|last=Beck|first=K.|authorlink=Kent Beck|title=Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change|publisher=Addison-Wesley|location=Boston, MA|year=1999|isbn=0-321-27865-8}}</ref> pg. 157, and Boehm and Turner<ref name="boehm2004">{{cite book|last=Boehm|first=B.|authorlink=Barry Boehm|coauthors=R. Turner|title=Balancing Agility and Discipline: A Guide for the Perplexed|publisher=Addison-Wesley|location=Boston, MA|year=2004|isbn=0-321-18612-5|pages=55–57}}</ref>) as working well for small (<10 developers) co-located teams. Some things that may negatively impact the success of an agile project are: * Large-scale development efforts (>20 developers), though scaling strategies<ref name="ambler2006"/> and evidence of some large projects<ref name="sstc2007">Schaaf, R.J. (2007). "Agility XL", [http://www.sstc-online.org/Proceedings/2007/pdfs/RJS1722.pdf Systems and Software Technology Conference 2007], Tampa, FL</ref> have been described. * Distributed development efforts (non-colocated teams). Strategies have been described in ''Bridging the Distance''<ref name="BridgingTheDistance">{{cite web|url=http://www.drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/184414899 |title=Bridging the Distance |publisher=Sdmagazine.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-01}}</ref> and ''Using an Agile Software Process with Offshore Development''<ref name="AgileOffshore">{{cite web|author=Martin Fowler |url=http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/agileOffshore.html |title=Using an Agile Software Process with Offshore Development |publisher=Martinfowler.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref> * Forcing an agile process on a development team<ref name="The Art of Agile Development">[The Art of Agile Development James Shore & Shane Warden pg 47]</ref> * Mission-critical systems where failure is not an option at any cost (e.g. software for surgical procedures). Several successful large-scale agile projects have been documented.{{where}} BT has had several hundred developers situated in the UK, Ireland and India working collaboratively on projects and using Agile methods.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} In terms of outsourcing agile development, Michael Hackett, Sr. Vice President of LogiGear Corporation has stated that "the offshore team. . . should have expertise, experience, good communication skills, inter-cultural understanding, trust and understanding between members and groups and with each other."<ref name="PC_World_Viet_Nam">[http://www.logigear.com/in-the-news/973-agile.html] LogiGear, PC World Viet Nam, Jan 2011</ref> Barry Boehm and Richard Turner suggest that risk analysis be used to choose between adaptive ("agile") and predictive ("plan-driven") methods.<ref name="boehm2004"/> The authors suggest that each side of the continuum has its own ''home ground'' as follows: Agile home ground:<ref name="boehm2004"/> * Low criticality * Senior developers * Requirements change often * Small number of developers * Culture that thrives on chaos Plan-driven home ground:<ref name="boehm2004"/> * High criticality * Junior developers * Requirements do not change often * Large number of developers * Culture that demands order Formal methods: * Extreme criticality * Senior developers * Limited requirements, limited features see Wirth's law * Requirements that can be modeled * Extreme quality ===Experience reports=== Agile development has been the subject of several conferences. Some of these conferences have had academic backing and included peer-reviewed papers, including a peer-reviewed experience report track. The experience reports share industry experiences with agile software development. As of 2006, experience reports have been or will be presented at the following conferences<!-- better links to reports needed; also need clarification of which conferences were peer-reviewed and which have academic credentials -->: * XP (2000,<ref>[http://ciclamino.dibe.unige.it/xp2000/ 2000]</ref> 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/xp2006/ |title=2006 |publisher=Virtual.vtt.fi |date= |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref> 2010 (proceedings published by IEEE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xp2010.org/ |title=2010 |publisher=Xp2010.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref>) * XP Universe (2001<ref>[http://www.xpuniverse.com/2001/xpuPapers.htm 2001]</ref>) * XP/Agile Universe (2002,<ref>[http://www.xpuniverse.com/2002/schedule/schedule 2002]</ref> 2003,<ref>[http://www.xpuniverse.com/2003/schedule/index 2003]</ref> 2004<ref>[http://www.xpuniverse.com/2004/schedule/index 2004]</ref>) * Agile Development Conference<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agile200x.org/ |title=Agile Development Conference |publisher=Agile200x.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-06}}</ref> (2003,2004,2007,2008) (peer-reviewed; proceedings published by IEEE) ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Further reading== *Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J., & Warsta, J. (2002). Agile Software Development Methods: Review and Analysis. ''VTT Publications 478''. *Cohen, D., Lindvall, M., & Costa, P. (2004). An introduction to agile methods. In ''Advances in Computers'' (pp.&nbsp;1–66). New York: Elsevier Science. *Dingsøyr, Torgeir, Dybå, Tore and Moe, Nils Brede (ed.): [http://www.amazon.co.uk/Agile-Software-Development-Research-Directions/dp/3642125743 ''Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions''], Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. *Fowler, Martin. [http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/designDead.html ''Is Design Dead?'']. Appeared in ''Extreme Programming Explained'', G. Succi and M. Marchesi, ed., Addison-Wesley, Boston. 2001. *Larman, Craig and Basili, Victor R. [http://www.highproductivity.org/r6047.pdf ''Iterative and Incremental Development: A Brief History '' IEEE Computer, June 2003] *Riehle, Dirk. [http://www.riehle.org/computer-science/research/2000/xp-2000.html ''A Comparison of the Value Systems of Adaptive Software Development and Extreme Programming: How Methodologies May Learn From Each Other'']. Appeared in ''Extreme Programming Explained'', G. Succi and M. Marchesi, ed., Addison-Wesley, Boston. 2001. * {{Cite book| last=Rother | first=Mike | year=2009 | title=Toyota Kata | publisher=McGraw-Hill | isbn=0071635238 | url=http://books.google.com/?id=_1lhPgAACAAJ&dq=toyota+kata| postscript=<!--None--> }} *M. Stephens, D. Rosenberg. ''Extreme Programming Refactored: The Case Against XP''. Apress L.P., Berkeley, California. 2003. {{ISBN|1-59059-096-1}} ==External links== <!--Official Web sites of founding organization, seminal documents, etc.--> *[http://www.agileManifesto.org/ Manifesto for Agile Software Development] *[http://www.agilealliance.org/ The Agile Alliance] *[http://theagileexecutive.com/ The Agile Executive] *[http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/development/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=6507351 Article Two Ways to Build a Pyramid by John Mayo-Smith] *[http://www.agile-process.org/ Agile Software Development: A gentle introduction] <!--Articles, papers, essays--> *[http://martinfowler.com/articles/newMethodology.html The New Methodology] Martin Fowler's description of the background to agile methods <!-- Volatile content: blogs, news, journals, forums--> *[http://www.agilejournal.com/ Agile Journal] - Largest online community focused specifically on agile development *[http://www.dmoz.org|Computers/Programming/Methodologies/Agile|Agile] *[http://agilecookbook.com/ Agile Cookbook] *[http://www.pragprog.com/magazines/2011-02/agile-- Ten Authors of The Agile Manifesto Celebrate its Tenth Anniversary] {{BookCat}} sw3gnn10roo0lxa3h89a0icp0q1l2ga 0 254678 4673412 4648058 2026-10-01T12:09:19Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4673412 wikitext text/x-wiki This CDR block, in comparison with the phase comparator and the VCO, requires much less hardware effort to be implemented.<br> Therefore it adapts itself to the interfaces that the two other blocks present to it and <br /> its performances complement what is available from the other two blocks <br /> to achieve the desired characteristics of the overall loop. When analyzing an existing CDR, in order to find out its fundamental blocks,<br /> and to find the fundamental architecture that corresponds (or at least comes closest) to it,<br /> the amplifier/filter is the easiest block to identify. # First, it is the easiest to identify because it is the only block (unlike the phase comparator and the VCO) that needs not operate at frequencies as high as the line pulse frequency f_p. In fact, it operates at the "loop" frequencies (that are always lower and often even some decades lower than f_p). Consequently the technology used to implement the CDR is more than adequate for the amplifier/filter, which looks like the least sophisticated of the three blocks. # Second, because it is a simple, self contained circuit block with only one input and one output and only one function to accomplish. The phase comparator may be combined with the pulse regenerator and bit decoder, with a run-length mitigator, etc.. The VCO may incorporate DLLs, special LC tuned networks, variable rate dividers, etc.. In some cases, this block may be just a level shifter, or a flat gain amplifier, or may not be present at all.<br /> In all cases though, this block exhibits a linear behavior, with the only exception sometimes at its output interface (the VCO drive) if it helps control the inherent non-linearity of the VCO at its end_of_range extremes. In all cases, this block decides which of the different reference models apply. Whether the loop is a 1-1, 2-1 or 2-2, depends on it only. ==Large signals view== This amp/filter block adapts itself to the other two and its input and output interfaces match the output interface of the phase comparator and the input interface of the VCO. The signal range at the output of the phase comparator corresponds to the phase interval that the comparator can follow before a slip takes place (multiplied by the comparator phase-to-voltage gain, Gφ). The input range of the amp/filter is designed to match it exactly. At the other interface, the filter output is designed to match the signal range that the VCO can accept at its input. ==Small signals view== All CDRs identify, inside the received signal, a frequency close to the free-running frequency of the VCO f_fr, and reject any other frequency that differs from f_fr more than a certain, small amount. This amount is a characteristic bandwidth of the CDR, and is conceptually the same as the "jitter bandwidth" of the CDR.<br /> This is primarily a consequence of the integration performed by the VCO.<br /> To maintain the PLL "low-pass" requirement, also the amplifier/filter is always some sort of low-pass ''(that degenerates into a flat gain block in the simplest of all architectures, as presented in the [[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/Examples|example page, Section: 1st order, type 1]])''. ===Flat gain=== For the simplest PLL architecture of interest (loop of 1st order and of type 1 [link indietro]), the filter structure is the simplest: just an amplifier with a flat gain of value G_f (at all frequencies of relevance for the loop operation).<br /> For such a PLL with flat gain in the intermediate block, the loop jitter low-pass frequency is called ω_n1. ===Low-pass, for more sophisticated PLLs=== Besides the PLL with a flat gain block, two PLL architectures are of interest, that depend only on the architecture of the amplifier/filter itself: # 1st order low-pass with a single pole ''(the PLL is a 2nd order type 1 loop)'': <div style="text-align: center;">y(s) / x(s) = G_f / (sτ_p + 1)</div> # 1st order low-pass with a single zero ''(the PLL is a 2nd order type 2 loop)'': <div style="text-align: center;">y(s) / x(s) = G_f (sτ_z + 1) / sτ_z</div> <br /> The overall performances of these two 2nd order PLLs are analysed in the following page : *[[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/The (slave) CDR based on a second order PLL|The (slave) CDR based on a second order PLL]] and each separately in : *[[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/The (slave) CDR based on a second order PLL/2nd order type 1|2nd order type 1]] *[[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/Applications of the 2nd order type 1 architecture|Applications of the 2nd order type 1 architecture]] and in : *[[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/The (slave) CDR based on a second order PLL/2nd order type 2|2nd order type 2]] *[[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/Applications of the 2nd order type 2 architecture|Applications of the 2nd order type 2 architecture]]. ====Equations of the 1st order low-pass filter in general==== In general, a first order linear filter, with one zero and one pole, has the pole always at a frequency lower than the zero to be a low-pass. (Its output, unbound in the ideal model, will be additionally brutally clamped to +/- Range [V] when implementing the simulator program). The reference used to derive the model equations (and the recurrence relation of the linear part for the simulator) can be a possible analog implementation with an operational amplifier, 3 resistors and one capacitor.<br /> [[File:Generic PLL diagram with OpAmp filter.png|center|660px]] The filter transfer function is obtained using the concept that the inverting input of an Op Amp stays at the same voltage of the other input, and that its impedance is infinite:<br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> x(s)/R₁ = y(s)/R₂ + y(s)/(R₃+1/sC) y(s)/x(s) = [R₂(sCR₃ + 1)] / [R₁(sCR₂ +sCR₃ + 1)] </div> Where: <div style="text-align: center;"> G₀ = R₂/R₁ G_∞ = R₃R₂ / (R₁(R₂+R₃) τ_z = R₃C ; τ_p = C (R₂+R₃) </div> To have a calculation sheet simulate the filter, time is considered discrete, and every row of the calculation sheet represents one instant in a sequence.<br /> The row index k = 1,2,3,... is the reference index for all the time sequences and Δt is the discrete time step.<br /> A sequence x[k] can then be used as the representation of the input signal and a sequence y[k] as the representation of the output signal.<br /> A description of the first order filter with difference equations allows the computation of every y[k] from y[k-1], x[k] and x[k-1].<br /> _{(A system of higher order would need, for the computation of the output sample, correspondingly older samples from the input and the output sequences.}<br /> _{For instance, a second order system would require y[k-1], y[k-2], x[k], x[k-1] and x[k-2] for the computation of y[k]).}<br /> In the case of our first order filter, let's use the Capacitor equation: <div style="text-align: center;"> ΔV = (I*Δt)/C v_C[k] – v_C[k-1] = i_C[k]Δt/C </div> Note that this is a backward difference, in compliance with the causality of our system. <div style="text-align: center;">i_C[k]Δt = C(v_C[k] – v_C[k-1]) '''''(1)'''''</div> <small>(As the capacitor is the only element with memory, it is the only one that is described by a first order difference equation).</small><br /> A second equation can be obtained from the Kirchoff's First Law applied to the node of the inverting input (no current flows into the inverting input of the Op Amp): <div style="text-align: center;">i_C[k] = x[k]/R₁ – y[k]/R₂ '''''(2)''''' ''Note: i_C ≡ i₃''</div> and a third equation from the Kirchoff's Second Law applied to the loop of the Op Amp output network: <div style="text-align: center;">v_C[k] = y[k] – R₃i_C '''''(3)'''''</div> Combining '''''(1)''''', '''''(2)''''' and '''''(3)''''', the intermediate variables i_C[k] and v_C[k] can be eliminated, and the solution found with respect to y[k]. <div style="text-align: center;">( x[n]/R₁ – y[n]/R₂) Δt = C(y[n] – R₃i_C[n] – (y[n-1] – R₃i_C[n-1])) '''''(1 & 2)''''' x[n] Δt/R₁ – y[n] Δt/R₂ = y[n]C - R₃C(x[n]/R₁ – y[n]/R₂) – y[n-1]C + CR₃( x[n-1]/R₁ – y[n-1]/R₂) '''''(1 & 2 & 3)''''' y[n]( Δt/CR₂+1+R₃/R₂) = y[n-1](1+R₃/R₂) + x[n]( Δt/CR₁+R₃/R₁) - x[n-1](R₃/R₁)</div> __ __ ====1st order low-pass with a single zero==== If R₂ = ∞ <small>''(i.e. if the PLL is of 2nd order, type 2)''</small> : [[File:2.2 Loop . Filter reference to simulate.png|center|800px|Filter reference to obtain model (w/o clamp) and simulator (w/clamp) equations]] Where: <div style="text-align: center;">G_f = G_∞ = R₃ / R₁<br /> τ_z = CR₃<br /> τ_f =τ_z = 1/ω_c, with ω_c = filter cut-off frequency<br /> y(s)/x(s) = G_f (sτ_z + 1) / sτ_z </div> The overall PLL block diagram, including the two hard non-linearities that are in the simulation but not in the model, is: [[File:2.2 Loop block diagram to simulate.png|center|800px|A PLL of the second order, type two with evidence of the fundamental blocks and of the fundamental hard-linearities for the implementatrion of a simulation software]] The low-pass filter recurrence relation for the simulation can be derived from: <div style="text-align: center;"> i_C[k] = C(v_C[k] – v_C[k-1]) (1) i_C[k] = i_R1[k] = x[k]/R₁ (2) v_C[k] = y[k] – R₃ i_C[k] (3)<br /> </div> Combining (1), (2) and (3), the intermediate variables i_C[k] and v_C[k] can be eliminated, and the solution found with respect to y[k]: <div style="text-align: center;">y[n] = y[n-1] + x[n]( Δt/CR₁+R₃/R₁) - x[n-1](R₃/R₁)<br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;">y[n] = y[n-1] + x[n]( Δt G_∞/τ_z + G_∞) - x[n-1]G_∞ <br /></div> The resulting equation can then be inserted in a calculation sheet for the simulation program. (The ratio R₃/R₁ corresponds to the high frequency gain G_∞ and the time constant R₃C corresponds to the time constant τ_z of the finite zero).<br /> <br /> An alternative way of presenting the single zero filter, to introduce the 2-2 PLL as a 1-1 loop with an additional integration [link], coming to the same results, is the following: [[File:2.2 Loop . Alternative Filter reference to model n simulate.png|center|620px|PLL loop filter to implement a 2nd order, type 2, loop. Case of a discrete time implementation where the flat gain (high frequency) and the pole in the origin (low frequency) are made with two blocks connected in parallel. Derivation of the recurrence equations.]] Recursive equation for the flat gain block: <div style="text-align: center;"><math>\mathbf{out} {[n]}</math> = <math>\mathbf{G} *\mathbf{x}{[n]}</math></div> Recursive equation for the integrator block of gain 1: <div style="text-align: center;"><math>int[n] = \frac{1}{\tau_i}\textstyle \sum_1^n x[k]\Delta t </math></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><math>int[n] = \frac{1}{\tau_i}\textstyle \sum_1^{n-1}x[k]\Delta t +\displaystyle x[n]\frac{\Delta t}{\tau_i}</math></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><math>int[n] = int[n-1] +x[n]\frac{\Delta t}{\tau_i}</math></div> It should be noted that an integrator (more appropriately: an "accumulator" in the discrete time domain) needs only one parameter to be identified. If τ_i ( ω_i = 1/τ_i is the angular frequency for which the gain is 1 i.e. 0&nbsp;dB) is chosen, then the above applies. The equation can be re-written, without change of result, using G_i = 1/τ_i or using ω_i = 1/τ_i. <br> Recursive equation for a flat gain block of gain G_f in parallel with an integrator of time constant τ_i: <div style="text-align: center;"><math>y[n] =G_f * x[n] + int[n] </math></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><math>y[n] =G_f x[n] + int[n-1] +x[n]\tfrac{\Delta t}{\tau_i}</math></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><math>y[n] =G_f x[n] +( y[n-1] -G_f x[n-1]) +x[n]\tfrac{\Delta t}{\tau_i}</math></div> _________ _______________ If the filter is to be part of a PLL, the relation ω_c /ω_n1 is fundamental for the loop operation. In a CDR of the 2nd order and type 2, the filter cut-off frequency ω_c should be made smaller than 1/4 of the loop ω_n1 <small>''(ω_n1 is G, the open loop gain, or the forward gain if the filter was just a flat amplifier G_f)''</small>. As it will be shown, a 2nd order type 2 loop where ω_c is larger than ω_n1/4 is underdamped according to [[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/The (slave) CDR based on a second order PLL/2nd order type 2#ωn2 and ζ as functions of G and τz|ω_n1/(4ω_c) = ζ²]]. ====1st order low-pass with a single pole==== If R₃ = 0 ''<small>(i.e. if the PLL is of 2nd order, type 1)</small>'' : [[File:2.1 Loop . Filter reference to simulate.png|center|800px|Filter reference to obtain model (w/o clamp) and simulator (w/clamp) equations]] Where: <div style="text-align: center;">G₀ = G_f = R₂/R₁<br /> τ_p = CR₂<br /> τ_p = 1/ω_c'' -> ω_c = filter cut-off frequency'' y(s)/x(s) = G_f / (sτ_p + 1)<br /> </div> The filter gain is flat from d.c. to the cut-off frequency, and then decreases with a slope of -20&nbsp;dB/decade. The overall PLL block diagram, including the two hard non-linearities that are in the simulation but not in the model, is: [[File:2.1 Loop block diagram to simulate.png|center|800px|A PLL of the second order and of type one, with evidence of the fundamental blocks and of the fundamental hard-linearities for the implementatrion of a simulation software]] The low-pass filter recurrence relation for the simulation can be derved from: <div style="text-align: center;"> ΔQ = C ΔV (1) i_C[k]Δt = C(y[k] – y[k-1]) (1) i_C[k] = x[k]/R₁ – y[k]/R₂ (2) </div> Combining (1) and (2), it is possible to solve with respect to y[k], eliminating the intermediate variables i_C[k] and v_C[k], and to get the formula for the calculation sheet:<br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> x[k]Δt/R₁ - y[k]Δt/R₂ = C(y[k] – y[k-1]) y[k](1+ Δt/CR₂) = y[k-1] + x[k]Δt/CR₁ y[k] = ( y[k-1] + x[k]Δt G_f/τ_p ) / (1+ Δt/τ_p ) </div> If the filter is to be part of a PLL, the relation ω_c /ω_n1 is fundamental for the loop operation. In a 2nd order type 1 loop the filter cut-off frequency ω_c should be made larger than 1/4 of the loop ω_n1 ''(ω_n1 is the same as G, the open loop gain, or the forward gain if the filter was just a flat amplifier G_f)''. As it will be shown, a 2nd order type 1 loop where ω_c is smaller than ω_n1/4 is underdamped according to [[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/The (slave) CDR based on a second order PLL/2nd order type 1#ωn2 and ωf or ωz|&zeta;² = 4ω_c /ω_n1]]. ==In case of a charge pump== When the last stage of the phase comparator is a [[Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/The CDR phase comparator#The charge pump inside a PLL comparator for clock and data recovery|charge pump]], the performances of the loop amplifier/filter depend both on the charge pump current and on the additional RC networks<ref>Floyd M. Gardner, "Charge-Pump Phase-Lock Loops", vol. COM-28, NO.11, pp. 1849 - 1858, November 1980 in IEEE TRANSACTION ON COMMUNICATION.</ref><br />.<br /> The following figure also shows the Bode plots of the transfer functions of the two (passive) filtering options: [[File:Charge pump and filter.png|700px|thumb|center|<div style="text-align: center;">The charge pump as the output stage of the phase comparator in a CDR;<br /> the relevant transfer functions when a RC filtering network follows the charge pump.</div>]] The transfer functions are:<br /> :::* 2-2:<div style="text-align: center;">v_o/i_i = (1/s(C_f + C)) * ( (1 + sRC_f) / (1 + sRC')) ; ''C' = series of C and C_f''</div> <div style="text-align: center;">(ωn₂₂² = 1/(CC_fR₂) ; ζ₂₂ always > 1 in a passive network)</div> :::* 2-1:<div style="text-align: center;">v_o/i_i = R₂ / ( (1 + sR₁C)*(1 + sR₂C_f) + sCR₂))</div> <div style="text-align: center;">(ωn₂₁² = 1/(CC_fR₁R₂) ; ζ₂₁ always > 1 in a passive network)</div> These networks exhibit a high frequency pole that is influenced by C ''(1/RC' with C' = CC_f/(C+C_f) in the 2-2 case and 1/R₁C + 1/R₂C_f in the 2-1 case)''.<br /> The frequency of this pole is always high enough not to influence the closed loop performances in the frequency band of interest.<br /> It corresponds to the need to prevent the high frequency noise (generated by the comparator logic and the charge pump) from propagating outside these circuit blocks.<br /> Otherwise said, the capacitor C and the poles it creates are not considered for the PLL order and type.<br /> When no RC network is present besides the capacitor C, the loop is a 1st order loop. The considerations above, about C filtering high frequency noise of the charge pump without influencing the fundamental PLL operation, hold good as well. ==References== <references/> <div class="noprint">{{Clock and Data Recovery/Pagenav2|Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs|Clock and Data Recovery/Structures and types of CDRs/The CDR phase comparator}}</div> t8d9ffq82wawxygxtpdavy5xfoj996g 0 274512 4673523 4413810 2026-10-01T18:36:28Z Omphalographer 3427146 {{rfd}} 4673523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd}} {{Navigate|Prev=Cover Page|Next=Table of Contents}} __NOTOC__ == Book Abstract == <table width="100%" align=center> <tr> <td width="33%" valign=top> === Summary === This book is all about job search and [[Income Alternatives|income alternatives]] and it should help to answer one and only one question, given the need for more income, what to do next? [[Job Hunting|Job hunting]], [[Job Seeking|job seeking]], and [[Job Searching|job searching]] all mean the same as the act of looking for [[W:employment|employment]], due to [[W:unemployment|unemployment]] or discontent with a current position. If there is no higher calling than public service then there is no higher aim than reducing [[W:unemployment|unemployment]]. Many believe that this applies to head of a household as well as head of a nation. This book should help both the rank and file and the higher-ups within a community or an organization of any size. </td> <td width="33%" valign=top> <table align=center> <tr><td> === Reading Instruction === To begin reading, select one: * [[Job Search/Cover Page|Cover Page]] * [[Job Search/Table of Contents|Table of Contents]] * [[Job Search/Dedication|Dedication]] * [[Job Search/How to Turn the Page|How to Turn the Page]] &nbsp; [[File:Salaries and Unemployment.JPG|thumb]] &nbsp; </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="33%" valign=top><table align=center> <tr><td> {{Book Search|prefix=Job Search}}</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> {{Navigate|Prev=Cover Page|Next=Table of Contents}} {{shelves|School life|Job search}} {{alphabetical|J}} {{status|25%}} {{Reading level|Intermediate}} {{reading level|advanced}} bokjswtl0jak40drygz9xbrtsp71fyf 0 274531 4673517 3460226 2026-10-01T18:27:42Z Omphalographer 3427146 rfd - dependent on deleted content 4673517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd}} {{Navigate|Prev=Introduction|Next=Slide 1}} {{Sp}} {{Size7slide|Job Search Automation for College Students}} {{Size5bullet|This is the content of a PowerPoint presentation for college students}} {{Size5bullet|Career centers are welcome to distribute this presentation}} {{Sp}} {{Navigate|Prev=Introduction|Next=Slide 1}} {{shelves|School life|Job search}} {{alphabetical|J}} {{status|100%}} {{Reading level|Intermediate}} {{reading level|advanced}} odcfz2i9o8vzjixtnhtl1rr8h96yudw 0 274685 4673524 4441240 2026-10-01T18:39:05Z Omphalographer 3427146 another rfd 4673524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd}} {{Navigate|Prev=Cover Page|Next=Table of Contents}} __NOTOC__ == Book Abstract == <table align=center><tr><td width="33%" valign=top> === Summary === What is a Wikipage? It is a wizard that creates Wiki code to increase the pace of creating a Wikibook. This wizard is included in PlanoTse program. Almost all of the content on this page can be generated with only one click. This book, Wikipage, explains how to use the Wikipage Wizard in PlanoTse software. === Latest News === {{Software header|name=PlanoTse|version=0.0.66|type=>}} <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width="33%" valign=top><table align=center><tr><td> === Reading Instruction === To begin reading, select one: * [[Wikipage/Cover Page|Cover Page]] * [[Wikipage/Table of Contents|Table of Contents]] * [[Wikipage/Dedication|Dedication]] * [[Wikipage/How to Turn the Page|How to Turn the Page]] * [[Wikipage/Glossary|Glossary]] <p>&nbsp;</p> [[File:Wikipage Wizard BookInfo Import.jpg|thumb|<p>Enlarge this image and see how the [[Wikipage|Wikipage Wizard]] can make it easy for you to begin exploring a wikibook through the use of a tree view.</p>]] <p>&nbsp;</p> </td></tr></table></td> <td width="33%" valign=top><table align=center><tr><td> {{Book Search|prefix=Wikipage}}</td> </tr></table> === Reading Suggestions === {{message box|image=Right-pointing hand in green octagon.svg|backgroundcolor=Azure |heading=PlanoTse Handbook |message=For basic concepts in PlanoTse, see [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]].}} <p>&nbsp;</p> </td></tr></table> {{Navigate|Prev=Cover Page|Next=Table of Contents}} {{shelves|Help}} {{alphabetical|W}} {{status|0%}} {{Reading level|Intermediate}} <span style="font-size:x-small;">The starting Wiki code for this page was generated by the [[Wikipage]] wizard using this [[Wikipage/xml/bookinfo|book config]] on Wednesday, June 27, 2012.</span> mym5ujq3i41fbd7jjgu2bkv9qo28u85 0 275494 4673526 4661063 2026-10-01T18:42:25Z Omphalographer 3427146 delete - orphaned alternate TOC 4673526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Orphaned table of contents; real TOC is on the main page of the book}} <!-- Generated for the page, Write Yourself a Scheme in 48 Hours/Topic List, by Wikiversal version 1.12.72 on 7/11/2012. --> __NOEDITSECTION__ __NOTOC__ === <span style="font-size: x-small; color: dimgray;">Presentation</span> === <table height=1 border=1 style="border-collapse:collapse; border-color:LightSkyBlue; background-color:AliceBlue;{{Text default color}};" width="100%"><tr> <td align=left><table width="100%" align=left><tr><td>[[File:1leftarrow.png|frameless|none|x40px|link=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Introduction#Presentation|Introduction]]</td> <td>[[File:Gohome.png|frameless|none|x40px|link=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours#Presentation]]</td> <td nowrap><span style="font-size: xx-large; color: teal;">{{SUBPAGENAME}}</span></td> <td>[[File:1rightarrow.png|frameless|none|x40px|link=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/First_Steps#Presentation|First Steps]]</td> <td width="99%"> &nbsp; </td> <td><td>[[File:1rightarrow.png|frameless|none|x40px|link=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/First_Steps#Presentation|First Steps]]</td> </td> </tr></table></td> </tr></table> <!-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --> <table width="100%" cellpadding=20><tr><td width=40><td width=999><table><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/First_Steps#Presentation First Steps]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Parsing#Presentation Parsing]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Evaluation,_Part_1#Presentation Evaluation, Part 1]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Error_Checking_and_Exceptions#Presentation Error Checking and Exceptions]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Evaluation,_Part_2#Presentation Evaluation, Part 2]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Building_a_REPL#Presentation Building a REPL]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Adding_Variables_and_Assignment#Presentation Adding Variables and Assignment]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Defining_Scheme_Functions#Presentation Defining Scheme Functions]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Creating_IO_Primitives#Presentation Creating IO Primitives]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Towards_a_Standard_Library#Presentation Towards a Standard Library]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Conclusion#Presentation Conclusion]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td valign=top><table><tr><td><tr><td>[[File:Ledseagreen.png|frameless|none|x30px|link=|]]</td></tr></table><td valign=top>&nbsp;<td valign=top><span style="color: seagreen; font-size: xx-large; line-height:1.3;"><b>[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Answers#Presentation Answers]</b></span></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size: x-small;">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr></table></td><td width=40></tr></table><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p> {{BookCat}} fiuyvlle113zybcapnbfumfc4vyupuy 0 276251 4673605 4109009 2026-10-02T11:21:31Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 additon > addition 4673605 wikitext text/x-wiki -Nike SPARQ- Nike SPARQ is the name used under a marketing relationship between Nike and SPARQ, under which Nike sells a line of cross training footwear, apparel and equipment [9]. A partnership similar to the one of IMG and Under Armour. SPARQ was started in 2004 to create a standardized test for athleticism called the SPARQ Rating and to sell training equipment and methods to help improve athleticism in athletes. 'SPARQ' is an acronym that stands for Speed, Power, Agility, Reaction and Quickness [10]. SPARQ’s mission is to help athletes improve in all of the areas in the acronym represents through focused, dynamic training. It’s training program, which you can do on your own or with a certified trainer, focus on three phases of sports performance, TEST, TRAIN and COMPETE. These core phases all complement each other and help to mold a better athlete. Like Combine 360, SPARQ uses a sport specific rating system to measure athletic performance(SPARQ RATING). It has comprehensive assessment procedures for six sports - football, boys' soccer, girls' soccer, baseball, softball, boys' basketball and girls' basketball, as well as a general athletic assessment. These tests help reveal strengths and weaknesses of athletes as well as act as a benchmark for comparing oneself to other athletes in your age group within your sport. The general tests SPARQ athletes endure consist of: 20 Meter Sprint/40 Yard Dash (Speed) Kneeling Power Ball Toss and Vertical Jump (Power) Agility Shuttle (Agility) Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Reaction and Quickness) Following each test, the results are turned into a SPARQ points which help calculate the athletes official overall SPARQ rating. Athletes can then take this SPARQ rating and compare it to other SPARQ athletes and use it to get better as it comes with training recommendations as well. In addition, the SPARQ rating is made available online for athletes to plug in their results and receive a rating even if they dont endure the SPARQ training with SPARQ certified trainers or training facilities [11]. SPARQ also gives athletes the opportunity to access their website and profiles via their mobile phones through SPARQ's new moblie site [12]. Nike SPARQ has a similar target market as Combine360 as they target athletes in high school, college and at the professional level. Often being referred to as “The SAT of Athleticism” their main target is developing high school athletes. SPARQ doesn’t own any training facilities or have any specific training method. SARQ's business is focused on the rating system and selling advanced fitness training equipment to help train and with the SPARQ assessment. They provide training videos and tips from a number of top speed, strength and conditioning coaches on the SPARQ website. SPARQ developed a SPARQ Training Network that is made up of over 750 SPARQ Certified Trainers located throughout the country who are both independent coaches and trainers at chain performance centers. Athletes can now use Nike SPARQ training methods at more than 65 Velocity Sports Performance Centers across the United States as Velocity is a national partner with Nike SPARQ. Therefore, making it more known in the sports performance world and solidifying itself as a competitor to IMG/Under Armour's C360. Each location will feature the latest in dynamic training equipment and Velocity Sports Performance Center trainers will be officially certified as SPARQ trainers. Additional Elite Performance Training Centers around the world, like Texas-based Michael Johnson Performance Center, also assist Nike with product development, drills, and instructional videos for SPARQ Training. Nike SPARQ is becoming very popular as SPARQ has tested over 200,000 athletes in the past four years. In Addition, more than 44,000 athletes from 2,000 teams across 38 states were SPARQ tested in the past two years. Many famous athletes have included SPARQ training in their training regime to improve their athletic performance. Some famous athletes who have used Nike SPARQ are Reggie Bush, Tim Tebow, Jacoby Ellsbury and Gold medalist decathlete Bryan Clay. Next: [[Sport Innovation/IMG Combine360/Barriers to Innovation|Barriers to Innovation]] {{BookCat}} 25bzhe6coo4zzfac2pl5ttfn6qh036h 0 279393 4673472 4673321 2026-10-01T15:52:08Z DVD206 724793 4673472 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Book cover.jpg|thumbnail|DVD cover]] <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> '''ON VERSE PROBLEMS''' DVD version == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Preface|Pretty preface]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Body|Theory & "no problems..."]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Bibliography|Bubbles]] == === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/About the author|"who is talking?"]] === == [[On 2D Inverse Problems|The volume II: AI DVD!?]] == {{Shelves|Mathematical collections}} {{Alphabetical|2}} {{status|25%}} {{reading level|Beginner}} {{BookCat}} k867b3932t31rfsk3kwanqxpzlzngoz 4673473 4673472 2026-10-01T15:53:04Z DVD206 724793 4673473 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Book cover.jpg|thumbnail|DVD cover]] <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> '''ON VERSE PROBLEMS''' DVD version == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Preface|Pretty preface]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Body|Theory & "no problems..."]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Bibliography|Bubbles]] == === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/About the author|"who is talking?"]] === == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Ai|The volume II: AI DVD!?]] == {{Shelves|Mathematical collections}} {{Alphabetical|2}} {{status|25%}} {{reading level|Beginner}} {{BookCat}} bpf3iyjl2ovnyrki7lpqavv95em5ub0 4673479 4673473 2026-10-01T16:09:23Z DVD206 724793 abstract 4673479 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Book cover.jpg|thumbnail|DVD cover]] <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> '''ON VERSE PROBLEMS''' DVD version == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Preface|Pretty preface]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Body|Theory & "no problems..."]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Bibliography|Bubbles]] == === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/About the author|"who is talking?"]] === == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Ai|The volume II: AI DVD!?]] == === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Papirus|Papirus]] === {{Shelves|Mathematical collections}} {{Alphabetical|2}} {{status|25%}} {{reading level|Beginner}} {{BookCat}} 0ik3t9jd0776dn4jiqtchlk0qpr6613 4673481 4673479 2026-10-01T16:10:04Z ~2026-52660-80 3627341 4673481 wikitext text/x-wiki 67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH 4oyv3uqfkyzq0jlx785v8x76prrwpnp 4673482 4673481 2026-10-01T16:10:24Z ~2026-52660-80 3627341 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/4673481|4673481]] by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-52660-80|~2026-52660-80]] ([[User talk:~2026-52660-80|discuss]]) 4673482 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Book cover.jpg|thumbnail|DVD cover]] <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> '''ON VERSE PROBLEMS''' DVD version == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Preface|Pretty preface]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Body|Theory & "no problems..."]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Bibliography|Bubbles]] == === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/About the author|"who is talking?"]] === == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Ai|The volume II: AI DVD!?]] == === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Papirus|Papirus]] === {{Shelves|Mathematical collections}} {{Alphabetical|2}} {{status|25%}} {{reading level|Beginner}} {{BookCat}} 0ik3t9jd0776dn4jiqtchlk0qpr6613 4673611 4673482 2026-10-02T11:31:36Z DVD206 724793 new chapter 4673611 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Book cover.jpg|thumbnail|DVD cover]] <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> '''ON VERSE PROBLEMS''' DVD version == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Preface|Pretty preface]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Body|Theory & "no problems..."]] == == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Bibliography|Bubbles]] == === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/About the author|"who is talking?"]] === == [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Ai|The volume II: AI DVD!?]] == === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Papirus|Papirus]] === === [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Rotation|Spinning Spectrum]] === {{Shelves|Mathematical collections}} {{Alphabetical|2}} {{status|25%}} {{reading level|Beginner}} {{BookCat}} gxvbxfrpgzhskahpkt7r6hefce70s58 0 280252 4673606 4640793 2026-10-02T11:21:52Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 additon > addition 4673606 wikitext text/x-wiki == Overview == '''Meiosis''' is the process in which a cell reduces its cell from being a diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, to being a haploid, having one set of the twenty-three chromosomes, when creating eggs and sperm. A haploid cell will combine with another haploid cell (one from an egg and one from a sperm) to form a diploid cell. This will result in the right number of chromosomes, 46. During this process, abnormalities of the number of chromosomes usually occur in humans. == The Process of Meiosis == This process happens in the cell nucleus, where there is a pair of chromosomes from each parent. Chromosomes replicates when the chromosomes from both parents are copied and paired to exchange portions of their own DNA. Chromosomes, that are similar, will pair up. The paired chromosomes will swap portions of their DNA, creating a mix of new genetic material in the offspring's cell. When the nucleus divides up into daughter cells, the chromosome pairs are divided. The daughter nuclei will divide again, resulting in further division of chromosomes. The daughter nuclei will end up having single chromosomes and a new mix of genetic material. [[File:Meiosis Overview.svg]] == The Steps of Meiosis == Unlike mitosis, meiosis undergoes two replications rather than one. It is because of these two divisions that allow for the resulting daughter cells to end up with only half of the number of chromosomes, or haploid, from the total amount of chromosomes, or diploid. The steps goes as follows: <u>Meiosis I</u> '''Prophase I''': just like in mitosis, during the prophase step, DNA is condensed into very thick like rodes. In addition the nuclear membrane or envelope along with the nucleoli disappear which allows for free DNA roaming. The spindle apparatuses begin to form ready for the metaphase step. One difference between mitosis prophase and meiosis prophase I is that as the DNA condenses, the chromosomes are visible as tetrads, in other words, homologous DNA pairs, which is not seen in mitosis. '''Metaphase I''': The tetrads of chromosomes are lined up on the equator of the cell with the spindle apparatus having already been completely formed. It is during prophase I and metaphase I where genetic recombination occurs. When the homologous pairs of DNA, or tetrads, are first lined up against each other, a event called crossing over occurs at the chaismata. Crossing over events happen between neighboring tetrads which swap genetic information with each other. More genetic variation comes from metaphase I specifically in the sense that tetrads can line up completely randomly on the equator of the cell, also known as independent assortment. It is these two events that derive most of genetic variation. '''Anaphase I''': The tetrads of chromosomes that were previously lined up on the equator are pulled apart in this phase. They are pulled apart in such a fashion that the spindles that are attached to the centromere of all the tetrads lined up on the equator and are pulled apart to each pole on either side of the cell, towards the centrioles. The resulting chromosomes are now two chromatids. '''Telophase I''': In this phase the chromosomes with two chromatids that have moved to eeither side of the cell decondense and a nuclear envelope begins to form around the genomic material. <u>Meiosis II</u> '''Prophase II''': The chromosomes that have two chromatids from the previous meiosis I cycle recondense, with their nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear similar to prophase I. In addition the spindle forms in this phase. '''Metaphase II''': The chromosomes with the two chromatids line up at the equator similar to how they lined up in metaphase I. Although genetic variation is seen in this phase as well as it was seen in metaphase I, the degree is very much diminished. In prophase I, crossing over occurred, however in prophase II, since homologous chromosomes are non existent in this phase, the chromatids cannot react with any neighboring pieces of DNA. The only source of variation in this phase is independent assortment of genes on the equator of the cell. The possibility of chromatids either going left or right on the cell and being chosen for fertilization is the source of variation here. '''Anaphase II''': The chromosomes split by the same mechanics explained in Anaphase I except only one chromatid head moves towards each pole of the cell. '''Telophase II''': This phase has the same exact mechanics explained in Telophase I. The only difference is that instead chromatids being de-condensed with a nuclear envelop developing around it, it is solely a chromatid head. The cell is now ready to develop into sperm or eggs at this stage. == Mutations and Birth Defects == According to Angelika Amon, a molecular biologist from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, the leading cause of human birth defects and miscarriages are the mistakes in dividing DNA between daughter cells during meiosis. Miscarriages occur when embryos have an incorrect number of chromosomes and do not go to full term. The likelihood that chromosomes will not be apportioned properly increases with age in women. Studies have shown that one out of every eighteen babies born to women who are over the age of forty-five has three copies of chromosomes 13, 18, or 21 instead of the normal amount of two. This can lead to birth defects or mutations. An example is that Down Syndrome is caused by three copies of chromosome 21. == Studying Meiosis == Amon studies yeast cells, which separate their chromosomes almost exactly the same way cells of humans do. The exception is that yeast cells' chromosomes separate much faster. A yeast cell copies its DNA and produces daughter cells in about half an hour. Humans cells, on the other hand, takes about a whole day. == References== Berg, Jeremy M., John L. Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. Biochemistry. 6th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and, 2006. Print. {{BookCat}} js1yl0qlpk22xlowf6amk3sdnsfxuax 0 281857 4673603 4318411 2026-10-02T11:07:16Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 acitivity > activity 4673603 wikitext text/x-wiki ==PTP1B== PTP1B (protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B) is a non-transmembrane enzyme that is found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Its significance stems from being a negative regulator of insulin as well as leptin signaling. The PTP1B dephosphorylates, or in other words removes a phosphate group from the insulin receptor, IR, and also its primary substrates, which are called the Insulin Receptor Substrate proteins (IRS proteins). PTP1B in leptin, removes the phosphate from the tyrosine kinase, JAK2, which is called Janus kinase 2. More recently, it has been found to be a contributing factor in the onset of tumors, and has been linked more directly with breast cancer. It is also considered a potential drug target as its inhibition may lead to a stop in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and some forms of cancer. ==Structure of PTP1B== PTP1B's structure composes of approximately 800 residues. The protein is made up of an N-terminal catalytic phophatase domain followed by a regulatory region and a membrane localization domain. This is attached to the endoplasmic retilum. ==Inhibition of Insulin Receptors, and Correlations with Diabetes== When PTP1B was first discovered, it was found to inhibit both the insulin and leptin receptors. PTP1B does this by de-phosphorylating the insulin receptor (IR) and its primary substrates such as the IRS proteins. In turn, this results in patients developing diabetes. Ptp1b knockout mice demonstrated persuasive evidence that inhibiting this enzyme will allow people to stay lean and energetic independent of what or how much they eat. When the enzyme was disabled in the mice, they became hypersensitive to insulin and were lean despite being on a high-fat diet. The specific tissue location of where to disable the enzyme did not seem to matter much and all experiments pointed to the same result of fit and energetic mice with improved insulin sensitivity and increased glucose tolerance. ==PTP1B Regulation== PTP1B is an enzyme that is known for being expressed with great abundance. It consists of an N-Terminal catalytic phosphatase region, being anywhere from 1 to 300 residues long, a regulatory region that ranges from 80 to 100 residues, and finally, a membrane localization domain which ranges from 400 to 435 residues long. The membrane localization domain ties, or bonds the PTP1B enzyme to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. Expression of PTP1B and its catalytic activity is usually strictly controlled by four mechanisms which can sometimes work together: oxidation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, and proteolysis. ==Oxidation== PTP1B can be regulated ''in vivo'' by both reversible and irreversible oxidation. Cys 215, an amino acid at one of its active sites is positioned in an unusually acidic environment, which subsequently deprotonates at physiological pH. This converts the amino acid into an excellent nucleophile in catalysis. Once this conversion is made, it leaves Cys 215 susceptible to being inactivated by other highly reactive species containing oxygen. Depending on which oxygen-containing highly reactive species is used to modify PTP1b, the enzyme is oxidized to different oxidation states. Through the use of crystallographic analysis, results have shown that if hydrogen peroxide is used, the sulphenic acid form of the PTP1B would be converted into the inactivated cyclic sulphenamide state through the process of oxidation. As this process takes place, a conformational change also occurs at the active site, which as a result exposes the hidden tyrosine amino acid, which is located at the phosphotyrosine binding loop. This process is predicted to be a reversible process. In contrast, the process would be irreversible if the enzyme is oxidized to the sulphinic or sulphonic state. ==Phosphorylation== Although phosphorylation of both serine and tyrosine occur at multiple locations, the effects of phosphorylation remain controversial. Studies of phosphorylation at different serine residues on the enzyme produces contradicting results. For example, the phosphorylation of S378 and S352 by protein kinase C during metaphase or in response to external stimuli such as osmotic pressure does not significantly change the enzyme's activity level. However, when S50 is phosphorylated by AKT, the enzyme shows a decrease in its ability to dephosphorylate insulin receptors. Interestingly, when the same S50 residue is phosphorylated by CDC-like kinase 1 and 2, the enzyme shows a two-fold increase in its phosphatase activity. In a similar manner, studies of phosphorlyation at the tyrosine sites (Y66, Y152, Y153) on the enzyme have shown that these changes to PTP1b can either increase or decrease the protein's activity. ==Sumoylation== Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins have recently been found to be important regulators for many cell functions. SUMO conjugation significantly regulates many protein characteristics e.g. stability, localization, interactions and activity. PTP1B is found to interact with a SUMO E3 ligase which encourages modification of PTP1B by SUMO. Enzymatic activity is reduced and therefore PTP1B is less active with substrates. The specific location of where SUMO modification takes place is still unclear. However, it has been observed that PTP1B accumulates in punctuate structures, which are located in the perinuclear region and the C-terminal. It is important to point out that the presence of the ER targeting domain of PTP1B is necessary for the maximal sumoylation to occur. ==Proteolysis== Calpain, a protease mediates the cleavage of the ER targeting part of PTP1B (C-terminal). This occurs in platelets that are activated and the result is an activated enzyme. Studies show that when calpain-1 in mice are disrupted, there is a lowered protein tyrosine phosphorylation level. When the platelets of these mice are analyzed, there was a large increase in the amount of PTP1B. This suggests that when the c-terminal is cleaved, PTP1B is cut into inactive pieces (fragments). Evidence that supports the proteolyzation, or the breakdown of protein PTP1B into inactive fragments is that the tyrosine phosphorylation defects, which are linked to the loss of calpain-1, were rescued in Capn1, along with the aggregation of the platelet. [[File:PDB 1mdw EBI.jpg|thumbnail|Crystal structure of the peptidase core of Calpain II.]] It is important to note that other reports have shown that when PTP1B is reversibly oxidized, it would be inactivated by calpain-mediated cleavage in the catalytic domain. Thus, this led some to believe that whether the enzyme would be activated by cleavage of the C-terminus or inactivated by complete proteolysis (both processes mediated by the calpain protease) actually depends on PTP1B's oxidation state. However, no reports to date have reported the inactivation of the enzyme by calpain in any other cell types other than platelets. ==Substrates of PTP1B== Since PTP1B is located on the cytoplasmic face of the ER, the mechanisms that allow this enzyme to encounter and dephosphorylate its many different substrates were put into question. So far, four possible mechanisms are proposed. First, if the substrate is a membrane-bound receptor protein tyrosine kinase such as the insulin receptor, through a vesicle-mediated endocytosis process, these activated receptors would be internalized and brought into contact with the PTP1B enzyme. Second, evidences from bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based and fluoresence resonance energy transfer-based live images support that PTP1B might be able to dephosphorylate the insulin receptor during its biosynthesis. Third, the part of the ER that PTP1B binds to is stretchable. This makes interaction between PTP1B and its substrates on the plasma membrane possible. Finally, adaptor proteins link PTP1B to its substrate, facilitating their interaction by forming a ternary complex. In addition to these mechanisms, the enzyme has binding motifs that facilitate its interaction with substrates such as the IR. Studies have shown that one of these motifs, the Y152 located in the β9-β10 turn of the catalytic domain, allows PTP1B to interact with the back side of the IR dimers. ==Diabetes & Obesity== Ptp1b knockout mice demonstrated persuasive evidence that inhibiting this enzyme will allow people to stay lean and energetic independent of what or how much they eat. When the enzyme was disabled in the mice, they became hypersensitive to insulin and were lean despite being on a high-fat diet. The specific tissue location of where to disable the enzyme did not seem to matter much and all experiments pointed to the same result of fit and energetic mice with improved insulin sensitivity and increased glucose tolerance. ==Cancer== So far, PTP1b has not been found to be a tumor suppressor but evidence suggests that it may be a negative regulator of cell growth. The enzyme can encourage cell death (apoptosis) and therefore potentially be a tumor suppressor. The inhibition of this enzyme may seem to solve many health problems very simply and some may wonder why action had not been taken sooner but as always, biology is not that simple. The total effects of the inhibition of PTP1B is still not known and some studies already suggest that inhibiting this enzyme will promote some forms of cancer. Some human cancers e.g. cancer of the breast and ovary show elevated levels of PTP1B. For breast cancer, activation of ErbB2 leads to higher levels of PTP1B expression. Studies using transgenic mice show that PTP1B is a positive regulator of the ErbB2 induced mammary tumorigenesis. The mice without PTP1B had a large delay of the onset of ErbB2 whereas the mice with an over-expression of PTP1B developed breast tumors. Using a PTP1B inhibitor in a mouse cancer model, Julien ''et al.'' 's results shown that this inhibitor effectively protected mice from the ErbB2 oncogene. However, even in PTP1B deficient models, breast tumors caused by the polyoma middle T antigen can still develop. Thus, PTP1B is proposed as an enzyme that plays a selective but contributing role in oncogenic signaling. ==References== 1. Yip, Shu-Chin, Sayanti Saha, and Jonathan Chernoff. "PTP1B: A Double Agent in Metabolism and Oncogenesis." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 35.8 (2010): 442-49. Print. 2. "PTP1B Research for Dummies." PTP1B Research for Dummies and Why You Need To Know It | GoGetThin™. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://blog.gogetthin.com/leptin-and-weight-loss/ptp1b-smart-weight-loss>. 3."PTP1B." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 17 June 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTP1B>. 4.Wikipedia contributors. "Calpain." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Aug. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. {{BookCat}} g8bs2gwd8srcba6weddkd3jx0cxcpcw 0 282885 4673604 4194507 2026-10-02T11:07:26Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 acitivity > activity 4673604 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== Hypoxia refers to the condition of which inadequate oxygen is supplied to tissues and cells. The hypoxic response is facilitated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2. HIF target gene activation is very specific and not indicative of which HIF alpha isoform is active. ==Hypoxia and the HIFs in human physiology and disease== The oxygen tension in tissues is a lot lower than the ambient oxygen tensions due to the dramatic decrease in blood oxygen content as oxygen is released in the cells. Low oxygen or hypoxia acts as a stimulus for proper embryogenesis and wound healing and maintains the pluripotency of stem cells. Pathological hypoxia could be a result of high altitude or localized ischemia due to disruption of blood flow to a given area. Solid tumours also have hypoxic regions due to the severe structural abnormality of tumour microvessels. As a response to hypoxia, HIF transcription factors transactivate many genes including those that trigger angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism and resistance to apoptosis. Structurally, HIFs are heterodimers that consist of one of three major oxygen labile HIF alpha subunits (1alpha, 2alpha, 3alpha) and a constitutive HIF1 beta subunit that combine to form the HIF-1, HIF-2, HIF-3 transcriptional complexes. Majority of the studied has been done on HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha. HIF-3alpha has similar basic helix-loop-helix and Per-Amt-SIM (PAS) domains as HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha, but it does not have the C-terminal transactivation domain. HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha are non-redundant, and they have distinct target genes and mechanisms of regulation. In some circumstances, HIF-1 drives the initial response to hypoxia, but after long exposure, it is HIF-2 that drives the hypoxic response. ==HIF regulation== Under aerobic condition, both HIF 1 and 2 alpha are hydroxylated by specific prolyl hydroxylases at two conserved proline residues positions in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain. This reaction requires oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate, ascorbate, and iron (Fe2+) as a factor. Von Hippel-Lindau protein forms the substrate recognition module of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that directs HIF – 1 and 2 alpha polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Under hypoxic conditions, prolyl hydroxylase activity is inhibited, von Hippel-Lindau binding is abrogated and HIF-1 and 2 alpha are stabilized. Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1 and 2alpha cannot activate transcription due to oxygen-regulated enzyme, factor inhibiting HIF-1. Asn hydroxylation is also inhibited, which allows the p300/CBP complex to bind to HIF 1 and 2alpha, which results in HIF transactivation. ==Outcomes of HIF-1 vs. HIF-2 activation== HIF-1alpha is known to be the master regulator of the hypoxic response and the important node that ensures the survival during hypoxic stress. HIF-2alpha was known as the endothelial PAS domain protein, an endothelium specific HIF-alpha isoform, which was thought to be more specialized that HIF-1alpha. Since HIF-2alpha is expressed in tissues of brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, and intestine, it suggests that it has roles in the hypoxia response. Recent studies show that both HIF-1 and HIF-2 participate in hypoxia-dependent gene regulation through complex and even antagonistic interactions. Post-DNA binding mechanism may be required for transactivation, because studies show that DNA binding does not have to correspond to increased transcriptional activity. Recent research confirms that endogenous HIF-2alpha is the main driver of EPO production. HIF-1 produces genes that encode glycolytic enzymes, enzymes that are involved in pH regulation, enzymes that promote apoptosis. HIF-2 produces genes that are involved in invasion and is proved to regulate enzymes in the glycolytic pathway without HIF-1. Interestingly, HIF-1 and HIF-2 are sometimes able to substitute for the isoform-specific functions of the other, meaning that their ability to activate specific target genes depends on specific context. ==Different temporal and functional roles of HIF-1 vs. HIF-2== Multiple mechanisms converge to suggest context-dependent, HIF-alpha isoform-specific activation in response to variations in hypoxic intensities and duration. The balance between HIF-1 and HIF-2 activation allows the coordination regulation of the complex hypoxia-dependent processes that takes place in physiology. ==HIFs in vascular development== During early embryonic development, the physiological hypoxic environment actives HIFs with the help from other non-hypoxic stimuli such as the renin-angiotensin system, growth factors, and immunogenic cytokines, which all regulates placental development and maturation. Embryonic blood vessels are generated through vasculogenesis, where cells are differentiated into endothelial cells. More blood vessels are made using both sprouting and non-sprouting angiogenesis, which can be remodeled into an adult circulatory system. The differential requirement for HIF-1 and HIF-2 activation during vessel formation and mutation is shown through studies done on mouse. HIF-1alpha knockout mice shows impaired erythropoiesis and finds cephalic vascularization in neural fold formation and the cardiovascular system. With various backgrounds, the HIF-2alpha mice can die either by E12.5 with muscular defects or months after birth due to multi-organ pathology and metabolic abnormalities. Loss of either HIF-1alpha or HIF-2alpha inhibits tumour angiogenesis in adult mouse, which suggests that HIF-1 drives vasculogenesis and early stages of angiogenesis. The formation of complete vasculature requires a smooth transition from the largely HIF-1-dependent transcription, through the period in which both HIF-1 and HIF-2 drive overlapping functions, to the HIF-2 dependent stage of vascular maturation. <gallery></gallery> ==HIFs in bone development== Bone can be formed through the mechanisms intramembranous and endochondrial ossification. Intramembranous ossification happens when the flat skull bones are formed and also the mesenchymal cells are differentiated into osteoblasts. Endochondrial ossification happens when other bones are developing; it has a two-staged mechanism. The mesenchymal cells change to chondrocytes, the primary cell type of cartilage, which forms an avascular and highly hypoxic matrix template or growth plate. As a permanent stress, hypoxia influences general chondrocyte metabolism and tissue-specific production of cartilage matrix proteins such as type two collage. The cartilaginous matrix was then replaced by highly vascularized bone tissue through degradation of the matrix and blood vessel invasion. Endochondral ossification requires both the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes and the conversion of avascular cartilage tissue into highly vascularized bone tissue by degradation of the cartilage matrix, and vascular invasion, mainly through the activation of VEGF. Recent studies show that the HIF pathway is participating in membranous ossification and in both stages of endochondral ossification by binding angiogenesis to osteogenesis and regulating the spatiotemporal onset of angiogenesis in the growth plate. Both HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha are expressed in growth plate chondrocytes, HIF-1alpha is expressed in similar levels during all stages of chondrocyte differentiation, with its activity enhanced by hypoxia. HIF-2alpha is independent of oxygen-dependent hydroxylation as its levels increase with chondrocyte differentiation. HIF-1 functions as a survival factor in hypoxic chondrocytes by increasing anaerobic glycolysis and hindering apoptosis. It also promotes autophagy, which could extend the lifespan of chondrocytes. HIF-1 is also crucial in extracellular matrix synthesis, which involves the expression of important components required by proliferating chondrocytes in the proliferating zone. HIF-2 is a potent transactivator of many genes, such as type X collagen. Increased levels of HIF-2alpha have been correlated with the development of osteoarthritis. This suggests that HIF-1 is important in the process of hypoxia-dependent cartilage formation and maintenance. HIF-2 alpha participates in endochondral ossification and cartilage destruction, which may be less hypoxia-dependent. Both HIF-1 and HIF-2 are required for developing skeletal vascularity. HIF-1 is important for early stages during severely hypoxic conditions, whereas HIF-2 is more important for later stages. ==HIFs in stem cells and cancer== Tumour hypoxia promotes tumour regression and resistance to therapy. It promotes the survival of tumour cells by shifting cells towards anaerobic metabolism, neovascularization and resistance to apoptosis. Hypoxia triggers increased genetic instability, invasion, metastasis and de-differentiation, which lead the tumour aggressiveness. Increased levels of tumour HIF-1alpha is associated with poor patient prognosis in multiple tumour types. <gallery></gallery> (a) This shows the oxygen gradient generated by the lack of oxygen within solid tumours. In (i), vessel occlusion or rapid tumour growth causes acute hypoxia that activates HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha. In (ii), only HIF-1alpha is activated to promote acute hypoxia respons, which could lead to angiogenesis or reperfusion or cell dealth shown on (iii). (iv) shows that chronic hypoxia can increase hypoxia-associated factor and HIF-2alpha levels by mediating a switch to HIF-2-dependent transcription that triggers tumour adaptation, proliferation and progression. (b) uses the blue line to show temporal regulation of HIF-1alpha, green line to show HIF-2alpha and red line to show HAF in response to chronic hypoxic exposure. The dashed lines show where the switch from HIF-1alpha to HIF-2alpha occurs. Tumour HIF-1 provides an immediate response to acute or transient hypoxia due to rapid induction and negative feedback regulation. HIF-2alpha seems to be favoured by chronic hypoxic exposure. The HIF switch is clearly observed during development of RCC, where there is a slow shift from HIF-1alpha to HIF-2alpha expression with increasing tumour grade. Stem cells have the ability for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation potential, and long-term viability. Embryotic stem cells can be extracted from the inner cell mass of blastocysis. Adult stem cells are found in tissues such as blood, bone marrow and adipose tissue. Both normal and malignant stem cells are situated in specialized areas where factors such as low oxygen play a crucial role in maintaining pluripotency and viability. Tumour cells have been shown to go through de-differentiation under hypoxic conditions. Thus, HIF-1 and HIF-2 both trigger the hypoxia-induced undifferentiated phenotype by activating the Notch pathway and activating the transcription of other stem-cell-specific factors. HIF-1 is the main driver for hypoxia-induced transcription in non-neoplastic embryonic stem cells. It is required for maintenance of the undifferentiated phenotype in GBM stem cells under hypoxic conditions. HIF-2 seems to be nonfunctional for this part. However, it is required for the proliferation of both stem and non-stem GBM cells; it is especially required for the survival of GBM stem cells. Both HIF1 and HIF2 can have hypoxia-independent functions in CSC maintenance. It seems that the HIF2 has similar functions as HIF1; however, it differs from HIF1 in that it has a unique role in stem cell maintenance under physiological oxygen tension, independently of hypoxia. ==Conclusion== Studies have been conducted in understanding the complex regulation of HIFs in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. HIF-1 plays an important role in early vascular and bone development. The HIF switch is also seen in solid tumours where HIF-1 triggers the initial response to hypoxia and then HIF-2 triggers the hypoxic response during chronic hypoxia exposure. Thus, it is crucial for cells to switch from HIF-1 to HIF-2 whenever needed. ==References== Mei Yee Koh, Garth Powis, Passing the baton: the HIF switch, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Volume 37, Issue 9, September 2012. {{BookCat}} noedxrg7x52yfsw1j4jmr750m9b1vit 0 300697 4673542 4559432 2026-10-01T22:03:15Z ~2026-52927-01 3627368 /* Types of human physiology */ 4673542 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Physiology''' The word ''physiology'' is from the Ancient Greek φυσιολογία (''phusiología'', "natural philosophy") and it is the study of how organisms perform their vital functions. An example is the study of how a muscle contracts or the force contracting muscles exert on the skeleton. It was introduced by French physician Jean Fernel in 1552. Physiology is built upon a tripod of sciences: physics, chemistry, and anatomy. == Types of human physiology == Human physiology is the study of functions of the human body that can be divided into the following types: '''Cell physiology'''. This is the cornerstone of human physiology; it is the study of the functions of cells. '''Special physiology''' This is the study of the functions of specific organs. For example, renal physiology is the study of kidney function. '''Systemic physiology''' It includes all aspects of the function of the body systems, such as cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology, reproductive physiology etc.. '''Pathophysiology''' It is the study of the effects of diseases on organ or system functions (pathos is the Greek word for disease). == Levels of organization == '''Atom:''' An atom is the smallest particle of an element or a molecule. [carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), etc.]. '''Molecule:''' A molecule is a particle composed of two or more joined atoms (carbon dioxide CO2, water H2O). '''Macromolecule:''' A macromolecule is a large molecule (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). '''Organelles:''' An organelle is a small organ of a cell, which performs a particular function (cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus) '''Cell:''' The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms. '''Tissue:''' A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a specialized function (epithelia, connective, muscle and nervous). '''Organ:''' An organ is a structure consisting of a group of tissues that perform a specialized function (skin, heart, brain, etc.). '''System:''' A system is a group of organs that act together to perform a specialized function. 1 . cardiovascular system 2 . respiratory system 3 . urinary system 4 . digestive system 5.nervous system 6.reproductive system 7.endocrine system 8 . musculoskeletal system 9.integument system. '''Human body:''' A living organism is the most complex level of organization. It consists of all the systems arranged in a discrete manner so as to facilitate functioning of the various organ systems in synchronicity. '''The seven characteristics of life''' 1. '''Cells:''' All living organisms have cells; cells are the building blocks of life. 2. '''Metabolism:''' All living organisms eat, drink, breathe and excrete. 3. '''Growth:''' All living organisms take in material from the environment to enlarge and sustain. 4. '''Reproduction:''' All living organisms are able to produce a copy of themselves. 5. '''Irritability:''' All living organisms are able to react to a change in their environment. 6. '''Adaptation:''' All living organisms are able to compete with each other for food and space to survive. 7. '''Movement:''' All living organisms are able to move. == Cell physiology == The cell is the basic unit of all living organisms. The cell is the functional unit of an organism. Cells are not all the same but all cells share general structures. Cells are organized into three main regions: Nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. '''1) The nucleus :''' It is the center of the cell because it contains genetic material (DNA). It consists of three main regions: the nuclear membrane, the nucleolus and chromatin. * '''Nuclear membrane :''' Nuclear membrane serves as a barrier of nucleus. It consists of a double phospholipid membrane and contains nuclear pores that allow for the exchange of material with the rest of the cell. * '''Nucleolus :''' Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli. It functions as a site of ribosome production. Ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. * '''Chromatin :''' It is composed of DNA and protein scattered throughout the nucleus. Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides. '''2) Plasma membrane :''' It is the barrier for cell contents. It consists of double phospholipid layer and monolayer of protein scattered around phospholipid layer. Other materials in the plasma membrane include cholesterol and glycoproteins. '''3) Cytoplasm :''' It is a thick, jelly-like fluid. It represents the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane. It consists of Cytosol. * '''Cytosol''': It is a fluid that suspends other elements - organelles. * '''Organelles:''' That perform the metabolic activity of the cell. * '''Cytoplasmic organelles :''' These are the organelles which are present scattered into the cytoplasm and performs specific functions. These are as follows:- * '''Ribosomes :''' They represent sites of protein synthesis in the cell. They are found at two locations : Free in the cytoplasm and attached to endoplasmic reticulum. * '''Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) :''' They are fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances. There are two types of ER : * '''Rough endoplasmic reticulum :''' They carry ribosomes that represent sites of protein synthesis. * '''Smooth endoplasmic reticulum :''' They function in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs. * '''Golgi apparatus :''' It modifies and packages proteins, secretes vesicles, plasma membrane components and lysosomes. * '''Lysosomes :''' They contain enzymes that digest non-usable materials within the cell. * '''Peroxisomes :''' These are membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes. They detoxify harmful substances and break down [[w:Free-radical_theory_of_aging|free radicals]]. * '''Mitochondria :''' The powerhouse of the cell (cells often have multiple mitochondria). They can change shape continuously. They also carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food to provide ATP for cellular activities. * '''Centrosome''' : The centrosome is composed of two centrioles surrounded by an amorphous mass of protein. Centrosomes are associated with the nuclear membrane during prophase of the cell cycle. In [[w:Mitosis|mitosis]] the nuclear membrane breaks down and the centrosome can interact with the chromosomes to build the mitotic spindles. * '''Centrioles :''' These are self-replicating organelles made up of nine bundles of microtubules. They appear to help in organizing cell division, but aren't essential to the process. * '''Cytoskeleton :''' It's a network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm. It provides the cell with an internal framework. For example, microfilaments and microtubules. * '''a-Microfilaments :''' Microfilaments are solid rods made of proteins called actin. These filaments are important supports of the cytoskeleton. * '''b-Microtubules :''' These straight, hollow cylinders are found throughout the cytoplasm of all human cells and carry out a variety of functions, ranging from transport to structural support. Cell membrane is made up of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. {{bookcat}} e3l85a4rhb0e89218kn7hxp8t25mjki 0 307576 4673494 4639009 2026-10-01T16:28:31Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4673494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{center/top}} [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|75px]] {{big|multiple=3|'''Почта СССР'''}} [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|75px]] {| class="toccolours" align=center | [[w:Soviet Union stamp catalogue|CPA catalogue]]<br> [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1959|←]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1960|1960]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1961|1961]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1962|1962]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1963|1963]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1964|1964]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1965|1965]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1966|1966]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967|1967]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1968|1968]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969|'''<big>1969</big>''']] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1970|1970]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1971|1971]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1972|1972]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1973|1973]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1974|1974]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1975|1975]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1976|1976]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1977|1977]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1978|1978]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1979|1979]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1980|→]] |} {{center/end}} {{center|{{big|CPA # 3720-3841 (122 stamps, 65 series)}}}} '''Here complete descriptions of 1969 USSR stamps are given.'''<br /> '''Здесь приведены полные описания почтовых марок СССР 1969 года.''' * All available images of 1969 USSR stamps are on the Wikimedia Commons:<br /> * Все имеющиеся изображения почтовых марок СССР 1969 года находятся на Викискладе:<br /> *[[File:Commons-logo.svg|32px|Wikimedia commons|link=c:]] [[c:Category:1969 all stamps of the Soviet Union|1969 all stamps of the Soviet Union]] :* You can also see standard images of 1969 USSR stamps on Wikimedia commons:<br /> :* Типовые изображения почтовых марок СССР 1969 года можно также посмотреть на Викискладе:<br /> :*[[File:Commons-logo.svg|32px|Wikimedia commons|link=c:]] [[c:Каталог ЦФА (3001-4000)|Каталог ЦФА (3001-4000)]]<br> Attention! The stamps are sorted by CPA (Central Philatelic Agency) catalog numbers, not by dates of their issue!<br /> Внимание! Марки отсортированы по номерам каталога [[w:ru:Союзпечать|ЦФА]], а не по дате выпуска!<br /> The names of stamps and stamp series are made according to all used 7 catalogues<ref name="Spivak" /><ref name="Zagor" /><ref name="Liapine" /><ref name="Scott" /><ref name="Michel" /><ref name="Gibbons" /><ref name="Yvert" />.<br /> Названия марок и серий марок составлены по всем используемым 7 каталогам.<br /> '''Names of articles of Wikipedia are whenever possible used in names of stamps and series.''' [[File:Wikipedia-logo.svg|32px|Wikipedia|link=w:]]<br /> '''В названия марок и серий по возможности использованы названия статей Википедии.''' [[File:Wikipedia-logo.svg|32px|Wikipedia|link=w:ru:]]<br /> == Full descriptions / Полные описания == C - [[w:Commemorative stamp|Commemorative stamp]] ([[w:ru:Коммеморативная марка|Коммеморативная марка]])<br /> Size of images / Размер картинок:<br /> size&nbsp;=&nbsp;0-50&nbsp;mm → 4·size&nbsp;px<br /> size&nbsp;=&nbsp;50-100&nbsp;mm → 3·size&nbsp;+&nbsp;50&nbsp;px<br /> size&nbsp;=&nbsp;100-150&nbsp;mm → 2·size&nbsp;+&nbsp;150&nbsp;px<br /> size&nbsp;=&nbsp;150-200&nbsp;mm → size&nbsp;+&nbsp;300&nbsp;px<br /> size&nbsp;≥&nbsp;200&nbsp;mm → 500&nbsp;px<br /> === 40 CPA ##3788-3792 (5) State Museum of Oriental Art, Moscow (Founded 1918.10.30) === Full design (Полное оформление).<br /> [[b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969#40 1969.09.03 (Museum of Oriental Art)|See also short descriptions (см. также краткие описания)]] {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="center" colspan="3"|'''State [[w:Museum|Museum]] of [[w:Asian art|Oriental Art]], [[w:Moscow|Moscow]] (Founded 1918.10.30).''' Designer: Vasili Zavyalov. Type: [[w:Commemorative stamp|commemorative]]. General text: “ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МУЗЕЙ ИСКУССТВА НАРОДОВ ВОСТОКА”. [[w:Nationality|National]] [[w:Ornament (art)|ornaments]] are on the left side of the stamps<br /> Perforation: comb 12:12½. Paper: [[w:Coated paper|coated]]. Print: [[w:Offset printing|offset]]. Size: 30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm (25&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm)<ref name="Natural" />. Sheet: 25 (5&nbsp;x&nbsp;5). Colour, face value and quantities: see the stamps<br /> '''[[w:ru:Музей Востока|Государственный музей искусства народов Востока]] в [[w:ru:Москва|Москве]] (основан 30/X 1918).''' Художник [[w:ru:Завьялов, Василий Васильевич (художник)|Василий Васильевич Завьялов]]. [[w:ru:Коммеморативная марка|Коммеморативные]]. Общий текст: «ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МУЗЕЙ ИСКУССТВА НАРОДОВ ВОСТОКА». [[w:ru:Национальность|Национальные]] [[w:ru:Орнамент|орнаменты]] на левой стороне марок. |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | align="center"| '''1969.09.03''' | align="left" colspan="2"|Numbers: [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] 3711-3715; Liapine&nbsp;3746-3750; [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] 3634-3638; [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] 3661-3665; [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] 3723-3727; [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] 3522-3526. Codes: Scott 1745 (1); Michel dzd-dzh (5), SG 1388 (1) |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.69-40.1 C<br />[[Image:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3788 stamp (Turkmenian Drinking Horn).jpg|120x168px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFF8" align="left"|'''[[w:Turkmenistan|Turkmenian]] [[w:Drinking horn|Drinking Horn]].''' [[w:Cult (religious practice)|Cult]] [[w:Drinking horn|drinking horn]] [[w:Rhyton|rhyton]] ([[w:Turkmenistan|Turkmenian]], 2nd-cent [[w:Anno Domini|B.&nbsp;C.]]). [[w:Ivory|Ivory]]. It is found in case of [[w:Nisa, Turkmenistan|Nisa]]'s [[w:Excavation (archaeology)|excavation]] - the large city of the [[w:Parthian Empire|Parthian Empire]]. Local text: "РИТОН. ТУРКМЕНИЯ II ВЕК ДО Н.Э.". Colour: blue<ref name="Scott" /> and multicoloured. Face value: 4k. Quantities: 5,000,000 copies.<br /> '''[[w:ru:Религиозный культ|Культовый]] [[w:ru:Рог (сосуд)|кубок-рог]], [[w:ru:Туркмения|Туркмения]].''' [[w:ru:Религиозный культ|Культовый]] [[w:ru:Рог (сосуд)|кубок-рог]] [[w:ru:Ритон|ритон]] ([[w:ru:Туркмения|Туркмения]], II век до [[w:ru:Наша эра|н.&nbsp;э.]]). [[w:ru:Слоновая кость|Слоновая кость]]. Найден при [[w:ru:Раскопки|раскопках]] [[w:ru:Ниса|Нисы]] - крупного города [[w:ru:Парфянское царство|Парфянского царства]]. Локальный текст: "РИТОН. ТУРКМЕНИЯ II ВЕК ДО Н.Э.". Синяя и многоцветная. |bgcolor="#FFFFE0" |'''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]&nbsp;3788'''<br /> [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]]&nbsp;3711 Liapine&nbsp;3746 [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]]&nbsp;3634 ('''A1745''') [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]]&nbsp;3661 (dzd) [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]]&nbsp;3723 (1388) [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]]&nbsp;3522 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.70-40.2 C<br>[[Image:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3789 stamp (Persian Simurgh Vessel).jpg|120x168px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFF8" align="left"|'''[[w:Iran|Persian]] [[w:Simurgh|Simurgh]] Vessel.''' [[w:Simurgh|Simurgh]] vessel - giant [[w:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] bird ([[w:Iran|Iran]], 13th century). [[w:Ceramic|Ceramic]], [[w:Ceramic glaze|glaze]]. Local text: "СОСУД СИМУРГ. ИРАН XIII ВЕК". Colour: lilac<ref name="Scott" /> and multicoloured. Face value: 6k. Quantities: 4,500,000 copies.<br /> '''Сосуд [[w:ru:Симург|Симург]], [[w:ru:Иран|Персия]].''' [[w:ru:Симург|Симург]] - сосуд в форме птицы с женским лицом ([[w:ru:Иран|Иран]], XIII век). [[w:ru:Керамика|Керамика]], [[w:ru:Глазурь|глазурь]]. Локальный текст: "СОСУД СИМУРГ. ИРАН XIII ВЕК". Сиреневая и многоцветная. |bgcolor="#FFFFE0" |'''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]&nbsp;3789'''<br /> [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]]&nbsp;3712 Liapine&nbsp;3747 [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]]&nbsp;3635 (A1745) [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]]&nbsp;3662 (dze) [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]]&nbsp;3724 [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]]&nbsp;3523 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.71-40.3 C<br>[[Image:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3790 stamp (Head of Goddess Guanyin, Korea).jpg|120x168px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFF8" align="left"|'''Head of Goddess [[w:Guanyin|Guanyin (Kannon)]], [[w:Korea|Korea]].''' [[w:Guanyin|Guanyin (Kannon)]] - goddess of the [[w:Summum bonum|Good]] and [[w:Mercy|mercy]] ([[w:Korea|Korea]], 8th century). [[w:Stone sculpture|Stone]]. Local text: "КАНЫМ. КОРЕЯ VIII ВЕК". Colour: red <ref name="Scott" /> and multicoloured. Face value: 12k. Quantities: 4,000,000 copies.<br /> '''Голова богини [[w:ru:Гуаньинь|Гуаньинь (Каным)]], [[w:ru:Корея|Корея]].''' [[w:ru:Гуаньинь|Гуаньинь (Каным)]] - богиня [[w:ru:Добро|добра]] и [[w:ru:Милосердие (христианство)|милосердия]] ([[w:ru:Корея|Корея]], VIII век). [[w:ru:Камень|Камень]]. Локальный текст: "КАНЫМ. КОРЕЯ VIII ВЕК". Красная и многоцветная. |bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]&nbsp;3790'''<br /> [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]]&nbsp;3713 Liapine&nbsp;3748 [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]]&nbsp;3636 (A1745) [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]]&nbsp;3663 (dzf) [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]]&nbsp;3725 [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]]&nbsp;3524 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.72-40.4 C<br>[[Image:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3791 stamp (Bodhisattva Statuette, Tibet).jpg|120x168px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFF8" align="left"|'''[[w:Bodhisattva|Bodhisattva]] Statuette, [[w:Tibet|Tibet]].''' [[w:Bodhisattva|Bodhisattva]] - goddess of [[w:Happiness|happiness]], the [[w:Summum bonum|Good]] and [[w:Mercy|mercy]] ([[w:Tibet|Tibet]], 7th century). [[w:Bronze|Bronze]]. Local text: "БОДИСАТВА. ТИБЕТ VII ВЕК". Colour: blue, violet<ref name="Scott" /> and multicoloured. Face value: 12k. Quantities: 3,500,000 copies.<br /> '''Статуэтка [[w:ru:Бодхисаттва|Бодхисаттвы]], [[w:ru:Тибет|Тибет]].''' [[w:ru:Бодхисаттва|Бодхисаттва]] - богиня [[w:ru:Счастье|счастья]], [[w:ru:Добро|добра]] и [[w:ru:Милосердие (христианство)|милосердия]] ([[w:ru:Тибет|Тибет]], VII век). [[w:ru:Бронза|Бронза]]. Локальный текст: "БОДИСАТВА. ТИБЕТ VII ВЕК". Синяя, фиолетовая и многоцветная. |bgcolor="#FFFFE0" |'''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]&nbsp;3791'''<br /> [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]]&nbsp;3714 Liapine&nbsp;3749 [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]]&nbsp;3637 (A1745) [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]]&nbsp;3664 (dzg) [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]]&nbsp;3726 [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]]&nbsp;3525 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.73-40.5 C<br>[[Image:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3792 stamp (Ebisu Statuette, Japan).jpg|120x168px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFF8" align="left"|'''[[w:Ebisu (mythology)|Ebisu]] Statuette, [[w:Japan|Japan]].''' [[w:Ebisu|Ebisu]] - God of [[w:Happiness|happiness]] and [[w:Wealth|wealth]] ([[w:Japan|Japan]], 17th century). [[w:Ivory|Ivory]]. Local text: "ЭБИЗУ. ЯПОНИЯ XVII ВЕК". Colour: pale green<ref name="Scott" /> and multicoloured. Face value: 20k. Quantities: 3,000,000 copies.<br /> '''Статуэтка [[w:ru:Эбису|Эбису]], [[w:ru:Япония|Япония]].''' [[w:ru:Эбису|Эбису]] - бог [[w:ru:Счастье|счастья]] и [[w:ru:Богатство)|богатства]] ([[w:ru:Япония|Япония]], XVII век). [[w:ru:Слоновая кость|Слоновая кость]]. Локальный текст: "ЭБИЗУ. ЯПОНИЯ XVII ВЕК". Бледнохзеленая и многоцветная. |bgcolor="#FFFFE0" |'''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]&nbsp;3792'''<br /> [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]]&nbsp;3715 Liapine&nbsp;3750 [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]]&nbsp;3638 (A1745) [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]]&nbsp;3665 (dzh) [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]]&nbsp;3727 [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]]&nbsp;3526 |} == Short descriptions / Краткие описания == '''Full design (Полное оформление).''' C - [[w:Commemorative stamp|Commemorative stamp]] ([[w:ru:Коммеморативная марка|Коммеморативная марка]])<br /> Size of images: / Размер картинок:<br /> size&nbsp;=&nbsp;0-50&nbsp;mm → 2·size&nbsp;px<br /> size&nbsp;=&nbsp;50-150&nbsp;mm → size&nbsp;+&nbsp;50&nbsp;px<br /> size&nbsp;≥&nbsp;150&nbsp;mm → 200&nbsp;px<br /> === 1 1969.01.01 (Belarus) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''1 50th anniversary of the [[w:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]''' (Belarus)<br /> '''1. 50-летие [[w:ru:Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика|Белорусской Советской Социалистической Республики]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.1-1.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3720 stamp (Revolutionaries and Monument).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 2k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Revolutionary|Revolutionaries]] and [[w:Monument|Monument]]<br /> [[w:ru:Революция|Революционеры]] и [[w:ru:Памятник|памятник]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3720''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3643 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3678 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3568 ('''A1709''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3594 ('''dwg''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3655 ('''1351''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3460 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.2-1.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3721 stamp (Partisans and Sword).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Belarusian partisans|Partisans]] and [[w:Sword|Sword]]<br /> [[w:ru:Партизан|Партизаны]] и [[w:ru:Меч|меч]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3721''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3644 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3679 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3569 (A1709) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3595 ('''dwh''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3656 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3461 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.3-1.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3722 stamp (Workers and Orders of Lenin).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Laborer|Workers]] and [[w:Order of Lenin|Orders of Lenin]]<br /> [[w:ru:Рабочие|Рабочие]] и [[w:ru:Орден Ленина|ордена Ленина]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3722''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3645 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3680 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3570 (A1709) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3596 ('''dwi''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3657 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3462 |} === 2 1969.01.01 (Latvia) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''2 50th Anniversary of [[w:October Revolution|Soviet Power]] in [[w:Latvia|Latvia]] (December, 1918)''' (Latvia)<br /> '''2. 50-летие со дня установления [[w:ru:Советы#В период Октябрьской революции|Советской власти]] в [[w:ru:Латвия|Латвии]] (декабрь 1918)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.4-2.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3723 stamp (Russian and Latvian Shooters).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Russians|Russian]] and [[w:Latvians|Latvian]] [[w:Firearm|Shooters]]<br /> [[w:ru:Русские|Русский]] и [[w:ru:Латыши|латышский]] [[w:ru:Огнестрельное оружие|стрелки]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3723''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3646 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3681 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3567 ('''A1708''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3597 ('''dwk''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3658 ('''1352''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3463 |} === 3 1969.01.22 (1st Team Spaceflight) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''3 1st [[w:Team|Team]] [[w:Spaceflight|Spaceflights]] of [[w:Soyuz 4|Soyuz 4]] and [[w:Soyuz 5|Soyuz 5]], 1/16/69. Sheet of 1''' (1st Team Spaceflight)<br /> '''3. Первая в [[w:ru:Мир (Земля)|мире]] [[w:ru:Эксперимент|экспериментальная]] [[w:ru:Орбитальная станция|космическая станция]] ([[w:ru:Союз-4|Союз-4]] и [[w:ru:Союз-5|Союз-5]]). Почтовый блок''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.5-3.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3724 sheet of 1 (Vladimir Shatalov, Boris Volynov, Aleksei Yeliseyev and Yevgeny Khrunov).jpg|144x118px]]<br />94&nbsp;x&nbsp;68&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 50k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Vladimir Shatalov|Vladimir Shatalov]], [[w:Boris Volynov|Boris Volynov]], [[w:Aleksei Yeliseyev|Aleksei Yeliseyev]] and [[w:Yevgeny Khrunov|Yevgeny Khrunov]]<br /> [[w:ru:Шаталов, Владимир Александрович|Владимир Александрович Шаталов]], [[w:ru:Волынов, Борис Валентинович|Борис Валентинович Волынов]], [[w:ru:Елисеев, Алексей Станиславович|Алексей Станиславович Елисеев]] и [[w:ru:Хрунов, Евгений Васильевич|Евгений Васильевич Хрунов]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3724''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Бл 57 (3647) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Блок 58 (3682) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3571 ('''A1710''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Block 54 (3596) ('''dwm''' ('''dwl''')) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | MS3659 ('''1353''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Bloc 53 |} === 4 1969.01.23 (Saint Petersburg State University) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''4 150th Anniversary of [[w:Saint Petersburg State University|Andrei Zhdanov Leningrad University]]''' (Saint Petersburg State University)<br /> '''4. 150-летие [[w:ru:Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет|Ленинградского государственного университета имени А.&nbsp;А.&nbsp;Жданова]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.6-4.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3725 stamp (University Buildings).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | University Buildings | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3725''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3648 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3683 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3572 ('''A1711''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3599 ('''dwn''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3660 ('''1354''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3464 |} === 5 1969.02.13 (Ivan Klylov) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''5 Birth Bicent of [[w:Ivan Krylov|Ivan Klylov]], [[w:Fable|Fabulist]] (1769?-1844)''' (Ivan Klylov)<br /> '''5. 200-летие со дня рождения [[w:ru:Басня|баснописца]] [[w:ru:Крылов, Иван Андреевич|Ивана Андреевича Крылова]] (1769?-1844)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.7-5.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3726 stamp (Ivan Klylov).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Ivan Klylov | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3726''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3649 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3684 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3573 ('''A1712''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3600 ('''dwo''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3661 ('''1355''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3465 |} === 6 1969.02.23 (Heroes of World War II) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''6 [[w:Hero of the Soviet Union|Heroes]] of [[w:Great Patriotic War (term)|World War II]]''' (Heroes of World War II) Continuation of the series (CPA [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1960#6 1960.02.23-1960.05.04 (Heroes of World War II)|2401-2402]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1961#10 1961.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2547]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1961#33 1961.06.22 (Heroes of World War II)|2591]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1962#7 1962.02.22 (Heroes of World War II)|2663-2664]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1963#8 1963.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2826-2827]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1963#9 1963.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2828]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1964#9 1964.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|3002-3003]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1964#10 1964.02.23-1964.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3004-3005]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1965#1 1965.01.29 (Heroes of World War II)|3148-3149]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1966#8 1966.02.23-1966.07.30 (Heroes of World War II)|3324-3326]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#2 1967.02.16 (Heroes of World War II)|3462-3463]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#15 1967.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3490]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#24 1967.07.20 (Heroes of World War II)|3509]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1968#2 1968.01.20 (Heroes of World War II)|3595-3597]], '''3727-3728''', [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969#12 1969.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3746]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969#46 1969.09.20 (Heroes of World War II)|3802]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1970#4 1970.02.10 (Heroes of World War II)|3855-3856]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1971#6 1971.02.16-1971.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3976-3977]]) (33 stamps)<br /> '''6. [[w:ru:Герой Советского Союза|Герои]] [[w:ru:Великая Отечественная война|Великой Отечественной войны]].''' Продолжение серии |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.8-6.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3727 stamp (World War II Hero First Lieutenant of the Guard Aleksandr Kosmodemyansky).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | World War II Hero [[w:First lieutenant|First Lieutenant]] of the [[w:Guards unit|Guard]] [[w:Aleksandr Kosmodemyansky|Aleksandr Kosmodemyansky]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3727''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3650 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3685 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3575'' (A1713) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3602'' ('''dwr''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3663'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3467'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.9-6.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3728 stamp (World War II Hero Political Commissar Nikolay Filchenkov).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | World War II Hero [[w:Political commissar|Political Commissar]] Nikolay Filchenkov | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3728''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3651 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3686 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3574'' ('''A1713''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3601'' ('''dwp''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3662'' ('''1356''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3466'' |} === 7 1969.03.21 (1st Hungarian Soviet Republic) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''7 50th Anniversary of [[w:Hungarian Soviet Republic|1st Hungarian Soviet Republic]] (1919.03.21)''' (1st Hungarian Soviet Republic)<br /> '''7. 50-летие провозглашения [[w:ru:Венгерская Советская Республика|1-й Венгерской Советской Республики]] (21/III 1919)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.10-7.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3729 stamp (The Whell Turns Round Again).jpg|74x74px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''The Whell Turns Round Again'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3729''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3652 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3687 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3576 ('''A1714''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3603 ('''dws''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3664 ('''1357''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3468 |} === 8 1969.03.22 (Bashkir ASSR) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''8 50th Anniversary of the [[w:Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919.03.23)''' (Bashkir ASSR)<br /> '''8. 50-летие [[w:ru:Башкирская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика|Башкирской Автономной Советской Социалистической Республики]] (23/III 1919)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.11-8.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3730 stamp (Oil Refinery and Salawat Yulayev Monument).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Oil refinery|Oil Refinery]] and [[w:Salawat Yulayev|Salawat Yulayev]] Monument | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3730''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3653 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3688 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3577 ('''A1715''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3604 ('''dwt''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3665 ('''1358''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3469 |} === 9 1969.04.12 (Cosmonautics Day) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''9 [[w:Cosmonautics Day|National Cosmonautics Day]]''' (Cosmonautics Day)<br /> '''9. [[w:ru:День космонавтики|День космонавтики]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.12-9.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3731 stamp (Sergei Korolev).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Sergei Korolev|Sergei Korolev]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3731''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3654 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3689 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3578 ('''A1716''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3606'' ('''dwv''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3668'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3478 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.13-9.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3732 stamp (Vostok on Launching Pad).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Vostok (rocket family)|Vostok]] on [[w:Launch pad|Launching Pad]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3732''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3655 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3690 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3580'' ('''A1717''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3605'' ('''dwu''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3666'' ('''1359''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3480'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.14-9.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3733 stamp (Zond 5).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Zond 5|Zond 5]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3733''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3656 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3691 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3579'' (A1716) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3607 ('''dww''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3667'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3479'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.15-9.4 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3734 sheet of 1 (Soyuz 3).jpg|140x115px]]<br />90&nbsp;x&nbsp;65&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 80k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Soyuz 3|Soyuz 3]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3734''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Бл 58 (3657) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Блок 59 (3692) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3581 (A1716) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Block 55 (3608) ('''dwy'''('''dwx''')) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | MS3669 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Bloc 54 |} === 10 1969.04.18-10.21 (Lenin's Places) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''10 Places in the [[w:Soviet Union|USSR]] Connected with [[w:Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]]''' (Lenin's Places)<br /> '''10. Памятные [[w:ru:Ленин, Владимир Ильич|ленинские]] места в [[w:ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик|СССР]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.16-10.1 C<br />1969.06.12<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3735 stamp (Lenin House, Ulyanovsk).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin House, [[w:Ulyanovsk|Ulyanovsk]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3735''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3658 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3702'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3591'' (A1718) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3632'' ('''dxy''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3678'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3477B'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.17-10.2 C<br />1969.10.21<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3736 stamp (Lenin Museum, Ulyanovsk).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin Museum, [[w:Ulyanovsk|Ulyanovsk]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3736''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3659 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3701'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3590'' (A1718) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3681'' ('''dzz''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3679'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3477A'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.18-10.3 C<br />1969.04.18<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3737 stamp (Lenin University, Kazan).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin University, [[w:Kazan|Kazan]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3737''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3660 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3693'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3582'' ('''A1718''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3609'' ('''dwz''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3670'' ('''1360''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3472'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.19-10.4 C<br />1969.04.18<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3738 stamp (Lenin Museum, Samara).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin Museum, [[w:Samara, Russia|Samara]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3738''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3661 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3694'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3583'' ('''A1718a''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3610'' ('''dxa''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3671'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3475'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.20-10.5 C<br />1969.04.18<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3739 stamp (Lenin Museum, Shushenskoye).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin Museum, [[w:Shushenskoye|Shushenskoye]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3739''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3662 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3694'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3585'' ('''A1718c''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3611'' ('''dxb''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3673'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3477'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.21-10.6 C<br />1969.04.18<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3740 stamp (Lenin Museum, Pskov).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin Museum, [[w:Pskov|Pskov]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3740''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3663 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3695'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3584'' ('''A1718b''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3612'' ('''dxc''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3672'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3474'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.22-10.7 C<br />1969.04.18<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3741 stamp (Hay Hut, Razliv).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Hay Hut, Razliv | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3741''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3664 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3696'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3586'' (A1718) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3613'' ('''dxd''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3674'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3476'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.23-10.8 C<br />1969.04.18<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3742 stamp (Smolny Institute, Saint Petersburg).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Smolny Institute|Smolny Institute]], [[w:Saint Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3742''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3665 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3697'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3588'' ('''A1718d''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3614'' ('''dxe''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3676'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3471'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.24-10.9 C<br />1969.04.18<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3743 stamp (Lenin’s Office in Kremlin, Moscow).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin’s Office in [[w:Kremlin|Kremlin]], [[w:Moscow|Moscow]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3743''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3666 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3698'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3589'' (A1718) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3615'' ('''dxf''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3677'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3470'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.25-10.10 C<br />1969.04.18<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3744 stamp (Lenin Museum, Gorki Leninskiye).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin Museum, [[w:Gorki Leninskiye|Gorki Leninskiye]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3744''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3667 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3699'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3587'' (A1718) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3616'' ('''dxg''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3675'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3473'' |} === 11 1969.04.25 (VEF) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''11 50th Anniversary of [[w:VEF|VEF Electrical Works]], [[w:Riga|Riga]]''' (VEF)<br /> '''11. 50-летие [[w:ru:Рига|Рижского]] [[w:ru:VEF (фабрика)|завода ВЭФ]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.26-11.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3745 stamp (Telephone, Radio Set and Trademark).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Telephone, Radio Set and Trademark | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3745''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3668 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3703 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3592 (A1719) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3617 ('''dxh''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3680 ('''1361''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3481 |} === 12 1969.05.09 (Heroes of World War II) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''12 [[w:Hero of the Soviet Union|Heroes]] of [[w:Great Patriotic War (term)|World War II]].''' [[w:Czechs|Czech]] Officer [[w:Otakar Jaroš|Otakar Jaroš]] (Heroes of World War II) Continuation of the series<ref name="Michel" /><ref name="Soloviov" /> (CPA [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1960#6 1960.02.23-1960.05.04 (Heroes of World War II)|2401-2402]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1961#10 1961.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2547]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1961#33 1961.06.22 (Heroes of World War II)|2591]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1962#7 1962.02.22 (Heroes of World War II)|2663-2664]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1963#8 1963.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2826-2827]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1963#9 1963.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2828]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1964#9 1964.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|3002-3003]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1964#10 1964.02.23-1964.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3004-3005]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1965#1 1965.01.29 (Heroes of World War II)|3148-3149]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1966#8 1966.02.23-1966.07.30 (Heroes of World War II)|3324-3326]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#2 1967.02.16 (Heroes of World War II)|3462-3463]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#15 1967.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3490]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#24 1967.07.20 (Heroes of World War II)|3509]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1968#2 1968.01.20 (Heroes of World War II)|3595-3597]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969#6 1969.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|3727-3728]], '''3746''', [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969#46 1969.09.20 (Heroes of World War II)|3802]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1970#4 1970.02.10 (Heroes of World War II)|3855-3856]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1971#6 1971.02.16-1971.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3976-3977]]) (33 stamps)<br /> '''12. [[w:ru:Герой Советского Союза|Герои]] [[w:ru:Великая Отечественная война|Великой Отечественной войны]].''' [[w:ru:Чехи|Чешский]] офицер [[w:ru:Ярош, Отакар|Отакар Ярош]]. Продолжение серии |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.27-12.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3746 stamp (World War II First Foreign Hero Otakar Jaroš).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | World War II First Foreign Hero Otakar Jaroš | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3746''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3669 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3704 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3575A (A1713) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3618 ('''dxi''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3682 ('''1363''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3483 |} === 13 1969.05.09 (ILO) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''13 50th Anniversary of the [[w:International Labour Organization|International Labor Organization]] (ILO)''' (ILO)<br /> '''13. 50-летие [[w:ru:Международная организация труда|Международной организации труда]] (МОТ)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.28-13.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3747 stamp (ILO Emblem and Globe).jpg|102x102px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ILO Emblem and Globe | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3747''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3670 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3705 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3593 ('''A1720''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3619 ('''dxk''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3681 ('''1362''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3482 |} === 14 1969.05.15 (Figures of the Communist Party and the Soviet State) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''14 Figures of the [[w:Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] and the [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet State]]''' (Figures of the Communist Party and the Soviet State)<br /> '''14. Деятели [[w:ru:Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза|Коммунистической партии]] и [[w:ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик|Советского государства]].''' Продолжение серии |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.29-14.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3748 stamp (Stanislav Kosior).jpg|52x74px]]<br />26&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Stanislav Kosior|Stanislav Kosior]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3748''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3671 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3706 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3516C'' (A1688) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3626'' ('''dxs''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3684'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3486'' |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.30-14.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3749 stamp (Pavlo Dybenko).jpg|52x74px]]<br />26&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Pavlo Dybenko|Pavlo Dybenko]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3749''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3672 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3707 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3516B'' (A1688) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3625'' ('''dxr''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3683'' ('''1364''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ''3485'' |} === 15 1969.05.15 (Suleiman Stalsky) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''15 Birth Centenary of [[w:Suleyman Stalsky|Suleiman Stalsky]] (1869-1937), [[w:Lezgian people|Lezgin]] poet-[[w:Ashik|ashik]] from [[w:Dagestan|Daghestan]]''' (Suleiman Stalsky)<br /> '''15. 100-летие со дня рождения [[w:ru:Лезгины|лезгинского]] народного поэта-[[w:ru:Ашуг|ашуга]] [[w:ru:Дагестан|Дагестана]] [[w:ru:Стальский, Сулейман|Сулеймана Стальского]] (1869-1937)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.31-15.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3750 stamp (Suleyman Stalsky).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Suleyman Stalsky | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3750''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3673 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3708 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3595 ('''A1721''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3627 ('''dxt''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3685 ('''1365''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3484 |} === 16 1969.05.15 (Moscow Botanical Garden) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''16 [[w:Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences|Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences]]''' (Moscow Botanical Garden)<br /> '''16. [[w:ru:Главный ботанический сад имени Н. В. Цицина РАН|Главный ботанический сад имени Н. В. Цицина РАН]] в Москве''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.32-16.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3751 stamp (Rose Clear Glade).jpg|74x74px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 2k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Rose ''Clear Glade'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3751''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3674 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3709 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3596 ('''A1722''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3620 ('''dxl''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3686 ('''1366''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3487 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.33-16.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3752 stamp (Lily Slender).jpg|74x74px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lily ''Slender'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3752''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3675 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3710 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3597 (A1722) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3621 ('''dxm''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3687 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3488 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.34-16.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3753 stamp (Cattleya hybrid (orchid)).jpg|74x74px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Cattleya hybrid (orchid) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3753''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3676 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3711 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3598 (A1722) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3622 ('''dxn''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3688 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3489 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.35-16.4 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3754 stamp (Dahlia Leaves Fall).jpg|74x74px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 12k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Dahlia ''Leaves Fall'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3754''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3677 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3712 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3599 (A1722) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3623 ('''dxo''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3689 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3490 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.36-16.5 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3755 stamp (Gladiolus Ural Girl).jpg|74x74px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 14k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Gladiolus ''Ural Girl'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3755''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3678 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3713 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3600 (A1722) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3624 ('''dxp''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3690 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3491 |} === 17 1969.05.22 (Ukrainian Academy of Sciences) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''17 50th Anniversary of [[w:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine|Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR]], [[w:Kiev|Kiev]]''' (Ukrainian Academy of Sciences)<br /> '''17. 50-летие [[w:ru:Национальная академия наук Украины|Академии наук Украинской ССР]], [[w:ru:Киев|Киев]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.37-17.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3756 stamp (Scientific Centre).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Scientific Centre | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3756''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3679 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3714 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3601 ('''A1723''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3628 ('''dxu''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3691 ('''1367''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3492 |} === 18 1969.06.03 (Cinema Festival in Moscow) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''18 6th [[w:Moscow International Film Festival|Moscow International Film Festival]] (07-22.07)''' (Cinema Festival in Moscow)<br /> '''18. VI [[w:ru:Московский международный кинофестиваль|Московский международный кинофестиваль]] (7-22/VII)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.38-18.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3757 stamp (Film, Camera and Medal).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Film|Film]], [[w:Camera|Camera]] and [[w:Medal|Medal]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3757''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3680 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3715 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3602 ('''A1724''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3629 ('''dxv''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3692 ('''1368''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3493 |} === 19 1969.06.03 (Ballet Competitions in Moscow) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''19 1st International [[w:Ballet|Ballet]] Competitions in Moscow (11-23.06)''' (Ballet Competitions in Moscow)<br /> '''19. I Международный конкурс артистов [[w:ru:Балет|балета]] в Москве (11-23/VI)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.39-19.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3758 stamp (Ballet Dancers).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Ballet Dancers | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3758''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3681 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3716 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3603 ('''A1725''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3630 ('''dxw''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3693 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3494 |} === 20 1969.06.10 (Protozoologists Congress) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''20 3rd International [[w:Protozoology|Protozoologists]] Congress in Leningrad (02-10.07)''' (Protozoologists Congress)<br /> '''20. III Международный конгресс [[w:ru:Протозоология|протозоологов]] в Ленинграде (2-10/VII)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.40-20.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3759 stamp (Radiolaria and It Division).jpg|56x80px]]<br />28&nbsp;x&nbsp;40&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Radiolaria and It Division | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3759''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3682 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3717 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3605 ('''A1726''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3631 ('''dxx''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3694 ('''1369''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3495 |} === 21 1969.06.14 (Estonian Song Festival) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''21 Centenary of [[w:Estonian Song Festival|Estonian Song Festival]]''' (Estonian Song Festival)<br /> '''21. 100-летие [[w:ru:Эстонский праздник песни|эстонского праздника песни]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.41-21.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3760 stamp (Estonian Singer and Festival Emblem).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Estonian Singer and Festival Emblem | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3760''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3683 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3718 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3606 ('''A1727''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3633 ('''dxz''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3695 ('''1370''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3496 |} === 22 1969.06.20 (Periodic Law) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''22 Centenary of the [[w:Periodic table|Periodic Law]] (Classification of Chemacel Elements), Formulated by [[w:Dmitri Mendeleev|Dmitri Mendeleev]] (1834-1907)''' (Periodic Law)<br /> '''22. 100-летие [[w:ru:Периодический закон|Периодического закона]] химических элементов [[w:ru:Менделеев, Дмитрий Иванович|Дмитрия Ивановича Менделеева]] (1834-1907)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.42-22.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3761 stamp (Mendeleev and Formula).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Mendeleev and Formula | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3761''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3684 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3719 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3607 ('''A1728''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3634 ('''dya''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3696 ('''1371''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3501 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.43-22.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3762 sheet of 1 (Mendeleev and Periodic Law).jpg|126x153px]]<br />76&nbsp;x&nbsp;103&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 30k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Mendeleev and Periodic Law | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3762''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Бл 59 (3685) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Блок 60 (3720) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3608 (A1728) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Block 56 (3635) ('''dyc'''('''dyb''')) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | MS3697 ('''1371''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Bloc 55 |} === 23 1969.06.20 (World Peace Movement) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''23 20th anniversary of the World Peace Movement''' (World Peace Movement)<br /> '''23. 20-летие Всемирного движения за мир''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.44-23.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3763 stamp (Peace Banner and World Landmarks).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Peace|Peace]] Banner and World [[w:Landmark|Landmarks]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3763''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3686 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3721 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3609 ('''A1729''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3636 ('''dyd''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3698 ('''1372''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3497 |} === 24 1969.06.20 (Soviet Scientific Inventions) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''24 20th anniversary of [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet]] Scientific Inventions ([[w:Glossary of patent law terms#Author’s certificate|Decree from 30.06.1919]])''' (Soviet Scientific Inventions)<br /> '''24. 50-летие [[w:ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик|советского]] изобретательства ([[w:ru:Авторское свидетельство|декрет от 30/VI 1919]])''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.45-24.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3764 stamp (Rocket on Laser Beam, and Moon).jpg|56x80px]]<br />28&nbsp;x&nbsp;40&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Rocket on [[w:Laser|Laser]] Beam, and [[w:Moon|Moon]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3764''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3687 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3722 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3610 ('''A1730''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3637 ('''dye''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3699 ('''1373''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3500 |} === 25 1969.06.25 (Ivan Kotliarevsky) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''25 Birth Bicentenary of [[w:Ivan Kotliarevsky|Ivan Kotliarevsky]], Ukrainian Writer (1769-1838)''' (Ivan Kotliarevsky)<br /> '''25. 200-летие со дня рождения украинского писателя [[w:ru:Котляревский, Иван Петрович|Ивана Петровича Котляревского]] (1769-1838)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.46-25.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3765 stamp (Ivan Kotliarevsky).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Ivan Kotliarevsky | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3765''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3688 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3723 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3611 ('''A1731''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3638 ('''dyf''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3700 ('''1374''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3498 |} === 26 1969.06.25 (Ice Hockey) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''26 [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet]] Victory in the [[w:Ice hockey|Ice Hockey]] [[w:World|World]] [[w:Championship|Championships]], [[w:Stockholm|Stockholm]], [[w:Sweden|Sweden]], 1969''' (Ice Hockey)<br /> '''26. [[w:ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик|Советские]] [[w:ru:Хоккей с шайбой|хоккеисты]] - [[w:ru:Чемпион|чемпионы]] [[w:ru:Мир (Земля)|мира]] и [[w:ru:Европа|Европы]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.47-26.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3766 stamp (2835 Overprinted 'Стокгольм. 1969').jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 2835 [[w:Overprint|Overprinted]] ''Стокгольм. 1969'' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3766''' (2835) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3689 (2739) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3724 (2774) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3612 (2717) (A1306) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3639 (2732) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3701 (2828) ('''1375''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3499 (2645) |} === 27 1969.07.03 (Liberation of Byelorussia from Fascism Occupation) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''27 25th Anniversary of the [[w:Operation Bagration|Liberation of Byelorussia]] from [[w:Fascism|Fascism]] [[w:Military occupation|Occupation]] (1944, July)''' (Liberation of Byelorussia from Fascism Occupation)<br /> '''27. 25-летие [[w:ru:Белорусская операция (1944)|освобождения Белоруссии]] от [[w:ru:Фашизм|фашистской]] [[w:ru:Оккупация|оккупации]] (июль 1944)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.48-27.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3767 stamp (Minsk Mound of Glory and Minsk Offensive Map).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Mound of Glory|Minsk Mound of Glory]] and [[w:Minsk Offensive|Minsk Offensive]] Map | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3767''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3690 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3725 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3613 ('''A1732''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3640 ('''dyg''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3702 ('''1376''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3502 |} === 28 1969.07.10 (Polish People's Republic) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''28 25th Anniversary of the [[w:Polish People's Republic|Polish People's Republic]] (1944, July)''' (Polish People's Republic)<br /> '''28. 25-летие [[w:ru:Польская Народная Республика|Польской Народной Республики]] (июль 1944)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.49-28.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3768 stamp (Polish Map, Flag and Arms).jpg|65x65px]]<br />32,5&nbsp;x&nbsp;32,5&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Polish Map, Flag and Arms | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3768''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3691 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3726 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3614 ('''A1733''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3642 ('''dyi''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3704 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3504 |} === 29 1969.07.10 (Bulgaria) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''29 25th Anniversary of the Socialist Revolution in [[w:Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] (1944, September)''' (Bulgaria)<br /> '''29. 25-летие социалистической революции в [[w:ru:Болгария|Болгарии]] (сентябрь 1944)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.50-29.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3769 stamp (Hands holding torch, flags of Bulgaria, USSR, Bulgarian arms).jpg|65x65px]]<br />32,5&nbsp;x&nbsp;32,5&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Hands holding torch, flags of Bulgaria, USSR, Bulgarian arms | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3769''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3692 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3727 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3615 (A1733) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3641 ('''dyh''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3703 ('''1377''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3503 |} === 30 1969.07.15 (Mykolaiv) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''30 25th Anniversary of the Liberation of [[w:Mykolaiv|Mykolaiv]] from the Germans''' (Mykolaiv)<br /> '''30. 25-летие освобождения [[w:ru:Николаев (Николаевская область)|Николаева]] от фашистской окупации''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.51-30.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3770 stamp (Liberation Monument to 68 Heroes).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Liberation Monument to 68 Heroes | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3770''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3693 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3728 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3616 ('''A1734''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3643 ('''dyk''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3707 ('''1379''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3507 |} === 31 1969.07.15 (Samarkand) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''31 2500th Anniversary of [[w:Samarkand|Samarkand]]''' (Samarkand)<br /> '''31. 2500-летие [[w:ru:Самарканд|Самарканда]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.52-31.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3771 stamp (Registan Square).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Registan|Registan]] Square | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3771''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3694 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3729 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3617 ('''A1735''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3644 ('''dyl''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3705 ('''1378''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3505 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.53-31.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3772 stamp (Intourist Hotel).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Intourist|Intourist]] Hotel | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3772''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3695 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3730 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3618 (A1735) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3645 ('''dym''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3706 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3508 |} === 32 1969.07.20 (Mihály Munkácsy) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''32 125th Birth Anniversary of [[w:Mihály Munkácsy|Mihály Munkácsy]] (1844-1900), Hungarian painter''' (Mihály Munkácsy)<br /> '''32. 125-летие со дня рождения венгерского художника [[w:ru:Мункачи, Михай|Михая Мункачи]] (1844-1900)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.54-32.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3773 stamp (Munkascy and Woman Churning Butter).jpg|56x80px]]<br />28&nbsp;x&nbsp;40&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Munkascy and “Woman Churning Butter” | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3773''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3696 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3731 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3621 (A1737) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3648 ('''dyp''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3710 ('''1381''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3510 |} === 33 1969.07.20 (Sport) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''33 International Sporting Events''' (Sport)<br /> '''33. Международные спортивные соревнования''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.55-33.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3774 stamp (Volleyball).jpg|56x80px]]<br />28&nbsp;x&nbsp;40&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Volleyball|Volleyball]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3774''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3697 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3732 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3619 ('''A1736''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3646 ('''dyn''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3708 ('''1380''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3508 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.56-33.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3775 stamp (Canoe Sprint).jpg|56x80px]]<br />28&nbsp;x&nbsp;40&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Canoe sprint|Canoe Sprint]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3775''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3698 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3733 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3620 (A1736) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3647 ('''dyo''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3709 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3509 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | [[w:c:File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3774H Liapine H82 stamp (Shooting Sport).jpg|#1969.55H-33.1H]] C | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ?k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Shooting sport|Shooting Sport]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | H82 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | [[w:c:File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3775H Liapine H82 stamp (Canoe Sprint and New Text).jpg|#1969.56H-33.2H]] C | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | ?k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Canoe sprint|Canoe Sprint]] and New Text | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | H83 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | --- |} === 34 1969.07.20 (First Cavalry Army) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''34 50th Anniversary of [[w:1st Cavalry Army (Soviet Union)|First Cavalry Army]] (19.11.1919)''' (First Cavalry Army)<br /> '''34. 50-летие [[w:ru:1-я Конная армия|Первой конной армии]] (19/XI 1919)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.57-34.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3776 stamp (Tachanka (Grekov)).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Tachanka|Tachanka]] (Grekov) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3776''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3699 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3734 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3623 ('''A1739''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3650 ('''dys''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3712 ('''1383''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3512 |} === 35 1969.07.20 (Donetsk) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''35 Centenary of [[w:Donetsk|Donetsk]] (the Donetsk coal basin)''' (Donetsk)<br /> '''35. 100-летие [[w:ru:Донецк|Донецка]] (Донецкий угольный бассейн)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.58-35.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3777 stamp (Miners' Statue, Donetsk).jpg|56x80px]]<br />28&nbsp;x&nbsp;40&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Miners' Statue, Donetsk | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3777''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3700 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3735 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3622 ('''A1738''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3649 ('''dyr''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3711 ('''1382''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3511 |} === 36 1969.08.03 (Ilya Repin) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''36 125th Birth Anniversary of [[w:Ilya Repin|Ilya Repin]], Painter (1844-1930)''' (Ilya Repin)<br /> '''36. 125-летие со дня рождения [[w:ru:Репин, Илья Ефимович|Ильи Ефимовича Репина]] (1844-1930)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.59-36.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3778 stamp (Barge Haulers on the Volga).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Barge Haulers on the Volga|Barge Haulers on the Volga]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3778''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3701 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3736 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3624 ('''A1740''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3651 ('''dyt''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3713 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3513 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.60-36.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3779 stamp (Unexpected).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Unexpected | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3779''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3702 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3737 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3625 (A1740) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3652 ('''dyu''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3714 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3514 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.61-36.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3780 stamp (Ilya Repin, Self-portrait).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Ilya Repin, Self-portrait | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3780''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3703 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3738 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3626 ('''A1741''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3653 ('''dyv''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3715 ('''1384''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3515 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.62-36.4 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3781 stamp (The Refusal of Confession).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 12k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | The Refusal of Confession | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3781''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3704 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3739 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3627 (A1740) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3654 ('''dyw''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3716 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3516 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.63-36.5 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3782 stamp (Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 16k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks|Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3782''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3705 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3740 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3628 (A1740) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3655 ('''dyx''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3717 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3517 |} === 37 1969.08.09 (Spartakiad) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''37 9th Summar [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[w:Trade union|Trade Union]] [[w:Spartakiad (Soviet Union)|Spartakiad]], [[w:Moscow|Moscow]]''' (Spartakiad)<br /> '''37. IX летняя [[w:ru:Спартакиада|спартакиада]] [[w:ru:Профессиональный союз|профсоюзов]] [[w:ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик|СССР]], [[w:ru:Москва|Москва]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.64-37.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3783 stamp (Running).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Running | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3783''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3706 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3741 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3629 ('''A1742''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3656 ('''dyy''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3718 ('''1385''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3518 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.65-37.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3784 stamp (Gymnastics).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Gymnastics | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3784''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3707 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3742 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3630 (A1742) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3657 ('''dyz''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3719 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3519 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | [[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3785 sheet of 1 (Running and Spartakiad Emblem).jpg|120x145px]]<br />70&nbsp;x&nbsp;95&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 20k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Running and Spartakiad Emblem | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3785''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Бл 60 (3708) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Блок 61 (3743) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3631 (A1742) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Block 57 (3658) ('''dza'''(dyy)) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | MS3720 (1385) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Bloc 56 (3518) |} === 38 1969.08.22 (Vladimir Komarov) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''38 Birth Centenary of [[w:Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov|Vladimir Komarov]], Russian Botanist and Geographer (1869-1945)''' (Vladimir Komarov)<br /> '''38. 100-летие со дня рождения ботаника и географа [[w:ru:Комаров, Владимир Леонтьевич|Владимира Леонтьевича Комарова]] (1869-1945)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.67-38.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3786 stamp (Vladimir Komarov).jpg|52x74px]]<br />26&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Vladimir Komarov | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3786''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3709 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3744 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3632 ('''A1743''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3659 ('''dzb''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3721 ('''1386''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3520 |} === 39 1969.09.01 (Hovhannes Tumanyan) === <ref name="Scott" /><ref name="Michel" /> {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''39 Birth Centenary of [[w:Hovhannes Tumanyan|Hovhannes Tumanyan]], Armenian Writer and Public Activist (1869-1923)''' (Hovhannes Tumanyan)<br /> '''39. 100-летие со дня рождения армянского поэта и публициста [[w:ru:Туманян, Ованес Тадевосович|Ованеса Туманяна]] (1869-1923)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.68-39.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3787 stamp (Hovhannes Tumanyan).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Hovhannes Tumanyan | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3787''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3710 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3745 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3633 ('''A1744''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3660 ('''dzc''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3722 ('''1387''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3521 |} === 40 1969.09.03 (Museum of Oriental Art) === [[b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969#40 CPA ##3788-3792 (5) State Museum of Oriental Art, Moscow (Founded 1918.10.30)|See also full design (См. также полное оформление)]] {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''40 State Museum of Oriental Art, Moscow (Founded in 1918)''' (Museum of Oriental Art)<br /> '''40. [[w:ru:Музей Востока|Государственный музей искусства народов Востока]] в Москве (основан в 1918)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.69-40.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3788 stamp (Turkmenian Drinking Horn).png|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Turkmenistan|Turkmenian]] [[w:Drinking horn|Drinking Horn]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3788''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3711 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3746 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3634 ('''A1745''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3661 ('''dzd''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3723 ('''1388''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3522 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.70-40.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3789 stamp (Persian Simurgh Vessel).png|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Iran|Persian]] [[w:Simurgh|Simurgh]] Vessel | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3789''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3712 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3747 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3635 (A1745) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3662 ('''dze''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3724 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3523 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.71-40.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3790 stamp (Head of Goddess Guanyin, Korea).png|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 12k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Head of Goddess [[w:Guanyin|Guanyin]], [[w:Korea|Korea]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3790''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3713 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3748 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3636 (A1745) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3663 ('''dzf''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3725 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3524 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.72-40.4 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3791 stamp (Bodhisattva Statuette, Tibet).png|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 16k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Bodhisattva|Bodhisattva]] Statuette, [[w:Tibet|Tibet]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3791''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3714 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3749 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3637 (A1745) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3664 ('''dzg''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3726 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3525 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.73-40.5 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3792 stamp (Ebisu Statuette, Japan).png|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 20k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Ebisu (mythology)|Ebisu]] Statuette, [[w:Japan|Japan]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3792''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3715 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3750 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3638 (A1745) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3665 ('''dzh''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3727 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3526 |} === 41 1969.09.10 (Mahatma Gandhi) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''41 Birth Centenary of [[w:Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) Gandhi]], Preeminent Leader of Indian Independence Movement (1869-1948)''' (Mahatma Gandhi)<br /> '''41. 100-летие со дня рождения одного из руководителей и идеологов движения за независимость Индии [[w:ru:Махатма Ганди|Мохандаса Карамчанда (Махатмы) Ганди]] (1869-1948)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.74-41.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3793 stamp (Mahatma Gandhi).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Mahatma Gandhi | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3793''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3716 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3751 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3639 ('''A1746''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3666 ('''dzi''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3728 ('''1389''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3527 |} === 42 1969.09.10 (Białowieża Forest) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''42 [[w:Man and the Biosphere Programme|Biosphere Reserve]] [[w:Białowieża Forest|Białowieża Forest]]''' (Białowieża Forest)<br /> '''42. [[w:ru:Всемирная сеть биосферных резерватов|Биосферный заповедник]] [[w:ru:Беловежская пуща|Беловежская пуща]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.75-42.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3794 stamp (Black Stork).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Black stork|Black Stork]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3794''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3717 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3752 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3640 ('''A1747''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3667 ('''dzk''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3729 ('''1390''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3528 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.76-42.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3795 stamp (Red Deer).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Red deer|Red Deer]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3795''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3718 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3753 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3641 (A1747) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3668 ('''dzl''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3730 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3529 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.77-42.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3796 stamp (European Bisons).jpg|130x56px]]<br />80&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:European bison|European Bisons]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3796''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3719 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3754 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3642 (A1747) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3669 ('''dzm''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3731 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3530 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.78-42.4 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3797 stamp (Lynx).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 12k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Lynx|Lynx]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3797''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3720 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3755 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3643 (A1747) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3670 ('''dzn''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3732 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3531 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.79-42.5 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3798 stamp (Wild Boar).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 16k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Wild boar|Wild Boar]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3798''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3721 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3756 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3644 (A1747) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3671 ('''dzo''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3733 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3532 |} === 43 1969.09.10 (Komitas) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''43 Birth Centenary of [[w:Komitas|Komitas]], Armenian Composer (Soghomon Soghomonian, 1869-1935)''' (Komitas)<br /> '''43. 100-летие со дня рождения армянского композитора [[w:ru:Комитас|Комитаса]] (Согомон Геворки Согомонян, 1869-1935)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.80-43.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3799 stamp (Komitas and Rural Scene).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Komitas and Rural Scene | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3799''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3722 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3757 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3645 ('''A1748''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3672 ('''dzp''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3734 ('''1391''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3533 |} === 44 1969.09.20 (Sergey Gritsevets) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''44 60th Birth Anniversary of [[w:Fighter pilot|Fighter Pilot]] Major [[w:Sergey Gritsevets|Sergey Gritsevets]], Twice Recipient of the Honorary Title of [[w:Hero of the Soviet Union|Hero of the Soviet Union]] (1909-1939)''' (Sergey Gritsevets)<br /> '''44. 60-летие со дня рождения дважды [[w:ru:Герой Советского Союза|Героя Советского Союза]] майора [[w:ru:Военный лётчик|летчика]]-истребителя [[w:ru:Грицевец, Сергей Иванович|Сергея Ивановича Грицевца]] (1909-1939)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.81-44.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3800 stamp (Sergey Gritsevets and Fighter Planes).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Sergey Gritsevets and Fighter Planes | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3800''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3723 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3758 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3647 (A1749) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3673 ('''dzr''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3735 ('''1392''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3535 |} === 45 1969.09.20 (Partisans of World War II) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''45 [[w:Partisan (military)|Partisans]] of [[w:Great Patriotic War (term)|Great Patriotic War]] 1941–1945, [[w:Hero of the Soviet Union|Heroes of the Soviet Union]]''' (Partisans of World War II) Continuation of the series<br /> '''45. [[w:ru:Партизан|Партизаны]] [[w:ru:Великая Отечественная война|Великой Отечественной войны]] 1941-1945&nbsp;гг.— [[w:ru:Герой Советского Союза|Герои Советского Союза]].''' Продолжение серии |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.82-45.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3801 stamp (Komsomolets and Partisan Girl Lisa Chaikina).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Komsomolets|Komsomolets]] and Partisan Girl Lisa Chaikina | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3801''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3724 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3759 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3646 ('''A1749''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3674 ('''dzs''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3737 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3536 |} === 46 1969.09.20 (Heroes of World War II) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''46 [[w:Hero of the Soviet Union|Heroes]] of [[w:Great Patriotic War (term)|World War II]]''' (Heroes of World War II) Continuation of the series<ref name="Soloviov" /> (CPA [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1960#6 1960.02.23-1960.05.04 (Heroes of World War II)|2401-2402]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1961#10 1961.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2547]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1961#33 1961.06.22 (Heroes of World War II)|2591]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1962#7 1962.02.22 (Heroes of World War II)|2663-2664]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1963#8 1963.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2826-2827]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1963#9 1963.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|2828]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1964#9 1964.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|3002-3003]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1964#10 1964.02.23-1964.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3004-3005]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1965#1 1965.01.29 (Heroes of World War II)|3148-3149]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1966#8 1966.02.23-1966.07.30 (Heroes of World War II)|3324-3326]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#2 1967.02.16 (Heroes of World War II)|3462-3463]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#15 1967.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3490]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967#24 1967.07.20 (Heroes of World War II)|3509]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1968#2 1968.01.20 (Heroes of World War II)|3595-3597]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969#6 1969.02.23 (Heroes of World War II)|3727-3728]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969#12 1969.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3746]], '''3802''', [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1970#4 1970.02.10 (Heroes of World War II)|3855-3856]], [[w:b:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1971#6 1971.02.16-1971.05.09 (Heroes of World War II)|3976-3977]]) (33 stamps)<br /> '''46. [[w:ru:Герой Советского Союза|Герои]] [[w:ru:Великая Отечественная война|Великой Отечественной войны]].''' Продолжение серии |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.83-46.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3802 stamp (World War II Heroes Members of Kaunas Underground Committee of Komsomol Alfonsas Ceponis, Juozas Aleksonis and Hubertas Borisa).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | World War II Heroes Members of [[w:Kaunas|Kaunas]] Underground Committee of [[w:Komsomol|Komsomol]] Alfonsas Ceponis, Juozas Aleksonis and Hubertas Borisa | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3802''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3725 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3760 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3648 ('''A1750''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3675 ('''dzt''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3736 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3534 |} === 47 1969.09.26 (Ivan Pavlov) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''47 120th Birth Anniversary of Russian [[w:Physiology|Physiologist]] [[w:Academician|Academician]] [[w:Ivan Pavlov|Ivan Pavlov]] (1849-1936)''' (Ivan Pavlov)<br /> '''47. 120-летие со дня рождения [[w:ru:Физиология|физиолога]] [[w:ru:Академик|академика]] [[w:ru:Павлов, Иван Петрович|Ивана Петровича Павлова]] (1849-1936)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.84-47.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3803 stamp (Ivan Pavlov).jpg|56x80px]]<br />28&nbsp;x&nbsp;40&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Ivan Pavlov | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3803''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3726 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3761 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3649 ('''A1751''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3676 ('''dzu''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3738 ('''1393''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3537 |} === 48 1969.10.03 (East Germany) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''48 20th Anniversary of [[w:East Germany|East Germany]] (07.10.1949)''' (East Germany)<br /> '''48. 20-летие [[w:ru:Германская Демократическая Республика|Германской Демократической Республики]] (7/X 1949)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.85-48.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3804 stamp (East German Flag and Arms, TV Tower and Brandenburg Gate).jpg|65x65px]]<br />32.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;32.5&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | East German Flag and Arms, TV Tower and Brandenburg Gate | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3804''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3727 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3762 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3650 ('''A1752''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3677 ('''dzv''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3739 ('''1394''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3538 |} === 49 1969.10.14 (Liberation of Ukraine from Fascism Occupation) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''49 25th Anniversary of the [[w:Battle of the Dukla Pass|Liberation of Ukraine]] from [[w:Fascism|Fascism]] [[w:Military occupation|Occupation]] (1944, October)''' (Liberation of Ukraine from Fascism Occupation)<br /> '''49. 25-летие [[w:ru:Восточно-Карпатская операция|освобождения Украины]] от [[w:ru:Фашизм|фашистской]] [[w:ru:Оккупация|оккупации]] (октябрь 1944)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.86-49.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3805 stamp (Arms of Ukraine and Memorial).jpg|65x65px]]<br />32.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;32.5&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Arms of Ukraine and Memorial | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3805''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3728 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3763 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3653 ('''A1754''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3678 ('''dzw''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3741 ('''1396''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3540 |} === 50 1969.10.14 (Aleksey Koltsov) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''50 160th Birth Anniversary of Russian Poet [[w:Aleksey Koltsov|Aleksey Koltsov]] (1809-1842)''' (Aleksey Koltsov)<br /> '''50. 160-летие со дня рождения поэта [[w:ru:Кольцов, Алексей Васильевич|Алексея Васильевича Кольцова]] (1809-1842)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.87-50.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3806 stamp (Aleksey Koltsov).jpg|60x84px]]<br />30&nbsp;x&nbsp;42&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Aleksey Koltsov | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3806''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3729 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3764 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3652 ('''A1753''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3679 ('''dzx''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3740 ('''1395''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3539 |} === 51 1969.10.21-11.06 (October Revolution) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''51 52nd Anniversary of [[w:October Revolution|Great October Socialist Revolution]]''' (October Revolution)<br /> '''51. 52-я годовщина [[w:ru:Октябрьская революция|Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.88-51.1 C<br />1969.10.21<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3807 stamp (Kremlin, and Red banner, Stars, Hammer and Sickle).jpg|74x74px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]], and Red banner, Stars, Hammer and Sickle | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3807''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3730 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3765 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3654 ('''A1755''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3680 ('''dzy''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3742 ('''1397''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3541 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.89-51.2 C<br />1969.11.06<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3808 sheet of 1 (Vladimir Lenin and Quotation).jpg|150x112px]]<br />100&nbsp;x&nbsp;62&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 50k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Vladimir Lenin|Vladimir Lenin]] and Quotation | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3808''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Бл 61 (3731) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Блок 62 (3766) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3660 ('''A1759''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Block 58 (3687) ('''eag'''('''eaf''')) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | MS3743 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Bloc 57 |} === 52 1969.10.22 (Triple Space Flights) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''52 Triple Space Flights the Space Ships [[w:Soyuz 6|Soyuz 6]] (11-16.10), [[w:Soyuz 7|Soyuz 7]] (12-17.10) and [[w:Soyuz 8|Soyuz 8]] (13-18.10)''' (Triple Space Flights)<br /> '''52. Групповой полет на космических кораблях [[w:ru:Союз-6|"Союз-6"]] (11-16/X), [[w:ru:Союз-7|"Союз-7"]] (12-17/X) и [[w:ru:Союз-8|"Союз-8"]] (13-18/X)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.90-52.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3809 stamp (Georgi Shonin and Valeri Kubasov (Soyuz 6)).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Georgi Shonin|Georgi Shonin]] and [[w:Valeri Kubasov|Valeri Kubasov]] (Soyuz 6) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3809''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3732 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3767 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3655 ('''A1756''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3682 ('''eaa''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3744 ('''1398''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3542 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.91-52.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3810 stamp (Anatoly Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Gorbatko (Soyuz 7)).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Anatoly Filipchenko|Anatoly Filipchenko]], [[w:Vladislav Volkov|Vladislav Volkov]] and [[w:Viktor Gorbatko|Viktor Gorbatko]] (Soyuz 7) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3810''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3733 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3768 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3656 (A1756) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3683 ('''eab''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3745 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3543 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.92-52.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3811 stamp (Vladimir Shatalov and Aleksei Yeliseyev (Soyuz 8)).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Vladimir Shatalov|Vladimir Shatalov]] and [[w:Aleksei Yeliseyev|Aleksei Yeliseyev]] (Soyuz 8) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3811''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3734 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3769 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3657 (A1756) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3684 ('''eac''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3746 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3544 |} === 53 1969.10.25 (Philatelic Exhibition) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''53 1st [[w:Soviet Union|All Union]] Youth [[w:Philatelic exhibition|Philatelic Exhibition]] to Commemorate [[w:Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]]'s Birth Centenary, [[w:Kiev|Kiev]]''' (Philatelic Exhibition)<br /> '''53. 1-я [[w:ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик|Всесоюзная]] юношеская [[w:ru:Филателистическая выставка|филателистическая выставка]] в [[w:ru:Киев|Киеве]], посвященная 100-летию со дня рождения [[w:ru:Ленин, Владимир Ильич|Ленина]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.93-53.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3812 stamp (Lenin when a Youth and Emblems).jpg|92x92px]]<br />46&nbsp;x&nbsp;46&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin when a Youth and Emblems | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3812''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3735 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3770 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3658 ('''A1757''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3685 ('''ead''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3747 ('''1399''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3545 |} === 54 1969.10.29 (Signal Corps) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''54 50th Anniversary of [[w:Signal corps|Signal Corps]] of [[w:Russian Armed Forces|Russian Armed Forces]]''' (Signal Corps)<br /> '''54. 50-летие российских [[w:ru:Войска связи|войск связи]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.94-54.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3813 stamp (Corps Emblem on Red Star).jpg|56x80px]]<br />28&nbsp;x&nbsp;40&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Corps Emblem on Red Star | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3813''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3736 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3771 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3659 ('''A1758''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3686 ('''eae''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3748 ('''1400''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3546 |} === 55 1969.11.18 (Congress of Kolkhoz Men) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''55 3rd All Union Congress of [[w:Kolkhoz|Kolkhoz]] Men, [[w:Moscow|Moscow]] (25-27.11.1969)''' (Congress of Kolkhoz Men)<br /> '''55. III Всесоюзный съезд [[w:ru:Колхоз|колхозников]] в [[w:ru:Москва|Москве]] (25-27/XI 1969)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.95-55.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3814 stamp (Cover of Rules of the Kolkhoz and Worker and Kolkhoz Woman).jpg|84x60px]]<br />42&nbsp;x&nbsp;30&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Cover of ''Rules of the Kolkhoz'' and [[w:Worker and Kolkhoz Woman|''Worker and Kolkhoz Woman'']] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3814''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3737 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3772 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3661 ('''A1760''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3688 ('''eah''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3749 ('''1401''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3547 |} === 56 1969.11.20 (Fairy Tales) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''56 Russian [[w:Fairy tale|Fairy Tales]]''' (Fairy Tales)<br /> '''56. Русские народные [[w:ru:Сказка|сказки]] и сказочные мотивы в литературных произведениях''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.96-56.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3815 stamp (Vasilisa the Beautiful (Folk Tale)).jpg|79x104px]]<br />39.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;54&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Vasilisa the Beautiful|Vasilisa the Beautiful]] (Folk Tale) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3815''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3738 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3773 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3662 ('''A1761''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3689 ('''eai''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3750 ('''1402''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3548 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.97-56.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3816 stamp (Marya Morevna (Folk Tale)).jpg|79x104px]]<br />39.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;54&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:The Death of Koschei the Deathless|Marya Morevna]] (Folk Tale) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3816''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3739 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3774 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3663 (A1761) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3690 ('''eak''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3751 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3549 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.98-56.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3817 stamp (The Tale of the Golden Cockerel (Pushkin)).jpg|104x78px]]<br />54&nbsp;x&nbsp;39&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 16k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:The Tale of the Golden Cockerel|The Tale of the Golden Cockerel]] ([[w:Alexander Pushkin|Pushkin]]) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3817''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3740 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3775 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3664 (A1761) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3691 ('''eal''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3752 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3550 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.99-56.4 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3818 stamp (The Feather of Finist the Falcon (Folk Tale)).jpg|79x104px]]<br />39.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;54&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 20k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:The Feather of Finist the Falcon|The Feather of Finist the Falcon]] (Folk Tale) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3818''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3741 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3776 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3665 (A1761) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3692 ('''eam''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3753 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3551 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.100-56.5 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3819 stamp (The Tale of Tsar Saltan (Pushkin)).jpg|79x104px]]<br />39.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;54&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 50k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:The Tale of Tsar Saltan|The Tale of Tsar Saltan]] ([[w:Alexander Pushkin|Pushkin]]) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3819''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3742 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3777 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3666 (A1761) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3693 ('''ean''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3754 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3552 |} === 57 1969.11.25-12.26 (Space) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''57 [[w:Outer space|Space]] Exploration''' (Space)<br /> '''57. Освоение [[w:ru:Космическое пространство|космоса]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.101-57.1 C<br />1969.11.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3820 stamp (USSR Emblems Dropped on Venus, Radiotelescope and Orbits).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Soviet Union|USSR]] [[w:Emblem|Emblems]] Dropped on [[w:Venus|Venus]], [[w:Radio telescope|Radio Telescope]] and [[w:Orbit|Orbits]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3820''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3743 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3778 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3667 ('''A1762''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3694 ('''eao''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3755 ('''1403''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3553 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.102-57.2 C<br />1969.11.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3821 stamp (Space Probe, Space Capsule and Orbits).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Space probe|Space Probe]], [[w:Space capsule|Space Capsule]] and [[w:Orbit|Orbits]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3821''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3744 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3779 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3668 (A1762) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3695 ('''eap''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3756 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3554 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.103-57.3 C<br />1969.12.26<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3822 stamp (Colour Photograph of Earth).jpg|74x102px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;52&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Colour Photograph of [[w:Earth|Earth]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3822''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3745 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3780 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3682 ('''A1768''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3709 ('''ebf''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3757 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3567 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.104-57.4 C<br />1969.12.26<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3823 sheet of 2 (1 As CPA 3822. 2 Far Side of the Moon).jpg|165x125px]]<br />115&nbsp;x&nbsp;75&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 50k&nbsp;+&nbsp;50k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 1 As CPA 3822. 2 [[w:Far side of the Moon|Far Side of the Moon]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3823''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Бл 62 (3746, 3747) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Блок 63 (3781-3782) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3683 (3683a, 3683b) (A1768, A1768) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Block 60 (3710, 3711) ('''ebi''' ('''ebg''', '''ebh''')) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | MS3758 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Bloc 59 |} === 58 1969.11.30 (USSR-Afghanistan) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''58 50th Anniversary of [[w:Soviet Union|USSR]]-[[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] [[w:Diplomacy|Diplomatic Relations]]''' (USSR-Afghanistan)<br /> '''58. 50-летие установления дипломатических отношений между Советским Союзом и Афганистаном''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.105-58.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3824 stamp (Flags of USSR and Afghanistan).jpg|80x56px]]<br />40&nbsp;x&nbsp;28&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Flags of USSR and Afghanistan | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3824''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3748 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3783 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3669 ('''A1763''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3696 ('''ear''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3759 ('''1404''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3555 |} === 59 1969.11.30 (Definitive Coil Stamp) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''59 The [[w:Definitive stamp|Definitive]] [[w:Coil stamp|Coil Stamp]] for [[w:Stamp vending machine|Stamp Vending Machine]]''' (Definitive Coil Stamp)<br /> '''59. [[w:ru:Стандартная марка|Стандартная]] [[w:ru:Рулонная марка|рулонная марка]] для [[w:ru:Почтовый автомат|почтовых автоматов]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.106-59.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3825 stamp (Kremlin Red Star and USSR Arms).jpg|43x52px]]<br />21.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;26&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]] Red Star and [[w:Soviet Union|USSR]] Arms | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3825''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3749 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3784 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3670 ('''A1764''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3697 ('''eas''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3760 ('''1405''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3556 |} === 60 1969.12.12 (Aircraft) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''60 Glory to the [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet]] Aircraft Builders! 30 Years of [[w:Mikoyan|MiG]] Aircraft<ref name="Michel" /><ref name="Gibbons" />''' (Aircraft)<br /> '''60. Слава [[w:ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик|советским]] авиастроителям! 30 лет самолетам [[w:ru:МиГ (компания)|МиГ]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.107-60.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3826 stamp (MiG Jet and First MiG Fighter Aaircraft. MiG Emblem).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | MiG Jet and First MiG [[w:Fighter aircraft|Fighter Aircraft]]. MiG Emblem | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3826''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3750 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3785 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3671 ('''A1765''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3698 ('''eat''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3761 ('''1406''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3557 |} === 61 1969.12.25-31 (Aviation) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''61 Development of [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[w:Civil aviation|Civil Aviation]]''' (Aviation)<br /> '''61. Развитие [[w:ru:Гражданская авиация|гражданской авиации]] в [[w:ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик|СССР]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.108-61.1 C<br />1969.12.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3827 stamp (Airplane Tupolev ANT-2, 1924. Icarus).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 2k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Airplane|Airplane]] [[w:Tupolev ANT-2|Tupolev ANT-2]], 1924. [[w:Icarus|Icarus]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3827''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3752 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3787 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3673 ('''A1767''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3700 ('''eav''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3763 ('''1408''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3559 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.109-61.2 C<br />1969.12.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3828 stamp (Airplane Polikarpov Po-2 (U-2), 1927. Centaur).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Airplane|Airplane]] [[w:Polikarpov Po-2|Polikarpov Po-2 (U-2)]], 1927. [[w:Centaur|Centaur]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3828''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3753 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3788 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3674 (A1767) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3701 ('''eaw''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3764 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3560 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.110-61.3 C<br />1969.12.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3829 stamp (Airplane Tupolev ANT-9, 1929. Mercury).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Airplane|Airplane]] [[w:Tupolev ANT-9|Tupolev ANT-9]], 1929. [[w:Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3829''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3754 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3789 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3675 (A1767) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3702 ('''eax''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3765 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3561 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.111-61.4 C<br />1969.12.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3830 stamp (Helicopter TsAGI 1-EA, 1930. Aurora).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Helicopter|Helicopter]] [[w:Helicopter|TsAGI 1-EA]], 1930. [[w:Aurora (mythology)|Aurora]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3830''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3755 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3790 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3676 (A1767) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3703 ('''eay''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3766 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3562 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.112-61.5 C<br />1969.12.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3831 stamp (Airplane Tupolev ANT-20 Maksim Gorky, 1934. Atlas).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Airplane|Airplane]] [[w:Tupolev ANT-20|Tupolev ANT-20]] [[w:Maxim Gorky|''Maxim Gorky'']], 1934. [[w:Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3831''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3756 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3791 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3677 (A1767) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3704 ('''eaz''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3767 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3563 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.113-61.6 C<br />1969.12.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3832 stamp (Airplane Tupolev Tu-104, 1955. Pegasus).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 12k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Airplane|Airplane]] [[w:Tupolev Tu-104|Tupolev Tu-104]], 1955. [[w:Pegasus|Pegasus]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3832''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3757 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3792 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3678 (A1767) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3705 ('''eba''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3768 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3564 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.114-61.7 C<br />1969.12.31<ref name="Michel" /><br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3833 stamp (Helicopter Mil Mi-10, 1965. Visualization of Constellation Leo).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 16k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Helicopter|Helicopter]] [[w:Mil Mi-10|Mil Mi-10]], 1965. Visualization of [[w:Leo (constellation)|Constellation Leo]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3833''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3758 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3793 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3679 (A1767) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3706 ('''ebb''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3769 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3565 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.115-61.8 C<br />1969.12.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3834 stamp (Turbojet Transcontinental Airliner Ilyushin Il-62, 1962. Visualization of Constellation Sagittarius).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 20k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Turbojet|Turbojet]] Transcontinental [[w:Airliner|Airliner]] [[w:Ilyushin Il-62|Ilyushin Il-62]], 1962. Visualization of [[w:Sagittarius (constellation)|Constellation Sagittarius]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3834''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3759 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3794 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3680 (A1767) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3707 ('''ebc''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3770 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3566 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.116-61.9 C<br />1969.12.25<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3835 sheet of 1 (Supersonic Transport Aircraft Tupolev Tu-144, 31.12.1968. Signs of the Zodiac).jpg|141x116px]]<br />91&nbsp;x&nbsp;66&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 50k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Supersonic transport|Supersonic Transport]] [[w:Aircraft|Aircraft]] [[w:Tupolev Tu-144|Tupolev Tu-144]], 1968. [[w:Zodiac|Signs of the Zodiac]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3835''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Бл 63 (3760) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Блок 64 (3795) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3681 (A1767) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Block 59 (3708) ('''ebe'''('''ebd''')) | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | MS3771 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Bloc 58 |} === 62 1969.12.25 (New Year) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''62 Happy [[w:New Year|New Year]] 1970, Birth Centenary of [[w:Vladimir Lenin|Vladimir Lenin]]''' (New Year)<br /> '''62. С [[w:ru:Новый год|Новым годом]] 1970 - годом столетия со дня рождения [[w:ru:Ленин, Владимир Ильич|Владимира Ильича Ленина]]!''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.117-62.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3836 stamp (Lenin on Red Flag).jpg|74x74px]]<br />37&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Lenin on Red Flag | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3836''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3751 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3786 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3672 ('''A1766''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3699 ('''eau''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3762 ('''1407''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3558 |} === 63 1969.12.26 (Sport) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''63 Technical [[w:Sport|Sports]]''' (Sport)<br /> '''63. Технические виды [[w:ru:Спорт|спорта]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.118-63.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3837 stamp (Model Aircraft).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Model aircraft|Model Aircraft]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3837''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3761 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3796 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3684 ('''A1769''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3712 ('''ebk''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3772 ('''1409''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3568 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.119-63.2 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3838 stamp (Speed Boat Racing).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 4k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Boat racing|Speed Boat Racing]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3838''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3762 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3797 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3685 ('''A1769''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3713 ('''ebl''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3773 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3569 |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.120-63.3 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3839 stamp (Parachuting).jpg|102x74px]]<br />52&nbsp;x&nbsp;37&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Parachuting|Parachuting]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3839''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3763 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3798 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3686 ('''A1769''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3714 ('''ebm''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3774 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3570 |} === 64 1969.12.31 (Liberation of Byelorussia from Fascism Occupation) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''64 25th Anniversary of the [[w:King Michael's Coup|Liberation of Romania]] from [[w:Fascism|Fascism]] [[w:Military occupation|Occupation]] (1944, July)''' (Liberation of Byelorussia from Fascism Occupation)<br /> '''64. 25-летие [[w:ru:Переворот в Румынии (1944)|освобождения Румынии]] от [[w:ru:Фашизм|фашистской]] [[w:ru:Оккупация|оккупации]] (август 1944)''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.121-64.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3840 stamp (Romanian Arms and Soviet War Memorial in Bucharest).jpg|65x65px]]<br />32.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;32.5&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 6k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | [[w:Romanians|Romanian]] [[w:Coat of arms|Arms]] and Soviet War Memorial in [[w:Bucharest|Bucharest]] | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3840''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3764 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3799 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3687 ('''A1770''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3615 ('''ebn''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3775 ('''1410''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3571 |} === 65 1969.12.31 (Ostankino Tower) === {| width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- bgcolor="#F0FFFF" | align="left" colspan="10"|'''65 [[w:Ostankino Tower|Ostankino Television and Radio Tower]], [[w:Moscow|Moscow]]''' (Ostankino Tower)<br /> '''65. [[w:ru:Останкинская телебашня|Останкинская радиотелевизионная башня]], [[w:ru:Москва|Москва]]''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFE0" align="center" | # | Vol. | Short description | '''[[w:ru:Союзпечать|CPA]]''' | [[w:ru:Стандарт-Коллекция (каталог марок)|SC]] | Liapine | [[w:Scott catalogue|Scott]] | [[w:Michel catalog|Michel]] | [[w:Stanley Gibbons catalogue|SG]] | [[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert]] |- bgcolor="#E0FFE0" align="center" | #1969.122-65.1 C<br />[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3841 stamp (Ostankino Tower).jpg|65x115px]]<br />32.5&nbsp;x&nbsp;65&nbsp;mm | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 10k | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | Ostankino Tower | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | '''3841''' | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3765 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3800 | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3688 ('''A1771''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3616 ('''ebo''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3776 ('''1411''') | bgcolor="#FFFFE0" | 3572 |} <br /> == Sources / Источники == {{Reflist | refs= <ref name="Gibbons">[[w:Stanley Gibbons|Stanley Gibbons]]. Simplified Catalogue. Stamps of the World. 2006. Volume 4. Countries N-R. 71st Edition. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., 2005. / [[w:ru:Stanley Gibbons Limited|Стэнли Гиббонс]]. Упрощенный каталог. Марки мира. 2006. Том 4. Страны Н-Р. 71-я редакция. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., 2005.</ref> <ref name="Liapine">Liapine, Viktor. Catalog of stamps of Russia (1856-1991). 2008. / Ляпин Виктор. Каталог почтовых марок России (1856-1991). М.: Издатель И. В. Балабанов, 2008.</ref> <ref name="Michel">[[w:Michel catalog|Michel]]. Europa-Katalog. Band 7. 2009/2010. Osteuropa. Schwaneberger Verlag GMBH, 2009. / [[w:ru:Михель (каталог марок)|Каталог Михель]] за 2009/2010 год. 7-я книга из 7 книг Европы. Представлена восточная Европа.</ref> <ref name="Natural">Natural research. / Натуральное изучение.</ref> <ref name="Scott">[[w:Scott catalogue|Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue]]. 2009. Volume 5 P-SL. Amos Press Inc., 2009. / [[w:ru:Скотт (каталог марок)|Каталог Скотт]] за 2009 год. Том 5 P-SL.</ref> <ref name="Soloviov">V. U. Soloviov. Stamps of Russia and USSR / Почтовые марки России и СССР. Специализированный каталог. Том 5. СССР 1961-1991. Под ред. В. Ю. Соловьева. 2009/10. М.: ИздАТ, 2009.</ref> <ref name="Spivak">Stamps of USSR. 1918-1980. 2 volums. Editor M. I. Spivak. / Каталог почтовых марок СССР. 1918-1980. В 2 томах. Ред. М. И. Спивак. М.: ЦФА "Союзпечать" Минсвязи СССР, 1983.</ref> <ref name="Yvert">[[w:Yvert et Tellier|Yvert et Tellier]]. 1980. Tome 2. Timbres d'Europe. / [[w:ru:Ивер и Телье|Каталог "Ивер и Телье"]]. 1980. Том 2. Почтовые марки Европы.</ref> <ref name="Zagor">{{Cite web | last = Zagorsky | first = Valeriy | title = Standard Collection | url = http://standard-collection.ru/ru/catalogs/elektronnye-versii.html | publisher = / [[w:ru:Загорский, Валерий Борисович|Валерий Загорский]]. Стандарт-коллекция | accessdate = 2015-01-05}}</ref> }} {{BookCat|filing = deep}} {{center/top}} [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|75px]] {{big|multiple=3|'''Почта СССР'''}} [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|75px]] {| class="toccolours" {{ts|mc}} | [[w:Soviet Union stamp catalogue|CPA catalogue]]<br> [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1959|←]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1960|1960]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1961|1961]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1962|1962]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1963|1963]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1964|1964]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1965|1965]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1966|1966]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1967|1967]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1968|1968]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1969|'''<big>1969</big>''']] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1970|1970]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1971|1971]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1972|1972]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1973|1973]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1974|1974]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1975|1975]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1976|1976]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1977|1977]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1978|1978]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1979|1979]] [[:World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1980|→]] |} {{center/end}} jd2jrv14ttng8dszih3lo1619h5j3y6 0 307897 4673453 3442074 2026-10-01T14:40:36Z Wedneedssayd 3627335 Redirected page to [[Cookbook:Cranberry Walnut Fudge]] 4673453 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cookbook:Cranberry Walnut Fudge]] keaqq63c0dwo6jxewzvqebg1wfwldpb 4673454 4673453 2026-10-01T14:40:51Z Pristome 3519119 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/Wedneedssayd|Wedneedssayd]] ([[User talk:Wedneedssayd|talk]]) to last version by Pi zero 4673454 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Kampala, the capital and largest city in Uganda host many markets== [[image:Katale ke Kawempe.jpg|thumb|left|A typical local market]] There are many open markets in Uganda which mainly deal in fresh produce, dry foods, clothes, kitchen items, electronic items and shoes. Markets tend attract large crowds and open early in the morning till late. The Markets in Kampala are overseen by the Kampala City Council Authority and Market Vendors Associations. ==Nakasero Market== '''Nakasero Market''' is a market in Kampala, Uganda, located at the foot of Nakasero hill. It sells fresh food, textiles, shoes and cheap electronics.<ref>[http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/nakasero-hill.html Uganda Travel Guide]</ref> it serves most restaurants and upscale hotels in the city centre. Nakasero market is located 50 meters off the Entebbe Road.It is one of the biggest markets in Kampala city central business District [[image:Kampala soko scene.jpg|thumb|right|Nakasero market]] Nakasero Market started in 1895 where it was first established in the Lubiri (Palace). Later, in 1905 Nakasero Market was moved to Kagugube which was initially a temporary structure.<ref>{{cite web|title=living in Kampala|url=http://www.livinginkampala.com/area-guides/living-in-nakasero/}}</ref> Nakasero market is divided up into two areas; The open area which is partially covered and the closed area which is in an old building. In the open area, fresh produce is mainly sold and in the closed area one would find hardware, clothes and tourist items on sale.<ref>http://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/nakasero-market/</ref> Nakasero market is managed by Nakasero Market Vendors and Traders Association. The products sold at the market include: fresh fruits, vegetables, beans, meat, poultry, textile, electronics, matooke, eggs, coffee and spices. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakasero_Market ==Nakawa Market== Nakawa Market is located 4km from kampala town along Jinja road. It can also be accessed from naguru road. Nakawa market is one of the largest markets in Kampala. <ref>{{cite web|title=location|url=http://wikimapia.org/3187804/Nakawa-Market}}</ref> The market started off with temporary infrastructure and eventually permanent structures were developed due to the increased number of Traders.This lead to the increase in Clients, making it a popular market in Nakawa Division.<ref>{{cite web|title=fortune of africa|url=http://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/nakawa-market/}}</ref> The market is managed by Kampala Capital City Authority due to conflict in management.<ref>{{cite web|title=ULII|url=http://www.ulii.org/ug/judgment/commercial-court/2013/39-0}}</ref> The produce includes: fruits like mangoes, oranges, pineapples; vegetables, beef, chicken, plantains, yellow bananas, clothes, spices, electronics, building materials, and household items. ==St. Balikudenbe Market== St Balikuddembe Market is located near Nakivubo Stadium between Kafumbe Mukasa road and Nakivubo place road. It was started in 1971 with vendors who were reallocated from Nakasero Market. The commodies sold in the market include foodstuffs, electronics and clothing. [[image:Shelling1 lo (4106276700).jpg|thumb|left|Women selling produce at the bean market in Kampala]] ==Nakulabye market== Nakulabye market is found in Nakulabye, at the junction of Makerere Hill road and Hoima road, near the Nakulabye round about. The market is owned and managed by Buganda kingdom. Traders used to trade from stalls built with eucalyptus poles and roofed with iron sheets. Some would trade on the ground, near tje roadside. New structures have been put up. The market is a place of trade for mainly foodstuffs. The foods sold include: tomatoes, onions, yellow bananas, potatoes, plantains, vegetables, fruits, cassava, chicken, beef and fish (fresh or smoked). [[image:Akatale ka Kabaka ake Nankulabye.jpg|thumb|right|Nankulabye market]] [[image:Local Open market.jpg|thumb|right|Fruits at the open market in Nankulabye]] There are over 6000 traders who work from Nakulabye market. ==Kalerwe Market== Kalerwe market is located on Gayaza road, near the Northern bypass, after Bwaise kubiri round about. The market is owned and managed by Kampala Capital City Authority. Fresh foods are mostly traded at the market. Traders who run small stalls in Bwaise, Wandegeya and neighbouring places, come to the market especially early in the morning to buy on a whole sale basis, to go and sell on their stalls. The foods sold at the maker include: bananas, matooke, fresh fruits, fish, meat, chicken, potatoes and cassava. [[image:Emichungwa.JPG|thumb|left|Oranges at a market stall usually used to make fruit juice]] [[File:Ensujju ne Tikitimaji.jpg|thumb|right|Pumpkins and watermelons in a market]] [[File:Fruits in Uganda.JPG|thumb|left|Fruits markets in Uganda]] [[File:Goat meat.jpg |thumb|left|Goat meat for sale at the butchery in the market.]] [[File:Offals.jpg|thumb|right|Offals from a cow at the butchery]] [[File:Nyanya in gayaza market.JPG |thumb|right|Nyanya in gayaza market]] [[File:Majani.jpg |thumb|left|Vendor selling tea packed leaves]] [[File:Ensujju.jpg|thumb|right|beautiful pumpkins at the market]] ==Noted References == {{BookCat}} omx107wcltlz1fmkmk1xmks3n14wps5 102 363033 4673545 4356867 2026-10-01T23:23:05Z Theki 3082299 /* Recipes */ 4673545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cookdp}} [[File:Caramel-2.jpg|thumb|Liquid caramel]] '''Caramel''' refers to [[Cookbook:Sugar|sugar]] that is heated until it [[Cookbook:Caramelization|caramelizes]]. It is widely used in candies, baked goods, [[Cookbook:Dessert|desserts]], dips, [[Cookbook:Sauces|sauces]] and other prepared food products. Often the term "caramel" is extended and applied to products made with the caramelized sugar, such as caramel [[Cookbook:Sauces|sauces]] and [[Cookbook:Confections|confections]]. == Characteristics == [[File:Bulles de caramel.jpg|thumb|Sugar caramelizing in a hot pan]] As sugar increases in temperature, it begins to break down at the molecular level. This degradation, called caramelization, causes the formation of new compounds that provide deep, rich flavors and brown color. [[Cookbook:White Sugar|White table sugar]] will caramelize between 310–349°F (154–175°C), with more complex flavor and color the hotter it gets. However, around 350°F (176°C) the sugar smokes and eventually burns and turns black. Caramelized sugar by itself cools to a solid, glass-like consistency; for a softer consistency, liquid and/or [[Cookbook:Oil and Fat|fat]] are added to the plain caramel. == Techniques == There are two basic ways to make caramel: the dry method and the wet method. The dry method, which involves slowly heating sugar alone, is more difficult. The sugar begins browning from the edges in, and it must be repeatedly folded into the center until all the sugar changes color and before it begins to smoke excessively. Only after this are the other ingredients rapidly added. In the wet method, sugar is dissolved in water, then [[Cookbook:Boiling|boiled]] to allow the water to evaporate. As the water evaporates, the solution passes through the stages of [[Cookbook:Cooking Sugar|cooking sugar]], and the temperature increases. This allows the sugar to caramelize more gradually and evenly. Technically the temperature can be monitored, but the caramelization tends to progress very quickly, and many find it more convenient to assess the degree of caramelization by the color change; the darker the color, the stronger the caramel. If you're producing caramelized sugar for later use, e.g. making your own invert sugar with a pinch of [[w:citric acid|citric acid]] (sour salt), you can safely store the hardened caramelized sugar in a glass jar. Simply put the jar in a cold oven, bring to 300°F (149°C), and pour. Follow the same procedure when reheating to liquid form to avoid [[w:thermal shock|thermal shock]]. == Use == Caramel is used in a wide range of preparations to add flavor and color. Plain caramelized sugar can be poured or spun into shapes and used as a garnish. It can be tempered with liquid and fat to make caramel sauces or candies. It may also be incorporated into a custard or other simple preparation to add a more complex flavor. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Bulles de caramel.jpg|Sugar caramelizing on a hot pan File:Crème caramel 1.jpg|Baked custard with caramel File:Coated caramel apple (3445156457).jpg|Caramel-coated apple File:2021-07-08 09 37 06 An individual Werther's Original Soft Caramel candy in the Franklin Farm section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia.jpg|Caramel confection File:G-H-Cretors-Caramel-Corn.jpg|Popcorn coated with caramel File:Salted caramel ice cream (26314112816).jpg|Caramel ice cream File:Vanilla Panna Cotta with caramel and caviar.jpg|Panna cotta in caramel sauce </gallery> == Recipes == <div style="column-count:3"> <categorytree mode="all">Recipes for caramel</categorytree> </div> == External links and references == * https://bakerpedia.com/processes/caramelization/ [[Category:Confectionery]] kuzlhmtadg7rb4tgi0bdng8jxagkxzi 0 364161 4673608 4241747 2026-10-02T11:22:23Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 additon > addition 4673608 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == The existing Alaskan Way Viaduct (constructed in the early 1950s) is a two-tier-ed overpass that brings Washington State Highway 99 directly through the city of Seattle. The existing structure cuts off the downtown area from the waterfront of Elliot Bay of the famed Pudget Sound. Following years of material degradation and earthquakes (most notably the Nisqually earthquake of 2001), the state of Washington, in conjunction with the city of Seattle, began debating on a course of action to improve the existing structure. Years of debate were to follow which eventually resulted in the state's decision for a replacement tunnel. The tunnel would be bored directly underneath downtown and would enable traffic to freely travel through the area. Removal of the existing bridge structure could also reconnect the city to its waterfront and would have the potential to spur much real estate development. Despite its appearance as a 'slam dunk' project, the decision to tunnel was heavily political. The debate which led to the tunnel decision was an all-out drama between a variety of actors including Seattle residents, city and state governments, environmentalists, and many interest groups. Additionally, the project's total cost is tremendous and is considerably more expensive than alternatives to the tunnel. Due to Seattle's proximity to fault lines, there is concern for the safety of travelers in the tunnel during potential future seismic activity despite being told that the tunnel is being constructed to all the standards to be safe during an earthquake. Construction of the tunnel is currently underway. The official groundbreaking took place in 2013 and the project was scheduled to be completed well within two year's time. This project has experienced its fair share of unexpected events which include the tunnel boring machine, known as Bertha, striking debris underground and needing to be repaired. Currently, the project is on hold due to repairs. This single incident has extended the project's time frame by nearly two additional years. Construction is scheduled to resume in the near future (January 2016) and the project is now scheduled to be completed in Spring 2018. Whether this will actually happen on this new time-frame remains to be seen. == Annotated List of Actors == '''Former Governor Christine Gregoire''' '''Former Mayor Gregory Nickels''' '''Port of Seattle Commissioner John Creighton''' '''WSDOT''' The Washington State Department of Transportation is the primary facilitator of this construction project. The DOT was responsible for the plans, the current construction, and for future repairs and maintenance. They are also responsible for footing a large amount of the bill. '''Seattle Residents''' Locals to the city are charged with footing some of the bill through a tax increase. This includes all residents of the city, even those that might not have traveled along the old viaduct or will not use the new tunnel. '''Commuters''' All travelers to and through the city stand to benefit from the new tunnel. Traffic could potentially pass through the city (underneath) at a faster rate of travel. == Timeline of Events == '''1949''' Construction of Alaskan Way Viaduct begins. '''April 4, 1953''' Completion of Alaskan Way Viaduct '''February 28, 2001''' Nisqually Earthquake badly damages viaduct and Alaskan Way Seawall. Emergency repairs cost WSDOT $14.5 million. '''2003-2008''' Debate on what viaduct replacement should be '''January 12, 2009''' Announcement of viaduct replacement tunnel '''October 21, 2011''' Beginning of initial demolition phase of old viaduct '''July 30, 2013''' Construction Commencement (estimated 14 months out from completion) '''December 6, 2013''' Bertha (tunnel bore-ing device) strikes old steel pipe and is badly damaged. Borer cannot move in reverse and can only be fixed by repairing from front end which requires a vertical shaft to be constructed. Project is halted for at least 12 months. [[File:Map-gif-large-5.jpg|500px|thumbnail]] '''December 2015''' Estimated resumption of construction. '''Spring 2018''' Estimated completion of tunnel '''2019''' Completion of waterfront area on location of old viaduct. == Maps of Locations == [[File:Program overview mapv2.png|500px|center|thumbnail]] == Policy Issues == Almost everyone can agree that the Alaskan Way Viaduct in Seattle was in need of replacement. One of the major issues initially with the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement was that policy makers were arguing for different proposals. Each with severe implications, with both pros and cons. The three main options that were proposed include a replacement structure, a tunnel, or a street level alternative. Since the freeway on the viaduct is State Route (SR) 99, it involves the collaboration of both the state and local governments. '''Replacement Options''' One option that was proposed was tearing down the viaduct and replacing it with a new structure that would meet current seismic requirements, expecting that it will then be able to resist a strong earthquake. The 2001 Nisqually earthquake significantly damaged the structure and the viaduct has been growing weaker ever since. Proponents from this plan stem from those who argue the view on the structure (while in a car) is great, as you can see the waterfront of the Puget Sound to the west and downtown Seattle to the east. Another option was to do away with the structure altogether and improve the surface streets and nearby I-5 on the east side of downtown Seattle. This plan was notably favored by King County Executive Ron Sims, as he argued that a surface street replacement would be a “success” with the creation of pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods, and more bike friendly infrastructure. He wanted to seek the opportunity to remove the existing structure.<ref>Lindbolm, Mike. "City, County, State Agree to Replace Viaduct with Tunnel." The Seattle Times. 12 Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2015. </ref> The third proposal that was ultimately selected was a bored tunnel underneath the current viaduct. This has been a generally favored choice as it addresses concerns about traffic spill over from the demolition of the current viaduct, and because of its removal, a large swath of land between downtown Seattle and the waterfront could be utilized for prime real estate development. This could potentially spur economic development in the region as these new prime condos/apartments would provide a new tax base. In addition, parks, pedestrian/bicycle areas could be created to help reconnected the previously divided sections of the city. This would be similar to the current Freeway Park over I-5. [[File:Viaduct replacement.jpg|500px|thumbnail|center|A rendering of the surface replacement where the Alaska Way Viaduct currently runs]] '''Oppositions and Concerns About the Tunnel Selection''' Of course with any major project, funding must be present for the visions to become reality. When the replacement tunnel was selected, the initial costs of the project was expected to be around $3.1 billion according to the WSDOT.<ref>"SR 99 Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement Updated Cost and Tolling Summary Report to the Washington State Legislature." Washington State Department of Transportation, January 2010. p3 Web. 8 Nov. 2015. </ref> However, it is currently estimated to be $4.25 billion. This has been a major reason as to why this project is subjected to controversy. Additionally, the passage of this project was signed by governor Gregoire in March of 2009 with no election or referendum on the bill. This is important to note since the Seattle tax payers according to this bill would pay for any cost overruns. Under the agreement, $2.8 billion would come from the state and $1 billion would come from the city.<ref>Garber, Andrew. "Tunnel in Place of Viaduct: A Deal, but How to Pay?" The Seattle Times. 13 Jan. 2009. Web. 8 Nov. 2015. </ref> The additional $400 million would be expected to be generated from dynamic tolling. A WSDOT analysis suggests that this would not deter a significant amount of travelers because this could provide an option with reduced congestion that people would be willing to pay.<ref>"SR 99 Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement Updated Cost and Tolling Summary Report to the Washington State Legislature." Washington State Department of Transportation, January 2010. p5 Web. 8 Nov. 2015. </ref> Opponents have often referenced the Boston Big Dig project as a reason why a tunnel choice should not be considered. They cite the fact the project cost an extraordinary amount over their projected budget, $14.8 billion as compared to $2.6 billion, and the technical challenges with boring a huge tunnel to accommodate multiple lanes of traffic<ref>LeBlanc, Steve. "Boston Finally Completes $14.8B “Big Dig”." The Seattle Times. 26 Dec. 2007. Web. 9 Nov. 2015. </ref>; additionally, tunneling so close to a major body of water presents an additional set of challenges from the encroachment of sea water. Some other concerns that came as a result of the tunnel choice have only added controversy to the decision. One of which are the environmental concerns of boring a tunnel in the heart of downtown next to the Puget Sound. There are concerns about inducing demand on this new tunnel will not promote breaking the community’s “oil addiction” and there are arguments that replacing the urban freeway with surface improvements focusing on transit, bicycles, and pedestrians will benefit the environment.<ref>During, Alan. "The Environmental Case Against the Deep-bore Tunnel Six Prominent Environmentalists Argue against Seattle's Proposed Deep-bore Tunnel." Sightline Institute. 20 July 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2015. </ref> In addition, the interest group, Cascade Bicycle Club, opposed the tunnel selection because they believe that the project is too costly and doesn’t support a green, multi-modal transportation network. They do support the idea of removing the existing structure however. Their argument is that the project would produce too much traffic downtown and make it unsafe for bicyclists to travel there.<ref>"Alaskan Way Viaduct: Issue Identification." pp 3-4. Web. 10 Nov. 2015. </ref> The Allied Arts of Seattle doesn’t directly oppose the tunnel project, but they support the removal as well because it would open up a connection between downtown Seattle and the waterfront. The land could be used for activities to connect the Seattle community, whether it’s from art fairs or other festivals. <ref>"Alaskan Way Viaduct: Issue Identification." p 4. Web. 10 Nov. 2015. </ref> == Narrative of the Case == '''History''' The Alaska Way Viaduct to carry Washington State Route 99 was constructed in the 1950s between downtown Seattle and its waterfront. The elevated structure allowed traffic to pass through downtown Seattle unhindered by local traffic. Unfortunately, the Nisqually earthquake of 2001 caused substantial damage to the structure and necessitated the need for costly repairs<ref>Ševčíková, Hana, Raftery, Adrian E., & Waddell, Paul A. (2011). Uncertain benefits: Application of Bayesian melding to the Alaskan Way Viaduct in Seattle. Transportation Research Part A, 45(6), 540-553.</ref>. Though stability and at least temporary safety were reestablished in the structure, the inability of the structure to endure another sizeable earthquake was deemed a significant public risk and the search for replacement or removal plans began<ref>Building a New State Route 99 Through Seattle. WSDOT. Retrieved from http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/Viaduct/About </ref>. '''Viaduct Replacement Deliberation''' Three main alternatives to the existing viaduct emerged, replacing the existing viaduct with a similar elevated structure built to withstand earthquakes, replacing the viaduct with a tunnel, and removing the route entirely but increasing local street and transit capacity. Early project meetings in 2004 showed preference on the part of citizens and local businesses (especially local restaurants) for a tunnel in an effort to improve the waterfront area. The idyllic vision fueling the tunnel argument was a pedestrian walkway in place of the current elevated structure with traffic routed below and out of sight. In addition to this, business owners in the area supported the tunnel in hopes of reduced noise pollution and incorporation of the waterfront into the downtown area. Support for a similar elevated structure came from industrial and manufacturing businesses whose primary concern was the maintenance of traffic capacity. While the tunnel would have the possibility of handling ordinary traffic previously managed on the viaduct, it would likely be closed to the transport of hazardous materials, a vital element to certain businesses in the area. Support for removing the structure altogether with improvements to existing infrastructure came from citizens accompanied by several urban planners collectively forming the People’s Waterfront Coalition. The city conducted a traffic study to investigate the effects of this plan and forcasted gridlock as a result. The results were met with skepticism by the People’s Waterfront Coalition and others<ref>Tice, C. (2004). Viaduct view. Puget Sound Business Journal, 25(23), 1. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/226906596</ref>. The skepticism was not entirely unfounded. The city’s traffic study did not include any information regarding changes in land use or travel patterns over time due to redevelopment in its evaluation of removal or replacement options for the Alaska Way Viaduct. An independent study by Sevcikova, Raftery, and Waddell into the uncertainty surrounding large infrastructure projects with the Alaska Way Viaduct as its case study did include changes in land use and travel patterns. This second study compared two scenarios, one in which the viaduct was replaced with a structure (type unspecified) and one in which the viaduct was removed and not replaced without any improvements to transit or surrounding city streets. The second case was not a plan the city would ever implement, but rather a worst case scenario. As a part of the study, the travel times of fifteen commuter routes were evaluated. Of these, seven did not require the driver to utilize the viaduct while the other nine did. The model developed for the study found that increased (or decreased) travel times for the seven routes that did not include the viaduct were unlikely after viaduct removal while an average increase post viaduct removal of approximately six minutes was predicted for those routes initially including the viaduct<ref>Ševčíková, Hana, Raftery, Adrian E., & Waddell, Paul A. (2011). Uncertain benefits: Application of Bayesian melding to the Alaskan Way Viaduct in Seattle. Transportation Research Part A, 45(6), 540-553.</ref>. To an extent, these findings contradict the findings of the city which stated replacing the viaduct with a comparable structure would decrease travel times. Sevcikova, et al. identify potential reasons for this discrepancy. While the independent study utilized a regional travel model without network details, the model of the city incorporated micro elements including intersection geometry, pedestrian traffic, and transit conflicts. However, the study done by the city did not include changes in land use or travel patterns as mentioned, nor the ability for people to adapt to changes in infrastructure such as moving to more convenient locations, getting different jobs closer to home, or utilizing transit more effectively<ref>Ševčíková, Hana, Raftery, Adrian E., & Waddell, Paul A. (2011). Uncertain benefits: Application of Bayesian melding to the Alaskan Way Viaduct in Seattle. Transportation Research Part A, 45(6), 540-553. </ref>. By 2005, state and local officials openly stated they preferred the option of a replacement tunnel. The estimated cost of the tunnel project at this time was between $3.7 billion and $4.1 billion. Of this, the city of Seattle would be called upon to pay approximately $1 billion while the state would fund the remainder<ref>Staff. (2005). Tunnel Preferred For Seattle Waterfront.(damaged Alaska Way Viaduct to be replaced)(Brief Article). Pacific Builder and Engineer, 111(2), 21 http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=280660&sr=HEADLINE(Tunnel+Preferred+For+Seattle+Waterfront.)%2BAND%2BDATE%2BIS%2B2005 </ref>. While the replacement of the viaduct with a similar structure would cost approximately $1 billion less, public opinion of constructing another elevated structure was marked with distrust as to safety. As a citizen was quoted, “Elevated roadways are bad in seismic areas. They had their time in history. Now, I like the vision of a pedestrian walkway."<ref>Tice, C. (2004). Viaduct view. Puget Sound Business Journal, 25(23), 1. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/226906596 </ref> Eight finalist plans for the project were announced in 2008. These included elevated roadways, surface roadways, and roadways in tunnels. During the gap in time between 2005 and 2008, the state was forced to spend some of the funds intended for the replacement of the Alaska Way Viaduct on repairs to it, thus reducing their available funds to about $1.5 billion. Because of this, the state legislature would need to become involved to assure adequate funding for the project, especially if the more costly tunnel option was to be chosen.<ref>Gilmore, Susan (2008). “New viaduct speediest option, studies show.” Seattle Times, 14 November 2008. http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/new-viaduct-speediest-option-studies-show/ </ref> During the decision making process, concern was raised in regard to whether or not State Route 99 would be open through downtown Seattle during the construction process. For many of the proposed designs, this would not be an option. However, in 2009, after improvements in tunnel boring technology, a tunnel design that would allow State Route 99 to be open during construction was proposed to, and accepted by, city and state officials. The plan included replacing the southern portion of the viaduct with another elevated structure designed to withstand earthquakes prior to beginning tunnel boring.<ref>Viaduct History.” WSDOT 2015. Web. 8 Nov. 2015. http://www.wsdot.com/Projects/Viaduct/About/History</ref> Funding remained an issue within the project plan. Though the roadway runs through Seattle and directly impacts Seattle’s infrastructure, the route is maintained by the state as State Route 99. After much discussion of which entity was responsible for which costs, an agreement was reached in 2010 between Seattle and State of Washington. The state would take responsibility for cost overruns for the tunnel and road itself while the city would be responsible for the costs of replacing the seawall and utility relocation.<ref> "SEATTLE CITY COUNCIL NEGOTIATES ALASKA WAY VIADUCT AGREEMENTS THAT PROTECT THE CITY'S INTERESTS." States News Service 19 July 2010. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 5 Nov. 2015. http://login.ezproxy.lib.umn.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA232054855&v=2.1&u=umn_wilson&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=89cd899730def8351e68f05033a89899 </ref> '''Earth Pressure Balance Shield Tunneling''' Digging a tunnel underneath Seattle would require some extraordinary engineering work. The close proximity of Elliot Bay (an offshoot of the Pudget Sound) to the proposed project (meaning an elevated water table) and the prospect of tunneling underneath the heart of Seattle posed significant challenges. Fortunately, advances in tunneling technology led to the innovation of earth pressure balance tunneling. In this tunneling technique, a tunnel boring machine utilizes soil it removes to balance the pressure being exerted on its front cutting wheel as well as to balance the support pressure of the tunnel. ([https://www.herrenknecht.com/en/products/core-products/tunnelling/epb-shield/video-epb-en.html?tx_torrvideoteaser_video%5Bvideo%5D=54&tx_torrvideoteaser_video%5BforceEmbedVideo%5D=0&tx_torrvideoteaser_video%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_torrvideoteaser_video%5Bcontroller%5D=Video&cHash=b31bf7995af1788912fbf8c1438e54f8&type=924 A video of the process can be seen here.]) The Washington Department of transportation commissioned Japanese Hitachi Zosen Corporation to construct an earth pressure balance shield tunneling machine for the project. With a diameter of 17.45 meters, the machine was the largest of its kind in the world. The machine was completed in Japan in December of 2012, then disassembled and shipped to the United States in March of 2013. The machine was officially named Bertha, a name submitted to the official naming contest by an elementary schooler, on December 20, 2012.<ref>“The World’s Largest EPB Shield Tunneling Machine.” 2013. Hitachi Zosen Corporation. Web. 13 November 2015. http://www.hitachizosen.co.jp/english/pickup/pickup008.html </ref> '''Construction''' Bertha began boring in the summer of 2013 and continued until December 6, 2013 when she was stalled due to overheating 1000 feet into the dig. ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guWkPRReUaE&feature=youtu.be Video to animation of how Bertha works]) Initial inspections found damage to Bertha’s seal system and contamination within the main bearing.<ref>“Seattle Tunnel Partners working to repair Bertha.” Follow Bertha. 2015. WSDOT. Web. 13 November 2015. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/Viaduct/About/FollowBertha </ref> To determine what had happened, the front of the machine required inspection. The loose soil and high water table in the area complicated the ability to access the front of Bertha. Wells were drilled in front of the machine in an effort lower the water table and create a safe environment to which workers could descend.<ref>“Tunnel crews lowering groundwater to get a closer look at what’s blocking Bertha.” News. 13 December 2013. WSDOT. 13 November 2015. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2013/12/13_Tunnel_Crews_Look.htm </ref> It was not until January that workers gained the ability to descend to identify the cause of the blockage. An 8 inch steel pipe was found lodged in Bertha’s cutterhead. The Washington Department of Transportation stated that information on the location of the pipe was included in the project contract. At this point, there was no mention of removing Bertha for repairs.<ref> “Progress made on SR 99 tunnel blockage.” News. 3 January 2014. WSDOT. 13 November 2015. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2014/01/99010313.htm </ref> By March of 2014 it was clear that continuing with the project would require substantial repairs and project delay. An estimated two months would be required to remove enough soil from in front of the machine after construction of access pit walls in order to be able to remove the machine for repairs. While the Washington Department of Transportation had originally set an opening date of November 2016, the contractor hoped to complete the project in late 2015. With the newfound delay, the contractor revised the plan to complete the project on the date initially set by the department of transportation with tunneling resuming in March of 2015.<ref>“SR 99 tunneling machine to resume digging in March 2015.” News. 21 April 2014. WSDOT. 13 November 2015. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2014/04/4-21_SR-99-resumes-March-2015.htm </ref> The March 2015 goal was not realized. Rather, Bertha’s cutterhead was brought to the surface at that time as she was more damaged than was originally thought. Because of Bertha’s unique nature, her manufacturer was required to identify and replace broken parts. Beyond simply repairing the broken parts of the machine, the manufacturer opted to make improvements as well. Her soil removal system gained additional mixing devices to better handle the highly muddy soil being removed and her cutting surface was reconfigured with additional blades. Substantial testing was needed in order to determine if she could be returned to the ground to continue drilling as no procedural model exists to follow.<ref>Lindblom, Mike “New Bertha start date: Nov. 23.” Transportation.17 July 2015. The Seattle Times. Web. 13 November 2015. http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/new-bertha-start-date-nov-23/ </ref> Despite the tunneling delay, other portions of the project are still underway. The roadway approaching the tunnel and the roadway within the already constructed 1000 feet of tunnel have been continued. <ref> "A look inside the new-look SR 99 tunnel." News. 19 March 2015. WSDOT. Web. 13 November 2015. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/Viaduct/Status/Blog/a-look-inside-the-new-look-sr-99-tunnel </ref> [[File:Southbound.JPG|center|framed|Northbound view inside replacement tunnel. Cars will travel southbound through this section. ]] == Discussion Questions == Before discussion of the impact of the damaged boring machine, what is your opinion on the selection of a tunnel as a solution to the viaduct problem? Can you think of any alternatives to building the tunnel that might have been viable options for Seattle? Are there any other cities in the world where an expressway, such as Washington Route 99, could be replaced with a tunnel similar to Seattle's new tunnel? Why might tunneling be a good option? What are some potential reasons cities might consider relocating expressways through re-routing or tunneling? == Complete References == {{BookCat}} 3ycd286tfxo5qffqls85czfgfo758h8 0 367554 4673451 3642492 2026-10-01T14:37:45Z Wedneedssayd 3627335 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/3642492|3642492]] by [[Special:Contributions/Uziel302|Uziel302]] ([[User talk:Uziel302|discuss]]) 4673451 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4.1 Von Neumann Machine == * Von Neumann realized data and programs are indistinguishable & can therefore use the same memory * Von Neumann architecture uses a single processor * It follows a linear sequence of fetch–decode–execute operations for the set of instructions i.e. the program * In order to do this, the processor has to use registers == 4.2 Registers == * It is an extremely fast piece of on-chip memory, usually 32 or 64 bits in size for temporary storage * Registers are outside the immediate access store and consequently allow faster access to the data they store === Special Registers === * '''Program counter (PC)''': keeps track of where to find next instruction so that a copy of the instruction can be placed in the current instruction register * '''Memory data register (MDR)''': acts like a buffer & holds anything copied from memory ready for processor to use * '''Memory address register (MAR)''': used to hold memory address that contains either the next piece of data or an instruction that is to be used * '''Index register (IR)''': a microprocessor register used for modifying operand addresses during run of a program ** Used if address indirect; a constant from the instruction added to contents of IR to form address to operand/data * '''Current instruction register (CIR)''': holds the instruction that is to be executed. * '''Status register (SR)''': holds results of comparisons to decide later for action, intermediate results of arithmetic performed and any errors occurred during arithmetic * '''General-purpose register''': One or more registers in the CPU that temporarily store data * '''Accumulator''': single general-purpose register inside ALU ** It is a single general-purpose register where all values held when processed by arithmetic & logical operations == 4.3 The Processor == * '''Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)''': part of processor that performs arithmetic calculations & logical decisions * '''Control unit''': part of processor that fetches instructions from memory, decodes them & synchronizes operations before sending signals to other parts of the computer * '''System clock''': timing device connected to the processor that synchronizes when fetch-execute cycle runs == 4.4 System Buses == * '''Bus''': set of parallel wires that connect various components & provides communication between them * '''Data bus''': bi-directional, used to carry data and instructions between system components ** The memory data register (MDR) is at one end of the data bus * '''Address bus''': unidirectional, carries address of main memory location or input/output device about to be used from processor to memory address register (MAR) * '''Control bus''': bi-directional, used to send control signals from control unit to ensure access/use of data & address buses by components of system does not lead to conflict ==== <u>THE FETCH−DECODE−EXECUTE CYCLE</u> ==== <br /> 1) Fetch:<br /> First step the CPU carries out is to fetch some data and instructions from the main memory which is stored temporary memory areas called registers<br /> The CPU makes use of a vital hardware path called address bus. The CPU places address of the next item to be fetched on the address bus<br /> Data from this address moves from the main memory into the CPU by traveling in the data bus<br /> <br /> 2) Decode:<br /> The CPU needs to make sense of the instruction<br /> The CPU is designed to understand a specific set of commands called the "instruction set".<br /> The CPU decodes the instruction<br /> <br /> 3) Excute:<br /> Data processing takes place<br /> The instruction is excuted<br /> The CPU sets itself up to begin another cycle once more {{BookCat}} i5qviozcyia5dw3xfsy0n77llzprnqh 4673452 4673451 2026-10-01T14:39:48Z Pristome 3519119 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/Wedneedssayd|Wedneedssayd]] ([[User talk:Wedneedssayd|talk]]) to last version by Uziel302 4673452 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4.1 Von Neumann Machine == * Von Neumann realized data and programs are indistinguishable & can therefore use the same memory * Von Neumann architecture uses a single processor * It follows a linear sequence of fetch–decode–execute operations for the set of instructions i.e. the program * In order to do this, the processor has to use registers == 4.2 Registers == * It is an extremely fast piece of on-chip memory, usually 32 or 64 bits in size for temporary storage * Registers are outside the immediate access store and consequently allow faster access to the data they store === Special Registers === * '''Program counter (PC)''': keeps track of where to find next instruction so that a copy of the instruction can be placed in the current instruction register * '''Memory data register (MDR)''': acts like a buffer & holds anything copied from memory ready for processor to use * '''Memory address register (MAR)''': used to hold memory address that contains either the next piece of data or an instruction that is to be used * '''Index register (IR)''': a microprocessor register used for modifying operand addresses during run of a program ** Used if address indirect; a constant from the instruction added to contents of IR to form address to operand/data * '''Current instruction register (CIR)''': holds the instruction that is to be executed. * '''Status register (SR)''': holds results of comparisons to decide later for action, intermediate results of arithmetic performed and any errors occurred during arithmetic * '''General-purpose register''': One or more registers in the CPU that temporarily store data * '''Accumulator''': single general-purpose register inside ALU ** It is a single general-purpose register where all values held when processed by arithmetic & logical operations == 4.3 The Processor == * '''Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)''': part of processor that performs arithmetic calculations & logical decisions * '''Control unit''': part of processor that fetches instructions from memory, decodes them & synchronizes operations before sending signals to other parts of the computer * '''System clock''': timing device connected to the processor that synchronizes when fetch-execute cycle runs == 4.4 System Buses == * '''Bus''': set of parallel wires that connect various components & provides communication between them * '''Data bus''': bi-directional, used to carry data and instructions between system components ** The memory data register (MDR) is at one end of the data bus * '''Address bus''': unidirectional, carries address of main memory location or input/output device about to be used from processor to memory address register (MAR) * '''Control bus''': bi-directional, used to send control signals from control unit to ensure access/use of data & address buses by components of system does not lead to conflict ==== <u>THE FETCH−DECODE−EXECUTE CYCLE</u> ==== <br /> 1) Fetch:<br /> First step the CPU carries out is to fetch some data and instructions from the main memory which is stored temporary memory areas called registers<br /> The CPU makes use of a vital hardware path called address bus. The CPU places address of the next item to be fetched on the address bus<br /> Data from this address moves from the main memory into the CPU by traveling in the data bus<br /> <br /> 2) Decode:<br /> The CPU needs to make sense of the instruction<br /> The CPU is designed to understand a specific set of commands called the "instruction set".<br /> The CPU decodes the instruction<br /> <br /> 3) Excute:<br /> Data processing takes place<br /> The instruction is executed<br /> The CPU sets itself up to begin another cycle once more {{BookCat}} phwu1mqw4qh764ozg4meaf9urerehyk 0 373462 4673597 4214220 2026-10-02T10:46:57Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 inteded > intended 4673597 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Summary== *'''This section contains code for making file hashes''', that is, hashes of entire ''files''. **Several algorithms are provided, with output options for base64 or hex. The VBA code below generates the digests for the MD5, SHA1, SHA2-256, SHA2-384, and SHA2-512 hashes. **The code is made for ''single'' files, but the code given on an adjacent page, [[Visual_Basic_for_Applications/Folder_Hashing_in_VBA|'''Folder Hashing in VBA''']], can be used for recursive hash listings, again with a choice of hashes and output options. **''String'' hash routines are given in [[Visual_Basic_for_Applications/String_Hashing_in_VBA|'''another section''']]. **In general these hashes do not make use of a ''seed'' value, but to illustrate the method, the code contains one such example, (''FileToSHA512SALT()''). Please note that its output differs from that of the ''SHA512Managed'' class. A note exists in the respective procedure in case other salted (seeded) inputs are of interest. **These listed algorithms can hash any single file up to about 200MB (Mega Bytes) in length, beyond which an ''out of memory'' error will be generated in GetFileBytes(). Specific tests found that hashes work well for a 200MB zip file but fail for a 500MB zip file; the exact break point is unclear. For files ''larger'' than 200MB, other facilities exist. *'''Large file hashing''', say beyond 200MB is best done with other tools. Four such examples are mentioned here: **'''Microsoft's FCIV utility''', is free download. It is a command-line application, capable of hashing both single files and whole folder trees. It handles large files with ease, but only for MD5 and SHA1 hashes. It sends both base64 and HEX outputs to the screen but only b64 output format to a file. Prepared files can be verified against any new run, but results only to the screen. It is a bit tricky to use, even with their instructions, so the pages [[Visual_Basic_for_Applications/Running_the_FCIV_Utility_from_VBA|'''Running the FCIV Utility from VBA''']] and [[File_Checksum_Integrity_Verifier_(FCIV)_Examples|'''File Checksum Integrity Verifier (FCIV) Examples''']] might be found of use to the novice. So far, Microsoft have not extended the coding to include contemporary algorithms. **'''PowerShell in Windows 8.1 and above''', can make large single-file hashes, using all of the MD5. SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, and SHA512 algorithms. It produces output on the screen only, though the output can also be piped to the clipboard for pasting as required. There are no simple options for hashing a folder or for output to an xml file. For completion, an example of its use is given in [[File_Checksum_Integrity_Verifier_(FCIV)_Examples|'''File Checksum Integrity Verifier (FCIV) Examples''']]. In Windows 10, hashes can also be obtained at the command prompt with '''''certutil -hashfile <full path to file to hash> MD5,''''' though size limitations are unclear'''''. ('''Change md5 to sha1, sha256, or sha512, etc''').''''' **'''An external application''' that can handle large files is [https://raylin.wordpress.com/downloads/md5-sha-1-checksum-utility/ '''MD5 and SHA Checksum Utility''']. It is a stand-alone application, and a basic version is available as a free download. It produces MD5, SHA1, SHA2/256, and SHA2/512 hashes for single files. The outputs are in HEX and are displayed together on a neat user interface. A more complex commercial version is also available. **'''FSUM Fast File Integrity Checker''' is another free, external application for command line use. It resembles FCIV in many ways but includes up to date algorithms. (MD2, MD4, MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2( 256, 384, 512), RIPEMD-160, PANAMA, TIGER, ADLER32, and CRC32). In addition to large file HEX hashes it can carry out flat or recursive folder hashes. The code to enter is not identical to that of FCIV but a text file is provided with examples in its use. The web page [http://www.slavasoft.com/fsum/index.htm '''FSUM Fast File Integrity Checker'''] has the download and other details, though the text file fails to mention that results can be easily piped to the clipboard with |clip. Although a graphical interface exists elsewhere, the command-line application has been found the most stable.. *'''The permissions for files need to be considered''' when attempting hashing. Hashing has to ''access'' files to obtain the bytes that they contain. Although this does not involve actually ''running'' the files, some folder and file types might be found locked at run time. In fact, this type of access is the main difference between string hashing and file hashing. Whenever ''files'' are accessed, error handling tends to be needed. It is assumed here that the user will add his own error-handling, or that he will ''go-around'' files that are troublesome before the hashing attempt. Users should know that the code cannot handle an ''empty'' text file; for example, a Notepad file that has been saved without any text in it. The GetFileBytes routine will error. A message and exit will be produced if an empty file is encountered, as for a file in excess of 200MB. *'''User files and folders have few restrictions.''' The empty file problem apart, those who want to access user files in folders that they have made themselves will not usually have any problems, and interested parties should know that there is a recursive folder hashing module in another section of this series that might be of related interest. [[Visual_Basic_for_Applications/Folder_Hashing_in_VBA|'''Folder Hashing in VBA''']] also contains notes on how to avoid virtual folder problems with music, video, and other Microsoft libraries. *'''Hashing is concerned only with the ''content'' of a file''', and not its name, or other file details. This means that duplicates of files under any name can be found by comparing their hashes. In secure systems with deliberately confusing file names, this means that a very long file list could be hashed ''until'' a searched-for hash value is found, rather than depending on a less secure file ''name'' to find it. Alternatively, file names are sometimes just the file's hash value, so that hashing can reveal any error or illegal change. In such a case a hacker might change the file then name the file with a corresponding hash, but he does not know the required hash algorithm or private string ''to use'', so changes will always be detected when the owner runs his own hash verification. ==Code Listings== '''IMPORTANT'''. It was found that the hash routines errored in a Windows 10, 64 bit Office setup. However, subsequent checking revealed the solution. The Windows platform must have intalled the '''Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3)''', this older version, and not only the '''Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services''' that was enabled in ''Turn Windows Features on and off''. When it was selected there, the routines worked perfectly. ===Modifications=== *Added default code for transfer of results to the clipboard, 11 Sep 2020 *Set file selection dialog to open with all-file types to be listed, 25 July 2019 *Added file selection dialog, and file size limits, 17 Jun 2019 ===Using Built-in Windows Functions in VBA=== The code to make hashes of STRINGS and for ''bulk file hashing'' is given elsewhere in this set. The panel below bears code that is virtually identical to that for strings, but with only slight modification, is used to make hashes of ''single'' whole FILES. The user provides a full path to the file via a selection dialog as the starting parameter. A parameter option allows for a choice of hex or base-64 outputs. Functions are included for MD5, SHA1, SHA2-256, SHA2-384, and SHA2-512 hashes. For frequent use, the selection dialog is most convenient, though the code contains a commented-out line for those who intend to type the file address into the procedure; simply comment out the line not needed. In each case, coders can find the unmodified hash values in the bytes() array and at that point they are in 8-bit bytes, that is, the numbers that represent the ASCI code as it applies to a full eight-bit, 256 character set. The code that follows the filling of the bytes() array in each case decides which version of the ASCI character set to deliver. For a hex set of characters, 0-9, and A to F, the total bit set is broken into double the number of four-bit bytes, then returned for use. For the base-64 set, lower case letters,upper case letters, and integers mainly, six bit characters are made for output. These two sets are the most useful here, since they consist of commonly used characters. The 128 and 256 ASCI sets are too full of both exotic and non-printing characters to be useful. For each hash version its bit count is a constant, so the length of its output will vary according to the chosen type. As a general point; message boxes do not allow copying of their text. If copying is needed, replace the message box with an input box, and set the output hash to be the default value of the box. Then it can be copied with ease. Alternatively use the output of the ''Debug.Print'' method in the immediate window. A procedure has been included to overwrite the clipboard with the results: If this is not intended then comment the line out in the top procedure. <syntaxhighlight lang="vb"> Option Explicit Public sFPath As String, sH As String Private Sub TestFileHashes() 'run this to obtain file hashes in a choice of algorithms 'select any one algorithm call below 'Limited to unrestricted files less than 200MB and not zero 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit, and Microsoft Scripting Runtime 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim b64 As Boolean, bOK As Boolean, bOK2 as Boolean Dim sSecret As String, nSize As Long, reply 'USER SETTINGS '====================================================== '====================================================== 'set output format here b64 = True 'true for output base-64, false for hex '====================================================== 'set chosen file here 'either set path to target file in hard-typed line 'or choose a file using the file dialog procedure 'sFPath = "C:\Users\Your Folder\Documents\test.txt" 'eg. sFPath = SelectFile2("SELECT A FILE TO HASH...") 'uses file dialog 'check the file If sFPath = "" Then 'exit sub for no file selection MsgBox "No selection made - closing" Exit Sub End If bOK = GetFileSize(sFPath, nSize) If nSize = 0 Or nSize > 200000000 Then 'exit sub for zero size MsgBox "File has zero contents or greater than 200MB - closing" Exit Sub End If '====================================================== 'set secret key here if using HMAC class of algorithms sSecret = "Set secret key for FileToSHA512Salt selection" '====================================================== 'choose algorithm 'enable any one line to obtain that hash result 'sH = FileToMD5(sFPath, b64) 'sH = FileToSHA1(sFPath, b64) 'sH = FileToSHA256(sFPath, b64) 'sH = FileToSHA384(sFPath, b64) 'sH = FileToSHA512Salt(sFPath, sSecret, b64) sH = FileToSHA512(sFPath, b64) '====================================================== '====================================================== 'Results Output - open the immediate window as required Debug.Print sFPath & vbNewLine & sH & vbNewLine & Len(sH) & " characters in length" MsgBox sFPath & vbNewLine & sH & vbNewLine & Len(sH) & " characters in length" 'reply = InputBox("The selected text can be copied with Ctrl-C", "Output is in the box...", sH) 'decomment these two lines to overwrite the clipboard with the results bOK2 = CopyToClip(sH) If bOK2 = True Then MsgBox ("The result is on the clipboard.") 'decomment this line to append the hash to a file (after setting its path) 'AppendHashToFile 'decomment this block to place the hash in first cell of sheet1 ' With ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells(1, 1) ' .Font.Name = "Consolas" ' .Select: Selection.NumberFormat = "@" 'make cell text ' .Value = sH ' End With End Sub Private Sub AppendHashToFile() Dim sFPath2 As String, fso As FileSystemObject, ts As TextStream Dim sContents As String, sNewContents As String sFPath2 = "C:\Users\Your Folder\Documents\test.txt" 'eg. Set fso = New FileSystemObject If Not Dir(sFPath2) = vbNullString Then 'docs.microsoft.com/office/vba/language/reference/user-interface-help/opentextfile-method 'devblogs.microsoft.com/scripting/how-can-i-add-a-line-to-the-top-of-a-text-file/ Set ts = fso.OpenTextFile(sFPath2, ForReading) sContents = ts.ReadAll: ts.Close End If sNewContents = sH & vbTab & sFPath & vbTab & Now & vbNewLine & sContents sNewContents = Left(sNewContents, Len(sNewContents) - 2) Set ts = fso.OpenTextFile(sFPath2, ForWriting, True) ts.WriteLine sNewContents: ts.Close End Sub Public Function FileToMD5(sFullPath As String, Optional bB64 As Boolean = False) As String 'parameter full path with name of file returned in the function as an MD5 hash 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim enc, bytes, outstr As String, pos As Integer Set enc = CreateObject("System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider") 'Convert the string to a byte array and hash it bytes = GetFileBytes(sFullPath) bytes = enc.ComputeHash_2((bytes)) If bB64 = True Then FileToMD5 = ConvToBase64String(bytes) Else FileToMD5 = ConvToHexString(bytes) End If Set enc = Nothing End Function Public Function FileToSHA1(sFullPath As String, Optional bB64 As Boolean = False) As String 'parameter full path with name of file returned in the function as an SHA1 hash 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim enc, bytes, outstr As String, pos As Integer Set enc = CreateObject("System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider") 'Convert the string to a byte array and hash it bytes = GetFileBytes(sFullPath) 'returned as a byte array bytes = enc.ComputeHash_2((bytes)) If bB64 = True Then FileToSHA1 = ConvToBase64String(bytes) Else FileToSHA1 = ConvToHexString(bytes) End If Set enc = Nothing End Function Function FileToSHA512Salt(ByVal sPath As String, ByVal sSecretKey As String, _ Optional ByVal bB64 As Boolean = False) As String 'Returns a sha512 FILE HASH in function name, modified by parameter sSecretKey. 'This hash differs from that of FileToSHA512 using the SHA512Managed class. 'HMAC class inputs are hashed twice;first input and key are mixed before hashing, 'then the key is mixed with the result and hashed again. 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim asc As Object, enc As Object Dim SecretKey() As Byte Dim bytes() As Byte 'create a text and crypto objects Set asc = CreateObject("System.Text.UTF8Encoding") 'Any of HMACSHAMD5,HMACSHA1,HMACSHA256,HMACSHA384,or HMACSHA512 can be used 'for corresponding hashes, albeit not matching those of Managed classes. Set enc = CreateObject("System.Security.Cryptography.HMACSHA512") 'make a byte array of the text to hash bytes = GetFileBytes(sPath) 'make a byte array of the private key SecretKey = asc.Getbytes_4(sSecretKey) 'add the key property enc.Key = SecretKey 'make a byte array of the hash bytes = enc.ComputeHash_2((bytes)) 'convert the byte array to string If bB64 = True Then FileToSHA512Salt = ConvToBase64String(bytes) Else FileToSHA512Salt = ConvToHexString(bytes) End If 'release object variables Set asc = Nothing Set enc = Nothing End Function Public Function FileToSHA256(sFullPath As String, Optional bB64 As Boolean = False) As String 'parameter full path with name of file returned in the function as an SHA2-256 hash 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim enc, bytes, outstr As String, pos As Integer Set enc = CreateObject("System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256Managed") 'Convert the string to a byte array and hash it bytes = GetFileBytes(sFullPath) 'returned as a byte array bytes = enc.ComputeHash_2((bytes)) If bB64 = True Then FileToSHA256 = ConvToBase64String(bytes) Else FileToSHA256 = ConvToHexString(bytes) End If Set enc = Nothing End Function Public Function FileToSHA384(sFullPath As String, Optional bB64 As Boolean = False) As String 'parameter full path with name of file returned in the function as an SHA2-384 hash 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim enc, bytes, outstr As String, pos As Integer Set enc = CreateObject("System.Security.Cryptography.SHA384Managed") 'Convert the string to a byte array and hash it bytes = GetFileBytes(sFullPath) 'returned as a byte array bytes = enc.ComputeHash_2((bytes)) If bB64 = True Then FileToSHA384 = ConvToBase64String(bytes) Else FileToSHA384 = ConvToHexString(bytes) End If Set enc = Nothing End Function Public Function FileToSHA512(sFullPath As String, Optional bB64 As Boolean = False) As String 'parameter full path with name of file returned in the function as an SHA2-512 hash 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim enc, bytes, outstr As String, pos As Integer Set enc = CreateObject("System.Security.Cryptography.SHA512Managed") 'Convert the string to a byte array and hash it bytes = GetFileBytes(sFullPath) 'returned as a byte array bytes = enc.ComputeHash_2((bytes)) If bB64 = True Then FileToSHA512 = ConvToBase64String(bytes) Else FileToSHA512 = ConvToHexString(bytes) End If Set enc = Nothing End Function Private Function GetFileBytes(ByVal sPath As String) As Byte() 'makes byte array from file 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim lngFileNum As Long, bytRtnVal() As Byte, bTest lngFileNum = FreeFile If LenB(Dir(sPath)) Then ''// Does file exist? Open sPath For Binary Access Read As lngFileNum 'a zero length file content will give error 9 here ReDim bytRtnVal(0 To LOF(lngFileNum) - 1&) As Byte Get lngFileNum, , bytRtnVal Close lngFileNum Else Err.Raise 53 'File not found End If GetFileBytes = bytRtnVal Erase bytRtnVal End Function Function ConvToBase64String(vIn As Variant) As Variant 'used to produce a base-64 output 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim oD As Object Set oD = CreateObject("MSXML2.DOMDocument") With oD .LoadXML "<root />" .DocumentElement.DataType = "bin.base64" .DocumentElement.nodeTypedValue = vIn End With ConvToBase64String = Replace(oD.DocumentElement.Text, vbLf, "") Set oD = Nothing End Function Function ConvToHexString(vIn As Variant) As Variant 'used to produce a hex output 'Set a reference to mscorlib 4.0 64-bit 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim oD As Object Set oD = CreateObject("MSXML2.DOMDocument") With oD .LoadXML "<root />" .DocumentElement.DataType = "bin.Hex" .DocumentElement.nodeTypedValue = vIn End With ConvToHexString = Replace(oD.DocumentElement.Text, vbLf, "") Set oD = Nothing End Function Function GetFileSize(sFilePath As String, nSize As Long) As Boolean 'use this to test for a zero file size 'takes full path as string in sFilePath 'returns file size in bytes in nSize 'Make a reference to Scripting Runtime 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim fs As FileSystemObject, f As File Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") If fs.FileExists(sFilePath) Then Set f = fs.GetFile(sFilePath) nSize = f.Size GetFileSize = True Exit Function End If End Function Function SelectFile2(Optional sTitle As String = "") As String 'opens a file-select dialog and on selection 'returns its full path string in the function name 'If Cancel or OK without selection, returns empty string 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim fd As FileDialog, sPathOnOpen As String, sOut As String Set fd = Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFilePicker) 'do not include backslash here sPathOnOpen = Application.DefaultFilePath 'set the file-types list on the dialog and other properties With fd .Filters.Clear 'the first filter line below sets the default on open (here all files are listed) .Filters.Add "All Files", "*.*" .Filters.Add "Excel workbooks", "*.xlsx;*.xlsm;*.xls;*.xltx;*.xltm;*.xlt;*.xml;*.ods" .Filters.Add "Word documents", "*.docx;*.docm;*.dotx;*.dotm;*.doc;*.dot;*.odt" .AllowMultiSelect = False .InitialFileName = sPathOnOpen .Title = sTitle .InitialView = msoFileDialogViewList 'msoFileDialogViewSmallIcons .Show If .SelectedItems.Count = 0 Then 'MsgBox "Canceled without selection" Exit Function Else sOut = .SelectedItems(1) 'MsgBox sOut End If End With SelectFile2 = sOut End Function Function CopyToClip(sIn As String) As Boolean 'passes the parameter string to the clipboard 'set reference to Microsoft Forms 2.0 Object Library (by browsing for FM20.DLL). 'If ref not listed, inserting user form will list it. 'Clipboard cleared when launch application closes. 'Make sure that Net Framework 3.5 (includes .Net 2 and .Net 3) is installed and enabled 'and not only the Net Framework 4.8 Advanced Services Dim DataOut As DataObject Set DataOut = New DataObject 'first pass textbox text to dataobject DataOut.SetText sIn 'then pass dataobject text to clipboard DataOut.PutInClipboard 'release object variable Set DataOut = Nothing CopyToClip = True End Function </syntaxhighlight> ==See Also== *[[Visual_Basic_for_Applications/String_Hashing_in_VBA|'''String Hashing in VBA''']] : A companion page in this series for those who want only to hash strings. *[[Visual_Basic_for_Applications/Folder_Hashing_in_VBA|'''Folder Hashing in VBA''']] :Another companion page that makes recursive folder hash listings, and logs. Uses up to date hash algorithms, but limited to files no larger than about 200MB. *[[Visual_Basic_for_Applications/Running_the_FCIV_Utility_from_VBA|'''Running the FCIV Utility from VBA''']]: How to use the Microsoft fciv.exe command line utility to make MD5 and SHA1 file hashes from VBA. The MS utility, although awkward to use, allows hashing and verification of entire folder trees. *[[File_Checksum_Integrity_Verifier_(FCIV)_Examples|'''File Checksum Integrity Verifier (FCIV) Examples''']]: More details on how to use the FCIV utility for those without much experience working from the command line prompt. ==External Links== *[https://raylin.wordpress.com/downloads/md5-sha-1-checksum-utility/ '''MD5 and SHA Checksum Utility''']: a external site's free application to simultaneously display MD5,SHA1,SHA256,and SHA512 hashes of single files (Hex only). Includes a browse-for-file function and drag and drop to make life easy. This utility can also be used to hash large files; author-tested for a 500MB file. *[http://www.slavasoft.com/fsum/index.htm '''FSUM Fast File Integrity Checker'''] : The basic command-line version of the FSUM hasher download. *[https://sourceforge.net/projects/fsumfe/ '''FSUM GUI'''] : A graphical interface download site for the FSUM utility. This allows file browsing, drag and drop, and other facilities to simplify the otherwise command-line working. {{BookCat}} ik05djacc2q4eruv48461tp2al6bemw 0 374222 4673511 3435936 2026-10-01T18:10:01Z MissHoneyDoll 3627358 4673511 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Usage note== The native tribes of the America have been ravaged by the colonizing natives of Spain and Portugal, so a person with Aztec, Inca or Mayan ancestry may not have a first name from these civilizations. Likely they will use a Spanish first name. Similarly, the majority of people with Aztec ancestry will use a Spanish surname rather than a Nahuatl one. The Quechua and Mayans are more likely to keep indigenous surnames. '''NOTE: There is <mark>a slow and meaningful resurgence of Aztec (Nahuatl), Mayan, and Incan (Quechuan) names is happening across Latin America and in diaspora communities</mark>, driven by a cultural push to reclaim indigenous heritage. [1]''' Some Brazilians who are not of Guarani descent will still have a Guarani first name. ==Aztec/Nahuatl girls’ names== #Acatl #Acaxochitl #Achcauhtli #Ahuilizitli #Amoxtli #Anacaona #Atl #Atototl #Atotoztli #Ayauhcihuatl #Azcalxochizin #Cacamacihuatzin #Cacauaxochitl #Calli #Centehua #Centeotl #Centocihuatl #Chalchiuhtlicue #Chalchiuitl #Chalchiutinenetzin #Chantico #Chicahua #Chicomecoatl #Chihuacoatl #Chimalman #Chipahua #Cihuaton #Cipactli #Citlali #Citlalli #Citlalmina #Coatl #Coaxoch #Coszcatl #Cozamalotl #Cualli #Cuauhtli #Cuetlaxochitl #Cuetzpallin #Cuicatl #Cuitlaxaochitzin #Ehecatl #Eloxochitl #Etalpalli #Eztli #Huitzilxochtzin #Huixtocihuatl #Ichpochton #Ichtaca #Icnoyotl #Iczoxochitl #Ihuicatl #Ilancueitl #Ilhuitl #Itotia #Ixcatzin #Ixtli #Izquixochitl #Malinal #Malinalli #Malinalxochitl #Malinche #Malintzin #Manauia #Matlacihuatl #Mazatl #Mecatl #Metztli #Metztli #Miahuaxiuitl #Michtlantecahuatl #Miquiztli #Miyahuaxiuhtzin #Miyaoaxochitl #Nahuatl #Necahual #Nelli #Nenetl #Nochtli #Nopalxochitl #Ocelot #Ohtli #Ollacatl #Ollin #Omecihuatl #Omixochitl #Papantzin #Patli #Quauhxochitl #Quetzalli #Quetzalpetlatl #Quetzalxochitl #Quiahuitl #Quiauhxochitl #Tacapantzin #Tecapan #Tecolotl #Tecuelhuatzin #Tecuichpo #Teicuih - younger sister #Teiztlacahua #Tenoch #Teocali #Teotalco #Tepin - older sister #Teuicui - younger sister #Teyauh #Teyacapan - firstborn #Tiacapan #Tiacapantzin #Tlacahuepan #Tlachinolli #Tlaco - middle child #Tlacoehua - second born #Tlacoxochitl #Tlalli #Tlazolteotl #Tlexictli #Tlillocapantin #Tochtli #Toltecatl #Tonacacihual #Tonantzin #Uacalxochitl #Xihuitl #Xilonen #Xilotl #Xiloxoch #Xiloxochitl #Xipil #Xiuhcoatl #Xochiquetzal #Xochitl #Xoco - last born #Xoyocotl #Xuchimatzatzin #Yaotl #Yayauhqui #Yolihuani #Yolotli #Yoltzin #Zeltzin #Zitlali #Zytlali ==Aztec/Nahuatl boys’ names== #Acacitli #Acamapichtli #Acampichtli #Achcauhtli #Achitometl #Acolmixtli #Acxotecatl #Ahcamba #Ahexotl #Ahuaxpitzatzin #Ahuiliztli #Amoxtli #Apanacatl #Atl #Atlan-Tonnan #Atlixcatzin #Atonal #Atzauatzin #Axayaca #Axayacatl #Axoacatzin #Axolohua #Axoquentzin #Cacama #Cacamatzin #Camaxtli #Cenyaotl #Chalchiahtlicue #Chicahua #Chichimecatecle #Chicomecoatl #Chihuaquequenotzin #Chimalli #Chimalpahin #Chimalpopoca #Chipahua #Citlacoatl #Citlalli #Coanacoch #Coanocochtzin #Coatl #Coatzontli #Cocozca #Colin #Copil #Coyotl #Cuahutemoc #Cualli #Cuaucoatl #Cuauhtemoc #Cuauhtlehuanitzin #Cuautemoc #Cuautlehuanitzin #Cuetlachtli #Cuilol #Cuitlauac #Etalpalli #Ezhuahuacatl #Eztli #Huemac #Huetzin #Huicton #Huitzilihuitl #Huitzilin #Huitzilopochtli #Ichtaca #Icnoyotl #Ihuicatl #Ilhuicamina #Ilhuitl #Itotia #Itzcoatl #Itzquauatzin #Itzquemitl #Itztli #Ixtli #Ixtlilxochitl #Iztahuatzin #Macuilxochitl #Mamexi #Matlalihuitl #Maxixcatzin #Maxtla #Mayeuatzin #Mazatl #Mecatl #Meconetzin #Metzli #Milintica #Moquihuix #Motecuma #Motelchiuh #Mutex #Nahuatl #Nauyotl #Necahual #Necalli #Netzahualcoyotl #Nezahualcoyotl #Nezahualpilli #Nochhuetl #Nochtli #Nopaltzin #Ocelopan #Ocuitecatl #Ohtli #Ollacatl #Opochtli #Oquitzin #Panitzin #Patli #Pimotl #Pizotzin #Pochotl #Popopoyotl #Quahcoatl #Quahtlatoa #Qualpopoca #Quauhtli #Quetzal #Quetzalcoatl #Quetzalmantzin #Quilaztli #Quimichetl #Tangaxoan #Tayauh #Tecayehuatl #Techolatlallatzin #Tecocoitzin #Tecocol #Tecuiciztecatl #Temictzin #Temilotecatl #Tenoch #Tenzacatetl #Teocalli #Teoctlamazqui #Teputzitoloc #Tetepi #Tetlahuehuequititzin #Tetlepanquetzatzin #Texcoyo #Tezcacoatl #Tezozomoc #Tilmatzin #Timas #Tizoc #Tlacaelel #Tlacahele #Tlacahuepan #Tlacateotl #Tlachinolli #Tlacochcalcatl #Tlacoteotzin #Tlaloc #Tlaltececatzin #Tlapaltecatl #Tlaquiach #Tlazopilli #Tlilpopoctazin #Tlilpotonqui #Tlotzin #Tochtli #Toltecatl #Totoquihatzin #Tototl #Tzompan #Tzontecochatzin #Xihuitl #Xilotzin #Xipil #Xipilli #Xiucaque #Xiuhcoatl #Xiuhtecuhtli #Xochipanitzin #Xochipilli #Xocoyatzin #Xolotl #Xoxopehualoc #Yaotl #Yayauhqui #Yaztachimal #Yolotli #Zincicha #Zoanacochtzin #Zolin #Zolton ==Inca/Quechua girls’ names== Inca girls’ names consisted of one or two of certain words (Aca, Anas, Anclla, Anta, Carua, Chimbo, Chimpu, Choque, Chumbi, Coca, Collque, Cuillor, Cura, Curi, Cusi, Huaco, Huarcay, Inguill, Mama, Marca, Maxi, Ocllo, Pinca, Polan, Quilaco, Quispe, Rimay, Runtu, Sisa, Siza, Suyo, Urma). Some examples: Chimpu, Maxi-Coca, Chimbo-Aca, Marca-Chimbo, Inguill, Quispe-Cusi and Siza-Ocllo. ==Inca/Quechua boys’ names== #Anquimarca #Anta-Accla #Apo #Apu #Atahualpa #Atoc #Atoc-Sopa #Atoc-Suqui #Auqui-Huaman #Canchari #Capac-Tupac #Cariapata #Cayo-Topa #Chalcuchima #Challco #Chiaquitinta #Chiguan-Topa #Chilche #Chunchos #Colla-Topa #Condorcanqui #Coyllas #Curi-Paucar #Curiatao #Cusi #Cusichaca #Guacra #Guaman-Poma #Guaritito #Guaritopa #Huachuri #Hualpa #Huaman #Huaritico #Huascar #Huayna-Capac #Huaypalcon #Illa #Illaquita #Inquill #Ispaca #Llicllic #Luyes #Maila #Manco #Maras #Marcavilca #Mayta #Ninan-Cuyuchi #Ninancoro #Orco-Varanca #Ozcoc #Pachacuti #Parinango #Pascac #Paucar #Paullu #Pomacapi #Pomaguala #Puma #Pumi-Sopa #Pusca #Puyu-Vilca #Rumiñahui #Quilaco #Quillis-Sacha #Quingallumbo #Quintiraura #Quispe-Titu #Quispe-Tupac #Quisquis #Quizo #Rimac #Roca #Ronpa #Sahuaraura #Sayri-Tupac #Sotaurco #Sullca-Yanac #Surandaman #Taipi #Tanqui #Taraque #Tiso #Titu-Atauchi #Titu-Cusi #Torinaseo #Tucuycuyche #Tupac #Tupac-Amaru #Tupac-Hualpa #Usca-Curiatao #Villac-Umu #Yamqui-Mayta #Yuncailo #Yupanqui #Zambiza #Zopahua #Zope ==Inca titles== #Aclla -- woman chosen for royal service #Auqui -- prince #Coya -- principal wife/sister queen #Mamacona -- mother/chosen woman #Nusta -- princess #Palla -- noble lady #Tupac -- royal #Yupanqui -- honored ==Mayan girls’ names== #Ah-Kin #Ahau-Xoc #Ahpo-Hel #Ahpo-Katun #Akna-Montes #Balam #Balam-Ix #Caha-Paluma #Cakixa #Chac-Xib-Chax #Choima #Colel-Cab #Hun-Colel #Itzam #Itzel #Ixchab #Ixchel #Ixchelle #Ixchup #Ixkuknab #Ixkuknob #Ixmucane #Ixtab #Kan-Le-Ox #Kanal-Ikal #Kayan-Kuk #Kitza #Koh #Kuknob #Malinali #Matactin #Meztli #Nhutalu #Nuk #Pacal #Quibock-Nicte #Tactani #Takal-Tun #Te-Xoc #Ton-Ahau #Ton-Multun-Kul-Na #Tu-Kul-Tok #Tzununiha #Tzytzyan #Wac-Chan-Ahau #Wac-Chanil-Ahau #Wac-Tun #Xela #Xibalbá (Hell) #Xmucane #Xob #Xoc #Xquiq #Xtacunabilxunan #Ysalane #Zacal-Noh #Zac-Kuk ==Mayan boys’ names== #Ac-Kan #Ah-Ahuoal #Ahau-Uinic #Ah-Kinchil #Ah-Mac-In #Ah-Nab-Pacal #Ahpo-Balamm #Ahpop-Achi #Ah-Tzib #Atlacatl #Bol #Butz-Chan #Cauac #Chaacal #Chaan-Muan #Chac #Chan #Chan-Yat #Chiam #Cit-Chac-Coh #Coh #Cu-Ix #Ek-Chuah #Ha #Hun-Ahau #Hun-Kak #Hunahpu #Itzamna #Kak-Ne-Xoc #Kan #Kan-Xul #K’ayum #K’in #Kinich-Ahau #Kukulkan #Manik #Mochcouoh #Nachancal #Naum-Pat #Nuxib #Ox-Ha-Te #Pacal-Tzele #Tactani #Ta-Tzek #Tek #Ti-Kan-Toc #Topec #Vakaki #Xbalanque #Xbaquiyalo #Xipe-Topec #Xix-Chan #Xpiacoc #Xulu #Xun #Yax-Pac #Yax-Tul #Yum-Kaax #Zac-Balam ==Mayan calendar names== Highland Mayans were often named after the day or month they were born. ===The Tzolkin calendar (days of the month)=== #0 Ahau #1 Imix #2 Ik #3 Akbal #4 Kan #5 Chicchan #6 Cimi #7 Manik #8 Lamat #9 Muluc #10 Oc #11 Chuen #12 Eb #13 Ben #14 Ix #15 Men #16 Cib #17 Caban #18 Etznab #19 Caunac ===The Haab calendar (months of the year)=== #1 Pop #2 Uo #3 Zip #4 Zotz #5 Tzec #6 Xul #7 Yaxkin #8 Mol #9 Chen #10 Yax #11 Zac #12 Ceh #13 Mac #14 Kankin #15 Muan #16 Pax #17 Kayab #18 Cumku ==Tupi/Guarani girls’ names== #Anahei #Anahí #Annahi #Araci #Aracy #Bartira #Bartyra #Ceci #Cycy #Guacimara #Guacira #Guaraciaba #Iara #Iracema #Irasema #Iuna #Jaci #Janaína #Jasy #Juci #Kauane #Maíra #Moara #Poti #Potira #Tainá #Uiara #Yaci #Yara #Yeruti ==Tupi/Guarani boys’ names== #Ajuricaba #Araken #Ararigbóia #Cauã #Caubi #Cauê #Cosme #Jaci #Jacy #Moacir #Peri #Pery #Piatã #Pinon #Raini #Rudá #Tabare #Ubirajara #Ubiratã #Urubatan #Yamandú ==Zuñi surnames== Some Zuñi have Hispanic surnames. #Bobelu #Bowanie #Bowekaty #Cooeyate #Eriacho #Halona #Laselute #Lesarlley #Nastacio #Natewa #Ondulacy #Panteah #Qwetawki #Tsethlikai #Wyaco #Zuni ==Aztec/Nahuatl surnames== #Aca #Acuca #Atlatenco #Ciauiuinti #Coatl #Cocolotl #Colexcua #Coyote #Coyotl #Cuacuas #Cuahuey #Cuatzo #Cuauhtle #Cuauhtli #Cuautlaxahue #Cuautle #Cuautli #Cuaxiloa #Huante #Hueytletl #Huitle #Huixtlaca #Icnoyotl #Itzcotecatl #Izcoatl #Izmoyotl #Matlacuahuac #Michuai #Moctezuma #Montezuma #Ocotoxtle #Quechol #Tecaxco #Tecpanecatl #Tecuapetla #Tecuatl #Tenahua #Tenochtitlan #Tentle #Tepetl #Tepeyahuitl #Tlachi #Tlacuchcalcatl #Tlatehui #Tlatelolco #Tlatilpa #Tletla #Tochimani #Tome #Tonal #Tototzintle #Toxtle #Tzili #Tzone #Tzonen #Xaxalpa #Xicale #Xicotencatl #Zacatzontetl #Zacatzontle #Zapotitla ==Inca/Quechua surnames== #Achachau #Alca #Allauca #Allcca #Allccarima #Alqa #Amary #Anhuaman #Aucapuca #Auquitayasi #Cahua #Caipa #Callanaupa #Cancha #Canchon #Carhuanina #Carihuasari #Ccahua #Ccahuantico #Ccarhuarupay #Ccari #Ccasani #Ccolque #Ccora #Chakana #Chambi #Champi #Chanca #Chanka #Chaupin #Chawpin #Chillitupa #Chipana #Choque #Chum #Chuquimango #Chuquipoma #Cocha #Colca #Colquehuanca #Condor #Condori #Curichimba #Cusi #Cusipuma #Cuya #Guaman #Guanuna #Huaccha #Huachalla #Hualla #Huaman #Huamanchagua #Huamancuri #Huamanga #Huamani #Huanca #Huancachuri #Huaricancha #Huayhua #Huayta #Humahuaca #Humala #Huyhua #Inka #Jaillita #Kancha #Kuntur #Kusi #Llactahuaman #Llancay #Lloque #Macavilca #Malqui #Mallqui #Mallma #Mamani #Manco #Maygua #Mayhuasca #Michi #Motocanchi #Naccha #Nahuis #Nana #Naupari #Nina #Ninahuaman #Olaya #Orccosupa #Pachari #Pachacutec #Pari #Paricahua #Paucar #Paucarchuco #Pillihuaman #Pillpe #Pinchi #Pinto #Polloqueri #Poma #Pumacaja #Pumacallao #Pumasupa #Qelka #Qhawa #Quelka #Quichca #Quillahuaman #Quispe #Quisuyupanqui #Rimayhuaman #Roca #Sayritupac #Sihui #Sinchi #Soncco #Sulca #Surichaqui #Ticahuanca #Ticllacuri #Ticona #Tupa #Tupac #Ucharima #Uchuypoma #Usucachi #Vilca #Yacupaico #Yupanqui ==Mayan surnames== #Ac #Au #Baas #Bacab #Bak #Balam #Batun #Caamal #Cab #Camal #Can #Canche #Canek #Canul #Catzim #Cauich #Ceh #Cen #Cetz #Cex #Chable #Chac #Chale #Chan #Cay #Che #Chhel #Chi #Chim #Chu #Chuc #Cime #Cob #Cocom #Coh #Cool #Couoh #Cu #Cupul #Cutz #Dzab #Dzal #Dzib #Dzul #Ek #Euan #Hau #Hiz #Huchim #Iz #Kantun #Katu #Keb #Kej #Ku #Kutz #Kuyoc #Maaz #Maty #May #Maz #Mex #Miis #Moh #Mucuy #Na #Nabte #Nah #Nayal #Noh #Nuch #Och #Pacab #Pat #Pech #Peech #Pol #Poot #Pot #Puc #Puch #Tah #Tamay #Tul #Tun #Tuz #Tzab #Tzama #Tzek #Uc #Ucan #Uicab #Uitz #Uxul #Witzil #Xiu #Xol #Xool #Yah #Yam #Yoc {{BookCat}} 9t6f1f0bb4afzh6v6ztghf0r2a2xeyz 4673512 4673511 2026-10-01T18:10:24Z MissHoneyDoll 3627358 4673512 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Usage note== The native tribes of the America have been ravaged by the colonizing natives of Spain and Portugal, so a person with Aztec, Inca or Mayan ancestry may not have a first name from these civilizations. Likely they will use a Spanish first name. Similarly, the majority of people with Aztec ancestry will use a Spanish surname rather than a Nahuatl one. The Quechua and Mayans are more likely to keep indigenous surnames. '''NOTE: There is <mark>a slow and meaningful resurgence of Aztec (Nahuatl), Mayan, and Incan (Quechuan) names is happening across Latin America and in diaspora communities</mark>, driven by a cultural push to reclaim indigenous heritage.''' Some Brazilians who are not of Guarani descent will still have a Guarani first name. ==Aztec/Nahuatl girls’ names== #Acatl #Acaxochitl #Achcauhtli #Ahuilizitli #Amoxtli #Anacaona #Atl #Atototl #Atotoztli #Ayauhcihuatl #Azcalxochizin #Cacamacihuatzin #Cacauaxochitl #Calli #Centehua #Centeotl #Centocihuatl #Chalchiuhtlicue #Chalchiuitl #Chalchiutinenetzin #Chantico #Chicahua #Chicomecoatl #Chihuacoatl #Chimalman #Chipahua #Cihuaton #Cipactli #Citlali #Citlalli #Citlalmina #Coatl #Coaxoch #Coszcatl #Cozamalotl #Cualli #Cuauhtli #Cuetlaxochitl #Cuetzpallin #Cuicatl #Cuitlaxaochitzin #Ehecatl #Eloxochitl #Etalpalli #Eztli #Huitzilxochtzin #Huixtocihuatl #Ichpochton #Ichtaca #Icnoyotl #Iczoxochitl #Ihuicatl #Ilancueitl #Ilhuitl #Itotia #Ixcatzin #Ixtli #Izquixochitl #Malinal #Malinalli #Malinalxochitl #Malinche #Malintzin #Manauia #Matlacihuatl #Mazatl #Mecatl #Metztli #Metztli #Miahuaxiuitl #Michtlantecahuatl #Miquiztli #Miyahuaxiuhtzin #Miyaoaxochitl #Nahuatl #Necahual #Nelli #Nenetl #Nochtli #Nopalxochitl #Ocelot #Ohtli #Ollacatl #Ollin #Omecihuatl #Omixochitl #Papantzin #Patli #Quauhxochitl #Quetzalli #Quetzalpetlatl #Quetzalxochitl #Quiahuitl #Quiauhxochitl #Tacapantzin #Tecapan #Tecolotl #Tecuelhuatzin #Tecuichpo #Teicuih - younger sister #Teiztlacahua #Tenoch #Teocali #Teotalco #Tepin - older sister #Teuicui - younger sister #Teyauh #Teyacapan - firstborn #Tiacapan #Tiacapantzin #Tlacahuepan #Tlachinolli #Tlaco - middle child #Tlacoehua - second born #Tlacoxochitl #Tlalli #Tlazolteotl #Tlexictli #Tlillocapantin #Tochtli #Toltecatl #Tonacacihual #Tonantzin #Uacalxochitl #Xihuitl #Xilonen #Xilotl #Xiloxoch #Xiloxochitl #Xipil #Xiuhcoatl #Xochiquetzal #Xochitl #Xoco - last born #Xoyocotl #Xuchimatzatzin #Yaotl #Yayauhqui #Yolihuani #Yolotli #Yoltzin #Zeltzin #Zitlali #Zytlali ==Aztec/Nahuatl boys’ names== #Acacitli #Acamapichtli #Acampichtli #Achcauhtli #Achitometl #Acolmixtli #Acxotecatl #Ahcamba #Ahexotl #Ahuaxpitzatzin #Ahuiliztli #Amoxtli #Apanacatl #Atl #Atlan-Tonnan #Atlixcatzin #Atonal #Atzauatzin #Axayaca #Axayacatl #Axoacatzin #Axolohua #Axoquentzin #Cacama #Cacamatzin #Camaxtli #Cenyaotl #Chalchiahtlicue #Chicahua #Chichimecatecle #Chicomecoatl #Chihuaquequenotzin #Chimalli #Chimalpahin #Chimalpopoca #Chipahua #Citlacoatl #Citlalli #Coanacoch #Coanocochtzin #Coatl #Coatzontli #Cocozca #Colin #Copil #Coyotl #Cuahutemoc #Cualli #Cuaucoatl #Cuauhtemoc #Cuauhtlehuanitzin #Cuautemoc #Cuautlehuanitzin #Cuetlachtli #Cuilol #Cuitlauac #Etalpalli #Ezhuahuacatl #Eztli #Huemac #Huetzin #Huicton #Huitzilihuitl #Huitzilin #Huitzilopochtli #Ichtaca #Icnoyotl #Ihuicatl #Ilhuicamina #Ilhuitl #Itotia #Itzcoatl #Itzquauatzin #Itzquemitl #Itztli #Ixtli #Ixtlilxochitl #Iztahuatzin #Macuilxochitl #Mamexi #Matlalihuitl #Maxixcatzin #Maxtla #Mayeuatzin #Mazatl #Mecatl #Meconetzin #Metzli #Milintica #Moquihuix #Motecuma #Motelchiuh #Mutex #Nahuatl #Nauyotl #Necahual #Necalli #Netzahualcoyotl #Nezahualcoyotl #Nezahualpilli #Nochhuetl #Nochtli #Nopaltzin #Ocelopan #Ocuitecatl #Ohtli #Ollacatl #Opochtli #Oquitzin #Panitzin #Patli #Pimotl #Pizotzin #Pochotl #Popopoyotl #Quahcoatl #Quahtlatoa #Qualpopoca #Quauhtli #Quetzal #Quetzalcoatl #Quetzalmantzin #Quilaztli #Quimichetl #Tangaxoan #Tayauh #Tecayehuatl #Techolatlallatzin #Tecocoitzin #Tecocol #Tecuiciztecatl #Temictzin #Temilotecatl #Tenoch #Tenzacatetl #Teocalli #Teoctlamazqui #Teputzitoloc #Tetepi #Tetlahuehuequititzin #Tetlepanquetzatzin #Texcoyo #Tezcacoatl #Tezozomoc #Tilmatzin #Timas #Tizoc #Tlacaelel #Tlacahele #Tlacahuepan #Tlacateotl #Tlachinolli #Tlacochcalcatl #Tlacoteotzin #Tlaloc #Tlaltececatzin #Tlapaltecatl #Tlaquiach #Tlazopilli #Tlilpopoctazin #Tlilpotonqui #Tlotzin #Tochtli #Toltecatl #Totoquihatzin #Tototl #Tzompan #Tzontecochatzin #Xihuitl #Xilotzin #Xipil #Xipilli #Xiucaque #Xiuhcoatl #Xiuhtecuhtli #Xochipanitzin #Xochipilli #Xocoyatzin #Xolotl #Xoxopehualoc #Yaotl #Yayauhqui #Yaztachimal #Yolotli #Zincicha #Zoanacochtzin #Zolin #Zolton ==Inca/Quechua girls’ names== Inca girls’ names consisted of one or two of certain words (Aca, Anas, Anclla, Anta, Carua, Chimbo, Chimpu, Choque, Chumbi, Coca, Collque, Cuillor, Cura, Curi, Cusi, Huaco, Huarcay, Inguill, Mama, Marca, Maxi, Ocllo, Pinca, Polan, Quilaco, Quispe, Rimay, Runtu, Sisa, Siza, Suyo, Urma). Some examples: Chimpu, Maxi-Coca, Chimbo-Aca, Marca-Chimbo, Inguill, Quispe-Cusi and Siza-Ocllo. ==Inca/Quechua boys’ names== #Anquimarca #Anta-Accla #Apo #Apu #Atahualpa #Atoc #Atoc-Sopa #Atoc-Suqui #Auqui-Huaman #Canchari #Capac-Tupac #Cariapata #Cayo-Topa #Chalcuchima #Challco #Chiaquitinta #Chiguan-Topa #Chilche #Chunchos #Colla-Topa #Condorcanqui #Coyllas #Curi-Paucar #Curiatao #Cusi #Cusichaca #Guacra #Guaman-Poma #Guaritito #Guaritopa #Huachuri #Hualpa #Huaman #Huaritico #Huascar #Huayna-Capac #Huaypalcon #Illa #Illaquita #Inquill #Ispaca #Llicllic #Luyes #Maila #Manco #Maras #Marcavilca #Mayta #Ninan-Cuyuchi #Ninancoro #Orco-Varanca #Ozcoc #Pachacuti #Parinango #Pascac #Paucar #Paullu #Pomacapi #Pomaguala #Puma #Pumi-Sopa #Pusca #Puyu-Vilca #Rumiñahui #Quilaco #Quillis-Sacha #Quingallumbo #Quintiraura #Quispe-Titu #Quispe-Tupac #Quisquis #Quizo #Rimac #Roca #Ronpa #Sahuaraura #Sayri-Tupac #Sotaurco #Sullca-Yanac #Surandaman #Taipi #Tanqui #Taraque #Tiso #Titu-Atauchi #Titu-Cusi #Torinaseo #Tucuycuyche #Tupac #Tupac-Amaru #Tupac-Hualpa #Usca-Curiatao #Villac-Umu #Yamqui-Mayta #Yuncailo #Yupanqui #Zambiza #Zopahua #Zope ==Inca titles== #Aclla -- woman chosen for royal service #Auqui -- prince #Coya -- principal wife/sister queen #Mamacona -- mother/chosen woman #Nusta -- princess #Palla -- noble lady #Tupac -- royal #Yupanqui -- honored ==Mayan girls’ names== #Ah-Kin #Ahau-Xoc #Ahpo-Hel #Ahpo-Katun #Akna-Montes #Balam #Balam-Ix #Caha-Paluma #Cakixa #Chac-Xib-Chax #Choima #Colel-Cab #Hun-Colel #Itzam #Itzel #Ixchab #Ixchel #Ixchelle #Ixchup #Ixkuknab #Ixkuknob #Ixmucane #Ixtab #Kan-Le-Ox #Kanal-Ikal #Kayan-Kuk #Kitza #Koh #Kuknob #Malinali #Matactin #Meztli #Nhutalu #Nuk #Pacal #Quibock-Nicte #Tactani #Takal-Tun #Te-Xoc #Ton-Ahau #Ton-Multun-Kul-Na #Tu-Kul-Tok #Tzununiha #Tzytzyan #Wac-Chan-Ahau #Wac-Chanil-Ahau #Wac-Tun #Xela #Xibalbá (Hell) #Xmucane #Xob #Xoc #Xquiq #Xtacunabilxunan #Ysalane #Zacal-Noh #Zac-Kuk ==Mayan boys’ names== #Ac-Kan #Ah-Ahuoal #Ahau-Uinic #Ah-Kinchil #Ah-Mac-In #Ah-Nab-Pacal #Ahpo-Balamm #Ahpop-Achi #Ah-Tzib #Atlacatl #Bol #Butz-Chan #Cauac #Chaacal #Chaan-Muan #Chac #Chan #Chan-Yat #Chiam #Cit-Chac-Coh #Coh #Cu-Ix #Ek-Chuah #Ha #Hun-Ahau #Hun-Kak #Hunahpu #Itzamna #Kak-Ne-Xoc #Kan #Kan-Xul #K’ayum #K’in #Kinich-Ahau #Kukulkan #Manik #Mochcouoh #Nachancal #Naum-Pat #Nuxib #Ox-Ha-Te #Pacal-Tzele #Tactani #Ta-Tzek #Tek #Ti-Kan-Toc #Topec #Vakaki #Xbalanque #Xbaquiyalo #Xipe-Topec #Xix-Chan #Xpiacoc #Xulu #Xun #Yax-Pac #Yax-Tul #Yum-Kaax #Zac-Balam ==Mayan calendar names== Highland Mayans were often named after the day or month they were born. ===The Tzolkin calendar (days of the month)=== #0 Ahau #1 Imix #2 Ik #3 Akbal #4 Kan #5 Chicchan #6 Cimi #7 Manik #8 Lamat #9 Muluc #10 Oc #11 Chuen #12 Eb #13 Ben #14 Ix #15 Men #16 Cib #17 Caban #18 Etznab #19 Caunac ===The Haab calendar (months of the year)=== #1 Pop #2 Uo #3 Zip #4 Zotz #5 Tzec #6 Xul #7 Yaxkin #8 Mol #9 Chen #10 Yax #11 Zac #12 Ceh #13 Mac #14 Kankin #15 Muan #16 Pax #17 Kayab #18 Cumku ==Tupi/Guarani girls’ names== #Anahei #Anahí #Annahi #Araci #Aracy #Bartira #Bartyra #Ceci #Cycy #Guacimara #Guacira #Guaraciaba #Iara #Iracema #Irasema #Iuna #Jaci #Janaína #Jasy #Juci #Kauane #Maíra #Moara #Poti #Potira #Tainá #Uiara #Yaci #Yara #Yeruti ==Tupi/Guarani boys’ names== #Ajuricaba #Araken #Ararigbóia #Cauã #Caubi #Cauê #Cosme #Jaci #Jacy #Moacir #Peri #Pery #Piatã #Pinon #Raini #Rudá #Tabare #Ubirajara #Ubiratã #Urubatan #Yamandú ==Zuñi surnames== Some Zuñi have Hispanic surnames. #Bobelu #Bowanie #Bowekaty #Cooeyate #Eriacho #Halona #Laselute #Lesarlley #Nastacio #Natewa #Ondulacy #Panteah #Qwetawki #Tsethlikai #Wyaco #Zuni ==Aztec/Nahuatl surnames== #Aca #Acuca #Atlatenco #Ciauiuinti #Coatl #Cocolotl #Colexcua #Coyote #Coyotl #Cuacuas #Cuahuey #Cuatzo #Cuauhtle #Cuauhtli #Cuautlaxahue #Cuautle #Cuautli #Cuaxiloa #Huante #Hueytletl #Huitle #Huixtlaca #Icnoyotl #Itzcotecatl #Izcoatl #Izmoyotl #Matlacuahuac #Michuai #Moctezuma #Montezuma #Ocotoxtle #Quechol #Tecaxco #Tecpanecatl #Tecuapetla #Tecuatl #Tenahua #Tenochtitlan #Tentle #Tepetl #Tepeyahuitl #Tlachi #Tlacuchcalcatl #Tlatehui #Tlatelolco #Tlatilpa #Tletla #Tochimani #Tome #Tonal #Tototzintle #Toxtle #Tzili #Tzone #Tzonen #Xaxalpa #Xicale #Xicotencatl #Zacatzontetl #Zacatzontle #Zapotitla ==Inca/Quechua surnames== #Achachau #Alca #Allauca #Allcca #Allccarima #Alqa #Amary #Anhuaman #Aucapuca #Auquitayasi #Cahua #Caipa #Callanaupa #Cancha #Canchon #Carhuanina #Carihuasari #Ccahua #Ccahuantico #Ccarhuarupay #Ccari #Ccasani #Ccolque #Ccora #Chakana #Chambi #Champi #Chanca #Chanka #Chaupin #Chawpin #Chillitupa #Chipana #Choque #Chum #Chuquimango #Chuquipoma #Cocha #Colca #Colquehuanca #Condor #Condori #Curichimba #Cusi #Cusipuma #Cuya #Guaman #Guanuna #Huaccha #Huachalla #Hualla #Huaman #Huamanchagua #Huamancuri #Huamanga #Huamani #Huanca #Huancachuri #Huaricancha #Huayhua #Huayta #Humahuaca #Humala #Huyhua #Inka #Jaillita #Kancha #Kuntur #Kusi #Llactahuaman #Llancay #Lloque #Macavilca #Malqui #Mallqui #Mallma #Mamani #Manco #Maygua #Mayhuasca #Michi #Motocanchi #Naccha #Nahuis #Nana #Naupari #Nina #Ninahuaman #Olaya #Orccosupa #Pachari #Pachacutec #Pari #Paricahua #Paucar #Paucarchuco #Pillihuaman #Pillpe #Pinchi #Pinto #Polloqueri #Poma #Pumacaja #Pumacallao #Pumasupa #Qelka #Qhawa #Quelka #Quichca #Quillahuaman #Quispe #Quisuyupanqui #Rimayhuaman #Roca #Sayritupac #Sihui #Sinchi #Soncco #Sulca #Surichaqui #Ticahuanca #Ticllacuri #Ticona #Tupa #Tupac #Ucharima #Uchuypoma #Usucachi #Vilca #Yacupaico #Yupanqui ==Mayan surnames== #Ac #Au #Baas #Bacab #Bak #Balam #Batun #Caamal #Cab #Camal #Can #Canche #Canek #Canul #Catzim #Cauich #Ceh #Cen #Cetz #Cex #Chable #Chac #Chale #Chan #Cay #Che #Chhel #Chi #Chim #Chu #Chuc #Cime #Cob #Cocom #Coh #Cool #Couoh #Cu #Cupul #Cutz #Dzab #Dzal #Dzib #Dzul #Ek #Euan #Hau #Hiz #Huchim #Iz #Kantun #Katu #Keb #Kej #Ku #Kutz #Kuyoc #Maaz #Maty #May #Maz #Mex #Miis #Moh #Mucuy #Na #Nabte #Nah #Nayal #Noh #Nuch #Och #Pacab #Pat #Pech #Peech #Pol #Poot #Pot #Puc #Puch #Tah #Tamay #Tul #Tun #Tuz #Tzab #Tzama #Tzek #Uc #Ucan #Uicab #Uitz #Uxul #Witzil #Xiu #Xol #Xool #Yah #Yam #Yoc {{BookCat}} ko1h71umqcz2emfljmrcarn1fbhur3u 0 384060 4673544 4672791 2026-10-01T22:54:19Z PeterEasthope 660399 /* News Reader in Oberon */ Added a few helpful details. 4673544 wikitext text/x-wiki __TOC__ {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = Linz Oberon, V4 | next = V5 }} <br> == Links == [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon Gitlab at ETHZ]<br> <!-- [http://cas.inf.ethz.ch/projects/a2/repository/show/trunk/ocp/Documentation Documentation at ETHZ] --> == Tested Instances == [[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#A2|A2]] can be installed and used on a bare [[w:IBM_PC_compatible|PC]]. That includes desktop and laptop machines obsolete for commercial operating systems. A2 can also be a subsystem in an [[w:ARM_architecture_family|ARM]], [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] or [[w:Unix-like|Unix-like]] system. {| class="wikitable" |+ |- ! style="width: 12em" | Host System ! style="width: 12em" | Subsystem ! Notes |- | [[w:OLPC_XO#Software|OLPC 13.2.11]] on XO-1.5 || [http://user.informatik.uni-bremen.de/fld/UnixAos/ LinuxA2 rev.7355] || Outdated SSL/TLS in OLPC 13.2.11 prevented connection to Wikipedia. |- | [https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases Debian 11] on a generic PC || [http://user.informatik.uni-bremen.de/fld/UnixAos/ LinuxA2 rev.9779] || |- | [https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases Debian 12] on a generic PC || [[Oberon/A2#The_A2_Repositories|LinuxA2 Generic,<br>64-bit, Apr 19 2023]] | Oberon keyboard input bug, [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/issues/141 Issue 141]. Retrieve and compile [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/-/project/23928/uploads/5b412cf39e8049b6bd2407670ce6599a/MyUnix.KbdMouse.Mod MyUnix.KbdMouse.Mod]. <F12> disables HotKeys to allow Oberon keyboard functionality. If <Backspace> key doesn't work, try <Delete>. |- | [https://easyos.org EasyOS 7.4.2] | [[Oberon/A2#The_A2_Repositories|LinuxA2 Generic,<br>64-bit, Jun 27 2026]] | At 2026.06.27 EasyOS is available for the 64 bit PC; not the 32 bit PC. Also apply MyUnix.KbdMouse.Mod as noted above. |} == Installing and Running UnixAOS == The original instructions<ref name="Git"/> for installing UnixAOS are in [http://user.informatik.uni-bremen.de/fld/UnixAos/Readme.txt http://user.informatik.uni-bremen.de/fld/UnixAos/Readme.txt]. Installation files are available from [http://user.informatik.uni-bremen.de/fld/UnixAos/ http://user.informatik.uni-bremen.de/fld/UnixAos/]. [[File:LinuxA2Gen32bit.rev.9527.png|thumb|The display of freshly installed LinuxAos Generic 32-bit, rev.9527.]] The shell script installer assumes existence of a sys group in the host. For systems lacking this group, the script is easily adapted. For example, the line, chgrp -R sys ${aosdir} can be changed to this. chgrp -R bin ${aosdir} The UnixAOS working directory can have an [[w:Ext2|ext2]] or [[w:File_Allocation_Table|FAT]] filesystem on a removable flash store. ===Revisions Prior to 10272=== The default directory for the system is /usr/aos. By default, install.UnixAos installs start script /usr/bin/aos. The aos script adjusts the operating system environment before starting aos.{solaris,linux,darwin}. As noted in [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos/Readme.txt Readme.txt], UnixAos can be started with these two commands.<ref name="linePrefix"/> [[w:Cd_(command)|cd]] <myWorkingDirectory> aos <myWorkingDirectory> must be replaced with a specific directory name. ===Revision 10272=== The default directory for the system is /usr/local/A2 and the default start script is /usr/local/bin/a2. A2 can be started with these commands. [[w:Cd_(command)|cd]] <myWorkingDirectory> a2 As for earlier releases, <myWorkingDirectory> represents a specific directory name. ==User and Machine Specific Configuration of UnixAOS== UnixAos is configured by [[Oberon/A2#Module_Sources,_Tools_and_Configuration_Texts|Configuration.XML]]. The Oberon subsystem is configured by [[Oberon/A2#Module_Sources,_Tools_and_Configuration_Texts|Oberon.Text]]; refer to the [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon#System_Configuration|ETH Oberon page]] and the original [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/betadocu|betadocu]] page. [[File:WaylandWestonA2.jpg|thumb|440px|[[w:Firefox|Firefox]] and A2 with [[w:Weston_(software)|Weston and XWayland]] on a [[w:Debian|Debian]] 10 system with twin screens.]] If the working directory is on a removable store, the [[Oberon/A2/myaos|myaos]] [[w:Shell script|script]] allows the storage device to be used in multiple machines with differing configurations. When the store is not already mounted, [[w:Fsck|e2fsck]] is applied as a precaution.<ref name="filesystemCheck"/> In case the filesystem has been corrupted, e2fsck will usually complete repairs. A reasonable location for the myaos script is the home directory of the user. For each host, create in the working directory, files {{nowrap|Configuration.<host>.XML}}. To use the Oberon subsystem, create {{nowrap|Oberon.<host>.Text}}. This can be done by copying the installed files and editing the copies. For example, a host named blunder requires {{nowrap|Configuration.blunder.XML}} for A2 and {{nowrap|Oberon.blunder.Text}} for the Oberon subsystem. The XML file contains ASCII text and can be edited with [[w:Geany|Geany]], [[w:Gedit|gedit]] or [[w:Mousepad|mousepad]] in Linux or with Edit > Text in A2. The installed Oberon.Text contains some binary information.<ref name="Text"/> In ETH Oberon it would usually be edited with Edit or ET. Nevertheless plain text will also work. After storing Oberon.Text with ET.StoreChar, it can be edited with Mousepad or Gedit in Linux, with Notepad in MS Windows and with Atom in MacOS. This can resolve the difficulty of a file name, {{nowrap|Oberon.<Host>.Text}}, exceeding the 32 character limit of the Oberon system. myaos or mya2 copies {{nowrap|Configuration.blunder.XML}} to {{nowrap|Configuration.XML}} and {{nowrap|Oberon.blunder.Text}} to {{nowrap|Oberon.Text}} before starting UnixAos. ==The A2 Repositories== [[File:ETHZgitlabOberon.jpg|thumb|Screenshot of the home page for A2 in Gitlab at ETHZ.]] The original repository for sources and executables for several platforms was [[w:Apache_Subversion|Apache Subversion]] (SVN) based. The contemporary [[w:Git|Git]] based [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon repository] began with files from SVN revision 10270. While the Git archive is current, the [[Oberon/SVN|notes for SVN]] remain available. The repository provides the latest version and allows ongoing updates. From the viewpoint of a user, the method is based upon a local copy of the repository. The local copy is created by cloning from [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon ETHZ]. WIthin the local copy, an A2 executable can be built for a targeted platform including a bare PC. Executables in subdirectories for Windows, Linux (Intel 32 and 64 bit) and ARM are available. The repository will occupy 0.5+&#160;GB depending upon inclusion of executables. <p id="account">An ETHZ affiliate can obtain a [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch D-INFK GitLab] account. Otherwise a [https://github.com/signup?source=login Github] account.</p> ===Git in a Unix-like System=== [[File:Git operations.svg|thumb|Git operations. For details, follow the links in the text.]] The [[w:Git|Wikipedia article]] provides a useful overview. [https://git-scm.com/doc Official documentation] is available as a [https://git-scm.com/docs Reference Manual], comprising manual pages, and the [https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2 Pro Git] book. [https://git-lfs.com/ git-lfs is documented] separately. Each Linux has an installation procedure for Git with the various procedures [https://git-scm.com/download/linux summarized in the Git Web site]. Release specific information is also available. For Debian Linux, refer to the [https://wiki.debian.org/UsingGit UsingGit] wiki page. If apt is available these commands suffice. # apt install git # apt install git-lfs The name of the repository directory is arbitrary. "A2" serves for this example. Check that the intended directory is non-existent, # ls -ld A2 ls: cannot access 'A2': No such file or directory or empty. # ls -ld A2/* ls: cannot access 'A2/*': No such file or directory Log in to a [[#account|D-INFK GitLab account or a github account]]. Create the local repository. # [https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone git clone] https&#58;//gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon.git A2 Update the local repository from the origin, main branch. # cd A2 # [https://git-scm.com/docs/git-pull git pull] origin main Check the commit hash. # git show | head -n 1 commit f62a9d95e8b5df1869888252c50f9ef6a17e137a The next revision will change the hash. In MS Windows check what you have. # dir /ad * AosVM LanguageReport Linux32 source UnixAos Win64 ARM license.txt Linux64 tools Win32 WinAos In Linux check what you have. # ls -d * AosVM LanguageReport Linux32 source UnixAos Win64 ARM license.txt Linux64 tools Win32 WinAos Use git-lfs to track some zip archives. # git lfs track "Linux*.zip" # git add .gitattributes Check which large files are tracked. # git lfs track Listing tracked patterns ARM/ARM.A2/*.bin (ARM/ARM.A2/.gitattributes) Linux32.zip (.gitattributes) Linux64.zip (.gitattributes) LinuxARM.zip (.gitattributes) Win32.zip (.gitattributes) Win64.zip (.gitattributes) *.bin (.gitattributes) Linux*.zip (.gitattributes) Listing excluded patterns Retrieve a specific archive file. # git lfs fetch Linux64.zip fetch: Fetching reference refs/heads/main Verify existence of the zip archive. # ls -ld Linux64* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23712521 Dec 5 09:19 Linux64.zip Unzip. # unzip Linux64 Archive: Linux64.zip creating: Linux64/ creating: Linux64/work/ inflating: Linux64/oberon.ini creating: Linux64/bin/ inflating: Linux64/Kernel.GofU inflating: Linux64/OpenTypeScan.SymU inflating: ... Check the content of Linux64. # cd Linux64 # ls -ld * -rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 49 Apr 18 2023 a2.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 162 Apr 18 2023 a2.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 90112 Jan 9 20:13 bin -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 1316520 Jan 9 20:14 oberon -rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 250 Apr 18 2023 oberon.ini drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Dec 13 06:23 work bin contains more than 2000 executable files. oberon is the kernel created by Linker.Link. Execute the start script. # Linux64/a2.sh or # cd Linux64 ; ./a2.sh [[File:LinuxA2Gen.32bit.rev.9799.jpg|thumb|LinuxA2 Generic 32 bit, rev.9799 started from the Git repository.]] The content of a2.sh can be displayed by "cat&#160;a2.sh" or with an editor. The script performs two actions. "cd&#160;`dirname&#160;$0`" changes to the directory where a2.sh resides; ~/A2/Linux64 for example. Then "./oberon&#160;run a2.txt" executes command "oberon" with arguments "run" and "a2.txt". a2.txt contains A2 commands and can be displayed by cat and by an editor. The first command executes commands in oberon.ini including two referring to the [[Oberon/A2#Working_Directory|working directory]]. ===Git in MS Windows=== Git is available directly from the [https://git-scm.com/download/win official Web site]. ==Compiling & Linking== Although a zip archive contains all executable files of a working system, it is recreated infrequently<ref name="zipFreshening" /><!--only when a revision of language syntax requires a revision in the compiler-->. Meanwhile ongoing work produces revised sources. To benefit from source revisions subsequent to the latest zip archive, recompile sources and link a fresh kernel. In System Menu > Files > Files, [[Oberon/Glossary#glossaryMouseButtons|LM]] on "searcher" and type "Build" in the input bar. ML or [[Oberon/Glossary#glossaryMouseButtons|MM]] twice on Builds.Tool (not Build.Tool). Read the initial remarks and scroll to the appropriate platform. LINUX32 for example. Release.Build will open a viewer containing a long Compiler.Compile command. The compiler will put object and symbol files into the directory specified by --path. The default path is NewAos/ in the A2 working directory. Adjust the path if preferred. Then [[Oberon/Glossary#glossaryMouseButtons|MM]] on Release.Build. In the new viewer, MM on System.DoCommands. Compilation can require more than a minute. After compilation, close the viewer and open Builds.Tool again. Go to "Command line shell" for the chosen platform. Again note the default path NewAos/ in the working directory. MM on "Linker.Link" to produce kernel oberon beside the path directory, from executables in the path directory. The object and symbol files in NewAos are to replace those in <platform>/bin and oberon is to replace <platform>/oberon. As a precaution, the old files can be kept. # cd .../<archive>/<platform> # mv bin bin.old # mv oberon oberon.old # cd <somewhere> # mv NewAos .../<archive>/<platform>/bin # mv oberon .../<archive>/<platform> Then try the fresh system. # . .../<archive>/<platform>/a2.sh or # cd .../<archive>/<platform> # . a2.sh If A2 comes to life, celebrate. Otherwise troubleshoot. ==Working Directory== oberon.ini has two A2 commands referring to the working directory. Files.AddSearchPath work~ ... Files.SetWorkPath work~ For a different working directory edit oberon.ini. Files.AddSearchPath /home/me/myWorkingDirectory~ ... Files.SetWorkPath /home/me/myWorkingDirectory~ Alternatively, oberon.ini can be unchanged and work can be replaced with a soft link. In the freshly installed system, work is empty. In case content has been added, move for preservation. cd <A2repository>/<hardware> ls -ld work Then, for example, either mv work /home/me/savedWork or rmdir work Then create the link. ln -s /home/me/myWorkingDirectory work ==Module Naming== ===Context and Aliasing=== In a source in A2, the distinction between the system and the Oberon subsystem is referred to as context. In Text of a source module, context is identified according to [http://cas.inf.ethz.ch/projects/a2/repository/raw/trunk/LanguageReport/OberonLanguageReport.pdf Oberon (2019) Language Report], section "5 Modules". Module := 'MODULE' [TemplateParameters] Identifier 'IN' Identifier ';' ... Within the scope of a module, the name of an imported module can be [[wikt:aliased#Verb|aliased]] with this syntax also in the section referred to above. Import = Identifier [':=' Identifier] ... [[../A2/Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod|Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod]] illustrates context and aliasing. MODULE NetSystem IN Oberon; IMPORT S := SYSTEM, IP IN A2, DNS := DNS IN A2, TCP := TCP IN A2, UDP := UDP IN A2, Texts, Oberon, Input, Fonts, Strings, Out; ===Target Systems and File Name Extensions=== Compilation, loading, linking and associated terminology is discussed in [https://people.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/pdfs/2011_UnifiedStaticDynamicLoading.pdf https://people.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/pdfs/2011_UnifiedStaticDynamicLoading.pdf]. As in all Oberon systems, the name of a file specifying a module can differ from the name of the module. These file name extensions are conventional in A2. {| class="wikitable" |+ |- ! Target System ! Generic<ref>"Generic" refers to applicability of the loader and linker to all target systems, independent of change in language and runtime system.</ref> Object File Name Extension ! Symbol File Name Extension |- | Unix, x86, 32 bit | .GofU | .SymU |- | Unix, AMD64, 64 bit | .GofUu | .SymUu |- | Windows, x86, 32 bit | .GofW | .SymW |- | Windows, AMD64, 64 bit | .GofWw | .SymWw |- | ARM, 32 bit<ref>Allowing A2 on the [[w:Raspberry_Pi|Raspberry Pi]].</ref> | .GofA | .SymA |- | ARM, 64 bit | .GofAa | .SymAa |} ===Object and Symbol File Names=== Object and symbol file names contain the context separated from the module name by a Minus-Sign. The Minus-Sign prevents use as a proper name in Oberon. Hence the object and symbol files for the Oberon System module are named Oberon-System.GofU and Oberon-System.SymU. ==Startup from the Repository== With the A2 repository in place according to the instructions above, A2 can run. Identify supported architectures. cd <somewhere>/A2/ In MS Windows. dir /ad * In Linux. ls -d * The output should be similar to this. AosVM LanguageReport Linux32 source UnixAos Win64 ARM license.txt Linux64 tools Win32 WinAos Review the startup process. In MS Windows. dir /ad Win32/* In Linux 64. ls -ld Linux64/* [[File:LinuxA2Gen32bit.2022.10.31.png|thumb|The startup display of LinuxA2, Generic, 32 bit at 2022-10-31.]] The file oberon must be executable. Execute start script. This for a 32 bit machine running MS Windows. ./Win32/a2.bat For a 64 bit machine running Linux. ./Linux64/a2.sh or cd Linux64 ; ./a2.sh A window as at the right should appear. ==User Level Applications== Various documents and applications are available via the menu at the lower left of the A2 display. Note Demos and Docu > Program Demos. === Secure Shell Console === In the target system, localhost or an external system, install a SSH server. This is one possibility. sudo apt install openssh-server In the A2 menu invoke Tools > Secure Shell. For Host specify "localhost" or "127.0.0.1" (without the quote marks) or the name or address of the external machine. Specify your user id. Click on Connect. Provide your password when prompted. === Email === A mail client using [[w:Internet_Message_Access_Protocol|IMAP]] is at Apps > MailClient. The Oberon subsystem has Mail.Panel supporting [[w:Post_Office_Protocol|POP]], POP3 and [[w:Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol|SMTP]] with [[../ETH_Oberon#Email|description and instructions for ETH Oberon]] being applicable. ===Oberon Subsystem=== [[File:XO.A2.Oberon.jpg|thumb|The Oberon subsystem in UnixAos on an [[w:OLPC_XO#Release_history|XO-1.5]].]] <!-- {{clear}} --> At the lower left of the A2 screen, menu Tools > Oberon and Develop > Oberon FullScreen allow interactive startup of an Oberon subsystem. The subsystem can also be opened with a command or commands in the Autostart section of Configuration.XML. In UnixAos, revision 4929, these lines in Configuration.XML. &#60;Section name="Autostart"> &#9;... &#9;&#60;Setting name="OberonDisplay" value="OberonDisplay.Install Oberon 1100x704 0 74 ~"/> &#9;&#60;Setting name="OberonStart" value="Oberon.Call System.Init Oberon"/> This in more recent revisions<ref name="OberonStart"/>. &#60;Section name="Autostart"> &#9;... &#9;&#60;Setting name="Start an Oberon" value="Oberon.Start Oberon 1100x704 0 74 ~"/> The dimensions, 1100x704, can be adjusted for satisfactory proportioning of text in a viewer. If the Oberon window is stretched, by grabbing the lower right corner with the mouse, the proportionality of text to viewer is preserved. Mouse usage is unusual but efficient. Definitely worth the small effort to learn. A mouse with three buttons or two buttons and a wheel is almost essential. The &#60;Esc> key is used to interrupt a task. For example it can interrupt a long running FTP.GetFiles. &#60;F1> sets the * marker. &#60;F2> clears all marks. If a mouse button is pressed unintentionally, all mouse buttons pressed together before releasing any will have no effect. Comprehensive details of mouse and keyboard input and usage are in [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/mouse|Mouse support]], [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Tutorial/Mouse|Mouse tutorial]] and [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/keyboard|Keyboard support]] pages. ===Telnet Console in Oberon=== [[w:Telnet|Telnet]] is an insecure protocol but provides a host console within the Oberon sub-system. The [[../ETH_Oberon#Telnet_Console|instructions for ETH Oberon]] are applicable in the Oberon subsystem. ===News Reader in Oberon=== [[File:OberonNews.Tool.png|thumb|A screenshot of News.Tool.]] As with mail servers, news servers now require authentication. Therefore revisions of the [[Oberon/A2/Oberon.News.Mod|NetSystem]] and [[Oberon/A2/Oberon.News.Mod|News]] modules are required. Compile the revised modules. At 2026.10.01, the News module connects to the server at [http://news.eternal-september.org news.eternal-september.org] via [[w:stunnel|stunnel]]. # tail -n 4 /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf [nntp] client = yes accept = localhost:119 connect = news.eternal-september.org:563 {{clear}} ==Text== {{:Oberon/A2/TextType}} ==Module Sources, Tools and Configuration Texts== A tiny sample of the approximately 2000 sources in A2. A contemporary [[w:Firefox|Firefox]] browser attempts to infer "Content type" from the [[w:List_of_filename_extensions|name extension]]. By default Firefox infers wrongly that source file *.Mod contains "Amiga SoundTracker audio" and fails to open it. This difficulty is resolved by adjusting the "Action" Firefox associates with "Content Type". Open [[w:hamburger menu|hamburger menu]] > Settings > General > Applications. For "Amiga SoundTracker audio" choose an editor such as /usr/bin/mousepad or /usr/bin/gedit. Most sources in A2 have been converted to [[w:Plain_text|plain ASCII text]]; some remain as [[Oberon#Oberon_Text|Oberon Text]]. Gedit will open all of these. Mousepad and several other editors will not open Oberon Text. Content type "plain text document" should also be set to the chosen editor. With these adjustments Firefox should open most of the files in the repository. In some contexts the user may fail to find a configuration of a browser to open files in the repository. In any case a browser should open the Wikibook copy. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/ ETHZ Repository] !! Wikibook<ref name="WikiSource"/> !! Notes |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/BIOS.V24.Mod BIOS.V24.Mod] | [[../A2/BIOS.V24.Mod/|BIOS.V24.Mod]] | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/BootManager.Asm BootManager.Asm] | [[../A2/BootManager.Asm/|BootManager.Asm]] | BootManager source written in Network Assembler by Andr&#233; Fischer. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/BootManager.Mod BootManager.Mod] | [[../A2/BootManager.Mod/|BootManager.Mod]] | Module containing one command Split.<ref><code>BootManager.Split BootManager.Bin</code> is executed to divide BootManager.Bin into BootManagerMBR.Bin and BootManagerTail.Bin. For additional details, refer to the [[../A2/BootManager/|instructional document]] of Andr&#233; Fischer.</ref> |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/BootManager.Text BootManager.Text] | [[../A2/BootManager/|BootManager]] | Instructional document written by Andr&#233; Fischer. In the repository and in MediaWiki representation. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/BootManager.Tool BootManager.Tool] | [[../A2/BootManager.Tool/|BootManager.Tool]] | Tool file summarizing the instructional document. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Configuration.Mod Oberon.Configuration.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | <!-- [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Configuration.XML Configuration.XML] --> | [[../A2/Configuration.XML|Configuration.XML]] | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Desktops.Mod Oberon.Desktops.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Documents.Mod Oberon.Documents.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.Documents.Mod|Oberon.Documents.Mod]] | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.ET.Mod Oberon.ET.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Files.Mod Oberon.Files.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Gadgets.Mod Oberon.Gadgets.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.Gadgets.Mod|Oberon.Gadgets.Mod]] | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.HTML.Mod Oberon.HTML.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.HTML.Mod|Oberon.HTML.Mod]] | Revisions for conformance to HTML5. |- | &#160; | [[Oberon/A2/Oberon.HTML.Tool|HTML.Tool]] | No "preview" in the ETH Repository. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.HTMLDocs.Mod Oberon.HTMLDocs.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.HTMLDocs.Mod|Oberon.HTMLDocs.Mod]] | InitEntities() expanded to support more characters. <!-- |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Input.Mod Oberon.Input.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.Input.Mod|Oberon.Input.Mod]] | &#160; --> |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.ISO9660Files.Mod Oberon.ISO9660Files.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.ISO9660Volumes.Mod Oberon.ISO9660Volumes.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.MIME.Mod Oberon.MIME.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.MIME.Mod|Oberon.MIME.Mod]] | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Mail.Mod Oberon.Mail.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]] | Deviation from [[w:Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol|SMTP]] corrected. Wrap() added. Names of types revised. Show() revised. Calculation of cont.len corrected.<!-- Bug in ReadResponse() corrected. Authentication added to OpenSMTP(). --> |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.MultiMail.Mod Oberon.MultiMail.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.MultiMail.Mod|Oberon.MultiMail.Mod]] | <!-- Authentication added to OpenSMTP(). --> |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.News.Mod Oberon.News.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.News.Mod|Oberon.News.Mod]] | Authentication added to allow access to contemporary servers. |- | &#160; | [[../A2/Oberon.MediaWiki.Mod|Oberon.MediaWiki.Mod]] | Not in A2 repository. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Objects.Mod Oberon.Objects.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | rowspan="2" | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Out.Mod Oberon.Out.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.Out.Mod|Oberon.Out.Mod]] | Allow delay of execution of Append, using a [[w:Bit_field|flag]] variable. |- | [[../A2/Oberon.Out1.Mod|Oberon.Out1.Mod]] | Allow delay of execution of Append, using a procedure variable. |- | [[../A2/Oberon.OutStub.Mod|Oberon.OutStub.Mod]] | [[../A2/Oberon.OutStub.Mod|Oberon.OutStub.Mod]] | &#160; |- |[https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/QuotedPrintable.Mod Oberon.QuotedPrintable.Mod] |[[../A2/Oberon.QuotedPrintable.Mod|Oberon.QuotedPrintable.Mod]] |Variant from LinuxA2 Gen. 32-bit, rev.9527. |- | &#160; | [[../A2/Oberon.RFC3986.Mod|Oberon.RFC3986.Mod]] | Percent encoding and decoding of URL. Not in A2 repository. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Sort.Mod Oberon.Sort.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.Sort.Mod|Oberon.Sort.Mod]] | Better presentation of output. Revisions incomplete. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Streams.Mod Oberon.Streams.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Strings.Mod Oberon.Strings.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.TFTPTool.Mod Oberon.TFTPTool.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.TFTPTool.Mod|Oberon.TFTPTool.Mod]] | |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.TextDocs.Mod Oberon.TextDocs.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.TextFrames.Mod Oberon.TextFrames.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.TextFrames.Mod|Oberon.TextFrames.Mod]] | LOOPs removed. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.Texts.Mod Oberon.Texts.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Oberon.V24.Mod Oberon.V24.Mod] | [[../A2/Oberon.V24.Mod|Oberon.V24.Mod]] | &#160; |- | <span id="Oberon.Text"></span>[https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Release.Oberon.Text Release.Oberon.Text] | [[../A2/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | Usually Oberon.Text is customized to a user. |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/TFTP.Mod TFTP.Mod] | [[../A2/TFTP.Mod|TFTP.Mod]] | |- | [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Unix.Machine.Mod Unix.Machine.Mod] | &#160; | &#160; |- | <span id="Oberon.NetSystem">[https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/blob/main/source/Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod]</span> | [[../A2/Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod|Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod]] | Terminology improved. Local procedures moved out of SetUser. RETURN usage updated. Flag "ok" eliminated. Flag "verbose" added to simplify password debugging. Numerous comments clarified. |- | &#160; | [[../A2/myaos|myaos]] | Start script for UnixAos allowing use of a removable working store on multiple machines and adaptable to requirements of user. Not in A2 repository. |- | &#160; | [[../A2/mya2|mya2]] | Start script for UnixA2 allowing use of a removable working store on multiple machines and adaptable to requirements of user. Not in A2 repository. |- | &#160; | [[../A2/MyA2|MyA2]] | Start script for UnixA2 allowing use of a removable working store on multiple machines and adaptable to requirements of user. Not in A2 repository. |} ==Potential Developments== * A [[w:Text-based_user_interface|TUI]] similar to ETH Oberon. * Improved HTML support. Support for styling and tables, for example. * [[w:Touchscreen|Touchscreen]] support. ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Git">The Git repository, described subsequently, is a more recent method of installation and release tracking.</ref> <ref name="linePrefix">The command line prefix in a Unix-like system is user configurable and can be configured to the empty string. For simplicity, the prefix is omitted in most of the commands shown here.</ref> <ref name="filesystemCheck">A filesystem can become corrupted if not unmounted before the system is shut down. The directory can also be damaged by natural degradation of the storage media. If the filesystem is intact, the execution time for e2fsck is negligible.</ref> <ref name="OberonStart">The Oberon subsystem is invoked with MenuPage30.XML. The change from two commands to one is reported by <code>svn&#160;diff&#160;-r&#160;5253:5254&#160;.../MenuPage30.XML</code></ref>. <ref name="zipFreshening">A fresh ZIP archive is created at least when a revision of language syntax requires a revision in the compiler.</ref> <ref name="WikiSource">In some cases the Wikibook copy differs from the latest file in the ETHZ repository. For an exact comparison, use a file comparator; Diff.Do in Oberon, [[w:Comm|comm]] in Linux. Some sources have a discussion page. [[Talk:Oberon/A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod discussion]] for example.</ref> <ref name="Text">See [[Oberon/Text|Oberon/Text]].</ref> }} <br> {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = Linz Oberon, V4 | next = V5 }} <br> {{BookCat}} amx0i01r20vqvkvj5obxb588h5nirr1 0 411090 4673601 4449479 2026-10-02T11:00:13Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 chage > change 4673601 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Python_book_of_magic|Contents]] | [[Python_book_of_magic/05.Dictionaries|Previous]] | [[Python_book_of_magic/07.Loops|Next]] ---- =if statement= You have already came across the word '''if''' heavily used in English. If you read this book from the beginning, you may have came across this short word. '''if''' work the same as (if) in English. For example If <u>I complete high school</u>, I am going to university. We have '''If''' as used in english, after it there is a condition(underlined). This condition is the one that will determine whether the learner will go to university or not. Suppose the learner was unable to complete high school. The learner will not go to university. Imagine the sentence without '''if''',the sentence will be meaningless. This is how useful '''if''' is in python. Most time is spent creating conditions which would involve logic expressions and some operators. if statement definition <syntaxhighlight lang=text> if condition: statement1 statement2 statement3 e.t.c </syntaxhighlight> Statements are those things run when the condition is met. The collon(:) is used for indentation purposes (remember python is indented language) ==Conditions== Like I said conditions are created using logics( like probality in Mathematics ) and expressions( used in Mathematics to compare LHS with RHS ). Even if you never been in math class, you will still find it easy to learn them. ===Expressions=== Expressionns are used for comparing two things. Maybe comparing two variables, numbers or anything in python. Their output will either be True or False. If output is True the condition will be run. Some of operators used are. <pre> == - check if Left Hand Side(LHS) is equal to RHS. =! - check if LHS in not equak to RHS < - checks if LHS is less than RHS > - do oposite of (<) <= - check if LHS is less than or equal to RHS >= - opposes ( <= ) </pre> Example 01 <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> a = 3 b = 3 if a == b: Print('correct') a == b </syntaxhighlight> Output <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> correct True </syntaxhighlight> let change the value of a <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> a = 10 b = 3 if a == b: Print('correct') </syntaxhighlight> Output <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> . </syntaxhighlight> So why correct not printed on screen. Remeber, condition is not completed. Because the value of a is not the same as value of b. But what if you wan't to do something even when condition is not completed. This is when we have to use another statement called '''else'''. Example 02 <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> a = 10 b = 3 if a == b: Print('correct') else: print('wrong') </syntaxhighlight> Output <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> wrong </syntaxhighlight> Code under '''else''' will ongly be run if condition in if statement is not completed. What if I want to have many if statements to increase chances that my code will be run. Example 03 <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> a = 5 b = 12 if a == b: Print('Equal') elif a < b: print('a less than b') elif a > b: print('a greater than b') else: print('none correct') </syntaxhighlight> Output <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> a less than b </syntaxhighlight> You are not limited to doing simple things like printing text on screen. You can define functions, create variables, solve problems involving numbers or make anything that python can do. ===Logic=== Logics are ways of including or excluding events that are occurring or will occur. Event can be anything that occurs e.g death, winning match or adding numbers. Some logic works are <pre> A and B - include both event A or B - include either A or B not A - A not included not B - B not include </pre> I know you wont understand what thise things above mean. Let use True and False instead of A and B. Example 04(and) <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> A = True B= False A and B B and B A and A </syntaxhighlight> Output <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> False False True </syntaxhighlight> The first line checks if A and B are true. If both of them are true. It returns true or else False. Our output is false, because A and B are not both of them True. The second line checks if B and B are True. If they are, it return True or else false. The output is False, as both B and B are false. The third line checks if A and A are True. True is returned when both A and A are True or False if one or both of them is False. The output is True, as both A and A are true. Example 05(or) <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> A = True B= False A or B B or B A or A </syntaxhighlight> Output <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> True False True </syntaxhighlight> In '''or''', if one of the output(A or B) is True then True is returned. Study the example below to get more information. Example 06(not) <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> A = True B= False not B not (A and B) not A </syntaxhighlight> Output <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> True True False </syntaxhighlight> The '''not''' changes True to False and False to True. Look at line 1 and 2 to observe this. Line 2 is bit harder, due to combination of '''not''' and '''and'''. First you need to get the output of '''A and B''' which is ''True''. Then apply <n>not</n> by changing the output which is '''True''' to opposite of it which is '''False'''. For you to create a strong condition you need to combine logic gates and expressions into one working tool. What I think you have realised is that , the outputs of both expressions and logics are both True or False. Instead of passing A and B into logics we can use expressions. Example 07 <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> Num= [23, 'kevin, 45] a='john' if kevin in Num and a == 'marry': print('logic') else: print('stop guessing') </syntaxhighlight> Output <syntaxhighlight lang="python"> stop guessing </syntaxhighlight> Ohh, why did it run else statement while kevin is inside the Num list? be aware that '''and''' was used in the condition. It means that if kevin is inside Num list and if a is equal to marry, then condition will be met as the output of the condition will be True. ( Remember conditions should return either True or False). If the output of condition is False then the condition is not met, resulting in statements under '''if''' not run. Get used to logics and expressions, they will be useful when creation '''Graphical User''' interface sometimes called gooey (GUI). [[Python_book_of_magic|Contents]] | [[Python_book_of_magic/05.Dictionaries|Previous]] | [[Python_book_of_magic/07.Loops|Next]] ---- {{BookCat}} bpdyumato6kjan7tmlxw9qaoo0a6m6e 0 412662 4673607 4611952 2026-10-02T11:22:11Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 additon > addition 4673607 wikitext text/x-wiki == IRPA Section 169 == The Act includes the following provisions regarding the obligation to provide reasons:<pre>Decisions and reasons 169 In the case of a decision of a Division, other than an interlocutory decision: (a) the decision takes effect in accordance with the rules; (b) reasons for the decision must be given; (c) the decision may be rendered orally or in writing, except a decision of the Refugee Appeal Division, which must be rendered in writing; (d) if the Refugee Protection Division rejects a claim, written reasons must be provided to the claimant and the Minister; (e) if the person who is the subject of proceedings before the Board or the Minister requests reasons for a decision within 10 days of notification of the decision, or in circumstances set out in the rules of the Board, the Division must provide written reasons; and (f) the period in which to apply for judicial review with respect to a decision of the Board is calculated from the giving of notice of the decision or from the sending of written reasons, whichever is later.</pre> === Section 169 of the IRPA specifies circumstances in which written reasons must be provided, circumstances which do not include interlocutory decisions === Section 169 of the IRPA specifies a number of circumstances in which written reasons for a decision must be provided. For example, per s. 169(1)(d), if the Refugee Protection Division rejects a claim, written reasons must be provided to the claimant and the Minister. Relatedly, s. 169(1)(c) provides that in the case of a decision, other than an interlocutory decision, the Refugee Appeal Division must render the decision in writing. This is also to be read in conjunction with RPD Rule 67(2), which provides a number of other circumstances in which written reasons for a decision are required, including when the Division makes a decision on an application to vacate or to cease refugee protection (RPD Rule 67(2)(c)), and if the Minister was not present when the Division rendered an oral decision and reasons allowing a claim for refugee protection (RPD Rule 67(2)(b)). One thing that is notably exempt from these provisions is any requirement to provide written reasons for oral interlocutory decisions. There is jurisprudence that suggests that when a motion is decided at an RPD hearing with reasons for dismissing it given orally, the RPD does not have to repeat its reasons in its subsequent written decision.<ref>''Elmahi v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2004 FC 1472 at paras 14-16, as cited in ''Koky  v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2015 FC 562 (CanLII), at para 50, <https://canlii.ca/t/ghk53#par50>, retrieved on 2022-03-28.</ref> Interlocutory decisions can be contrasted with those that deny or allow a refugee claim.<ref>''Anoshin v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 707 (CanLII), at para 14, <https://canlii.ca/t/jp7xf#par14>, retrieved on 2022-06-04.</ref> For example, a decision to reopen a refugee claim pursuant to RPD Rule 62 ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 62-63 - Reopening a Claim or Application#RPD Rule 62(1) - Who may make an application to reopen when]]) is an interlocutory decision, not a final one.<ref>''Anoshin v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 707 (CanLII), at para 17, <https://canlii.ca/t/jp7xf#par17>, retrieved on 2022-06-04.</ref> The Board commented as follows about the lack of a requirement to provide reasons for interlocutory decisions as follows in the context of the former ''Immigration Act'':<blockquote>The Immigration Act does not require written reasons to be given for interlocutory decisions. However, it is suggested that if the issue has an interesting aspect to it, brief reasons for the interlocutory decisions should be included in the final reasons in the case, where final reasons are given. The provision of reasons in these matters promotes consistency in interlocutory decision-making across the Refugee Division, while providing some degree of fairness to those appearing before it.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. ''CRDD Handbook'', Dated March 31, 1999, online <https://web.archive.org/web/20071115151926/http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/references/legal/rpd/handbook/hb15_e.htm> (Accessed November 9, 2023).</ref></blockquote> === The Board should provide written reasons for a determination that a claim has been abandoned === In ''Parveen v. Canada'', the Board provided an oral decision that the claim in question had been abandoned. The court noted that in that case, the RPD’s decision was rendered orally and in the presence of the claimant, her counsel and an interpreter. The court stated that the reasons were "detailed and comprehensive, setting out not only the findings but also the reasons they were made." The claimant had obtained a copy of the transcript of the hearing. The claimant argued on judicial review that the RPD’s failure to provide written reasons amounted to a breach of procedural fairness. The court noted that "it could be argued that the determination that a proceeding has been abandoned is a final decision which entails the rejection of the refugee claim, and that the RPD has an obligation to provide reasons in written form, as per paragraph 169(''d'') of the IRPA":<pre>Decisions and reasons 169 In the case of a decision of a Division, other than an interlocutory decision: … (d) if the Refugee Protection Division rejects a claim, written reasons must be provided to the claimant and the Minister;</pre>The court then went on to note that "on the other hand, it can be said that a determination that a claim has been abandoned is not a decision under section 169 of the IRPA, because it does not decide the merits of a claim, but the more circumscribed question of whether an applicant has abandoned his or her claim. This abandonment of a proceeding is rather dealt with in subsection 168(1) of the IRPA". In that case, the court accepted that "the letter of the law may impose a duty to provide written reasons". The court went on not to grant the judicial review on the basis that the claimant had not been sufficiently prejudiced, but the case does appear to indicate that the law imposes the same obligation to provide written reasons in the case of an abandonment as it does in the case of a rejection of a claim.<ref>''Parveen v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2019 FC 155 (CanLII), para. 21.</ref> Under the previous ''Immigration Act'', the Federal Court held that it was unlikely that the obligation under the Act to give written reasons was applicable to any decision other than a decision on a claim, such as an abandonment decision.<ref>''Ressam, Ahmed v. M.C.I.'' (F.C.T.D., no. IMM-1271-95), Pinard, February 9, 1996.</ref> === What percentage of refugee decisions are made publicly available? === A small percentage of the RPD's decisions are anonymized and made publicly available on services such as CanLII. In ''Devinat v. Canada'', the Board discussed the percentage of decisions which become publicly available, a percentage being published that seems roughly similar to its current practice:<blockquote>Excluding claims where there was a waiver or discontinuance, the CRDD rendered 16,630 decisions during 1996 and we anticipate that it will render 19,900 decisions in 1997. The vast majority of CRDD hearings are held behind closed doors to protect claimants' identity. Its decisions and reasons, if any, are communicated to the parties only and not to the public. Some decisions (295 in 1996) are summarized in our publication ''RefLex'' (see para. 16) and published in the Quicklaw database. These decisions are edited to remove identifying information before they are made public and entered in the Quicklaw database.<ref>''Devinat v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board),'' 1999 CanLII 9386 (FCA), [2000] 2 FC 212, par. 64, <http://canlii.ca/t/4ll0#64>, retrieved on 2020-01-25.</ref></blockquote> == RPD Rule 67 - Requirement for a Notice of Decision and when written reasons must be provided == The text of the relevant rule reads: <pre>Decisions Notice of decision and reasons 67 (1) When the Division makes a decision, other than an interlocutory decision, it must provide in writing a notice of decision to the claimant or the protected person, as the case may be, and to the Minister. Written reasons (2) The Division must provide written reasons for the decision together with the notice of decision (a) if written reasons must be provided under paragraph 169(1)(d) of the Act; (b) if the Minister was not present when the Division rendered an oral decision and reasons allowing a claim for refugee protection; or (c) when the Division makes a decision on an application to vacate or to cease refugee protection. Request for written reasons (3) A request under paragraph 169(1)(e) of the Act for written reasons for a decision must be made in writing.</pre> === How do the written reasons required under Rule 67(2) relate to the oral reasons that are offered for a decision on the day of a hearing?=== Rule 67(2) provides that the Division must provide written reasons for a decision that the Division makes together with the notice of decision in the circumstances specified. This relates to Rule 10(8) which provides that "A Division member must render an oral decision and reasons for the decision at the hearing unless it is not practicable to do so" ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 3-13 - Information and Documents to be Provided#RPD Rule 10 - Order of questioning in hearings, oral representations, oral decisions, limiting questioning]]). It is evident that, even where a decision is provided orally, the written reasons need not be identical. For example, in ''Isiaku v. Canada'', the Division delivered oral reasons for decision, but the recording equipment normally used to provide a transcript of the hearing was not functioning during the time the Board delivered its oral reasons.<ref name=":0" /> As such, the Board did not have the benefit of a transcript of the oral reasons to use in preparing the written reasons for decision. In its written reasons, the Board stated that it had relied on its recollection of what was stated in the oral reasons. In such a situation, the Board will usually note this in its reasons along with a notation such as the following:<blockquote>The recording of this oral decision is not available because of what appears to be a technical malfunction. Therefore, this written version of the reasons offered in this case is based not on a recording but on the notes used by the member in rendering the oral decision on <date>.</blockquote>The court in ''Isiaku v. Canada'' expressed no concern with that approach, and in fact preferred the Member's recollection of the decision rendered orally over that of the claimant who had contested some aspects of what was written.<ref name=":0">''Isiaku v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 1998 CanLII 7994 (FC), <https://canlii.ca/t/4bld>, retrieved on 2021-03-12.</ref> Nonetheless, what is clear is that after a Member provides oral reasons the Member is ''functus officio'', and the written reasons which follow from an oral decision should not differ substantially from the oral reasons that were offered.<ref>''Vaszilyova'' v. ''M.E.I.'' (IMM-3321-93, 4 July 1994, F.C.T.D.).</ref> Appellate bodies may review the reasons provided to determine whether there is "any material difference...between the oral and written reasons".<ref>''Isiaku v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 1998 CanLII 7994 (FC), par. 25, <https://canlii.ca/t/4bld#par25>, retrieved on 2021-03-12.</ref> === What is the significance of a Notice of Decision issued by the Board registry''?''=== Member Maria De Andrade of the Refugee Appeal Division considered a case where, on December 9, 2014, the Board sent the appellant a positive notice of decision. There were no reasons included with the notice of decision. Then on December 23, 2014, the IRB sent the appellant a negative notice of decision, and the reasons included with the notice of decision were dated and signed December 3, 2014. The claimant argued that the RPD was ''functus officio'' when it sent the appellant a negative notice of decision on December 23, 2014, after it had already sent a positive notice of decision on December 9, 2014. According to the ''functus officio'' principle, a decision-maker no longer has jurisdiction over a matter once he or she has delivered the decision: the decision is final after it is signed and has been disclosed to the parties.<ref>''Gil v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2014 FC 370 (CanLII), <https://canlii.ca/t/g6l3c>, retrieved on 2022-03-28.</ref> The RAD rejected this argument, concluding that the ''functus officio'' principle did not apply in this case because the first notice of decision was sent as a result of a clerical error by the RPD Registry.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2015 CanLII 81070 (CA IRB), paras. 28-34 <https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/irb/doc/2015/2015canlii81070/2015canlii81070.html>.</ref> The RAD noted rules 67 and 68 of the ''Refugee Protection Division Rules'' which stipulate that the Division must provide a notice of decision to the refugee protection claimant and to the Minister together with written reasons. As no written reasons were provided for the positive decision, and the only evidence was that the member signed and dated the reasons for decision on December 3, 2014, that was the only decision made as per Rule 68(1)(b). A similar issue has been raised with regards to oral decisions. Member Veena Verma of the Refugee Appeal Division considered a case where a decision was rendered orally on March 22, 2016 at the hearing and the notice of decision and a copy of the reasons were sent out on May 6, 2016. The RAD commented on these dates as follows: <blockquote>I believe it is necessary to clarify the relevant date when considering the admission of new evidence on appeal before the RAD. Subsection 110(4) of the Act refers to the admission of evidence either after or at the time of the rejection. The RPD rendered its oral decision and reasons on March 22, 2016 which is also the date when the decision came into effect. The RPD member did not “sign” his decision on May 6, 2016, rather this is the date on which the RPD Registrar sent the Appellant the Notice of Decision, pursuant to Rule 67 of the ''Refugee Protection Division Rules'', and a written transcript of the decision. In other words, the date of the rejection, and the relevant date in assessing the new evidence under ss. 110(4) of the Act, is March 22, 2016, not May 6, 2016.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2017 CanLII 52321 (CA IRB), para. 18 <https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/irb/doc/2017/2017canlii52321/2017canlii52321.html>.</ref> </blockquote> === The IRB does not provide stamped Notices of Decision === Around the time of the pandemic in 2020, the IRB stopped stamping Notices of Decision (NODs) as "certified true copies". It has not renewed that practice. Some organizations may require additional documentation to confirm proof of status. In these cases, protected persons can request a Verification of Status (VOS) from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). A VOS provides verified information about a person’s status. === In what language or languages must written decisions be made available? === The ''Official Languages Act'' applies to the IRB. Section 20 of the ''Official Languages Act'' specifies the circumstances in which a final decision must be made available in both official languages, either simultaneously (s. 20(1)) or in one language and then the other "at the earliest possible time" (s. 20(2)):<pre>Decisions, orders and judgments that must be made available simultaneously 20 (1) Any final decision, order or judgment, including any reasons given therefor, issued by any federal court shall be made available simultaneously in both official languages where (a) the decision, order or judgment determines a question of law of general public interest or importance; (a.1) the decision, order or judgment has precedential value; or (b) the proceedings leading to its issuance were conducted in whole or in part in both official languages. Other decisions, orders and judgments (2) Where (a) any final decision, order or judgment issued by a federal court is not required by subsection (1) to be made available simultaneously in both official languages, or (b) the decision, order or judgment is required by paragraph (1)(a) to be made available simultaneously in both official languages but the court is of the opinion that to make the decision, order or judgment, including any reasons given therefor, available simultaneously in both official languages would occasion a delay prejudicial to the public interest or resulting in injustice or hardship to any party to the proceedings leading to its issuance, the decision, order or judgment, including any reasons given therefor, shall be issued in the first instance in one of the official languages and thereafter, at the earliest possible time, in the other official language, each version to be effective from the time the first version is effective.</pre>It is notable that the ''Official Languages Act'' provides that the above obligations apply to "federal courts". This is a defined term which, per s. 3(2) of that Act, provides that the IRB is considered a "federal court" for the purposes of the preceding obligations: "In this section and in Parts II and III, <dfn>federal court</dfn> means any court, tribunal or other body that carries out adjudicative functions and is established by or pursuant to an Act of Parliament."<ref>Official Languages Act, RSC 1985, c 31 (4th Supp), s 3(2) <http://canlii.ca/t/530sl#sec3subsec2> retrieved on 2020-01-25.</ref> The Federal Court of Appeal considered the applicability of this provision to the Immigration and Refugee Board in ''Devinat v. Canada'', upholding the following summary of the law from the motions judge in the case:<blockquote>In my view, the terms of section 20 of the OLA are clear. They require all federal courts, including the respondent [the IRB], to issue their decisions, orders and judgments in both official languages at the earliest possible time in most cases or simultaneously in the cases provided for in paragraph 20(1)(''a''), unless this would be seriously prejudicial to the public or result in injustice or hardship to any party, and in paragraph 20(1)(''b'').<ref>''Devinat v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board),'' 1999 CanLII 9386 (FCA), [2000] 2 FC 212, par. 57, <http://canlii.ca/t/4ll0#57>, retrieved on 2020-01-25</ref></blockquote>As a practical matter, in ''Devinat v. Canada'' the Federal Court ordered that where the Board makes a decision available to the public, say via the Quicklaw website, they must do so in both official languages.<ref>''Devinat v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board),'' 1999 CanLII 9386 (FCA), [2000] 2 FC 212, at para 73, <https://canlii.ca/t/4ll0#par73>, retrieved on 2022-09-07.</ref> The above jurisprudence pre-dates the addition of s. 20(a.1) to the Act in 2023. <p>When it comes to providing reasons to an individual, the court commented in ''obiter'' in ''Nambazisa v. Canada'' that there is "arguably a positive obligation upon a decision maker like the RPD to provide the Decision to [the claimant in their language of choice], in light of the RPD’s duty to communicate and offer services to any member of the public in the language of his choice".<ref>''Nambazisa v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 617 (CanLII), at para 43, <https://canlii.ca/t/jx7n4#par43>, retrieved on 2023-06-27.</ref> Indeed, the Minister states that when the original version of a set of reasons is not written in an applicant’s preferred language of choice or in the language of record, the Board's usual practice is to issue decisions in both official languages at the same time.<ref>''Nambazisa v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 617 (CanLII), at para 35, <https://canlii.ca/t/jx7n4#par35>, retrieved on 2023-06-27.</ref> Where the tribunal fails to do so, this may raise issues with the reasonableness of the decision:</p><blockquote>When, as the RPD did in the case of Mr. Nambazisa, an administrative decision maker issues a decision in an official language other than the litigant’s preferred official language or the official language of record, without making a translation simultaneously available, it in fact abdicates its responsibility to justify to the affected party, in a manner that is transparent and intelligible, the basis on which it arrived to its conclusion. This, again, clearly does not pass the test of reasonableness laid out in ''Vavilov'', and calls for the Court’s intervention.<ref>''Nambazisa v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 617 (CanLII), at para 51, <https://canlii.ca/t/jx7n4#par51>, retrieved on 2023-06-27.</ref></blockquote>Furthermore, even where a translation is made available, the mere act of a decision maker having written a decision "in a language other than the official language of the trial chosen by an applicant can create uncertainty and doubts about the decision maker’s language abilities."<ref>''Tchiianika v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship),'' 2022 FC 1119 (CanLII), at para 28, <https://canlii.ca/t/jwf7j#par28>, retrieved on 2023-06-27.</ref> However, other decisions note that the guarantee of language equality is not a guarantee that the official language used by any person will be understood by the person to whom the pleading or process is addressed.<ref>''Jean Patou Inc. v. Luxo Laboratories Ltd.,'' 2001 FCT 1419 (CanLII), at para 14, <https://canlii.ca/t/1h85d#par14>, retrieved on 2026-01-15.</ref> In contrast, there are no provisions in the IRPA or in the RPD Rules that require written reasons be translated into the language of interpretation other than English or French. For more context to the above excerpt from the Official Languages Act, see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Official Languages Act#Section 20: Decisions, orders and judgments]]. === Each version of reasons that have been translated into French or English are equally authoritative === Section 20 of the ''Official Languages Act'' requires that final decisions, orders and judgments issued by the Board be made available in both official languages, not issued in one language and "translated" into the other. This means that both versions are equally authoritative.<ref>This was the position of the Commissioner of Official Languages in ''Devinat v. Canada'' and it should be regarded as persuasive. See: ''Devinat v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board),'' 1999 CanLII 9386 (FCA), [2000] 2 FC 212, at para 56, <https://canlii.ca/t/4ll0#par56>, retrieved on 2022-09-07,</ref> == RPD Rule 68(1) - When a decision of a single member panel takes effect == <pre>When decision of single member takes effect 68 (1) A decision made by a single Division member allowing or rejecting a claim for refugee protection, on an application to vacate or to cease refugee protection, on the abandonment of a claim or of an application to vacate or to cease refugee protection, or allowing an application to withdraw a claim or to withdraw an application to vacate or to cease refugee protection takes effect (a) if given orally at a hearing, when the member states the decision and gives the reasons; and (b) if made in writing, when the member signs and dates the reasons for the decision.</pre> === A written decision takes effect when a Member signs the reasons and this can be an electronic signature === As per the Division's ''Practice Notice: Use of Electronic Signatures'', effective November 26, 2019 an electronic signature will satisfy the requirement for members to sign their reasons for decision under Rules 68(1)(b) of the RPD Rules.<ref name=":1">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Practice Notice: Use of Electronic Signatures,'' November 26, 2019 <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/electronic-signatures-rpd.aspx> (Accessed June 21, 2021).</ref> In 2024, this practice notice was replaced with the ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' which states:<blockquote>5.2 Members' use of electronic signatures The RPD provides notice that an electronic signature satisfies the requirement for members to sign their reasons for decision under paragraphs 68(1)(b) and 68(2)(b) of the RPD Rules. Accordingly, parties may receive decisions that are signed either electronically or on paper with wet signatures; either signature is equally valid.<ref name=":2">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx>, at 5.2.</ref></blockquote>The RPD states that its members may sign their reasons for decisions electronically "by using an electronic stamp instead of a wet signature."<ref name=":3">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Questions and answers: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09 <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pnpi-qa.aspx</nowiki>>, at question 31.</ref> == RPD Rule 68(2) - When a decision of a three member panel takes effect == <pre>When decision of three member panel takes effect (2) A decision made by a panel of three Division members allowing or rejecting a claim for refugee protection, on an application to vacate or to cease refugee protection, on the abandonment of a claim or of an application to vacate or to cease refugee protection, or allowing an application to withdraw a claim or to withdraw an application to vacate or to cease refugee protection takes effect (a) if given orally at a hearing, when all the members state their decision and give their reasons; and (b) if made in writing, when all the members sign and date their reasons for the decision.</pre> === A written decision takes effect when the Members sign the reasons and these can be electronic signatures === As per the Division's ''Practice Notice: Use of Electronic Signatures'', effective November 26, 2019 an electronic signature will satisfy the requirement for members to sign their reasons for decision under Rules 68(2)(b) of the RPD Rules.<ref name=":1" /> In 2024, this practice notice was replaced with the ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' which states:<blockquote>5.2 Members' use of electronic signatures <p>The RPD provides notice that an electronic signature satisfies the requirement for members to sign their reasons for decision under paragraphs 68(1)(b) and 68(2)(b) of the RPD Rules. Accordingly, parties may receive decisions that are signed either electronically or on paper with wet signatures; either signature is equally valid.<ref name=":2" /></p></blockquote> The RPD states that its members may sign their reasons for decisions electronically "by using an electronic stamp instead of a wet signature."<ref name=":3" /> === Policy and legislation on three-member panels === The IRB has a policy on the designation of three-member panels at the Refugee Protection Division.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Designation of three-member panels - Refugee Protection Division,'' Effective Date: September 2, 2015, Accessed January 6, 2020, <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/PolRpdSpr3MemCom.aspx>.</ref> Under the ''Immigration and Refugee Protection Act'' (IRPA), hearings by a single member of the Refugee Protection Division (RPD) are the norm. This presumption is reflected in the wording of section 163 of the IRPA, which reads: "Matters before a Division shall be conducted before a single member unless, except for matters before the Immigration Division, the Chairperson is of the opinion that a panel of three members should be constituted." The Chairperson's authority to designate three-member panels for matters before the RPD has been delegated to the Deputy Chairperson (DC) and to the Assistant Deputy Chairpersons (ADCs) of the RPD. Under this delegation cases may only be designated to be heard by three-member panels for training purposes. There were 94 new system hearings in 2018 in which a three-member panel was designated (0.7% of all hearings).<ref>Sean Rehaag, “2018 Refugee Claim Data and IRB Member Recognition Rates” (19 June 2019), online: <nowiki>https://ccrweb.ca/en/2018-refugee-claim-data</nowiki></ref> === History of two-member panels at the Board === The court has observed that throughout the 1990s, the Board carried a very heavy caseload and had a large membership. Its approximately 200 members sat across Canada in panels of two. That ended with the Introduction of the IRPA in the early 2000s.<ref>''Kozak v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2006 FCA 124 (CanLII), [2006] 4 FCR 377, para. 55.</ref> == References == <references responsive="" /> {{BookCat}} m9yxwx28sahewkze0kcnmboxy2tjbdn 0 416115 4673437 4373881 2026-10-01T13:04:31Z Marbletan 3347355 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Atomic number depiction.jpg]] → [[File:Atomic number depiction.svg]] 4673437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nav}} == Planck’s length, the fabric of the universe, and extreme forms of matter == What would happen to water (H₂O) if you subjected it to the absolute zero temperature predicted by Lord Kelvin, of 0 Kelvin or &minus;273.15° Celsius and under a complete vacuum of 0 Pascals of pressure? What would happen to water (H₂O) if you subjected it to extremely high temperatures and pressures, like those found in the cores of the densest stars in the universe? Such answers to these questions may seem beyond the limits of practical experimentation, but new research is discovering new states of matter at these limits. These additional states of matter exist at the extreme end of all phase diagrams; at the limits of observable temperature and pressure. It is here in the corners of phase diagrams that matter behaves in strangely weird ways. However, these new forms of matter were predicted nearly a century before it was discovered by a unique collaboration between two scientists living on different sides of the Earth. [[File:SatyenBose1925.jpg|thumb|left|Satyendra Nath Bose.]] As the eldest boy in a large family with seven younger sisters, [[w:Satyendra Nath Bose|Satyendra Nath Bose]] grew up in the bustling city of [[w:Kolkata|Calcutta]], India. His family was well off, as his father was a railway engineer and a member of the upper-class Hindu society that lived in the [[w:Bengal Presidency|Bengal Presidency]]. Bose showed an aptitude for mathematics, and rose up the ranks as a teacher and later became a professor at [[w:University of Dhaka|University of Dhaka]], where he taught physics. Bose read [[w:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein’s]] papers and translated his writings from English to Hindi, and started a correspondence with Albert Einstein. While lecturing his class in India on [[w:Planck constant|Planck’s constant]] and [[w:Black body|black body radiators]], he stumbled upon a unique realization, a statistical mathematical mistake that Einstein had made in describing the nature of the interaction between atoms and photons ([[w:Electromagnetic radiation|electromagnetic radiation]]). As you might recall Planck’s Constant relates to how light or energy striking matter is absorbed or radiates in a perfect black body radiator. In 1900, Max Planck used his constant (<math>h</math>), and calculated a minimum distance between wavelengths of photons possible for electromagnetic radiation. The equation is :<math>\text {Planck's Length} = \sqrt\frac{\hbar G}{c^3} </math> where ℏ is the reduced Planck’s constant (h) which is equal to 1.054571817x 10^-34 Joules Second or ℏ and equals h divided by 2π. G is Henry Cavendish’s calculation for gravity G= 6.67408x10⁻¹¹ Meters³/Kilograms Seconds², and c is the speed of light in a vacuum, 299,792,458 Meters per Second. This length is called '''Planck’s length'''. It is the theoretical smallest distance between wavelengths of the highest energy electromagnetic radiation possible. It also relates to the theoretical smallest distance between electrons within an atom. The current calculated Planck’s length is 1.6 x 10^-35 meters which is incredibly small, as the decimal place has 35 zeros in front of it, or is 0.000000000000000000000000000000000016 meters long. ==Bohr’s Model of the Atom== In physics it is the smallest measurement of distance. Satyendra Nath Bose was also aware of a new model of the atom, proposed by [[w:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]] a Danish scientist, who viewed atoms similar to how the solar system is arranged, with planets orbiting around stars, but instead of planets, tiny electrons orbiting around the atom’s nucleus. Under Bohr’s model of the atom, the simplest type of atom (hydrogen) is a single electron orbiting around a nucleus composed of a single proton. [[File:Bohr atom model.svg|thumb|left|Bohr’s model of the simple Hydrogen atom, with 1 proton and 1 electron moving between two energy states, and releasing energy.]] [[File:Niels Bohr - LOC - ggbain - 35303.jpg|thumb|right|Niels Bohr]] ==Electron Orbital Shells== Experiments in [[w:Fluorescence|fluorescence]] demonstrates that when [[w:Electromagnetic radiation|electromagnetic radiation]], such as light is absorbed by atoms, the electrons rise to a higher energy state. They subsequently fall back down to a natural energy state and release energy as [[w:Photon|photons]]. This is why materials glow when heated and why radioactive materials glow when subjected to gamma or x-ray electromagnetic radiation. Scientists can measure the amount of energy released as photons when this occurs, and Niels Bohr suggested that the amount of energy released appeared to be related to orbital shell distances, at tiny units measured in Planck’s lengths. Niels Bohr developed a model explaining how each orbital shell appeared to hold increasing numbers of electrons, with an increasing number of protons. One way to think of these electron orbital shells is that they are like notches along a ruler. Electrons must encircle each atom’s nucleus from one or more of those discrete notches, which are separated by distances measured in Planck’s lengths, the smallest measurement of distance theoretically possible. To test this idea, scientists excited atoms with high energy light, and measured the amount of electromagnetic radiation that was emitted by the atoms. When electrons absorb light they move up the notches by discrete Planck lengths, however they also would move back down a notch and release photons, emitting in the process electromagnetic radiation, until they settle on a notch that is supported by an equal number of protons in the nucleus. [[File:Albert Einstein (Nobel).png|thumb|Albert Einstein the year he earned his Nobel Prize.]] This effect is called the [[w:Photoelectric effect|photoelectric effect]]. Albert Einstein earned his Nobel prize in 1921 by showing that it was the frequency of electromagnetic radiation that excites electrons by a factor of Planck’s constant in determining energy output. Such, that E = hv, where E is the energy measured in Joules, h is Planck’s constant, and v is the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation. We can use v = c / λ, where c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength to determine v for the frequency of the different light wave lengths, finding that the shorter the wavelength, the higher the amount of energy. As electrons move up the notches away from the nucleus by absorbing more electromagnetic radiation they can eventually become so excited that they can become completely free of the nucleus all together and become free electrons (''electricity''). This happens especially with metal materials that have a looser connection with orbiting electrons, but can theoretically happen with any type of material, given enough electromagnetic radiation subjected to the matter. This is what happens to matter when it is heated, the electrons move upward in their energy states, causing the atoms to jiggle which is subjected to the surrounding particles as electromagnetic radiation, their electromagnetic energy expands. This is why there is an overall trend with increasing temperatures and decreasing pressures toward matter that is less dense, expanding in volume from a solid to a liquid to a gas, eventually with enough energy the electrons become freed from the nucleus and result in ''plasma'' of free-flowing electrons or electricity. [[File:Simple Periodic Table Chart-en.svg|thumb|left|The Periodic Table of Elements is organized by orbital shells of electrons.]] These notches that the electrons encircle the nucleus are focused upon certain [[w:Atomic orbital|orbital shells of stability]], such that the number of electrons exactly match the number of protons within the nucleus and fill orbital shells in a sequential order. The orbital shells of stability form the organization of the [[w:Periodic table|Periodic Table of Elements]] that you see in many classrooms. One way to think of these orbital shells of stability is as discrete notches on a ruler, each “centimeter” on this ruler representing an orbital distance in the electron shell. There can be smaller units such as millimeters, with the smallest unit measured in ''Planck lengths.'' Scientists were eager to measure these tiny distances within atoms, but found it impossible, because the electrons behave not like planets orbiting a sun, but as ''oscillating waves'' forming a probability function around each of those discrete distances of stability. Hence it is impossible to predict the exact location of an electron along these notched distances from the nucleus. This is known as the [[w:Uncertainty principle|Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle]], which states that the position and the velocity of an electron cannot both be measured exactly at the same time. In a sense this makes sense. Electrons like photons encircle the nucleus traveling at the speed of light and as oscillating waves, making it impossible to measure a specific position of an electron within its orbit around the nucleus. The study of atomic structures, such as this is called [[w:Quantum mechanics|quantum physics]]. Satyendra Nath Bose had read Einstein’s work on the subject, and noted some mathematical mistakes in Einstein’s calculations of the photoelectric effect. Bose offered a new solution, and ask Einstein to translate the work into German for publication. Einstein generously agreed and Bose’s paper was published. Einstein and Bose took this new solution to the question of what happens to these electron orbitals when atoms are subjected to [[w:William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Lord Kelvin’s]] extremely low temperature of [[w:Absolute zero|absolute zero]]. Einstein, following Bose, proposed that the electron orbital distances would collapse, moving down to the lowest possible notch on the Planck scale. This tiny distance prevents the atom from collapsing, and is referred to as [[w:Zero-point energy|zero-point energy]]. What is so strange, is that all atoms no matter how many protons or electrons it contains, will result in a similar collapse of the electrons down to the lowest notch at these extremely low temperatures. At this point the atoms become a new state of matter called [[w:Bose–Einstein condensate|Bose-Einstein condensate]]. Bose-Einstein condensate has some weird proprieties. First is that it is a [[w:Superconductivity|superconductor]], because electrons are weakly held to the nucleus, second all elements except [[w:Helium|helium]] become solids, and the strangest propriety, all atoms in this state will exhibit the same chemical properties since the electrons are so close to the nucleus and they occupy the lowest orbital shell. Helium, which is a gas at normal room temperatures and pressures, has two protons and two electrons. When it is cooled to absolute zero in a vacuum, it remains in liquid form, rather than the denser solid, like all other elements, and only when additional pressure is added does helium eventually turn into a solid. It is the only element to do this, all others become solids at absolute zero temperatures. This is because the zero-point energy in the electron orbitals is enough to keep helium as a liquid even at temperatures approaching absolute zero. In 1995 two scientists at the [[w:University of Colorado|University of Colorado]] [[w:Eric Allin Cornell|Eric Cornell]] and [[w:Carl Wieman|Carl Wieman]] super cooled rubidium-87, generating the first evidence of Bose-Einstein condensate in a lab, which earned them a Nobel prize in 2001. Since then numerous other labs have been experimenting with Bose-Einstein condensate, pushing electrons within a hair’s breadth away from the nucleus. What happens to atoms when subjected to intense heat and pressure? Well electrons will move up these notches until they become far enough from the nucleus that they leave the atom and become a ''plasma'', a flow of free electrons. Hence the first thing that happens at high pressure and high temperature is the generation of electricity from the free flow of these electrons. If pressure and temperature continue to increase, the protons will convert to neutrons, releasing photons as gamma radiation and neutrinos. This nuclear fusion is what generates the energy inside the cores of stars, such as the sun. If neutrons are subjected to even more pressure and temperature, they form [[w:Black hole|black holes]], the most mysterious form of matter in the universe. One of the frontiers of science is the linkage between the extremely small Planck’s length and the observed cosmic expansion of the universe as determined by [[w:Hubble's law|Hubble’s constant]]. One way to describe this relationship is to imagine a fabric to matter, which is being stretched apart (expanding) at the individual atomic level resulting in an expanding universe. The study of this aspect of science is called [[w:Cosmology|cosmology]]. ==The Atom== ===Electrons=== In chemistry, the electrons are often considered the most important aspect of the atom, because they determine how atoms bond together to form [[w:Molecule|'''molecules''']]. However, electrons can move around between atoms, and even form plasma. Maybe of more importance in chemistry is the number of '''protons''' within the nucleus of the atom. ===Protons=== [[File:Atomic number depiction.svg|thumb|The atomic number, using Helium as an example, with an atomic number of 2 (# of protons), but atomic mass of 4 (# of protons + neutrons).]] The number of protons within an atom determines the names of the elements. Such that all atoms with 1 proton are called ''hydrogen'', atoms with 2 protons are called ''helium'', while 3 proton atoms are called ''lithium''. The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the [[w:Atomic number|'''Atomic Number''']] (Z). Each element is classified by its atomic number, which appears in the top corner of a periodic table of elements, along with the chemical symbol of each element. The first 26 elements formed during fusion in the earlier proto-sun while the elements with atomic numbers higher than 26 formed during the supernova event and elements higher than 94 are not found in nature and must be synthesized in labs. Here is a list of elements listing the atomic number and name of the element, as of 2020. Elements formed in the sun through fusion * 1-Hydrogen (H) * 2-Helium (He) * 3-Lithium (Li) * 4-Beryllium (Be) * 5-Boron (B) * 6-Carbon (C) * 7-Nitrogen (N) * 8-Oxygen (O) Elements formed in the larger proto-sun through fusion * 9-Fluorine (F) * 10-Neon (Ne) * 11-Sodium (Na) * 12-Magnesium (Mg) * 13-Aluminium (Al) * 14-Silicon (Si) * 15-Phosphorus (P) * 16-Sulfur (S) * 17-Chlorine (Cl) * 18-Argon (Ar) * 19-Potassium (K) * 20-Calcium (Ca) * 21-Scandium (Sc) * 22-Titanium (Ti) * 23-Vanadium (V) * 24-Chromium (Cr) * 25-Manganese (Mn) * 26-Iron (Fe) Elements formed from the Supernova Event * 27-Cobalt (Co) * 28-Nickel (Ni) * 29-Copper (Cu) * 30-Zinc (Zn) * 31-Gallium (Ga) * 32-Germanium (Ge) * 33-Arsenic (As) * 34-Selenium (Se) * 35-Bromine (Br) * 36-Krypton (Kr) * 37-Rubidium (Rb) * 38-Strontium (Sr) * 39-Yttrium (Y) * 40-Zirconium (Zr) * 41-Niobium (Nb) * 42-Molybdenum (Mo) * 43-Technetium (Tc) * 44-Ruthenium (Ru) * 45-Rhodium (Rh) * 46-Palladium (Pd) * 47-Silver (Ag) * 48-Cadmium (Cd) * 49-Indium (In) * 50-Tin (Sn) * 51-Antimony (Sb) * 52-Tellurium (Te) * 53-Iodine (I) * 54-Xenon (Xe) * 55-Caesium (Cs) * 56-Barium (Ba) * 57-Lanthanum (La) * 58-Cerium (Ce) * 59-Praseodymium (Pr) * 60-Neodymium (Nd) * 61-Promethium (Pm) * 62-Samarium (Sm) * 63-Europium (Eu) * 64-Gadolinium (Gd) * 65-Terbium (Tb) * 66-Dysprosium (Dy) * 67-Holmium (Ho) * 68-Erbium (Er) * 69-Thulium (Tm) * 70-Ytterbium (Yb) * 71-Lutetium (Lu) * 72-Hafnium (Hf) * 73-Tantalum (Ta) * 74-Tungsten (W) * 75-Rhenium (Re) * 76-Osmium (Os) * 77-Iridium (Ir) * 78-Platinum (Pt) * 79-Gold (Au) * 80-Mercury (Hg) * 81-Thallium (Tl) * 82-Lead (Pb) * 83-Bismuth (Bi) * 84-Polonium (Po) * 85-Astatine (At) * 86-Radon (Rn) * 87-Francium (Fr) * 88-Radium (Ra) * 89-Actinium (Ac) * 90-Thorium (Th) * 91-Protactinium (Pa) * 92-Uranium (U) * 93-Neptunium (Np) * 94-Plutonium (Pu) Non-naturally occurring elements, synthesized in labs * 95-Americium (Am) * 96-Curium (Cm) * 97-Berkelium (Bk) * 98-Californium (Cf) * 99-Einsteinium (Es) * 100-Fermium (Fm) * 101-Mendelevium (Md) * 102-Nobelium (No) * 103-Lawrencium (Lr) * 104-Rutherfordium (Rf) * 105-Dubnium (Db) * 106-Seaborgium (Sg) * 107-Bohrium (Bh) * 108-Hassium (Hs) * 109-Meitnerium (Mt) * 110-Damstadtium (Ds) * 111-Roentgenium (Rg) * 112-Copernicium (Cn) * 113-Nihonium (Nh) * 114-Flerovium (Fl) * 115-Moscovium (Mc) * 116-Livermorium (Lv) * 117-Tennessine (Ts) * 118-Oganesson (Og) Reading through these names is a mix of familiar elements, such as [[w:Oxygen|oxygen]], [[w:Helium|helium]], [[w:Iron|iron]] and [[w:Gold|gold]], and the unusual. It may be the first time you have heard of [[w:Indium|indium]], [[w:Technetium|technetium]], [[w:Terbium|terbium]] and [[w:Holmium|holmium]]. This is because each element has different occurrences in nature, with some orders of magnitude more common on Earth than others. For example, the highest atomic number element, element 118 [[w:Oganesson|Oganesson]] formally named in 2016, is so rare only 5 to 6 single atoms have been reported by scientists. These elements are so extremely rare, because as the number of protons increases in the nucleus of the atom, the more unstable the atom becomes. Atoms with more than 1 proton need additional neutrons to overcome the repulsion of the two or more protons. Protons are positively charged and will attract negatively charged electrons, but these positive charges also push protons away from each other. The addition of neutrons helps stabilize the nucleus allowing multiple protons to co-exist in the nucleus. In general, the more protons that an atom contains the more unstable the atom becomes, resulting in [[w:Radioactive decay|radioactive decay]]. This is why elements with large atomic numbers, like 90 for [[w:Thorium|Thorium]], 92 for [[w:Uranium|Uranium]] and 94 for [[w:Plutonium|Plutonium]] are radioactive. Scientists speculate on even higher atomic numbers beyond 118 might exist, where the atoms could be stable, but so far, they have not been discovered. Another important fact is that unlike electrons, protons have atomic mass. This important fact will be revisited when you learn how scientists determine what types of elements are actually within solids, liquids and gases. ===Neutrons=== The last component of atoms is neutrons. [[w:Neutron|Neutrons]], like protons have an [[w:Atomic Mass|atomic mass]], but lack any charge, and hence are electrically neutral in respect to electrons. Neutrons form in stars by the fusion of protons, but can also appear in the beta decay of atoms during nuclear fission. Unlike protons, which can be free and stable independent of electrons and neutrons (as hydrogen ions). Free neutrons quickly decay within a few minutes to protons when on Earth. These free neutrons are produced through beta decay of larger elements, but neutrons are stable within the cores of the densest stars, which can hold them together within their gigantic gravitational accelerations within the largest type of stars; [[w:Neutron star|neutron stars]]. Neutrons almost exclusively exist on Earth within atoms next to protons adding stability to atoms with more than 1 proton. Protons and neutrons are the only atomic particles within the nucleus, and the only atomic particles that contribute to an atom’s mass. {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto" |+ Book Page Navigation |- ! Previous !! Current !! Next |- | [[Planet Earth/3a. Gas, Liquid, Solid (and other states of matter). | a. Gas, Liquid, Solid (and other states of matter).]] || [[Planet Earth/3b. Atoms: Electrons, Protons and Neutrons. | b. Atoms: Electrons, Protons and Neutrons.]] || [[Planet Earth/3c. The Chart of the Nuclides. |c. The Chart of the Nuclides.]] |- |} {{BookCat}} rhqabgdgd38lsli4vt8g49vx77c7psq 0 417649 4673470 4673227 2026-10-01T15:51:14Z Tyoyafud 6233 /* Verb Stem Formants */ 4673470 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude> == The Verb Stem == [[File:Various forms of using the verb "to inform" in LSC.png|thumb|]] : Verbs in Mirad are listed in the dictionary under the present active infinitive (see [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Non-finite Forms]]), such as '''yexer'''....''to work''. The infinitive minus the '''er''' ending is the stem. The stem is used as the base for all other verbal instantiations. The infinitive as listed in the dictionary is usually active in voice, but occasionally a passive infinitive ending in '''-wer''' will be lexicalized because it is somehow special, so then, the stem is still the infinitive minus the '''-er''' ending. All Mirad verbs are conjugated in the same way and there are no exceptions. : This shows how to determine the '''''stem''''' of a verb listed in the dictionary: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Stems |- ! Simple Infinitive !! Stem<big>+</big>Infinitive Ending |- | '''yex<u>er</u>'''....''to work'' || '''yex<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''pos<u>er</u>'''....''to (come to a) stop'' || '''pos<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''x<u>er</u>'''....''to do'' || '''x<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''xw<u>er</u>'''....''to happen, be done'' (PASSIVE)|| '''xw<big>+</big>er''' |} === Verb Stem Formants === : A verb stem formant is a letter or group of letters at the end of a verb stem indicating: ::* '''the type of verb''': stative, active, gestural, of motion, of communication, of mental activity, etc. ::* '''certain traits''': active, passive, subject-oriented, patient-oriented, dynamic, intensive : The stems of most verbs end in one of the following verb formants: ::* '''s''' as in '''ser'''....''to be(come)'', <u>intransitive</u> verbs of being or becoming :::* '''aser'''....''to become'' :::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' :::* '''beser'''....''to stay'' :::* '''kyaser'''....''to change'' ::* '''x''' as in '''xer'''....''to do'', <u>transitive</u> verbs of action, doing, making, causation :::* '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' < '''aga'''....''big'' :::* '''uxer'''....''to cause'' < '''ux'''....''cause'' :::* '''yiklaxer'''....''to complicate'' < '''yikla'''....''complex'' :::* '''sanxer'''....''to form'' < '''san'''....''form'' ::* '''b''' as in '''ber'''....''to put'', transitive verbs of gesturing or putting :::* '''yaber'''....''to raise'' < '''yab'''....''up'' :::* '''yixber'''....''to put to use, deploy'' < '''yix'''....''use'' :::* '''ikber'''....''to fill'' < '''ik(a)'''....''full'' :::* '''abkyober''''....to affix'' < '''ab'''....''on'' + '''kyo(a)'''....''fixed'' ::* '''p''' as in '''per'''....''to go'', intransitive verbs of motion :::* '''aper'''....''to get on'' < '''a(b)'''....''on'' :::* '''uper'''....''to come'' < '''u(b)'''....''toward'' :::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' < '''po(p)'''....''trip'' :::* '''yaper'''....''to rise, get up'' < '''ya(b)'''....''up'' ::* '''d''' as in '''der'''....''to say'', transitive verbs of communication :::* '''gawder'''....''to repeat'' < '''gaw-'''....''re-'' :::* '''kyider'''....''to emphasize'' < '''kyi(a)'''....''heavy'' :::* '''afder'''....''to authorize'' < '''af'''....''permission'' :::* '''lofivader'''....''to disapprove'' < '''lo-'''....''dis-'' + '''fi(a)'''....''good'' + '''va'''....''yes'' ::* '''dr''' as in '''drer'''....''to write'', transitive verbs of writing :::* '''makdrer'''....''to text'' < '''mak'''....''electricity'' :::* '''Miradrer'''....''to write in Mirad'' < '''Mirad''' :::* '''monsandrer'''....''to ghostwrite'' < '''mon'''....''dark'' + '''san'''....''shape'' :::* '''ajdindrer'''....''to chronicle'' < '''aj'''....''past''....'''din'''....''story'' = ''history'' ::* '''t''' as in '''ter'''....''to know or see'', transitive verbs of mental states :::* '''teater'''....''to see'' < '''tea(b)'''....''eye'' :::* '''tayoter'''....''to feel'' < '''tayo(b)'''....''skin'' :::* '''tester'''....''to understand'' < '''tes'''....''meaning'' :::* '''nazter'''....''to value, to appreciate'' < '''naz'''....''value'' ::* '''tr''' as in '''trer'''....''to know (a person)'', transitive verbs of recognition :::* '''gawtrer'''....''to recognize'' < '''gaw-'''....''re-''' :::* '''ijtrer''''....''to get to know'' < '''ij'''....''start'' :::* '''yagtrer'''....''to experience'' < '''yag(a)'''....''long'' ::* '''ty''' as in '''tyer'''....''to know (how)'', transitive know-how verbs :::* '''daztyer'''....''to know how to dance'' < '''daz'''....''dance'' :::* '''deuztyer'''....''to know how to sing'' < '''deuz'''....''song'' :::* '''fiktyer'''....''to master'' < '''fik(a)'''....''perfect'' : A few verb stems ending in '''k''', '''z''', '''f''', '''v''', '''j''', '''l''', and '''r''' have no formants in their base dictionary form. : K-stem transitive verbs of risk: ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' ::* '''eker'''...''to play, risk'' ::* '''oker'''....''to lose'' ::* '''yaker'''....''to expect'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to try'' ::* '''yoker'''....''to be surprised'' ::* '''yiker'''....''to find it hard'' ::* '''yuker'''....''to find it easy'' : Z-stem transitive verbs of art: ::* '''dazer'''....''to dance'' ::* '''dyazer'''....''to perform ballet'' ::* '''dezer'''....''to perform'' ::* '''doldezer'''....''to pantomime'' ::* '''dizer'''....''to clown around'' ::* '''duzer'''....''to play music'' ::* '''domepduzer'''....''to busk'' ::* '''drezer'''....''to create poetry'' ::* '''dresyozer'''....''to engrave'' ::* '''druzer'''....''to compose music'' ::* '''doteuzer'''....''to vote'' ::* '''sizer'''....''to paint'' ::* '''imsizer'''....''to fresco'' ::* '''sazer'''....''to sculpt'' ::* '''syozer'''....''to engrave'' ::* '''volzer'''....''to color'' : F- and V-stem modal verbs: ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' ::* '''afer'''....''to have permission'' ::* '''efer'''....''to need'' ::* '''ifer'''....''to love'' ::* '''iyfer'''....''to like'' ::* '''ofer'''....''to be prohibited'' ::* '''yafer'''....''to be able'' ::* '''yefer'''....''to have to'' ::* '''yeyfer'''....''should'' ::* '''yofer'''....''to be unable'' ::* '''yifer'''....''to dare'' ::* '''yufer'''....''to fear'' ::* '''yiver'''....''have a right to'' ::* '''yuver'''....''to be supposed to'' : L- and R-stem verbs ::* '''baler'''....''to press'' ::* '''barer'''....''to crush'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry' ::* '''boler'''....''to support'' ::* '''biler'''....''to obtain'' ::* '''birer'''....''to grab'' ::* '''buler'''....''to grant'' ::* '''burer'''....''to concede'' ::* '''daler'''...''to speak'' ::* '''deler'''....''do declare'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be silent' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' ::* '''duler'''....''to insist'' : The above verbs are transitive except '''doler'''. : The following J-stem verbs are <u>intransitive automatic zero-formant</u> verbs: : J-stem verbs intransitive verbs relating time activites: ::* '''ijer'''....''to begin'' ::* '''ujer'''....''to finish'' ::* '''yijer'''....''to open'' ::* '''yujer'''....''to close'' ::* '''tijer'''....''to be awake'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' ::* '''tajer'''....''to be born'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' : All of the above '''j''' stems are intransitive automatic verbs and cannot be passivized. : Verb stems ending in '''j''', however, can take the active transitive dynamic formant '''b''' which can then be passivized with '''w'''. Or, they can take the intransitive dynamic formant '''p''', which cannot be passivized. ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' (intransitive automatic) ::* '''tojper'''....''to drop dead'' (intransitive dynamic) ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' (transitive dynamic) ::* '''tojbwer'''....''to be killed'' (transitive passive dynamic) : There are two formants, '''l''' and '''r''' that act as intensifiers and can be applied to any stems except the L and R stems (like '''baler'''....''to press''): ::* '''l''' (intensive verbs) :::* '''fler'''....''to yearn'' ( < '''fer''' = ''to want'') :::* '''gobler'''....''to cut'' ( < '''gober''' = ''to subtract'') :::* '''ebler'''....''to obstruct'' ( < '''eber''' = ''to get in the way of'') :::* '''ibler'''....''to collect'' ( < '''iber''' = ''to receive'') :::* '''yabler'''....''to hoist'' ( < '''yaber''' = ''to raise'') :::* '''buxler'''....''to shove'' ( < '''buxer''' = ''to push'') :::* '''yujler'''....''to lock'' ( < '''yujer''' = ''to close'') ::* '''r''' (more intensive verbs) :::* '''frer'''....''to crave'' :::* '''abbaxrer'''....''to rub'' ( < '''abbaxer'''....''to caress'') :::* '''abbyuxrer'''....''to stomp on'' ( < '''abbyux'''....''to touch on, impact'') :::* '''apaxrer'''....''to scrub'' ( < '''apaxer'''....''to wipe'') :::* '''byexrer'''....''to thrash'' ( < '''byexer'''....''to hit'') :::* '''buxrer'''....''to drive'' ( < '''buxer'''....''to push'') :::* '''yujrer'''....''to slam shut'' ( < '''yujer'''....''to close'') : Here are examples of J-stems that take the intensifying formants '''l''' and '''r''', eg.: ::* '''yujer'''....''to close'' (intransitive automatic) ::* '''yujler'''....''to lock'' (intransitive automatic intensive) ::* '''yujper'''....''to come to a close'' (intransitive dynamic) ::* '''yujprer'''....''to slam shut'' (intransitive automatic very intensive) ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' (transitive dynamic) ::* '''yujbwer'''....''to be closed" (transitive passive dynamic) ::* '''yujler'''....''to lock (intransitive automatic intensive) ::* '''yujbler'''....''to lock (transitive dynamic intensive) ::* '''yujbrer'''....''to slam shut (transitive dynamic very intensive) ::* '''yujbrwer'''....''to be slammed shut (transitive dynamic very intensive passive) : Verb stems ending in '''j''', '''s''', or '''p''' are invariably intransitive and cannot be made passive. All other verb stems, except '''doler''' (''to be silent''), can be made passive with the addition of '''w'''. The passifying '''w''' is always the last formant of any stem. :: '''saxer'''....''to make'' > '''saxwer'''....''to be made'' :: '''baler'''....''to press'' > '''balwer'''....''to be pressed'' :: '''yaker'''....''to expect'' > '''yakwer'''....''to be expected'' : Stems can sometimes be altered with the following directional formants: ::* '''-i-''' (subject-oriented) ::* '''-u-''' (patient-oriented) : Examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs with i/u Formants |- ! Verb || Modification |- | rowspan=2|'''ber'''....''to put'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' |- || '''buer'''....''to give'' |- | rowspan=2|'''ter'''....''to know'' || '''tier'''....''to find out'' |- || '''tuer'''....''to inform'' |- | rowspan=2|'''trer'''....''to be familiar with'' || '''trier'''....''to become familiar with'' |- || '''truer'''....''to familiarize, introduce'' |- | rowspan=2|'''tyer'''....''to know how'' || '''tyier'''....''to master'' |- || '''tyuer'''....''to train'' |- | rowspan=2|'''taxer'''....''to remember'' || '''taxier'''....''to commit to memory'' |- || '''taxuer'''....''to remind'' |- |rowspan=2| '''per'''....''to go'' || '''pier'''....''to leave'' |- || '''puer'''....''to arrive'' |- | rowspan=2|'''xer'''....''to do'' || '''xier'''....''to result in'' |- || '''xuer'''....''to affect'' |- | rowspan=2|'''buker'''....''to hurt'' || '''bukier'''....''to sustain an injury'' |- || '''bukuer'''....''to inflict an injury'' |- | rowspan=2|'''ifer'''....''to love'' || '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' |- || '''ifuer'''....''to please'' |- | rowspan=2|'''der'''....''to say'' || '''dier'''....''to ask'' |- || '''duer'''....''to suggest'' |- | rowspan=2|'''til'''....''a drink'' || '''tilier'''....''to take a drink'' |- || '''tiluer'''....''to pour a drink'' |- | rowspan=2|'''tel'''....''food'' || '''telier'''....''to eat'' |- || '''teluer'''....''to feed'' |- | rowspan=2|'''abbaun'''....''cover'' || '''abbaunier'''....''to take cover'' |- || '''abbaunuer'''....''to provide cover'' |- | rowspan=2|'''abfin'''....''advantage'' || '''abfinier'''....''to take advantage of'' |- || '''abfinuer'''....''to favor'' |} : The following table shows how stems can be intensified in meaning with '''-l-''' and '''-r-''': ::* '''-l-''' (intense) ::* '''-r-''' (more intense) : Examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs with Modified Formants |- ! Verb || Modification |- ! Normal !! Intense !! More Intense |- | '''baxer'''....''to stir'' || '''baxler'''....''to rustle'' || '''baxrer'''....''to shake'' |- | '''yaber'''....''to raise'' (trans.) || '''yabler'''....''to elevate'' || '''yaprer'''....''to hoist'' |- | '''yaper'''....''to ascend'' (intrans.)|| '''yapler'''....''to climb''|| '''yaprer'''....''to scramble up'' |- | '''apaxer'''....''to wipe'' || '''apaxler'''....''to sweep'' || '''apaxrer'''....''to scrub'' |- | '''byexer'''....''to strike'' ||'''byexler'''....''to trounce'' || '''byexrer'''....''to thrash'' |} : The intransitive zero-formant verbs whose stem ends in '''-k''' can take formants as well: ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' (transitive) ::* '''akler'''....''to vanquish, beat'' (transitive intense) ::* '''akrer'''....''to triumph'' (transitive more intense) ::* '''biker'''....''to care about'' (transitive) ::* '''bikier'''....''to take care'' (transitive subject-oriented) ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' (transitive patient-oriented) ::* '''bikuwer'''....''to be cared for'' (transitive patient-oriented passive) ::* '''yeker'''....''to try'' (transitive) ::* '''yekler'''....''to strive'' (transitive intensive) ::* '''yekrer'''....''to struggle'' (transitive more intensive) ::* '''yekier'''....''to undertake'' (transitive subject-oriented) ::* '''yekuer'''....''to challenge'' (transitive patient-oriented) ::* '''yekuwer'''....''to be challenged'' (transitive patient-oriented passive) ::* '''bakser'''....''to get healthy, heal'' (intransitve) ::* '''bakxer'''....''to make healthy, heal'' (transitive) ::* '''bakxwer'''....''to be healed'' (transitive passive) : The zero-formant verb stems in '''-f-''' and '''-v-''' are modal verbs and these can take a combination of additional formants, eg.: :* '''ifer'''....''to love'' ::* '''ifler'''....''to have affection for'' ::* '''ifrer'''....''to adore'' ::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy, to take pleasure in'' ::* '''ifuer'''....''to please, to give pleasure to'' :::* '''ifluer'''....''to delight'' :::* '''ifruer'''....''to ravish'' :::* '''ifruwer'''....''to be ravished'' ::* '''ifxer'''....''to gratify, to divert'' ::* '''ifser'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''ifwer'''....''to be loved'' ::* '''ifrwer'''....''to be adored'' :* '''fer'''....''to want'' ::* '''fler'''....''to yearn for'' ::* '''frer'''....''to crave'' ::* '''fruer'''....''fill with a craving for'' :* '''yufer'''....''to fear'' ::* '''yufler'''....''to dread'' ::* '''yufrer'''....''to tremble in fear of'' ::* '''yufruer'''....''to frighten'' ::* '''yufruwer'''....''to be frightened'' ::* '''yufxer'''....''to scare'' ::* '''yufxwer'''....''to be scared'' :* '''yiver'''....''to have the right to'' ::* '''yivser'''....''to become free'' ::* '''yivxer'''....''to free, to liberate'' ::* '''yivxwer'''....''to be freed'' :* '''yafer'''....''to be able'' ::* '''yafxer'''....''to enable'' ::* '''yafxwer'''....''to be enabled'' ::* '''yafuer'''....''to empower'' ::* '''yafluer'''....''to coerce'' ::* '''yafier'''....''to take power'' ::* '''yaflier'''....''to grab power'' ::* '''ofer'''....''to lack permission to'' ::* '''ofxer'''....''to prohibit'' ::* '''ofxwer'''....''to be prohibited'' : Again, the '''w''' passive formant is always the last in a sequence of formants: ::* '''ifruwer'''....''to be ravished'' ::* '''efxwer'''....''to be necessitated'' == Verb Categories == : Verbs have '''''morphological categories''''', which involve changes to the verb not always found in the dictionary, but developed through rule-bound affixation (such as ''live'', ''lives'', ''lived'', ''living''). They also have '''''lexical categories''''', which involve derived forms usually listed in dictionaries (''enjoy'', ''enjoyable'', ''enjoyment'') === Morphological Categories === : Verbs are inflected with the following '''''morphological categories''''': ::* '''''2 states''''': finite, non-finite ::* '''''4 tenses''''': present, past, future, atemporal¹ ::* '''''5 aspects''''': simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential ::* '''''2 voices''''': active, passive ::* '''''2 moods''''': indicative, hypothetical :<small>'''''Note 1:''''' The term "atemporal" means that tense is not marked. For example, in Mirad, '''Pu!''' is the imperative of the verb '''per'''....''to go''. It means ''Go!'' and is atemporal. The '''-u''' ending is an atemporal hypothetical mood marker.</small> : In effect, the PERSON/NUMBER category is not listed above, because this category does not affect the morphology of the Mirad verb form itself. The Mirad verb form stays the same for all persons and numbers. That information is contained in the external subject pronouns governing the verb. In English, for example, the verb "be" has several different forms in the present tense verb form depending on the person and number (I <u>am</u>, you <u>are</u>, he <u>is</u>, we <u>are</u>, etc.), but not so in Mirad. The following chart shows how the English pattern differs from the corresponding single Mirad verb form '''se''' for all persons and numbers: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller" |+ Verb '''ser''' (''to be'') Unchanged for person/number |- ! Person !! Number !! English !! Mirad |- !row=1| 1st !! row=1 rowspan=3| Singular | ''I <u>am</u>'' || '''at <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 2nd | ''you <u>are</u>'' || '''et <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 3rd | ''he/she <u>is</u>'' || '''it <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 1st !! row=1 rowspan=3| Plural | ''we <u>are</u>'' || '''yat <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 2nd | ''you (pl.) <u>are</u>'' || '''yet <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 3rd | ''they <u>are</u>'' || '''yit <u>se</u>''' |} : This invariability of person/number exists for all tenses. === Lexical Categories === :: In addition, verbs can be described in terms of the following opposing '''''lexical''''' categories. By lexical, is meant that verbs having different lexical properties are listed in the dictionary and have nothing to do with conjugation. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Verb Lexical Categories |- ! Stative !! Dynamic |- | '''ser'''....''to be'' || '''xer'''....''to do'' |- ! Intransitive !! Transitive |- | '''agaser'''....''to grow large'' || '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' |- ! Subject-directed !! Patient-directed |- | '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''buer'''....''to give'' |- ! Reflexive !! Non-reflexive |- | '''utvyixer'''....''to wash up (wash oneself)'' || '''vyixer'''....''to wash'' |- ! Inchoative !! Causative |- | '''tujper'''....''fall asleep'' || '''tujber'''....''put to sleep'' |- ! Autonomous !! Dynamic |- | '''yijer'''....''to open (by itself)'' || '''yijber'''....''to (make it) open'' |- ! Reciprocal !! Non-reciprocal |- | '''hyuittujber'''....''to kill one another'' || '''tujber'''....''to kill'' |- ! Gestural !! Locomotive |- | '''baser'''....''to stir, budge'' || '''paser'''....''to move'' |- ! Subject-oriented !! Object-oriented |- | '''teetyiker'''....''to be hard of hearing'' || '''teetyikwer'''....''to be hard to hear'' |} == Non-finite Forms == : '''''Non-finite verb forms''''' are ::* not conjugated for person or number ::* cannot form a predicate ::* and do not have a subject. : There are three kinds of non-finite verb forms in Mirad: ::* '''''infinitives''''': the dictionary lookup form of a verb, ending in '''-er''' :::* '''der'''....''to say'', '''tixayer'''....''to have studied'', '''xwer'''....''to be done'' ::* '''''gerunds''''': verbal nouns, ending in '''-en''' :::* '''byasen'''....''(the act of) standing'' ::* '''''participles''''': verbal adjectives, ending in '''-a''' :::* '''tejea'''....''living (alive)'', '''twa'''....''known'', '''piya'''....''departed'' === Infinitives === : Verbs are listed in the dictionary under the '''''active voice simple aspect infinitive''''' form, which always ends in '''er''' and means ''to X'', or rarely the passive voice simple aspect infinitive form, which ends in '''wer''' and means ''to be Xed''. The part of the verb form minus the '''-er''' or '''-wer''' is the '''''verb stem'''''. Very rarely at verb can be expressed as a past active or past passive infinitive in '''ayer''' and '''awer''', respectively. (For example: '''Tejayer boy ifawer naze glo.'''....''To have lived without having loved counts little.''). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em" |+ Infinitive Stems |- ! Infinitivw || Stem !! Ending |- | '''agser'''....''to grow'' || '''ags-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''igxer'''....''to quicken'' || '''igx-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''per'''....''to go'' || '''p-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''xwer'''....''to happen, be done'' || '''x-''' || '''-wer''' |- | '''tejayer'''....''to have lived'' || '''tej-''' || '''-ayer''' |- | '''ifawer'''....''to have loved'' || '''if-''' || '''-awer''' |} : The infinitive in Mirad is used very much as its counterpart in English. The infinitive can be marked for two aspects (simple, perfect) and two voices (active, passive), as shown in the chart below, where the verb stems are underlined: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Active and Passive Infinitive Stems |- ! Aspect !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Simple | '''<u>igx</u>er'''....''to quicken'' || '''<u>igx</u>wer'''....''to be quickened'' |- !row=1| Perfect | '''<u>igx</u>ayer'''....''to have quickened'' || '''<u>igx</u>awer'''....''to have been quickened'' |} : In the above chart, ::* the verb stem is '''igx-''' and ::* the infinitive marker is '''-er'''; ::* the simple aspect active voice marker is zero; ::* the simple aspect passive voice marker is '''w'''; ::* the perfect aspect active voice marker is '''-ay-'''; ::* the past aspect passive voice marker is '''-aw-'''. The passive voice infinitive of a verb will not appear in the dictionary unless it has a special meaning, such as '''xwer''' ''to happen (= to be done)''. The perfect infinitives are never listed in the dictionary. === Gerunds === : The gerund is a verbal noun like English ''playing'' in ''playing ball.'' : The gerund has two possible '''''aspects''''' (simple and perfect) and two possible '''''voices''''' (active and passive): {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em; " |+ Gerund Formation |- ! Aspect !! Voice !! Ending !! Example |- !row=1| Simple !! Active | '''-en''' || '''agax<u>en</u>'''....''magnifiying, magnification'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Passive | '''-wen''' || '''agax<u>wen</u>'''....''being magnified'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Active | '''-ayen''' || '''byek<u>ayen</u>'''....''having cured'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Passive | '''-awen''' || '''byek<u>awen</u>'''....''having been cured'' |} : Note: Intransitive verbs like '''per''' ''to go'' do not have a passive gerund form. : Lexicalized gerunds, such as '''sanxen''' ''formation, forming'' generally appear in the dictionary in the active voice. : Some examples of gerund usage: ::* ('''sanxer'''....''to form'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ha <u>sanxen</u> bi hia mar efxa amroni bi jabi.'''....''The <u>forming</u> (or: <u>formation</u>) of this star took millions of years.'' ::* ('''deuzer'''....''to sing'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Iyta <u>deuzen</u> sa gla via.'''....''Her <u>singing</u> was very beautiful.'' ::* ('''poper'''....''to travel'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Popen</u> se yika yex.'''....''<u>Traveling</u> is hard work.'' ::* ('''teeter'''....''to hear'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Teetwen</u> fiay se teskyia av dezuti.'''....''<u>Being heard</u> well is important for actors.'' ::* ('''teater'''....''to see'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Teaten</u> se <u>vyatexen</u>.'''.....''<u>Seeing</u> is <u>believing</u>.'' ::* ('''uper'''....''to come'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''His se ha jeb bi <u>Upen</u>.'''....''This is the season of <u>Advent</u> (coming).'' ::* ('''tadier'''....''to get married'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ata <u>tadiayen</u> ewa jodi bixa tepzex.'''....''My <u>having married</u> twice drew attention.'' ::* ('''aker'''....''to win'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''At voy ta ita <u>akawen</u> hua nuz.'''....''I did not know about his <u>having won</u> that prize.'' : Gerunds, being verb forms, can take direct and indirect objects: ::* '''At ifxwe bey eta buayen at hua nas.'''....''I am pleased by your having given me that money.'' ::* '''Tojben eut voy se kexbiyaf.'''....''Killing yourself is not an option.'' : The special gerundive ending '''-eyn''' gives a nuance emphasizing the action as a single act, much like the English endings ''-ment'' or ''-tion''. Here are a few examples showing the difference between '''-en''' and '''-eyn'''. ::* '''yanlaxen'''....''combining''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yanlaxeyn'''....''combination'' ::* '''xen'''....''doing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''xeyn'''....''action, deed'' ::* '''zayben'''....''advancing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zaybeyn'''....''advancement'' : Another special gerundive (but lexical) ending is '''-un''', which expresses the result of an action, eg.: ::* '''zyegxer'''....''to puncture''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zyegxun'''....''a puncture'' ::* '''zyeuber'''....''to transmit''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zyeubun'''....''a broadcast'' ::* '''deuzer'''....''to sing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''deuzun'''....''a song'' === Participles === : Participles are verbal adjectives and can modify nouns and pronouns. Since they act as adjectives, they have the adjectival ending '''-a'''. Participles are marked by '''''aspect''''' (simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential) and '''''voice''''' (active, passive). : The aspect markers per voice are: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Aspect Markers |- ! Aspect !! Voice !! Form !! Example |- ! rowspan=2| Progressive ! rowspan=1 | Active | '''-ea-''' || '''tejea'''....''living'' |- ! rowsspan=1 | Passive | '''wea''' || '''xwea'''....''happening, being done'' |- ! rowspan=2| Perfect ! rowspan=1 |Active | '''-ya''' || '''pya'''....''gone'' (< '''pyaa'''¹) |- ! rowspan=1| Passive | '''-wa''' || '''xwa'''....''done'' (< '''xwaa'''¹) |- ! rowspan=2| Imminent ! Active | '''-oa''' || '''tojoa'''....''about to die'' |- ! rowspan=1 | Passive | '''-woa''' || '''dodelwoa'''....''about to be announced'' |- ! rowspan=2| Potential ! Active | '''-ua''' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' |- ! rowspan=1| Passive | '''-wua''' || '''opoxwua'''....''unstoppable'' |} : <small>¹: The double '''aa''' in the perfect endings is reduced to '''a'''.</small> : '''''Note 1:''''' The perfect active particple ending in '''-ya''' is used only for intransitive verbs like '''per''' (''to go''). '''He is <u>gone</u>.''' is expressed by '''Wit se <u>pya</u>'''. : '''''Note 2:''''' The potential aspect, represented by the vowel '''u''' is much like the conditional in English, but is not considered a tense in Mirad. For example, '''tojbu''' means ''would kill'' and the participle '''tojbua''' means ''lethal'' (referring to something that ''would/has the potential to kill''). More about this in a later section. : '''''Note 3:''''' There is another form of the progressive participle that falls in the lexical, rather than morphological category, in that such forms are listed in the dictionary as adjectives. For example, in the phrase ''The animals <u>bothering</u> our bird feeder...'', the participle ''bothering'' would be '''oboxea''' in Mirad. By inserting the letter '''y''' between the verb stem and the participial ending, the participle becomes an adjective denoting a propensity or habit, as in ''bothersome'' ('''obox<u>y</u>ea'''). Such participles are invariably in the active voice. Most such adjectives in English end in ''-ive'' as in ''repulsive'' or ''-ly'' as in ''wiggly'' or ''-ous'' as in ''circuitous.'' Such adjectives in Mirad are listed in the dictionary and end in '''-yea'''. : Adverbial participles can be made from the above adjectival participles, by suffixing the letter '''y'''. Examples: ::* '''Iyt yepa ha tim <u>deuzeay</u>.'''....''She entered the room <u>singing</u>.'' ::* '''<u>Ujbaway</u> ha dodal, it pia.'''....''The speech <u>having been finished</u>, he left.'' : Also, the above participles can be converted into abstract nouns by suffixing '''n'''. Examples: ::* '''tiluwa'''....''drinkable'' <big>→</big> '''tiluwan'''....''potability'' ::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' <big>→</big> '''tojbuan'''....''lethality'' ::* '''mansea'''....''shining'' <big>→</big> '''he <u>mansean</u> bi iyta deuzen'''....''the <u>brilliance</u> of her singing'' ::* '''aakaxyea'''....''inventive'' <big>→</big> '''aakaxyean'''....''inventiveness'' : Furthermore, these participles can sometimes be pronominalized with '''s''' for things and '''t''' for people or living things. These forms can, in turn, be pluralized: ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' <big>→</big> '''xwas'''....''what is done, a happening'' ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' <big>→</big> '''xwasi'''....''happenings, deeds'' ::* '''otwa'''....''unknown'' <big>→</big> '''otwas'''....''what is not known, a mystery'' ::* '''osexea'''....''destroying'' <big>→</big> '''osexeas'''....''a destroyer'' ::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' <big>→</big> '''tojbuas'''....''something lethal, a lethal thing'' ::* '''tojboa'''....''moribund'' <big>→</big> '''tojboati'''....''people about to die, fatal cases'' ::* '''tejea'''....''living'' <big>→</big> '''tejeat'''....''a living person'' ::* '''tejea'''....''living'' <big>→</big> '''tejeasi'''....''living things'' : There is a special tenseless, nominalized, animate participle used for '''''agent''''' nouns (English ''one who does something, Xer'', ''Xant'', ''Xist''), which refers to a person who habitually does some action, perhaps as a profession or trade. These agent nouns end in '''-ut'''. ::* '''sexut'''....''builder'' ::* '''nuut'''....''supplier'' ::* '''tojbut'''....''killer'' ::* '''ifut'''....''lover'' ::* '''akuti'''....''winners'' : Note: There is a slight difference of meaning between the tensed participial pronoun '''ha akeat'''....''the one winning'' and the non-tensed agent noun '''ha akut'''....''the winner''. : Similarly, there is a special tenseless, nominalized, <u>in</u>animate participle used for a thing that performs the action denoted by the verb stem. These agent nouns end in '''-us'''. ::* '''yuxus'''....''aid (a thing that helps)'' ::* '''byuxwus'''....''button (a thing that gets touched on the keyboard)'' ::* '''paxus'''....''motive (a thing that moves one)'' ::* '''jaupus'''....''precedent (a thing that comes before)'' : The above '''-us''' ending contrasts with the endings '''-ar''' (''instrument''), '''-ir''' (''machine''), '''-ur''' (''motor, engine''), which are physical objects and not always suffixed to a verbal root. == Finite Forms == [[File:Auxiliary verbs tree 3.png|thumb|]] : In Mirad, finite verb forms are those that can take a person subject, serve as a predicate, and be conjugated. Finite verb forms are conjugated by using suffixes indicating, through their presence or absence, the following categories: <div style="background: lightyellow;{{text default color}};"> ::* TENSES :::# '''''present''''' :::# '''''past''''' :::# '''''future''''' :::# '''''atemporal''''' ::* MOODS :::# '''''indicative''''' :::# '''''hypothetical''''' ::* ASPECTS :::# '''''simple''''' :::# '''''progressive''''' :::# '''''perfect''''' :::# '''''imminent''''' :::# '''''potential''''' ::* VOICES :::# '''''active''''' :::# '''''passive''''' :::# '''''reflexive''''' :::# '''''reciprocal''''' </div> : Person and number are not marked on the verb form itself. For example, ''am'', ''is'', ''are'', which change according to the person subject in English, are all expressed with the same verb form in Mirad: '''se'''. Thus, '''at se'''....''I am'', '''et se'''....''you are'', '''it se'''....''he/she/it is'', etc. === Moods === : There are two moods in Mirad: ::* '''''indicative''''' ::* '''''hypothetical'''''. ===== Indicative Mood ===== : The '''''indicative''''' form of the verb indicates an action or state that occurs in actual time, such as ''he went'', ''he is going'', ''he will go.'' : The indicative mood has three tenses, '''''present''''', '''''past''''', '''''future''''', indicated by the suffixes '''-e''', '''-a''', and '''-o''', respectively. ===== Hypothetical Mood ===== : Wheras the indicative verb forms expresses actuality in time, the '''''hypothetical mood''''' expresses one of the non-actuality situations below and uses the vowel '''u'''. ::* a command , i.e. the '''''imperative''''' (''Go!'') ::* a wish or suggestion, i.e. the '''''hortative''''' or '''''jussive''''' (''May the king live long!'', ''Let's celebrate!'') ::* an unrealized situation, i.e. the '''''subjunctive''''' (''It is important that you <u>be</u> early.'') ::* an imagined if-then-situation, i.e. the '''''conditional''''' (''If I <u>were</u> rich, I <u>would be</u> happy.'') === Aspects === : There are five aspects in the Mirad verb system. <div style="background: lightyellow;{{text default color}};"> ::* the '''''simple''''' aspect (default), i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional. ::* the '''''progressive''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state on-going in the particular tense, using '''ey''' ::* the '''''perfective''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state anterior or already completed, using '''ay''' ::* the '''''imminent''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state about to happen, using '''oy''' ::* the '''''potential''''' aspect, i.e. an action potentially happening, using '''uy''' </div> ===== The Simple Aspect ===== :: Unless specifically marked, the default aspect is '''''simple''''', i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional. Three indicative tenses can be expressed in the simple aspect: ::* Present with '''e''' ::* Past with '''a''' ::* Future with '''o'''. :: An atemporal verb ending in '''u''' in the simple aspect is considered hypothetical and expresses three things, depending on how it is used in the sentence: ::* a conditional like ''I would go (if...)'' ::* an imperative like ''Go!'' ::* a hortative like ''Let's go!'' ::* a subjunctive like ''(It is important that) we go.'' :: Here is a chart showing the simple, active voice instantiations of the Mirad verb '''per''' (''to go'') with the endings underlined: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em;" |+ Simple Active Conjugation of '''Per''' |- ! Mood !! Tense !! Aspect !! Voice !! Instantiation !! Verb '''per''' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Present !! Simple !! Active !! | '''At p<u>e</u>'''....''I go'' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Past !! Simple !! Active !! | '''At p<u>a</u>'''....''I went'' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Future !! Simple !! Active !! |'''At p<u>o</u>'''....''I will go'' |- !row=1 rowspan=4 | Hypothetical !rowspan=4| Atemporal !rowspan=4| Simple !rowspan=4| Active ! Conditional |'''At p<u>u</u>'''....''I would go'' |- ! Hortative/Optative/Jussive |'''Van yat p<u>u</u>!'''....''Let's go!'' |- ! Imperative |'''P<u>u</u> tam!'''....''Go home!'' |- ! Subjunctive |'''Se efwa van et p<u>u</u>.'''....''It is necessary that you go.'' |} : Note that the last four instantiations are the same tense, but differ in syntax. For example, if the verb form is hypothetical, atemporal, simple, active and has no subject, it operates as an imperative. ==== The Simple Indicative Present Active Tense ==== :: The simple indicative present instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''e''' and has a non-progressive ('''''habitual''''') aspect as in English ''I work'' or ''I live''. Progressive aspect forms like ''I am studying'' are explained later. :: Examples: :::* '''At <u>yexe</u> be tam.''' ....''I <u>work</u> at home''. :::* '''Hia tom <u>se</u> nam.''' ....''This building <u>is</u> a store.'' :::* '''Ha amur <u>yuzpe</u> ha imer.'''....''The moon <u>goes around</u> the earth.'' ==== The Simple Indicative Past Active Tense ==== : The simple indicative past tense instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''a''' and has a non-progressive (punctual) meaning as in English ''I did something at some particular point in time''. The simple past contrasts in aspect with the past progressive (''I was doing something'') or the present perfect (''I have done something''), or past potential (''I would have done something''). The simple past is punctual, that is, it describes an event that occurred at a particular point in time. : Examples: ::* '''Iyt <u>iba</u> ha nyuf zojub.''' ....''She <u>received</u> the package yesterday.'' ::* '''At <u>ujba</u> ha dyes ji iwa jwobi.''' ....''I <u>finished</u> the book three hours ago.'' ::* '''His <u>kyesa</u> exag hijub.'''....''This <u>happened</u> twice today.'' ==== The Simple Indicative Future Active Tense ==== : The simple indicative future tense is marked with the vowel suffix '''o''' and has the same meaning as in English ''I will do something at some particular point in the future''. : Examples: ::* '''Yit <u>tadso</u> zajab.'''....''They <u>are going to get married</u> next year.'' ::* '''Hua kaxon <u>ujako</u>.''' ....''That solution <u>will work</u>.'' ::* '''At <u>so</u> him hoj et <u>upo</u>.'''....''I <u>will be</u> here when you <u>(will) come.</u>¹'' :: Note 1: Unlike in English, Mirad does not use the present tense for a real future. There is also no sequence of tenses in Mirad (such as, ''He said he was coming.''. In Mirad, this would be expressed as ''He said he <u>will</u> come.''). ==== The Simple Hypothetical Atemporal Active Tense ==== : A verb form ending in '''u''' like '''pu''' has no time value and is used to express unreal actions or states, such as the '''''imperative''''', '''''hortative''''', '''''conditional''''', or '''''subjunctive'''''. : Examples: ::* '''<u>Upu</u> him!'''....''<u>Come</u> here!'' ('''''imperative''''') ::* '''<u>Von upu</u>!''' ....''<u>Don't come</u>!'' ('''''negative imperative''''') ::* '''Ha edeb <u>fu</u> teater et.''' ....''The king <u>would like</u> to see you.'' ('''''conditional''''') ::* '''Ven at <u>su</u> et, at <u>dolu</u>.''' ....''If I <u>were</u> you, I <u>would be</u> quiet.'' ('''''conditional''''') ::* '''Van yeyt <u>ujaku</u> be yeyta yexneadi.''' ....''May all you (women) <u>succeed</u> in your careers.'' ('''''hortative''''') ::* '''Van yat <u>ijbu</u> bay fyadil.''' ....''Let's <u>begin</u> with a prayer.'' ('''''jussive''''') ::* '''Se kyitesa <u>van et puu</u> jwa.''' ....''It's important <u>that you arrive</u> early.'' ('''''subjunctive''''') ::* '''Se kyitesa <u>von et puu</u> jwo.'''....''It's important <u>that you not arrive</u> late.'' ('''''negative subjunctive''''') : Hypothetical verb forms ending in '''-u''' can be interpreted in various ways, depending on the following syntactical patterns in the sentence: ::* Generally, if a verb form ending in '''-u''' begins a sentence and has no subject, then it is an IMPERATIVE (a command). For example, '''Ipu!''', ''Go away!''. ::* If the verb form has a subject not preceded by the complementizers '''van''', '''ven''', or '''von''', then it is probably a conditional predicate like '''At fu per.'''....''I <u>would like</u> to go.''. ::* If the subject of the verb is preceded by '''ven'''....''if'', then it is a conditional clause as in '''Ven at <u>su</u> nasikat...'''....''If I <u>were</u> a rich man.''. ::* If the subject is preceded by '''Van'''....''that/let/may'' or '''von'''....''don't'', then it is a hortative wish like '''Van et yagteju.'''....''May you live long.'' or a jussive suggestion like '''Van yat fyadilu.'''....''Let us pray.'' or a prohibition like '''Von tiliu his!'''....''Don't drink this!''. === Voices === : Mirad has four voices: ::* Active ::* Passive ::* Reflexive ::* Reciprocal. ==== Active Voice ==== : The default voice is active, i.e. the subject of the verb is doing the action. ::* '''At teata ha kyes.'''....''I saw the event.'' ==== Passive Voice ==== : A verb form is converted from active to passive by inserting a '''w''' just after the stem of the verb form. The past passive particle ending '''-waa''' is usually abbreviated to '''-wa''' (''done'' is '''xwa'''). : The following chart shows the distinction between active and passive voice of various verbs: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:4.8em" |+ Contrasting Active and Passive Voice ! Verb Form !! Active !! Active<br>Example !! Passive !! Passive<br>Example |- !row=1| Infinitive | '''xer'''<br>''to do'' || '''At fe xer fi.'''<br>''I want to do well.'' || '''xwer'''<br>''to be done'' || '''Ese hyos xwer.'''<br>''There is nothing to be done.'' |- !row=1| Present Participle | '''sexea'''<br>''constructing'' || '''Ha nunxob sexea hia tom...'''<br>''The firm constructing this building...''|| '''sexewa'''<br>''being constructed'' || '''His se sexewa.'''<br>''This is under construction.'' |- !row=1| Present | '''xe'''<br>''do/does'' ||'''At xe fi be tixam.'''<br>''I do well in school.'' || '''xwe'''<br>''is done'' || '''Huyenasi hoj xwe.'''<br>''Such things are never done.'' |- !row=1| Past Participle | '''xaa'''<br>''having done'' || '''Iyt, xaa hya iyta yex,...'''<br>''She, having done all her work,...'' ||'''xwa'''<br>''done'' || '''Hyas se xwa.'''<br>''Everything is done.'' |- !row=1| Past | '''tojba'''<br>''killed'' || '''Duhot tojba hwut?'''<br>''Who killed that guy?'' || '''tojbwa'''<br>''was killed'' || '''Duhoj wit tojbwa?'''<br>''When was he killed?'' |- !row=1| Hypothetical | '''bakxu'''<br>''heal'' || '''Bakxu at!'''<br>''Heal me!'' || '''bakxwu'''<br>''be healed'' || '''Van iyt bakxwu.'''<br>''May she be healed.'' |} : Intransitive verbs cannot be made passive. For example, '''tajer'''....''to be born'' is intransitive (takes no object) and has no passive voice form. However, the transitive verb '''tajber'''....''to bear, give birth'' can be passive, as in '''Ha tudet <u>tajbwa</u> zajub.'''....''The child <u>was delivered</u> yesterday'' (as opposed to '''Ha tudet <u>taja</u> zajub.'''....''The child <u>was born</u> yesterday.)'' Notice how this works with '''yijer''' (''to open''): ::* '''Ha mes yija.'''....''The door opened (by itself).'' (medio-passive) ::* '''Ha mes yijpa.'''....''The door came open.'' (dynamic medio-passive) ::* '''Yijbu ha mes.'''....''Open the door.'' (transitive active) ::* '''Ha mes yijbwa.'''....''The door was opened (by someone).'' (passive) : Impassive verbs form their past particple with the ending '''ya''', but these forms are somewhat rare. Here are some examples: ::* '''per'''....''to go'' -> '''pya'''....''gone'' ::* '''tajer'''....''to be born'' -> '''tajya'''....''born'' (ex.'''Jesus tajya bi Marya.''''....''Jesus, born of Mary'') ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' -> '''tojya'''....''dead'' ::* '''loteaser'''....''to disappear'' -> '''loteasya'''....''disappeared'' (ex. '''Ha loteasya tobi be Arogem.'''....''the disappeared persons in Argentina.'') ==== Reflexive Voice ==== : A verb is made reflexive by prefixing the reflexive pronoun '''ut''' (''self''), for example: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' <big>→</big> '''uttojber'''....''to kill oneself'' ::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' <big>→</big> '''utvyilxer'''....''to wash up'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' <big>→</big> '''utteater'''....''to see oneself'' ::* '''yabler'''....''to lift'' <big>→</big> '''utyabler'''....''to lift oneself'' → '''Utyablu!'''....''Lift yourself up!'' ::* '''trer'''....''to know'' <big>→</big> '''uttrer'''....''to know oneself'' → '''Uttru!'''....''Know thyself!'' ==== Reciprocal Voice ==== : A verb is made reciprocal by prefixing the reciprocal pronoun '''hyuit'''....''one another'', for example: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' <big>→</big> '''hyuittojber'''....''to kill one another'' ::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' <big>→</big> '''hyuitvyilxer'''....''to wash one another'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' <big>→</big> '''hyuitteater'''....''to see one another'' : Both the reflexive pronoun and reciprocal pronoun can be used as standalone objects. However, the plural form '''yut''' is used if the subject is plural, for example: ::* '''Yit vyilxa <u>yut</u>.'''....''They (f.) washed up. (= washed <u>selves</u>).'' ::* '''Ha twobeti dizeuda <u>hyuit</u>.'''....''The boys laughed at <u>one another</u>.'' : The word '''hyuit''' is a hybrid of '''hyit'''....''the same one'' combined with '''hyut'''....''the other one''. ==== Aspects Revisited ==== : Mirad verbs have the following aspects: ::* '''''Simple''''' -- this is the default aspect, shown above, i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-potential. ::* '''''Progressive''''' -- this is an aspect where the verb describes an on-going action or state spread over time. ::* '''''Perfect''''' -- this presents the action or state as anterior, or completed prior to another action or state. ::* '''''Immininent''''' -- this describes an action or state ''about to happen.'' ::* '''''Potential''''' -- this refers to an action or state where something is ''possible''. ==== The Simple Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Simple aspect. In the active voice, the tense vowels '''a''', '''e''', '''o''', and '''u''' are affixed to the stem. In the passive voice, the passive marker consonant '''w''' is inserted between the stem and the final tense vowels. The simple present tense refers to actions or states that are habitual (''I regularly go to school.''), regular (''The earth revolves around the sun.''), or permanent (''Blue is a color.''). The simple past refers to actions or states that occurred at a fixed point in time (''I did my homework last night.''). The simple future refers to actions or states that will occur at some particular point in the future (''The sun will rise tomorrow at dawn.''). The simple atemporal hypothetical ( = conditional) refers to an imagined action or state that has not be realized (''You would make a good president.''). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Simple Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Simple !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>e</u>'''....''I do'' || '''Has x<u>we</u>'''....''It is done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>a</u>'''....''I did'' || '''Has x<u>wa</u>'''....''It was done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Future !! Indicative | '''At x<u>o</u>'''....''I will do'' || '''Has x<u>wo</u>'''....''It will be done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''At x<u>u</u>'''....''I would do''¹ || '''Has x<u>wu</u>'''....''It would be done'' |} : 1: Absence of tense (Atemporal) + Hypothetical mood = '''''conditional'''''. ==== The Progressive Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Progressive aspect. The present tense vowel '''e''' followed by a buffer consonant, are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller; " |+ Progressive Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Progressive !! Present !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eye</u>'''....''I am doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewe</u>'''....''it is being done'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Past !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eya</u>'''....''I was doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewa</u>'''....''it was being done'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Future !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eyo</u>'''....''I am going to be doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewo</u>'''....''it will be happening'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''at x<u>eyu</u>'''....''I would be doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewu</u>'''....''it would be happening'' |} ==== The Perfect Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Perfect aspect. The past tense vowel '''a''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Perfect Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Perfect !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>aye</u>'''....''I have done'' || '''Has x<u>awe</u>'''....''It has been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>aya</u>'''....''I had done'' || '''Has x<u>awa</u>'''....''It had been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Future !! Indicative |'''At x<u>ayo</u>'''....''I will have done'' || '''Has x<u>awo</u>'''....''It will have been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''At x<u>ayu</u>'''....''I would have done'' || '''Has x<u>awu</u>'''....''It would have been done'' |} ==== The Imminent Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Imminent aspect (sometimes referred to as the Prospective aspect). The future tense vowel '''o''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. Not that only indicative mood imminent tenses are ever used. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Imminent Aspect |- ! Aspect || Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Imminent !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>oye</u>'''....''I am about to do'' || '''Has x<u>owe</u>'''....''It is about to be done'' |- !row=1| Imminent !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>oya</u>'''....''I was about to do'' || '''Has x<u>owa</u>'''....''It was about to be done'' |} ==== The Potential Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Potential aspect. The hypothetical vowel '''u''' followed by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. The future potential and hypothetical potential aspects are never used. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Potential Aspect |- ! ASPECT !! TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE |- !row=1| Potential !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>uye</u>'''....''I am to do'' || '''Has x<u>uwe</u>'''....''It is to be done, it is doable'' |- !row=1| Potential !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>uya</u>'''....''I was to do'' || '''Has x<u>uwa</u>'''....''It was to be done, it was doable'' |} == Verb Conjugation Chart == : The following chart presents the totality of the Mirad affirmative verb conjugation system using the verb '''xer'''....''to do'' and its passive '''xwer'''....''to be done, happen''. The rows beginning with a light blue background are finite forms, while those beginning with light green are non-finite forms. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Conjugation Chart |- valign=top !rowspan=2| State !!rowspan=2| Mood !!rowspan=2| Aspect !!rowspan=2| Tense !! colspan=4|Voice |- ! Active!!Passive |- ! rowspan=16 style="background: lightblue;{{text default color}};"|Finite !!rowspan=3| Indicative !!rowspan=4| Simple !! Present | '''xe''' <br>''does''||'''xwe'''<br>''is done, happens'' |- ! Past | '''xa''' <br>''did''||'''xwa'''<br>''was done, happened'' |- ! Future | '''xo''' <br>''will do''||'''xwo'''<br>''will be done, will happen'' |- ! Hypothetical|| | '''xu''' <br>''would do, do!''||'''xwu'''<br>''would be done, would happen, be done!'' |- !rowspan=3| Indicative !!rowspan=4| Progressive !! Present | '''xeye'''<br>''is doing''||'''xewe'''<br>''is being done, is happening'' |- ! Past | '''xeya''' <br>''was doing''||'''xewa'''<br>''was doing, was happening'' |- ! Future | '''xeyo'''<br>''will be doing''||'''xewo'''<br>''will be happening'' |- ! Hypothetical|| | '''xeyu''' <br>''would be doing''<br>''be doing!''||'''xewu'''<br>''would be happening'' |- !rowspan=3|Indicative !! rowspan=4| Perfect !! Present | '''xaye''' <br>''has done''||'''xawe''' <br>''has been done, has happened'' |- ! Past | '''xaya''' <br>''had done''||'''xawa'''<br>''had been done, had happened'' |- ! Future | '''xayo''' <br>''will have done''||'''xawo''' <br>''will have been done, will have happened'' |- ! Hypothetical !! | '''xayu''' <br>''would have done''||'''xawu'''<br>''would have been done, would have happened'' |- !rowspan=4| Indicative !! rowspan=2|Imminent !! Present | '''xoye''' <br>''is about to do''||'''xowe'''<br>''is about to be done, is about to happen'' |- ! Past | '''xoya'''<br>''was to be done'' ||'''xowa'''<br>''was to be done, was to happen'' |- ! rowspan=2|Potential !! Present | '''xuye'''<br>''is supposed to do'' ||'''xuwe''' <br>''is supposed to happen'' |- ! Past | '''xuya''' <br>''was supposed to do''||'''xuwa'''<br>''was supposed to be done, was supposed to happen'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- ! rowspan=2 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};"|Infinitive !! !! Simple !! rowspan=8| | '''xer'''<br>''to do''||'''xwer'''<br>''to be done, to happen'' |- ! !! Perfect | '''xayer'''<br>''to have done''||'''xawer'''<br>''to have been done, to have happend'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- ! rowspan=4 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};"|Participle !! !! Progressive | '''xea'''<br>''doing'' ||'''xewa'''<br>''being done, happening'' |- ! !! Perfect | '''xya''' <br>''having done''||'''xwa'''<br>''done, happened'' |- ! !! Imminent | '''xoa''' <br>''about to do''||'''xowa'''<br>''about to happen'' |- ! !! Potential | '''xua'''<br>''bound to do'' ||'''xuwa'''<br>''doable'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- !rowspan=2 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};" |Gerund ! !! Simple !! | '''xen''' <br>''doing''||'''xwen''' <br>''being done, happening, event'' |- ! !! Perfect !! | '''xayen'''<br>''having done''||'''xawen'''<br>''having happened'' |} : Note 1: Intransitive verbs such as '''per''' ''to go'' have no passive forms. An expression such as ''They are gone.'' would be translated as '''Yit se pya'''. == Negative Forms == : All of the above verb forms are affirmative. The indicative and conditional forms can be made negative by using the negative adverb '''voy''' (''not'', '' 'nt'', ''doesn't'', ''don't''). Those forms that are subjunctive, jussive, or imperative ending in '''-u''' use the negative subordinate conjunction '''von''' (''don't'', ''let not'', ''lest''). : '''voy'''....''not'' ::* '''At <u>voy</u> te.'''....''I <u>don</u>'t know.'' (indicative) ::* '''<u>Voy</u> mamilo.'''....''It will <u>not</u> rain.'' (indicative) ::* '''At <u>voy</u> xu hus.'''....''I would <u>not</u> do that.'' (conditional) : '''von'''....''Let's not, don't, let it not'' ::* '''<u>Von</u> mamilu.'''....''<u>Let it not</u> rain.'' (subjunctive) ::* '''<u>Von</u> yat fuyaku.'''....''<u>Let</u> us <u>not</u> despair.'' (jussive) ::* '''<u>Von</u> pu!'''....''<u>Don't</u> go.'' (imperative) : Participles, gerunds, and infinitives can be negated with the prefix '''o-''' (''un-, non-''). ::* '''tosea'''....''feeling'' -> '''otosea'''....''unfeeling'' ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' -> '''oxwa'''....''undone'' ::* '''teliwa'''....''eaten'' -> '''oteliwa'''....''uneaten'' ::* '''tejen'''....''living'' -> '''otejen'''....''not living'' ::* '''buen'''....''giving'' -> '''obuen'''....''not giving'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' -> '''obuer'''....''not to give'' ::* '''ter'''....''to know'' => '''oter'''....''not to know, i.e. to ignore'' : Partciples, gerunds, and infinitives can also be negated with the word '''voy'' (''not''), eg: ::* '''voy tea ha dud'''....''not knowing the answer'' ::* '''gel voy tejea'''....''like not living'' ::* '''av voy xen hes'''....''for not doing something'' == How to Express Certain English Tenses == : English speakers have some tenses that do not fit into the above schema, and so Mirad uses a combination of verbs to achieve the same sense: ::* The English tense ''I have been studying French for four years.'' is translated in Mirad by '''At saye tixea Ferad ji uwa jabi.''' (Mirad present perfect of '''ser''' (''to be'') + the present participle of the main verb, '''tixer'''. ::* The English tense ''I had been studying'' is translated in Mirad by '''At saya tixer''', the past perfect of the verb '''ser''' (''to be'') + the present participle of the main verb, '''tixer'''. ::* The English tense ''I am going to be starring in that role.'' is translated in Mirad by '''At dezdebeyo be hua dezgon.''' (Mirad future progressive). ::* The modern Black English tense ''Don't you be doing that.'' is handled in Mirad by '''Von et xeyu hus.''' (Mirad imperative progressive). == Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs == : Transitive verbs, which can take a direct object, oppose themselves to intransitive verbs, which do not take a direct object. Some verbs are marked overtly for transitivity. : Verbs that end in '''xer''' (''to do, -ify, -ize'') are by nature transitive, and often have intransitive counterparts in '''ser''' (''to be, become, -ify, -ize''). Likewise, verbs ending in '''ber''' (''to put, take'') are transitive and have intransitive counterparts in '''per''' (''to go''). Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Transitive vs. Intransitive |- ! Transitive !! Intransitive |- | '''xer'''....''do'' || '''ser'''....''be'' |- | '''agxer'''....''grow (something)'' || '''agser'''....''grow (up)'' |- | '''amxer'''....''heat, make hot'' || '''amser'''....''become hot, heat up'' |- | '''puxer'''....''throw'' || '''puser'''....''jump'' |- | '''per'''....''go'' || '''ber'''....''put'' |- | '''aber'''....''put on'' || '''aper'''....''get on'' |- | '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' |- | '''poxer'''....''stop (something)'' || '''poser'''....''(come to a) stop'' |- | '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach'' |- | '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter'' |} ::* '''At <u>agxe</u> vobi.'''....''I <u>grow</u> [TRANSITIVE] plants.'' ::* '''Ha vobi <u>agseye</u> ig.'''....''The plants <u>are growing</u> [INTRANSITIVE] fast.'' ::* '''<u>Poxu</u> ha pur!'''....''<u>Stop</u> [TRANSITIVE] the car!'' ::* '''Ha pur <u>posa</u>.'''....''The car <u>stopped</u> [INTRANSITIVE].'' ::* '''At <u>yaba</u> ha mis.'''....''I <u>raised</u> [TRANSITIVE] the window.'' ::* '''Ha amar <u>yapaye</u>.'''....''The sun <u>has risen</u> [INTRANSITIVE].'' === Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity === : Note the following verbs, whose stems end in '''j''' are hard to pronounce with intransitive '''s''' and transitive '''x''', so these two endings are placed with '''p''' and '''b''', respectively, although the presence of the '''p''' is optional, i.e. it's presence or absence can slightly change the meaning from static to dynamic, eg. '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' vs. '''tujper'''....''to fall asleep''. The transitive forms can be either active or passive. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity |- ! colspan=2|Intransitive !! colspan=2|Transitive |- ! Static !! Dynamic !! Active !! Passive |- | '''Ha mes <u>yija</u>'''<br>''The door <u>opened</u>.'' || '''Ha nasyef <u>yijpa</u>'''<br>''The purse <u>came open</u>.'' || '''At <u>yijba</u> ha mes.'''<br>''I <u>opened</u> the door.'' || '''Ha mes <u>yijbwa</u> bey yelput.'''<br>''The door <u>was opened</u> by an intruder'' |- | '''Ha mes <u>yuja</u>.'''<br>''The door <u>closed</u>.'' || '''Ha yanup <u>yujpa</u>.'''<br>''The meeting <u>adjourned</u>.'' || '''At <u>yujba</u> ha mes.'''<br>''I <u>closed</u> the door.''||'''Ha mes yeyfe <u>yujbwer</u> ja sumjob.'''<br>''The door should <u>be closed</u> by bedtime.'' |- | '''Ha dezun <u>ijaye</u>.'''<br>''The play <u>has started</u>.''||'''Ha par <u>ijpa</u> boy poys.'''<br>''The car <u>started up</u> immediately.'' ||'''At <u>ijba</u> ata tyal.'''<br>''I <u>started</u> my meal.''||'''Ha tyal <u>ijbwa</u> jwa.'''<br>''The meal <u>was started</u> early.'' |- | '''Ha dezun <u>ujaye</u>.'''<br>''The play has <u>ended</u>.''||'''Ata yex <u>ujpaye</u>.'''<br>''My work <u>has come to an end</u>.'' || '''A <u>ujba</u> ha dyes.'''<br>''I <u>finished</u> the book.''||'''Ha dyes hyoj <u>ujbwa</u>.'''<br>''The book never <u>got finished</u>.'' |- | '''Ha tob <u>toja</u> zomoj.'''<br>''The man <u>died</u> yesterday evening.''||'''Ha tob <u>tojpa</u>.'''<br>''The man <u>dropped dead.</u>'' || '''Hot <u>tojba</u> ha twob?'''<br>''Who <u>killed</u> the man?''||'''Ha twob <u>tojbwa</u> bey ita tayd.'''<br>''The man <u>was killed</u> by his wife.'' |- | '''<u>Teju</u>.'''<br>''<u>Live!</u>.''||'''<u>Tejpu!</u>.'''<br>''<u>Come alive!</u>.'' || '''Yat efe <u>tejber</u> ha twob.'''<br>''We need to <u>revive</u> the man.''||'''Ha twob yofwa <u>tejbwer</u>.'''<br>''The man could not <u>be revived</u>.'' |- | '''Ha tobot <u>taja</u> zojub.'''<br>''The baby <u>was born</u> yesterday.'' || '''Hoj ha tobot <u>tajpo</u>?'''<br>''When <u>will</u> the baby <u>pop out</u>?'' || '''Iyt <u>tajba</u> awa twobot zojub.'''<br>''She <u>gave birth</u> to a baby boy yesterday.''||'''Ha twobot <u>tajbwa</u> jo eymoj.'''<br>''The baby boy was <u>birthed</u> after midnight.'' |- | '''At <u>tija</u> jwe.'''<br>''I <u>woke up</u> on time.''||'''It voy <u>tijpa</u>.'''<br>''He did not <u>come to.</u>.'' || '''At <u>tijbo</u> et jwa.'''<br>''I will <u>wake (you) up</u> early.''||'''At voy fe <u>tijbwo</u> gra jwa.'''<br>''I don't want to <u>be woken</u> too early.'' |- | '''At <u>tujeya</u>.'''<br>''I was <u>sleeping.</u>''||'''At <u>tujpeya</u>.'''<br>''I was <u>falling sleep</u>.'' || '''At <u>tujbo</u> it.'''<br>''I will <u>put (him) to sleep.</u>.''||'''Ha tobot <u>tujbwo</u> glojo.'''<br>''The baby <u>will be put to sleep</u> soon.'' |} == Reflexive Verbs == [[File:TWC Hokitika Gorge • Stewart Nimmo • MRD 1.jpg|thumb|]] : Reflexive verbs, where the object refers back to the subject, work just as in English, where the object is a reflexive pronoun, eg.: ::* '''At tujboye aut.'''....''I am going to kill myself.'' ::* '''Tru eut!'''....''Know thyself!'' ::* '''It gobla iut bey goblar.'''....''He cut himself with a knife.'' ::* '''Ot yefe yuxer out.'''....''One must help oneself.'' : Sometimes, verbs are reflexive lexically and incorporate the reflexivity in the actual verb form using '''ut''' as the prefix: ::* '''uttujber'''....''commit suicide (= self-kill)'' ::* '''utboler'''....''support oneself (= self-support)'' ::* '''utdider'''....''wonder (= self-ask)'' : Sometimes, verbs are used reflexively in Mirad even though they are used simply intransitively in English, eg.: ::* '''Et efe <u>vyilxer eut</u>.'''....''You need to wash up [= <u>wash yourself</u>].'' (or) ::* '''Et efe <u>utvyilxer</u>.'''....''You need to wash up [= <u>self-wash</u>].'' == Omission of Prepositions After Certain Verbs == :: Some verbs inherently incorporate a preposition and so it is not necessary to use that assumed preposition before what would normally be an indirect object. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Inherent Propositions |- ! Preposition-Incorporating Verb !! Example |- | '''per'''....''go (to)'' || '''Pu tam!''' (Not: '''Pu bu tam!''') ''Go home.''<br>'''It pa Paris.'''....''He went to Paris.'' |- | '''der'''....''say (to), tell'' || '''Du at eta dyun.'''....''Tell me your name.''<br>'''Du at has.'''....''Tell it to me.'' |- | '''peser'''....''wait (for)'' || '''Pesu at.'''....''Wait for me.'' |- | '''buer'''....''give (to)'' || '''Buu at hua dyes.'''....''Give me that book.'' |} :: As in English, in omitting the inherent preposition in a sentence with both a direct object and an indirect object, place the indirect object before the direct object. If the direct object comes first, then the preposition must be overtly specified before the indirect object, eg. '''Buu <u>at</u> hus.'''....''Give me that.'' or '''Buu hus <u>bu at</u>.'''....''Give that <u>to me</u>.'' See more about this in the chapter on [[Mirad_Grammar/Syntax|Syntax]]. == Causative vs. Inchoative Verbs == : A causative verb has the sense ''to make something have some quality'', whereas an inchoative verbs means ''to become or take on the quality of something.'' === Derived from Adjectives === : Adjectives can be converted into transitive/causative and intransitive/inchoative verbs. Causative verbs are always transitive (taking an object), while inchoative verbs are intransitive (not taking an object). English causative / inchoative verbs often end in ''-ify'' like ''magnify'', or ''-ate'', ''liberate'', or ''ize'', like ''sensitize''. : To derive a causative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''-xer'''....''to do'' to either the stem or the whole adjective (with the '''a''' ending). Whether you do the former or the latter depends on several factors, but the end result is slightly different in nuance. A verb with adjective stem + '''-xer''' is slightly more idiomatic or less literal than the adjective stem + '''axer'''. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ -axer vs -xer in Transitive Verbs |- ! Adjective !! Causative/Transitive !! Causative/Transitive |- ! '''-xer''' !! Literal !! Idiomatic |- | '''aga'''<br>''big'' || '''ag<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to magnify'' || '''agxer'''<br>''to grow'' |- | '''ana'''<br>''one'' || '''an<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to unify'' || '''anxer'''<br>''to unite'' |- | '''yona'''<br>''apart'' || '''yon<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to separate'' || '''yonxer'''<br>''to cut'' |- | '''yaga'''<br>''long'' || '''yag<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to lengthen'' || '''yagxer'''<br>''to stretch'' |- | '''yuga'''<br>''slow'' || '''yug<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to retard'' || '''yugxer''' <br>''to brake'' |- | '''sana'''<br>''formal'' || '''san<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to formalize'' || '''sanxer'''<br>''to form'' |- | '''gea'''<br>''equal'' || '''ge<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to equalize'' || '''gexer'''<br>''to equal, equate'' |- | '''jaa'''<br>''prior'' || '''ja<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to prioritize'' || '''jaxer'''<br>''to prepare'' |- | '''aota'''<br>''personal'' || '''aot<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to personalize'' || '''aotxer'''<br>''to personify'' |} : To derive an inchoative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''ser'''....''to be'' to either the stem or the whole adjective. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Creating Inchoative Verbs |- ! Adjective !! Inchoative/Intransitive !! Inchoative/Intransitive |- ! '''-ser''' !! Literal !! Idiomatic |- | '''aga'''<br>''big'' || '''ag<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to get bigger'' || '''agser'''<br>''to grow'' |- | '''ana'''<br>''one'' || '''an<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to unify'' || '''anser'''<br>''to unite, become united'' |- | '''yona'''<br>''apart'' || '''yon<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to become separate'' || '''yonser'''<br>''to break'' |- |} : Be careful to use the transitive, causative verb form when you have a direct object, and the intransitive, inchoative verb form when no direct objects are present or possible, eg.: ::* '''<u>Ansu</u> ey yet golxwo.'''....''<u>Unite</u> or you will be divided.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''At <u>yontadsa</u> hoj at sa eta jag.'''....''I <u>got divorced</u> when I was your age.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''Hisi <u>agaxo</u> hos et teate.'''....''These <u>will magnify</u> what you see.'' [TRANSITIVE] ::* '''Hia tud <u>agseye</u> ig.'''....''This child <u>is growing up</u> fast.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''Ata tayd <u>agxe</u> vosi be oyebzom.'''....''My wife <u>grows</u> flowers out back.'' [TRANSITIVE] === Derived from Nouns === : Transitive/causative/active and intransitive/inchoative/passive verbs can also be formed from nouns. The sense of the former is ''to make be X'' and of the latter, ''to become X''. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs Derived from Nouns |- ! Noun !! Transitive/Causative/Active !! Intransitive/Inchoative/Passive |- | '''mog'''....''ash'' || '''mogxer'''<br>''to incinerate'' || '''mogser'''<br>''to become ashes'' |- | '''yan'''....''collection'' || '''yanxer'''<br>''to collect'' || '''yanser'''<br>''to get together'' |- | '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''tadxer'''<br>''to marry'' || '''tadser'''<br>''to get married'' |- | '''yom'''....''ice'' || '''yomxer'''<br>''to freeze/make ice'' || '''yomser'''<br>''to freeze/become ice'' |- | '''mag'''....''fire'' || '''magxer'''<br>''to burn, set fire to'' || '''magser'''<br>''to burn, get burned'' |- | '''uk'''....''void'' || '''ukxer'''<br>''to empty'' || '''ukser'''<br>''become empty, empty out'' |} === Intermediary Causative Verbs === : Intermediary verbal causatives like ''have/get my car washed'', ''make/force him go'', ''get one's hair cut'' are formed by suffixing the causative verb infix '''-ux-''' (active) or '''uxw''' (passive) to the stem of the verb signifying the action to be arranged or caused by someone other than the subject, eg.: ::* '''At gobl<u>ux</u>o ata tayeb zajub.'''....''I will get my hair cut tomorrow.'' ::* '''Et voy yafe p<u>ux</u>er at.'''....''You cannot make me go.'' ::* '''Wit tojb<u>ux</u>a yit.'''....''He had them killed.'' ::* '''At efe vyilx<u>ux</u>er ata pur.'''....''I need to have my car washed.'' ::* '''Et up<u>ux</u>wa him av hes.'''....''You were made to come here for some reason.'' ::* '''At bakamb<u>ux</u>o et.'''....''I will have you hospitalized.'' ::* '''Et voy yafe deuz<u>ux</u>er at.'''....''You cannot make me sing.'' ::* '''At hihid<u>ux</u>wa.'''....''I was tickled (= made to laugh).'' ::* '''Eta deuz hihid<u>ux</u>a yat.'''....''Your song tickled us. (= Made us laugh.)'' ::* '''Van het ivas<u>ux</u>u weti.'''....''May someone get you guys to be happy.'' ::* '''Hua enzyukpur uzp<u>ux</u>a yata pur.'''....''That motorcycle caused our car to veer.'' == Subject-directed vs. Patient-directed Verbs == : The directionality of some verbs can be distinguished by the verbal formant infix '''-i-''' for an action or motion toward the speaker and '''-u-''' for an action or motion away from the speaker toward some patient, eg.: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Directional Verbs |- ! Subject-directed !! Patient-directed |- | '''b<u>i</u>er'''....''to take'' || '''b<u>u</u>er'''....''to give'' |- | '''nier'''....''to consume'' || '''nuer'''....''to supply'' |- | '''nyier'''....''to order'' || '''nyuer'''....''to deliver'' |- | '''nazunier'''....''win a prize'' || '''nazunuer'''....''award a prize'' |- | '''noysier'''....''pay off'' || '''noysuer'''....''charge'' |- | '''ojbier'''....''borrow'' || '''ojbuer'''....''lend'' |- | '''tadier'''....''get married'' || '''taduer'''....''marry off'' |- | '''papier'''....''take flight'' || '''papuer'''....''send off flying'' |- | '''pipier'''....''set sail'' || '''pipuer'''....''dock'' |- | '''simbier'''....''take a seat'' || '''simbuer'''....''offer a seat'' |- | '''tampier'''....''leave home'' || '''tampuer'''....''arrive home'' |- | '''tamier'''....''settle in'' || '''tamuer'''....''shelter'' |- | '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' |- | '''telier'''....''to eat'' || '''teluer'''....''to feed'' |- | '''gonbier'''....''to participate'' || '''gonbuer'''....''to share'' |- | '''tilier'''....''to drink'' || '''tiluer'''....''to ply with drink'' |- | '''teubier'''....''to swallow'' || '''teubuer'''....''to spit out'' |- | '''teatier'''....''to observe, watch'' || '''teatuer'''....''to show'' |- | '''taxier'''....''to memorize'' || '''taxuer'''....''to remind'' |- | '''alier'''....''to breathe in'' || '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, expire'' |- | '''ilier'''....''to absorb'' || '''iluer'''....''to pour'' |- | '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' || '''ifuer'''....''to please'' |- | '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''duer'''....''to suggest'' |- | '''tier'''....''to learn'' || '''tuer'''....''to inform'' |- | '''pier'''....''to depart'' || '''puer'''....''to arrive'' |- | '''kebier'''....''to choose'' || '''kebuer'''....''to distribute'' |- | '''byier'''....''to originate'' || '''byuer'''....''to target'' |- | '''mempier'''....''to take off'' || '''mempuer'''....''to land'' |- | '''sinier'''....''visualize'' || '''sinuer'''....''display'' |- | '''xier'''....''to result'' || '''xuer'''....''to cause'' |- | '''yifier'''....''to get up the courage'' || '''yifuer'''....''to encourage, challenge'' |- | '''yafonier'''....''to gain power'' || '''yafonuer'''....''to empower'' |- | '''trier'''....''to become acquainted with'' || '''truer'''....''to acquaint with, introduce to'' |- | '''tepzexier'''....''to draw attention'' || '''tepzexuer'''....''to focus attention on'' |- | '''yekier'''....''to undertake'' || '''yekuer'''....''to challenge'' |- | '''dyunier'''....''to assume the name of'' || '''dyunuer'''....''to bestow the name of'' |- | '''abfinier'''....''to take advantage of'' || '''abfinuer'''....''to favor'' |} : In some cases, the directionality can be both ways in a verb, in which case the verb formant infix '''-ui-''' (a hybrid form) is used, eg.: ::* '''nunier '''....''to purchase'' (subject-directed) ::* '''nunuer'''....''to sell'' (patient-directed) ::* '''nunuier'''....''to trade'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''tier'''....''to learn, realize'' (subject-directed) ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform, tip off'' (patient-directed) ::* '''tuier'''....''to communicate'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''ebtuier'''....''to intercommunicate'' ::* '''alier'''....''to breathe in, inhale'' (subject-directed) ::* '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, exhale'' (patient-directed) ::* '''aluier'''....''to breathe, respire'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''bier '''....''to take'' (subject-directed) ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' (patient-directed) ::* '''buier'''....''to give and take, exchange'' (subject & patient-directed) == Bi-radical Verbs == : Some verbs are formed using two verb roots together. Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Bi-radical Verbs |- ! Verb Root 1 !! Verb Root 2 !! Bi-radical Verb |- | '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' |- | '''nixer'''....''to earn'' || '''buer'''....''to give'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' |- | '''kexer'''....''to seek'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''kexbier'''....''to choose'' |- | '''uper'''....''to come'' || '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''updier'''....''to invite'' |- | '''teater'''....''to see'' || '''der'''....''to tell'' || '''teader'''....''to testify'' |- | '''teeter'''....''to hear'' || '''drer'''....''to write'' || '''teadrer'''....''to report'' |- | '''teater'''....''to see'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''teaper'''....''to visit'' |- | '''texer'''....''to think'' || '''der'''....''to say'' || '''texder'''....''to mention'' |- | '''kexer'''....''to seek'' || '''pixer'''....''to catch'' || '''kexpixer'''....''to hunt'' |- | '''yeker'''....''to try'' || '''teexer'''....''to listen'' || '''yekteexer'''....''to try (in court)'' |} == Verbs with Vectorial Prefixes == : Prepositions and directional adverbs can be prefixed to verbs in order to change their vectorial semantics. A preposition ending in '''b''' will assimilate by losing the '''b''' before the verb '''per'''....''to go'' or the verb '''ber'''. This assimilation does not occur for other verbs beginning with '''b''' such as '''byexer''' (''to hit''). A preposition ending in '''b''' will, however, assimilate (lose the '''b''') before any verb bases beginning with a '''p'''. For example, '''ab''' (''on'') + '''bexer''' (''to hold'') = '''obbexer''' (''to hold on''), because '''obexer''' could be interpreted as ''to release''. Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Prepositional Prefixes |- ! Preposition/Adverb !! Transitive Verb !! Intransitive Verb |- | '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''apply''<br>not '''abber'''! || '''aper'''....''get on''<br>not '''abper'''! |- | '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove'' || '''oper'''....''get off, dismount'' |- | '''ab'''....''off'' || '''abbaxrer'''....''to rub on'' || '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' |- | '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene'' |- | '''eb'''....''between'' || '''ebdrayefser'''....''to interleave'' || '''ebdrafxer'''....''to interleave'' |- | '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''uber'''....''to send'' || '''uper'''....''to come'' |- | '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''ubbixer'''...''to attract'' || '''upixer'''....''to pitch toward'' |- | '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' |- | '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''take down'' || '''yoper'''....''descend'' |- | '''yub'''....''near'' || '''yuber'''....''bring near'' || '''yuper'''....''approach'' |- | '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''go far away'' |- | '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter'' |- | '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yepuxer'''....''throw in'' || '''yepuser'''....''jump in'' |- | '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyeber'''....''expose'' || '''oyeper'''....''exit'' |- | '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyebbuxer'''....''expel'' || '''oyepuxer'''....''eject'' |- | '''zyu'''....''round'' || '''zyuber'''....''rotate'' || '''zyuper'''....''revolve'' |- | '''zya'''....''throughout'' || '''zyaber'''....''spread'' || '''zyaper'''....''tour'' |- | '''av'''....''for'' || '''avdaler'''....''plead'' || '''avper'''....''pursue'' |- | '''ov'''....''against'' || '''ovber'''....''oppose'' || '''ovper'''....''countervene'' |- | '''yan'''....''together'' || '''yanber'''....''compose'' || '''yanper'''....''meet'' |- | '''yon'''....''apart'' || '''yonber'''....''separate'' || '''yonper'''....''separate'' |- | '''iz'''....''direct'' || '''izber'''....''lead'' || '''izper'''....''head'' |- | '''uz'''....''curved'' || '''uzber'''....''divert'' || '''uzper'''....''diverge'' |- | '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzber'''....''surround'' || '''yuzper'''....''circulate'' |- | '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''transfer'' || '''yizper'''....''surpass'' |- | '''zoy'''....''back, re-'' || '''zoyber'''....''return'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back'' |} == Other Semantics-altering Verb Prefixes == : As in English and many other languages, prefixes can be used on verbs to reverse, mitigate, or otherwise alter the semantics: === Expressing ''re-'' with '''zoy-''' or '''gaw-''' === : The prefix '''zoy-'''....''back'' or '''gaw-¹'''....''again'' are used like the English prefix ''re-'', eg.: ::* '''ember'''....''to position'' → '''<u>zoy</u>-ember'''....''to <u>re</u>position, <u>re</u>place'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>zoy</u>buer'''....''to <u>re</u>turn (an object), give back'' ::* '''sanxer'''....''to shape, form'' → '''<u>zoy</u>sanxer'''....''to <u>re</u>shape, <u>re</u>form, <u>trans</u>form'' ::* '''zyauber'''....''to broadcast'' → '''gawzyauber'''....''to re-broadcast'' ::* '''taja'''....''born'' → '''gawtaja'''....''reborn'' ::* '''aber'''....''to apply'' → '''gawaber'''....''to reapply'' ::* '''teaper'''....''to visit'' → '''<u>gaw</u>teaper'''....''to <u>re</u>visit'' ::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''<u>zoy</u>-uper²'''....''to <u>re</u>turn, come <u>back</u>'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>zoy</u>buxer'''....''to <u>re</u>pel, push <u>back</u>'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zoy</u>puxer'''....''to <u>re</u>ject, throw <u>back</u>, jettison'' : Note 1: The prefix '''gaw-''' before a consonant is pronounced like the ''gaw'' in the English word ''gawk''. It is short for '''ga awa jod''' or '''gawa''' meaning ''one more time, again''. If the "re-" word means ''to do something again'', then '''gaw-''' is used, eg. ''To reconvene'' ( = ''meet again'')....'''gawyanuper''' If the sense of ''back'' is intended, than the prefix '''zoy-''' is used, eg. ''To return'' ( = ''come back'')....'''zoyuper'''. Both prefixes are used in the expression ''Come back again!''....'''Gawzoy-upu!'''. : Note 2: The prefix '''zoy''' is followed by a hyphen to make it clear that the prepositon is '''zoy''', not '''zo''' and that the base verb is '''uper''' (''come''), not '''yuper''' (''to approach''). :''Until we meet again'' or ''au revoir'' is expressed by '''Ju gawyanup.''' === Expressing ''de-, dis-, un-'' with '''lo-''' === : The prefix '''lo-''' reverses the semantics of a verb and is like English ''dis-'', ''de-'', or ''un-'', eg.: ::* '''sexer'''....''to build, construct'' → '''<u>lo</u>sexer'''....''to <u>de</u>stroy, <u>de</u>construct'' ::* '''anxer'''....''to unite'' → '''<u>lo</u>anxer'''....''to <u>dis</u>unite'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>lo</u>xer'''....''to <u>un</u>do'' : Note the difference between '''o-''' and '''lo-'''. ::* '''odoparuwa'''....''<u>un</u>armed'' (= ''not armed'') ::* '''lodoparuwa'''....''<u>dis</u>armed'' (= from the verb '''lodoparuer'''....''to disarm'') === Expressing ''co-'' with '''yan-''' === : The prefix '''yan-'''....''together'' is used as the English ''co-'', eg.: ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''<u>yan</u>exer'''....''to <u>co</u>operate'' ::* '''tamer'''....''to dwell'' → '''<u>yan</u>tamer'''....''to <u>co</u>habit'' ::* '''napber'''....''to put in order'' → '''<u>yan</u>napber'''....''to <u>co</u>ordinate'' === Making Verbs Completive with '''ik-''' === : Verbs can be made completive or perfective by prefixing them with '''ik-''' (''fully''). Such verbs are comparable to phrasal verbs in English with ''up'' and other prepositions as in ''to eat up''. Here are some examples in Mirad: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''iktojber'''....''to kill off, exterminate'' ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''iktelier'''....''to eat up'' ::* '''ujber'''....''to finish'' → '''ikujber'''....''to finish off/up'' ::* '''gofler'''....''to rip'' → '''ikgofler'''....''to rip up'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''ikdrer'''....''to write down'' ::* '''byexer'''....''to beat'' → '''ikbyexer'''....''to beat up'' ::* '''agser'''....''to grow'' → '''ikagser'''....''to grow up'' === Making Verbs Continuative with '''je-''' === : Verbs can be given a continuative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''je-''': ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''jedalar'''....''to go on talking, to blabber'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' → '''jetejer'''....''to go on living, to survive'' ::* '''yexer'''....''to work'' → '''jeyexer'''....''to go on working, to keep working'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''jeteaxer'''....''to watch'' ::* '''teexer'''....''to listen'' → '''jeteexer'''....''to keep listening, to pay attention'' ::* '''duler'''....''to insist'' → '''jeduler'''....''to nag'' === Making Verbs Inchoative with '''ij-''' === : Verbs can be given an inchoative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''ij-''': ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''ijtexer'''....''to start to think'' ::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' → '''ijifier'''....''to start liking'' ::* '''trer'''....''to know'' → '''ijtrer'''....''to get to know'' ::* '''baxer'''....''to stir'' → '''ijbaxer'''....''to instigate'' ::* '''byaxer'''....''to erect'' → '''ijbyaxer'''....''to establish, to institute'' ::* '''dezer'''....''to perform'' → '''ijdezer'''....''to premier, to debut'' ::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' → '''ijeser'''....''to come about'' ::* '''kaxer'''....''to find'' → '''ijkaxer'''....''to invent'' ::* '''magxer'''....''to burn'' → '''ijmagxer'''....''to kindle'' ::* '''saxer'''....''to make'' → '''ijsaxer'''....''to create'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''ijtexer'''....''to conceive'' ::* '''tuxer'''....''to teach'' → '''ijtuxer'''....''to initiate'' ::* '''xeler'''....''to celebrate'' → '''ijxeler'''....''to inaugurate'' === Making Verbs Terminative with '''uj-''' === : Verbs can be given a terminative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''uj-''': ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''ujtelier'''....''to finish eating'' ::* '''dyeer'''....''to read'' → '''ujdyeer'''....''to finish reading'' ::* '''ufteuder'''....''to complain'' → '''ujufteuder'''....''to quit carping'' ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' → '''ujaker'''....''to succeed'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''ujder'''....''to conclude'' ::* '''gaber'''....''to add'' → '''ujgaber'''....''to append, to added at the end'' ::* '''gyoxer'''....''to thin'' → '''ujgyoxer'''....''to taper'' ::* '''kyeser'''....''to happen'' → '''ujkyeser'''....''to turn out'' ::* '''oker'''....''to lose'' → '''ujoker'''....''to fail'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Pleasure with '''if-''' === ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''iftyoper'''....''to stroll'' ::* '''tuyuxer'''....''to finger'' → '''iftuyuxer'''....''to tickle'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''ifteaxer'''....''to ogle (voyeuristically)'' ::* '''piper'''....''to sail'' → '''ifpiper'''....''to go cruising'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''ifteuder'''....''to laugh'' ::* '''eker'''....''to play'' → '''ifeker'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''abbaxer'''....''to pat'' → '''ifabbaxer'''....''to fondle, to caress'' ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''ifaxler'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''ifbier'''....''to embrace, to adopt, to foster'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''ifbuer'''....''to donate, to gift'' ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' → '''ifbikuer'''....''to foster'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''ifbixer'''....''to entice, to tempt, to seduce'' ::* '''ebdaler'''....''to converse'' → '''ifebdaler'''....''to chitchat'' ::* '''mimparer'''....''to go boating'' → '''ifmimparer'''....''to go yachting'' ::* '''tayoxer'''....''to touch'' → '''iftayoxer'''....''to tickle, to titillate'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''ifteaxer'''....''to ogle, to feast one's eyes on, to moon over'' ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''iftelier'''....''to feast on'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''iftyoper'''....''to stroll, to jaunt, to promenade'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Displeasure with '''uf-''' === ::* '''tosier'''....''to feel'' → '''uftosier'''....''to get angry'' ::* '''eker'''....''to play'' → '''ufeker'''....''to fight'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''ufder'''....''to express displeasure'' ::* '''aluer'''....''to exhale'' → '''ufaluer'''....''to huff'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''ufdaler'''....''to rant'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''ufteaxer'''....''to scorn, to disdain'' ::* '''teuber'''....''to make an expression'' → '''ufteuber'''....''to frown'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''ufteuder'''....''to grouse, to gripe'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Prohibition with '''of-''' === ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''ofbier'''....''to steal'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''ofdeler'''....''to ban'' ::* '''yeper'''....''to enter'' → '''ofyeper'''....''to intrude, break in'' ::* '''zeyper'''....''to cross'' → '''ofzeyper'''....''to transgress, poach'' ::* '''gelxer'''....''to copy'' → '''ofgelxer'''....''to pirate, plagiarize'' ::* '''bekuluer'''....''to administer medicine'' → '''ofbekuluer'''....''to dope'' ::* '''nuxuer'''....''to pay'' → '''ofnuxuer'''....''to bribe, pay off, suborn'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Holiness with '''fya-''' === ::* '''bexler'''....''to keep'' → '''fyabexler'''....''to enshrine'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''fyabuer'''....''to sacrifice'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fyader'''....''to bless'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''fyadaler'''....''to preach, sermonize'' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' → '''fyadiler'''....''to pray'' ::* '''deuzer'''....''to sing'' → '''fyadeuzer'''....''to chant'' ::* '''ifrer'''....''to love dearly'' → '''fyaifrer'''....''to worship, adore'' ::* '''jader'''....''to predict'' → '''fyajader'''....''to prophesy'' ::* '''miluer'''....''to sprinkle'' → '''fyamiluer'''....''to sprinkle with holy water'' ::* '''ojvader'''....''to promise'' → '''fyaojvader'''....''to swear'' ::* '''xeler'''....''to practice'' → '''fyaxeler'''....''to celebrate'' ::* '''koser'''....''to hide'' → '''fyakoser'''....''to go on a retreat, go into hermitage'' ::* '''teazer'''....''perform a show'' → '''fyateazer'''....''to perform a miracle'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Profanity with '''fyo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fyoder'''....''to curse'' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' → '''fyodiler'''....''to conjure'' ::* '''tyezer'''....''to perform magic'' → '''fyotezer'''....''to engage in black magic'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''fyoxer'''....''to sin'' === Expressing Good Actions with '''fi-''' === ::* '''agser'''....''to grow'' → '''fiagser'''....''to thrive, to flourish'' ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''fiaxler'''....''to behave well'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fider'''....''to praise'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''fideler'''....''to approve'' ::* '''datiber'''....''to host'' → '''fidatiber'''....''to welcome'' ::* '''diber'''....''to manage'' → '''fidiber'''....''to husband'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be silent'' → '''fidoler'''....''to be discrete'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''fiduer'''....''to recommend'' ::* '''ebexler'''....''to interact'' → '''fiebexler'''....''to get along well'' ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''fiexer'''....''to operate smoothly'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''fifer'''....''to mean well'' ::* '''ijer'''....''to start'' → '''fiijer'''....''to get a good start'' ::* '''nagser'''....''to measure'' → '''finagser'''....''to adapt'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange'' → '''finapxer'''....''to tidy up, to neaten'' ::* '''ojfer'''....''to wish'' → '''fiojfer'''....''to wish well'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''fiper'''....''to fare well, to prosper'' ::* '''teaser'''....''to seem'' → '''fiteaser'''....''to look nice'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''fiteaxer'''....''to admire'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' → '''fitejer'''....''to thrive'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''fiteuder'''....''to acclaim, to laud'' ::* '''tosuer'''....''to make feel'' → '''fitosuer'''....''to exhilarate'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' → '''fitujer'''....''to sleep soundly'' ::* '''yaker'''....''to expect'' → '''fiyaker'''....''to hope'' ::* '''yuxer'''....''to help'' → '''fiyuxer'''....''to benefit'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''fixer'''....''to do well'' === Expressing Bad Actions with '''fu-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''fuaxler'''....''to misbehave'' ::* '''bekuer'''....''to treat'' → '''fubekuer'''....''to mistreat, to maltreat'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''fubexer'''....''to fumble'' ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' → '''fubikuer'''....''to neglect'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''fudaler'''....''to speak ill of, to badmouth'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''fudeler''''....''to denounce'' ::* '''diber'''....''to manage'' → '''fudiber'''....''to mismanage, to maladminister'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be quiet'' → '''fudoler'''....''to sulk'' ::* '''dezgonuer'''....''to cast'' → '''fudezgonuer'''....''to miscast'' ::* '''exer'''....''to function'' → '''fuexer'''....''to malfunction'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''fufer'''....''to wish ill'' ::* '''fyiduer'''....''to advise'' → '''fufyiduer'''....''to ill-advise'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange'' → '''funapxer'''....''to mess up'' ::* '''yevder'''....''to judge'' → '''fuyevder'''....''to critique negatively'' ::* '''yuxer'''....''to help'' → '''fuyuxer'''....''to abuse'' === Expressing More Intense Actions with '''az-''' === ::* '''abbixer'''....''to attract'' → '''<u>az</u>abbixer'''....''to infatuate'' ::* '''aluer'''....''to blow'' → '''<u>az</u>aluer'''....''to huff'' ::* '''basrer'''....''to shake'' → '''<u>az</u>basrer'''....''to convulse'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''<u>az</u>bexer'''....''to clutch'' ::* '''birer'''....''to grab''' → '''<u>az</u>birer'''....''to seize'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push''' → '''<u>az</u>buxer'''....''to prod'' ::* '''byexer'''....''to strike'' → '''<u>az</u>byexer'''....''to stomp, to hit hard'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>az</u>der'''....''to emphasize'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>az</u>duer'''....''to urge'' ::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>az</u>dizeuder'''....''to guffaw'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>az</u>fer'''....''to crave'' ::* '''fuyevder'''....''to criticize'' → '''<u>az</u>fuyevder'''....''to lambaste'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>az</u>yujber'''....''to lock'' === Expressing Less Intense Actions with '''oz-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to utter'' → '''<u>oz</u>der'''....''to whisper'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>oz</u>duer'''....''to hint'' ::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>oz</u>dizeuder'''....''to chuckle'' ::* '''uvteuder'''....''to moan'' → '''<u>oz</u>uvteuder'''....''to whimper'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>oz</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' === Expressing ''pre-, fore-'' with '''ja-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to tell'' → '''<u>ja</u>der'''....''to foretell, predict'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''<u>ja</u>teater'''....''to foresee, preview'' ::* '''ter'''....''to know'' → '''<u>ja</u>ter'''....''to presage, have foreknowledge of'' ::* '''yever'''....''to judge'' → '''<u>ja</u>yever'''....''to prejudge'' ::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''<u>ja</u>juder'''....''to antedate'' === Expressing ''post-, after-'' with '''jo-''' === ::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''<u>jo</u>juder'''....''to postdate'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>jo</u>texer'''....''to reflect on, review'' ::* '''uvder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>jo</u>uvder'''....''to mourn, regret'' ::* '''ibler'''....''to obtain'' → '''<u>jo</u>ibler'''....''to inherit'' === Expressing ''excessively'' with '''gra-''' === ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''<u>gra</u>telier'''....''to overeat'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>gra</u>fer'''....''to covet'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>gra</u>der'''....''to exaggerate'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>gra</u>daler'''....''to yammer'' === Expressing ''inadequately'' with '''gro-''' === ::* '''fyinder'''....''to value'' → '''<u>gro</u>fyinder'''....''to underestimate'' ::* '''mageler'''....''to cook'' → '''<u>gro</u>mageler'''....''to undercook'' ::* '''xaer'''....''to perform'' → '''<u>gro</u>xaer'''....''to underperform'' === Expressing ''counter-, contra-'' with '''ov-''' or '''oyv-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''<u>ov</u>axler'''....''to counteract'' ::* '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' → '''<u>ov</u>apyexer'''....''to counterattack'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>ov</u>daler'''....''to oppose'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>oyv</u>der'''....''to contradict'' ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oyv</u>ber'''....''to reverse, overturn'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>oyv</u>texer'''....''to contest, disagree'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>oyv</u>per'''....''to contravene'' === Expressing ''on behalf, for'' with '''av-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''<u>av</u>axler'''....''to act on behalf of'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>av</u>daler'''....''to advocate, speak on behalf of'' ::* '''dyundrer'''....''to sign'' → '''<u>av</u>dyundrer'''....''to endorse'' === Making Verbs Reflexive with '''ut-''' (''self-, auto-'') === ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>ut</u>tojber'''....''to commit suicide'' ::* '''vyovider'''....''to flatter'' → '''<u>ut</u>vyovider'''....''to flatter oneself'' ::* '''zaypuxwer'''....''to be propelled'' → '''<u>ut</u>zaypuxwer'''....''to be self-propelled'' ::* '''fider'''....''to praise'' → '''<u>ut</u>fider'''....''to brag'' ::* '''gober'''....''to decrement'' → '''<u>ut</u>gober'''....''to autodecrement'' === Making Verbs Reciprocal with '''hyuit-''' (''one another'') === ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>hyuit</u>tojber'''....''to kill one another'' ::* '''ifer'''....''to love'' → '''<u>hyuit</u>ifer'''....''to love one another'' === Expressing ''inter-, intra-'' with '''eb-''' (''between'') or '''eyb-''' (''among'') === ::* '''tadier'''....''to marry'' → '''<u>eb</u>tadier'''....''to intermarry'' ::* '''zyaber'''....''to spread'' → '''<u>eb</u>zyaber'''....''to intersperse'' ::* '''vyexer'''....''to relate'' → '''<u>eb</u>vyexer'''....''to interrelate'' ::* '''mulxer'''....''to materialize'' → '''<u>eyb</u>mulxer'''....''to mix'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>eyb</u>xer'''....''to interest, to involve'' === Expressing the Opposite of an Action with '''o-''' (''un-'') === ::* '''bexler'''....''to keep'' → '''<u>o</u>bexler'''....''to release, let go of'' ::* '''aynser'''....''to integrate'' → '''<u>o</u>aynser'''....''to disintegrate, to decay'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>o</u>beler'''....''to drop'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>o</u>bier'''....''to leave, relinquish'' ::* '''boser'''....''to be quiet'' → '''<u>o</u>boser'''....''to be upset'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>o</u>drer'''....''to erase'' ::<small>Note: If the base verb already begins with the negative prefix '''o-''', then the prefix is changed to '''ol-''', eg. '''obexler'''....''to release'' → '''<u>ol</u>obexwa'''....''to unrelease'' </small> === Expressing a Public or Official Action with '''do-''' === :: '''Do-''' is a stub for '''dot''' (''society''). ::* '''afder'''....''to allow'' → '''<u>do</u>afder'''....''to authorize'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>do</u>bier'''....''to conquer, take over, take control of'' ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>do</u>tojber'''....''to execute'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>do</u>buer'''....''to dedicate'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>do</u>daler'''....''to orate, speak in public'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''<u>do</u>deler'''....''to announce'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>do</u>drer'''....''to publicize, report'' ::* '''direr'''....''to demand'' → '''<u>do</u>direr'''....''to mandate, to dictate'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>do</u>drer'''....''to publicize'' ::* '''drurer'''....''to print'' → '''<u>do</u>drurer'''....''to publish'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>do</u>duer'''....''to propose, to move'' ::* '''durer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>do</u>durer'''....''to decree'' ::* '''dyeder'''....''to recite'' → '''<u>do</u>dyeder'''....''to declaim'' ::* '''dyeer'''....''to read'' → '''<u>do</u>dyeer'''....''to lecture'' ::* '''ebdaler'''....''to discuss'' → '''<u>do</u>ebdaler'''....''to deliberate'' ::* '''eber'''....''to block'' → '''<u>do</u>eber'''....''to enjoin, to restrain'' ::* '''fuxer'''....''to do bad'' → '''<u>do</u>fuxer'''....''to commit a crime'' ::* '''kebier'''....''to choose'' → '''<u>do</u>kebier'''....''to elect'' ::* '''lonapxer'''....''to mess up'' → '''<u>do</u>lonapxer'''....''to riot'' ::* '''naxgaxer'''....''to raise prices'' → '''<u>do</u>naxgaxer'''....''to auction off'' ::* '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' → '''<u>do</u>nixbuer'''....''to hawk'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Truth with '''vya-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vya</u>der'''....''to avow, to be frank'' ::* '''ber'''....''to set, put'' → '''<u>vya</u>ber'''....''to control'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>vya</u>bier'''....''to postulate'' ::* '''boler'''....''to support'' → '''<u>vya</u>boler'''....''to prove'' ::* '''duder'''....''to answer'' → '''<u>vya</u>duder'''....''to solve'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>vya</u>duer'''....''to allege'' ::* '''nadxer'''....''to line up'' → '''<u>vya</u>nadxer'''....''to align'' ::* '''nagxer'''....''to measure'' → '''<u>vya</u>nagxer'''....''to fit'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange, order'' → '''<u>vya</u>napxer'''....''to adjust'' ::* '''nazaxer'''....''to evaluate'' → '''<u>vya</u>nazaxer'''....''to corroborate'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>vya</u>kexer'''....''to investigate'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>vya</u>tuer'''....''to advise'' === Giving Verbs of Nuance of Falseness with '''vyo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vyo</u>der'''....''to lie, to misstate'' ::* '''tester'''....''to understand'' → '''<u>vyo</u>tester'''....''to misunderstand'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>vyo</u>tuer'''....''to misinform, to deceive'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>vyo</u>xer'''....''to do wrong, fail, misdo'' ::* '''yuxler'''....''to serve'' → '''<u>vyo</u>yuxler'''....''to betray, to serve unfaithfully'' === Making Verbs Positive with '''va-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>va</u>der'''....''to affirm'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>va</u>texer'''....''to believe'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to expect'' → '''<u>va</u>yeker'''....''to presume'' ::* '''bier'''.....''to take'' → '''<u>va</u>bier'''....''to accept'' === Making Verbs Negative with '''vo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vo</u>der'''....''to deny'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>vo</u>texer'''....''to doubt'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to expect'' → '''<u>vo</u>yeker'''....''to rule out'' ::* '''bier'''.....''to take'' → '''<u>vo</u>bier'''....''to reject'' === Making Verbs Suppositional with '''ve-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ve</u>der'''....''to conjecture'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>ve</u>texer'''....''to suppose, hypothesize'' ::* '''yovder'''....''to blame'' → '''<u>ve</u>yovder'''....''to indict, accuse'' === Speeding up Verbs with '''ig-''' === ::* '''pier'''....''to leave'' → '''<u>ig</u>pier'''....''to flee'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to drop'' → '''<u>ig</u>pyoser'''....''to plummet'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>ig</u>tyoper'''....''to run'' ::* '''yeper'''....''to enter'' → '''<u>ig</u>yeper'''....''to rush in'' === Slowing up Verbs with '''ug-''' === ::* '''paser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>ug</u>paser'''....''to amble'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ug</u>teaxer'''....''to gaze'' ::* '''ilper'''....''to flow'' → '''<u>ug</u>ilper'''....''to trickle'' ::* '''tilier'''....''to drink'' → '''<u>ug</u>tilier'''....''to sip'' === Expressing the Nuance of Suddenness with '''yok-''' === ::* '''baxer'''....''to stir'' → '''<u>yok</u>baxer'''....''to startle'' ::* '''hihider'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>yok</u>hihider'''....''to burst out laughing'' ::* '''teaser'''....''to appear'' → '''<u>yok</u>teaser'''....''to suddenly appear'' ::* '''yoktojer'''....''to die'' → '''<u>yok</u>tojer'''....''to drop dead'' === Expressing the Notion of Fixedness with '''kyo-''' === ::* '''byaser'''....''to stand'' → '''<u>kyo</u>byaser'''....''to stand still'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>kyo</u>kexer'''....''to hound, stalk'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>kyo</u>teaxer'''....''to stare, glare'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>kyo</u>texer'''....''to obsess with, fixate on'' === Expression the Notion of Randomness or Chance with '''kye-'''=== ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>kye</u>der'''....''to guess, divine'' ::* '''per'''....''to per'' → '''<u>kye</u>per'''....''to fluctuate'' ::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' → '''<u>kye</u>poper'''....''to wander'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>kye</u>napxer'''....''to scramble, shuffle'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>kye</u>bier'''....''to select'' ::* '''kaxer'''....''to find'' → '''<u>kye</u>kaxer'''....''to discover, to find by chance'' ::* '''vyabxer'''....''to check'' → '''<u>kye</u>vabxer'''....''to spot check'' === Expressing the Notion of Change with '''kya-''' === ::* '''baser'''....''to make a move'' → '''<u>kya</u>baser'''....''to shift'' ::* '''sanxer'''....''to form'' → '''<u>kya</u>sanxer'''....''to transform'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do/make'' → '''<u>kya</u>xer'''....''to change'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>kya</u>napxer'''....''to shuffle'' ::* '''dyanxer'''....''to phrase'' → '''<u>kya</u>dyanxer'''....''to paraphrase'' === Expressing Covert Actions with '''ko-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ko</u>ber'''....''to hide'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>ko</u>beler'''....''to smuggle'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>ko</u>bier'''....''to steal'' ::* '''ebkyaxer'''....''to exchange'' → '''<u>ko</u>ebkyaxer'''....''to traffic'' ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''<u>ko</u>exer'''....''to spy, operate under cover'' ::* '''fler'''....''to wish for'' → '''<u>ko</u>fler'''....''to covet, be jealous of'' ::* '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' → '''<u>ko</u>apyexer'''....''to ambush, to sneak-attack'' ::* '''loexer'''....''to destroy'' → '''<u>ko</u>loexer'''....''to sabotage'' === Expressing Actions with Intentionality with '''ke-''' === ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ke</u>teaxer'''....''to scan'' ::* '''vyaxer'''....''to prove'' → '''<u>ke</u>vyaxer'''....''to experiment'' ::* '''tier'''....''to learn'' → '''<u>ke</u>tier'''....''to be interested in'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>ke</u>bier'''....''to choose'' ::* '''pexer'''....''to catch'' → '''<u>ke</u>pexer'''....''to hunt'' === Expressing Lateral Actions with '''ku-''' === ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>ku</u>buxer'''....''to rebuff, shun'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ku</u>der'''....''to comment, remark'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to step'' → '''<u>ku</u>tyoper'''....''to step aside'' === Expressing Diagonal Actions with '''ki-''' === ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ki</u>teaxer'''....''to look askance at'' ::* '''tuxer'''....''to teach'' → '''<u>ki</u>tuxer'''....''to brainwash'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>ki</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>ki</u>pyoser'''....''to slip and fall'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>ki</u>per'''....''to slide'' === Expressing Near Actions with '''yub-'''=== ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>yub</u>der'''....''to intimate, hint'' ::* '''gexer'''....''to equate'' → '''<u>yub</u>gexer'''....''to approximate'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''<u>yub</u>bixer'''....''to attract, draw near'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yub</u>teaxer'''....''to scrutinize, examine'' === Expressing Distance Actions with '''yib-''' (''far, tele-'') === ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>yib</u>drer'''....''to wire, telegraph'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''<u>yi(b)</u>bixer'''....''to distract'' ::* '''tuier'''....''to communicate'' → '''<u>yib</u>tuier'''....''to telecommunicate'' ::* '''nyuxer'''....''to deliver'' → '''<u>yib</u>nyuxer'''....''to mail, post'' === Expressing ''up-, super-'' with '''yab-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ya(b)</u>ber'''....''to raise, to put up'' ::* '''bixler'''....''to drag'' → '''<u>ya(b)</u>bixler'''....''to dredge up'' ::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''<u>yab</u>uper'''....''to come up'' ::* '''nogyanxer'''....''to scale'' → '''<u>yab</u>nogyanxer'''....''to scale up, escalate'' === Expressing ''down-, sub-'' with '''yob-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>yo(b)</u>ber'''....''to lower, put down'' ::* '''kyaber'''....''to shift'' → '''<u>yob</u>kyaxer'''....''to downshift'' ::* '''musper'''....''to climb'' → '''<u>yob</u>musper'''....''to climb down'' ::* '''nogyanxer'''....''to scale'' → '''<u>yob</u>nogyanxer'''....''to downscale'' === Expressing ''in-'' with '''yeb-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ye(b)</u>ber'''....''to insert, put in'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>ye(b)</u>beler'''....''to import'' ::* '''uzber'''....''to bend'' → '''<u>yeb</u>uzber'''....''to inflect'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>yeb</u>yujber'''....''to enclose, include'' === Expressing ''out-, ex-, extra-'' with '''oyeb-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oye</u>ber'''....''to put out, expose'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>oye</u>beler'''....''to export'' ::* '''uber'''....''to send'' → '''<u>oyeb</u>uber'''....''to emit, send out'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>oyeb</u>yujber'''....''to exclude'' === Expressing ''pro-, forward'' with '''zay-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>zay</u>ber'''....''to advance, put forward'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>zay</u>kexer'''....''to scout out'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zay</u>puxer'''....''to propel, thrust'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>zay</u>tyoper'''....''to progress, to walk forward'' === Expressing ''back-, retro-, re-'' with '''zoy-''' === ::* '''uber'''....''to send'' → '''<u>zoy</u>ber'''....''to send back'' ::* '''kixer'''....''to bend'' → '''<u>zoy</u>kixer'''....''to reflect'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zoy</u>puxer'''....''to repel'' ::* '''neadper'''....''to track'' → '''<u>zoy</u>neadper'''....''to backtrack'' === Expressing ''across, trans-, over-, cross-'' with '''zey-''' === ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zey</u>per'''....''to cross, transit'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>zey</u>beler'''....''to transport, convey'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>zey</u>drer'''....''to transcribe'' ::* '''kyober'''....''to fix'' → '''<u>zey</u>kyober'''....''to transfix, transplant'' ::* '''vyayeker'''....''to check'' → '''<u>zey</u>vyayeker'''....''to crosscheck'' === Expressing ''through, per-'' with '''zye-''' === ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zye</u>per'''....''to permeate, get through'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>zye</u>kexer'''....''to rummage, sift through'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>zye</u>drer'''....''to cross out, draw a line through'' ::* '''iluer'''....''to pour'' → '''<u>zye</u>iluer'''....''to soak'' ::* '''koper'''....''to sneak'' → '''<u>zye</u>koper'''....''to sneak through'' === Expressing ''all over, widely, all about'' with '''zya-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>zya</u>ber'''....''to spread'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>zya</u>buer'''....''to distribute'' ::* '''ijber'''....''to open'' → '''<u>zya</u>ijber'''....''to open wide'' ::* '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' → '''<u>zya</u>nuxer'''....''to disburse'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zya</u>puxer'''....''to scatter, cast about'' === Expressing ''mid-, center'' with '''ze-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ze</u>ber'''....''to balance'' ::* '''byaser'''....''to stand'' → '''<u>ze</u>byaser'''....''to straddle'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ze</u>der'''....''to interject'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>ze</u>pyoser'''....''to sag'' ::* '''poxer'''....''to stop'' → '''<u>ze</u>poxer'''....''to interrupt'' === Expressing ''futurity'' with '''oj-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oj</u>ber'''....''to put off, postpone'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>oj</u>bier'''....''to borrow'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>oj</u>fer'''....''to wish, aspire'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>oj</u>texer'''....''to plan'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''<u>oj</u>teater'''....''to envision'' ::* '''vader'''....''to affirm'' → '''<u>oj</u>vader'''....''to promise'' === Expressing ''past'' with '''aj-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>aj</u>ber'''....''to pass, relegate to the past'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>aj</u>der'''....''to evoke, hearken, recount'' ::* '''embier'''....''to occupy'' → '''<u>aj</u>embier'''....''to haunt'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>aj</u>texer'''....''to reminisce, to reflect'' ::* '''uvtosder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>aj</u>uvtosder'''....''to apologize'' ::* '''nexer'''....''to store'' → '''<u>aj</u>nexer'''....''to archive'' === Expressing ''present'' with '''ej-''' === ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>ej</u>buer'''....''to present'' ::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' → '''<u>ej</u>eser'''....''to attend, to be present'' ::* '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' → '''<u>ej</u>nuxer'''....''to pay cash'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>ej</u>tuer'''....''to update'' ::* '''uvtosder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>ej</u>uvtosder'''....''to apologize'' === Expressing a stretched out action with '''yag-''' (''long'') === ::* '''beser'''....''to stay'' → '''<u>yag</u>beser'''....''to linger'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''<u>yag</u>bexer'''....''to conserve, preserve'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>yag</u>daler'''....''to ramble'' ::* '''dodaler'''....''to orate'' → '''<u>yag</u>dodaler'''....''to harangue'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>yag</u>fer'''....''to yearn, pine'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yag</u>teaxer'''....''to stare'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>yag</u>fer'''....''to yearn, pine'' === Expressing a brief action with '''yog-''' (''short'') === ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>yog</u>drer'''....''to abbreviate'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yog</u>teaxer'''....''to glance at'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' → '''<u>yog</u>tujer'''....''to snooze, nap'' ::* '''gobler'''....''to cut'' → '''<u>yog</u>gobler'''....''to cut short, truncate'' === Some Hybrid Prefixes === The prefix '''kui-''' is a hybrid of '''ku-''' (''lateral'') and '''ki-''' (''diagonal'') ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>kui</u>per'''....''to wobble'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>kui</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' The prefix '''zao-''' is a truncated hybrid of '''zay-''' (''forward'') and '''zoy-''' (''backwards''), eg: ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>zao</u>baser'''....''to rock'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zao</u>per'''....''to alternate'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>kui</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>kui</u>pyoser'''....''to pendulate'' The prefix '''yaob-''' is a hybrid of '''yab-''' (''up'') and '''yob-''' (''down''). The final '''b-''' is assimilated or dropped before a '''b''' or '''p'''. ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>yao</u>baser'''....''to bob'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>yao</u>per'''....''to heave'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>yao</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''peper'''....''to ride'' → '''<u>yao</u>peper'''....''to jounce'' ::* '''puser'''....''to jump'' → '''<u>yao</u>puser'''....''to hop, bounce'' The prefix '''bui-''' is a hybrid of '''bu-''' (''to'') and '''bi-''' (''from''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>bui</u>drer'''....''to correspond'' ::* '''-er'''....''to x'' → '''<u>bui</u>er'''....''to trade'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>bui</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>bui</u>xer'''....''to push and pull, spring'' ::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' → '''<u>bui</u>poper'''....''to travel to and fro, travel round trip'' The prefix '''uiz-''' is a hybrid of '''uz-''' (''crooked'') and '''iz-''' (''straight''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>uiz</u>drer'''....''to squiggle'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>uiz</u>der'''....''to equivocate'' ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>uiz</u>baser'''....''to wiggle, to squirm'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>uiz</u>per'''....''to careen, reel'' ::* '''paser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>uiz</u>paser'''....''to swerve, yaw'' The prefix '''zui-''' is a hybrid of '''zu-''' (''left'') and '''zi-''' (''right''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>uiz</u>drer'''....''to squiggle'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>zui</u>buxer'''....''to push around'' ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>zui</u>baser'''....''to sway, totter'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zui</u>per'''....''to zigzag'' ::* '''pasler'''....''to shake'' → '''<u>zui</u>pasler'''....''to wobble'' The prefix '''aoyeb-''' is a hybrid of '''(a)yeb-''' (''in'') and '''oyeb-''' (''out''), eg: ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>aoye</u>ber'''....''to insert and extract'' ::* '''tiexer'''....''to breathe'' → '''<u>aoye</u>tiexer'''....''to breath in and out'' ::* '''paper'''....''to fly'' → '''<u>aoye</u>paper'''....''to fly in and out'' The prefix '''aob-''' is a hybrid of '''ab-''' (''on'') and '''ob-''' (''off''), eg: ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ao</u>ber'''....''to put on and off'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>ao</u>per'''....''to get on and off, embark and disembark'' The prefix '''vao-''' is a hybrid of '''va-''' (''yes'') and '''vo-''' (''no''), eg: ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vao</u>der'''....''to decide'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>vao</u>daler'''....''to waffle'' ::* '''duder'''....''to answer'' → '''<u>vao</u>duder'''....''to answer yes or no'' ::* '''kyaxer'''....''to change'' → '''<u>vao</u>kyaxer'''....''to redact'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>vao</u>texer'''....''to deliberate, vacillate'' The prefix '''uij''' is a hybrid of '''uj-''' (''end'') and '''ij-''' (''begin'') ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>uij</u>ber'''....''to switch off and on'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>uij</u>daler'''....''to stutter'' The prefix '''yuij''' is a hybrid of '''yuj-''' (''close'') and '''yij-''' (''open'') ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>yuij</u>ber'''....''to open and close, blink'' The prefix '''huim''' is a hybrid of '''hum''' (''there'') and '''him''' (''there'') ::* '''paper'''....''to fly'' → '''<u>huim</u>paper'''....''to fly here and yon'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>huim</u>per'''....''to wander'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>huim</u>kexer'''....''to search high and low'' === Different Nuances of '''teaxer''' with Prefixes === <div style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}}; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|3}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}};font-size:smaller;";> ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look, behold, regard'' ::* '''aybteaxer'''....''to supervise, look over'' ::* '''ajteaxer'''....''to look back on (retrospect)'' ::* '''eynteaxer'''....''to squint'' ::* '''fizteaxer'''....''to respect'' ::* '''fuzteaxer'''....''to disrespect'' ::* '''gawteaxer'''....''to review, re-look'' ::* '''hyuitteaxer'''....''to look at one another'' ::* '''ibteaxer'''....''to ignore'' ::* '''igteaxer'''....''to glance, glimpse'' ::* '''ifteaxer'''....''to marvel at'' ::* '''izteaxer'''....''to view directly, confront, aim'' ::* '''jateaxer'''....''to preview'' ::* '''jeteaxer'''....''to watch, observe'' ::* '''joteaxer'''....''to review'' ::* '''kateaxer'''....''to look for'' ::* '''keteaxer'''....''to scan'' ::* '''kiteaxer'''....''to look askance'' ::* '''koteaxer'''....''to peek, spy'' ::* '''kozyeteaxer'''....''to peep'' ::* '''kozyoteaxer'''....''to peer'' ::* '''kuteaxer'''....''to observe'' ::* '''kyeteaxer'''....''to browse'' ::* '''kyoteaxer'''....''to stare, glare'' ::* '''oteaxer'''....''to ignore, overlook'' ::* '''ufteaxer'''....''to glare, leer'' ::* '''ugteaxer'''....''to gaze'' ::* '''yagteaxer'''....''to gape, gawk'' ::* '''yebteaxer'''....''to inspect'' ::* '''yibteaxer'''....''to view from afar'' ::* '''yogteaxer'''....''to glance at'' ::* '''yokteaxer'''....''to get a glimpse of'' ::* '''yubteaxer'''....''to examine'' ::* '''yuibteaxer'''....''to look near and far'' ::* '''yuzteaxer'''....''to look around, circumspect'' ::* '''yanteaxer'''....''to view together'' ::* '''yizteaxer'''....''to look beyond, overlook'' ::* '''vyateaxer'''....''to investigate, check out'' ::* '''vyoteaxer'''....''to view wrongly'' ::* '''zateaxer'''....''to face, confront'' ::* '''zayteaxer'''....''to look ahead, expect'' ::* '''zoyteaxer'''....''to look back'' ::* '''zeyteaxer'''....''to look across'' ::* '''ziteaxer'''....''to look to the right'' ::* '''zuteaxer'''....''to look to the left'' ::* '''zuiteaxer'''....''to look right and left'' ::* '''zyateaxer'''....''to look all over, survey'' ::* '''zyeteaxer'''....''to look through, peruse'' ::* '''zyoteaxer'''....''to squint'' ::* '''yobteaxer'''....''to look down'' ::* '''yaobteaxer'''....''to look up and down'' ::* '''zaoteaxer'''....''to look back and forth'' ::* '''yabteaxer'''....''to look up'' ::* '''yubketeaxer'''....''to pry'' ::* '''uzteaxer'''....''to look indirectly at'' ::* '''oyebteaxer'''....''to look out'' ::* '''ojteaxer'''....''to peer into the future'' ::* '''marteaxer'''....''to star-gaze'' ::* '''tabteaxer'''....''to autopsy'' </div> == Modal Verbs == : Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are usually followed by the main verb in the infinitive or a subjunctive dependent clause and have to do with wanting, permitting, prohibiting, being able, being unable, needing, being obliged to do something, etc. ==== Principal Modal Auxiliary Verbs ==== [[File:Ladies Should Listen poster.jpg|thumb|]] : Mirad has a set of modal auxiliary verbs that can be followed by a main verb in the infinitive mode. This is very much like English modal auxiliary verbs in the following examples: ::* ''I <u>want</u> to go.'' ::* ''You <u>must</u> wait.'' ::* ''You <u>may</u> stay.'' ::* ''I <u>dare</u> say.'' : Here is a chart showing the main modal auxiliary verbs in Mirad: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Principle Modal Auxiliary Verbs |- ! Type !! Positive !! Negative |- ! Permission | '''afer'''....''may''<br>'''ayfer'''....''might'' || '''ofer'''....''may not''<br>'''oyfer'''....''might not'' |- ! Ability | '''yafer'''....''can''||'''yofer'''....''cannot'' |- ! Need | '''efer'''....''need to'' || |- ! Obligation | '''yefer'''....''must''<br>'''yeyfer'''....''should'' ||'''oyefer'''....''must not''<br>'''oyeyfer'''....''should not'' |- ! Desire | '''fer'''....''want to'' || |- ! Enjoyment | '''ifer'''....''love to, enjoy''<br>'''iyfer'''....''like to'' || '''ufer'''....''hate to''<br>'''uyfer'''....''dislike to'' |- ! Courage |'''yifer'''....''dare to'' || '''yufer'''....''be afraid to, fear'' |- ! Liberty | '''yiver'''....''have a right to, be free to'' || '''yuver'''....''be bound to, be supposed to'' |- ! Expectation | '''yaker'''....''expect to'' || '''yoker'''....''be surprised to'' |- ! Conation | '''yeker'''....''try to'' || |- ! Difficulty | '''yiker'''....''to find it hard to'' || '''yuker'''....''to find it easy to'' |} : These modal auxiliary verbs are often followed by a verbal infinitive, as in the following examples: ::* '''At fe <u>ter</u>.'''....''I want <u>to know</u>.'' ::* '''Wit yifa <u>yeper</u>.'''....''He dared <u>to enter</u>.'' ::* '''Yat yafe <u>teater</u> yet.'''....''We can <u>see</u> you.'' ::* '''Duven et yaka <u>aker</u>?'''....''Did you expect <u>to win</u>?'' ::* '''Diwe yeku <u>xer</u> ga fi.'''....''Please try <u>to do</u> better.'' : If the modal verb is in the hypothetical aspect (conditional), then the sense is somewhat mitigated, as in these examples: :* '''At <u>fe</u> per.'''....''I <u>want</u> to go.'' :* '''At <u>fu</u> per.'''....''I <u>would</u> like to go.'' :* '''Et <u>yafe</u> aker.'''....''You <u>can</u> win.'' :* '''Et <u>yafu</u> aker.'''....''You <u>could</u> win.'' :* '''Yet <u>yefe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>must</u> leave.'' :* '''Yet <u>yefu</u> iper.'''....''You <u>ought</u> to leave.'' : Post-y-gliding the stem vowel of the modal verb also reduces the strength, for example: :* '''At <u>ife</u> et.''' ....''I <u>love</u> you.'' :* '''At <u>iyfe</u> et.''' ....''I <u>like</u> you.'' :* '''Et <u>yefe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>must</u> leave.'' :* '''Et <u>yeyfe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>should</u> leave.'' :* '''Iyt <u>yafe</u> aker.'''....''She <u>can</u> win.'' :* '''Iyt <u>yayfe</u> aker.'''....''She <u>might</u> win.'' :* '''At <u>ufa</u> uda tuz.'''....''I <u>hated</u> that art.'' :* '''At <u>uyfa</u> uda tuz.'''....''I <u>disliked</u> that art.'' : The use of '''l''' and '''r''' intensify the meaning of the auxiliary verbs, eg: :* '''Et <u>yuve</u> puer jwe.'''....''You <u>are supposed</u> to arrive on time.'' :* '''Et <u>yuvle</u> tepzexer.'''....''You <u>have</u> to pay attention.'' :* '''Et <u>yuvre</u> buer nas.'''....''You <u>absolutely must</u> give money.'' :* '''At <u>yeka</u> ser yeva.'''....''I <u>tried</u> to be fair.'' :* '''At <u>yekla</u> ujber jwa.'''....''I <u>strove</u> to finish early.'' :* '''At <u>yekra</u> nixer ga nas.'''....''I <u>struggled (= worked hard))</u> to earn more money.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ife</u> eker zyun.'''....''She <u>loves</u> to play ball.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ifla</u> teater et.'''....''She <u>was delighted</u> to see you.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ifre</u> teaper him.'''....''She <u>adores</u> visiting here.'' : Here are some examples showing how these modal verbs are used as auxiliaries: ::* '''Et <u>afe</u> oyeper ay ifeker.'''....''You <u>may</u> go out and play.'' ::* '''Yat <u>efa</u> tujer.'''....''We <u>needed</u> to sleep.'' ::* '''Ot <u>ofe</u> mavier him.'''....''One <u>is prohibited</u> to smoke here.'' ::* '''Mavier him <u>ofwe</u>.'''....''Smoking here is prohibited.'' ::* '''At <u>ife</u> dyeer.'''....''I <u>love</u> to read.'' ::* '''Duven et <u>fe</u> yeper?'''....''Do you <u>want</u> to come in?'' ::* '''At <u>fu</u> teaper et edjub.'''....''I <u>would like</u> to visit you some day.'' ::* '''It <u>ufaye hyaj</u> teaxwer.'''....''He <u>has always hated</u> being looked at.'' ::* '''Duven et <u>iyfe</u> per tilami?'''....''Do you <u>like</u> going to bars?'' ::* '''At <u>uyfe</u> tijer gra jwa.'''....''I <u>dislike</u> waking up too early.'' ::* '''Et <u>yafe</u> xer hyehos et fu.'''....''You <u>can</u> do whatever you like.'' ::* '''Et <u>yefer</u> xer ad vyaas.'''....''You <u>must</u> do the right thing.'' ::* '''Et <u>yeyfe</u> voy daler huuyen azay.'''....''You <u>should</u> not talk so loud.'' ::* '''At <u>yeyfa</u> ter ga fi.'''....''I <u>should have</u> known better.'' ::* '''At <u>voy yifu</u> der hyea fuas.'''....''I <u>would not dare</u> say anything bad.'' ::* '''<u>Von yufu</u> der hos et tesde.'''....''<u>Don't be afraid</u> to say what you mean.'' ::* '''Et <u>yive</u> dier yevanavdut.'''....''You <u>have a right</u> to ask for a lawyer.'' ::* '''Yat <u>voy yuvle</u> kyoejer.'''....''We <u>are not bound</u> to stick around.'' === Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms === :: All of these modal verbs can be passive, in which case they are "patient-oriented" rather than "subject-oriented." The participial adjective '''yafa'''....''able'' is subject-oriented and refers to a person, whereas the passived adjective '''yafwa'''....''possible'' is patient-oriented and refers to a thing or event. Here is a chart of the principal modal verbs and corresponding participial adjectives with this subject/object-orientation distinction shown: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms |- ! Modal Type || Subject-oriented !! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- ! !! Verb !! Adjective !! Verb !! Adjective |- !row=1| Permission | '''afer'''<br>''may'' || '''afa'''<br>''allowed'' || '''afwer'''<br>''be permitted'' || '''afwa'''<br>''permissable'' |- !row=1| Necessity | '''efer'''<br>''need'' || '''efa'''<br>''needful'' || '''efwer'''<br>''be necessary'' || '''efwa'''<br>''necessary, required'' |- !row=1| Prohibition | '''ofer'''<br>''be unallowed'' || '''ofa'''<br>''prohibited'' || '''ofwer'''<br>''be prohibited'' || '''ofwa'''<br>''banned'' |- !row=1| Possibility | '''yafer'''<br>''be able'' || '''yafa'''<br>''able'' || '''yafwer'''<br>''be possible'' || '''yafwa'''<br>''possible'' |- !row=1| Obligation | '''yefer'''<br>''must'' || '''yefa'''<br>''obliged'' || '''yefwer'''<br>''be obligatory'' || '''yefwa'''<br>''obligatory'' |- !row=1| Duty | '''yeyfer'''<br>''should'' || '''yeyfa'''<br>''supposed, duty-bound'' || '''yeyfwer'''<br>''be supposed'' || '''yeyfwa'''<br>''due'' |- !row=1| Impossibility | '''yofer'''<br>''be unable'' || '''yofa'''<br>''unable'' || '''yofwer'''<br>''be impossible'' || '''yofwa'''<br>''impossible'' |- !row=1| Volition | '''fer'''<br>''want'' || '''fa'''<br>''desirous'' || '''fwer'''<br>''be desirable'' || '''fwa'''<br>''desirable, wanted'' |- !row=1| Love | '''ifer'''<br>''love''<br>'''iyfer'''<br>''like'' || '''ifa'''<br>''enamored''<br>'''iyfa'''<br>''fond'' || '''ifwer'''<br>''be loved''<br>'''iyfwer'''<br>''be liked'' || '''ifwa'''<br>''lovable''<br>'''iyfwa'''<br>''likeable'' |- !row=1| Hate | '''ufer'''<br>''hate''<br>'''uyfer'''<br>''dislike'' || '''ufa'''<br>''averse''<br>'''uyfa'''<br>''displeased''|| '''ufwer'''<br>''be hated''<br>'''uyfwer'''<br>''be disliked'' || '''ufwa'''<br>''odious''<br>''unliked'' |- !row=1| Courage | '''yifer'''<br>''dare'' || '''yifa'''<br>''daring, brave'' || '''yifwer'''<br>''be safe'' || '''yifwa'''<br>''safe'' |- !row=1| Fear | '''yufer'''<br>''be afraid'' || '''yufa'''<br>''afraid'' || '''yufwer'''<br>''be a danger'' || '''yufwa'''<br>''frightening'' |- !row=1| Joy | '''iver'''<br>''enjoy'' || '''iva'''<br>''glad'' || '''ivwer'''<br>''be a joy'' || '''ivwa'''<br>''enjoyable'' |- !row=1| Sorrow | '''uver'''<br>''be sorry'' || '''uva'''<br>''sorry, sad'' || '''uvwer'''<br>''be a shame'' || '''uvwa'''<br>''regrettable'' |} : Examples of subject-oriented forms: ::* '''At se <u>yafa</u> xer hes.'''....''I <u>am capable of</u> doing anything.'' ::* '''Et <u>ofe</u> teater hia dyezun.'''....''You <u>are not allowed/are prohibited</u> to see this film.'' ::* '''Duven at <u>afe</u> per hum?'''....''Am I <u>allowed</u> to go there?'' ::* '''Yat <u>fu</u> ter eta dyun.'''....''We <u>would like</u> to know your name.'' ::* '''Piti <u>ufe</u> beser be mel.'''....''Fish <u>hate</u> to remain on dry land.'' ::* '''At ajay <u>ifa</u> dazer.'''....''I once <u>loved</u> to dance.'' ::* '''Et se iva, at <u>yife</u> der.'''....''You are beautiful, I <u>dare</u> say.'' ::* '''At <u>yeyfa</u> xer has ga ig.'''....''I <u>should</u> have done it sooner.'' ::* '''Von <u>yufu</u>; At yupeye.'''....''<u>Fear</u> not; I am coming.'' ::* '''Et <u>yefe</u> puer ja eymaj.'''....''You <u>must</u> arrive before noon.'' ::* '''Yet <u>yofe</u> daler je ha dezun.'''....''You people <u>must not</u> talk during the performance.'' ::* '''Yat <u>yeyfe</u> (= se <u>yeyfa</u>) aker.'''....''We should (= are <u>bound/supposed/due</u>) to win.'' ::* '''At <u>ive</u> teater et bakser.'''....''I<u>'m glad</u> to see you get better.'' ::* '''Su <u>iva</u>.'''....''Be <u>happy</u>.'' ::* '''At <u>uvu (= su uva)</u> teater et iper.'''....''I <u>would be sad</u> to see you leave.'' : Examples of patient-oriented forms: ::* '''<u>Afwe</u> (= se afwa) mavier him.'''....''<u>It is permissible</u> to smoke here.'' ::* '''<u>Ofwe</u> (= se ofwa*) puxer fyumul him.'''....''<u>It is prohibited</u> to throw litter here.'' ::* '''<u>Fwe</u> (= se fwa) van yet dolu.'''....''<u>It is desired</u> that you stop talking.'' ::* '''<u>Voy yafwe</u> beser him gajob.'''....''<u>It is not possible</u> to remain here any longer.'' ::* '''<u>Yofwa</u> av at ivteuder.'''....''<u>It was not possible</u> for me to laugh.'' ::* '''<u>Yefwe</u> van et piu ig.'''....''<u>It is essential</u> that you leave quickly.'' ::* '''He <u>yeyfwe</u> ober ata tyoyafi?'''....''Is <u>it obligatory</u> to remove my shoes?'' ::* '''Ga yux <u>efwo</u>.'''....''More help <u>will be needed</u>.'' ::* '''Yuxren se <u>ufwa</u> xetyen.'''....''Slavery is an <u>odious</u> practice.'' ::* '''<u>Uvwe</u> van wit oka.'''....''<u>It's a shame</u> that he lost.'' :: *<small>'''lofwa''' is used for ''unwanted'' for disambiguation purposes.</small> === Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems === : Various causative verbs can be formed from modal stems, as shown in the chart below: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems |- ! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- | '''afxer'''....''allow'' (someone to do sthg.) || '''afwaxer'''....''permit'' (something to be done) |- | '''efxer'''....''require'' || '''efwaxer'''....''necessitate'' |- | '''ofxer'''....''prohibit'' || '''ofwaxer'''....''prohibit'' |- | '''yafxer'''....''enable'' || '''yafwaxer'''....''make possible'' |- | '''yefxer'''....''oblige'' || '''yefwaxer'''....''make obligatory'' |- | '''yofxer'''....''cripple'' || '''yofwaxer'''....''disable'' |- | '''yifxer'''....''embolden'' || '''yifwaxer'''....''make safe'' |- | '''yufxer'''....''intimidate'' || '''yufwaxer'''....''make frightening'' |- | '''ifxer'''....''please'' || '''ifwaxer'''....''make pleasant'' |} === Creating Modal Verbs and Adjectives with Modal Stem Suffixes === : Verb stems can be suffixed with modal participles to produce related modal verbs and adjectives. The first chart shows the modal participles themselves that can be suffixed to verb stems. Subject-oriented forms refer only to people, while patient-oriented forms (ending in '''-wa''') refer only to things. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Modal Suffixes |- ! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- | '''-yafa'''....''able to X, -able'' || '''-yafwa'''....''possible to X'' |- | '''-yofa'''....''unable to X'' || '''-yofwa'''....''impossible to X'' |- | '''-ifa'''....''fond of Xing, Xophile'' || '''-ifwa'''....''enjoyable to X'' |- | '''-ufa'''....''averse to Xing, Xophobic'' ||'''-ufwa'''....''unenjoyable to X'' |- | '''-yika'''....''hard of Xing'' || '''-yikwa'''....''hard to X'' |- | '''-yuka'''....''comfortable/easy Xing'' || '''-yukwa'''....''easy to X'' |- | '''-yaka'''....''expecting to X'' || '''yakwa'''....''expected/likely to X'' |- | '''-efa'''....''in need of Xing'' || '''-efwa'''....''necessary to X'' |- | '''-yefa'''....''obliged to X'' || '''-yefwa'''....''obligatory/due to X'' |- | '''-yufa'''....''afraid of Xing'' || '''-yufwa'''....''frightening to X'' |} : This table shows some of these modal suffixes applied to actual verb and noun stems: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Modals and Orientation |- ! Orientation !! Positive Adjective !! Positive Verb !! Negative Adjective !! Negative Verb |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''teatyafa'''<br>''able to see, sighted'' || '''teatyafer'''<br>''be able to see'' || '''teatyofa'''<br>''blind'' || '''teatyofer'''<br>''be blind'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''teatyafwa'''<br>''visible'' || '''teatyafwer'''<br>''be visible'' || '''teatyofwa'''<br>''invisible'' || '''teatyofwer'''<br>''be invisible'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''teetyafa'''<br>''able to hear, hearing'' || '''teetyafer'''<br>''be able to hear'' || '''teetyofa'''<br>''deaf'' || '''teatyofer'''<br>''be deaf'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''teetyafwa'''<br>''audible'' || '''teetyafwer'''<br>''be audible'' || '''teeyofwa'''<br>''inaudible'' || '''teeyofwer'''<br>''be inaudiable'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''dalyafa'''<br>''able to speak'' || '''dalyafer'''<br>''be able to speak'' || '''dalyofa'''<br>''mute, dumb'' || '''dalyofer'''<br>''be mute, dumb'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''doabifa'''<br>''patriotic'' || '''doabifer'''<br>''be patriotic'' || '''doabufa'''<br>''rebellious'' || '''doabufer'''<br>''rebel'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tosyafa'''<br>''sensitive'' || '''tosyafer'''<br>''be able to feel'' || '''tosyofa'''<br>''insensitive'' || '''tosyofer'''<br>''be numbed'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''tayotyafwa'''<br>''palpable'' || '''tayotyafwer'''<br>''be palpable'' || '''tayotyofwa'''<br>''numb'' || '''tayotyofwer'''<br>''be impalbable, numb'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''testyukwa'''<br>''easy to understand'' || '''testyukwaxer'''<br>''make easily understood'' || '''testyikwa'''<br>''hard to understand'' || '''testyikwaxer'''<br>''make hard to understand'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tudyaka'''<br>''pregnant, expecting'' || '''tudyaker'''<br>''be expecting''|| || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' |'''mamilyakwa'''<br>''likely to rain'' || '''mamilyakwer'''<br>''to be expected to rain''|| '''mamilyokwa'''<br>''unlikely to rain''|| '''mamilyokwer'''<br>''to be unlikely to rain'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tilefa'''<br>''thirsty'' || '''tilefer'''<br>''be thirsty'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''telefa'''<br>''hungry'' || '''telefer'''<br>''be hungry'' || || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''tejefwa'''<br>''vital'' || '''tejefwer'''<br>''be vital'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tujefa'''<br>''sleepy'' || '''tujefer'''<br>''be sleepy'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''nasefa'''<br>''poor, needy'' || '''nasefer'''<br>''be needy'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''dudyefa'''<br>''accountable, responsible'' || '''dudyefer'''<br>''be responsible'' || || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''texiyefwa'''<br>''noteworthy'' || '''texiyefwer'''<br>''be noteworthy'' || || |} == Sensing Verbs == : Verbs involving the senses, such as sight or hearing, follow a similar pattern, as the following chart shows: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Sensing Verbs |- valign=top ! TYPE !! '''teab'''....''eye''<br>'''teata'''....''visual'' !! '''teeb'''....''ear''<br>'''teeta'''....''acoustic'' !! '''teib'''....''nose''<br>'''teita'''....''olfactory'' !! '''teub'''....''mouth''<br>'''teuta'''....''gustatory'' !! '''tayob'''....''skin''<br>'''tayota'''....''tactile'' |- valign=top !row=1| Receptive<br>Active | '''teater'''<br>''see'' || '''teeter'''<br>''hear'' || '''teiter'''<br>''smell'' || '''teuter'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoter'''<br>''feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Receptive<br>Passive | '''teatwer'''<br>''be seen'' || '''teetwer'''<br>''be heard'' || '''teitwer'''<br>''be smelled'' || '''teutwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayotwer'''<br>''be felt'' |- valign=top !row=1| Stative | '''teaser'''<br>''seem'' || '''teeser'''<br>''sound'' || '''teiser'''<br>''smell'' || '''teuser'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoser'''<br>''feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Dynamic<br>Active | '''teaxer'''<br>''look at'' || '''teexer'''<br>''listen'' || '''teixer'''<br>''sniff'' || '''teuxer'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoxer'''<br>''touch'' |- valign=top !row=1| Dynamic<br>Passive | '''teaxwer'''<br>''be looked at'' || '''teexwer'''<br>''be listened to'' || '''teixwer'''<br>''be sniffed'' || '''teuxwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayoxwer'''<br>''be touched'' |- valign=top !row=1| Causative<br>Active | '''teatuer'''<br>''show'' || '''teetuer'''<br>''make hear'' || '''teixuer'''<br>''make smell'' || '''teuxuer'''<br>''offer a taste'' || '''tayoxuer'''<br>''make feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Causative<br>Passive | '''teatuwer'''<br>''be shown'' || '''teetuwer'''<br>''be made to hear'' || '''teituwer'''<br>''be made to smell'' || '''teutuwer'''<br>''be given a taste'' || '''tayotuwer'''<br>''be made to feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Inchoative<br>Active | '''teatier'''<br>''perceive,''<br>''catch sight of'' || '''teetier'''<br>''catch the<br>sound of'' || '''teitier'''<br>''get a whiff of'' || '''teutuer'''<br>''get a taste of'' || '''tayotier'''<br>''get the sensation of'' |- valign=top !row=1| Inchoative<br>Passive | '''teatiwer'''<br>''be perceived'' || '''teetiwer'''<br>''be heard'' || '''teitiwer'''<br>''be whiffed'' || '''teutiwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayotiwer'''<br>''be felt'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Stative | '''teatyofer'''<br>''be blind'' || '''teetyofer'''<br>''be deaf'' || '''teityofer'''<br>''be unable to smell'' || '''teityofer'''<br>''be unable to taste'' || '''tayotyofer'''<br>''be insensitive'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Stative | '''teatyofwer'''<br>''be invisible'' || '''teetyofwer'''<br>''be inaudible'' || '''teityofwer'''<br>''be undetectable<br>odorwise'' || '''teityofwer'''<br>''be insipid'' || '''tayotyofwer'''<br>''be undetectable<br>by touch'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Causative | '''teatyofxer'''<br>''blind'' || '''teetyofxer'''<br>''deafen'' || '''teityofxer'''<br>''desensitize<br>to smell'' || '''teutyofxer'''<br>''desensitize to<br>taste'' || '''tayotyofxer'''<br>''desensitize'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Causative | '''teatyofwaxer'''<br>''make invisible'' || '''teetyofwaxer'''<br>''make inaudible'' || '''teityofwaxer'''<br>''make odorless'' || '''teutyofwaxer'''<br>''render tasteless'' || '''tayotyofwaxer'''<br>''numb'' |} : Examples of usage: :* '''At <u>teatyofxwa</u> bey ha mani.'''....''I <u>was blinded</u> by the lights.'' :* '''Ha xeus sa <u>teetyofxyea</u>.'''....''The noise was <u>deafening</u>.'' :* '''Hia tit se gla <u>teatiyafa</u>.'''....''This pupil is very <u>perceptive</u>.'' :* '''Hua bekil se <u>teityofwa</u>.'''....''That medicine is <u>odorless</u> (impossible to smell).'' :* '''<u>Teatyofwaxu</u> ha vyuni.'''....''<u>Make</u> the spots <u>invisible</u>.'' :* '''Ha magmemyaz yonpyexlun <u>tayotyafwa</u> zya ha mir.'''....''The volcano eruption <u>could be felt</u> throughout the world.'' == Frequentative Verbs == :Frequentative verbs or repetitive action verbs can be formed with the prefix '''je-'''. This prefix gives the verb the meaning ''to keep on doing something''. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Frequentative Verbs |- ! Normal !! Frequentative |- | '''teaxer'''....''to look''||'''<u>je</u>teaxer'''....''to watch'' |- | '''bexer'''....''to hold''||'''<u>je</u>bexer'''....''to conserve'' |- | '''byexer'''....''to hit''||'''<u>je</u>byexer'''....''to batter'' |- | '''zoigper'''....''to pursue''||'''<u>je</u>zoigper'''....''to stalk'' |- | '''duler'''....''to urge'' || '''<u>je</u>duler'''....''to nag'' |} == Hybridized Verbs == : Verbs that involve motion directions that change back and forth can be formed by hybridizing the stem vowel or the vowel of the vectorial prefix. Here are some examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Hybridized Verbs |- ! First Verb !! Second Verb !! Hybridized Verb |- | '''py<u>a</u>ser'''....''jump up''|| '''py<u>o</u>ser'''....''fall down'' || '''py<u>ao</u>ser'''....''bounce, undulate'' |- | '''buer'''....''give'' || '''bier'''....''take'' || '''buier'''....''exchange'' |- | '''nuer'''....''furnish'' || '''nier'''....''consume'' || '''nuier'''....''trade'' |- | '''tuer'''....''inform'' || '''tier'''....''learn'' || '''tuier'''....''communicate'' |- | '''yaper'''....''ascend'' || '''yoper'''....''descend'' || '''yaoper'''....''go up and down'' |- | '''zayper'''....''go forward'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back'' || '''zaoper'''....''vacillate'' |- | '''vader'''....''affirm'' || '''voder'''....''deny'' || '''vaoder'''....''decide'' |- | '''yijber'''....''open'' || '''yujber'''....''close'' || '''uijber'''....''valve'' |- | '''baser'''....''stir'' || '''boser'''....''be still'' || '''baoser'''....''vibrate'' |} == Expressing Habitual Actions and States == : Mirad uses the term '''gel jubyen''' (''as a habit'') to express a verb reflecting habitual action, eg: ::* '''At tijeya be yiwa jwobi gel jubyen.'''....''I used to wake up at 9 o'clock.'' (Lit. ''I was waking up at 9 o'clock as a habit.''). : The term '''hyujod'''....''one another occasion'' (or '''be aj'''....''in the past'') is use to express ''once (upon a time)'', eg: ::* '''At sa tuxut hyujod (~ be aj) sa tuxut.''' ....''I once was a teacher.'' : The term '''vyabxelay''' (''routinely'') can also be used, eg: ::* '''Yat eke duz yuz bi ha doym vyabxelay.'''....''We play music around town routinely.'' == Expressing an Immediate Past == : To express an immediate past, such as in the sentence ''"We have just gotten married."'', Mirad uses the adverb '''ejnay''' (''newly'') much like the word ''just'' in English: ::* '''Yat tadsaye <u>ejnay</u>.'''....''We have <u>just</u> gotten married.'' ::* '''<u>Ejnay</u> tadxwa.'''....''<u>Just</u> married.'' ::* '''Wit dokebiwa <u>ejnay</u>.'''....''He was <u>just</u> elected.'' ::* '''At ujbaya yex <u>ejnay</u> hoj iyt yebupa.'''....''I had <u>just</u> finished work when she came in.'' == Verb Predicate Types == : Mirad verb predicates can be classified as follows: :* '''''Voice''''' ::* Active (The subject is the doer of the action) ::* Passive (The subject is the receiver of the action) ::* Middle (The subject is both the agent and patient) ::* Reflexive (The subject is also the patient.) ::* Reciprocal (Plural subjects interact.) :* '''''Stativity''''' ::* Stative (Does not involve action) ::* Dynamic (Action is involved) :* '''''Valency''''' ::* Impersonal (There is no subject) ::* Transitive (There is an object) ::* Intransitive (There is no object) ::* Auto-transitive (The subject is a patient and there is no agent) ::* Anti-transitive (There is the patient but an agent is assumed) ::* Causative (Subject causes an action to be performed) ::* Copula (X is Y) :* '''''Other''''' ::* Modal (''can, must, should, wants to''...) ::* Auxiliary (''help to, hope to, prepare to'' + verb) ::* Motion (''run, go, ride''...) ::* Communication (''say, answer, claim that...'') ::* Gesture (''put, shake, hit...'') ::* State/Stative (''be, become, live, be born...'') ::* Action/Dynamic (''do, act, make'') {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightYellow;;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Predicate Types |- ! Voice !! Stativity!! Valency !! Example |- | active || stative || impersonal, -agent, -object || '''Mamilo zajub.'''....''It will rain tomorrow.'' |- | active || stative || impersonal, -agent, +complement || '''Sa gla oma.'''....''It was very cold.'' |- | active || stative || impersonal, +subject || '''Ese het be ha mes.'''....''There is someone at the door.'' |- | active || stative || copula, subject + noun/adjective complement || '''Et se ata twud.'''....''You are my son.''<br>'''At aseye ebbyextipa.'''....''I am becoming angry.'' |- | middle || stative || auto-transitive, +subject=patient -agent -object || '''Iyt toja.'''....''She died'' |- | middle || stative || auto-transitive, +subject=patient +agent -object || '''Ha mes yija.'''....''The door opened.'' |- | active || stative || intransitive, +subject -object|| '''Et bokso.'''....''You will get sick.'' |- | active || stative || transitive, sense, +subject +object || '''At teate et.'''....''I see you.'' |- | active || stative || transitive, modal, +subject +verb complement || '''At fe per.'''....''I want to go.'' |- | active || stative || intransitive, subject-oriented modal, -subject +verb complement || '''Yofwe teater.'''....''It is impossible to see.'' |- | passive || stative || patient-oriented modal, +subject || '''Mamil yakwe.'''....''Rain is expected.'' |- | middle || dynamic || anti-transitive, +subject=patient +agent -object || '''Ha mes yijpa.'''....''The door came open.'' |- | active || dynamic || intransitive, +subject -object|| '''Ha fab pyosa.'''....''The tree fell.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, +subject +-object || '''Yit pyoxa ha fab.'''....''They felled the tree.'' |- | passive || dynamic || intransitive, +subject, -object || '''Ha fabi pyoxwa.'''....''The trees were felled.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, +subject, +object|| '''Obu eta tef.'''....''Take your hat off.'' |- | active || dynamic || ditransitive, +subject, +object +object || '''Von et buu iyt ha nas.'''....''Don't give her the money.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, motion, +subject, +destination/origin || '''Yupu ha seem.'''....''Approach the bench.''<br>'''Pu tam!'''....''Go home!'' (''you'' implied) |- | active || dynamic || causative, +subject +object, +agent || '''At tayegobluxo Jon.'''....''I will get my hair cut by John.'' |- | passive || dynamic || causative, +subject +object, +agent || '''At tayegobluxwo.'''....''I will get my hair cut.'' |- | active || dynamic || auxiliary, ditransitive, +patient +verb object || '''Yuxu at xer his.'''....''Help me do this.'' |- | passive || dynamic || auxiliary, ditransitive, +patient +verb object || '''At tuxwa eker duz.'''....''I was taught to play music.'' |- | middle || dynamic || reflexive, +subject = patient, -object || '''Iyt uttojba.'''....''She killed herself.'' |- | active || dynamic || reciprocal, +subjects = patients || '''Yit voy hyuitdale gaj.'''....''They don't talk to one another anymore.'' |} <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronouns|Prepositions}}</noinclude> ieqievspitzblcwgb280mxxv5rfzvtu 4673486 4673470 2026-10-01T16:13:34Z Tyoyafud 6233 /* Verb Stem Formants */ 4673486 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude> == The Verb Stem == [[File:Various forms of using the verb "to inform" in LSC.png|thumb|]] : Verbs in Mirad are listed in the dictionary under the present active infinitive (see [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Non-finite Forms]]), such as '''yexer'''....''to work''. The infinitive minus the '''er''' ending is the stem. The stem is used as the base for all other verbal instantiations. The infinitive as listed in the dictionary is usually active in voice, but occasionally a passive infinitive ending in '''-wer''' will be lexicalized because it is somehow special, so then, the stem is still the infinitive minus the '''-er''' ending. All Mirad verbs are conjugated in the same way and there are no exceptions. : This shows how to determine the '''''stem''''' of a verb listed in the dictionary: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Stems |- ! Simple Infinitive !! Stem<big>+</big>Infinitive Ending |- | '''yex<u>er</u>'''....''to work'' || '''yex<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''pos<u>er</u>'''....''to (come to a) stop'' || '''pos<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''x<u>er</u>'''....''to do'' || '''x<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''xw<u>er</u>'''....''to happen, be done'' (PASSIVE)|| '''xw<big>+</big>er''' |} === Verb Stem Formants === : A verb stem formant is a letter or group of letters at the end of a verb stem indicating: ::* '''TYPE OF VERB''': stative, causative, gestural, related to motion, communications, or mental states and activites ::* '''CERTAIN TRAITS''': active, passive, subject-oriented, patient-oriented, dynamic, intensive : The stems of most verbs end in one of the following verb formants: ::* '''s''' as in '''ser'''....''to be(come)'', <u>intransitive</u> verbs of being or becoming :::* '''aser'''....''to become'' :::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' :::* '''beser'''....''to stay'' :::* '''kyaser'''....''to change'' ::* '''x''' as in '''xer'''....''to do'', <u>transitive</u> verbs of action, doing, making, causation :::* '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' < '''aga'''....''big'' :::* '''uxer'''....''to cause'' < '''ux'''....''cause'' :::* '''yiklaxer'''....''to complicate'' < '''yikla'''....''complex'' :::* '''sanxer'''....''to form'' < '''san'''....''form'' ::* '''b''' as in '''ber'''....''to put'', transitive verbs of gesturing or putting :::* '''yaber'''....''to raise'' < '''yab'''....''up'' :::* '''yixber'''....''to put to use, deploy'' < '''yix'''....''use'' :::* '''ikber'''....''to fill'' < '''ik(a)'''....''full'' :::* '''abkyober''''....to affix'' < '''ab'''....''on'' + '''kyo(a)'''....''fixed'' ::* '''p''' as in '''per'''....''to go'', intransitive verbs of motion :::* '''aper'''....''to get on'' < '''a(b)'''....''on'' :::* '''uper'''....''to come'' < '''u(b)'''....''toward'' :::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' < '''po(p)'''....''trip'' :::* '''yaper'''....''to rise, get up'' < '''ya(b)'''....''up'' ::* '''d''' as in '''der'''....''to say'', transitive verbs of communication :::* '''gawder'''....''to repeat'' < '''gaw-'''....''re-'' :::* '''kyider'''....''to emphasize'' < '''kyi(a)'''....''heavy'' :::* '''afder'''....''to authorize'' < '''af'''....''permission'' :::* '''lofivader'''....''to disapprove'' < '''lo-'''....''dis-'' + '''fi(a)'''....''good'' + '''va'''....''yes'' ::* '''dr''' as in '''drer'''....''to write'', transitive verbs of writing :::* '''makdrer'''....''to text'' < '''mak'''....''electricity'' :::* '''Miradrer'''....''to write in Mirad'' < '''Mirad''' :::* '''monsandrer'''....''to ghostwrite'' < '''mon'''....''dark'' + '''san'''....''shape'' :::* '''ajdindrer'''....''to chronicle'' < '''aj'''....''past''....'''din'''....''story'' = ''history'' ::* '''t''' as in '''ter'''....''to know or see'', transitive verbs of mental states :::* '''teater'''....''to see'' < '''tea(b)'''....''eye'' :::* '''tayoter'''....''to feel'' < '''tayo(b)'''....''skin'' :::* '''tester'''....''to understand'' < '''tes'''....''meaning'' :::* '''nazter'''....''to value, to appreciate'' < '''naz'''....''value'' ::* '''tr''' as in '''trer'''....''to know (a person)'', transitive verbs of recognition :::* '''gawtrer'''....''to recognize'' < '''gaw-'''....''re-''' :::* '''ijtrer''''....''to get to know'' < '''ij'''....''start'' :::* '''yagtrer'''....''to experience'' < '''yag(a)'''....''long'' ::* '''ty''' as in '''tyer'''....''to know (how)'', transitive know-how verbs :::* '''daztyer'''....''to know how to dance'' < '''daz'''....''dance'' :::* '''deuztyer'''....''to know how to sing'' < '''deuz'''....''song'' :::* '''fiktyer'''....''to master'' < '''fik(a)'''....''perfect'' : A few verb stems ending in '''k''', '''z''', '''f''', '''v''', '''j''', '''l''', and '''r''' have no formants in their base dictionary form. : K-stem transitive verbs of risk: ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' ::* '''eker'''...''to play, risk'' ::* '''oker'''....''to lose'' ::* '''yaker'''....''to expect'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to try'' ::* '''yoker'''....''to be surprised'' ::* '''yiker'''....''to find it hard'' ::* '''yuker'''....''to find it easy'' : Z-stem transitive verbs of art: ::* '''dazer'''....''to dance'' ::* '''dyazer'''....''to perform ballet'' ::* '''dezer'''....''to perform'' ::* '''doldezer'''....''to pantomime'' ::* '''dizer'''....''to clown around'' ::* '''duzer'''....''to play music'' ::* '''domepduzer'''....''to busk'' ::* '''drezer'''....''to create poetry'' ::* '''dresyozer'''....''to engrave'' ::* '''druzer'''....''to compose music'' ::* '''doteuzer'''....''to vote'' ::* '''sizer'''....''to paint'' ::* '''imsizer'''....''to fresco'' ::* '''sazer'''....''to sculpt'' ::* '''syozer'''....''to engrave'' ::* '''volzer'''....''to color'' ::* '''tujeazer'''....''to dream'' : F- and V-stem modal verbs: ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' ::* '''afer'''....''to have permission'' ::* '''efer'''....''to need'' ::* '''ifer'''....''to love'' ::* '''iyfer'''....''to like'' ::* '''ofer'''....''to be prohibited'' ::* '''yafer'''....''to be able'' ::* '''yefer'''....''to have to'' ::* '''yeyfer'''....''should'' ::* '''yofer'''....''to be unable'' ::* '''yifer'''....''to dare'' ::* '''yufer'''....''to fear'' ::* '''yiver'''....''have a right to'' ::* '''yuver'''....''to be supposed to'' : L- and R-stem verbs ::* '''baler'''....''to press'' ::* '''barer'''....''to crush'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry' ::* '''boler'''....''to support'' ::* '''biler'''....''to obtain'' ::* '''birer'''....''to grab'' ::* '''buler'''....''to grant'' ::* '''burer'''....''to concede'' ::* '''daler'''...''to speak'' ::* '''deler'''....''do declare'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be silent' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' ::* '''duler'''....''to insist'' : The above verbs are transitive except '''doler'''. : The following J-stem verbs are <u>intransitive automatic zero-formant</u> verbs: : J-stem verbs intransitive verbs relating time activites: ::* '''ijer'''....''to begin'' ::* '''ujer'''....''to finish'' ::* '''yijer'''....''to open'' ::* '''yujer'''....''to close'' ::* '''tijer'''....''to be awake'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' ::* '''tajer'''....''to be born'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' : All of the above '''j''' stems are intransitive automatic verbs and cannot be passivized. : Verb stems ending in '''j''', however, can take the active transitive dynamic formant '''b''' which can then be passivized with '''w'''. Or, they can take the intransitive dynamic formant '''p''', which cannot be passivized. ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' (intransitive automatic) ::* '''tojper'''....''to drop dead'' (intransitive dynamic) ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' (transitive dynamic) ::* '''tojbwer'''....''to be killed'' (transitive passive dynamic) : There are two formants, '''l''' and '''r''' that act as intensifiers and can be applied to any stems except the L and R stems (like '''baler'''....''to press''): ::* '''l''' (intensive verbs) :::* '''fler'''....''to yearn'' ( < '''fer''' = ''to want'') :::* '''gobler'''....''to cut'' ( < '''gober''' = ''to subtract'') :::* '''ebler'''....''to obstruct'' ( < '''eber''' = ''to get in the way of'') :::* '''ibler'''....''to collect'' ( < '''iber''' = ''to receive'') :::* '''yabler'''....''to hoist'' ( < '''yaber''' = ''to raise'') :::* '''buxler'''....''to shove'' ( < '''buxer''' = ''to push'') :::* '''yujler'''....''to lock'' ( < '''yujer''' = ''to close'') ::* '''r''' (more intensive verbs) :::* '''frer'''....''to crave'' :::* '''abbaxrer'''....''to rub'' ( < '''abbaxer'''....''to caress'') :::* '''abbyuxrer'''....''to stomp on'' ( < '''abbyux'''....''to touch on, impact'') :::* '''apaxrer'''....''to scrub'' ( < '''apaxer'''....''to wipe'') :::* '''byexrer'''....''to thrash'' ( < '''byexer'''....''to hit'') :::* '''buxrer'''....''to drive'' ( < '''buxer'''....''to push'') :::* '''yujrer'''....''to slam shut'' ( < '''yujer'''....''to close'') : Here are examples of J-stems that take the intensifying formants '''l''' and '''r''', eg.: ::* '''yujer'''....''to close'' (intransitive automatic) ::* '''yujler'''....''to lock'' (intransitive automatic intensive) ::* '''yujper'''....''to come to a close'' (intransitive dynamic) ::* '''yujprer'''....''to slam shut'' (intransitive automatic very intensive) ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' (transitive dynamic) ::* '''yujbwer'''....''to be closed" (transitive passive dynamic) ::* '''yujler'''....''to lock (intransitive automatic intensive) ::* '''yujbler'''....''to lock (transitive dynamic intensive) ::* '''yujbrer'''....''to slam shut (transitive dynamic very intensive) ::* '''yujbrwer'''....''to be slammed shut (transitive dynamic very intensive passive) : Verb stems ending in '''j''', '''s''', or '''p''' are invariably intransitive and cannot be made passive. All other verb stems, except '''doler''' (''to be silent''), can be made passive with the addition of '''w'''. The passifying '''w''' is always the last formant of any stem. :: '''saxer'''....''to make'' > '''saxwer'''....''to be made'' :: '''baler'''....''to press'' > '''balwer'''....''to be pressed'' :: '''yaker'''....''to expect'' > '''yakwer'''....''to be expected'' : Stems can sometimes be altered with the following directional formants: ::* '''-i-''' (subject-oriented) ::* '''-u-''' (patient-oriented) : Examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs with i/u Formants |- ! Verb || Modification |- | rowspan=2|'''ber'''....''to put'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' |- || '''buer'''....''to give'' |- | rowspan=2|'''ter'''....''to know'' || '''tier'''....''to find out'' |- || '''tuer'''....''to inform'' |- | rowspan=2|'''trer'''....''to be familiar with'' || '''trier'''....''to become familiar with'' |- || '''truer'''....''to familiarize, introduce'' |- | rowspan=2|'''tyer'''....''to know how'' || '''tyier'''....''to master'' |- || '''tyuer'''....''to train'' |- | rowspan=2|'''taxer'''....''to remember'' || '''taxier'''....''to commit to memory'' |- || '''taxuer'''....''to remind'' |- |rowspan=2| '''per'''....''to go'' || '''pier'''....''to leave'' |- || '''puer'''....''to arrive'' |- | rowspan=2|'''xer'''....''to do'' || '''xier'''....''to result in'' |- || '''xuer'''....''to affect'' |- | rowspan=2|'''buker'''....''to hurt'' || '''bukier'''....''to sustain an injury'' |- || '''bukuer'''....''to inflict an injury'' |- | rowspan=2|'''ifer'''....''to love'' || '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' |- || '''ifuer'''....''to please'' |- | rowspan=2|'''der'''....''to say'' || '''dier'''....''to ask'' |- || '''duer'''....''to suggest'' |- | rowspan=2|'''til'''....''a drink'' || '''tilier'''....''to take a drink'' |- || '''tiluer'''....''to pour a drink'' |- | rowspan=2|'''tel'''....''food'' || '''telier'''....''to eat'' |- || '''teluer'''....''to feed'' |- | rowspan=2|'''abbaun'''....''cover'' || '''abbaunier'''....''to take cover'' |- || '''abbaunuer'''....''to provide cover'' |- | rowspan=2|'''abfin'''....''advantage'' || '''abfinier'''....''to take advantage of'' |- || '''abfinuer'''....''to favor'' |} : The following table shows how stems can be intensified in meaning with '''-l-''' and '''-r-''': ::* '''-l-''' (intense) ::* '''-r-''' (more intense) : Examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs with Modified Formants |- ! Verb || Modification |- ! Normal !! Intense !! More Intense |- | '''baxer'''....''to stir'' || '''baxler'''....''to rustle'' || '''baxrer'''....''to shake'' |- | '''yaber'''....''to raise'' (trans.) || '''yabler'''....''to elevate'' || '''yaprer'''....''to hoist'' |- | '''yaper'''....''to ascend'' (intrans.)|| '''yapler'''....''to climb''|| '''yaprer'''....''to scramble up'' |- | '''apaxer'''....''to wipe'' || '''apaxler'''....''to sweep'' || '''apaxrer'''....''to scrub'' |- | '''byexer'''....''to strike'' ||'''byexler'''....''to trounce'' || '''byexrer'''....''to thrash'' |} : The intransitive zero-formant verbs whose stem ends in '''-k''' can take formants as well: ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' (transitive) ::* '''akler'''....''to vanquish, beat'' (transitive intense) ::* '''akrer'''....''to triumph'' (transitive more intense) ::* '''biker'''....''to care about'' (transitive) ::* '''bikier'''....''to take care'' (transitive subject-oriented) ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' (transitive patient-oriented) ::* '''bikuwer'''....''to be cared for'' (transitive patient-oriented passive) ::* '''yeker'''....''to try'' (transitive) ::* '''yekler'''....''to strive'' (transitive intensive) ::* '''yekrer'''....''to struggle'' (transitive more intensive) ::* '''yekier'''....''to undertake'' (transitive subject-oriented) ::* '''yekuer'''....''to challenge'' (transitive patient-oriented) ::* '''yekuwer'''....''to be challenged'' (transitive patient-oriented passive) ::* '''bakser'''....''to get healthy, heal'' (intransitve) ::* '''bakxer'''....''to make healthy, heal'' (transitive) ::* '''bakxwer'''....''to be healed'' (transitive passive) : The zero-formant verb stems in '''-f-''' and '''-v-''' are modal verbs and these can take a combination of additional formants, eg.: :* '''ifer'''....''to love'' ::* '''ifler'''....''to have affection for'' ::* '''ifrer'''....''to adore'' ::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy, to take pleasure in'' ::* '''ifuer'''....''to please, to give pleasure to'' :::* '''ifluer'''....''to delight'' :::* '''ifruer'''....''to ravish'' :::* '''ifruwer'''....''to be ravished'' ::* '''ifxer'''....''to gratify, to divert'' ::* '''ifser'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''ifwer'''....''to be loved'' ::* '''ifrwer'''....''to be adored'' :* '''fer'''....''to want'' ::* '''fler'''....''to yearn for'' ::* '''frer'''....''to crave'' ::* '''fruer'''....''fill with a craving for'' :* '''yufer'''....''to fear'' ::* '''yufler'''....''to dread'' ::* '''yufrer'''....''to tremble in fear of'' ::* '''yufruer'''....''to frighten'' ::* '''yufruwer'''....''to be frightened'' ::* '''yufxer'''....''to scare'' ::* '''yufxwer'''....''to be scared'' :* '''yiver'''....''to have the right to'' ::* '''yivser'''....''to become free'' ::* '''yivxer'''....''to free, to liberate'' ::* '''yivxwer'''....''to be freed'' :* '''yafer'''....''to be able'' ::* '''yafxer'''....''to enable'' ::* '''yafxwer'''....''to be enabled'' ::* '''yafuer'''....''to empower'' ::* '''yafluer'''....''to coerce'' ::* '''yafier'''....''to take power'' ::* '''yaflier'''....''to grab power'' ::* '''ofer'''....''to lack permission to'' ::* '''ofxer'''....''to prohibit'' ::* '''ofxwer'''....''to be prohibited'' : Again, the '''w''' passive formant is always the last in a sequence of formants: ::* '''ifruwer'''....''to be ravished'' ::* '''efxwer'''....''to be necessitated'' == Verb Categories == : Verbs have '''''morphological categories''''', which involve changes to the verb not always found in the dictionary, but developed through rule-bound affixation (such as ''live'', ''lives'', ''lived'', ''living''). They also have '''''lexical categories''''', which involve derived forms usually listed in dictionaries (''enjoy'', ''enjoyable'', ''enjoyment'') === Morphological Categories === : Verbs are inflected with the following '''''morphological categories''''': ::* '''''2 states''''': finite, non-finite ::* '''''4 tenses''''': present, past, future, atemporal¹ ::* '''''5 aspects''''': simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential ::* '''''2 voices''''': active, passive ::* '''''2 moods''''': indicative, hypothetical :<small>'''''Note 1:''''' The term "atemporal" means that tense is not marked. For example, in Mirad, '''Pu!''' is the imperative of the verb '''per'''....''to go''. It means ''Go!'' and is atemporal. The '''-u''' ending is an atemporal hypothetical mood marker.</small> : In effect, the PERSON/NUMBER category is not listed above, because this category does not affect the morphology of the Mirad verb form itself. The Mirad verb form stays the same for all persons and numbers. That information is contained in the external subject pronouns governing the verb. In English, for example, the verb "be" has several different forms in the present tense verb form depending on the person and number (I <u>am</u>, you <u>are</u>, he <u>is</u>, we <u>are</u>, etc.), but not so in Mirad. The following chart shows how the English pattern differs from the corresponding single Mirad verb form '''se''' for all persons and numbers: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller" |+ Verb '''ser''' (''to be'') Unchanged for person/number |- ! Person !! Number !! English !! Mirad |- !row=1| 1st !! row=1 rowspan=3| Singular | ''I <u>am</u>'' || '''at <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 2nd | ''you <u>are</u>'' || '''et <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 3rd | ''he/she <u>is</u>'' || '''it <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 1st !! row=1 rowspan=3| Plural | ''we <u>are</u>'' || '''yat <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 2nd | ''you (pl.) <u>are</u>'' || '''yet <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 3rd | ''they <u>are</u>'' || '''yit <u>se</u>''' |} : This invariability of person/number exists for all tenses. === Lexical Categories === :: In addition, verbs can be described in terms of the following opposing '''''lexical''''' categories. By lexical, is meant that verbs having different lexical properties are listed in the dictionary and have nothing to do with conjugation. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Verb Lexical Categories |- ! Stative !! Dynamic |- | '''ser'''....''to be'' || '''xer'''....''to do'' |- ! Intransitive !! Transitive |- | '''agaser'''....''to grow large'' || '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' |- ! Subject-directed !! Patient-directed |- | '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''buer'''....''to give'' |- ! Reflexive !! Non-reflexive |- | '''utvyixer'''....''to wash up (wash oneself)'' || '''vyixer'''....''to wash'' |- ! Inchoative !! Causative |- | '''tujper'''....''fall asleep'' || '''tujber'''....''put to sleep'' |- ! Autonomous !! Dynamic |- | '''yijer'''....''to open (by itself)'' || '''yijber'''....''to (make it) open'' |- ! Reciprocal !! Non-reciprocal |- | '''hyuittujber'''....''to kill one another'' || '''tujber'''....''to kill'' |- ! Gestural !! Locomotive |- | '''baser'''....''to stir, budge'' || '''paser'''....''to move'' |- ! Subject-oriented !! Object-oriented |- | '''teetyiker'''....''to be hard of hearing'' || '''teetyikwer'''....''to be hard to hear'' |} == Non-finite Forms == : '''''Non-finite verb forms''''' are ::* not conjugated for person or number ::* cannot form a predicate ::* and do not have a subject. : There are three kinds of non-finite verb forms in Mirad: ::* '''''infinitives''''': the dictionary lookup form of a verb, ending in '''-er''' :::* '''der'''....''to say'', '''tixayer'''....''to have studied'', '''xwer'''....''to be done'' ::* '''''gerunds''''': verbal nouns, ending in '''-en''' :::* '''byasen'''....''(the act of) standing'' ::* '''''participles''''': verbal adjectives, ending in '''-a''' :::* '''tejea'''....''living (alive)'', '''twa'''....''known'', '''piya'''....''departed'' === Infinitives === : Verbs are listed in the dictionary under the '''''active voice simple aspect infinitive''''' form, which always ends in '''er''' and means ''to X'', or rarely the passive voice simple aspect infinitive form, which ends in '''wer''' and means ''to be Xed''. The part of the verb form minus the '''-er''' or '''-wer''' is the '''''verb stem'''''. Very rarely at verb can be expressed as a past active or past passive infinitive in '''ayer''' and '''awer''', respectively. (For example: '''Tejayer boy ifawer naze glo.'''....''To have lived without having loved counts little.''). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em" |+ Infinitive Stems |- ! Infinitivw || Stem !! Ending |- | '''agser'''....''to grow'' || '''ags-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''igxer'''....''to quicken'' || '''igx-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''per'''....''to go'' || '''p-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''xwer'''....''to happen, be done'' || '''x-''' || '''-wer''' |- | '''tejayer'''....''to have lived'' || '''tej-''' || '''-ayer''' |- | '''ifawer'''....''to have loved'' || '''if-''' || '''-awer''' |} : The infinitive in Mirad is used very much as its counterpart in English. The infinitive can be marked for two aspects (simple, perfect) and two voices (active, passive), as shown in the chart below, where the verb stems are underlined: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Active and Passive Infinitive Stems |- ! Aspect !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Simple | '''<u>igx</u>er'''....''to quicken'' || '''<u>igx</u>wer'''....''to be quickened'' |- !row=1| Perfect | '''<u>igx</u>ayer'''....''to have quickened'' || '''<u>igx</u>awer'''....''to have been quickened'' |} : In the above chart, ::* the verb stem is '''igx-''' and ::* the infinitive marker is '''-er'''; ::* the simple aspect active voice marker is zero; ::* the simple aspect passive voice marker is '''w'''; ::* the perfect aspect active voice marker is '''-ay-'''; ::* the past aspect passive voice marker is '''-aw-'''. The passive voice infinitive of a verb will not appear in the dictionary unless it has a special meaning, such as '''xwer''' ''to happen (= to be done)''. The perfect infinitives are never listed in the dictionary. === Gerunds === : The gerund is a verbal noun like English ''playing'' in ''playing ball.'' : The gerund has two possible '''''aspects''''' (simple and perfect) and two possible '''''voices''''' (active and passive): {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em; " |+ Gerund Formation |- ! Aspect !! Voice !! Ending !! Example |- !row=1| Simple !! Active | '''-en''' || '''agax<u>en</u>'''....''magnifiying, magnification'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Passive | '''-wen''' || '''agax<u>wen</u>'''....''being magnified'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Active | '''-ayen''' || '''byek<u>ayen</u>'''....''having cured'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Passive | '''-awen''' || '''byek<u>awen</u>'''....''having been cured'' |} : Note: Intransitive verbs like '''per''' ''to go'' do not have a passive gerund form. : Lexicalized gerunds, such as '''sanxen''' ''formation, forming'' generally appear in the dictionary in the active voice. : Some examples of gerund usage: ::* ('''sanxer'''....''to form'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ha <u>sanxen</u> bi hia mar efxa amroni bi jabi.'''....''The <u>forming</u> (or: <u>formation</u>) of this star took millions of years.'' ::* ('''deuzer'''....''to sing'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Iyta <u>deuzen</u> sa gla via.'''....''Her <u>singing</u> was very beautiful.'' ::* ('''poper'''....''to travel'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Popen</u> se yika yex.'''....''<u>Traveling</u> is hard work.'' ::* ('''teeter'''....''to hear'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Teetwen</u> fiay se teskyia av dezuti.'''....''<u>Being heard</u> well is important for actors.'' ::* ('''teater'''....''to see'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Teaten</u> se <u>vyatexen</u>.'''.....''<u>Seeing</u> is <u>believing</u>.'' ::* ('''uper'''....''to come'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''His se ha jeb bi <u>Upen</u>.'''....''This is the season of <u>Advent</u> (coming).'' ::* ('''tadier'''....''to get married'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ata <u>tadiayen</u> ewa jodi bixa tepzex.'''....''My <u>having married</u> twice drew attention.'' ::* ('''aker'''....''to win'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''At voy ta ita <u>akawen</u> hua nuz.'''....''I did not know about his <u>having won</u> that prize.'' : Gerunds, being verb forms, can take direct and indirect objects: ::* '''At ifxwe bey eta buayen at hua nas.'''....''I am pleased by your having given me that money.'' ::* '''Tojben eut voy se kexbiyaf.'''....''Killing yourself is not an option.'' : The special gerundive ending '''-eyn''' gives a nuance emphasizing the action as a single act, much like the English endings ''-ment'' or ''-tion''. Here are a few examples showing the difference between '''-en''' and '''-eyn'''. ::* '''yanlaxen'''....''combining''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yanlaxeyn'''....''combination'' ::* '''xen'''....''doing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''xeyn'''....''action, deed'' ::* '''zayben'''....''advancing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zaybeyn'''....''advancement'' : Another special gerundive (but lexical) ending is '''-un''', which expresses the result of an action, eg.: ::* '''zyegxer'''....''to puncture''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zyegxun'''....''a puncture'' ::* '''zyeuber'''....''to transmit''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zyeubun'''....''a broadcast'' ::* '''deuzer'''....''to sing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''deuzun'''....''a song'' === Participles === : Participles are verbal adjectives and can modify nouns and pronouns. Since they act as adjectives, they have the adjectival ending '''-a'''. Participles are marked by '''''aspect''''' (simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential) and '''''voice''''' (active, passive). : The aspect markers per voice are: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Aspect Markers |- ! Aspect !! Voice !! Form !! Example |- ! rowspan=2| Progressive ! rowspan=1 | Active | '''-ea-''' || '''tejea'''....''living'' |- ! rowsspan=1 | Passive | '''wea''' || '''xwea'''....''happening, being done'' |- ! rowspan=2| Perfect ! rowspan=1 |Active | '''-ya''' || '''pya'''....''gone'' (< '''pyaa'''¹) |- ! rowspan=1| Passive | '''-wa''' || '''xwa'''....''done'' (< '''xwaa'''¹) |- ! rowspan=2| Imminent ! Active | '''-oa''' || '''tojoa'''....''about to die'' |- ! rowspan=1 | Passive | '''-woa''' || '''dodelwoa'''....''about to be announced'' |- ! rowspan=2| Potential ! Active | '''-ua''' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' |- ! rowspan=1| Passive | '''-wua''' || '''opoxwua'''....''unstoppable'' |} : <small>¹: The double '''aa''' in the perfect endings is reduced to '''a'''.</small> : '''''Note 1:''''' The perfect active particple ending in '''-ya''' is used only for intransitive verbs like '''per''' (''to go''). '''He is <u>gone</u>.''' is expressed by '''Wit se <u>pya</u>'''. : '''''Note 2:''''' The potential aspect, represented by the vowel '''u''' is much like the conditional in English, but is not considered a tense in Mirad. For example, '''tojbu''' means ''would kill'' and the participle '''tojbua''' means ''lethal'' (referring to something that ''would/has the potential to kill''). More about this in a later section. : '''''Note 3:''''' There is another form of the progressive participle that falls in the lexical, rather than morphological category, in that such forms are listed in the dictionary as adjectives. For example, in the phrase ''The animals <u>bothering</u> our bird feeder...'', the participle ''bothering'' would be '''oboxea''' in Mirad. By inserting the letter '''y''' between the verb stem and the participial ending, the participle becomes an adjective denoting a propensity or habit, as in ''bothersome'' ('''obox<u>y</u>ea'''). Such participles are invariably in the active voice. Most such adjectives in English end in ''-ive'' as in ''repulsive'' or ''-ly'' as in ''wiggly'' or ''-ous'' as in ''circuitous.'' Such adjectives in Mirad are listed in the dictionary and end in '''-yea'''. : Adverbial participles can be made from the above adjectival participles, by suffixing the letter '''y'''. Examples: ::* '''Iyt yepa ha tim <u>deuzeay</u>.'''....''She entered the room <u>singing</u>.'' ::* '''<u>Ujbaway</u> ha dodal, it pia.'''....''The speech <u>having been finished</u>, he left.'' : Also, the above participles can be converted into abstract nouns by suffixing '''n'''. Examples: ::* '''tiluwa'''....''drinkable'' <big>→</big> '''tiluwan'''....''potability'' ::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' <big>→</big> '''tojbuan'''....''lethality'' ::* '''mansea'''....''shining'' <big>→</big> '''he <u>mansean</u> bi iyta deuzen'''....''the <u>brilliance</u> of her singing'' ::* '''aakaxyea'''....''inventive'' <big>→</big> '''aakaxyean'''....''inventiveness'' : Furthermore, these participles can sometimes be pronominalized with '''s''' for things and '''t''' for people or living things. These forms can, in turn, be pluralized: ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' <big>→</big> '''xwas'''....''what is done, a happening'' ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' <big>→</big> '''xwasi'''....''happenings, deeds'' ::* '''otwa'''....''unknown'' <big>→</big> '''otwas'''....''what is not known, a mystery'' ::* '''osexea'''....''destroying'' <big>→</big> '''osexeas'''....''a destroyer'' ::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' <big>→</big> '''tojbuas'''....''something lethal, a lethal thing'' ::* '''tojboa'''....''moribund'' <big>→</big> '''tojboati'''....''people about to die, fatal cases'' ::* '''tejea'''....''living'' <big>→</big> '''tejeat'''....''a living person'' ::* '''tejea'''....''living'' <big>→</big> '''tejeasi'''....''living things'' : There is a special tenseless, nominalized, animate participle used for '''''agent''''' nouns (English ''one who does something, Xer'', ''Xant'', ''Xist''), which refers to a person who habitually does some action, perhaps as a profession or trade. These agent nouns end in '''-ut'''. ::* '''sexut'''....''builder'' ::* '''nuut'''....''supplier'' ::* '''tojbut'''....''killer'' ::* '''ifut'''....''lover'' ::* '''akuti'''....''winners'' : Note: There is a slight difference of meaning between the tensed participial pronoun '''ha akeat'''....''the one winning'' and the non-tensed agent noun '''ha akut'''....''the winner''. : Similarly, there is a special tenseless, nominalized, <u>in</u>animate participle used for a thing that performs the action denoted by the verb stem. These agent nouns end in '''-us'''. ::* '''yuxus'''....''aid (a thing that helps)'' ::* '''byuxwus'''....''button (a thing that gets touched on the keyboard)'' ::* '''paxus'''....''motive (a thing that moves one)'' ::* '''jaupus'''....''precedent (a thing that comes before)'' : The above '''-us''' ending contrasts with the endings '''-ar''' (''instrument''), '''-ir''' (''machine''), '''-ur''' (''motor, engine''), which are physical objects and not always suffixed to a verbal root. == Finite Forms == [[File:Auxiliary verbs tree 3.png|thumb|]] : In Mirad, finite verb forms are those that can take a person subject, serve as a predicate, and be conjugated. Finite verb forms are conjugated by using suffixes indicating, through their presence or absence, the following categories: <div style="background: lightyellow;{{text default color}};"> ::* TENSES :::# '''''present''''' :::# '''''past''''' :::# '''''future''''' :::# '''''atemporal''''' ::* MOODS :::# '''''indicative''''' :::# '''''hypothetical''''' ::* ASPECTS :::# '''''simple''''' :::# '''''progressive''''' :::# '''''perfect''''' :::# '''''imminent''''' :::# '''''potential''''' ::* VOICES :::# '''''active''''' :::# '''''passive''''' :::# '''''reflexive''''' :::# '''''reciprocal''''' </div> : Person and number are not marked on the verb form itself. For example, ''am'', ''is'', ''are'', which change according to the person subject in English, are all expressed with the same verb form in Mirad: '''se'''. Thus, '''at se'''....''I am'', '''et se'''....''you are'', '''it se'''....''he/she/it is'', etc. === Moods === : There are two moods in Mirad: ::* '''''indicative''''' ::* '''''hypothetical'''''. ===== Indicative Mood ===== : The '''''indicative''''' form of the verb indicates an action or state that occurs in actual time, such as ''he went'', ''he is going'', ''he will go.'' : The indicative mood has three tenses, '''''present''''', '''''past''''', '''''future''''', indicated by the suffixes '''-e''', '''-a''', and '''-o''', respectively. ===== Hypothetical Mood ===== : Wheras the indicative verb forms expresses actuality in time, the '''''hypothetical mood''''' expresses one of the non-actuality situations below and uses the vowel '''u'''. ::* a command , i.e. the '''''imperative''''' (''Go!'') ::* a wish or suggestion, i.e. the '''''hortative''''' or '''''jussive''''' (''May the king live long!'', ''Let's celebrate!'') ::* an unrealized situation, i.e. the '''''subjunctive''''' (''It is important that you <u>be</u> early.'') ::* an imagined if-then-situation, i.e. the '''''conditional''''' (''If I <u>were</u> rich, I <u>would be</u> happy.'') === Aspects === : There are five aspects in the Mirad verb system. <div style="background: lightyellow;{{text default color}};"> ::* the '''''simple''''' aspect (default), i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional. ::* the '''''progressive''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state on-going in the particular tense, using '''ey''' ::* the '''''perfective''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state anterior or already completed, using '''ay''' ::* the '''''imminent''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state about to happen, using '''oy''' ::* the '''''potential''''' aspect, i.e. an action potentially happening, using '''uy''' </div> ===== The Simple Aspect ===== :: Unless specifically marked, the default aspect is '''''simple''''', i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional. Three indicative tenses can be expressed in the simple aspect: ::* Present with '''e''' ::* Past with '''a''' ::* Future with '''o'''. :: An atemporal verb ending in '''u''' in the simple aspect is considered hypothetical and expresses three things, depending on how it is used in the sentence: ::* a conditional like ''I would go (if...)'' ::* an imperative like ''Go!'' ::* a hortative like ''Let's go!'' ::* a subjunctive like ''(It is important that) we go.'' :: Here is a chart showing the simple, active voice instantiations of the Mirad verb '''per''' (''to go'') with the endings underlined: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em;" |+ Simple Active Conjugation of '''Per''' |- ! Mood !! Tense !! Aspect !! Voice !! Instantiation !! Verb '''per''' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Present !! Simple !! Active !! | '''At p<u>e</u>'''....''I go'' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Past !! Simple !! Active !! | '''At p<u>a</u>'''....''I went'' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Future !! Simple !! Active !! |'''At p<u>o</u>'''....''I will go'' |- !row=1 rowspan=4 | Hypothetical !rowspan=4| Atemporal !rowspan=4| Simple !rowspan=4| Active ! Conditional |'''At p<u>u</u>'''....''I would go'' |- ! Hortative/Optative/Jussive |'''Van yat p<u>u</u>!'''....''Let's go!'' |- ! Imperative |'''P<u>u</u> tam!'''....''Go home!'' |- ! Subjunctive |'''Se efwa van et p<u>u</u>.'''....''It is necessary that you go.'' |} : Note that the last four instantiations are the same tense, but differ in syntax. For example, if the verb form is hypothetical, atemporal, simple, active and has no subject, it operates as an imperative. ==== The Simple Indicative Present Active Tense ==== :: The simple indicative present instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''e''' and has a non-progressive ('''''habitual''''') aspect as in English ''I work'' or ''I live''. Progressive aspect forms like ''I am studying'' are explained later. :: Examples: :::* '''At <u>yexe</u> be tam.''' ....''I <u>work</u> at home''. :::* '''Hia tom <u>se</u> nam.''' ....''This building <u>is</u> a store.'' :::* '''Ha amur <u>yuzpe</u> ha imer.'''....''The moon <u>goes around</u> the earth.'' ==== The Simple Indicative Past Active Tense ==== : The simple indicative past tense instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''a''' and has a non-progressive (punctual) meaning as in English ''I did something at some particular point in time''. The simple past contrasts in aspect with the past progressive (''I was doing something'') or the present perfect (''I have done something''), or past potential (''I would have done something''). The simple past is punctual, that is, it describes an event that occurred at a particular point in time. : Examples: ::* '''Iyt <u>iba</u> ha nyuf zojub.''' ....''She <u>received</u> the package yesterday.'' ::* '''At <u>ujba</u> ha dyes ji iwa jwobi.''' ....''I <u>finished</u> the book three hours ago.'' ::* '''His <u>kyesa</u> exag hijub.'''....''This <u>happened</u> twice today.'' ==== The Simple Indicative Future Active Tense ==== : The simple indicative future tense is marked with the vowel suffix '''o''' and has the same meaning as in English ''I will do something at some particular point in the future''. : Examples: ::* '''Yit <u>tadso</u> zajab.'''....''They <u>are going to get married</u> next year.'' ::* '''Hua kaxon <u>ujako</u>.''' ....''That solution <u>will work</u>.'' ::* '''At <u>so</u> him hoj et <u>upo</u>.'''....''I <u>will be</u> here when you <u>(will) come.</u>¹'' :: Note 1: Unlike in English, Mirad does not use the present tense for a real future. There is also no sequence of tenses in Mirad (such as, ''He said he was coming.''. In Mirad, this would be expressed as ''He said he <u>will</u> come.''). ==== The Simple Hypothetical Atemporal Active Tense ==== : A verb form ending in '''u''' like '''pu''' has no time value and is used to express unreal actions or states, such as the '''''imperative''''', '''''hortative''''', '''''conditional''''', or '''''subjunctive'''''. : Examples: ::* '''<u>Upu</u> him!'''....''<u>Come</u> here!'' ('''''imperative''''') ::* '''<u>Von upu</u>!''' ....''<u>Don't come</u>!'' ('''''negative imperative''''') ::* '''Ha edeb <u>fu</u> teater et.''' ....''The king <u>would like</u> to see you.'' ('''''conditional''''') ::* '''Ven at <u>su</u> et, at <u>dolu</u>.''' ....''If I <u>were</u> you, I <u>would be</u> quiet.'' ('''''conditional''''') ::* '''Van yeyt <u>ujaku</u> be yeyta yexneadi.''' ....''May all you (women) <u>succeed</u> in your careers.'' ('''''hortative''''') ::* '''Van yat <u>ijbu</u> bay fyadil.''' ....''Let's <u>begin</u> with a prayer.'' ('''''jussive''''') ::* '''Se kyitesa <u>van et puu</u> jwa.''' ....''It's important <u>that you arrive</u> early.'' ('''''subjunctive''''') ::* '''Se kyitesa <u>von et puu</u> jwo.'''....''It's important <u>that you not arrive</u> late.'' ('''''negative subjunctive''''') : Hypothetical verb forms ending in '''-u''' can be interpreted in various ways, depending on the following syntactical patterns in the sentence: ::* Generally, if a verb form ending in '''-u''' begins a sentence and has no subject, then it is an IMPERATIVE (a command). For example, '''Ipu!''', ''Go away!''. ::* If the verb form has a subject not preceded by the complementizers '''van''', '''ven''', or '''von''', then it is probably a conditional predicate like '''At fu per.'''....''I <u>would like</u> to go.''. ::* If the subject of the verb is preceded by '''ven'''....''if'', then it is a conditional clause as in '''Ven at <u>su</u> nasikat...'''....''If I <u>were</u> a rich man.''. ::* If the subject is preceded by '''Van'''....''that/let/may'' or '''von'''....''don't'', then it is a hortative wish like '''Van et yagteju.'''....''May you live long.'' or a jussive suggestion like '''Van yat fyadilu.'''....''Let us pray.'' or a prohibition like '''Von tiliu his!'''....''Don't drink this!''. === Voices === : Mirad has four voices: ::* Active ::* Passive ::* Reflexive ::* Reciprocal. ==== Active Voice ==== : The default voice is active, i.e. the subject of the verb is doing the action. ::* '''At teata ha kyes.'''....''I saw the event.'' ==== Passive Voice ==== : A verb form is converted from active to passive by inserting a '''w''' just after the stem of the verb form. The past passive particle ending '''-waa''' is usually abbreviated to '''-wa''' (''done'' is '''xwa'''). : The following chart shows the distinction between active and passive voice of various verbs: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:4.8em" |+ Contrasting Active and Passive Voice ! Verb Form !! Active !! Active<br>Example !! Passive !! Passive<br>Example |- !row=1| Infinitive | '''xer'''<br>''to do'' || '''At fe xer fi.'''<br>''I want to do well.'' || '''xwer'''<br>''to be done'' || '''Ese hyos xwer.'''<br>''There is nothing to be done.'' |- !row=1| Present Participle | '''sexea'''<br>''constructing'' || '''Ha nunxob sexea hia tom...'''<br>''The firm constructing this building...''|| '''sexewa'''<br>''being constructed'' || '''His se sexewa.'''<br>''This is under construction.'' |- !row=1| Present | '''xe'''<br>''do/does'' ||'''At xe fi be tixam.'''<br>''I do well in school.'' || '''xwe'''<br>''is done'' || '''Huyenasi hoj xwe.'''<br>''Such things are never done.'' |- !row=1| Past Participle | '''xaa'''<br>''having done'' || '''Iyt, xaa hya iyta yex,...'''<br>''She, having done all her work,...'' ||'''xwa'''<br>''done'' || '''Hyas se xwa.'''<br>''Everything is done.'' |- !row=1| Past | '''tojba'''<br>''killed'' || '''Duhot tojba hwut?'''<br>''Who killed that guy?'' || '''tojbwa'''<br>''was killed'' || '''Duhoj wit tojbwa?'''<br>''When was he killed?'' |- !row=1| Hypothetical | '''bakxu'''<br>''heal'' || '''Bakxu at!'''<br>''Heal me!'' || '''bakxwu'''<br>''be healed'' || '''Van iyt bakxwu.'''<br>''May she be healed.'' |} : Intransitive verbs cannot be made passive. For example, '''tajer'''....''to be born'' is intransitive (takes no object) and has no passive voice form. However, the transitive verb '''tajber'''....''to bear, give birth'' can be passive, as in '''Ha tudet <u>tajbwa</u> zajub.'''....''The child <u>was delivered</u> yesterday'' (as opposed to '''Ha tudet <u>taja</u> zajub.'''....''The child <u>was born</u> yesterday.)'' Notice how this works with '''yijer''' (''to open''): ::* '''Ha mes yija.'''....''The door opened (by itself).'' (medio-passive) ::* '''Ha mes yijpa.'''....''The door came open.'' (dynamic medio-passive) ::* '''Yijbu ha mes.'''....''Open the door.'' (transitive active) ::* '''Ha mes yijbwa.'''....''The door was opened (by someone).'' (passive) : Impassive verbs form their past particple with the ending '''ya''', but these forms are somewhat rare. Here are some examples: ::* '''per'''....''to go'' -> '''pya'''....''gone'' ::* '''tajer'''....''to be born'' -> '''tajya'''....''born'' (ex.'''Jesus tajya bi Marya.''''....''Jesus, born of Mary'') ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' -> '''tojya'''....''dead'' ::* '''loteaser'''....''to disappear'' -> '''loteasya'''....''disappeared'' (ex. '''Ha loteasya tobi be Arogem.'''....''the disappeared persons in Argentina.'') ==== Reflexive Voice ==== : A verb is made reflexive by prefixing the reflexive pronoun '''ut''' (''self''), for example: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' <big>→</big> '''uttojber'''....''to kill oneself'' ::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' <big>→</big> '''utvyilxer'''....''to wash up'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' <big>→</big> '''utteater'''....''to see oneself'' ::* '''yabler'''....''to lift'' <big>→</big> '''utyabler'''....''to lift oneself'' → '''Utyablu!'''....''Lift yourself up!'' ::* '''trer'''....''to know'' <big>→</big> '''uttrer'''....''to know oneself'' → '''Uttru!'''....''Know thyself!'' ==== Reciprocal Voice ==== : A verb is made reciprocal by prefixing the reciprocal pronoun '''hyuit'''....''one another'', for example: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' <big>→</big> '''hyuittojber'''....''to kill one another'' ::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' <big>→</big> '''hyuitvyilxer'''....''to wash one another'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' <big>→</big> '''hyuitteater'''....''to see one another'' : Both the reflexive pronoun and reciprocal pronoun can be used as standalone objects. However, the plural form '''yut''' is used if the subject is plural, for example: ::* '''Yit vyilxa <u>yut</u>.'''....''They (f.) washed up. (= washed <u>selves</u>).'' ::* '''Ha twobeti dizeuda <u>hyuit</u>.'''....''The boys laughed at <u>one another</u>.'' : The word '''hyuit''' is a hybrid of '''hyit'''....''the same one'' combined with '''hyut'''....''the other one''. ==== Aspects Revisited ==== : Mirad verbs have the following aspects: ::* '''''Simple''''' -- this is the default aspect, shown above, i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-potential. ::* '''''Progressive''''' -- this is an aspect where the verb describes an on-going action or state spread over time. ::* '''''Perfect''''' -- this presents the action or state as anterior, or completed prior to another action or state. ::* '''''Immininent''''' -- this describes an action or state ''about to happen.'' ::* '''''Potential''''' -- this refers to an action or state where something is ''possible''. ==== The Simple Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Simple aspect. In the active voice, the tense vowels '''a''', '''e''', '''o''', and '''u''' are affixed to the stem. In the passive voice, the passive marker consonant '''w''' is inserted between the stem and the final tense vowels. The simple present tense refers to actions or states that are habitual (''I regularly go to school.''), regular (''The earth revolves around the sun.''), or permanent (''Blue is a color.''). The simple past refers to actions or states that occurred at a fixed point in time (''I did my homework last night.''). The simple future refers to actions or states that will occur at some particular point in the future (''The sun will rise tomorrow at dawn.''). The simple atemporal hypothetical ( = conditional) refers to an imagined action or state that has not be realized (''You would make a good president.''). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Simple Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Simple !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>e</u>'''....''I do'' || '''Has x<u>we</u>'''....''It is done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>a</u>'''....''I did'' || '''Has x<u>wa</u>'''....''It was done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Future !! Indicative | '''At x<u>o</u>'''....''I will do'' || '''Has x<u>wo</u>'''....''It will be done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''At x<u>u</u>'''....''I would do''¹ || '''Has x<u>wu</u>'''....''It would be done'' |} : 1: Absence of tense (Atemporal) + Hypothetical mood = '''''conditional'''''. ==== The Progressive Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Progressive aspect. The present tense vowel '''e''' followed by a buffer consonant, are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller; " |+ Progressive Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Progressive !! Present !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eye</u>'''....''I am doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewe</u>'''....''it is being done'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Past !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eya</u>'''....''I was doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewa</u>'''....''it was being done'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Future !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eyo</u>'''....''I am going to be doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewo</u>'''....''it will be happening'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''at x<u>eyu</u>'''....''I would be doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewu</u>'''....''it would be happening'' |} ==== The Perfect Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Perfect aspect. The past tense vowel '''a''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Perfect Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Perfect !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>aye</u>'''....''I have done'' || '''Has x<u>awe</u>'''....''It has been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>aya</u>'''....''I had done'' || '''Has x<u>awa</u>'''....''It had been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Future !! Indicative |'''At x<u>ayo</u>'''....''I will have done'' || '''Has x<u>awo</u>'''....''It will have been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''At x<u>ayu</u>'''....''I would have done'' || '''Has x<u>awu</u>'''....''It would have been done'' |} ==== The Imminent Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Imminent aspect (sometimes referred to as the Prospective aspect). The future tense vowel '''o''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. Not that only indicative mood imminent tenses are ever used. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Imminent Aspect |- ! Aspect || Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Imminent !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>oye</u>'''....''I am about to do'' || '''Has x<u>owe</u>'''....''It is about to be done'' |- !row=1| Imminent !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>oya</u>'''....''I was about to do'' || '''Has x<u>owa</u>'''....''It was about to be done'' |} ==== The Potential Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Potential aspect. The hypothetical vowel '''u''' followed by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. The future potential and hypothetical potential aspects are never used. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Potential Aspect |- ! ASPECT !! TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE |- !row=1| Potential !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>uye</u>'''....''I am to do'' || '''Has x<u>uwe</u>'''....''It is to be done, it is doable'' |- !row=1| Potential !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>uya</u>'''....''I was to do'' || '''Has x<u>uwa</u>'''....''It was to be done, it was doable'' |} == Verb Conjugation Chart == : The following chart presents the totality of the Mirad affirmative verb conjugation system using the verb '''xer'''....''to do'' and its passive '''xwer'''....''to be done, happen''. The rows beginning with a light blue background are finite forms, while those beginning with light green are non-finite forms. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Conjugation Chart |- valign=top !rowspan=2| State !!rowspan=2| Mood !!rowspan=2| Aspect !!rowspan=2| Tense !! colspan=4|Voice |- ! Active!!Passive |- ! rowspan=16 style="background: lightblue;{{text default color}};"|Finite !!rowspan=3| Indicative !!rowspan=4| Simple !! Present | '''xe''' <br>''does''||'''xwe'''<br>''is done, happens'' |- ! Past | '''xa''' <br>''did''||'''xwa'''<br>''was done, happened'' |- ! Future | '''xo''' <br>''will do''||'''xwo'''<br>''will be done, will happen'' |- ! Hypothetical|| | '''xu''' <br>''would do, do!''||'''xwu'''<br>''would be done, would happen, be done!'' |- !rowspan=3| Indicative !!rowspan=4| Progressive !! Present | '''xeye'''<br>''is doing''||'''xewe'''<br>''is being done, is happening'' |- ! Past | '''xeya''' <br>''was doing''||'''xewa'''<br>''was doing, was happening'' |- ! Future | '''xeyo'''<br>''will be doing''||'''xewo'''<br>''will be happening'' |- ! Hypothetical|| | '''xeyu''' <br>''would be doing''<br>''be doing!''||'''xewu'''<br>''would be happening'' |- !rowspan=3|Indicative !! rowspan=4| Perfect !! Present | '''xaye''' <br>''has done''||'''xawe''' <br>''has been done, has happened'' |- ! Past | '''xaya''' <br>''had done''||'''xawa'''<br>''had been done, had happened'' |- ! Future | '''xayo''' <br>''will have done''||'''xawo''' <br>''will have been done, will have happened'' |- ! Hypothetical !! | '''xayu''' <br>''would have done''||'''xawu'''<br>''would have been done, would have happened'' |- !rowspan=4| Indicative !! rowspan=2|Imminent !! Present | '''xoye''' <br>''is about to do''||'''xowe'''<br>''is about to be done, is about to happen'' |- ! Past | '''xoya'''<br>''was to be done'' ||'''xowa'''<br>''was to be done, was to happen'' |- ! rowspan=2|Potential !! Present | '''xuye'''<br>''is supposed to do'' ||'''xuwe''' <br>''is supposed to happen'' |- ! Past | '''xuya''' <br>''was supposed to do''||'''xuwa'''<br>''was supposed to be done, was supposed to happen'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- ! rowspan=2 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};"|Infinitive !! !! Simple !! rowspan=8| | '''xer'''<br>''to do''||'''xwer'''<br>''to be done, to happen'' |- ! !! Perfect | '''xayer'''<br>''to have done''||'''xawer'''<br>''to have been done, to have happend'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- ! rowspan=4 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};"|Participle !! !! Progressive | '''xea'''<br>''doing'' ||'''xewa'''<br>''being done, happening'' |- ! !! Perfect | '''xya''' <br>''having done''||'''xwa'''<br>''done, happened'' |- ! !! Imminent | '''xoa''' <br>''about to do''||'''xowa'''<br>''about to happen'' |- ! !! Potential | '''xua'''<br>''bound to do'' ||'''xuwa'''<br>''doable'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- !rowspan=2 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};" |Gerund ! !! Simple !! | '''xen''' <br>''doing''||'''xwen''' <br>''being done, happening, event'' |- ! !! Perfect !! | '''xayen'''<br>''having done''||'''xawen'''<br>''having happened'' |} : Note 1: Intransitive verbs such as '''per''' ''to go'' have no passive forms. An expression such as ''They are gone.'' would be translated as '''Yit se pya'''. == Negative Forms == : All of the above verb forms are affirmative. The indicative and conditional forms can be made negative by using the negative adverb '''voy''' (''not'', '' 'nt'', ''doesn't'', ''don't''). Those forms that are subjunctive, jussive, or imperative ending in '''-u''' use the negative subordinate conjunction '''von''' (''don't'', ''let not'', ''lest''). : '''voy'''....''not'' ::* '''At <u>voy</u> te.'''....''I <u>don</u>'t know.'' (indicative) ::* '''<u>Voy</u> mamilo.'''....''It will <u>not</u> rain.'' (indicative) ::* '''At <u>voy</u> xu hus.'''....''I would <u>not</u> do that.'' (conditional) : '''von'''....''Let's not, don't, let it not'' ::* '''<u>Von</u> mamilu.'''....''<u>Let it not</u> rain.'' (subjunctive) ::* '''<u>Von</u> yat fuyaku.'''....''<u>Let</u> us <u>not</u> despair.'' (jussive) ::* '''<u>Von</u> pu!'''....''<u>Don't</u> go.'' (imperative) : Participles, gerunds, and infinitives can be negated with the prefix '''o-''' (''un-, non-''). ::* '''tosea'''....''feeling'' -> '''otosea'''....''unfeeling'' ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' -> '''oxwa'''....''undone'' ::* '''teliwa'''....''eaten'' -> '''oteliwa'''....''uneaten'' ::* '''tejen'''....''living'' -> '''otejen'''....''not living'' ::* '''buen'''....''giving'' -> '''obuen'''....''not giving'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' -> '''obuer'''....''not to give'' ::* '''ter'''....''to know'' => '''oter'''....''not to know, i.e. to ignore'' : Partciples, gerunds, and infinitives can also be negated with the word '''voy'' (''not''), eg: ::* '''voy tea ha dud'''....''not knowing the answer'' ::* '''gel voy tejea'''....''like not living'' ::* '''av voy xen hes'''....''for not doing something'' == How to Express Certain English Tenses == : English speakers have some tenses that do not fit into the above schema, and so Mirad uses a combination of verbs to achieve the same sense: ::* The English tense ''I have been studying French for four years.'' is translated in Mirad by '''At saye tixea Ferad ji uwa jabi.''' (Mirad present perfect of '''ser''' (''to be'') + the present participle of the main verb, '''tixer'''. ::* The English tense ''I had been studying'' is translated in Mirad by '''At saya tixer''', the past perfect of the verb '''ser''' (''to be'') + the present participle of the main verb, '''tixer'''. ::* The English tense ''I am going to be starring in that role.'' is translated in Mirad by '''At dezdebeyo be hua dezgon.''' (Mirad future progressive). ::* The modern Black English tense ''Don't you be doing that.'' is handled in Mirad by '''Von et xeyu hus.''' (Mirad imperative progressive). == Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs == : Transitive verbs, which can take a direct object, oppose themselves to intransitive verbs, which do not take a direct object. Some verbs are marked overtly for transitivity. : Verbs that end in '''xer''' (''to do, -ify, -ize'') are by nature transitive, and often have intransitive counterparts in '''ser''' (''to be, become, -ify, -ize''). Likewise, verbs ending in '''ber''' (''to put, take'') are transitive and have intransitive counterparts in '''per''' (''to go''). Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Transitive vs. Intransitive |- ! Transitive !! Intransitive |- | '''xer'''....''do'' || '''ser'''....''be'' |- | '''agxer'''....''grow (something)'' || '''agser'''....''grow (up)'' |- | '''amxer'''....''heat, make hot'' || '''amser'''....''become hot, heat up'' |- | '''puxer'''....''throw'' || '''puser'''....''jump'' |- | '''per'''....''go'' || '''ber'''....''put'' |- | '''aber'''....''put on'' || '''aper'''....''get on'' |- | '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' |- | '''poxer'''....''stop (something)'' || '''poser'''....''(come to a) stop'' |- | '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach'' |- | '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter'' |} ::* '''At <u>agxe</u> vobi.'''....''I <u>grow</u> [TRANSITIVE] plants.'' ::* '''Ha vobi <u>agseye</u> ig.'''....''The plants <u>are growing</u> [INTRANSITIVE] fast.'' ::* '''<u>Poxu</u> ha pur!'''....''<u>Stop</u> [TRANSITIVE] the car!'' ::* '''Ha pur <u>posa</u>.'''....''The car <u>stopped</u> [INTRANSITIVE].'' ::* '''At <u>yaba</u> ha mis.'''....''I <u>raised</u> [TRANSITIVE] the window.'' ::* '''Ha amar <u>yapaye</u>.'''....''The sun <u>has risen</u> [INTRANSITIVE].'' === Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity === : Note the following verbs, whose stems end in '''j''' are hard to pronounce with intransitive '''s''' and transitive '''x''', so these two endings are placed with '''p''' and '''b''', respectively, although the presence of the '''p''' is optional, i.e. it's presence or absence can slightly change the meaning from static to dynamic, eg. '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' vs. '''tujper'''....''to fall asleep''. The transitive forms can be either active or passive. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity |- ! colspan=2|Intransitive !! colspan=2|Transitive |- ! Static !! Dynamic !! Active !! Passive |- | '''Ha mes <u>yija</u>'''<br>''The door <u>opened</u>.'' || '''Ha nasyef <u>yijpa</u>'''<br>''The purse <u>came open</u>.'' || '''At <u>yijba</u> ha mes.'''<br>''I <u>opened</u> the door.'' || '''Ha mes <u>yijbwa</u> bey yelput.'''<br>''The door <u>was opened</u> by an intruder'' |- | '''Ha mes <u>yuja</u>.'''<br>''The door <u>closed</u>.'' || '''Ha yanup <u>yujpa</u>.'''<br>''The meeting <u>adjourned</u>.'' || '''At <u>yujba</u> ha mes.'''<br>''I <u>closed</u> the door.''||'''Ha mes yeyfe <u>yujbwer</u> ja sumjob.'''<br>''The door should <u>be closed</u> by bedtime.'' |- | '''Ha dezun <u>ijaye</u>.'''<br>''The play <u>has started</u>.''||'''Ha par <u>ijpa</u> boy poys.'''<br>''The car <u>started up</u> immediately.'' ||'''At <u>ijba</u> ata tyal.'''<br>''I <u>started</u> my meal.''||'''Ha tyal <u>ijbwa</u> jwa.'''<br>''The meal <u>was started</u> early.'' |- | '''Ha dezun <u>ujaye</u>.'''<br>''The play has <u>ended</u>.''||'''Ata yex <u>ujpaye</u>.'''<br>''My work <u>has come to an end</u>.'' || '''A <u>ujba</u> ha dyes.'''<br>''I <u>finished</u> the book.''||'''Ha dyes hyoj <u>ujbwa</u>.'''<br>''The book never <u>got finished</u>.'' |- | '''Ha tob <u>toja</u> zomoj.'''<br>''The man <u>died</u> yesterday evening.''||'''Ha tob <u>tojpa</u>.'''<br>''The man <u>dropped dead.</u>'' || '''Hot <u>tojba</u> ha twob?'''<br>''Who <u>killed</u> the man?''||'''Ha twob <u>tojbwa</u> bey ita tayd.'''<br>''The man <u>was killed</u> by his wife.'' |- | '''<u>Teju</u>.'''<br>''<u>Live!</u>.''||'''<u>Tejpu!</u>.'''<br>''<u>Come alive!</u>.'' || '''Yat efe <u>tejber</u> ha twob.'''<br>''We need to <u>revive</u> the man.''||'''Ha twob yofwa <u>tejbwer</u>.'''<br>''The man could not <u>be revived</u>.'' |- | '''Ha tobot <u>taja</u> zojub.'''<br>''The baby <u>was born</u> yesterday.'' || '''Hoj ha tobot <u>tajpo</u>?'''<br>''When <u>will</u> the baby <u>pop out</u>?'' || '''Iyt <u>tajba</u> awa twobot zojub.'''<br>''She <u>gave birth</u> to a baby boy yesterday.''||'''Ha twobot <u>tajbwa</u> jo eymoj.'''<br>''The baby boy was <u>birthed</u> after midnight.'' |- | '''At <u>tija</u> jwe.'''<br>''I <u>woke up</u> on time.''||'''It voy <u>tijpa</u>.'''<br>''He did not <u>come to.</u>.'' || '''At <u>tijbo</u> et jwa.'''<br>''I will <u>wake (you) up</u> early.''||'''At voy fe <u>tijbwo</u> gra jwa.'''<br>''I don't want to <u>be woken</u> too early.'' |- | '''At <u>tujeya</u>.'''<br>''I was <u>sleeping.</u>''||'''At <u>tujpeya</u>.'''<br>''I was <u>falling sleep</u>.'' || '''At <u>tujbo</u> it.'''<br>''I will <u>put (him) to sleep.</u>.''||'''Ha tobot <u>tujbwo</u> glojo.'''<br>''The baby <u>will be put to sleep</u> soon.'' |} == Reflexive Verbs == [[File:TWC Hokitika Gorge • Stewart Nimmo • MRD 1.jpg|thumb|]] : Reflexive verbs, where the object refers back to the subject, work just as in English, where the object is a reflexive pronoun, eg.: ::* '''At tujboye aut.'''....''I am going to kill myself.'' ::* '''Tru eut!'''....''Know thyself!'' ::* '''It gobla iut bey goblar.'''....''He cut himself with a knife.'' ::* '''Ot yefe yuxer out.'''....''One must help oneself.'' : Sometimes, verbs are reflexive lexically and incorporate the reflexivity in the actual verb form using '''ut''' as the prefix: ::* '''uttujber'''....''commit suicide (= self-kill)'' ::* '''utboler'''....''support oneself (= self-support)'' ::* '''utdider'''....''wonder (= self-ask)'' : Sometimes, verbs are used reflexively in Mirad even though they are used simply intransitively in English, eg.: ::* '''Et efe <u>vyilxer eut</u>.'''....''You need to wash up [= <u>wash yourself</u>].'' (or) ::* '''Et efe <u>utvyilxer</u>.'''....''You need to wash up [= <u>self-wash</u>].'' == Omission of Prepositions After Certain Verbs == :: Some verbs inherently incorporate a preposition and so it is not necessary to use that assumed preposition before what would normally be an indirect object. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Inherent Propositions |- ! Preposition-Incorporating Verb !! Example |- | '''per'''....''go (to)'' || '''Pu tam!''' (Not: '''Pu bu tam!''') ''Go home.''<br>'''It pa Paris.'''....''He went to Paris.'' |- | '''der'''....''say (to), tell'' || '''Du at eta dyun.'''....''Tell me your name.''<br>'''Du at has.'''....''Tell it to me.'' |- | '''peser'''....''wait (for)'' || '''Pesu at.'''....''Wait for me.'' |- | '''buer'''....''give (to)'' || '''Buu at hua dyes.'''....''Give me that book.'' |} :: As in English, in omitting the inherent preposition in a sentence with both a direct object and an indirect object, place the indirect object before the direct object. If the direct object comes first, then the preposition must be overtly specified before the indirect object, eg. '''Buu <u>at</u> hus.'''....''Give me that.'' or '''Buu hus <u>bu at</u>.'''....''Give that <u>to me</u>.'' See more about this in the chapter on [[Mirad_Grammar/Syntax|Syntax]]. == Causative vs. Inchoative Verbs == : A causative verb has the sense ''to make something have some quality'', whereas an inchoative verbs means ''to become or take on the quality of something.'' === Derived from Adjectives === : Adjectives can be converted into transitive/causative and intransitive/inchoative verbs. Causative verbs are always transitive (taking an object), while inchoative verbs are intransitive (not taking an object). English causative / inchoative verbs often end in ''-ify'' like ''magnify'', or ''-ate'', ''liberate'', or ''ize'', like ''sensitize''. : To derive a causative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''-xer'''....''to do'' to either the stem or the whole adjective (with the '''a''' ending). Whether you do the former or the latter depends on several factors, but the end result is slightly different in nuance. A verb with adjective stem + '''-xer''' is slightly more idiomatic or less literal than the adjective stem + '''axer'''. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ -axer vs -xer in Transitive Verbs |- ! Adjective !! Causative/Transitive !! Causative/Transitive |- ! '''-xer''' !! Literal !! Idiomatic |- | '''aga'''<br>''big'' || '''ag<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to magnify'' || '''agxer'''<br>''to grow'' |- | '''ana'''<br>''one'' || '''an<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to unify'' || '''anxer'''<br>''to unite'' |- | '''yona'''<br>''apart'' || '''yon<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to separate'' || '''yonxer'''<br>''to cut'' |- | '''yaga'''<br>''long'' || '''yag<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to lengthen'' || '''yagxer'''<br>''to stretch'' |- | '''yuga'''<br>''slow'' || '''yug<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to retard'' || '''yugxer''' <br>''to brake'' |- | '''sana'''<br>''formal'' || '''san<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to formalize'' || '''sanxer'''<br>''to form'' |- | '''gea'''<br>''equal'' || '''ge<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to equalize'' || '''gexer'''<br>''to equal, equate'' |- | '''jaa'''<br>''prior'' || '''ja<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to prioritize'' || '''jaxer'''<br>''to prepare'' |- | '''aota'''<br>''personal'' || '''aot<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to personalize'' || '''aotxer'''<br>''to personify'' |} : To derive an inchoative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''ser'''....''to be'' to either the stem or the whole adjective. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Creating Inchoative Verbs |- ! Adjective !! Inchoative/Intransitive !! Inchoative/Intransitive |- ! '''-ser''' !! Literal !! Idiomatic |- | '''aga'''<br>''big'' || '''ag<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to get bigger'' || '''agser'''<br>''to grow'' |- | '''ana'''<br>''one'' || '''an<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to unify'' || '''anser'''<br>''to unite, become united'' |- | '''yona'''<br>''apart'' || '''yon<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to become separate'' || '''yonser'''<br>''to break'' |- |} : Be careful to use the transitive, causative verb form when you have a direct object, and the intransitive, inchoative verb form when no direct objects are present or possible, eg.: ::* '''<u>Ansu</u> ey yet golxwo.'''....''<u>Unite</u> or you will be divided.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''At <u>yontadsa</u> hoj at sa eta jag.'''....''I <u>got divorced</u> when I was your age.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''Hisi <u>agaxo</u> hos et teate.'''....''These <u>will magnify</u> what you see.'' [TRANSITIVE] ::* '''Hia tud <u>agseye</u> ig.'''....''This child <u>is growing up</u> fast.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''Ata tayd <u>agxe</u> vosi be oyebzom.'''....''My wife <u>grows</u> flowers out back.'' [TRANSITIVE] === Derived from Nouns === : Transitive/causative/active and intransitive/inchoative/passive verbs can also be formed from nouns. The sense of the former is ''to make be X'' and of the latter, ''to become X''. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs Derived from Nouns |- ! Noun !! Transitive/Causative/Active !! Intransitive/Inchoative/Passive |- | '''mog'''....''ash'' || '''mogxer'''<br>''to incinerate'' || '''mogser'''<br>''to become ashes'' |- | '''yan'''....''collection'' || '''yanxer'''<br>''to collect'' || '''yanser'''<br>''to get together'' |- | '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''tadxer'''<br>''to marry'' || '''tadser'''<br>''to get married'' |- | '''yom'''....''ice'' || '''yomxer'''<br>''to freeze/make ice'' || '''yomser'''<br>''to freeze/become ice'' |- | '''mag'''....''fire'' || '''magxer'''<br>''to burn, set fire to'' || '''magser'''<br>''to burn, get burned'' |- | '''uk'''....''void'' || '''ukxer'''<br>''to empty'' || '''ukser'''<br>''become empty, empty out'' |} === Intermediary Causative Verbs === : Intermediary verbal causatives like ''have/get my car washed'', ''make/force him go'', ''get one's hair cut'' are formed by suffixing the causative verb infix '''-ux-''' (active) or '''uxw''' (passive) to the stem of the verb signifying the action to be arranged or caused by someone other than the subject, eg.: ::* '''At gobl<u>ux</u>o ata tayeb zajub.'''....''I will get my hair cut tomorrow.'' ::* '''Et voy yafe p<u>ux</u>er at.'''....''You cannot make me go.'' ::* '''Wit tojb<u>ux</u>a yit.'''....''He had them killed.'' ::* '''At efe vyilx<u>ux</u>er ata pur.'''....''I need to have my car washed.'' ::* '''Et up<u>ux</u>wa him av hes.'''....''You were made to come here for some reason.'' ::* '''At bakamb<u>ux</u>o et.'''....''I will have you hospitalized.'' ::* '''Et voy yafe deuz<u>ux</u>er at.'''....''You cannot make me sing.'' ::* '''At hihid<u>ux</u>wa.'''....''I was tickled (= made to laugh).'' ::* '''Eta deuz hihid<u>ux</u>a yat.'''....''Your song tickled us. (= Made us laugh.)'' ::* '''Van het ivas<u>ux</u>u weti.'''....''May someone get you guys to be happy.'' ::* '''Hua enzyukpur uzp<u>ux</u>a yata pur.'''....''That motorcycle caused our car to veer.'' == Subject-directed vs. Patient-directed Verbs == : The directionality of some verbs can be distinguished by the verbal formant infix '''-i-''' for an action or motion toward the speaker and '''-u-''' for an action or motion away from the speaker toward some patient, eg.: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Directional Verbs |- ! Subject-directed !! Patient-directed |- | '''b<u>i</u>er'''....''to take'' || '''b<u>u</u>er'''....''to give'' |- | '''nier'''....''to consume'' || '''nuer'''....''to supply'' |- | '''nyier'''....''to order'' || '''nyuer'''....''to deliver'' |- | '''nazunier'''....''win a prize'' || '''nazunuer'''....''award a prize'' |- | '''noysier'''....''pay off'' || '''noysuer'''....''charge'' |- | '''ojbier'''....''borrow'' || '''ojbuer'''....''lend'' |- | '''tadier'''....''get married'' || '''taduer'''....''marry off'' |- | '''papier'''....''take flight'' || '''papuer'''....''send off flying'' |- | '''pipier'''....''set sail'' || '''pipuer'''....''dock'' |- | '''simbier'''....''take a seat'' || '''simbuer'''....''offer a seat'' |- | '''tampier'''....''leave home'' || '''tampuer'''....''arrive home'' |- | '''tamier'''....''settle in'' || '''tamuer'''....''shelter'' |- | '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' |- | '''telier'''....''to eat'' || '''teluer'''....''to feed'' |- | '''gonbier'''....''to participate'' || '''gonbuer'''....''to share'' |- | '''tilier'''....''to drink'' || '''tiluer'''....''to ply with drink'' |- | '''teubier'''....''to swallow'' || '''teubuer'''....''to spit out'' |- | '''teatier'''....''to observe, watch'' || '''teatuer'''....''to show'' |- | '''taxier'''....''to memorize'' || '''taxuer'''....''to remind'' |- | '''alier'''....''to breathe in'' || '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, expire'' |- | '''ilier'''....''to absorb'' || '''iluer'''....''to pour'' |- | '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' || '''ifuer'''....''to please'' |- | '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''duer'''....''to suggest'' |- | '''tier'''....''to learn'' || '''tuer'''....''to inform'' |- | '''pier'''....''to depart'' || '''puer'''....''to arrive'' |- | '''kebier'''....''to choose'' || '''kebuer'''....''to distribute'' |- | '''byier'''....''to originate'' || '''byuer'''....''to target'' |- | '''mempier'''....''to take off'' || '''mempuer'''....''to land'' |- | '''sinier'''....''visualize'' || '''sinuer'''....''display'' |- | '''xier'''....''to result'' || '''xuer'''....''to cause'' |- | '''yifier'''....''to get up the courage'' || '''yifuer'''....''to encourage, challenge'' |- | '''yafonier'''....''to gain power'' || '''yafonuer'''....''to empower'' |- | '''trier'''....''to become acquainted with'' || '''truer'''....''to acquaint with, introduce to'' |- | '''tepzexier'''....''to draw attention'' || '''tepzexuer'''....''to focus attention on'' |- | '''yekier'''....''to undertake'' || '''yekuer'''....''to challenge'' |- | '''dyunier'''....''to assume the name of'' || '''dyunuer'''....''to bestow the name of'' |- | '''abfinier'''....''to take advantage of'' || '''abfinuer'''....''to favor'' |} : In some cases, the directionality can be both ways in a verb, in which case the verb formant infix '''-ui-''' (a hybrid form) is used, eg.: ::* '''nunier '''....''to purchase'' (subject-directed) ::* '''nunuer'''....''to sell'' (patient-directed) ::* '''nunuier'''....''to trade'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''tier'''....''to learn, realize'' (subject-directed) ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform, tip off'' (patient-directed) ::* '''tuier'''....''to communicate'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''ebtuier'''....''to intercommunicate'' ::* '''alier'''....''to breathe in, inhale'' (subject-directed) ::* '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, exhale'' (patient-directed) ::* '''aluier'''....''to breathe, respire'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''bier '''....''to take'' (subject-directed) ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' (patient-directed) ::* '''buier'''....''to give and take, exchange'' (subject & patient-directed) == Bi-radical Verbs == : Some verbs are formed using two verb roots together. Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Bi-radical Verbs |- ! Verb Root 1 !! Verb Root 2 !! Bi-radical Verb |- | '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' |- | '''nixer'''....''to earn'' || '''buer'''....''to give'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' |- | '''kexer'''....''to seek'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''kexbier'''....''to choose'' |- | '''uper'''....''to come'' || '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''updier'''....''to invite'' |- | '''teater'''....''to see'' || '''der'''....''to tell'' || '''teader'''....''to testify'' |- | '''teeter'''....''to hear'' || '''drer'''....''to write'' || '''teadrer'''....''to report'' |- | '''teater'''....''to see'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''teaper'''....''to visit'' |- | '''texer'''....''to think'' || '''der'''....''to say'' || '''texder'''....''to mention'' |- | '''kexer'''....''to seek'' || '''pixer'''....''to catch'' || '''kexpixer'''....''to hunt'' |- | '''yeker'''....''to try'' || '''teexer'''....''to listen'' || '''yekteexer'''....''to try (in court)'' |} == Verbs with Vectorial Prefixes == : Prepositions and directional adverbs can be prefixed to verbs in order to change their vectorial semantics. A preposition ending in '''b''' will assimilate by losing the '''b''' before the verb '''per'''....''to go'' or the verb '''ber'''. This assimilation does not occur for other verbs beginning with '''b''' such as '''byexer''' (''to hit''). A preposition ending in '''b''' will, however, assimilate (lose the '''b''') before any verb bases beginning with a '''p'''. For example, '''ab''' (''on'') + '''bexer''' (''to hold'') = '''obbexer''' (''to hold on''), because '''obexer''' could be interpreted as ''to release''. Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Prepositional Prefixes |- ! Preposition/Adverb !! Transitive Verb !! Intransitive Verb |- | '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''apply''<br>not '''abber'''! || '''aper'''....''get on''<br>not '''abper'''! |- | '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove'' || '''oper'''....''get off, dismount'' |- | '''ab'''....''off'' || '''abbaxrer'''....''to rub on'' || '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' |- | '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene'' |- | '''eb'''....''between'' || '''ebdrayefser'''....''to interleave'' || '''ebdrafxer'''....''to interleave'' |- | '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''uber'''....''to send'' || '''uper'''....''to come'' |- | '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''ubbixer'''...''to attract'' || '''upixer'''....''to pitch toward'' |- | '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' |- | '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''take down'' || '''yoper'''....''descend'' |- | '''yub'''....''near'' || '''yuber'''....''bring near'' || '''yuper'''....''approach'' |- | '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''go far away'' |- | '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter'' |- | '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yepuxer'''....''throw in'' || '''yepuser'''....''jump in'' |- | '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyeber'''....''expose'' || '''oyeper'''....''exit'' |- | '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyebbuxer'''....''expel'' || '''oyepuxer'''....''eject'' |- | '''zyu'''....''round'' || '''zyuber'''....''rotate'' || '''zyuper'''....''revolve'' |- | '''zya'''....''throughout'' || '''zyaber'''....''spread'' || '''zyaper'''....''tour'' |- | '''av'''....''for'' || '''avdaler'''....''plead'' || '''avper'''....''pursue'' |- | '''ov'''....''against'' || '''ovber'''....''oppose'' || '''ovper'''....''countervene'' |- | '''yan'''....''together'' || '''yanber'''....''compose'' || '''yanper'''....''meet'' |- | '''yon'''....''apart'' || '''yonber'''....''separate'' || '''yonper'''....''separate'' |- | '''iz'''....''direct'' || '''izber'''....''lead'' || '''izper'''....''head'' |- | '''uz'''....''curved'' || '''uzber'''....''divert'' || '''uzper'''....''diverge'' |- | '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzber'''....''surround'' || '''yuzper'''....''circulate'' |- | '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''transfer'' || '''yizper'''....''surpass'' |- | '''zoy'''....''back, re-'' || '''zoyber'''....''return'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back'' |} == Other Semantics-altering Verb Prefixes == : As in English and many other languages, prefixes can be used on verbs to reverse, mitigate, or otherwise alter the semantics: === Expressing ''re-'' with '''zoy-''' or '''gaw-''' === : The prefix '''zoy-'''....''back'' or '''gaw-¹'''....''again'' are used like the English prefix ''re-'', eg.: ::* '''ember'''....''to position'' → '''<u>zoy</u>-ember'''....''to <u>re</u>position, <u>re</u>place'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>zoy</u>buer'''....''to <u>re</u>turn (an object), give back'' ::* '''sanxer'''....''to shape, form'' → '''<u>zoy</u>sanxer'''....''to <u>re</u>shape, <u>re</u>form, <u>trans</u>form'' ::* '''zyauber'''....''to broadcast'' → '''gawzyauber'''....''to re-broadcast'' ::* '''taja'''....''born'' → '''gawtaja'''....''reborn'' ::* '''aber'''....''to apply'' → '''gawaber'''....''to reapply'' ::* '''teaper'''....''to visit'' → '''<u>gaw</u>teaper'''....''to <u>re</u>visit'' ::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''<u>zoy</u>-uper²'''....''to <u>re</u>turn, come <u>back</u>'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>zoy</u>buxer'''....''to <u>re</u>pel, push <u>back</u>'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zoy</u>puxer'''....''to <u>re</u>ject, throw <u>back</u>, jettison'' : Note 1: The prefix '''gaw-''' before a consonant is pronounced like the ''gaw'' in the English word ''gawk''. It is short for '''ga awa jod''' or '''gawa''' meaning ''one more time, again''. If the "re-" word means ''to do something again'', then '''gaw-''' is used, eg. ''To reconvene'' ( = ''meet again'')....'''gawyanuper''' If the sense of ''back'' is intended, than the prefix '''zoy-''' is used, eg. ''To return'' ( = ''come back'')....'''zoyuper'''. Both prefixes are used in the expression ''Come back again!''....'''Gawzoy-upu!'''. : Note 2: The prefix '''zoy''' is followed by a hyphen to make it clear that the prepositon is '''zoy''', not '''zo''' and that the base verb is '''uper''' (''come''), not '''yuper''' (''to approach''). :''Until we meet again'' or ''au revoir'' is expressed by '''Ju gawyanup.''' === Expressing ''de-, dis-, un-'' with '''lo-''' === : The prefix '''lo-''' reverses the semantics of a verb and is like English ''dis-'', ''de-'', or ''un-'', eg.: ::* '''sexer'''....''to build, construct'' → '''<u>lo</u>sexer'''....''to <u>de</u>stroy, <u>de</u>construct'' ::* '''anxer'''....''to unite'' → '''<u>lo</u>anxer'''....''to <u>dis</u>unite'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>lo</u>xer'''....''to <u>un</u>do'' : Note the difference between '''o-''' and '''lo-'''. ::* '''odoparuwa'''....''<u>un</u>armed'' (= ''not armed'') ::* '''lodoparuwa'''....''<u>dis</u>armed'' (= from the verb '''lodoparuer'''....''to disarm'') === Expressing ''co-'' with '''yan-''' === : The prefix '''yan-'''....''together'' is used as the English ''co-'', eg.: ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''<u>yan</u>exer'''....''to <u>co</u>operate'' ::* '''tamer'''....''to dwell'' → '''<u>yan</u>tamer'''....''to <u>co</u>habit'' ::* '''napber'''....''to put in order'' → '''<u>yan</u>napber'''....''to <u>co</u>ordinate'' === Making Verbs Completive with '''ik-''' === : Verbs can be made completive or perfective by prefixing them with '''ik-''' (''fully''). Such verbs are comparable to phrasal verbs in English with ''up'' and other prepositions as in ''to eat up''. Here are some examples in Mirad: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''iktojber'''....''to kill off, exterminate'' ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''iktelier'''....''to eat up'' ::* '''ujber'''....''to finish'' → '''ikujber'''....''to finish off/up'' ::* '''gofler'''....''to rip'' → '''ikgofler'''....''to rip up'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''ikdrer'''....''to write down'' ::* '''byexer'''....''to beat'' → '''ikbyexer'''....''to beat up'' ::* '''agser'''....''to grow'' → '''ikagser'''....''to grow up'' === Making Verbs Continuative with '''je-''' === : Verbs can be given a continuative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''je-''': ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''jedalar'''....''to go on talking, to blabber'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' → '''jetejer'''....''to go on living, to survive'' ::* '''yexer'''....''to work'' → '''jeyexer'''....''to go on working, to keep working'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''jeteaxer'''....''to watch'' ::* '''teexer'''....''to listen'' → '''jeteexer'''....''to keep listening, to pay attention'' ::* '''duler'''....''to insist'' → '''jeduler'''....''to nag'' === Making Verbs Inchoative with '''ij-''' === : Verbs can be given an inchoative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''ij-''': ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''ijtexer'''....''to start to think'' ::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' → '''ijifier'''....''to start liking'' ::* '''trer'''....''to know'' → '''ijtrer'''....''to get to know'' ::* '''baxer'''....''to stir'' → '''ijbaxer'''....''to instigate'' ::* '''byaxer'''....''to erect'' → '''ijbyaxer'''....''to establish, to institute'' ::* '''dezer'''....''to perform'' → '''ijdezer'''....''to premier, to debut'' ::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' → '''ijeser'''....''to come about'' ::* '''kaxer'''....''to find'' → '''ijkaxer'''....''to invent'' ::* '''magxer'''....''to burn'' → '''ijmagxer'''....''to kindle'' ::* '''saxer'''....''to make'' → '''ijsaxer'''....''to create'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''ijtexer'''....''to conceive'' ::* '''tuxer'''....''to teach'' → '''ijtuxer'''....''to initiate'' ::* '''xeler'''....''to celebrate'' → '''ijxeler'''....''to inaugurate'' === Making Verbs Terminative with '''uj-''' === : Verbs can be given a terminative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''uj-''': ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''ujtelier'''....''to finish eating'' ::* '''dyeer'''....''to read'' → '''ujdyeer'''....''to finish reading'' ::* '''ufteuder'''....''to complain'' → '''ujufteuder'''....''to quit carping'' ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' → '''ujaker'''....''to succeed'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''ujder'''....''to conclude'' ::* '''gaber'''....''to add'' → '''ujgaber'''....''to append, to added at the end'' ::* '''gyoxer'''....''to thin'' → '''ujgyoxer'''....''to taper'' ::* '''kyeser'''....''to happen'' → '''ujkyeser'''....''to turn out'' ::* '''oker'''....''to lose'' → '''ujoker'''....''to fail'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Pleasure with '''if-''' === ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''iftyoper'''....''to stroll'' ::* '''tuyuxer'''....''to finger'' → '''iftuyuxer'''....''to tickle'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''ifteaxer'''....''to ogle (voyeuristically)'' ::* '''piper'''....''to sail'' → '''ifpiper'''....''to go cruising'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''ifteuder'''....''to laugh'' ::* '''eker'''....''to play'' → '''ifeker'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''abbaxer'''....''to pat'' → '''ifabbaxer'''....''to fondle, to caress'' ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''ifaxler'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''ifbier'''....''to embrace, to adopt, to foster'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''ifbuer'''....''to donate, to gift'' ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' → '''ifbikuer'''....''to foster'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''ifbixer'''....''to entice, to tempt, to seduce'' ::* '''ebdaler'''....''to converse'' → '''ifebdaler'''....''to chitchat'' ::* '''mimparer'''....''to go boating'' → '''ifmimparer'''....''to go yachting'' ::* '''tayoxer'''....''to touch'' → '''iftayoxer'''....''to tickle, to titillate'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''ifteaxer'''....''to ogle, to feast one's eyes on, to moon over'' ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''iftelier'''....''to feast on'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''iftyoper'''....''to stroll, to jaunt, to promenade'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Displeasure with '''uf-''' === ::* '''tosier'''....''to feel'' → '''uftosier'''....''to get angry'' ::* '''eker'''....''to play'' → '''ufeker'''....''to fight'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''ufder'''....''to express displeasure'' ::* '''aluer'''....''to exhale'' → '''ufaluer'''....''to huff'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''ufdaler'''....''to rant'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''ufteaxer'''....''to scorn, to disdain'' ::* '''teuber'''....''to make an expression'' → '''ufteuber'''....''to frown'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''ufteuder'''....''to grouse, to gripe'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Prohibition with '''of-''' === ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''ofbier'''....''to steal'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''ofdeler'''....''to ban'' ::* '''yeper'''....''to enter'' → '''ofyeper'''....''to intrude, break in'' ::* '''zeyper'''....''to cross'' → '''ofzeyper'''....''to transgress, poach'' ::* '''gelxer'''....''to copy'' → '''ofgelxer'''....''to pirate, plagiarize'' ::* '''bekuluer'''....''to administer medicine'' → '''ofbekuluer'''....''to dope'' ::* '''nuxuer'''....''to pay'' → '''ofnuxuer'''....''to bribe, pay off, suborn'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Holiness with '''fya-''' === ::* '''bexler'''....''to keep'' → '''fyabexler'''....''to enshrine'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''fyabuer'''....''to sacrifice'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fyader'''....''to bless'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''fyadaler'''....''to preach, sermonize'' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' → '''fyadiler'''....''to pray'' ::* '''deuzer'''....''to sing'' → '''fyadeuzer'''....''to chant'' ::* '''ifrer'''....''to love dearly'' → '''fyaifrer'''....''to worship, adore'' ::* '''jader'''....''to predict'' → '''fyajader'''....''to prophesy'' ::* '''miluer'''....''to sprinkle'' → '''fyamiluer'''....''to sprinkle with holy water'' ::* '''ojvader'''....''to promise'' → '''fyaojvader'''....''to swear'' ::* '''xeler'''....''to practice'' → '''fyaxeler'''....''to celebrate'' ::* '''koser'''....''to hide'' → '''fyakoser'''....''to go on a retreat, go into hermitage'' ::* '''teazer'''....''perform a show'' → '''fyateazer'''....''to perform a miracle'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Profanity with '''fyo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fyoder'''....''to curse'' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' → '''fyodiler'''....''to conjure'' ::* '''tyezer'''....''to perform magic'' → '''fyotezer'''....''to engage in black magic'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''fyoxer'''....''to sin'' === Expressing Good Actions with '''fi-''' === ::* '''agser'''....''to grow'' → '''fiagser'''....''to thrive, to flourish'' ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''fiaxler'''....''to behave well'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fider'''....''to praise'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''fideler'''....''to approve'' ::* '''datiber'''....''to host'' → '''fidatiber'''....''to welcome'' ::* '''diber'''....''to manage'' → '''fidiber'''....''to husband'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be silent'' → '''fidoler'''....''to be discrete'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''fiduer'''....''to recommend'' ::* '''ebexler'''....''to interact'' → '''fiebexler'''....''to get along well'' ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''fiexer'''....''to operate smoothly'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''fifer'''....''to mean well'' ::* '''ijer'''....''to start'' → '''fiijer'''....''to get a good start'' ::* '''nagser'''....''to measure'' → '''finagser'''....''to adapt'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange'' → '''finapxer'''....''to tidy up, to neaten'' ::* '''ojfer'''....''to wish'' → '''fiojfer'''....''to wish well'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''fiper'''....''to fare well, to prosper'' ::* '''teaser'''....''to seem'' → '''fiteaser'''....''to look nice'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''fiteaxer'''....''to admire'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' → '''fitejer'''....''to thrive'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''fiteuder'''....''to acclaim, to laud'' ::* '''tosuer'''....''to make feel'' → '''fitosuer'''....''to exhilarate'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' → '''fitujer'''....''to sleep soundly'' ::* '''yaker'''....''to expect'' → '''fiyaker'''....''to hope'' ::* '''yuxer'''....''to help'' → '''fiyuxer'''....''to benefit'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''fixer'''....''to do well'' === Expressing Bad Actions with '''fu-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''fuaxler'''....''to misbehave'' ::* '''bekuer'''....''to treat'' → '''fubekuer'''....''to mistreat, to maltreat'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''fubexer'''....''to fumble'' ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' → '''fubikuer'''....''to neglect'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''fudaler'''....''to speak ill of, to badmouth'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''fudeler''''....''to denounce'' ::* '''diber'''....''to manage'' → '''fudiber'''....''to mismanage, to maladminister'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be quiet'' → '''fudoler'''....''to sulk'' ::* '''dezgonuer'''....''to cast'' → '''fudezgonuer'''....''to miscast'' ::* '''exer'''....''to function'' → '''fuexer'''....''to malfunction'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''fufer'''....''to wish ill'' ::* '''fyiduer'''....''to advise'' → '''fufyiduer'''....''to ill-advise'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange'' → '''funapxer'''....''to mess up'' ::* '''yevder'''....''to judge'' → '''fuyevder'''....''to critique negatively'' ::* '''yuxer'''....''to help'' → '''fuyuxer'''....''to abuse'' === Expressing More Intense Actions with '''az-''' === ::* '''abbixer'''....''to attract'' → '''<u>az</u>abbixer'''....''to infatuate'' ::* '''aluer'''....''to blow'' → '''<u>az</u>aluer'''....''to huff'' ::* '''basrer'''....''to shake'' → '''<u>az</u>basrer'''....''to convulse'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''<u>az</u>bexer'''....''to clutch'' ::* '''birer'''....''to grab''' → '''<u>az</u>birer'''....''to seize'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push''' → '''<u>az</u>buxer'''....''to prod'' ::* '''byexer'''....''to strike'' → '''<u>az</u>byexer'''....''to stomp, to hit hard'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>az</u>der'''....''to emphasize'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>az</u>duer'''....''to urge'' ::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>az</u>dizeuder'''....''to guffaw'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>az</u>fer'''....''to crave'' ::* '''fuyevder'''....''to criticize'' → '''<u>az</u>fuyevder'''....''to lambaste'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>az</u>yujber'''....''to lock'' === Expressing Less Intense Actions with '''oz-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to utter'' → '''<u>oz</u>der'''....''to whisper'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>oz</u>duer'''....''to hint'' ::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>oz</u>dizeuder'''....''to chuckle'' ::* '''uvteuder'''....''to moan'' → '''<u>oz</u>uvteuder'''....''to whimper'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>oz</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' === Expressing ''pre-, fore-'' with '''ja-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to tell'' → '''<u>ja</u>der'''....''to foretell, predict'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''<u>ja</u>teater'''....''to foresee, preview'' ::* '''ter'''....''to know'' → '''<u>ja</u>ter'''....''to presage, have foreknowledge of'' ::* '''yever'''....''to judge'' → '''<u>ja</u>yever'''....''to prejudge'' ::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''<u>ja</u>juder'''....''to antedate'' === Expressing ''post-, after-'' with '''jo-''' === ::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''<u>jo</u>juder'''....''to postdate'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>jo</u>texer'''....''to reflect on, review'' ::* '''uvder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>jo</u>uvder'''....''to mourn, regret'' ::* '''ibler'''....''to obtain'' → '''<u>jo</u>ibler'''....''to inherit'' === Expressing ''excessively'' with '''gra-''' === ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''<u>gra</u>telier'''....''to overeat'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>gra</u>fer'''....''to covet'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>gra</u>der'''....''to exaggerate'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>gra</u>daler'''....''to yammer'' === Expressing ''inadequately'' with '''gro-''' === ::* '''fyinder'''....''to value'' → '''<u>gro</u>fyinder'''....''to underestimate'' ::* '''mageler'''....''to cook'' → '''<u>gro</u>mageler'''....''to undercook'' ::* '''xaer'''....''to perform'' → '''<u>gro</u>xaer'''....''to underperform'' === Expressing ''counter-, contra-'' with '''ov-''' or '''oyv-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''<u>ov</u>axler'''....''to counteract'' ::* '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' → '''<u>ov</u>apyexer'''....''to counterattack'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>ov</u>daler'''....''to oppose'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>oyv</u>der'''....''to contradict'' ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oyv</u>ber'''....''to reverse, overturn'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>oyv</u>texer'''....''to contest, disagree'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>oyv</u>per'''....''to contravene'' === Expressing ''on behalf, for'' with '''av-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''<u>av</u>axler'''....''to act on behalf of'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>av</u>daler'''....''to advocate, speak on behalf of'' ::* '''dyundrer'''....''to sign'' → '''<u>av</u>dyundrer'''....''to endorse'' === Making Verbs Reflexive with '''ut-''' (''self-, auto-'') === ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>ut</u>tojber'''....''to commit suicide'' ::* '''vyovider'''....''to flatter'' → '''<u>ut</u>vyovider'''....''to flatter oneself'' ::* '''zaypuxwer'''....''to be propelled'' → '''<u>ut</u>zaypuxwer'''....''to be self-propelled'' ::* '''fider'''....''to praise'' → '''<u>ut</u>fider'''....''to brag'' ::* '''gober'''....''to decrement'' → '''<u>ut</u>gober'''....''to autodecrement'' === Making Verbs Reciprocal with '''hyuit-''' (''one another'') === ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>hyuit</u>tojber'''....''to kill one another'' ::* '''ifer'''....''to love'' → '''<u>hyuit</u>ifer'''....''to love one another'' === Expressing ''inter-, intra-'' with '''eb-''' (''between'') or '''eyb-''' (''among'') === ::* '''tadier'''....''to marry'' → '''<u>eb</u>tadier'''....''to intermarry'' ::* '''zyaber'''....''to spread'' → '''<u>eb</u>zyaber'''....''to intersperse'' ::* '''vyexer'''....''to relate'' → '''<u>eb</u>vyexer'''....''to interrelate'' ::* '''mulxer'''....''to materialize'' → '''<u>eyb</u>mulxer'''....''to mix'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>eyb</u>xer'''....''to interest, to involve'' === Expressing the Opposite of an Action with '''o-''' (''un-'') === ::* '''bexler'''....''to keep'' → '''<u>o</u>bexler'''....''to release, let go of'' ::* '''aynser'''....''to integrate'' → '''<u>o</u>aynser'''....''to disintegrate, to decay'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>o</u>beler'''....''to drop'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>o</u>bier'''....''to leave, relinquish'' ::* '''boser'''....''to be quiet'' → '''<u>o</u>boser'''....''to be upset'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>o</u>drer'''....''to erase'' ::<small>Note: If the base verb already begins with the negative prefix '''o-''', then the prefix is changed to '''ol-''', eg. '''obexler'''....''to release'' → '''<u>ol</u>obexwa'''....''to unrelease'' </small> === Expressing a Public or Official Action with '''do-''' === :: '''Do-''' is a stub for '''dot''' (''society''). ::* '''afder'''....''to allow'' → '''<u>do</u>afder'''....''to authorize'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>do</u>bier'''....''to conquer, take over, take control of'' ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>do</u>tojber'''....''to execute'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>do</u>buer'''....''to dedicate'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>do</u>daler'''....''to orate, speak in public'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''<u>do</u>deler'''....''to announce'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>do</u>drer'''....''to publicize, report'' ::* '''direr'''....''to demand'' → '''<u>do</u>direr'''....''to mandate, to dictate'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>do</u>drer'''....''to publicize'' ::* '''drurer'''....''to print'' → '''<u>do</u>drurer'''....''to publish'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>do</u>duer'''....''to propose, to move'' ::* '''durer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>do</u>durer'''....''to decree'' ::* '''dyeder'''....''to recite'' → '''<u>do</u>dyeder'''....''to declaim'' ::* '''dyeer'''....''to read'' → '''<u>do</u>dyeer'''....''to lecture'' ::* '''ebdaler'''....''to discuss'' → '''<u>do</u>ebdaler'''....''to deliberate'' ::* '''eber'''....''to block'' → '''<u>do</u>eber'''....''to enjoin, to restrain'' ::* '''fuxer'''....''to do bad'' → '''<u>do</u>fuxer'''....''to commit a crime'' ::* '''kebier'''....''to choose'' → '''<u>do</u>kebier'''....''to elect'' ::* '''lonapxer'''....''to mess up'' → '''<u>do</u>lonapxer'''....''to riot'' ::* '''naxgaxer'''....''to raise prices'' → '''<u>do</u>naxgaxer'''....''to auction off'' ::* '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' → '''<u>do</u>nixbuer'''....''to hawk'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Truth with '''vya-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vya</u>der'''....''to avow, to be frank'' ::* '''ber'''....''to set, put'' → '''<u>vya</u>ber'''....''to control'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>vya</u>bier'''....''to postulate'' ::* '''boler'''....''to support'' → '''<u>vya</u>boler'''....''to prove'' ::* '''duder'''....''to answer'' → '''<u>vya</u>duder'''....''to solve'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>vya</u>duer'''....''to allege'' ::* '''nadxer'''....''to line up'' → '''<u>vya</u>nadxer'''....''to align'' ::* '''nagxer'''....''to measure'' → '''<u>vya</u>nagxer'''....''to fit'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange, order'' → '''<u>vya</u>napxer'''....''to adjust'' ::* '''nazaxer'''....''to evaluate'' → '''<u>vya</u>nazaxer'''....''to corroborate'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>vya</u>kexer'''....''to investigate'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>vya</u>tuer'''....''to advise'' === Giving Verbs of Nuance of Falseness with '''vyo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vyo</u>der'''....''to lie, to misstate'' ::* '''tester'''....''to understand'' → '''<u>vyo</u>tester'''....''to misunderstand'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>vyo</u>tuer'''....''to misinform, to deceive'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>vyo</u>xer'''....''to do wrong, fail, misdo'' ::* '''yuxler'''....''to serve'' → '''<u>vyo</u>yuxler'''....''to betray, to serve unfaithfully'' === Making Verbs Positive with '''va-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>va</u>der'''....''to affirm'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>va</u>texer'''....''to believe'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to expect'' → '''<u>va</u>yeker'''....''to presume'' ::* '''bier'''.....''to take'' → '''<u>va</u>bier'''....''to accept'' === Making Verbs Negative with '''vo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vo</u>der'''....''to deny'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>vo</u>texer'''....''to doubt'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to expect'' → '''<u>vo</u>yeker'''....''to rule out'' ::* '''bier'''.....''to take'' → '''<u>vo</u>bier'''....''to reject'' === Making Verbs Suppositional with '''ve-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ve</u>der'''....''to conjecture'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>ve</u>texer'''....''to suppose, hypothesize'' ::* '''yovder'''....''to blame'' → '''<u>ve</u>yovder'''....''to indict, accuse'' === Speeding up Verbs with '''ig-''' === ::* '''pier'''....''to leave'' → '''<u>ig</u>pier'''....''to flee'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to drop'' → '''<u>ig</u>pyoser'''....''to plummet'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>ig</u>tyoper'''....''to run'' ::* '''yeper'''....''to enter'' → '''<u>ig</u>yeper'''....''to rush in'' === Slowing up Verbs with '''ug-''' === ::* '''paser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>ug</u>paser'''....''to amble'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ug</u>teaxer'''....''to gaze'' ::* '''ilper'''....''to flow'' → '''<u>ug</u>ilper'''....''to trickle'' ::* '''tilier'''....''to drink'' → '''<u>ug</u>tilier'''....''to sip'' === Expressing the Nuance of Suddenness with '''yok-''' === ::* '''baxer'''....''to stir'' → '''<u>yok</u>baxer'''....''to startle'' ::* '''hihider'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>yok</u>hihider'''....''to burst out laughing'' ::* '''teaser'''....''to appear'' → '''<u>yok</u>teaser'''....''to suddenly appear'' ::* '''yoktojer'''....''to die'' → '''<u>yok</u>tojer'''....''to drop dead'' === Expressing the Notion of Fixedness with '''kyo-''' === ::* '''byaser'''....''to stand'' → '''<u>kyo</u>byaser'''....''to stand still'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>kyo</u>kexer'''....''to hound, stalk'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>kyo</u>teaxer'''....''to stare, glare'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>kyo</u>texer'''....''to obsess with, fixate on'' === Expression the Notion of Randomness or Chance with '''kye-'''=== ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>kye</u>der'''....''to guess, divine'' ::* '''per'''....''to per'' → '''<u>kye</u>per'''....''to fluctuate'' ::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' → '''<u>kye</u>poper'''....''to wander'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>kye</u>napxer'''....''to scramble, shuffle'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>kye</u>bier'''....''to select'' ::* '''kaxer'''....''to find'' → '''<u>kye</u>kaxer'''....''to discover, to find by chance'' ::* '''vyabxer'''....''to check'' → '''<u>kye</u>vabxer'''....''to spot check'' === Expressing the Notion of Change with '''kya-''' === ::* '''baser'''....''to make a move'' → '''<u>kya</u>baser'''....''to shift'' ::* '''sanxer'''....''to form'' → '''<u>kya</u>sanxer'''....''to transform'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do/make'' → '''<u>kya</u>xer'''....''to change'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>kya</u>napxer'''....''to shuffle'' ::* '''dyanxer'''....''to phrase'' → '''<u>kya</u>dyanxer'''....''to paraphrase'' === Expressing Covert Actions with '''ko-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ko</u>ber'''....''to hide'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>ko</u>beler'''....''to smuggle'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>ko</u>bier'''....''to steal'' ::* '''ebkyaxer'''....''to exchange'' → '''<u>ko</u>ebkyaxer'''....''to traffic'' ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''<u>ko</u>exer'''....''to spy, operate under cover'' ::* '''fler'''....''to wish for'' → '''<u>ko</u>fler'''....''to covet, be jealous of'' ::* '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' → '''<u>ko</u>apyexer'''....''to ambush, to sneak-attack'' ::* '''loexer'''....''to destroy'' → '''<u>ko</u>loexer'''....''to sabotage'' === Expressing Actions with Intentionality with '''ke-''' === ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ke</u>teaxer'''....''to scan'' ::* '''vyaxer'''....''to prove'' → '''<u>ke</u>vyaxer'''....''to experiment'' ::* '''tier'''....''to learn'' → '''<u>ke</u>tier'''....''to be interested in'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>ke</u>bier'''....''to choose'' ::* '''pexer'''....''to catch'' → '''<u>ke</u>pexer'''....''to hunt'' === Expressing Lateral Actions with '''ku-''' === ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>ku</u>buxer'''....''to rebuff, shun'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ku</u>der'''....''to comment, remark'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to step'' → '''<u>ku</u>tyoper'''....''to step aside'' === Expressing Diagonal Actions with '''ki-''' === ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ki</u>teaxer'''....''to look askance at'' ::* '''tuxer'''....''to teach'' → '''<u>ki</u>tuxer'''....''to brainwash'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>ki</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>ki</u>pyoser'''....''to slip and fall'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>ki</u>per'''....''to slide'' === Expressing Near Actions with '''yub-'''=== ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>yub</u>der'''....''to intimate, hint'' ::* '''gexer'''....''to equate'' → '''<u>yub</u>gexer'''....''to approximate'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''<u>yub</u>bixer'''....''to attract, draw near'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yub</u>teaxer'''....''to scrutinize, examine'' === Expressing Distance Actions with '''yib-''' (''far, tele-'') === ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>yib</u>drer'''....''to wire, telegraph'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''<u>yi(b)</u>bixer'''....''to distract'' ::* '''tuier'''....''to communicate'' → '''<u>yib</u>tuier'''....''to telecommunicate'' ::* '''nyuxer'''....''to deliver'' → '''<u>yib</u>nyuxer'''....''to mail, post'' === Expressing ''up-, super-'' with '''yab-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ya(b)</u>ber'''....''to raise, to put up'' ::* '''bixler'''....''to drag'' → '''<u>ya(b)</u>bixler'''....''to dredge up'' ::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''<u>yab</u>uper'''....''to come up'' ::* '''nogyanxer'''....''to scale'' → '''<u>yab</u>nogyanxer'''....''to scale up, escalate'' === Expressing ''down-, sub-'' with '''yob-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>yo(b)</u>ber'''....''to lower, put down'' ::* '''kyaber'''....''to shift'' → '''<u>yob</u>kyaxer'''....''to downshift'' ::* '''musper'''....''to climb'' → '''<u>yob</u>musper'''....''to climb down'' ::* '''nogyanxer'''....''to scale'' → '''<u>yob</u>nogyanxer'''....''to downscale'' === Expressing ''in-'' with '''yeb-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ye(b)</u>ber'''....''to insert, put in'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>ye(b)</u>beler'''....''to import'' ::* '''uzber'''....''to bend'' → '''<u>yeb</u>uzber'''....''to inflect'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>yeb</u>yujber'''....''to enclose, include'' === Expressing ''out-, ex-, extra-'' with '''oyeb-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oye</u>ber'''....''to put out, expose'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>oye</u>beler'''....''to export'' ::* '''uber'''....''to send'' → '''<u>oyeb</u>uber'''....''to emit, send out'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>oyeb</u>yujber'''....''to exclude'' === Expressing ''pro-, forward'' with '''zay-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>zay</u>ber'''....''to advance, put forward'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>zay</u>kexer'''....''to scout out'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zay</u>puxer'''....''to propel, thrust'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>zay</u>tyoper'''....''to progress, to walk forward'' === Expressing ''back-, retro-, re-'' with '''zoy-''' === ::* '''uber'''....''to send'' → '''<u>zoy</u>ber'''....''to send back'' ::* '''kixer'''....''to bend'' → '''<u>zoy</u>kixer'''....''to reflect'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zoy</u>puxer'''....''to repel'' ::* '''neadper'''....''to track'' → '''<u>zoy</u>neadper'''....''to backtrack'' === Expressing ''across, trans-, over-, cross-'' with '''zey-''' === ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zey</u>per'''....''to cross, transit'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>zey</u>beler'''....''to transport, convey'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>zey</u>drer'''....''to transcribe'' ::* '''kyober'''....''to fix'' → '''<u>zey</u>kyober'''....''to transfix, transplant'' ::* '''vyayeker'''....''to check'' → '''<u>zey</u>vyayeker'''....''to crosscheck'' === Expressing ''through, per-'' with '''zye-''' === ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zye</u>per'''....''to permeate, get through'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>zye</u>kexer'''....''to rummage, sift through'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>zye</u>drer'''....''to cross out, draw a line through'' ::* '''iluer'''....''to pour'' → '''<u>zye</u>iluer'''....''to soak'' ::* '''koper'''....''to sneak'' → '''<u>zye</u>koper'''....''to sneak through'' === Expressing ''all over, widely, all about'' with '''zya-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>zya</u>ber'''....''to spread'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>zya</u>buer'''....''to distribute'' ::* '''ijber'''....''to open'' → '''<u>zya</u>ijber'''....''to open wide'' ::* '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' → '''<u>zya</u>nuxer'''....''to disburse'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zya</u>puxer'''....''to scatter, cast about'' === Expressing ''mid-, center'' with '''ze-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ze</u>ber'''....''to balance'' ::* '''byaser'''....''to stand'' → '''<u>ze</u>byaser'''....''to straddle'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ze</u>der'''....''to interject'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>ze</u>pyoser'''....''to sag'' ::* '''poxer'''....''to stop'' → '''<u>ze</u>poxer'''....''to interrupt'' === Expressing ''futurity'' with '''oj-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oj</u>ber'''....''to put off, postpone'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>oj</u>bier'''....''to borrow'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>oj</u>fer'''....''to wish, aspire'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>oj</u>texer'''....''to plan'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''<u>oj</u>teater'''....''to envision'' ::* '''vader'''....''to affirm'' → '''<u>oj</u>vader'''....''to promise'' === Expressing ''past'' with '''aj-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>aj</u>ber'''....''to pass, relegate to the past'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>aj</u>der'''....''to evoke, hearken, recount'' ::* '''embier'''....''to occupy'' → '''<u>aj</u>embier'''....''to haunt'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>aj</u>texer'''....''to reminisce, to reflect'' ::* '''uvtosder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>aj</u>uvtosder'''....''to apologize'' ::* '''nexer'''....''to store'' → '''<u>aj</u>nexer'''....''to archive'' === Expressing ''present'' with '''ej-''' === ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>ej</u>buer'''....''to present'' ::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' → '''<u>ej</u>eser'''....''to attend, to be present'' ::* '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' → '''<u>ej</u>nuxer'''....''to pay cash'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>ej</u>tuer'''....''to update'' ::* '''uvtosder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>ej</u>uvtosder'''....''to apologize'' === Expressing a stretched out action with '''yag-''' (''long'') === ::* '''beser'''....''to stay'' → '''<u>yag</u>beser'''....''to linger'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''<u>yag</u>bexer'''....''to conserve, preserve'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>yag</u>daler'''....''to ramble'' ::* '''dodaler'''....''to orate'' → '''<u>yag</u>dodaler'''....''to harangue'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>yag</u>fer'''....''to yearn, pine'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yag</u>teaxer'''....''to stare'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>yag</u>fer'''....''to yearn, pine'' === Expressing a brief action with '''yog-''' (''short'') === ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>yog</u>drer'''....''to abbreviate'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yog</u>teaxer'''....''to glance at'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' → '''<u>yog</u>tujer'''....''to snooze, nap'' ::* '''gobler'''....''to cut'' → '''<u>yog</u>gobler'''....''to cut short, truncate'' === Some Hybrid Prefixes === The prefix '''kui-''' is a hybrid of '''ku-''' (''lateral'') and '''ki-''' (''diagonal'') ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>kui</u>per'''....''to wobble'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>kui</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' The prefix '''zao-''' is a truncated hybrid of '''zay-''' (''forward'') and '''zoy-''' (''backwards''), eg: ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>zao</u>baser'''....''to rock'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zao</u>per'''....''to alternate'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>kui</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>kui</u>pyoser'''....''to pendulate'' The prefix '''yaob-''' is a hybrid of '''yab-''' (''up'') and '''yob-''' (''down''). The final '''b-''' is assimilated or dropped before a '''b''' or '''p'''. ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>yao</u>baser'''....''to bob'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>yao</u>per'''....''to heave'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>yao</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''peper'''....''to ride'' → '''<u>yao</u>peper'''....''to jounce'' ::* '''puser'''....''to jump'' → '''<u>yao</u>puser'''....''to hop, bounce'' The prefix '''bui-''' is a hybrid of '''bu-''' (''to'') and '''bi-''' (''from''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>bui</u>drer'''....''to correspond'' ::* '''-er'''....''to x'' → '''<u>bui</u>er'''....''to trade'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>bui</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>bui</u>xer'''....''to push and pull, spring'' ::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' → '''<u>bui</u>poper'''....''to travel to and fro, travel round trip'' The prefix '''uiz-''' is a hybrid of '''uz-''' (''crooked'') and '''iz-''' (''straight''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>uiz</u>drer'''....''to squiggle'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>uiz</u>der'''....''to equivocate'' ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>uiz</u>baser'''....''to wiggle, to squirm'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>uiz</u>per'''....''to careen, reel'' ::* '''paser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>uiz</u>paser'''....''to swerve, yaw'' The prefix '''zui-''' is a hybrid of '''zu-''' (''left'') and '''zi-''' (''right''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>uiz</u>drer'''....''to squiggle'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>zui</u>buxer'''....''to push around'' ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>zui</u>baser'''....''to sway, totter'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zui</u>per'''....''to zigzag'' ::* '''pasler'''....''to shake'' → '''<u>zui</u>pasler'''....''to wobble'' The prefix '''aoyeb-''' is a hybrid of '''(a)yeb-''' (''in'') and '''oyeb-''' (''out''), eg: ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>aoye</u>ber'''....''to insert and extract'' ::* '''tiexer'''....''to breathe'' → '''<u>aoye</u>tiexer'''....''to breath in and out'' ::* '''paper'''....''to fly'' → '''<u>aoye</u>paper'''....''to fly in and out'' The prefix '''aob-''' is a hybrid of '''ab-''' (''on'') and '''ob-''' (''off''), eg: ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ao</u>ber'''....''to put on and off'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>ao</u>per'''....''to get on and off, embark and disembark'' The prefix '''vao-''' is a hybrid of '''va-''' (''yes'') and '''vo-''' (''no''), eg: ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vao</u>der'''....''to decide'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>vao</u>daler'''....''to waffle'' ::* '''duder'''....''to answer'' → '''<u>vao</u>duder'''....''to answer yes or no'' ::* '''kyaxer'''....''to change'' → '''<u>vao</u>kyaxer'''....''to redact'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>vao</u>texer'''....''to deliberate, vacillate'' The prefix '''uij''' is a hybrid of '''uj-''' (''end'') and '''ij-''' (''begin'') ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>uij</u>ber'''....''to switch off and on'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>uij</u>daler'''....''to stutter'' The prefix '''yuij''' is a hybrid of '''yuj-''' (''close'') and '''yij-''' (''open'') ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>yuij</u>ber'''....''to open and close, blink'' The prefix '''huim''' is a hybrid of '''hum''' (''there'') and '''him''' (''there'') ::* '''paper'''....''to fly'' → '''<u>huim</u>paper'''....''to fly here and yon'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>huim</u>per'''....''to wander'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>huim</u>kexer'''....''to search high and low'' === Different Nuances of '''teaxer''' with Prefixes === <div style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}}; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|3}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}};font-size:smaller;";> ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look, behold, regard'' ::* '''aybteaxer'''....''to supervise, look over'' ::* '''ajteaxer'''....''to look back on (retrospect)'' ::* '''eynteaxer'''....''to squint'' ::* '''fizteaxer'''....''to respect'' ::* '''fuzteaxer'''....''to disrespect'' ::* '''gawteaxer'''....''to review, re-look'' ::* '''hyuitteaxer'''....''to look at one another'' ::* '''ibteaxer'''....''to ignore'' ::* '''igteaxer'''....''to glance, glimpse'' ::* '''ifteaxer'''....''to marvel at'' ::* '''izteaxer'''....''to view directly, confront, aim'' ::* '''jateaxer'''....''to preview'' ::* '''jeteaxer'''....''to watch, observe'' ::* '''joteaxer'''....''to review'' ::* '''kateaxer'''....''to look for'' ::* '''keteaxer'''....''to scan'' ::* '''kiteaxer'''....''to look askance'' ::* '''koteaxer'''....''to peek, spy'' ::* '''kozyeteaxer'''....''to peep'' ::* '''kozyoteaxer'''....''to peer'' ::* '''kuteaxer'''....''to observe'' ::* '''kyeteaxer'''....''to browse'' ::* '''kyoteaxer'''....''to stare, glare'' ::* '''oteaxer'''....''to ignore, overlook'' ::* '''ufteaxer'''....''to glare, leer'' ::* '''ugteaxer'''....''to gaze'' ::* '''yagteaxer'''....''to gape, gawk'' ::* '''yebteaxer'''....''to inspect'' ::* '''yibteaxer'''....''to view from afar'' ::* '''yogteaxer'''....''to glance at'' ::* '''yokteaxer'''....''to get a glimpse of'' ::* '''yubteaxer'''....''to examine'' ::* '''yuibteaxer'''....''to look near and far'' ::* '''yuzteaxer'''....''to look around, circumspect'' ::* '''yanteaxer'''....''to view together'' ::* '''yizteaxer'''....''to look beyond, overlook'' ::* '''vyateaxer'''....''to investigate, check out'' ::* '''vyoteaxer'''....''to view wrongly'' ::* '''zateaxer'''....''to face, confront'' ::* '''zayteaxer'''....''to look ahead, expect'' ::* '''zoyteaxer'''....''to look back'' ::* '''zeyteaxer'''....''to look across'' ::* '''ziteaxer'''....''to look to the right'' ::* '''zuteaxer'''....''to look to the left'' ::* '''zuiteaxer'''....''to look right and left'' ::* '''zyateaxer'''....''to look all over, survey'' ::* '''zyeteaxer'''....''to look through, peruse'' ::* '''zyoteaxer'''....''to squint'' ::* '''yobteaxer'''....''to look down'' ::* '''yaobteaxer'''....''to look up and down'' ::* '''zaoteaxer'''....''to look back and forth'' ::* '''yabteaxer'''....''to look up'' ::* '''yubketeaxer'''....''to pry'' ::* '''uzteaxer'''....''to look indirectly at'' ::* '''oyebteaxer'''....''to look out'' ::* '''ojteaxer'''....''to peer into the future'' ::* '''marteaxer'''....''to star-gaze'' ::* '''tabteaxer'''....''to autopsy'' </div> == Modal Verbs == : Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are usually followed by the main verb in the infinitive or a subjunctive dependent clause and have to do with wanting, permitting, prohibiting, being able, being unable, needing, being obliged to do something, etc. ==== Principal Modal Auxiliary Verbs ==== [[File:Ladies Should Listen poster.jpg|thumb|]] : Mirad has a set of modal auxiliary verbs that can be followed by a main verb in the infinitive mode. This is very much like English modal auxiliary verbs in the following examples: ::* ''I <u>want</u> to go.'' ::* ''You <u>must</u> wait.'' ::* ''You <u>may</u> stay.'' ::* ''I <u>dare</u> say.'' : Here is a chart showing the main modal auxiliary verbs in Mirad: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Principle Modal Auxiliary Verbs |- ! Type !! Positive !! Negative |- ! Permission | '''afer'''....''may''<br>'''ayfer'''....''might'' || '''ofer'''....''may not''<br>'''oyfer'''....''might not'' |- ! Ability | '''yafer'''....''can''||'''yofer'''....''cannot'' |- ! Need | '''efer'''....''need to'' || |- ! Obligation | '''yefer'''....''must''<br>'''yeyfer'''....''should'' ||'''oyefer'''....''must not''<br>'''oyeyfer'''....''should not'' |- ! Desire | '''fer'''....''want to'' || |- ! Enjoyment | '''ifer'''....''love to, enjoy''<br>'''iyfer'''....''like to'' || '''ufer'''....''hate to''<br>'''uyfer'''....''dislike to'' |- ! Courage |'''yifer'''....''dare to'' || '''yufer'''....''be afraid to, fear'' |- ! Liberty | '''yiver'''....''have a right to, be free to'' || '''yuver'''....''be bound to, be supposed to'' |- ! Expectation | '''yaker'''....''expect to'' || '''yoker'''....''be surprised to'' |- ! Conation | '''yeker'''....''try to'' || |- ! Difficulty | '''yiker'''....''to find it hard to'' || '''yuker'''....''to find it easy to'' |} : These modal auxiliary verbs are often followed by a verbal infinitive, as in the following examples: ::* '''At fe <u>ter</u>.'''....''I want <u>to know</u>.'' ::* '''Wit yifa <u>yeper</u>.'''....''He dared <u>to enter</u>.'' ::* '''Yat yafe <u>teater</u> yet.'''....''We can <u>see</u> you.'' ::* '''Duven et yaka <u>aker</u>?'''....''Did you expect <u>to win</u>?'' ::* '''Diwe yeku <u>xer</u> ga fi.'''....''Please try <u>to do</u> better.'' : If the modal verb is in the hypothetical aspect (conditional), then the sense is somewhat mitigated, as in these examples: :* '''At <u>fe</u> per.'''....''I <u>want</u> to go.'' :* '''At <u>fu</u> per.'''....''I <u>would</u> like to go.'' :* '''Et <u>yafe</u> aker.'''....''You <u>can</u> win.'' :* '''Et <u>yafu</u> aker.'''....''You <u>could</u> win.'' :* '''Yet <u>yefe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>must</u> leave.'' :* '''Yet <u>yefu</u> iper.'''....''You <u>ought</u> to leave.'' : Post-y-gliding the stem vowel of the modal verb also reduces the strength, for example: :* '''At <u>ife</u> et.''' ....''I <u>love</u> you.'' :* '''At <u>iyfe</u> et.''' ....''I <u>like</u> you.'' :* '''Et <u>yefe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>must</u> leave.'' :* '''Et <u>yeyfe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>should</u> leave.'' :* '''Iyt <u>yafe</u> aker.'''....''She <u>can</u> win.'' :* '''Iyt <u>yayfe</u> aker.'''....''She <u>might</u> win.'' :* '''At <u>ufa</u> uda tuz.'''....''I <u>hated</u> that art.'' :* '''At <u>uyfa</u> uda tuz.'''....''I <u>disliked</u> that art.'' : The use of '''l''' and '''r''' intensify the meaning of the auxiliary verbs, eg: :* '''Et <u>yuve</u> puer jwe.'''....''You <u>are supposed</u> to arrive on time.'' :* '''Et <u>yuvle</u> tepzexer.'''....''You <u>have</u> to pay attention.'' :* '''Et <u>yuvre</u> buer nas.'''....''You <u>absolutely must</u> give money.'' :* '''At <u>yeka</u> ser yeva.'''....''I <u>tried</u> to be fair.'' :* '''At <u>yekla</u> ujber jwa.'''....''I <u>strove</u> to finish early.'' :* '''At <u>yekra</u> nixer ga nas.'''....''I <u>struggled (= worked hard))</u> to earn more money.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ife</u> eker zyun.'''....''She <u>loves</u> to play ball.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ifla</u> teater et.'''....''She <u>was delighted</u> to see you.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ifre</u> teaper him.'''....''She <u>adores</u> visiting here.'' : Here are some examples showing how these modal verbs are used as auxiliaries: ::* '''Et <u>afe</u> oyeper ay ifeker.'''....''You <u>may</u> go out and play.'' ::* '''Yat <u>efa</u> tujer.'''....''We <u>needed</u> to sleep.'' ::* '''Ot <u>ofe</u> mavier him.'''....''One <u>is prohibited</u> to smoke here.'' ::* '''Mavier him <u>ofwe</u>.'''....''Smoking here is prohibited.'' ::* '''At <u>ife</u> dyeer.'''....''I <u>love</u> to read.'' ::* '''Duven et <u>fe</u> yeper?'''....''Do you <u>want</u> to come in?'' ::* '''At <u>fu</u> teaper et edjub.'''....''I <u>would like</u> to visit you some day.'' ::* '''It <u>ufaye hyaj</u> teaxwer.'''....''He <u>has always hated</u> being looked at.'' ::* '''Duven et <u>iyfe</u> per tilami?'''....''Do you <u>like</u> going to bars?'' ::* '''At <u>uyfe</u> tijer gra jwa.'''....''I <u>dislike</u> waking up too early.'' ::* '''Et <u>yafe</u> xer hyehos et fu.'''....''You <u>can</u> do whatever you like.'' ::* '''Et <u>yefer</u> xer ad vyaas.'''....''You <u>must</u> do the right thing.'' ::* '''Et <u>yeyfe</u> voy daler huuyen azay.'''....''You <u>should</u> not talk so loud.'' ::* '''At <u>yeyfa</u> ter ga fi.'''....''I <u>should have</u> known better.'' ::* '''At <u>voy yifu</u> der hyea fuas.'''....''I <u>would not dare</u> say anything bad.'' ::* '''<u>Von yufu</u> der hos et tesde.'''....''<u>Don't be afraid</u> to say what you mean.'' ::* '''Et <u>yive</u> dier yevanavdut.'''....''You <u>have a right</u> to ask for a lawyer.'' ::* '''Yat <u>voy yuvle</u> kyoejer.'''....''We <u>are not bound</u> to stick around.'' === Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms === :: All of these modal verbs can be passive, in which case they are "patient-oriented" rather than "subject-oriented." The participial adjective '''yafa'''....''able'' is subject-oriented and refers to a person, whereas the passived adjective '''yafwa'''....''possible'' is patient-oriented and refers to a thing or event. Here is a chart of the principal modal verbs and corresponding participial adjectives with this subject/object-orientation distinction shown: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms |- ! Modal Type || Subject-oriented !! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- ! !! Verb !! Adjective !! Verb !! Adjective |- !row=1| Permission | '''afer'''<br>''may'' || '''afa'''<br>''allowed'' || '''afwer'''<br>''be permitted'' || '''afwa'''<br>''permissable'' |- !row=1| Necessity | '''efer'''<br>''need'' || '''efa'''<br>''needful'' || '''efwer'''<br>''be necessary'' || '''efwa'''<br>''necessary, required'' |- !row=1| Prohibition | '''ofer'''<br>''be unallowed'' || '''ofa'''<br>''prohibited'' || '''ofwer'''<br>''be prohibited'' || '''ofwa'''<br>''banned'' |- !row=1| Possibility | '''yafer'''<br>''be able'' || '''yafa'''<br>''able'' || '''yafwer'''<br>''be possible'' || '''yafwa'''<br>''possible'' |- !row=1| Obligation | '''yefer'''<br>''must'' || '''yefa'''<br>''obliged'' || '''yefwer'''<br>''be obligatory'' || '''yefwa'''<br>''obligatory'' |- !row=1| Duty | '''yeyfer'''<br>''should'' || '''yeyfa'''<br>''supposed, duty-bound'' || '''yeyfwer'''<br>''be supposed'' || '''yeyfwa'''<br>''due'' |- !row=1| Impossibility | '''yofer'''<br>''be unable'' || '''yofa'''<br>''unable'' || '''yofwer'''<br>''be impossible'' || '''yofwa'''<br>''impossible'' |- !row=1| Volition | '''fer'''<br>''want'' || '''fa'''<br>''desirous'' || '''fwer'''<br>''be desirable'' || '''fwa'''<br>''desirable, wanted'' |- !row=1| Love | '''ifer'''<br>''love''<br>'''iyfer'''<br>''like'' || '''ifa'''<br>''enamored''<br>'''iyfa'''<br>''fond'' || '''ifwer'''<br>''be loved''<br>'''iyfwer'''<br>''be liked'' || '''ifwa'''<br>''lovable''<br>'''iyfwa'''<br>''likeable'' |- !row=1| Hate | '''ufer'''<br>''hate''<br>'''uyfer'''<br>''dislike'' || '''ufa'''<br>''averse''<br>'''uyfa'''<br>''displeased''|| '''ufwer'''<br>''be hated''<br>'''uyfwer'''<br>''be disliked'' || '''ufwa'''<br>''odious''<br>''unliked'' |- !row=1| Courage | '''yifer'''<br>''dare'' || '''yifa'''<br>''daring, brave'' || '''yifwer'''<br>''be safe'' || '''yifwa'''<br>''safe'' |- !row=1| Fear | '''yufer'''<br>''be afraid'' || '''yufa'''<br>''afraid'' || '''yufwer'''<br>''be a danger'' || '''yufwa'''<br>''frightening'' |- !row=1| Joy | '''iver'''<br>''enjoy'' || '''iva'''<br>''glad'' || '''ivwer'''<br>''be a joy'' || '''ivwa'''<br>''enjoyable'' |- !row=1| Sorrow | '''uver'''<br>''be sorry'' || '''uva'''<br>''sorry, sad'' || '''uvwer'''<br>''be a shame'' || '''uvwa'''<br>''regrettable'' |} : Examples of subject-oriented forms: ::* '''At se <u>yafa</u> xer hes.'''....''I <u>am capable of</u> doing anything.'' ::* '''Et <u>ofe</u> teater hia dyezun.'''....''You <u>are not allowed/are prohibited</u> to see this film.'' ::* '''Duven at <u>afe</u> per hum?'''....''Am I <u>allowed</u> to go there?'' ::* '''Yat <u>fu</u> ter eta dyun.'''....''We <u>would like</u> to know your name.'' ::* '''Piti <u>ufe</u> beser be mel.'''....''Fish <u>hate</u> to remain on dry land.'' ::* '''At ajay <u>ifa</u> dazer.'''....''I once <u>loved</u> to dance.'' ::* '''Et se iva, at <u>yife</u> der.'''....''You are beautiful, I <u>dare</u> say.'' ::* '''At <u>yeyfa</u> xer has ga ig.'''....''I <u>should</u> have done it sooner.'' ::* '''Von <u>yufu</u>; At yupeye.'''....''<u>Fear</u> not; I am coming.'' ::* '''Et <u>yefe</u> puer ja eymaj.'''....''You <u>must</u> arrive before noon.'' ::* '''Yet <u>yofe</u> daler je ha dezun.'''....''You people <u>must not</u> talk during the performance.'' ::* '''Yat <u>yeyfe</u> (= se <u>yeyfa</u>) aker.'''....''We should (= are <u>bound/supposed/due</u>) to win.'' ::* '''At <u>ive</u> teater et bakser.'''....''I<u>'m glad</u> to see you get better.'' ::* '''Su <u>iva</u>.'''....''Be <u>happy</u>.'' ::* '''At <u>uvu (= su uva)</u> teater et iper.'''....''I <u>would be sad</u> to see you leave.'' : Examples of patient-oriented forms: ::* '''<u>Afwe</u> (= se afwa) mavier him.'''....''<u>It is permissible</u> to smoke here.'' ::* '''<u>Ofwe</u> (= se ofwa*) puxer fyumul him.'''....''<u>It is prohibited</u> to throw litter here.'' ::* '''<u>Fwe</u> (= se fwa) van yet dolu.'''....''<u>It is desired</u> that you stop talking.'' ::* '''<u>Voy yafwe</u> beser him gajob.'''....''<u>It is not possible</u> to remain here any longer.'' ::* '''<u>Yofwa</u> av at ivteuder.'''....''<u>It was not possible</u> for me to laugh.'' ::* '''<u>Yefwe</u> van et piu ig.'''....''<u>It is essential</u> that you leave quickly.'' ::* '''He <u>yeyfwe</u> ober ata tyoyafi?'''....''Is <u>it obligatory</u> to remove my shoes?'' ::* '''Ga yux <u>efwo</u>.'''....''More help <u>will be needed</u>.'' ::* '''Yuxren se <u>ufwa</u> xetyen.'''....''Slavery is an <u>odious</u> practice.'' ::* '''<u>Uvwe</u> van wit oka.'''....''<u>It's a shame</u> that he lost.'' :: *<small>'''lofwa''' is used for ''unwanted'' for disambiguation purposes.</small> === Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems === : Various causative verbs can be formed from modal stems, as shown in the chart below: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems |- ! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- | '''afxer'''....''allow'' (someone to do sthg.) || '''afwaxer'''....''permit'' (something to be done) |- | '''efxer'''....''require'' || '''efwaxer'''....''necessitate'' |- | '''ofxer'''....''prohibit'' || '''ofwaxer'''....''prohibit'' |- | '''yafxer'''....''enable'' || '''yafwaxer'''....''make possible'' |- | '''yefxer'''....''oblige'' || '''yefwaxer'''....''make obligatory'' |- | '''yofxer'''....''cripple'' || '''yofwaxer'''....''disable'' |- | '''yifxer'''....''embolden'' || '''yifwaxer'''....''make safe'' |- | '''yufxer'''....''intimidate'' || '''yufwaxer'''....''make frightening'' |- | '''ifxer'''....''please'' || '''ifwaxer'''....''make pleasant'' |} === Creating Modal Verbs and Adjectives with Modal Stem Suffixes === : Verb stems can be suffixed with modal participles to produce related modal verbs and adjectives. The first chart shows the modal participles themselves that can be suffixed to verb stems. Subject-oriented forms refer only to people, while patient-oriented forms (ending in '''-wa''') refer only to things. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Modal Suffixes |- ! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- | '''-yafa'''....''able to X, -able'' || '''-yafwa'''....''possible to X'' |- | '''-yofa'''....''unable to X'' || '''-yofwa'''....''impossible to X'' |- | '''-ifa'''....''fond of Xing, Xophile'' || '''-ifwa'''....''enjoyable to X'' |- | '''-ufa'''....''averse to Xing, Xophobic'' ||'''-ufwa'''....''unenjoyable to X'' |- | '''-yika'''....''hard of Xing'' || '''-yikwa'''....''hard to X'' |- | '''-yuka'''....''comfortable/easy Xing'' || '''-yukwa'''....''easy to X'' |- | '''-yaka'''....''expecting to X'' || '''yakwa'''....''expected/likely to X'' |- | '''-efa'''....''in need of Xing'' || '''-efwa'''....''necessary to X'' |- | '''-yefa'''....''obliged to X'' || '''-yefwa'''....''obligatory/due to X'' |- | '''-yufa'''....''afraid of Xing'' || '''-yufwa'''....''frightening to X'' |} : This table shows some of these modal suffixes applied to actual verb and noun stems: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Modals and Orientation |- ! Orientation !! Positive Adjective !! Positive Verb !! Negative Adjective !! Negative Verb |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''teatyafa'''<br>''able to see, sighted'' || '''teatyafer'''<br>''be able to see'' || '''teatyofa'''<br>''blind'' || '''teatyofer'''<br>''be blind'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''teatyafwa'''<br>''visible'' || '''teatyafwer'''<br>''be visible'' || '''teatyofwa'''<br>''invisible'' || '''teatyofwer'''<br>''be invisible'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''teetyafa'''<br>''able to hear, hearing'' || '''teetyafer'''<br>''be able to hear'' || '''teetyofa'''<br>''deaf'' || '''teatyofer'''<br>''be deaf'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''teetyafwa'''<br>''audible'' || '''teetyafwer'''<br>''be audible'' || '''teeyofwa'''<br>''inaudible'' || '''teeyofwer'''<br>''be inaudiable'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''dalyafa'''<br>''able to speak'' || '''dalyafer'''<br>''be able to speak'' || '''dalyofa'''<br>''mute, dumb'' || '''dalyofer'''<br>''be mute, dumb'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''doabifa'''<br>''patriotic'' || '''doabifer'''<br>''be patriotic'' || '''doabufa'''<br>''rebellious'' || '''doabufer'''<br>''rebel'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tosyafa'''<br>''sensitive'' || '''tosyafer'''<br>''be able to feel'' || '''tosyofa'''<br>''insensitive'' || '''tosyofer'''<br>''be numbed'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''tayotyafwa'''<br>''palpable'' || '''tayotyafwer'''<br>''be palpable'' || '''tayotyofwa'''<br>''numb'' || '''tayotyofwer'''<br>''be impalbable, numb'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''testyukwa'''<br>''easy to understand'' || '''testyukwaxer'''<br>''make easily understood'' || '''testyikwa'''<br>''hard to understand'' || '''testyikwaxer'''<br>''make hard to understand'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tudyaka'''<br>''pregnant, expecting'' || '''tudyaker'''<br>''be expecting''|| || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' |'''mamilyakwa'''<br>''likely to rain'' || '''mamilyakwer'''<br>''to be expected to rain''|| '''mamilyokwa'''<br>''unlikely to rain''|| '''mamilyokwer'''<br>''to be unlikely to rain'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tilefa'''<br>''thirsty'' || '''tilefer'''<br>''be thirsty'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''telefa'''<br>''hungry'' || '''telefer'''<br>''be hungry'' || || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''tejefwa'''<br>''vital'' || '''tejefwer'''<br>''be vital'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tujefa'''<br>''sleepy'' || '''tujefer'''<br>''be sleepy'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''nasefa'''<br>''poor, needy'' || '''nasefer'''<br>''be needy'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''dudyefa'''<br>''accountable, responsible'' || '''dudyefer'''<br>''be responsible'' || || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''texiyefwa'''<br>''noteworthy'' || '''texiyefwer'''<br>''be noteworthy'' || || |} == Sensing Verbs == : Verbs involving the senses, such as sight or hearing, follow a similar pattern, as the following chart shows: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Sensing Verbs |- valign=top ! TYPE !! '''teab'''....''eye''<br>'''teata'''....''visual'' !! '''teeb'''....''ear''<br>'''teeta'''....''acoustic'' !! '''teib'''....''nose''<br>'''teita'''....''olfactory'' !! '''teub'''....''mouth''<br>'''teuta'''....''gustatory'' !! '''tayob'''....''skin''<br>'''tayota'''....''tactile'' |- valign=top !row=1| Receptive<br>Active | '''teater'''<br>''see'' || '''teeter'''<br>''hear'' || '''teiter'''<br>''smell'' || '''teuter'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoter'''<br>''feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Receptive<br>Passive | '''teatwer'''<br>''be seen'' || '''teetwer'''<br>''be heard'' || '''teitwer'''<br>''be smelled'' || '''teutwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayotwer'''<br>''be felt'' |- valign=top !row=1| Stative | '''teaser'''<br>''seem'' || '''teeser'''<br>''sound'' || '''teiser'''<br>''smell'' || '''teuser'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoser'''<br>''feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Dynamic<br>Active | '''teaxer'''<br>''look at'' || '''teexer'''<br>''listen'' || '''teixer'''<br>''sniff'' || '''teuxer'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoxer'''<br>''touch'' |- valign=top !row=1| Dynamic<br>Passive | '''teaxwer'''<br>''be looked at'' || '''teexwer'''<br>''be listened to'' || '''teixwer'''<br>''be sniffed'' || '''teuxwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayoxwer'''<br>''be touched'' |- valign=top !row=1| Causative<br>Active | '''teatuer'''<br>''show'' || '''teetuer'''<br>''make hear'' || '''teixuer'''<br>''make smell'' || '''teuxuer'''<br>''offer a taste'' || '''tayoxuer'''<br>''make feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Causative<br>Passive | '''teatuwer'''<br>''be shown'' || '''teetuwer'''<br>''be made to hear'' || '''teituwer'''<br>''be made to smell'' || '''teutuwer'''<br>''be given a taste'' || '''tayotuwer'''<br>''be made to feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Inchoative<br>Active | '''teatier'''<br>''perceive,''<br>''catch sight of'' || '''teetier'''<br>''catch the<br>sound of'' || '''teitier'''<br>''get a whiff of'' || '''teutuer'''<br>''get a taste of'' || '''tayotier'''<br>''get the sensation of'' |- valign=top !row=1| Inchoative<br>Passive | '''teatiwer'''<br>''be perceived'' || '''teetiwer'''<br>''be heard'' || '''teitiwer'''<br>''be whiffed'' || '''teutiwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayotiwer'''<br>''be felt'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Stative | '''teatyofer'''<br>''be blind'' || '''teetyofer'''<br>''be deaf'' || '''teityofer'''<br>''be unable to smell'' || '''teityofer'''<br>''be unable to taste'' || '''tayotyofer'''<br>''be insensitive'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Stative | '''teatyofwer'''<br>''be invisible'' || '''teetyofwer'''<br>''be inaudible'' || '''teityofwer'''<br>''be undetectable<br>odorwise'' || '''teityofwer'''<br>''be insipid'' || '''tayotyofwer'''<br>''be undetectable<br>by touch'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Causative | '''teatyofxer'''<br>''blind'' || '''teetyofxer'''<br>''deafen'' || '''teityofxer'''<br>''desensitize<br>to smell'' || '''teutyofxer'''<br>''desensitize to<br>taste'' || '''tayotyofxer'''<br>''desensitize'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Causative | '''teatyofwaxer'''<br>''make invisible'' || '''teetyofwaxer'''<br>''make inaudible'' || '''teityofwaxer'''<br>''make odorless'' || '''teutyofwaxer'''<br>''render tasteless'' || '''tayotyofwaxer'''<br>''numb'' |} : Examples of usage: :* '''At <u>teatyofxwa</u> bey ha mani.'''....''I <u>was blinded</u> by the lights.'' :* '''Ha xeus sa <u>teetyofxyea</u>.'''....''The noise was <u>deafening</u>.'' :* '''Hia tit se gla <u>teatiyafa</u>.'''....''This pupil is very <u>perceptive</u>.'' :* '''Hua bekil se <u>teityofwa</u>.'''....''That medicine is <u>odorless</u> (impossible to smell).'' :* '''<u>Teatyofwaxu</u> ha vyuni.'''....''<u>Make</u> the spots <u>invisible</u>.'' :* '''Ha magmemyaz yonpyexlun <u>tayotyafwa</u> zya ha mir.'''....''The volcano eruption <u>could be felt</u> throughout the world.'' == Frequentative Verbs == :Frequentative verbs or repetitive action verbs can be formed with the prefix '''je-'''. This prefix gives the verb the meaning ''to keep on doing something''. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Frequentative Verbs |- ! Normal !! Frequentative |- | '''teaxer'''....''to look''||'''<u>je</u>teaxer'''....''to watch'' |- | '''bexer'''....''to hold''||'''<u>je</u>bexer'''....''to conserve'' |- | '''byexer'''....''to hit''||'''<u>je</u>byexer'''....''to batter'' |- | '''zoigper'''....''to pursue''||'''<u>je</u>zoigper'''....''to stalk'' |- | '''duler'''....''to urge'' || '''<u>je</u>duler'''....''to nag'' |} == Hybridized Verbs == : Verbs that involve motion directions that change back and forth can be formed by hybridizing the stem vowel or the vowel of the vectorial prefix. Here are some examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Hybridized Verbs |- ! First Verb !! Second Verb !! Hybridized Verb |- | '''py<u>a</u>ser'''....''jump up''|| '''py<u>o</u>ser'''....''fall down'' || '''py<u>ao</u>ser'''....''bounce, undulate'' |- | '''buer'''....''give'' || '''bier'''....''take'' || '''buier'''....''exchange'' |- | '''nuer'''....''furnish'' || '''nier'''....''consume'' || '''nuier'''....''trade'' |- | '''tuer'''....''inform'' || '''tier'''....''learn'' || '''tuier'''....''communicate'' |- | '''yaper'''....''ascend'' || '''yoper'''....''descend'' || '''yaoper'''....''go up and down'' |- | '''zayper'''....''go forward'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back'' || '''zaoper'''....''vacillate'' |- | '''vader'''....''affirm'' || '''voder'''....''deny'' || '''vaoder'''....''decide'' |- | '''yijber'''....''open'' || '''yujber'''....''close'' || '''uijber'''....''valve'' |- | '''baser'''....''stir'' || '''boser'''....''be still'' || '''baoser'''....''vibrate'' |} == Expressing Habitual Actions and States == : Mirad uses the term '''gel jubyen''' (''as a habit'') to express a verb reflecting habitual action, eg: ::* '''At tijeya be yiwa jwobi gel jubyen.'''....''I used to wake up at 9 o'clock.'' (Lit. ''I was waking up at 9 o'clock as a habit.''). : The term '''hyujod'''....''one another occasion'' (or '''be aj'''....''in the past'') is use to express ''once (upon a time)'', eg: ::* '''At sa tuxut hyujod (~ be aj) sa tuxut.''' ....''I once was a teacher.'' : The term '''vyabxelay''' (''routinely'') can also be used, eg: ::* '''Yat eke duz yuz bi ha doym vyabxelay.'''....''We play music around town routinely.'' == Expressing an Immediate Past == : To express an immediate past, such as in the sentence ''"We have just gotten married."'', Mirad uses the adverb '''ejnay''' (''newly'') much like the word ''just'' in English: ::* '''Yat tadsaye <u>ejnay</u>.'''....''We have <u>just</u> gotten married.'' ::* '''<u>Ejnay</u> tadxwa.'''....''<u>Just</u> married.'' ::* '''Wit dokebiwa <u>ejnay</u>.'''....''He was <u>just</u> elected.'' ::* '''At ujbaya yex <u>ejnay</u> hoj iyt yebupa.'''....''I had <u>just</u> finished work when she came in.'' == Verb Predicate Types == : Mirad verb predicates can be classified as follows: :* '''''Voice''''' ::* Active (The subject is the doer of the action) ::* Passive (The subject is the receiver of the action) ::* Middle (The subject is both the agent and patient) ::* Reflexive (The subject is also the patient.) ::* Reciprocal (Plural subjects interact.) :* '''''Stativity''''' ::* Stative (Does not involve action) ::* Dynamic (Action is involved) :* '''''Valency''''' ::* Impersonal (There is no subject) ::* Transitive (There is an object) ::* Intransitive (There is no object) ::* Auto-transitive (The subject is a patient and there is no agent) ::* Anti-transitive (There is the patient but an agent is assumed) ::* Causative (Subject causes an action to be performed) ::* Copula (X is Y) :* '''''Other''''' ::* Modal (''can, must, should, wants to''...) ::* Auxiliary (''help to, hope to, prepare to'' + verb) ::* Motion (''run, go, ride''...) ::* Communication (''say, answer, claim that...'') ::* Gesture (''put, shake, hit...'') ::* State/Stative (''be, become, live, be born...'') ::* Action/Dynamic (''do, act, make'') {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightYellow;;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Predicate Types |- ! Voice !! Stativity!! Valency !! Example |- | active || stative || impersonal, -agent, -object || '''Mamilo zajub.'''....''It will rain tomorrow.'' |- | active || stative || impersonal, -agent, +complement || '''Sa gla oma.'''....''It was very cold.'' |- | active || stative || impersonal, +subject || '''Ese het be ha mes.'''....''There is someone at the door.'' |- | active || stative || copula, subject + noun/adjective complement || '''Et se ata twud.'''....''You are my son.''<br>'''At aseye ebbyextipa.'''....''I am becoming angry.'' |- | middle || stative || auto-transitive, +subject=patient -agent -object || '''Iyt toja.'''....''She died'' |- | middle || stative || auto-transitive, +subject=patient +agent -object || '''Ha mes yija.'''....''The door opened.'' |- | active || stative || intransitive, +subject -object|| '''Et bokso.'''....''You will get sick.'' |- | active || stative || transitive, sense, +subject +object || '''At teate et.'''....''I see you.'' |- | active || stative || transitive, modal, +subject +verb complement || '''At fe per.'''....''I want to go.'' |- | active || stative || intransitive, subject-oriented modal, -subject +verb complement || '''Yofwe teater.'''....''It is impossible to see.'' |- | passive || stative || patient-oriented modal, +subject || '''Mamil yakwe.'''....''Rain is expected.'' |- | middle || dynamic || anti-transitive, +subject=patient +agent -object || '''Ha mes yijpa.'''....''The door came open.'' |- | active || dynamic || intransitive, +subject -object|| '''Ha fab pyosa.'''....''The tree fell.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, +subject +-object || '''Yit pyoxa ha fab.'''....''They felled the tree.'' |- | passive || dynamic || intransitive, +subject, -object || '''Ha fabi pyoxwa.'''....''The trees were felled.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, +subject, +object|| '''Obu eta tef.'''....''Take your hat off.'' |- | active || dynamic || ditransitive, +subject, +object +object || '''Von et buu iyt ha nas.'''....''Don't give her the money.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, motion, +subject, +destination/origin || '''Yupu ha seem.'''....''Approach the bench.''<br>'''Pu tam!'''....''Go home!'' (''you'' implied) |- | active || dynamic || causative, +subject +object, +agent || '''At tayegobluxo Jon.'''....''I will get my hair cut by John.'' |- | passive || dynamic || causative, +subject +object, +agent || '''At tayegobluxwo.'''....''I will get my hair cut.'' |- | active || dynamic || auxiliary, ditransitive, +patient +verb object || '''Yuxu at xer his.'''....''Help me do this.'' |- | passive || dynamic || auxiliary, ditransitive, +patient +verb object || '''At tuxwa eker duz.'''....''I was taught to play music.'' |- | middle || dynamic || reflexive, +subject = patient, -object || '''Iyt uttojba.'''....''She killed herself.'' |- | active || dynamic || reciprocal, +subjects = patients || '''Yit voy hyuitdale gaj.'''....''They don't talk to one another anymore.'' |} <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronouns|Prepositions}}</noinclude> am08sumnx8d1ccicq8ntzks41a4nj2s 4673507 4673486 2026-10-01T18:00:46Z Tyoyafud 6233 /* Verb Stem Formants */ 4673507 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude> == The Verb Stem == [[File:Various forms of using the verb "to inform" in LSC.png|thumb|]] : Verbs in Mirad are listed in the dictionary under the present active infinitive (see [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Non-finite Forms]]), such as '''yexer'''....''to work''. The infinitive minus the '''er''' ending is the stem. The stem is used as the base for all other verbal instantiations. The infinitive as listed in the dictionary is usually active in voice, but occasionally a passive infinitive ending in '''-wer''' will be lexicalized because it is somehow special, so then, the stem is still the infinitive minus the '''-er''' ending. All Mirad verbs are conjugated in the same way and there are no exceptions. : This shows how to determine the '''''stem''''' of a verb listed in the dictionary: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Stems |- ! Simple Infinitive !! Stem<big>+</big>Infinitive Ending |- | '''yex<u>er</u>'''....''to work'' || '''yex<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''pos<u>er</u>'''....''to (come to a) stop'' || '''pos<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''x<u>er</u>'''....''to do'' || '''x<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''xw<u>er</u>'''....''to happen, be done'' (PASSIVE)|| '''xw<big>+</big>er''' |} === Verb Stem Formants === : A verb stem formant is a letter or group of letters at the end of a verb stem indicating: ::* '''TYPE OF VERB''': stative, causative, gestural, related to motion, communications, or mental states and activites ::* '''CERTAIN TRAITS''': active, passive, subject-oriented, patient-oriented, dynamic, intensive : The stems of most verbs end in one of the following verb formants: ::* '''s''' as in '''ser'''....''to be(come)'', <u>intransitive</u> verbs of being or becoming :::* '''aser'''....''to become'' :::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' :::* '''beser'''....''to stay'' :::* '''kyaser'''....''to change'' ::* '''x''' as in '''xer'''....''to do'', <u>transitive</u> verbs of action, doing, making, causation :::* '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' < '''aga'''....''big'' :::* '''uxer'''....''to cause'' < '''ux'''....''cause'' :::* '''yiklaxer'''....''to complicate'' < '''yikla'''....''complex'' :::* '''sanxer'''....''to form'' < '''san'''....''form'' ::* '''b''' as in '''ber'''....''to put'', transitive verbs of gesturing or putting :::* '''yaber'''....''to raise'' < '''yab'''....''up'' :::* '''yixber'''....''to put to use, deploy'' < '''yix'''....''use'' :::* '''ikber'''....''to fill'' < '''ik(a)'''....''full'' :::* '''abkyober''''....to affix'' < '''ab'''....''on'' + '''kyo(a)'''....''fixed'' ::* '''p''' as in '''per'''....''to go'', intransitive verbs of motion :::* '''aper'''....''to get on'' < '''a(b)'''....''on'' :::* '''uper'''....''to come'' < '''u(b)'''....''toward'' :::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' < '''po(p)'''....''trip'' :::* '''yaper'''....''to rise, get up'' < '''ya(b)'''....''up'' ::* '''d''' as in '''der'''....''to say'', transitive verbs of communication :::* '''gawder'''....''to repeat'' < '''gaw-'''....''re-'' :::* '''kyider'''....''to emphasize'' < '''kyi(a)'''....''heavy'' :::* '''afder'''....''to authorize'' < '''af'''....''permission'' :::* '''lofivader'''....''to disapprove'' < '''lo-'''....''dis-'' + '''fi(a)'''....''good'' + '''va'''....''yes'' :::* '''yevder'''....''to judge'' < '''yev(a)'''....''just'' :::* '''vyader'''....''to avow'' < '''vya(a)'''....''true'' ::* '''dr''' as in '''drer'''....''to write'', transitive verbs of writing :::* '''makdrer'''....''to text'' < '''mak'''....''electricity'' :::* '''Miradrer'''....''to write in Mirad'' < '''Mirad''' :::* '''monsandrer'''....''to ghostwrite'' < '''mon'''....''dark'' + '''san'''....''shape'' :::* '''ajdindrer'''....''to chronicle'' < '''aj'''....''past''....'''din'''....''story'' = ''history'' :::* '''abdrer'''....''to inscribe'' < '''ab'''....''on'' ::* '''t''' as in '''ter'''....''to know or see'', transitive verbs of mental states :::* '''teater'''....''to see'' < '''tea(b)'''....''eye'' :::* '''tayoter'''....''to feel'' < '''tayo(b)'''....''skin'' :::* '''tester'''....''to understand'' < '''tes'''....''meaning'' :::* '''nazter'''....''to value, to appreciate'' < '''naz'''....''value'' ::* '''tr''' as in '''trer'''....''to know (a person)'', transitive verbs of recognition :::* '''gawtrer'''....''to recognize'' < '''gaw-'''....''re-'' :::* '''ijtrer'''....''to get to know'' < '''ij'''....''start'' :::* '''yagtrer'''....''to experience'' < '''yag(a)'''....''long'' ::* '''ty''' as in '''tyer'''....''to know (how)'', transitive know-how verbs :::* '''daztyer'''....''to know how to dance'' < '''daz'''....''dance'' :::* '''deuztyer'''....''to know how to sing'' < '''deuz'''....''song'' :::* '''fiktyer'''....''to master'' < '''fik(a)'''....''perfect'' ::* '''i''' as in '''bier'''....''to take'', subject-directed verbs :::* '''tier'''....''to find out'' < '''t-'''....''know'' :::* '''dier'''....''to request'' < '''d-'''....''say'' :::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' < '''if'''....''pleasure'' :::* '''nier'''....''to consume'' < '''n-'''....''money'' :::* '''nazier'''....''to deserve'' < '''naz'''....''value'' :::* '''pier'''....''to depart'' < '''p-'''.....''go'' ::* '''u''' as in '''buer'''....''to give'', patient-directed verbs :::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' < '''t-'''....''know'' :::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' < '''d-'''....''say'' :::* '''ifuer'''....''to please'' < '''if'''....''pleasure'' :::* '''nuer'''....''to supply'' < '''n-'''....''money'' :::* '''nazuer'''....''to reward'' < '''naz'''....''value'' :::* '''puer'''....''to arrive'' < '''p-'''....''go'' : A few verb stems ending in '''k''', '''z''', '''f''', '''v''', '''j''', '''l''', and '''r''' have no formants in their base dictionary form. : K-stem transitive verbs of risk: ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' ::* '''eker'''...''to play, risk'' ::* '''oker'''....''to lose'' ::* '''yaker'''....''to expect'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to try'' ::* '''yoker'''....''to be surprised'' ::* '''yiker'''....''to find it hard'' ::* '''yuker'''....''to find it easy'' : Z-stem transitive verbs of art: ::* '''dazer'''....''to dance'' ::* '''dyazer'''....''to perform ballet'' ::* '''dezer'''....''to perform'' ::* '''doldezer'''....''to pantomime'' ::* '''dizer'''....''to clown around'' ::* '''duzer'''....''to play music'' ::* '''domepduzer'''....''to busk'' ::* '''drezer'''....''to create poetry'' ::* '''dresyozer'''....''to engrave'' ::* '''druzer'''....''to compose music'' ::* '''doteuzer'''....''to vote'' ::* '''sizer'''....''to paint'' ::* '''imsizer'''....''to fresco'' ::* '''sazer'''....''to sculpt'' ::* '''tazer'''....''to carve'' ::* '''syozer'''....''to engrave'' ::* '''volzer'''....''to color'' ::* '''tujeazer'''....''to dream'' ::* '''tepeazer'''....''to imagine'' : F- and V-stem modal verbs: ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' ::* '''afer'''....''to have permission'' ::* '''efer'''....''to need'' ::* '''ifer'''....''to love'' ::* '''iyfer'''....''to like'' ::* '''ofer'''....''to be prohibited'' ::* '''yafer'''....''to be able'' ::* '''yefer'''....''to have to'' ::* '''yeyfer'''....''should'' ::* '''yofer'''....''to be unable'' ::* '''yifer'''....''to dare'' ::* '''yufer'''....''to fear'' ::* '''yiver'''....''have a right to'' ::* '''yuver'''....''to be supposed to'' : L- and R-stem verbs ::* '''baler'''....''to press'' ::* '''barer'''....''to crush'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry' ::* '''boler'''....''to support'' ::* '''biler'''....''to obtain'' ::* '''birer'''....''to grab'' ::* '''buler'''....''to grant'' ::* '''burer'''....''to concede'' ::* '''daler'''...''to speak'' ::* '''deler'''....''do declare'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be silent' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' ::* '''direr'''....''to demand'' ::* '''duler'''....''to insist'' ::* '''durer'''....''to order'' : The above verbs are transitive except '''doler'''. : The following J-stem verbs are <u>intransitive automatic zero-formant</u> verbs: : J-stem verbs intransitive verbs relating time activites: ::* '''ijer'''....''to begin'' ::* '''ujer'''....''to finish'' ::* '''yijer'''....''to open'' ::* '''yujer'''....''to close'' ::* '''tijer'''....''to be awake'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' ::* '''tajer'''....''to be born'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' : All of the above '''j''' stems are intransitive automatic verbs and cannot be passivized. : Verb stems ending in '''j''', however, can take the active transitive dynamic formant '''b''' which can then be passivized with '''w'''. Or, they can take the intransitive dynamic formant '''p''', which cannot be passivized. ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' (intransitive automatic) ::* '''tojper'''....''to drop dead'' (intransitive dynamic) ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' (transitive dynamic) ::* '''tojbwer'''....''to be killed'' (transitive passive dynamic) : There are two formants, '''l''' and '''r''' that act as intensifiers and can be applied to any stems except the L and R stems (like '''baler'''....''to press''): ::* '''l''' (intensive verbs) :::* '''fler'''....''to yearn'' ( < '''fer''' = ''to want'') :::* '''gobler'''....''to cut'' ( < '''gober''' = ''to subtract'') :::* '''ebler'''....''to obstruct'' ( < '''eber''' = ''to get in the way of'') :::* '''ibler'''....''to collect'' ( < '''iber''' = ''to receive'') :::* '''yabler'''....''to hoist'' ( < '''yaber''' = ''to raise'') :::* '''buxler'''....''to shove'' ( < '''buxer''' = ''to push'') :::* '''yujler'''....''to lock'' ( < '''yujer''' = ''to close'') ::* '''r''' (more intensive verbs) :::* '''frer'''....''to crave'' :::* '''abbaxrer'''....''to rub'' ( < '''abbaxer'''....''to caress'') :::* '''abbyuxrer'''....''to stomp on'' ( < '''abbyux'''....''to touch on, impact'') :::* '''apaxrer'''....''to scrub'' ( < '''apaxer'''....''to wipe'') :::* '''byexrer'''....''to thrash'' ( < '''byexer'''....''to hit'') :::* '''buxrer'''....''to drive'' ( < '''buxer'''....''to push'') :::* '''yujrer'''....''to slam shut'' ( < '''yujer'''....''to close'') : Here are examples of J-stems that take the intensifying formants '''l''' and '''r''', eg.: ::* '''yujer'''....''to close'' (intransitive automatic) ::* '''yujler'''....''to lock'' (intransitive automatic intensive) ::* '''yujper'''....''to come to a close'' (intransitive dynamic) ::* '''yujprer'''....''to slam shut'' (intransitive automatic very intensive) ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' (transitive dynamic) ::* '''yujbwer'''....''to be closed" (transitive passive dynamic) ::* '''yujler'''....''to lock (intransitive automatic intensive) ::* '''yujbler'''....''to lock (transitive dynamic intensive) ::* '''yujbrer'''....''to slam shut (transitive dynamic very intensive) ::* '''yujbrwer'''....''to be slammed shut (transitive dynamic very intensive passive) : Verb stems ending in '''j''', '''s''', or '''p''' are invariably intransitive and cannot be made passive. All other verb stems, except '''doler''' (''to be silent''), can be made passive with the addition of '''w'''. The passifying '''w''' is always the last formant of any stem. :: '''saxer'''....''to make'' > '''saxwer'''....''to be made'' :: '''baler'''....''to press'' > '''balwer'''....''to be pressed'' :: '''yaker'''....''to expect'' > '''yakwer'''....''to be expected'' : Stems can sometimes be altered with the following directional formants: ::* '''-i-''' (subject-oriented) ::* '''-u-''' (patient-oriented) : Examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs with i/u Formants |- ! Verb || Modification |- | rowspan=2|'''ber'''....''to put'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' |- || '''buer'''....''to give'' |- | rowspan=2|'''ter'''....''to know'' || '''tier'''....''to find out'' |- || '''tuer'''....''to inform'' |- | rowspan=2|'''trer'''....''to be familiar with'' || '''trier'''....''to become familiar with'' |- || '''truer'''....''to familiarize, introduce'' |- | rowspan=2|'''tyer'''....''to know how'' || '''tyier'''....''to master'' |- || '''tyuer'''....''to train'' |- | rowspan=2|'''taxer'''....''to remember'' || '''taxier'''....''to commit to memory'' |- || '''taxuer'''....''to remind'' |- |rowspan=2| '''per'''....''to go'' || '''pier'''....''to leave'' |- || '''puer'''....''to arrive'' |- | rowspan=2|'''xer'''....''to do'' || '''xier'''....''to result in'' |- || '''xuer'''....''to affect'' |- | rowspan=2|'''buker'''....''to hurt'' || '''bukier'''....''to sustain an injury'' |- || '''bukuer'''....''to inflict an injury'' |- | rowspan=2|'''ifer'''....''to love'' || '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' |- || '''ifuer'''....''to please'' |- | rowspan=2|'''der'''....''to say'' || '''dier'''....''to ask'' |- || '''duer'''....''to suggest'' |- | rowspan=2|'''til'''....''a drink'' || '''tilier'''....''to take a drink'' |- || '''tiluer'''....''to pour a drink'' |- | rowspan=2|'''tel'''....''food'' || '''telier'''....''to eat'' |- || '''teluer'''....''to feed'' |- | rowspan=2|'''abbaun'''....''cover'' || '''abbaunier'''....''to take cover'' |- || '''abbaunuer'''....''to provide cover'' |- | rowspan=2|'''abfin'''....''advantage'' || '''abfinier'''....''to take advantage of'' |- || '''abfinuer'''....''to favor'' | rowspan=2|'''naz'''....''value'' || '''nazier'''....''to deserve'' |- || '''nazuer'''....''to reward'' |} : The following table shows how stems can be intensified in meaning with '''-l-''' and '''-r-''': ::* '''-l-''' (intense) ::* '''-r-''' (more intense) : Examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs with Modified Formants |- ! Verb || Modification |- ! Normal !! Intense !! More Intense |- | '''baxer'''....''to stir'' || '''baxler'''....''to rustle'' || '''baxrer'''....''to shake'' |- | '''yaber'''....''to raise'' (trans.) || '''yabler'''....''to elevate'' || '''yaprer'''....''to hoist'' |- | '''yaper'''....''to ascend'' (intrans.)|| '''yapler'''....''to climb''|| '''yaprer'''....''to scramble up'' |- | '''apaxer'''....''to wipe'' || '''apaxler'''....''to sweep'' || '''apaxrer'''....''to scrub'' |- | '''byexer'''....''to strike'' ||'''byexler'''....''to trounce'' || '''byexrer'''....''to thrash'' |} : The intransitive zero-formant verbs whose stem ends in '''-k''' can take formants as well: ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' (transitive) ::* '''akler'''....''to vanquish, beat'' (transitive intense) ::* '''akrer'''....''to triumph'' (transitive more intense) ::* '''biker'''....''to care about'' (transitive) ::* '''bikier'''....''to take care'' (transitive subject-oriented) ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' (transitive patient-oriented) ::* '''bikuwer'''....''to be cared for'' (transitive patient-oriented passive) ::* '''yeker'''....''to try'' (transitive) ::* '''yekler'''....''to strive'' (transitive intensive) ::* '''yekrer'''....''to struggle'' (transitive more intensive) ::* '''yekier'''....''to undertake'' (transitive subject-oriented) ::* '''yekuer'''....''to challenge'' (transitive patient-oriented) ::* '''yekuwer'''....''to be challenged'' (transitive patient-oriented passive) ::* '''bakser'''....''to get healthy, heal'' (intransitve) ::* '''bakxer'''....''to make healthy, heal'' (transitive) ::* '''bakxwer'''....''to be healed'' (transitive passive) : The zero-formant verb stems in '''-f-''' and '''-v-''' are modal verbs and these can take a combination of additional formants, eg.: :* '''ifer'''....''to love'' ::* '''ifler'''....''to have affection for'' ::* '''ifrer'''....''to adore'' ::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy, to take pleasure in'' ::* '''ifuer'''....''to please, to give pleasure to'' :::* '''ifluer'''....''to delight'' :::* '''ifruer'''....''to ravish'' :::* '''ifruwer'''....''to be ravished'' ::* '''ifxer'''....''to gratify, to divert'' ::* '''ifser'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''ifwer'''....''to be loved'' ::* '''ifrwer'''....''to be adored'' :* '''fer'''....''to want'' ::* '''fler'''....''to yearn for'' ::* '''frer'''....''to crave'' ::* '''fruer'''....''fill with a craving for'' :* '''yufer'''....''to fear'' ::* '''yufler'''....''to dread'' ::* '''yufrer'''....''to tremble in fear of'' ::* '''yufruer'''....''to frighten'' ::* '''yufruwer'''....''to be frightened'' ::* '''yufxer'''....''to scare'' ::* '''yufxwer'''....''to be scared'' :* '''yiver'''....''to have the right to'' ::* '''yivser'''....''to become free'' ::* '''yivxer'''....''to free, to liberate'' ::* '''yivxwer'''....''to be freed'' :* '''yafer'''....''to be able'' ::* '''yafxer'''....''to enable'' ::* '''yafxwer'''....''to be enabled'' ::* '''yafuer'''....''to empower'' ::* '''yafluer'''....''to coerce'' ::* '''yafier'''....''to take power'' ::* '''yaflier'''....''to grab power'' ::* '''ofer'''....''to lack permission to'' ::* '''ofxer'''....''to prohibit'' ::* '''ofxwer'''....''to be prohibited'' : Again, the '''w''' passive formant is always the last in a sequence of formants: ::* '''ifruwer'''....''to be ravished'' ::* '''efxwer'''....''to be necessitated'' == Verb Categories == : Verbs have '''''morphological categories''''', which involve changes to the verb not always found in the dictionary, but developed through rule-bound affixation (such as ''live'', ''lives'', ''lived'', ''living''). They also have '''''lexical categories''''', which involve derived forms usually listed in dictionaries (''enjoy'', ''enjoyable'', ''enjoyment'') === Morphological Categories === : Verbs are inflected with the following '''''morphological categories''''': ::* '''''2 states''''': finite, non-finite ::* '''''4 tenses''''': present, past, future, atemporal¹ ::* '''''5 aspects''''': simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential ::* '''''2 voices''''': active, passive ::* '''''2 moods''''': indicative, hypothetical :<small>'''''Note 1:''''' The term "atemporal" means that tense is not marked. For example, in Mirad, '''Pu!''' is the imperative of the verb '''per'''....''to go''. It means ''Go!'' and is atemporal. The '''-u''' ending is an atemporal hypothetical mood marker.</small> : In effect, the PERSON/NUMBER category is not listed above, because this category does not affect the morphology of the Mirad verb form itself. The Mirad verb form stays the same for all persons and numbers. That information is contained in the external subject pronouns governing the verb. In English, for example, the verb "be" has several different forms in the present tense verb form depending on the person and number (I <u>am</u>, you <u>are</u>, he <u>is</u>, we <u>are</u>, etc.), but not so in Mirad. The following chart shows how the English pattern differs from the corresponding single Mirad verb form '''se''' for all persons and numbers: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller" |+ Verb '''ser''' (''to be'') Unchanged for person/number |- ! Person !! Number !! English !! Mirad |- !row=1| 1st !! row=1 rowspan=3| Singular | ''I <u>am</u>'' || '''at <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 2nd | ''you <u>are</u>'' || '''et <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 3rd | ''he/she <u>is</u>'' || '''it <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 1st !! row=1 rowspan=3| Plural | ''we <u>are</u>'' || '''yat <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 2nd | ''you (pl.) <u>are</u>'' || '''yet <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 3rd | ''they <u>are</u>'' || '''yit <u>se</u>''' |} : This invariability of person/number exists for all tenses. === Lexical Categories === :: In addition, verbs can be described in terms of the following opposing '''''lexical''''' categories. By lexical, is meant that verbs having different lexical properties are listed in the dictionary and have nothing to do with conjugation. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Verb Lexical Categories |- ! Stative !! Dynamic |- | '''ser'''....''to be'' || '''xer'''....''to do'' |- ! Intransitive !! Transitive |- | '''agaser'''....''to grow large'' || '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' |- ! Subject-directed !! Patient-directed |- | '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''buer'''....''to give'' |- ! Reflexive !! Non-reflexive |- | '''utvyixer'''....''to wash up (wash oneself)'' || '''vyixer'''....''to wash'' |- ! Inchoative !! Causative |- | '''tujper'''....''fall asleep'' || '''tujber'''....''put to sleep'' |- ! Autonomous !! Dynamic |- | '''yijer'''....''to open (by itself)'' || '''yijber'''....''to (make it) open'' |- ! Reciprocal !! Non-reciprocal |- | '''hyuittujber'''....''to kill one another'' || '''tujber'''....''to kill'' |- ! Gestural !! Locomotive |- | '''baser'''....''to stir, budge'' || '''paser'''....''to move'' |- ! Subject-oriented !! Object-oriented |- | '''teetyiker'''....''to be hard of hearing'' || '''teetyikwer'''....''to be hard to hear'' |} == Non-finite Forms == : '''''Non-finite verb forms''''' are ::* not conjugated for person or number ::* cannot form a predicate ::* and do not have a subject. : There are three kinds of non-finite verb forms in Mirad: ::* '''''infinitives''''': the dictionary lookup form of a verb, ending in '''-er''' :::* '''der'''....''to say'', '''tixayer'''....''to have studied'', '''xwer'''....''to be done'' ::* '''''gerunds''''': verbal nouns, ending in '''-en''' :::* '''byasen'''....''(the act of) standing'' ::* '''''participles''''': verbal adjectives, ending in '''-a''' :::* '''tejea'''....''living (alive)'', '''twa'''....''known'', '''piya'''....''departed'' === Infinitives === : Verbs are listed in the dictionary under the '''''active voice simple aspect infinitive''''' form, which always ends in '''er''' and means ''to X'', or rarely the passive voice simple aspect infinitive form, which ends in '''wer''' and means ''to be Xed''. The part of the verb form minus the '''-er''' or '''-wer''' is the '''''verb stem'''''. Very rarely at verb can be expressed as a past active or past passive infinitive in '''ayer''' and '''awer''', respectively. (For example: '''Tejayer boy ifawer naze glo.'''....''To have lived without having loved counts little.''). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em" |+ Infinitive Stems |- ! Infinitivw || Stem !! Ending |- | '''agser'''....''to grow'' || '''ags-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''igxer'''....''to quicken'' || '''igx-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''per'''....''to go'' || '''p-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''xwer'''....''to happen, be done'' || '''x-''' || '''-wer''' |- | '''tejayer'''....''to have lived'' || '''tej-''' || '''-ayer''' |- | '''ifawer'''....''to have loved'' || '''if-''' || '''-awer''' |} : The infinitive in Mirad is used very much as its counterpart in English. The infinitive can be marked for two aspects (simple, perfect) and two voices (active, passive), as shown in the chart below, where the verb stems are underlined: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Active and Passive Infinitive Stems |- ! Aspect !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Simple | '''<u>igx</u>er'''....''to quicken'' || '''<u>igx</u>wer'''....''to be quickened'' |- !row=1| Perfect | '''<u>igx</u>ayer'''....''to have quickened'' || '''<u>igx</u>awer'''....''to have been quickened'' |} : In the above chart, ::* the verb stem is '''igx-''' and ::* the infinitive marker is '''-er'''; ::* the simple aspect active voice marker is zero; ::* the simple aspect passive voice marker is '''w'''; ::* the perfect aspect active voice marker is '''-ay-'''; ::* the past aspect passive voice marker is '''-aw-'''. The passive voice infinitive of a verb will not appear in the dictionary unless it has a special meaning, such as '''xwer''' ''to happen (= to be done)''. The perfect infinitives are never listed in the dictionary. === Gerunds === : The gerund is a verbal noun like English ''playing'' in ''playing ball.'' : The gerund has two possible '''''aspects''''' (simple and perfect) and two possible '''''voices''''' (active and passive): {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em; " |+ Gerund Formation |- ! Aspect !! Voice !! Ending !! Example |- !row=1| Simple !! Active | '''-en''' || '''agax<u>en</u>'''....''magnifiying, magnification'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Passive | '''-wen''' || '''agax<u>wen</u>'''....''being magnified'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Active | '''-ayen''' || '''byek<u>ayen</u>'''....''having cured'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Passive | '''-awen''' || '''byek<u>awen</u>'''....''having been cured'' |} : Note: Intransitive verbs like '''per''' ''to go'' do not have a passive gerund form. : Lexicalized gerunds, such as '''sanxen''' ''formation, forming'' generally appear in the dictionary in the active voice. : Some examples of gerund usage: ::* ('''sanxer'''....''to form'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ha <u>sanxen</u> bi hia mar efxa amroni bi jabi.'''....''The <u>forming</u> (or: <u>formation</u>) of this star took millions of years.'' ::* ('''deuzer'''....''to sing'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Iyta <u>deuzen</u> sa gla via.'''....''Her <u>singing</u> was very beautiful.'' ::* ('''poper'''....''to travel'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Popen</u> se yika yex.'''....''<u>Traveling</u> is hard work.'' ::* ('''teeter'''....''to hear'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Teetwen</u> fiay se teskyia av dezuti.'''....''<u>Being heard</u> well is important for actors.'' ::* ('''teater'''....''to see'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Teaten</u> se <u>vyatexen</u>.'''.....''<u>Seeing</u> is <u>believing</u>.'' ::* ('''uper'''....''to come'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''His se ha jeb bi <u>Upen</u>.'''....''This is the season of <u>Advent</u> (coming).'' ::* ('''tadier'''....''to get married'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ata <u>tadiayen</u> ewa jodi bixa tepzex.'''....''My <u>having married</u> twice drew attention.'' ::* ('''aker'''....''to win'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''At voy ta ita <u>akawen</u> hua nuz.'''....''I did not know about his <u>having won</u> that prize.'' : Gerunds, being verb forms, can take direct and indirect objects: ::* '''At ifxwe bey eta buayen at hua nas.'''....''I am pleased by your having given me that money.'' ::* '''Tojben eut voy se kexbiyaf.'''....''Killing yourself is not an option.'' : The special gerundive ending '''-eyn''' gives a nuance emphasizing the action as a single act, much like the English endings ''-ment'' or ''-tion''. Here are a few examples showing the difference between '''-en''' and '''-eyn'''. ::* '''yanlaxen'''....''combining''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yanlaxeyn'''....''combination'' ::* '''xen'''....''doing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''xeyn'''....''action, deed'' ::* '''zayben'''....''advancing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zaybeyn'''....''advancement'' : Another special gerundive (but lexical) ending is '''-un''', which expresses the result of an action, eg.: ::* '''zyegxer'''....''to puncture''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zyegxun'''....''a puncture'' ::* '''zyeuber'''....''to transmit''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zyeubun'''....''a broadcast'' ::* '''deuzer'''....''to sing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''deuzun'''....''a song'' === Participles === : Participles are verbal adjectives and can modify nouns and pronouns. Since they act as adjectives, they have the adjectival ending '''-a'''. Participles are marked by '''''aspect''''' (simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential) and '''''voice''''' (active, passive). : The aspect markers per voice are: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Aspect Markers |- ! Aspect !! Voice !! Form !! Example |- ! rowspan=2| Progressive ! rowspan=1 | Active | '''-ea-''' || '''tejea'''....''living'' |- ! rowsspan=1 | Passive | '''wea''' || '''xwea'''....''happening, being done'' |- ! rowspan=2| Perfect ! rowspan=1 |Active | '''-ya''' || '''pya'''....''gone'' (< '''pyaa'''¹) |- ! rowspan=1| Passive | '''-wa''' || '''xwa'''....''done'' (< '''xwaa'''¹) |- ! rowspan=2| Imminent ! Active | '''-oa''' || '''tojoa'''....''about to die'' |- ! rowspan=1 | Passive | '''-woa''' || '''dodelwoa'''....''about to be announced'' |- ! rowspan=2| Potential ! Active | '''-ua''' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' |- ! rowspan=1| Passive | '''-wua''' || '''opoxwua'''....''unstoppable'' |} : <small>¹: The double '''aa''' in the perfect endings is reduced to '''a'''.</small> : '''''Note 1:''''' The perfect active particple ending in '''-ya''' is used only for intransitive verbs like '''per''' (''to go''). '''He is <u>gone</u>.''' is expressed by '''Wit se <u>pya</u>'''. : '''''Note 2:''''' The potential aspect, represented by the vowel '''u''' is much like the conditional in English, but is not considered a tense in Mirad. For example, '''tojbu''' means ''would kill'' and the participle '''tojbua''' means ''lethal'' (referring to something that ''would/has the potential to kill''). More about this in a later section. : '''''Note 3:''''' There is another form of the progressive participle that falls in the lexical, rather than morphological category, in that such forms are listed in the dictionary as adjectives. For example, in the phrase ''The animals <u>bothering</u> our bird feeder...'', the participle ''bothering'' would be '''oboxea''' in Mirad. By inserting the letter '''y''' between the verb stem and the participial ending, the participle becomes an adjective denoting a propensity or habit, as in ''bothersome'' ('''obox<u>y</u>ea'''). Such participles are invariably in the active voice. Most such adjectives in English end in ''-ive'' as in ''repulsive'' or ''-ly'' as in ''wiggly'' or ''-ous'' as in ''circuitous.'' Such adjectives in Mirad are listed in the dictionary and end in '''-yea'''. : Adverbial participles can be made from the above adjectival participles, by suffixing the letter '''y'''. Examples: ::* '''Iyt yepa ha tim <u>deuzeay</u>.'''....''She entered the room <u>singing</u>.'' ::* '''<u>Ujbaway</u> ha dodal, it pia.'''....''The speech <u>having been finished</u>, he left.'' : Also, the above participles can be converted into abstract nouns by suffixing '''n'''. Examples: ::* '''tiluwa'''....''drinkable'' <big>→</big> '''tiluwan'''....''potability'' ::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' <big>→</big> '''tojbuan'''....''lethality'' ::* '''mansea'''....''shining'' <big>→</big> '''he <u>mansean</u> bi iyta deuzen'''....''the <u>brilliance</u> of her singing'' ::* '''aakaxyea'''....''inventive'' <big>→</big> '''aakaxyean'''....''inventiveness'' : Furthermore, these participles can sometimes be pronominalized with '''s''' for things and '''t''' for people or living things. These forms can, in turn, be pluralized: ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' <big>→</big> '''xwas'''....''what is done, a happening'' ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' <big>→</big> '''xwasi'''....''happenings, deeds'' ::* '''otwa'''....''unknown'' <big>→</big> '''otwas'''....''what is not known, a mystery'' ::* '''osexea'''....''destroying'' <big>→</big> '''osexeas'''....''a destroyer'' ::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' <big>→</big> '''tojbuas'''....''something lethal, a lethal thing'' ::* '''tojboa'''....''moribund'' <big>→</big> '''tojboati'''....''people about to die, fatal cases'' ::* '''tejea'''....''living'' <big>→</big> '''tejeat'''....''a living person'' ::* '''tejea'''....''living'' <big>→</big> '''tejeasi'''....''living things'' : There is a special tenseless, nominalized, animate participle used for '''''agent''''' nouns (English ''one who does something, Xer'', ''Xant'', ''Xist''), which refers to a person who habitually does some action, perhaps as a profession or trade. These agent nouns end in '''-ut'''. ::* '''sexut'''....''builder'' ::* '''nuut'''....''supplier'' ::* '''tojbut'''....''killer'' ::* '''ifut'''....''lover'' ::* '''akuti'''....''winners'' : Note: There is a slight difference of meaning between the tensed participial pronoun '''ha akeat'''....''the one winning'' and the non-tensed agent noun '''ha akut'''....''the winner''. : Similarly, there is a special tenseless, nominalized, <u>in</u>animate participle used for a thing that performs the action denoted by the verb stem. These agent nouns end in '''-us'''. ::* '''yuxus'''....''aid (a thing that helps)'' ::* '''byuxwus'''....''button (a thing that gets touched on the keyboard)'' ::* '''paxus'''....''motive (a thing that moves one)'' ::* '''jaupus'''....''precedent (a thing that comes before)'' : The above '''-us''' ending contrasts with the endings '''-ar''' (''instrument''), '''-ir''' (''machine''), '''-ur''' (''motor, engine''), which are physical objects and not always suffixed to a verbal root. == Finite Forms == [[File:Auxiliary verbs tree 3.png|thumb|]] : In Mirad, finite verb forms are those that can take a person subject, serve as a predicate, and be conjugated. Finite verb forms are conjugated by using suffixes indicating, through their presence or absence, the following categories: <div style="background: lightyellow;{{text default color}};"> ::* TENSES :::# '''''present''''' :::# '''''past''''' :::# '''''future''''' :::# '''''atemporal''''' ::* MOODS :::# '''''indicative''''' :::# '''''hypothetical''''' ::* ASPECTS :::# '''''simple''''' :::# '''''progressive''''' :::# '''''perfect''''' :::# '''''imminent''''' :::# '''''potential''''' ::* VOICES :::# '''''active''''' :::# '''''passive''''' :::# '''''reflexive''''' :::# '''''reciprocal''''' </div> : Person and number are not marked on the verb form itself. For example, ''am'', ''is'', ''are'', which change according to the person subject in English, are all expressed with the same verb form in Mirad: '''se'''. Thus, '''at se'''....''I am'', '''et se'''....''you are'', '''it se'''....''he/she/it is'', etc. === Moods === : There are two moods in Mirad: ::* '''''indicative''''' ::* '''''hypothetical'''''. ===== Indicative Mood ===== : The '''''indicative''''' form of the verb indicates an action or state that occurs in actual time, such as ''he went'', ''he is going'', ''he will go.'' : The indicative mood has three tenses, '''''present''''', '''''past''''', '''''future''''', indicated by the suffixes '''-e''', '''-a''', and '''-o''', respectively. ===== Hypothetical Mood ===== : Wheras the indicative verb forms expresses actuality in time, the '''''hypothetical mood''''' expresses one of the non-actuality situations below and uses the vowel '''u'''. ::* a command , i.e. the '''''imperative''''' (''Go!'') ::* a wish or suggestion, i.e. the '''''hortative''''' or '''''jussive''''' (''May the king live long!'', ''Let's celebrate!'') ::* an unrealized situation, i.e. the '''''subjunctive''''' (''It is important that you <u>be</u> early.'') ::* an imagined if-then-situation, i.e. the '''''conditional''''' (''If I <u>were</u> rich, I <u>would be</u> happy.'') === Aspects === : There are five aspects in the Mirad verb system. <div style="background: lightyellow;{{text default color}};"> ::* the '''''simple''''' aspect (default), i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional. ::* the '''''progressive''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state on-going in the particular tense, using '''ey''' ::* the '''''perfective''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state anterior or already completed, using '''ay''' ::* the '''''imminent''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state about to happen, using '''oy''' ::* the '''''potential''''' aspect, i.e. an action potentially happening, using '''uy''' </div> ===== The Simple Aspect ===== :: Unless specifically marked, the default aspect is '''''simple''''', i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional. Three indicative tenses can be expressed in the simple aspect: ::* Present with '''e''' ::* Past with '''a''' ::* Future with '''o'''. :: An atemporal verb ending in '''u''' in the simple aspect is considered hypothetical and expresses three things, depending on how it is used in the sentence: ::* a conditional like ''I would go (if...)'' ::* an imperative like ''Go!'' ::* a hortative like ''Let's go!'' ::* a subjunctive like ''(It is important that) we go.'' :: Here is a chart showing the simple, active voice instantiations of the Mirad verb '''per''' (''to go'') with the endings underlined: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em;" |+ Simple Active Conjugation of '''Per''' |- ! Mood !! Tense !! Aspect !! Voice !! Instantiation !! Verb '''per''' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Present !! Simple !! Active !! | '''At p<u>e</u>'''....''I go'' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Past !! Simple !! Active !! | '''At p<u>a</u>'''....''I went'' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Future !! Simple !! Active !! |'''At p<u>o</u>'''....''I will go'' |- !row=1 rowspan=4 | Hypothetical !rowspan=4| Atemporal !rowspan=4| Simple !rowspan=4| Active ! Conditional |'''At p<u>u</u>'''....''I would go'' |- ! Hortative/Optative/Jussive |'''Van yat p<u>u</u>!'''....''Let's go!'' |- ! Imperative |'''P<u>u</u> tam!'''....''Go home!'' |- ! Subjunctive |'''Se efwa van et p<u>u</u>.'''....''It is necessary that you go.'' |} : Note that the last four instantiations are the same tense, but differ in syntax. For example, if the verb form is hypothetical, atemporal, simple, active and has no subject, it operates as an imperative. ==== The Simple Indicative Present Active Tense ==== :: The simple indicative present instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''e''' and has a non-progressive ('''''habitual''''') aspect as in English ''I work'' or ''I live''. Progressive aspect forms like ''I am studying'' are explained later. :: Examples: :::* '''At <u>yexe</u> be tam.''' ....''I <u>work</u> at home''. :::* '''Hia tom <u>se</u> nam.''' ....''This building <u>is</u> a store.'' :::* '''Ha amur <u>yuzpe</u> ha imer.'''....''The moon <u>goes around</u> the earth.'' ==== The Simple Indicative Past Active Tense ==== : The simple indicative past tense instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''a''' and has a non-progressive (punctual) meaning as in English ''I did something at some particular point in time''. The simple past contrasts in aspect with the past progressive (''I was doing something'') or the present perfect (''I have done something''), or past potential (''I would have done something''). The simple past is punctual, that is, it describes an event that occurred at a particular point in time. : Examples: ::* '''Iyt <u>iba</u> ha nyuf zojub.''' ....''She <u>received</u> the package yesterday.'' ::* '''At <u>ujba</u> ha dyes ji iwa jwobi.''' ....''I <u>finished</u> the book three hours ago.'' ::* '''His <u>kyesa</u> exag hijub.'''....''This <u>happened</u> twice today.'' ==== The Simple Indicative Future Active Tense ==== : The simple indicative future tense is marked with the vowel suffix '''o''' and has the same meaning as in English ''I will do something at some particular point in the future''. : Examples: ::* '''Yit <u>tadso</u> zajab.'''....''They <u>are going to get married</u> next year.'' ::* '''Hua kaxon <u>ujako</u>.''' ....''That solution <u>will work</u>.'' ::* '''At <u>so</u> him hoj et <u>upo</u>.'''....''I <u>will be</u> here when you <u>(will) come.</u>¹'' :: Note 1: Unlike in English, Mirad does not use the present tense for a real future. There is also no sequence of tenses in Mirad (such as, ''He said he was coming.''. In Mirad, this would be expressed as ''He said he <u>will</u> come.''). ==== The Simple Hypothetical Atemporal Active Tense ==== : A verb form ending in '''u''' like '''pu''' has no time value and is used to express unreal actions or states, such as the '''''imperative''''', '''''hortative''''', '''''conditional''''', or '''''subjunctive'''''. : Examples: ::* '''<u>Upu</u> him!'''....''<u>Come</u> here!'' ('''''imperative''''') ::* '''<u>Von upu</u>!''' ....''<u>Don't come</u>!'' ('''''negative imperative''''') ::* '''Ha edeb <u>fu</u> teater et.''' ....''The king <u>would like</u> to see you.'' ('''''conditional''''') ::* '''Ven at <u>su</u> et, at <u>dolu</u>.''' ....''If I <u>were</u> you, I <u>would be</u> quiet.'' ('''''conditional''''') ::* '''Van yeyt <u>ujaku</u> be yeyta yexneadi.''' ....''May all you (women) <u>succeed</u> in your careers.'' ('''''hortative''''') ::* '''Van yat <u>ijbu</u> bay fyadil.''' ....''Let's <u>begin</u> with a prayer.'' ('''''jussive''''') ::* '''Se kyitesa <u>van et puu</u> jwa.''' ....''It's important <u>that you arrive</u> early.'' ('''''subjunctive''''') ::* '''Se kyitesa <u>von et puu</u> jwo.'''....''It's important <u>that you not arrive</u> late.'' ('''''negative subjunctive''''') : Hypothetical verb forms ending in '''-u''' can be interpreted in various ways, depending on the following syntactical patterns in the sentence: ::* Generally, if a verb form ending in '''-u''' begins a sentence and has no subject, then it is an IMPERATIVE (a command). For example, '''Ipu!''', ''Go away!''. ::* If the verb form has a subject not preceded by the complementizers '''van''', '''ven''', or '''von''', then it is probably a conditional predicate like '''At fu per.'''....''I <u>would like</u> to go.''. ::* If the subject of the verb is preceded by '''ven'''....''if'', then it is a conditional clause as in '''Ven at <u>su</u> nasikat...'''....''If I <u>were</u> a rich man.''. ::* If the subject is preceded by '''Van'''....''that/let/may'' or '''von'''....''don't'', then it is a hortative wish like '''Van et yagteju.'''....''May you live long.'' or a jussive suggestion like '''Van yat fyadilu.'''....''Let us pray.'' or a prohibition like '''Von tiliu his!'''....''Don't drink this!''. === Voices === : Mirad has four voices: ::* Active ::* Passive ::* Reflexive ::* Reciprocal. ==== Active Voice ==== : The default voice is active, i.e. the subject of the verb is doing the action. ::* '''At teata ha kyes.'''....''I saw the event.'' ==== Passive Voice ==== : A verb form is converted from active to passive by inserting a '''w''' just after the stem of the verb form. The past passive particle ending '''-waa''' is usually abbreviated to '''-wa''' (''done'' is '''xwa'''). : The following chart shows the distinction between active and passive voice of various verbs: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:4.8em" |+ Contrasting Active and Passive Voice ! Verb Form !! Active !! Active<br>Example !! Passive !! Passive<br>Example |- !row=1| Infinitive | '''xer'''<br>''to do'' || '''At fe xer fi.'''<br>''I want to do well.'' || '''xwer'''<br>''to be done'' || '''Ese hyos xwer.'''<br>''There is nothing to be done.'' |- !row=1| Present Participle | '''sexea'''<br>''constructing'' || '''Ha nunxob sexea hia tom...'''<br>''The firm constructing this building...''|| '''sexewa'''<br>''being constructed'' || '''His se sexewa.'''<br>''This is under construction.'' |- !row=1| Present | '''xe'''<br>''do/does'' ||'''At xe fi be tixam.'''<br>''I do well in school.'' || '''xwe'''<br>''is done'' || '''Huyenasi hoj xwe.'''<br>''Such things are never done.'' |- !row=1| Past Participle | '''xaa'''<br>''having done'' || '''Iyt, xaa hya iyta yex,...'''<br>''She, having done all her work,...'' ||'''xwa'''<br>''done'' || '''Hyas se xwa.'''<br>''Everything is done.'' |- !row=1| Past | '''tojba'''<br>''killed'' || '''Duhot tojba hwut?'''<br>''Who killed that guy?'' || '''tojbwa'''<br>''was killed'' || '''Duhoj wit tojbwa?'''<br>''When was he killed?'' |- !row=1| Hypothetical | '''bakxu'''<br>''heal'' || '''Bakxu at!'''<br>''Heal me!'' || '''bakxwu'''<br>''be healed'' || '''Van iyt bakxwu.'''<br>''May she be healed.'' |} : Intransitive verbs cannot be made passive. For example, '''tajer'''....''to be born'' is intransitive (takes no object) and has no passive voice form. However, the transitive verb '''tajber'''....''to bear, give birth'' can be passive, as in '''Ha tudet <u>tajbwa</u> zajub.'''....''The child <u>was delivered</u> yesterday'' (as opposed to '''Ha tudet <u>taja</u> zajub.'''....''The child <u>was born</u> yesterday.)'' Notice how this works with '''yijer''' (''to open''): ::* '''Ha mes yija.'''....''The door opened (by itself).'' (medio-passive) ::* '''Ha mes yijpa.'''....''The door came open.'' (dynamic medio-passive) ::* '''Yijbu ha mes.'''....''Open the door.'' (transitive active) ::* '''Ha mes yijbwa.'''....''The door was opened (by someone).'' (passive) : Impassive verbs form their past particple with the ending '''ya''', but these forms are somewhat rare. Here are some examples: ::* '''per'''....''to go'' -> '''pya'''....''gone'' ::* '''tajer'''....''to be born'' -> '''tajya'''....''born'' (ex.'''Jesus tajya bi Marya.''''....''Jesus, born of Mary'') ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' -> '''tojya'''....''dead'' ::* '''loteaser'''....''to disappear'' -> '''loteasya'''....''disappeared'' (ex. '''Ha loteasya tobi be Arogem.'''....''the disappeared persons in Argentina.'') ==== Reflexive Voice ==== : A verb is made reflexive by prefixing the reflexive pronoun '''ut''' (''self''), for example: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' <big>→</big> '''uttojber'''....''to kill oneself'' ::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' <big>→</big> '''utvyilxer'''....''to wash up'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' <big>→</big> '''utteater'''....''to see oneself'' ::* '''yabler'''....''to lift'' <big>→</big> '''utyabler'''....''to lift oneself'' → '''Utyablu!'''....''Lift yourself up!'' ::* '''trer'''....''to know'' <big>→</big> '''uttrer'''....''to know oneself'' → '''Uttru!'''....''Know thyself!'' ==== Reciprocal Voice ==== : A verb is made reciprocal by prefixing the reciprocal pronoun '''hyuit'''....''one another'', for example: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' <big>→</big> '''hyuittojber'''....''to kill one another'' ::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' <big>→</big> '''hyuitvyilxer'''....''to wash one another'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' <big>→</big> '''hyuitteater'''....''to see one another'' : Both the reflexive pronoun and reciprocal pronoun can be used as standalone objects. However, the plural form '''yut''' is used if the subject is plural, for example: ::* '''Yit vyilxa <u>yut</u>.'''....''They (f.) washed up. (= washed <u>selves</u>).'' ::* '''Ha twobeti dizeuda <u>hyuit</u>.'''....''The boys laughed at <u>one another</u>.'' : The word '''hyuit''' is a hybrid of '''hyit'''....''the same one'' combined with '''hyut'''....''the other one''. ==== Aspects Revisited ==== : Mirad verbs have the following aspects: ::* '''''Simple''''' -- this is the default aspect, shown above, i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-potential. ::* '''''Progressive''''' -- this is an aspect where the verb describes an on-going action or state spread over time. ::* '''''Perfect''''' -- this presents the action or state as anterior, or completed prior to another action or state. ::* '''''Immininent''''' -- this describes an action or state ''about to happen.'' ::* '''''Potential''''' -- this refers to an action or state where something is ''possible''. ==== The Simple Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Simple aspect. In the active voice, the tense vowels '''a''', '''e''', '''o''', and '''u''' are affixed to the stem. In the passive voice, the passive marker consonant '''w''' is inserted between the stem and the final tense vowels. The simple present tense refers to actions or states that are habitual (''I regularly go to school.''), regular (''The earth revolves around the sun.''), or permanent (''Blue is a color.''). The simple past refers to actions or states that occurred at a fixed point in time (''I did my homework last night.''). The simple future refers to actions or states that will occur at some particular point in the future (''The sun will rise tomorrow at dawn.''). The simple atemporal hypothetical ( = conditional) refers to an imagined action or state that has not be realized (''You would make a good president.''). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Simple Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Simple !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>e</u>'''....''I do'' || '''Has x<u>we</u>'''....''It is done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>a</u>'''....''I did'' || '''Has x<u>wa</u>'''....''It was done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Future !! Indicative | '''At x<u>o</u>'''....''I will do'' || '''Has x<u>wo</u>'''....''It will be done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''At x<u>u</u>'''....''I would do''¹ || '''Has x<u>wu</u>'''....''It would be done'' |} : 1: Absence of tense (Atemporal) + Hypothetical mood = '''''conditional'''''. ==== The Progressive Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Progressive aspect. The present tense vowel '''e''' followed by a buffer consonant, are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller; " |+ Progressive Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Progressive !! Present !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eye</u>'''....''I am doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewe</u>'''....''it is being done'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Past !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eya</u>'''....''I was doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewa</u>'''....''it was being done'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Future !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eyo</u>'''....''I am going to be doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewo</u>'''....''it will be happening'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''at x<u>eyu</u>'''....''I would be doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewu</u>'''....''it would be happening'' |} ==== The Perfect Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Perfect aspect. The past tense vowel '''a''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Perfect Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Perfect !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>aye</u>'''....''I have done'' || '''Has x<u>awe</u>'''....''It has been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>aya</u>'''....''I had done'' || '''Has x<u>awa</u>'''....''It had been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Future !! Indicative |'''At x<u>ayo</u>'''....''I will have done'' || '''Has x<u>awo</u>'''....''It will have been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''At x<u>ayu</u>'''....''I would have done'' || '''Has x<u>awu</u>'''....''It would have been done'' |} ==== The Imminent Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Imminent aspect (sometimes referred to as the Prospective aspect). The future tense vowel '''o''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. Not that only indicative mood imminent tenses are ever used. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Imminent Aspect |- ! Aspect || Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Imminent !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>oye</u>'''....''I am about to do'' || '''Has x<u>owe</u>'''....''It is about to be done'' |- !row=1| Imminent !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>oya</u>'''....''I was about to do'' || '''Has x<u>owa</u>'''....''It was about to be done'' |} ==== The Potential Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Potential aspect. The hypothetical vowel '''u''' followed by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. The future potential and hypothetical potential aspects are never used. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Potential Aspect |- ! ASPECT !! TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE |- !row=1| Potential !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>uye</u>'''....''I am to do'' || '''Has x<u>uwe</u>'''....''It is to be done, it is doable'' |- !row=1| Potential !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>uya</u>'''....''I was to do'' || '''Has x<u>uwa</u>'''....''It was to be done, it was doable'' |} == Verb Conjugation Chart == : The following chart presents the totality of the Mirad affirmative verb conjugation system using the verb '''xer'''....''to do'' and its passive '''xwer'''....''to be done, happen''. The rows beginning with a light blue background are finite forms, while those beginning with light green are non-finite forms. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Conjugation Chart |- valign=top !rowspan=2| State !!rowspan=2| Mood !!rowspan=2| Aspect !!rowspan=2| Tense !! colspan=4|Voice |- ! Active!!Passive |- ! rowspan=16 style="background: lightblue;{{text default color}};"|Finite !!rowspan=3| Indicative !!rowspan=4| Simple !! Present | '''xe''' <br>''does''||'''xwe'''<br>''is done, happens'' |- ! Past | '''xa''' <br>''did''||'''xwa'''<br>''was done, happened'' |- ! Future | '''xo''' <br>''will do''||'''xwo'''<br>''will be done, will happen'' |- ! Hypothetical|| | '''xu''' <br>''would do, do!''||'''xwu'''<br>''would be done, would happen, be done!'' |- !rowspan=3| Indicative !!rowspan=4| Progressive !! Present | '''xeye'''<br>''is doing''||'''xewe'''<br>''is being done, is happening'' |- ! Past | '''xeya''' <br>''was doing''||'''xewa'''<br>''was doing, was happening'' |- ! Future | '''xeyo'''<br>''will be doing''||'''xewo'''<br>''will be happening'' |- ! Hypothetical|| | '''xeyu''' <br>''would be doing''<br>''be doing!''||'''xewu'''<br>''would be happening'' |- !rowspan=3|Indicative !! rowspan=4| Perfect !! Present | '''xaye''' <br>''has done''||'''xawe''' <br>''has been done, has happened'' |- ! Past | '''xaya''' <br>''had done''||'''xawa'''<br>''had been done, had happened'' |- ! Future | '''xayo''' <br>''will have done''||'''xawo''' <br>''will have been done, will have happened'' |- ! Hypothetical !! | '''xayu''' <br>''would have done''||'''xawu'''<br>''would have been done, would have happened'' |- !rowspan=4| Indicative !! rowspan=2|Imminent !! Present | '''xoye''' <br>''is about to do''||'''xowe'''<br>''is about to be done, is about to happen'' |- ! Past | '''xoya'''<br>''was to be done'' ||'''xowa'''<br>''was to be done, was to happen'' |- ! rowspan=2|Potential !! Present | '''xuye'''<br>''is supposed to do'' ||'''xuwe''' <br>''is supposed to happen'' |- ! Past | '''xuya''' <br>''was supposed to do''||'''xuwa'''<br>''was supposed to be done, was supposed to happen'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- ! rowspan=2 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};"|Infinitive !! !! Simple !! rowspan=8| | '''xer'''<br>''to do''||'''xwer'''<br>''to be done, to happen'' |- ! !! Perfect | '''xayer'''<br>''to have done''||'''xawer'''<br>''to have been done, to have happend'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- ! rowspan=4 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};"|Participle !! !! Progressive | '''xea'''<br>''doing'' ||'''xewa'''<br>''being done, happening'' |- ! !! Perfect | '''xya''' <br>''having done''||'''xwa'''<br>''done, happened'' |- ! !! Imminent | '''xoa''' <br>''about to do''||'''xowa'''<br>''about to happen'' |- ! !! Potential | '''xua'''<br>''bound to do'' ||'''xuwa'''<br>''doable'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- !rowspan=2 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};" |Gerund ! !! Simple !! | '''xen''' <br>''doing''||'''xwen''' <br>''being done, happening, event'' |- ! !! Perfect !! | '''xayen'''<br>''having done''||'''xawen'''<br>''having happened'' |} : Note 1: Intransitive verbs such as '''per''' ''to go'' have no passive forms. An expression such as ''They are gone.'' would be translated as '''Yit se pya'''. == Negative Forms == : All of the above verb forms are affirmative. The indicative and conditional forms can be made negative by using the negative adverb '''voy''' (''not'', '' 'nt'', ''doesn't'', ''don't''). Those forms that are subjunctive, jussive, or imperative ending in '''-u''' use the negative subordinate conjunction '''von''' (''don't'', ''let not'', ''lest''). : '''voy'''....''not'' ::* '''At <u>voy</u> te.'''....''I <u>don</u>'t know.'' (indicative) ::* '''<u>Voy</u> mamilo.'''....''It will <u>not</u> rain.'' (indicative) ::* '''At <u>voy</u> xu hus.'''....''I would <u>not</u> do that.'' (conditional) : '''von'''....''Let's not, don't, let it not'' ::* '''<u>Von</u> mamilu.'''....''<u>Let it not</u> rain.'' (subjunctive) ::* '''<u>Von</u> yat fuyaku.'''....''<u>Let</u> us <u>not</u> despair.'' (jussive) ::* '''<u>Von</u> pu!'''....''<u>Don't</u> go.'' (imperative) : Participles, gerunds, and infinitives can be negated with the prefix '''o-''' (''un-, non-''). ::* '''tosea'''....''feeling'' -> '''otosea'''....''unfeeling'' ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' -> '''oxwa'''....''undone'' ::* '''teliwa'''....''eaten'' -> '''oteliwa'''....''uneaten'' ::* '''tejen'''....''living'' -> '''otejen'''....''not living'' ::* '''buen'''....''giving'' -> '''obuen'''....''not giving'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' -> '''obuer'''....''not to give'' ::* '''ter'''....''to know'' => '''oter'''....''not to know, i.e. to ignore'' : Partciples, gerunds, and infinitives can also be negated with the word '''voy'' (''not''), eg: ::* '''voy tea ha dud'''....''not knowing the answer'' ::* '''gel voy tejea'''....''like not living'' ::* '''av voy xen hes'''....''for not doing something'' == How to Express Certain English Tenses == : English speakers have some tenses that do not fit into the above schema, and so Mirad uses a combination of verbs to achieve the same sense: ::* The English tense ''I have been studying French for four years.'' is translated in Mirad by '''At saye tixea Ferad ji uwa jabi.''' (Mirad present perfect of '''ser''' (''to be'') + the present participle of the main verb, '''tixer'''. ::* The English tense ''I had been studying'' is translated in Mirad by '''At saya tixer''', the past perfect of the verb '''ser''' (''to be'') + the present participle of the main verb, '''tixer'''. ::* The English tense ''I am going to be starring in that role.'' is translated in Mirad by '''At dezdebeyo be hua dezgon.''' (Mirad future progressive). ::* The modern Black English tense ''Don't you be doing that.'' is handled in Mirad by '''Von et xeyu hus.''' (Mirad imperative progressive). == Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs == : Transitive verbs, which can take a direct object, oppose themselves to intransitive verbs, which do not take a direct object. Some verbs are marked overtly for transitivity. : Verbs that end in '''xer''' (''to do, -ify, -ize'') are by nature transitive, and often have intransitive counterparts in '''ser''' (''to be, become, -ify, -ize''). Likewise, verbs ending in '''ber''' (''to put, take'') are transitive and have intransitive counterparts in '''per''' (''to go''). Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Transitive vs. Intransitive |- ! Transitive !! Intransitive |- | '''xer'''....''do'' || '''ser'''....''be'' |- | '''agxer'''....''grow (something)'' || '''agser'''....''grow (up)'' |- | '''amxer'''....''heat, make hot'' || '''amser'''....''become hot, heat up'' |- | '''puxer'''....''throw'' || '''puser'''....''jump'' |- | '''per'''....''go'' || '''ber'''....''put'' |- | '''aber'''....''put on'' || '''aper'''....''get on'' |- | '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' |- | '''poxer'''....''stop (something)'' || '''poser'''....''(come to a) stop'' |- | '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach'' |- | '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter'' |} ::* '''At <u>agxe</u> vobi.'''....''I <u>grow</u> [TRANSITIVE] plants.'' ::* '''Ha vobi <u>agseye</u> ig.'''....''The plants <u>are growing</u> [INTRANSITIVE] fast.'' ::* '''<u>Poxu</u> ha pur!'''....''<u>Stop</u> [TRANSITIVE] the car!'' ::* '''Ha pur <u>posa</u>.'''....''The car <u>stopped</u> [INTRANSITIVE].'' ::* '''At <u>yaba</u> ha mis.'''....''I <u>raised</u> [TRANSITIVE] the window.'' ::* '''Ha amar <u>yapaye</u>.'''....''The sun <u>has risen</u> [INTRANSITIVE].'' === Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity === : Note the following verbs, whose stems end in '''j''' are hard to pronounce with intransitive '''s''' and transitive '''x''', so these two endings are placed with '''p''' and '''b''', respectively, although the presence of the '''p''' is optional, i.e. it's presence or absence can slightly change the meaning from static to dynamic, eg. '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' vs. '''tujper'''....''to fall asleep''. The transitive forms can be either active or passive. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity |- ! colspan=2|Intransitive !! colspan=2|Transitive |- ! Static !! Dynamic !! Active !! Passive |- | '''Ha mes <u>yija</u>'''<br>''The door <u>opened</u>.'' || '''Ha nasyef <u>yijpa</u>'''<br>''The purse <u>came open</u>.'' || '''At <u>yijba</u> ha mes.'''<br>''I <u>opened</u> the door.'' || '''Ha mes <u>yijbwa</u> bey yelput.'''<br>''The door <u>was opened</u> by an intruder'' |- | '''Ha mes <u>yuja</u>.'''<br>''The door <u>closed</u>.'' || '''Ha yanup <u>yujpa</u>.'''<br>''The meeting <u>adjourned</u>.'' || '''At <u>yujba</u> ha mes.'''<br>''I <u>closed</u> the door.''||'''Ha mes yeyfe <u>yujbwer</u> ja sumjob.'''<br>''The door should <u>be closed</u> by bedtime.'' |- | '''Ha dezun <u>ijaye</u>.'''<br>''The play <u>has started</u>.''||'''Ha par <u>ijpa</u> boy poys.'''<br>''The car <u>started up</u> immediately.'' ||'''At <u>ijba</u> ata tyal.'''<br>''I <u>started</u> my meal.''||'''Ha tyal <u>ijbwa</u> jwa.'''<br>''The meal <u>was started</u> early.'' |- | '''Ha dezun <u>ujaye</u>.'''<br>''The play has <u>ended</u>.''||'''Ata yex <u>ujpaye</u>.'''<br>''My work <u>has come to an end</u>.'' || '''A <u>ujba</u> ha dyes.'''<br>''I <u>finished</u> the book.''||'''Ha dyes hyoj <u>ujbwa</u>.'''<br>''The book never <u>got finished</u>.'' |- | '''Ha tob <u>toja</u> zomoj.'''<br>''The man <u>died</u> yesterday evening.''||'''Ha tob <u>tojpa</u>.'''<br>''The man <u>dropped dead.</u>'' || '''Hot <u>tojba</u> ha twob?'''<br>''Who <u>killed</u> the man?''||'''Ha twob <u>tojbwa</u> bey ita tayd.'''<br>''The man <u>was killed</u> by his wife.'' |- | '''<u>Teju</u>.'''<br>''<u>Live!</u>.''||'''<u>Tejpu!</u>.'''<br>''<u>Come alive!</u>.'' || '''Yat efe <u>tejber</u> ha twob.'''<br>''We need to <u>revive</u> the man.''||'''Ha twob yofwa <u>tejbwer</u>.'''<br>''The man could not <u>be revived</u>.'' |- | '''Ha tobot <u>taja</u> zojub.'''<br>''The baby <u>was born</u> yesterday.'' || '''Hoj ha tobot <u>tajpo</u>?'''<br>''When <u>will</u> the baby <u>pop out</u>?'' || '''Iyt <u>tajba</u> awa twobot zojub.'''<br>''She <u>gave birth</u> to a baby boy yesterday.''||'''Ha twobot <u>tajbwa</u> jo eymoj.'''<br>''The baby boy was <u>birthed</u> after midnight.'' |- | '''At <u>tija</u> jwe.'''<br>''I <u>woke up</u> on time.''||'''It voy <u>tijpa</u>.'''<br>''He did not <u>come to.</u>.'' || '''At <u>tijbo</u> et jwa.'''<br>''I will <u>wake (you) up</u> early.''||'''At voy fe <u>tijbwo</u> gra jwa.'''<br>''I don't want to <u>be woken</u> too early.'' |- | '''At <u>tujeya</u>.'''<br>''I was <u>sleeping.</u>''||'''At <u>tujpeya</u>.'''<br>''I was <u>falling sleep</u>.'' || '''At <u>tujbo</u> it.'''<br>''I will <u>put (him) to sleep.</u>.''||'''Ha tobot <u>tujbwo</u> glojo.'''<br>''The baby <u>will be put to sleep</u> soon.'' |} == Reflexive Verbs == [[File:TWC Hokitika Gorge • Stewart Nimmo • MRD 1.jpg|thumb|]] : Reflexive verbs, where the object refers back to the subject, work just as in English, where the object is a reflexive pronoun, eg.: ::* '''At tujboye aut.'''....''I am going to kill myself.'' ::* '''Tru eut!'''....''Know thyself!'' ::* '''It gobla iut bey goblar.'''....''He cut himself with a knife.'' ::* '''Ot yefe yuxer out.'''....''One must help oneself.'' : Sometimes, verbs are reflexive lexically and incorporate the reflexivity in the actual verb form using '''ut''' as the prefix: ::* '''uttujber'''....''commit suicide (= self-kill)'' ::* '''utboler'''....''support oneself (= self-support)'' ::* '''utdider'''....''wonder (= self-ask)'' : Sometimes, verbs are used reflexively in Mirad even though they are used simply intransitively in English, eg.: ::* '''Et efe <u>vyilxer eut</u>.'''....''You need to wash up [= <u>wash yourself</u>].'' (or) ::* '''Et efe <u>utvyilxer</u>.'''....''You need to wash up [= <u>self-wash</u>].'' == Omission of Prepositions After Certain Verbs == :: Some verbs inherently incorporate a preposition and so it is not necessary to use that assumed preposition before what would normally be an indirect object. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Inherent Propositions |- ! Preposition-Incorporating Verb !! Example |- | '''per'''....''go (to)'' || '''Pu tam!''' (Not: '''Pu bu tam!''') ''Go home.''<br>'''It pa Paris.'''....''He went to Paris.'' |- | '''der'''....''say (to), tell'' || '''Du at eta dyun.'''....''Tell me your name.''<br>'''Du at has.'''....''Tell it to me.'' |- | '''peser'''....''wait (for)'' || '''Pesu at.'''....''Wait for me.'' |- | '''buer'''....''give (to)'' || '''Buu at hua dyes.'''....''Give me that book.'' |} :: As in English, in omitting the inherent preposition in a sentence with both a direct object and an indirect object, place the indirect object before the direct object. If the direct object comes first, then the preposition must be overtly specified before the indirect object, eg. '''Buu <u>at</u> hus.'''....''Give me that.'' or '''Buu hus <u>bu at</u>.'''....''Give that <u>to me</u>.'' See more about this in the chapter on [[Mirad_Grammar/Syntax|Syntax]]. == Causative vs. Inchoative Verbs == : A causative verb has the sense ''to make something have some quality'', whereas an inchoative verbs means ''to become or take on the quality of something.'' === Derived from Adjectives === : Adjectives can be converted into transitive/causative and intransitive/inchoative verbs. Causative verbs are always transitive (taking an object), while inchoative verbs are intransitive (not taking an object). English causative / inchoative verbs often end in ''-ify'' like ''magnify'', or ''-ate'', ''liberate'', or ''ize'', like ''sensitize''. : To derive a causative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''-xer'''....''to do'' to either the stem or the whole adjective (with the '''a''' ending). Whether you do the former or the latter depends on several factors, but the end result is slightly different in nuance. A verb with adjective stem + '''-xer''' is slightly more idiomatic or less literal than the adjective stem + '''axer'''. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ -axer vs -xer in Transitive Verbs |- ! Adjective !! Causative/Transitive !! Causative/Transitive |- ! '''-xer''' !! Literal !! Idiomatic |- | '''aga'''<br>''big'' || '''ag<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to magnify'' || '''agxer'''<br>''to grow'' |- | '''ana'''<br>''one'' || '''an<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to unify'' || '''anxer'''<br>''to unite'' |- | '''yona'''<br>''apart'' || '''yon<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to separate'' || '''yonxer'''<br>''to cut'' |- | '''yaga'''<br>''long'' || '''yag<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to lengthen'' || '''yagxer'''<br>''to stretch'' |- | '''yuga'''<br>''slow'' || '''yug<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to retard'' || '''yugxer''' <br>''to brake'' |- | '''sana'''<br>''formal'' || '''san<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to formalize'' || '''sanxer'''<br>''to form'' |- | '''gea'''<br>''equal'' || '''ge<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to equalize'' || '''gexer'''<br>''to equal, equate'' |- | '''jaa'''<br>''prior'' || '''ja<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to prioritize'' || '''jaxer'''<br>''to prepare'' |- | '''aota'''<br>''personal'' || '''aot<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to personalize'' || '''aotxer'''<br>''to personify'' |} : To derive an inchoative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''ser'''....''to be'' to either the stem or the whole adjective. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Creating Inchoative Verbs |- ! Adjective !! Inchoative/Intransitive !! Inchoative/Intransitive |- ! '''-ser''' !! Literal !! Idiomatic |- | '''aga'''<br>''big'' || '''ag<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to get bigger'' || '''agser'''<br>''to grow'' |- | '''ana'''<br>''one'' || '''an<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to unify'' || '''anser'''<br>''to unite, become united'' |- | '''yona'''<br>''apart'' || '''yon<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to become separate'' || '''yonser'''<br>''to break'' |- |} : Be careful to use the transitive, causative verb form when you have a direct object, and the intransitive, inchoative verb form when no direct objects are present or possible, eg.: ::* '''<u>Ansu</u> ey yet golxwo.'''....''<u>Unite</u> or you will be divided.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''At <u>yontadsa</u> hoj at sa eta jag.'''....''I <u>got divorced</u> when I was your age.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''Hisi <u>agaxo</u> hos et teate.'''....''These <u>will magnify</u> what you see.'' [TRANSITIVE] ::* '''Hia tud <u>agseye</u> ig.'''....''This child <u>is growing up</u> fast.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''Ata tayd <u>agxe</u> vosi be oyebzom.'''....''My wife <u>grows</u> flowers out back.'' [TRANSITIVE] === Derived from Nouns === : Transitive/causative/active and intransitive/inchoative/passive verbs can also be formed from nouns. The sense of the former is ''to make be X'' and of the latter, ''to become X''. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs Derived from Nouns |- ! Noun !! Transitive/Causative/Active !! Intransitive/Inchoative/Passive |- | '''mog'''....''ash'' || '''mogxer'''<br>''to incinerate'' || '''mogser'''<br>''to become ashes'' |- | '''yan'''....''collection'' || '''yanxer'''<br>''to collect'' || '''yanser'''<br>''to get together'' |- | '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''tadxer'''<br>''to marry'' || '''tadser'''<br>''to get married'' |- | '''yom'''....''ice'' || '''yomxer'''<br>''to freeze/make ice'' || '''yomser'''<br>''to freeze/become ice'' |- | '''mag'''....''fire'' || '''magxer'''<br>''to burn, set fire to'' || '''magser'''<br>''to burn, get burned'' |- | '''uk'''....''void'' || '''ukxer'''<br>''to empty'' || '''ukser'''<br>''become empty, empty out'' |} === Intermediary Causative Verbs === : Intermediary verbal causatives like ''have/get my car washed'', ''make/force him go'', ''get one's hair cut'' are formed by suffixing the causative verb infix '''-ux-''' (active) or '''uxw''' (passive) to the stem of the verb signifying the action to be arranged or caused by someone other than the subject, eg.: ::* '''At gobl<u>ux</u>o ata tayeb zajub.'''....''I will get my hair cut tomorrow.'' ::* '''Et voy yafe p<u>ux</u>er at.'''....''You cannot make me go.'' ::* '''Wit tojb<u>ux</u>a yit.'''....''He had them killed.'' ::* '''At efe vyilx<u>ux</u>er ata pur.'''....''I need to have my car washed.'' ::* '''Et up<u>ux</u>wa him av hes.'''....''You were made to come here for some reason.'' ::* '''At bakamb<u>ux</u>o et.'''....''I will have you hospitalized.'' ::* '''Et voy yafe deuz<u>ux</u>er at.'''....''You cannot make me sing.'' ::* '''At hihid<u>ux</u>wa.'''....''I was tickled (= made to laugh).'' ::* '''Eta deuz hihid<u>ux</u>a yat.'''....''Your song tickled us. (= Made us laugh.)'' ::* '''Van het ivas<u>ux</u>u weti.'''....''May someone get you guys to be happy.'' ::* '''Hua enzyukpur uzp<u>ux</u>a yata pur.'''....''That motorcycle caused our car to veer.'' == Subject-directed vs. Patient-directed Verbs == : The directionality of some verbs can be distinguished by the verbal formant infix '''-i-''' for an action or motion toward the speaker and '''-u-''' for an action or motion away from the speaker toward some patient, eg.: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Directional Verbs |- ! Subject-directed !! Patient-directed |- | '''b<u>i</u>er'''....''to take'' || '''b<u>u</u>er'''....''to give'' |- | '''nier'''....''to consume'' || '''nuer'''....''to supply'' |- | '''nyier'''....''to order'' || '''nyuer'''....''to deliver'' |- | '''nazunier'''....''win a prize'' || '''nazunuer'''....''award a prize'' |- | '''noysier'''....''pay off'' || '''noysuer'''....''charge'' |- | '''ojbier'''....''borrow'' || '''ojbuer'''....''lend'' |- | '''tadier'''....''get married'' || '''taduer'''....''marry off'' |- | '''papier'''....''take flight'' || '''papuer'''....''send off flying'' |- | '''pipier'''....''set sail'' || '''pipuer'''....''dock'' |- | '''simbier'''....''take a seat'' || '''simbuer'''....''offer a seat'' |- | '''tampier'''....''leave home'' || '''tampuer'''....''arrive home'' |- | '''tamier'''....''settle in'' || '''tamuer'''....''shelter'' |- | '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' |- | '''telier'''....''to eat'' || '''teluer'''....''to feed'' |- | '''gonbier'''....''to participate'' || '''gonbuer'''....''to share'' |- | '''tilier'''....''to drink'' || '''tiluer'''....''to ply with drink'' |- | '''teubier'''....''to swallow'' || '''teubuer'''....''to spit out'' |- | '''teatier'''....''to observe, watch'' || '''teatuer'''....''to show'' |- | '''taxier'''....''to memorize'' || '''taxuer'''....''to remind'' |- | '''alier'''....''to breathe in'' || '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, expire'' |- | '''ilier'''....''to absorb'' || '''iluer'''....''to pour'' |- | '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' || '''ifuer'''....''to please'' |- | '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''duer'''....''to suggest'' |- | '''tier'''....''to learn'' || '''tuer'''....''to inform'' |- | '''pier'''....''to depart'' || '''puer'''....''to arrive'' |- | '''kebier'''....''to choose'' || '''kebuer'''....''to distribute'' |- | '''byier'''....''to originate'' || '''byuer'''....''to target'' |- | '''mempier'''....''to take off'' || '''mempuer'''....''to land'' |- | '''sinier'''....''visualize'' || '''sinuer'''....''display'' |- | '''xier'''....''to result'' || '''xuer'''....''to cause'' |- | '''yifier'''....''to get up the courage'' || '''yifuer'''....''to encourage, challenge'' |- | '''yafonier'''....''to gain power'' || '''yafonuer'''....''to empower'' |- | '''trier'''....''to become acquainted with'' || '''truer'''....''to acquaint with, introduce to'' |- | '''tepzexier'''....''to draw attention'' || '''tepzexuer'''....''to focus attention on'' |- | '''yekier'''....''to undertake'' || '''yekuer'''....''to challenge'' |- | '''dyunier'''....''to assume the name of'' || '''dyunuer'''....''to bestow the name of'' |- | '''abfinier'''....''to take advantage of'' || '''abfinuer'''....''to favor'' |} : In some cases, the directionality can be both ways in a verb, in which case the verb formant infix '''-ui-''' (a hybrid form) is used, eg.: ::* '''nunier '''....''to purchase'' (subject-directed) ::* '''nunuer'''....''to sell'' (patient-directed) ::* '''nunuier'''....''to trade'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''tier'''....''to learn, realize'' (subject-directed) ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform, tip off'' (patient-directed) ::* '''tuier'''....''to communicate'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''ebtuier'''....''to intercommunicate'' ::* '''alier'''....''to breathe in, inhale'' (subject-directed) ::* '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, exhale'' (patient-directed) ::* '''aluier'''....''to breathe, respire'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''bier '''....''to take'' (subject-directed) ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' (patient-directed) ::* '''buier'''....''to give and take, exchange'' (subject & patient-directed) == Bi-radical Verbs == : Some verbs are formed using two verb roots together. Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Bi-radical Verbs |- ! Verb Root 1 !! Verb Root 2 !! Bi-radical Verb |- | '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' |- | '''nixer'''....''to earn'' || '''buer'''....''to give'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' |- | '''kexer'''....''to seek'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''kexbier'''....''to choose'' |- | '''uper'''....''to come'' || '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''updier'''....''to invite'' |- | '''teater'''....''to see'' || '''der'''....''to tell'' || '''teader'''....''to testify'' |- | '''teeter'''....''to hear'' || '''drer'''....''to write'' || '''teadrer'''....''to report'' |- | '''teater'''....''to see'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''teaper'''....''to visit'' |- | '''texer'''....''to think'' || '''der'''....''to say'' || '''texder'''....''to mention'' |- | '''kexer'''....''to seek'' || '''pixer'''....''to catch'' || '''kexpixer'''....''to hunt'' |- | '''yeker'''....''to try'' || '''teexer'''....''to listen'' || '''yekteexer'''....''to try (in court)'' |} == Verbs with Vectorial Prefixes == : Prepositions and directional adverbs can be prefixed to verbs in order to change their vectorial semantics. A preposition ending in '''b''' will assimilate by losing the '''b''' before the verb '''per'''....''to go'' or the verb '''ber'''. This assimilation does not occur for other verbs beginning with '''b''' such as '''byexer''' (''to hit''). A preposition ending in '''b''' will, however, assimilate (lose the '''b''') before any verb bases beginning with a '''p'''. For example, '''ab''' (''on'') + '''bexer''' (''to hold'') = '''obbexer''' (''to hold on''), because '''obexer''' could be interpreted as ''to release''. Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Prepositional Prefixes |- ! Preposition/Adverb !! Transitive Verb !! Intransitive Verb |- | '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''apply''<br>not '''abber'''! || '''aper'''....''get on''<br>not '''abper'''! |- | '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove'' || '''oper'''....''get off, dismount'' |- | '''ab'''....''off'' || '''abbaxrer'''....''to rub on'' || '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' |- | '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene'' |- | '''eb'''....''between'' || '''ebdrayefser'''....''to interleave'' || '''ebdrafxer'''....''to interleave'' |- | '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''uber'''....''to send'' || '''uper'''....''to come'' |- | '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''ubbixer'''...''to attract'' || '''upixer'''....''to pitch toward'' |- | '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' |- | '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''take down'' || '''yoper'''....''descend'' |- | '''yub'''....''near'' || '''yuber'''....''bring near'' || '''yuper'''....''approach'' |- | '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''go far away'' |- | '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter'' |- | '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yepuxer'''....''throw in'' || '''yepuser'''....''jump in'' |- | '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyeber'''....''expose'' || '''oyeper'''....''exit'' |- | '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyebbuxer'''....''expel'' || '''oyepuxer'''....''eject'' |- | '''zyu'''....''round'' || '''zyuber'''....''rotate'' || '''zyuper'''....''revolve'' |- | '''zya'''....''throughout'' || '''zyaber'''....''spread'' || '''zyaper'''....''tour'' |- | '''av'''....''for'' || '''avdaler'''....''plead'' || '''avper'''....''pursue'' |- | '''ov'''....''against'' || '''ovber'''....''oppose'' || '''ovper'''....''countervene'' |- | '''yan'''....''together'' || '''yanber'''....''compose'' || '''yanper'''....''meet'' |- | '''yon'''....''apart'' || '''yonber'''....''separate'' || '''yonper'''....''separate'' |- | '''iz'''....''direct'' || '''izber'''....''lead'' || '''izper'''....''head'' |- | '''uz'''....''curved'' || '''uzber'''....''divert'' || '''uzper'''....''diverge'' |- | '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzber'''....''surround'' || '''yuzper'''....''circulate'' |- | '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''transfer'' || '''yizper'''....''surpass'' |- | '''zoy'''....''back, re-'' || '''zoyber'''....''return'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back'' |} == Other Semantics-altering Verb Prefixes == : As in English and many other languages, prefixes can be used on verbs to reverse, mitigate, or otherwise alter the semantics: === Expressing ''re-'' with '''zoy-''' or '''gaw-''' === : The prefix '''zoy-'''....''back'' or '''gaw-¹'''....''again'' are used like the English prefix ''re-'', eg.: ::* '''ember'''....''to position'' → '''<u>zoy</u>-ember'''....''to <u>re</u>position, <u>re</u>place'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>zoy</u>buer'''....''to <u>re</u>turn (an object), give back'' ::* '''sanxer'''....''to shape, form'' → '''<u>zoy</u>sanxer'''....''to <u>re</u>shape, <u>re</u>form, <u>trans</u>form'' ::* '''zyauber'''....''to broadcast'' → '''gawzyauber'''....''to re-broadcast'' ::* '''taja'''....''born'' → '''gawtaja'''....''reborn'' ::* '''aber'''....''to apply'' → '''gawaber'''....''to reapply'' ::* '''teaper'''....''to visit'' → '''<u>gaw</u>teaper'''....''to <u>re</u>visit'' ::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''<u>zoy</u>-uper²'''....''to <u>re</u>turn, come <u>back</u>'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>zoy</u>buxer'''....''to <u>re</u>pel, push <u>back</u>'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zoy</u>puxer'''....''to <u>re</u>ject, throw <u>back</u>, jettison'' : Note 1: The prefix '''gaw-''' before a consonant is pronounced like the ''gaw'' in the English word ''gawk''. It is short for '''ga awa jod''' or '''gawa''' meaning ''one more time, again''. If the "re-" word means ''to do something again'', then '''gaw-''' is used, eg. ''To reconvene'' ( = ''meet again'')....'''gawyanuper''' If the sense of ''back'' is intended, than the prefix '''zoy-''' is used, eg. ''To return'' ( = ''come back'')....'''zoyuper'''. Both prefixes are used in the expression ''Come back again!''....'''Gawzoy-upu!'''. : Note 2: The prefix '''zoy''' is followed by a hyphen to make it clear that the prepositon is '''zoy''', not '''zo''' and that the base verb is '''uper''' (''come''), not '''yuper''' (''to approach''). :''Until we meet again'' or ''au revoir'' is expressed by '''Ju gawyanup.''' === Expressing ''de-, dis-, un-'' with '''lo-''' === : The prefix '''lo-''' reverses the semantics of a verb and is like English ''dis-'', ''de-'', or ''un-'', eg.: ::* '''sexer'''....''to build, construct'' → '''<u>lo</u>sexer'''....''to <u>de</u>stroy, <u>de</u>construct'' ::* '''anxer'''....''to unite'' → '''<u>lo</u>anxer'''....''to <u>dis</u>unite'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>lo</u>xer'''....''to <u>un</u>do'' : Note the difference between '''o-''' and '''lo-'''. ::* '''odoparuwa'''....''<u>un</u>armed'' (= ''not armed'') ::* '''lodoparuwa'''....''<u>dis</u>armed'' (= from the verb '''lodoparuer'''....''to disarm'') === Expressing ''co-'' with '''yan-''' === : The prefix '''yan-'''....''together'' is used as the English ''co-'', eg.: ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''<u>yan</u>exer'''....''to <u>co</u>operate'' ::* '''tamer'''....''to dwell'' → '''<u>yan</u>tamer'''....''to <u>co</u>habit'' ::* '''napber'''....''to put in order'' → '''<u>yan</u>napber'''....''to <u>co</u>ordinate'' === Making Verbs Completive with '''ik-''' === : Verbs can be made completive or perfective by prefixing them with '''ik-''' (''fully''). Such verbs are comparable to phrasal verbs in English with ''up'' and other prepositions as in ''to eat up''. Here are some examples in Mirad: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''iktojber'''....''to kill off, exterminate'' ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''iktelier'''....''to eat up'' ::* '''ujber'''....''to finish'' → '''ikujber'''....''to finish off/up'' ::* '''gofler'''....''to rip'' → '''ikgofler'''....''to rip up'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''ikdrer'''....''to write down'' ::* '''byexer'''....''to beat'' → '''ikbyexer'''....''to beat up'' ::* '''agser'''....''to grow'' → '''ikagser'''....''to grow up'' === Making Verbs Continuative with '''je-''' === : Verbs can be given a continuative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''je-''': ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''jedalar'''....''to go on talking, to blabber'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' → '''jetejer'''....''to go on living, to survive'' ::* '''yexer'''....''to work'' → '''jeyexer'''....''to go on working, to keep working'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''jeteaxer'''....''to watch'' ::* '''teexer'''....''to listen'' → '''jeteexer'''....''to keep listening, to pay attention'' ::* '''duler'''....''to insist'' → '''jeduler'''....''to nag'' === Making Verbs Inchoative with '''ij-''' === : Verbs can be given an inchoative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''ij-''': ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''ijtexer'''....''to start to think'' ::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' → '''ijifier'''....''to start liking'' ::* '''trer'''....''to know'' → '''ijtrer'''....''to get to know'' ::* '''baxer'''....''to stir'' → '''ijbaxer'''....''to instigate'' ::* '''byaxer'''....''to erect'' → '''ijbyaxer'''....''to establish, to institute'' ::* '''dezer'''....''to perform'' → '''ijdezer'''....''to premier, to debut'' ::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' → '''ijeser'''....''to come about'' ::* '''kaxer'''....''to find'' → '''ijkaxer'''....''to invent'' ::* '''magxer'''....''to burn'' → '''ijmagxer'''....''to kindle'' ::* '''saxer'''....''to make'' → '''ijsaxer'''....''to create'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''ijtexer'''....''to conceive'' ::* '''tuxer'''....''to teach'' → '''ijtuxer'''....''to initiate'' ::* '''xeler'''....''to celebrate'' → '''ijxeler'''....''to inaugurate'' === Making Verbs Terminative with '''uj-''' === : Verbs can be given a terminative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''uj-''': ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''ujtelier'''....''to finish eating'' ::* '''dyeer'''....''to read'' → '''ujdyeer'''....''to finish reading'' ::* '''ufteuder'''....''to complain'' → '''ujufteuder'''....''to quit carping'' ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' → '''ujaker'''....''to succeed'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''ujder'''....''to conclude'' ::* '''gaber'''....''to add'' → '''ujgaber'''....''to append, to added at the end'' ::* '''gyoxer'''....''to thin'' → '''ujgyoxer'''....''to taper'' ::* '''kyeser'''....''to happen'' → '''ujkyeser'''....''to turn out'' ::* '''oker'''....''to lose'' → '''ujoker'''....''to fail'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Pleasure with '''if-''' === ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''iftyoper'''....''to stroll'' ::* '''tuyuxer'''....''to finger'' → '''iftuyuxer'''....''to tickle'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''ifteaxer'''....''to ogle (voyeuristically)'' ::* '''piper'''....''to sail'' → '''ifpiper'''....''to go cruising'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''ifteuder'''....''to laugh'' ::* '''eker'''....''to play'' → '''ifeker'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''abbaxer'''....''to pat'' → '''ifabbaxer'''....''to fondle, to caress'' ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''ifaxler'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''ifbier'''....''to embrace, to adopt, to foster'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''ifbuer'''....''to donate, to gift'' ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' → '''ifbikuer'''....''to foster'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''ifbixer'''....''to entice, to tempt, to seduce'' ::* '''ebdaler'''....''to converse'' → '''ifebdaler'''....''to chitchat'' ::* '''mimparer'''....''to go boating'' → '''ifmimparer'''....''to go yachting'' ::* '''tayoxer'''....''to touch'' → '''iftayoxer'''....''to tickle, to titillate'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''ifteaxer'''....''to ogle, to feast one's eyes on, to moon over'' ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''iftelier'''....''to feast on'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''iftyoper'''....''to stroll, to jaunt, to promenade'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Displeasure with '''uf-''' === ::* '''tosier'''....''to feel'' → '''uftosier'''....''to get angry'' ::* '''eker'''....''to play'' → '''ufeker'''....''to fight'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''ufder'''....''to express displeasure'' ::* '''aluer'''....''to exhale'' → '''ufaluer'''....''to huff'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''ufdaler'''....''to rant'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''ufteaxer'''....''to scorn, to disdain'' ::* '''teuber'''....''to make an expression'' → '''ufteuber'''....''to frown'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''ufteuder'''....''to grouse, to gripe'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Prohibition with '''of-''' === ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''ofbier'''....''to steal'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''ofdeler'''....''to ban'' ::* '''yeper'''....''to enter'' → '''ofyeper'''....''to intrude, break in'' ::* '''zeyper'''....''to cross'' → '''ofzeyper'''....''to transgress, poach'' ::* '''gelxer'''....''to copy'' → '''ofgelxer'''....''to pirate, plagiarize'' ::* '''bekuluer'''....''to administer medicine'' → '''ofbekuluer'''....''to dope'' ::* '''nuxuer'''....''to pay'' → '''ofnuxuer'''....''to bribe, pay off, suborn'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Holiness with '''fya-''' === ::* '''bexler'''....''to keep'' → '''fyabexler'''....''to enshrine'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''fyabuer'''....''to sacrifice'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fyader'''....''to bless'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''fyadaler'''....''to preach, sermonize'' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' → '''fyadiler'''....''to pray'' ::* '''deuzer'''....''to sing'' → '''fyadeuzer'''....''to chant'' ::* '''ifrer'''....''to love dearly'' → '''fyaifrer'''....''to worship, adore'' ::* '''jader'''....''to predict'' → '''fyajader'''....''to prophesy'' ::* '''miluer'''....''to sprinkle'' → '''fyamiluer'''....''to sprinkle with holy water'' ::* '''ojvader'''....''to promise'' → '''fyaojvader'''....''to swear'' ::* '''xeler'''....''to practice'' → '''fyaxeler'''....''to celebrate'' ::* '''koser'''....''to hide'' → '''fyakoser'''....''to go on a retreat, go into hermitage'' ::* '''teazer'''....''perform a show'' → '''fyateazer'''....''to perform a miracle'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Profanity with '''fyo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fyoder'''....''to curse'' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' → '''fyodiler'''....''to conjure'' ::* '''tyezer'''....''to perform magic'' → '''fyotezer'''....''to engage in black magic'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''fyoxer'''....''to sin'' === Expressing Good Actions with '''fi-''' === ::* '''agser'''....''to grow'' → '''fiagser'''....''to thrive, to flourish'' ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''fiaxler'''....''to behave well'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fider'''....''to praise'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''fideler'''....''to approve'' ::* '''datiber'''....''to host'' → '''fidatiber'''....''to welcome'' ::* '''diber'''....''to manage'' → '''fidiber'''....''to husband'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be silent'' → '''fidoler'''....''to be discrete'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''fiduer'''....''to recommend'' ::* '''ebexler'''....''to interact'' → '''fiebexler'''....''to get along well'' ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''fiexer'''....''to operate smoothly'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''fifer'''....''to mean well'' ::* '''ijer'''....''to start'' → '''fiijer'''....''to get a good start'' ::* '''nagser'''....''to measure'' → '''finagser'''....''to adapt'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange'' → '''finapxer'''....''to tidy up, to neaten'' ::* '''ojfer'''....''to wish'' → '''fiojfer'''....''to wish well'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''fiper'''....''to fare well, to prosper'' ::* '''teaser'''....''to seem'' → '''fiteaser'''....''to look nice'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''fiteaxer'''....''to admire'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' → '''fitejer'''....''to thrive'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''fiteuder'''....''to acclaim, to laud'' ::* '''tosuer'''....''to make feel'' → '''fitosuer'''....''to exhilarate'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' → '''fitujer'''....''to sleep soundly'' ::* '''yaker'''....''to expect'' → '''fiyaker'''....''to hope'' ::* '''yuxer'''....''to help'' → '''fiyuxer'''....''to benefit'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''fixer'''....''to do well'' === Expressing Bad Actions with '''fu-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''fuaxler'''....''to misbehave'' ::* '''bekuer'''....''to treat'' → '''fubekuer'''....''to mistreat, to maltreat'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''fubexer'''....''to fumble'' ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' → '''fubikuer'''....''to neglect'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''fudaler'''....''to speak ill of, to badmouth'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''fudeler''''....''to denounce'' ::* '''diber'''....''to manage'' → '''fudiber'''....''to mismanage, to maladminister'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be quiet'' → '''fudoler'''....''to sulk'' ::* '''dezgonuer'''....''to cast'' → '''fudezgonuer'''....''to miscast'' ::* '''exer'''....''to function'' → '''fuexer'''....''to malfunction'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''fufer'''....''to wish ill'' ::* '''fyiduer'''....''to advise'' → '''fufyiduer'''....''to ill-advise'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange'' → '''funapxer'''....''to mess up'' ::* '''yevder'''....''to judge'' → '''fuyevder'''....''to critique negatively'' ::* '''yuxer'''....''to help'' → '''fuyuxer'''....''to abuse'' === Expressing More Intense Actions with '''az-''' === ::* '''abbixer'''....''to attract'' → '''<u>az</u>abbixer'''....''to infatuate'' ::* '''aluer'''....''to blow'' → '''<u>az</u>aluer'''....''to huff'' ::* '''basrer'''....''to shake'' → '''<u>az</u>basrer'''....''to convulse'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''<u>az</u>bexer'''....''to clutch'' ::* '''birer'''....''to grab''' → '''<u>az</u>birer'''....''to seize'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push''' → '''<u>az</u>buxer'''....''to prod'' ::* '''byexer'''....''to strike'' → '''<u>az</u>byexer'''....''to stomp, to hit hard'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>az</u>der'''....''to emphasize'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>az</u>duer'''....''to urge'' ::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>az</u>dizeuder'''....''to guffaw'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>az</u>fer'''....''to crave'' ::* '''fuyevder'''....''to criticize'' → '''<u>az</u>fuyevder'''....''to lambaste'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>az</u>yujber'''....''to lock'' === Expressing Less Intense Actions with '''oz-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to utter'' → '''<u>oz</u>der'''....''to whisper'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>oz</u>duer'''....''to hint'' ::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>oz</u>dizeuder'''....''to chuckle'' ::* '''uvteuder'''....''to moan'' → '''<u>oz</u>uvteuder'''....''to whimper'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>oz</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' === Expressing ''pre-, fore-'' with '''ja-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to tell'' → '''<u>ja</u>der'''....''to foretell, predict'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''<u>ja</u>teater'''....''to foresee, preview'' ::* '''ter'''....''to know'' → '''<u>ja</u>ter'''....''to presage, have foreknowledge of'' ::* '''yever'''....''to judge'' → '''<u>ja</u>yever'''....''to prejudge'' ::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''<u>ja</u>juder'''....''to antedate'' === Expressing ''post-, after-'' with '''jo-''' === ::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''<u>jo</u>juder'''....''to postdate'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>jo</u>texer'''....''to reflect on, review'' ::* '''uvder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>jo</u>uvder'''....''to mourn, regret'' ::* '''ibler'''....''to obtain'' → '''<u>jo</u>ibler'''....''to inherit'' === Expressing ''excessively'' with '''gra-''' === ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''<u>gra</u>telier'''....''to overeat'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>gra</u>fer'''....''to covet'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>gra</u>der'''....''to exaggerate'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>gra</u>daler'''....''to yammer'' === Expressing ''inadequately'' with '''gro-''' === ::* '''fyinder'''....''to value'' → '''<u>gro</u>fyinder'''....''to underestimate'' ::* '''mageler'''....''to cook'' → '''<u>gro</u>mageler'''....''to undercook'' ::* '''xaer'''....''to perform'' → '''<u>gro</u>xaer'''....''to underperform'' === Expressing ''counter-, contra-'' with '''ov-''' or '''oyv-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''<u>ov</u>axler'''....''to counteract'' ::* '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' → '''<u>ov</u>apyexer'''....''to counterattack'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>ov</u>daler'''....''to oppose'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>oyv</u>der'''....''to contradict'' ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oyv</u>ber'''....''to reverse, overturn'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>oyv</u>texer'''....''to contest, disagree'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>oyv</u>per'''....''to contravene'' === Expressing ''on behalf, for'' with '''av-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''<u>av</u>axler'''....''to act on behalf of'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>av</u>daler'''....''to advocate, speak on behalf of'' ::* '''dyundrer'''....''to sign'' → '''<u>av</u>dyundrer'''....''to endorse'' === Making Verbs Reflexive with '''ut-''' (''self-, auto-'') === ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>ut</u>tojber'''....''to commit suicide'' ::* '''vyovider'''....''to flatter'' → '''<u>ut</u>vyovider'''....''to flatter oneself'' ::* '''zaypuxwer'''....''to be propelled'' → '''<u>ut</u>zaypuxwer'''....''to be self-propelled'' ::* '''fider'''....''to praise'' → '''<u>ut</u>fider'''....''to brag'' ::* '''gober'''....''to decrement'' → '''<u>ut</u>gober'''....''to autodecrement'' === Making Verbs Reciprocal with '''hyuit-''' (''one another'') === ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>hyuit</u>tojber'''....''to kill one another'' ::* '''ifer'''....''to love'' → '''<u>hyuit</u>ifer'''....''to love one another'' === Expressing ''inter-, intra-'' with '''eb-''' (''between'') or '''eyb-''' (''among'') === ::* '''tadier'''....''to marry'' → '''<u>eb</u>tadier'''....''to intermarry'' ::* '''zyaber'''....''to spread'' → '''<u>eb</u>zyaber'''....''to intersperse'' ::* '''vyexer'''....''to relate'' → '''<u>eb</u>vyexer'''....''to interrelate'' ::* '''mulxer'''....''to materialize'' → '''<u>eyb</u>mulxer'''....''to mix'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>eyb</u>xer'''....''to interest, to involve'' === Expressing the Opposite of an Action with '''o-''' (''un-'') === ::* '''bexler'''....''to keep'' → '''<u>o</u>bexler'''....''to release, let go of'' ::* '''aynser'''....''to integrate'' → '''<u>o</u>aynser'''....''to disintegrate, to decay'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>o</u>beler'''....''to drop'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>o</u>bier'''....''to leave, relinquish'' ::* '''boser'''....''to be quiet'' → '''<u>o</u>boser'''....''to be upset'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>o</u>drer'''....''to erase'' ::<small>Note: If the base verb already begins with the negative prefix '''o-''', then the prefix is changed to '''ol-''', eg. '''obexler'''....''to release'' → '''<u>ol</u>obexwa'''....''to unrelease'' </small> === Expressing a Public or Official Action with '''do-''' === :: '''Do-''' is a stub for '''dot''' (''society''). ::* '''afder'''....''to allow'' → '''<u>do</u>afder'''....''to authorize'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>do</u>bier'''....''to conquer, take over, take control of'' ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>do</u>tojber'''....''to execute'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>do</u>buer'''....''to dedicate'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>do</u>daler'''....''to orate, speak in public'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''<u>do</u>deler'''....''to announce'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>do</u>drer'''....''to publicize, report'' ::* '''direr'''....''to demand'' → '''<u>do</u>direr'''....''to mandate, to dictate'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>do</u>drer'''....''to publicize'' ::* '''drurer'''....''to print'' → '''<u>do</u>drurer'''....''to publish'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>do</u>duer'''....''to propose, to move'' ::* '''durer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>do</u>durer'''....''to decree'' ::* '''dyeder'''....''to recite'' → '''<u>do</u>dyeder'''....''to declaim'' ::* '''dyeer'''....''to read'' → '''<u>do</u>dyeer'''....''to lecture'' ::* '''ebdaler'''....''to discuss'' → '''<u>do</u>ebdaler'''....''to deliberate'' ::* '''eber'''....''to block'' → '''<u>do</u>eber'''....''to enjoin, to restrain'' ::* '''fuxer'''....''to do bad'' → '''<u>do</u>fuxer'''....''to commit a crime'' ::* '''kebier'''....''to choose'' → '''<u>do</u>kebier'''....''to elect'' ::* '''lonapxer'''....''to mess up'' → '''<u>do</u>lonapxer'''....''to riot'' ::* '''naxgaxer'''....''to raise prices'' → '''<u>do</u>naxgaxer'''....''to auction off'' ::* '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' → '''<u>do</u>nixbuer'''....''to hawk'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Truth with '''vya-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vya</u>der'''....''to avow, to be frank'' ::* '''ber'''....''to set, put'' → '''<u>vya</u>ber'''....''to control'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>vya</u>bier'''....''to postulate'' ::* '''boler'''....''to support'' → '''<u>vya</u>boler'''....''to prove'' ::* '''duder'''....''to answer'' → '''<u>vya</u>duder'''....''to solve'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>vya</u>duer'''....''to allege'' ::* '''nadxer'''....''to line up'' → '''<u>vya</u>nadxer'''....''to align'' ::* '''nagxer'''....''to measure'' → '''<u>vya</u>nagxer'''....''to fit'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange, order'' → '''<u>vya</u>napxer'''....''to adjust'' ::* '''nazaxer'''....''to evaluate'' → '''<u>vya</u>nazaxer'''....''to corroborate'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>vya</u>kexer'''....''to investigate'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>vya</u>tuer'''....''to advise'' === Giving Verbs of Nuance of Falseness with '''vyo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vyo</u>der'''....''to lie, to misstate'' ::* '''tester'''....''to understand'' → '''<u>vyo</u>tester'''....''to misunderstand'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>vyo</u>tuer'''....''to misinform, to deceive'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>vyo</u>xer'''....''to do wrong, fail, misdo'' ::* '''yuxler'''....''to serve'' → '''<u>vyo</u>yuxler'''....''to betray, to serve unfaithfully'' === Making Verbs Positive with '''va-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>va</u>der'''....''to affirm'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>va</u>texer'''....''to believe'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to expect'' → '''<u>va</u>yeker'''....''to presume'' ::* '''bier'''.....''to take'' → '''<u>va</u>bier'''....''to accept'' === Making Verbs Negative with '''vo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vo</u>der'''....''to deny'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>vo</u>texer'''....''to doubt'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to expect'' → '''<u>vo</u>yeker'''....''to rule out'' ::* '''bier'''.....''to take'' → '''<u>vo</u>bier'''....''to reject'' === Making Verbs Suppositional with '''ve-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ve</u>der'''....''to conjecture'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>ve</u>texer'''....''to suppose, hypothesize'' ::* '''yovder'''....''to blame'' → '''<u>ve</u>yovder'''....''to indict, accuse'' === Speeding up Verbs with '''ig-''' === ::* '''pier'''....''to leave'' → '''<u>ig</u>pier'''....''to flee'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to drop'' → '''<u>ig</u>pyoser'''....''to plummet'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>ig</u>tyoper'''....''to run'' ::* '''yeper'''....''to enter'' → '''<u>ig</u>yeper'''....''to rush in'' === Slowing up Verbs with '''ug-''' === ::* '''paser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>ug</u>paser'''....''to amble'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ug</u>teaxer'''....''to gaze'' ::* '''ilper'''....''to flow'' → '''<u>ug</u>ilper'''....''to trickle'' ::* '''tilier'''....''to drink'' → '''<u>ug</u>tilier'''....''to sip'' === Expressing the Nuance of Suddenness with '''yok-''' === ::* '''baxer'''....''to stir'' → '''<u>yok</u>baxer'''....''to startle'' ::* '''hihider'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>yok</u>hihider'''....''to burst out laughing'' ::* '''teaser'''....''to appear'' → '''<u>yok</u>teaser'''....''to suddenly appear'' ::* '''yoktojer'''....''to die'' → '''<u>yok</u>tojer'''....''to drop dead'' === Expressing the Notion of Fixedness with '''kyo-''' === ::* '''byaser'''....''to stand'' → '''<u>kyo</u>byaser'''....''to stand still'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>kyo</u>kexer'''....''to hound, stalk'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>kyo</u>teaxer'''....''to stare, glare'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>kyo</u>texer'''....''to obsess with, fixate on'' === Expression the Notion of Randomness or Chance with '''kye-'''=== ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>kye</u>der'''....''to guess, divine'' ::* '''per'''....''to per'' → '''<u>kye</u>per'''....''to fluctuate'' ::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' → '''<u>kye</u>poper'''....''to wander'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>kye</u>napxer'''....''to scramble, shuffle'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>kye</u>bier'''....''to select'' ::* '''kaxer'''....''to find'' → '''<u>kye</u>kaxer'''....''to discover, to find by chance'' ::* '''vyabxer'''....''to check'' → '''<u>kye</u>vabxer'''....''to spot check'' === Expressing the Notion of Change with '''kya-''' === ::* '''baser'''....''to make a move'' → '''<u>kya</u>baser'''....''to shift'' ::* '''sanxer'''....''to form'' → '''<u>kya</u>sanxer'''....''to transform'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do/make'' → '''<u>kya</u>xer'''....''to change'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>kya</u>napxer'''....''to shuffle'' ::* '''dyanxer'''....''to phrase'' → '''<u>kya</u>dyanxer'''....''to paraphrase'' === Expressing Covert Actions with '''ko-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ko</u>ber'''....''to hide'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>ko</u>beler'''....''to smuggle'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>ko</u>bier'''....''to steal'' ::* '''ebkyaxer'''....''to exchange'' → '''<u>ko</u>ebkyaxer'''....''to traffic'' ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''<u>ko</u>exer'''....''to spy, operate under cover'' ::* '''fler'''....''to wish for'' → '''<u>ko</u>fler'''....''to covet, be jealous of'' ::* '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' → '''<u>ko</u>apyexer'''....''to ambush, to sneak-attack'' ::* '''loexer'''....''to destroy'' → '''<u>ko</u>loexer'''....''to sabotage'' === Expressing Actions with Intentionality with '''ke-''' === ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ke</u>teaxer'''....''to scan'' ::* '''vyaxer'''....''to prove'' → '''<u>ke</u>vyaxer'''....''to experiment'' ::* '''tier'''....''to learn'' → '''<u>ke</u>tier'''....''to be interested in'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>ke</u>bier'''....''to choose'' ::* '''pexer'''....''to catch'' → '''<u>ke</u>pexer'''....''to hunt'' === Expressing Lateral Actions with '''ku-''' === ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>ku</u>buxer'''....''to rebuff, shun'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ku</u>der'''....''to comment, remark'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to step'' → '''<u>ku</u>tyoper'''....''to step aside'' === Expressing Diagonal Actions with '''ki-''' === ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ki</u>teaxer'''....''to look askance at'' ::* '''tuxer'''....''to teach'' → '''<u>ki</u>tuxer'''....''to brainwash'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>ki</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>ki</u>pyoser'''....''to slip and fall'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>ki</u>per'''....''to slide'' === Expressing Near Actions with '''yub-'''=== ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>yub</u>der'''....''to intimate, hint'' ::* '''gexer'''....''to equate'' → '''<u>yub</u>gexer'''....''to approximate'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''<u>yub</u>bixer'''....''to attract, draw near'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yub</u>teaxer'''....''to scrutinize, examine'' === Expressing Distance Actions with '''yib-''' (''far, tele-'') === ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>yib</u>drer'''....''to wire, telegraph'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''<u>yi(b)</u>bixer'''....''to distract'' ::* '''tuier'''....''to communicate'' → '''<u>yib</u>tuier'''....''to telecommunicate'' ::* '''nyuxer'''....''to deliver'' → '''<u>yib</u>nyuxer'''....''to mail, post'' === Expressing ''up-, super-'' with '''yab-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ya(b)</u>ber'''....''to raise, to put up'' ::* '''bixler'''....''to drag'' → '''<u>ya(b)</u>bixler'''....''to dredge up'' ::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''<u>yab</u>uper'''....''to come up'' ::* '''nogyanxer'''....''to scale'' → '''<u>yab</u>nogyanxer'''....''to scale up, escalate'' === Expressing ''down-, sub-'' with '''yob-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>yo(b)</u>ber'''....''to lower, put down'' ::* '''kyaber'''....''to shift'' → '''<u>yob</u>kyaxer'''....''to downshift'' ::* '''musper'''....''to climb'' → '''<u>yob</u>musper'''....''to climb down'' ::* '''nogyanxer'''....''to scale'' → '''<u>yob</u>nogyanxer'''....''to downscale'' === Expressing ''in-'' with '''yeb-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ye(b)</u>ber'''....''to insert, put in'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>ye(b)</u>beler'''....''to import'' ::* '''uzber'''....''to bend'' → '''<u>yeb</u>uzber'''....''to inflect'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>yeb</u>yujber'''....''to enclose, include'' === Expressing ''out-, ex-, extra-'' with '''oyeb-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oye</u>ber'''....''to put out, expose'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>oye</u>beler'''....''to export'' ::* '''uber'''....''to send'' → '''<u>oyeb</u>uber'''....''to emit, send out'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>oyeb</u>yujber'''....''to exclude'' === Expressing ''pro-, forward'' with '''zay-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>zay</u>ber'''....''to advance, put forward'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>zay</u>kexer'''....''to scout out'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zay</u>puxer'''....''to propel, thrust'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>zay</u>tyoper'''....''to progress, to walk forward'' === Expressing ''back-, retro-, re-'' with '''zoy-''' === ::* '''uber'''....''to send'' → '''<u>zoy</u>ber'''....''to send back'' ::* '''kixer'''....''to bend'' → '''<u>zoy</u>kixer'''....''to reflect'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zoy</u>puxer'''....''to repel'' ::* '''neadper'''....''to track'' → '''<u>zoy</u>neadper'''....''to backtrack'' === Expressing ''across, trans-, over-, cross-'' with '''zey-''' === ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zey</u>per'''....''to cross, transit'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>zey</u>beler'''....''to transport, convey'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>zey</u>drer'''....''to transcribe'' ::* '''kyober'''....''to fix'' → '''<u>zey</u>kyober'''....''to transfix, transplant'' ::* '''vyayeker'''....''to check'' → '''<u>zey</u>vyayeker'''....''to crosscheck'' === Expressing ''through, per-'' with '''zye-''' === ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zye</u>per'''....''to permeate, get through'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>zye</u>kexer'''....''to rummage, sift through'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>zye</u>drer'''....''to cross out, draw a line through'' ::* '''iluer'''....''to pour'' → '''<u>zye</u>iluer'''....''to soak'' ::* '''koper'''....''to sneak'' → '''<u>zye</u>koper'''....''to sneak through'' === Expressing ''all over, widely, all about'' with '''zya-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>zya</u>ber'''....''to spread'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>zya</u>buer'''....''to distribute'' ::* '''ijber'''....''to open'' → '''<u>zya</u>ijber'''....''to open wide'' ::* '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' → '''<u>zya</u>nuxer'''....''to disburse'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zya</u>puxer'''....''to scatter, cast about'' === Expressing ''mid-, center'' with '''ze-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ze</u>ber'''....''to balance'' ::* '''byaser'''....''to stand'' → '''<u>ze</u>byaser'''....''to straddle'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ze</u>der'''....''to interject'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>ze</u>pyoser'''....''to sag'' ::* '''poxer'''....''to stop'' → '''<u>ze</u>poxer'''....''to interrupt'' === Expressing ''futurity'' with '''oj-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oj</u>ber'''....''to put off, postpone'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>oj</u>bier'''....''to borrow'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>oj</u>fer'''....''to wish, aspire'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>oj</u>texer'''....''to plan'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''<u>oj</u>teater'''....''to envision'' ::* '''vader'''....''to affirm'' → '''<u>oj</u>vader'''....''to promise'' === Expressing ''past'' with '''aj-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>aj</u>ber'''....''to pass, relegate to the past'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>aj</u>der'''....''to evoke, hearken, recount'' ::* '''embier'''....''to occupy'' → '''<u>aj</u>embier'''....''to haunt'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>aj</u>texer'''....''to reminisce, to reflect'' ::* '''uvtosder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>aj</u>uvtosder'''....''to apologize'' ::* '''nexer'''....''to store'' → '''<u>aj</u>nexer'''....''to archive'' === Expressing ''present'' with '''ej-''' === ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>ej</u>buer'''....''to present'' ::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' → '''<u>ej</u>eser'''....''to attend, to be present'' ::* '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' → '''<u>ej</u>nuxer'''....''to pay cash'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>ej</u>tuer'''....''to update'' ::* '''uvtosder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>ej</u>uvtosder'''....''to apologize'' === Expressing a stretched out action with '''yag-''' (''long'') === ::* '''beser'''....''to stay'' → '''<u>yag</u>beser'''....''to linger'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''<u>yag</u>bexer'''....''to conserve, preserve'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>yag</u>daler'''....''to ramble'' ::* '''dodaler'''....''to orate'' → '''<u>yag</u>dodaler'''....''to harangue'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>yag</u>fer'''....''to yearn, pine'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yag</u>teaxer'''....''to stare'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>yag</u>fer'''....''to yearn, pine'' === Expressing a brief action with '''yog-''' (''short'') === ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>yog</u>drer'''....''to abbreviate'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yog</u>teaxer'''....''to glance at'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' → '''<u>yog</u>tujer'''....''to snooze, nap'' ::* '''gobler'''....''to cut'' → '''<u>yog</u>gobler'''....''to cut short, truncate'' === Some Hybrid Prefixes === The prefix '''kui-''' is a hybrid of '''ku-''' (''lateral'') and '''ki-''' (''diagonal'') ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>kui</u>per'''....''to wobble'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>kui</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' The prefix '''zao-''' is a truncated hybrid of '''zay-''' (''forward'') and '''zoy-''' (''backwards''), eg: ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>zao</u>baser'''....''to rock'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zao</u>per'''....''to alternate'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>kui</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>kui</u>pyoser'''....''to pendulate'' The prefix '''yaob-''' is a hybrid of '''yab-''' (''up'') and '''yob-''' (''down''). The final '''b-''' is assimilated or dropped before a '''b''' or '''p'''. ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>yao</u>baser'''....''to bob'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>yao</u>per'''....''to heave'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>yao</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''peper'''....''to ride'' → '''<u>yao</u>peper'''....''to jounce'' ::* '''puser'''....''to jump'' → '''<u>yao</u>puser'''....''to hop, bounce'' The prefix '''bui-''' is a hybrid of '''bu-''' (''to'') and '''bi-''' (''from''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>bui</u>drer'''....''to correspond'' ::* '''-er'''....''to x'' → '''<u>bui</u>er'''....''to trade'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>bui</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>bui</u>xer'''....''to push and pull, spring'' ::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' → '''<u>bui</u>poper'''....''to travel to and fro, travel round trip'' The prefix '''uiz-''' is a hybrid of '''uz-''' (''crooked'') and '''iz-''' (''straight''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>uiz</u>drer'''....''to squiggle'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>uiz</u>der'''....''to equivocate'' ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>uiz</u>baser'''....''to wiggle, to squirm'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>uiz</u>per'''....''to careen, reel'' ::* '''paser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>uiz</u>paser'''....''to swerve, yaw'' The prefix '''zui-''' is a hybrid of '''zu-''' (''left'') and '''zi-''' (''right''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>uiz</u>drer'''....''to squiggle'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>zui</u>buxer'''....''to push around'' ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>zui</u>baser'''....''to sway, totter'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zui</u>per'''....''to zigzag'' ::* '''pasler'''....''to shake'' → '''<u>zui</u>pasler'''....''to wobble'' The prefix '''aoyeb-''' is a hybrid of '''(a)yeb-''' (''in'') and '''oyeb-''' (''out''), eg: ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>aoye</u>ber'''....''to insert and extract'' ::* '''tiexer'''....''to breathe'' → '''<u>aoye</u>tiexer'''....''to breath in and out'' ::* '''paper'''....''to fly'' → '''<u>aoye</u>paper'''....''to fly in and out'' The prefix '''aob-''' is a hybrid of '''ab-''' (''on'') and '''ob-''' (''off''), eg: ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ao</u>ber'''....''to put on and off'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>ao</u>per'''....''to get on and off, embark and disembark'' The prefix '''vao-''' is a hybrid of '''va-''' (''yes'') and '''vo-''' (''no''), eg: ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vao</u>der'''....''to decide'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>vao</u>daler'''....''to waffle'' ::* '''duder'''....''to answer'' → '''<u>vao</u>duder'''....''to answer yes or no'' ::* '''kyaxer'''....''to change'' → '''<u>vao</u>kyaxer'''....''to redact'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>vao</u>texer'''....''to deliberate, vacillate'' The prefix '''uij''' is a hybrid of '''uj-''' (''end'') and '''ij-''' (''begin'') ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>uij</u>ber'''....''to switch off and on'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>uij</u>daler'''....''to stutter'' The prefix '''yuij''' is a hybrid of '''yuj-''' (''close'') and '''yij-''' (''open'') ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>yuij</u>ber'''....''to open and close, blink'' The prefix '''huim''' is a hybrid of '''hum''' (''there'') and '''him''' (''there'') ::* '''paper'''....''to fly'' → '''<u>huim</u>paper'''....''to fly here and yon'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>huim</u>per'''....''to wander'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>huim</u>kexer'''....''to search high and low'' === Different Nuances of '''teaxer''' with Prefixes === <div style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}}; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|3}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}};font-size:smaller;";> ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look, behold, regard'' ::* '''aybteaxer'''....''to supervise, look over'' ::* '''ajteaxer'''....''to look back on (retrospect)'' ::* '''eynteaxer'''....''to squint'' ::* '''fizteaxer'''....''to respect'' ::* '''fuzteaxer'''....''to disrespect'' ::* '''gawteaxer'''....''to review, re-look'' ::* '''hyuitteaxer'''....''to look at one another'' ::* '''ibteaxer'''....''to ignore'' ::* '''igteaxer'''....''to glance, glimpse'' ::* '''ifteaxer'''....''to marvel at'' ::* '''izteaxer'''....''to view directly, confront, aim'' ::* '''jateaxer'''....''to preview'' ::* '''jeteaxer'''....''to watch, observe'' ::* '''joteaxer'''....''to review'' ::* '''kateaxer'''....''to look for'' ::* '''keteaxer'''....''to scan'' ::* '''kiteaxer'''....''to look askance'' ::* '''koteaxer'''....''to peek, spy'' ::* '''kozyeteaxer'''....''to peep'' ::* '''kozyoteaxer'''....''to peer'' ::* '''kuteaxer'''....''to observe'' ::* '''kyeteaxer'''....''to browse'' ::* '''kyoteaxer'''....''to stare, glare'' ::* '''oteaxer'''....''to ignore, overlook'' ::* '''ufteaxer'''....''to glare, leer'' ::* '''ugteaxer'''....''to gaze'' ::* '''yagteaxer'''....''to gape, gawk'' ::* '''yebteaxer'''....''to inspect'' ::* '''yibteaxer'''....''to view from afar'' ::* '''yogteaxer'''....''to glance at'' ::* '''yokteaxer'''....''to get a glimpse of'' ::* '''yubteaxer'''....''to examine'' ::* '''yuibteaxer'''....''to look near and far'' ::* '''yuzteaxer'''....''to look around, circumspect'' ::* '''yanteaxer'''....''to view together'' ::* '''yizteaxer'''....''to look beyond, overlook'' ::* '''vyateaxer'''....''to investigate, check out'' ::* '''vyoteaxer'''....''to view wrongly'' ::* '''zateaxer'''....''to face, confront'' ::* '''zayteaxer'''....''to look ahead, expect'' ::* '''zoyteaxer'''....''to look back'' ::* '''zeyteaxer'''....''to look across'' ::* '''ziteaxer'''....''to look to the right'' ::* '''zuteaxer'''....''to look to the left'' ::* '''zuiteaxer'''....''to look right and left'' ::* '''zyateaxer'''....''to look all over, survey'' ::* '''zyeteaxer'''....''to look through, peruse'' ::* '''zyoteaxer'''....''to squint'' ::* '''yobteaxer'''....''to look down'' ::* '''yaobteaxer'''....''to look up and down'' ::* '''zaoteaxer'''....''to look back and forth'' ::* '''yabteaxer'''....''to look up'' ::* '''yubketeaxer'''....''to pry'' ::* '''uzteaxer'''....''to look indirectly at'' ::* '''oyebteaxer'''....''to look out'' ::* '''ojteaxer'''....''to peer into the future'' ::* '''marteaxer'''....''to star-gaze'' ::* '''tabteaxer'''....''to autopsy'' </div> == Modal Verbs == : Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are usually followed by the main verb in the infinitive or a subjunctive dependent clause and have to do with wanting, permitting, prohibiting, being able, being unable, needing, being obliged to do something, etc. ==== Principal Modal Auxiliary Verbs ==== [[File:Ladies Should Listen poster.jpg|thumb|]] : Mirad has a set of modal auxiliary verbs that can be followed by a main verb in the infinitive mode. This is very much like English modal auxiliary verbs in the following examples: ::* ''I <u>want</u> to go.'' ::* ''You <u>must</u> wait.'' ::* ''You <u>may</u> stay.'' ::* ''I <u>dare</u> say.'' : Here is a chart showing the main modal auxiliary verbs in Mirad: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Principle Modal Auxiliary Verbs |- ! Type !! Positive !! Negative |- ! Permission | '''afer'''....''may''<br>'''ayfer'''....''might'' || '''ofer'''....''may not''<br>'''oyfer'''....''might not'' |- ! Ability | '''yafer'''....''can''||'''yofer'''....''cannot'' |- ! Need | '''efer'''....''need to'' || |- ! Obligation | '''yefer'''....''must''<br>'''yeyfer'''....''should'' ||'''oyefer'''....''must not''<br>'''oyeyfer'''....''should not'' |- ! Desire | '''fer'''....''want to'' || |- ! Enjoyment | '''ifer'''....''love to, enjoy''<br>'''iyfer'''....''like to'' || '''ufer'''....''hate to''<br>'''uyfer'''....''dislike to'' |- ! Courage |'''yifer'''....''dare to'' || '''yufer'''....''be afraid to, fear'' |- ! Liberty | '''yiver'''....''have a right to, be free to'' || '''yuver'''....''be bound to, be supposed to'' |- ! Expectation | '''yaker'''....''expect to'' || '''yoker'''....''be surprised to'' |- ! Conation | '''yeker'''....''try to'' || |- ! Difficulty | '''yiker'''....''to find it hard to'' || '''yuker'''....''to find it easy to'' |} : These modal auxiliary verbs are often followed by a verbal infinitive, as in the following examples: ::* '''At fe <u>ter</u>.'''....''I want <u>to know</u>.'' ::* '''Wit yifa <u>yeper</u>.'''....''He dared <u>to enter</u>.'' ::* '''Yat yafe <u>teater</u> yet.'''....''We can <u>see</u> you.'' ::* '''Duven et yaka <u>aker</u>?'''....''Did you expect <u>to win</u>?'' ::* '''Diwe yeku <u>xer</u> ga fi.'''....''Please try <u>to do</u> better.'' : If the modal verb is in the hypothetical aspect (conditional), then the sense is somewhat mitigated, as in these examples: :* '''At <u>fe</u> per.'''....''I <u>want</u> to go.'' :* '''At <u>fu</u> per.'''....''I <u>would</u> like to go.'' :* '''Et <u>yafe</u> aker.'''....''You <u>can</u> win.'' :* '''Et <u>yafu</u> aker.'''....''You <u>could</u> win.'' :* '''Yet <u>yefe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>must</u> leave.'' :* '''Yet <u>yefu</u> iper.'''....''You <u>ought</u> to leave.'' : Post-y-gliding the stem vowel of the modal verb also reduces the strength, for example: :* '''At <u>ife</u> et.''' ....''I <u>love</u> you.'' :* '''At <u>iyfe</u> et.''' ....''I <u>like</u> you.'' :* '''Et <u>yefe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>must</u> leave.'' :* '''Et <u>yeyfe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>should</u> leave.'' :* '''Iyt <u>yafe</u> aker.'''....''She <u>can</u> win.'' :* '''Iyt <u>yayfe</u> aker.'''....''She <u>might</u> win.'' :* '''At <u>ufa</u> uda tuz.'''....''I <u>hated</u> that art.'' :* '''At <u>uyfa</u> uda tuz.'''....''I <u>disliked</u> that art.'' : The use of '''l''' and '''r''' intensify the meaning of the auxiliary verbs, eg: :* '''Et <u>yuve</u> puer jwe.'''....''You <u>are supposed</u> to arrive on time.'' :* '''Et <u>yuvle</u> tepzexer.'''....''You <u>have</u> to pay attention.'' :* '''Et <u>yuvre</u> buer nas.'''....''You <u>absolutely must</u> give money.'' :* '''At <u>yeka</u> ser yeva.'''....''I <u>tried</u> to be fair.'' :* '''At <u>yekla</u> ujber jwa.'''....''I <u>strove</u> to finish early.'' :* '''At <u>yekra</u> nixer ga nas.'''....''I <u>struggled (= worked hard))</u> to earn more money.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ife</u> eker zyun.'''....''She <u>loves</u> to play ball.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ifla</u> teater et.'''....''She <u>was delighted</u> to see you.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ifre</u> teaper him.'''....''She <u>adores</u> visiting here.'' : Here are some examples showing how these modal verbs are used as auxiliaries: ::* '''Et <u>afe</u> oyeper ay ifeker.'''....''You <u>may</u> go out and play.'' ::* '''Yat <u>efa</u> tujer.'''....''We <u>needed</u> to sleep.'' ::* '''Ot <u>ofe</u> mavier him.'''....''One <u>is prohibited</u> to smoke here.'' ::* '''Mavier him <u>ofwe</u>.'''....''Smoking here is prohibited.'' ::* '''At <u>ife</u> dyeer.'''....''I <u>love</u> to read.'' ::* '''Duven et <u>fe</u> yeper?'''....''Do you <u>want</u> to come in?'' ::* '''At <u>fu</u> teaper et edjub.'''....''I <u>would like</u> to visit you some day.'' ::* '''It <u>ufaye hyaj</u> teaxwer.'''....''He <u>has always hated</u> being looked at.'' ::* '''Duven et <u>iyfe</u> per tilami?'''....''Do you <u>like</u> going to bars?'' ::* '''At <u>uyfe</u> tijer gra jwa.'''....''I <u>dislike</u> waking up too early.'' ::* '''Et <u>yafe</u> xer hyehos et fu.'''....''You <u>can</u> do whatever you like.'' ::* '''Et <u>yefer</u> xer ad vyaas.'''....''You <u>must</u> do the right thing.'' ::* '''Et <u>yeyfe</u> voy daler huuyen azay.'''....''You <u>should</u> not talk so loud.'' ::* '''At <u>yeyfa</u> ter ga fi.'''....''I <u>should have</u> known better.'' ::* '''At <u>voy yifu</u> der hyea fuas.'''....''I <u>would not dare</u> say anything bad.'' ::* '''<u>Von yufu</u> der hos et tesde.'''....''<u>Don't be afraid</u> to say what you mean.'' ::* '''Et <u>yive</u> dier yevanavdut.'''....''You <u>have a right</u> to ask for a lawyer.'' ::* '''Yat <u>voy yuvle</u> kyoejer.'''....''We <u>are not bound</u> to stick around.'' === Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms === :: All of these modal verbs can be passive, in which case they are "patient-oriented" rather than "subject-oriented." The participial adjective '''yafa'''....''able'' is subject-oriented and refers to a person, whereas the passived adjective '''yafwa'''....''possible'' is patient-oriented and refers to a thing or event. Here is a chart of the principal modal verbs and corresponding participial adjectives with this subject/object-orientation distinction shown: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms |- ! Modal Type || Subject-oriented !! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- ! !! Verb !! Adjective !! Verb !! Adjective |- !row=1| Permission | '''afer'''<br>''may'' || '''afa'''<br>''allowed'' || '''afwer'''<br>''be permitted'' || '''afwa'''<br>''permissable'' |- !row=1| Necessity | '''efer'''<br>''need'' || '''efa'''<br>''needful'' || '''efwer'''<br>''be necessary'' || '''efwa'''<br>''necessary, required'' |- !row=1| Prohibition | '''ofer'''<br>''be unallowed'' || '''ofa'''<br>''prohibited'' || '''ofwer'''<br>''be prohibited'' || '''ofwa'''<br>''banned'' |- !row=1| Possibility | '''yafer'''<br>''be able'' || '''yafa'''<br>''able'' || '''yafwer'''<br>''be possible'' || '''yafwa'''<br>''possible'' |- !row=1| Obligation | '''yefer'''<br>''must'' || '''yefa'''<br>''obliged'' || '''yefwer'''<br>''be obligatory'' || '''yefwa'''<br>''obligatory'' |- !row=1| Duty | '''yeyfer'''<br>''should'' || '''yeyfa'''<br>''supposed, duty-bound'' || '''yeyfwer'''<br>''be supposed'' || '''yeyfwa'''<br>''due'' |- !row=1| Impossibility | '''yofer'''<br>''be unable'' || '''yofa'''<br>''unable'' || '''yofwer'''<br>''be impossible'' || '''yofwa'''<br>''impossible'' |- !row=1| Volition | '''fer'''<br>''want'' || '''fa'''<br>''desirous'' || '''fwer'''<br>''be desirable'' || '''fwa'''<br>''desirable, wanted'' |- !row=1| Love | '''ifer'''<br>''love''<br>'''iyfer'''<br>''like'' || '''ifa'''<br>''enamored''<br>'''iyfa'''<br>''fond'' || '''ifwer'''<br>''be loved''<br>'''iyfwer'''<br>''be liked'' || '''ifwa'''<br>''lovable''<br>'''iyfwa'''<br>''likeable'' |- !row=1| Hate | '''ufer'''<br>''hate''<br>'''uyfer'''<br>''dislike'' || '''ufa'''<br>''averse''<br>'''uyfa'''<br>''displeased''|| '''ufwer'''<br>''be hated''<br>'''uyfwer'''<br>''be disliked'' || '''ufwa'''<br>''odious''<br>''unliked'' |- !row=1| Courage | '''yifer'''<br>''dare'' || '''yifa'''<br>''daring, brave'' || '''yifwer'''<br>''be safe'' || '''yifwa'''<br>''safe'' |- !row=1| Fear | '''yufer'''<br>''be afraid'' || '''yufa'''<br>''afraid'' || '''yufwer'''<br>''be a danger'' || '''yufwa'''<br>''frightening'' |- !row=1| Joy | '''iver'''<br>''enjoy'' || '''iva'''<br>''glad'' || '''ivwer'''<br>''be a joy'' || '''ivwa'''<br>''enjoyable'' |- !row=1| Sorrow | '''uver'''<br>''be sorry'' || '''uva'''<br>''sorry, sad'' || '''uvwer'''<br>''be a shame'' || '''uvwa'''<br>''regrettable'' |} : Examples of subject-oriented forms: ::* '''At se <u>yafa</u> xer hes.'''....''I <u>am capable of</u> doing anything.'' ::* '''Et <u>ofe</u> teater hia dyezun.'''....''You <u>are not allowed/are prohibited</u> to see this film.'' ::* '''Duven at <u>afe</u> per hum?'''....''Am I <u>allowed</u> to go there?'' ::* '''Yat <u>fu</u> ter eta dyun.'''....''We <u>would like</u> to know your name.'' ::* '''Piti <u>ufe</u> beser be mel.'''....''Fish <u>hate</u> to remain on dry land.'' ::* '''At ajay <u>ifa</u> dazer.'''....''I once <u>loved</u> to dance.'' ::* '''Et se iva, at <u>yife</u> der.'''....''You are beautiful, I <u>dare</u> say.'' ::* '''At <u>yeyfa</u> xer has ga ig.'''....''I <u>should</u> have done it sooner.'' ::* '''Von <u>yufu</u>; At yupeye.'''....''<u>Fear</u> not; I am coming.'' ::* '''Et <u>yefe</u> puer ja eymaj.'''....''You <u>must</u> arrive before noon.'' ::* '''Yet <u>yofe</u> daler je ha dezun.'''....''You people <u>must not</u> talk during the performance.'' ::* '''Yat <u>yeyfe</u> (= se <u>yeyfa</u>) aker.'''....''We should (= are <u>bound/supposed/due</u>) to win.'' ::* '''At <u>ive</u> teater et bakser.'''....''I<u>'m glad</u> to see you get better.'' ::* '''Su <u>iva</u>.'''....''Be <u>happy</u>.'' ::* '''At <u>uvu (= su uva)</u> teater et iper.'''....''I <u>would be sad</u> to see you leave.'' : Examples of patient-oriented forms: ::* '''<u>Afwe</u> (= se afwa) mavier him.'''....''<u>It is permissible</u> to smoke here.'' ::* '''<u>Ofwe</u> (= se ofwa*) puxer fyumul him.'''....''<u>It is prohibited</u> to throw litter here.'' ::* '''<u>Fwe</u> (= se fwa) van yet dolu.'''....''<u>It is desired</u> that you stop talking.'' ::* '''<u>Voy yafwe</u> beser him gajob.'''....''<u>It is not possible</u> to remain here any longer.'' ::* '''<u>Yofwa</u> av at ivteuder.'''....''<u>It was not possible</u> for me to laugh.'' ::* '''<u>Yefwe</u> van et piu ig.'''....''<u>It is essential</u> that you leave quickly.'' ::* '''He <u>yeyfwe</u> ober ata tyoyafi?'''....''Is <u>it obligatory</u> to remove my shoes?'' ::* '''Ga yux <u>efwo</u>.'''....''More help <u>will be needed</u>.'' ::* '''Yuxren se <u>ufwa</u> xetyen.'''....''Slavery is an <u>odious</u> practice.'' ::* '''<u>Uvwe</u> van wit oka.'''....''<u>It's a shame</u> that he lost.'' :: *<small>'''lofwa''' is used for ''unwanted'' for disambiguation purposes.</small> === Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems === : Various causative verbs can be formed from modal stems, as shown in the chart below: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems |- ! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- | '''afxer'''....''allow'' (someone to do sthg.) || '''afwaxer'''....''permit'' (something to be done) |- | '''efxer'''....''require'' || '''efwaxer'''....''necessitate'' |- | '''ofxer'''....''prohibit'' || '''ofwaxer'''....''prohibit'' |- | '''yafxer'''....''enable'' || '''yafwaxer'''....''make possible'' |- | '''yefxer'''....''oblige'' || '''yefwaxer'''....''make obligatory'' |- | '''yofxer'''....''cripple'' || '''yofwaxer'''....''disable'' |- | '''yifxer'''....''embolden'' || '''yifwaxer'''....''make safe'' |- | '''yufxer'''....''intimidate'' || '''yufwaxer'''....''make frightening'' |- | '''ifxer'''....''please'' || '''ifwaxer'''....''make pleasant'' |} === Creating Modal Verbs and Adjectives with Modal Stem Suffixes === : Verb stems can be suffixed with modal participles to produce related modal verbs and adjectives. The first chart shows the modal participles themselves that can be suffixed to verb stems. Subject-oriented forms refer only to people, while patient-oriented forms (ending in '''-wa''') refer only to things. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Modal Suffixes |- ! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- | '''-yafa'''....''able to X, -able'' || '''-yafwa'''....''possible to X'' |- | '''-yofa'''....''unable to X'' || '''-yofwa'''....''impossible to X'' |- | '''-ifa'''....''fond of Xing, Xophile'' || '''-ifwa'''....''enjoyable to X'' |- | '''-ufa'''....''averse to Xing, Xophobic'' ||'''-ufwa'''....''unenjoyable to X'' |- | '''-yika'''....''hard of Xing'' || '''-yikwa'''....''hard to X'' |- | '''-yuka'''....''comfortable/easy Xing'' || '''-yukwa'''....''easy to X'' |- | '''-yaka'''....''expecting to X'' || '''yakwa'''....''expected/likely to X'' |- | '''-efa'''....''in need of Xing'' || '''-efwa'''....''necessary to X'' |- | '''-yefa'''....''obliged to X'' || '''-yefwa'''....''obligatory/due to X'' |- | '''-yufa'''....''afraid of Xing'' || '''-yufwa'''....''frightening to X'' |} : This table shows some of these modal suffixes applied to actual verb and noun stems: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Modals and Orientation |- ! Orientation !! Positive Adjective !! Positive Verb !! Negative Adjective !! Negative Verb |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''teatyafa'''<br>''able to see, sighted'' || '''teatyafer'''<br>''be able to see'' || '''teatyofa'''<br>''blind'' || '''teatyofer'''<br>''be blind'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''teatyafwa'''<br>''visible'' || '''teatyafwer'''<br>''be visible'' || '''teatyofwa'''<br>''invisible'' || '''teatyofwer'''<br>''be invisible'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''teetyafa'''<br>''able to hear, hearing'' || '''teetyafer'''<br>''be able to hear'' || '''teetyofa'''<br>''deaf'' || '''teatyofer'''<br>''be deaf'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''teetyafwa'''<br>''audible'' || '''teetyafwer'''<br>''be audible'' || '''teeyofwa'''<br>''inaudible'' || '''teeyofwer'''<br>''be inaudiable'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''dalyafa'''<br>''able to speak'' || '''dalyafer'''<br>''be able to speak'' || '''dalyofa'''<br>''mute, dumb'' || '''dalyofer'''<br>''be mute, dumb'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''doabifa'''<br>''patriotic'' || '''doabifer'''<br>''be patriotic'' || '''doabufa'''<br>''rebellious'' || '''doabufer'''<br>''rebel'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tosyafa'''<br>''sensitive'' || '''tosyafer'''<br>''be able to feel'' || '''tosyofa'''<br>''insensitive'' || '''tosyofer'''<br>''be numbed'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''tayotyafwa'''<br>''palpable'' || '''tayotyafwer'''<br>''be palpable'' || '''tayotyofwa'''<br>''numb'' || '''tayotyofwer'''<br>''be impalbable, numb'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''testyukwa'''<br>''easy to understand'' || '''testyukwaxer'''<br>''make easily understood'' || '''testyikwa'''<br>''hard to understand'' || '''testyikwaxer'''<br>''make hard to understand'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tudyaka'''<br>''pregnant, expecting'' || '''tudyaker'''<br>''be expecting''|| || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' |'''mamilyakwa'''<br>''likely to rain'' || '''mamilyakwer'''<br>''to be expected to rain''|| '''mamilyokwa'''<br>''unlikely to rain''|| '''mamilyokwer'''<br>''to be unlikely to rain'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tilefa'''<br>''thirsty'' || '''tilefer'''<br>''be thirsty'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''telefa'''<br>''hungry'' || '''telefer'''<br>''be hungry'' || || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''tejefwa'''<br>''vital'' || '''tejefwer'''<br>''be vital'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tujefa'''<br>''sleepy'' || '''tujefer'''<br>''be sleepy'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''nasefa'''<br>''poor, needy'' || '''nasefer'''<br>''be needy'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''dudyefa'''<br>''accountable, responsible'' || '''dudyefer'''<br>''be responsible'' || || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''texiyefwa'''<br>''noteworthy'' || '''texiyefwer'''<br>''be noteworthy'' || || |} == Sensing Verbs == : Verbs involving the senses, such as sight or hearing, follow a similar pattern, as the following chart shows: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Sensing Verbs |- valign=top ! TYPE !! '''teab'''....''eye''<br>'''teata'''....''visual'' !! '''teeb'''....''ear''<br>'''teeta'''....''acoustic'' !! '''teib'''....''nose''<br>'''teita'''....''olfactory'' !! '''teub'''....''mouth''<br>'''teuta'''....''gustatory'' !! '''tayob'''....''skin''<br>'''tayota'''....''tactile'' |- valign=top !row=1| Receptive<br>Active | '''teater'''<br>''see'' || '''teeter'''<br>''hear'' || '''teiter'''<br>''smell'' || '''teuter'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoter'''<br>''feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Receptive<br>Passive | '''teatwer'''<br>''be seen'' || '''teetwer'''<br>''be heard'' || '''teitwer'''<br>''be smelled'' || '''teutwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayotwer'''<br>''be felt'' |- valign=top !row=1| Stative | '''teaser'''<br>''seem'' || '''teeser'''<br>''sound'' || '''teiser'''<br>''smell'' || '''teuser'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoser'''<br>''feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Dynamic<br>Active | '''teaxer'''<br>''look at'' || '''teexer'''<br>''listen'' || '''teixer'''<br>''sniff'' || '''teuxer'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoxer'''<br>''touch'' |- valign=top !row=1| Dynamic<br>Passive | '''teaxwer'''<br>''be looked at'' || '''teexwer'''<br>''be listened to'' || '''teixwer'''<br>''be sniffed'' || '''teuxwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayoxwer'''<br>''be touched'' |- valign=top !row=1| Causative<br>Active | '''teatuer'''<br>''show'' || '''teetuer'''<br>''make hear'' || '''teixuer'''<br>''make smell'' || '''teuxuer'''<br>''offer a taste'' || '''tayoxuer'''<br>''make feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Causative<br>Passive | '''teatuwer'''<br>''be shown'' || '''teetuwer'''<br>''be made to hear'' || '''teituwer'''<br>''be made to smell'' || '''teutuwer'''<br>''be given a taste'' || '''tayotuwer'''<br>''be made to feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Inchoative<br>Active | '''teatier'''<br>''perceive,''<br>''catch sight of'' || '''teetier'''<br>''catch the<br>sound of'' || '''teitier'''<br>''get a whiff of'' || '''teutuer'''<br>''get a taste of'' || '''tayotier'''<br>''get the sensation of'' |- valign=top !row=1| Inchoative<br>Passive | '''teatiwer'''<br>''be perceived'' || '''teetiwer'''<br>''be heard'' || '''teitiwer'''<br>''be whiffed'' || '''teutiwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayotiwer'''<br>''be felt'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Stative | '''teatyofer'''<br>''be blind'' || '''teetyofer'''<br>''be deaf'' || '''teityofer'''<br>''be unable to smell'' || '''teityofer'''<br>''be unable to taste'' || '''tayotyofer'''<br>''be insensitive'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Stative | '''teatyofwer'''<br>''be invisible'' || '''teetyofwer'''<br>''be inaudible'' || '''teityofwer'''<br>''be undetectable<br>odorwise'' || '''teityofwer'''<br>''be insipid'' || '''tayotyofwer'''<br>''be undetectable<br>by touch'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Causative | '''teatyofxer'''<br>''blind'' || '''teetyofxer'''<br>''deafen'' || '''teityofxer'''<br>''desensitize<br>to smell'' || '''teutyofxer'''<br>''desensitize to<br>taste'' || '''tayotyofxer'''<br>''desensitize'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Causative | '''teatyofwaxer'''<br>''make invisible'' || '''teetyofwaxer'''<br>''make inaudible'' || '''teityofwaxer'''<br>''make odorless'' || '''teutyofwaxer'''<br>''render tasteless'' || '''tayotyofwaxer'''<br>''numb'' |} : Examples of usage: :* '''At <u>teatyofxwa</u> bey ha mani.'''....''I <u>was blinded</u> by the lights.'' :* '''Ha xeus sa <u>teetyofxyea</u>.'''....''The noise was <u>deafening</u>.'' :* '''Hia tit se gla <u>teatiyafa</u>.'''....''This pupil is very <u>perceptive</u>.'' :* '''Hua bekil se <u>teityofwa</u>.'''....''That medicine is <u>odorless</u> (impossible to smell).'' :* '''<u>Teatyofwaxu</u> ha vyuni.'''....''<u>Make</u> the spots <u>invisible</u>.'' :* '''Ha magmemyaz yonpyexlun <u>tayotyafwa</u> zya ha mir.'''....''The volcano eruption <u>could be felt</u> throughout the world.'' == Frequentative Verbs == :Frequentative verbs or repetitive action verbs can be formed with the prefix '''je-'''. This prefix gives the verb the meaning ''to keep on doing something''. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Frequentative Verbs |- ! Normal !! Frequentative |- | '''teaxer'''....''to look''||'''<u>je</u>teaxer'''....''to watch'' |- | '''bexer'''....''to hold''||'''<u>je</u>bexer'''....''to conserve'' |- | '''byexer'''....''to hit''||'''<u>je</u>byexer'''....''to batter'' |- | '''zoigper'''....''to pursue''||'''<u>je</u>zoigper'''....''to stalk'' |- | '''duler'''....''to urge'' || '''<u>je</u>duler'''....''to nag'' |} == Hybridized Verbs == : Verbs that involve motion directions that change back and forth can be formed by hybridizing the stem vowel or the vowel of the vectorial prefix. Here are some examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Hybridized Verbs |- ! First Verb !! Second Verb !! Hybridized Verb |- | '''py<u>a</u>ser'''....''jump up''|| '''py<u>o</u>ser'''....''fall down'' || '''py<u>ao</u>ser'''....''bounce, undulate'' |- | '''buer'''....''give'' || '''bier'''....''take'' || '''buier'''....''exchange'' |- | '''nuer'''....''furnish'' || '''nier'''....''consume'' || '''nuier'''....''trade'' |- | '''tuer'''....''inform'' || '''tier'''....''learn'' || '''tuier'''....''communicate'' |- | '''yaper'''....''ascend'' || '''yoper'''....''descend'' || '''yaoper'''....''go up and down'' |- | '''zayper'''....''go forward'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back'' || '''zaoper'''....''vacillate'' |- | '''vader'''....''affirm'' || '''voder'''....''deny'' || '''vaoder'''....''decide'' |- | '''yijber'''....''open'' || '''yujber'''....''close'' || '''uijber'''....''valve'' |- | '''baser'''....''stir'' || '''boser'''....''be still'' || '''baoser'''....''vibrate'' |} == Expressing Habitual Actions and States == : Mirad uses the term '''gel jubyen''' (''as a habit'') to express a verb reflecting habitual action, eg: ::* '''At tijeya be yiwa jwobi gel jubyen.'''....''I used to wake up at 9 o'clock.'' (Lit. ''I was waking up at 9 o'clock as a habit.''). : The term '''hyujod'''....''one another occasion'' (or '''be aj'''....''in the past'') is use to express ''once (upon a time)'', eg: ::* '''At sa tuxut hyujod (~ be aj) sa tuxut.''' ....''I once was a teacher.'' : The term '''vyabxelay''' (''routinely'') can also be used, eg: ::* '''Yat eke duz yuz bi ha doym vyabxelay.'''....''We play music around town routinely.'' == Expressing an Immediate Past == : To express an immediate past, such as in the sentence ''"We have just gotten married."'', Mirad uses the adverb '''ejnay''' (''newly'') much like the word ''just'' in English: ::* '''Yat tadsaye <u>ejnay</u>.'''....''We have <u>just</u> gotten married.'' ::* '''<u>Ejnay</u> tadxwa.'''....''<u>Just</u> married.'' ::* '''Wit dokebiwa <u>ejnay</u>.'''....''He was <u>just</u> elected.'' ::* '''At ujbaya yex <u>ejnay</u> hoj iyt yebupa.'''....''I had <u>just</u> finished work when she came in.'' == Verb Predicate Types == : Mirad verb predicates can be classified as follows: :* '''''Voice''''' ::* Active (The subject is the doer of the action) ::* Passive (The subject is the receiver of the action) ::* Middle (The subject is both the agent and patient) ::* Reflexive (The subject is also the patient.) ::* Reciprocal (Plural subjects interact.) :* '''''Stativity''''' ::* Stative (Does not involve action) ::* Dynamic (Action is involved) :* '''''Valency''''' ::* Impersonal (There is no subject) ::* Transitive (There is an object) ::* Intransitive (There is no object) ::* Auto-transitive (The subject is a patient and there is no agent) ::* Anti-transitive (There is the patient but an agent is assumed) ::* Causative (Subject causes an action to be performed) ::* Copula (X is Y) :* '''''Other''''' ::* Modal (''can, must, should, wants to''...) ::* Auxiliary (''help to, hope to, prepare to'' + verb) ::* Motion (''run, go, ride''...) ::* Communication (''say, answer, claim that...'') ::* Gesture (''put, shake, hit...'') ::* State/Stative (''be, become, live, be born...'') ::* Action/Dynamic (''do, act, make'') {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightYellow;;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Predicate Types |- ! Voice !! Stativity!! Valency !! Example |- | active || stative || impersonal, -agent, -object || '''Mamilo zajub.'''....''It will rain tomorrow.'' |- | active || stative || impersonal, -agent, +complement || '''Sa gla oma.'''....''It was very cold.'' |- | active || stative || impersonal, +subject || '''Ese het be ha mes.'''....''There is someone at the door.'' |- | active || stative || copula, subject + noun/adjective complement || '''Et se ata twud.'''....''You are my son.''<br>'''At aseye ebbyextipa.'''....''I am becoming angry.'' |- | middle || stative || auto-transitive, +subject=patient -agent -object || '''Iyt toja.'''....''She died'' |- | middle || stative || auto-transitive, +subject=patient +agent -object || '''Ha mes yija.'''....''The door opened.'' |- | active || stative || intransitive, +subject -object|| '''Et bokso.'''....''You will get sick.'' |- | active || stative || transitive, sense, +subject +object || '''At teate et.'''....''I see you.'' |- | active || stative || transitive, modal, +subject +verb complement || '''At fe per.'''....''I want to go.'' |- | active || stative || intransitive, subject-oriented modal, -subject +verb complement || '''Yofwe teater.'''....''It is impossible to see.'' |- | passive || stative || patient-oriented modal, +subject || '''Mamil yakwe.'''....''Rain is expected.'' |- | middle || dynamic || anti-transitive, +subject=patient +agent -object || '''Ha mes yijpa.'''....''The door came open.'' |- | active || dynamic || intransitive, +subject -object|| '''Ha fab pyosa.'''....''The tree fell.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, +subject +-object || '''Yit pyoxa ha fab.'''....''They felled the tree.'' |- | passive || dynamic || intransitive, +subject, -object || '''Ha fabi pyoxwa.'''....''The trees were felled.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, +subject, +object|| '''Obu eta tef.'''....''Take your hat off.'' |- | active || dynamic || ditransitive, +subject, +object +object || '''Von et buu iyt ha nas.'''....''Don't give her the money.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, motion, +subject, +destination/origin || '''Yupu ha seem.'''....''Approach the bench.''<br>'''Pu tam!'''....''Go home!'' (''you'' implied) |- | active || dynamic || causative, +subject +object, +agent || '''At tayegobluxo Jon.'''....''I will get my hair cut by John.'' |- | passive || dynamic || causative, +subject +object, +agent || '''At tayegobluxwo.'''....''I will get my hair cut.'' |- | active || dynamic || auxiliary, ditransitive, +patient +verb object || '''Yuxu at xer his.'''....''Help me do this.'' |- | passive || dynamic || auxiliary, ditransitive, +patient +verb object || '''At tuxwa eker duz.'''....''I was taught to play music.'' |- | middle || dynamic || reflexive, +subject = patient, -object || '''Iyt uttojba.'''....''She killed herself.'' |- | active || dynamic || reciprocal, +subjects = patients || '''Yit voy hyuitdale gaj.'''....''They don't talk to one another anymore.'' |} <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronouns|Prepositions}}</noinclude> apbmdn1qgttwu4fjgxwvle1sbgdhiks 4673516 4673507 2026-10-01T18:23:58Z Tyoyafud 6233 /* Verb Stem Formants */ 4673516 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{status|100%}}</noinclude> == The Verb Stem == [[File:Various forms of using the verb "to inform" in LSC.png|thumb|]] : Verbs in Mirad are listed in the dictionary under the present active infinitive (see [[Mirad Grammar/Verbs#Non-finite Forms]]), such as '''yexer'''....''to work''. The infinitive minus the '''er''' ending is the stem. The stem is used as the base for all other verbal instantiations. The infinitive as listed in the dictionary is usually active in voice, but occasionally a passive infinitive ending in '''-wer''' will be lexicalized because it is somehow special, so then, the stem is still the infinitive minus the '''-er''' ending. All Mirad verbs are conjugated in the same way and there are no exceptions. : This shows how to determine the '''''stem''''' of a verb listed in the dictionary: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Stems |- ! Simple Infinitive !! Stem<big>+</big>Infinitive Ending |- | '''yex<u>er</u>'''....''to work'' || '''yex<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''pos<u>er</u>'''....''to (come to a) stop'' || '''pos<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''x<u>er</u>'''....''to do'' || '''x<big>+</big>er''' |- | '''xw<u>er</u>'''....''to happen, be done'' (PASSIVE)|| '''xw<big>+</big>er''' |} === Verb Stem Formants === : A verb stem formant is a letter or group of letters at the end of a verb stem indicating: ::* '''TYPE OF VERB''': stative, causative, gestural, related to motion, communications, or mental states and activites ::* '''CERTAIN TRAITS''': active, passive, subject-oriented, patient-oriented, dynamic, intensive : The stems of most verbs end in one of the following verb formants: ::* '''s''' as in '''ser'''....''to be(come)'', <u>intransitive</u> verbs of being or becoming :::* '''aser'''....''to become'' :::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' :::* '''beser'''....''to stay'' :::* '''kyaser'''....''to change'' ::* '''x''' as in '''xer'''....''to do'', <u>transitive</u> verbs of action, doing, making, causation :::* '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' < '''aga'''....''big'' :::* '''uxer'''....''to cause'' < '''ux'''....''cause'' :::* '''yiklaxer'''....''to complicate'' < '''yikla'''....''complex'' :::* '''sanxer'''....''to form'' < '''san'''....''form'' ::* '''b''' as in '''ber'''....''to put'', transitive verbs of gesturing or putting :::* '''yaber'''....''to raise'' < '''yab'''....''up'' :::* '''yixber'''....''to put to use, deploy'' < '''yix'''....''use'' :::* '''ikber'''....''to fill'' < '''ik(a)'''....''full'' :::* '''abkyober''''....to affix'' < '''ab'''....''on'' + '''kyo(a)'''....''fixed'' ::* '''p''' as in '''per'''....''to go'', intransitive verbs of motion :::* '''aper'''....''to get on'' < '''a(b)'''....''on'' :::* '''uper'''....''to come'' < '''u(b)'''....''toward'' :::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' < '''po(p)'''....''trip'' :::* '''yaper'''....''to rise, get up'' < '''ya(b)'''....''up'' ::* '''d''' as in '''der'''....''to say'', transitive verbs of communication :::* '''gawder'''....''to repeat'' < '''gaw-'''....''re-'' :::* '''kyider'''....''to emphasize'' < '''kyi(a)'''....''heavy'' :::* '''afder'''....''to authorize'' < '''af'''....''permission'' :::* '''lofivader'''....''to disapprove'' < '''lo-'''....''dis-'' + '''fi(a)'''....''good'' + '''va'''....''yes'' :::* '''yevder'''....''to judge'' < '''yev(a)'''....''just'' :::* '''vyader'''....''to avow'' < '''vya(a)'''....''true'' ::* '''dr''' as in '''drer'''....''to write'', transitive verbs of writing :::* '''makdrer'''....''to text'' < '''mak'''....''electricity'' :::* '''Miradrer'''....''to write in Mirad'' < '''Mirad''' :::* '''monsandrer'''....''to ghostwrite'' < '''mon'''....''dark'' + '''san'''....''shape'' :::* '''ajdindrer'''....''to chronicle'' < '''aj'''....''past''....'''din'''....''story'' = ''history'' :::* '''abdrer'''....''to inscribe'' < '''ab'''....''on'' ::* '''dye''' as in '''dyeer'''....''to read'' :::* '''neddyeer'''....''to skim'' < '''ned'''....''surface'' :::* '''seuxdyeer'''....''to pronounce'' < '''seux'''....''sound'' :::* '''tepdyeer'''....''to read minds'' < '''tep'''....''mind'' :::* '''teubobdyeer'''....''to lipread'' < '''teubob'''....''lip'' :::* '''teuzdyeer'''....''to read aloud'' < '''teuz'''....''voice'' :::* '''tuyibdyeer'''....''to read palms'' < '''tuyib'''....''palm'' :::* '''zyedyeer'''....''to peruse'' < '''zye'''....''through'' ::* '''t''' as in '''ter'''....''to know or see'', transitive verbs of mental states :::* '''teater'''....''to see'' < '''tea(b)'''....''eye'' :::* '''tayoter'''....''to feel'' < '''tayo(b)'''....''skin'' :::* '''tester'''....''to understand'' < '''tes'''....''meaning'' :::* '''nazter'''....''to value, to appreciate'' < '''naz'''....''value'' ::* '''tr''' as in '''trer'''....''to know (a person)'', transitive verbs of recognition :::* '''gawtrer'''....''to recognize'' < '''gaw-'''....''re-'' :::* '''ijtrer'''....''to get to know'' < '''ij'''....''start'' :::* '''yagtrer'''....''to experience'' < '''yag(a)'''....''long'' ::* '''ty''' as in '''tyer'''....''to know (how)'', transitive know-how verbs :::* '''daztyer'''....''to know how to dance'' < '''daz'''....''dance'' :::* '''deuztyer'''....''to know how to sing'' < '''deuz'''....''song'' :::* '''fiktyer'''....''to master'' < '''fik(a)'''....''perfect'' ::* '''i''' as in '''bier'''....''to take'', subject-directed verbs :::* '''tier'''....''to find out'' < '''t-'''....''know'' :::* '''dier'''....''to request'' < '''d-'''....''say'' :::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' < '''if'''....''pleasure'' :::* '''nier'''....''to consume'' < '''n-'''....''money'' :::* '''nazier'''....''to deserve'' < '''naz'''....''value'' :::* '''pier'''....''to depart'' < '''p-'''.....''go'' ::* '''u''' as in '''buer'''....''to give'', patient-directed verbs :::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' < '''t-'''....''know'' :::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' < '''d-'''....''say'' :::* '''ifuer'''....''to please'' < '''if'''....''pleasure'' :::* '''nuer'''....''to supply'' < '''n-'''....''money'' :::* '''nazuer'''....''to reward'' < '''naz'''....''value'' :::* '''puer'''....''to arrive'' < '''p-'''....''go'' : A few verb stems ending in '''k''', '''z''', '''f''', '''v''', '''j''', '''l''', and '''r''' have no formants in their base dictionary form. : K-stem transitive verbs of risk: ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' ::* '''eker'''...''to play, risk'' ::* '''oker'''....''to lose'' ::* '''yaker'''....''to expect'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to try'' ::* '''yoker'''....''to be surprised'' ::* '''yiker'''....''to find it hard'' ::* '''yuker'''....''to find it easy'' : Z-stem transitive verbs of art: ::* '''dazer'''....''to dance'' ::* '''dyazer'''....''to perform ballet'' ::* '''dezer'''....''to perform'' ::* '''doldezer'''....''to pantomime'' ::* '''dizer'''....''to clown around'' ::* '''duzer'''....''to play music'' ::* '''domepduzer'''....''to busk'' ::* '''drezer'''....''to create poetry'' ::* '''dresyozer'''....''to engrave'' ::* '''druzer'''....''to compose music'' ::* '''doteuzer'''....''to vote'' ::* '''sizer'''....''to paint'' ::* '''imsizer'''....''to fresco'' ::* '''sazer'''....''to sculpt'' ::* '''tazer'''....''to carve'' ::* '''syozer'''....''to engrave'' ::* '''volzer'''....''to color'' ::* '''tujeazer'''....''to dream'' ::* '''tepeazer'''....''to imagine'' : F- and V-stem modal verbs: ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' ::* '''afer'''....''to have permission'' ::* '''efer'''....''to need'' ::* '''ifer'''....''to love'' ::* '''iyfer'''....''to like'' ::* '''ofer'''....''to be prohibited'' ::* '''yafer'''....''to be able'' ::* '''yefer'''....''to have to'' ::* '''yeyfer'''....''should'' ::* '''yofer'''....''to be unable'' ::* '''yifer'''....''to dare'' ::* '''yufer'''....''to fear'' ::* '''yiver'''....''have a right to'' ::* '''yuver'''....''to be supposed to'' : L- and R-stem verbs ::* '''baler'''....''to press'' ::* '''barer'''....''to crush'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry' ::* '''boler'''....''to support'' ::* '''biler'''....''to obtain'' ::* '''birer'''....''to grab'' ::* '''buler'''....''to grant'' ::* '''burer'''....''to concede'' ::* '''daler'''...''to speak'' ::* '''deler'''....''do declare'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be silent' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' ::* '''direr'''....''to demand'' ::* '''duler'''....''to insist'' ::* '''durer'''....''to order'' : The above verbs are transitive except '''doler'''. : The following J-stem verbs are <u>intransitive automatic zero-formant</u> verbs: : J-stem verbs intransitive verbs related to time activites: ::* '''ijer'''....''to begin'' ::* '''ujer'''....''to finish'' ::* '''yijer'''....''to open'' ::* '''yujer'''....''to close'' ::* '''tijer'''....''to be awake'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' ::* '''tajer'''....''to be born'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' : All of the above '''j''' stems are intransitive automatic verbs and cannot be passivized. : Verb stems ending in '''j''', however, can take the active transitive dynamic formant '''b''' which can then be passivized with '''w'''. Or, they can take the intransitive dynamic formant '''p''', which cannot be passivized. ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' (intransitive automatic) ::* '''tojper'''....''to drop dead'' (intransitive dynamic) ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' (transitive dynamic) ::* '''tojbwer'''....''to be killed'' (transitive passive dynamic) : There are two formants, '''l''' and '''r''' that act as intensifiers and can be applied to any stems except the L and R stems (like '''baler'''....''to press''): ::* '''l''' (intensive verbs) :::* '''fler'''....''to yearn'' ( < '''fer'''....''to want'') :::* '''ifler'''....''to love'' ( < '''ifer'''....''to love'') :::* '''gobler'''....''to cut'' ( < '''gober'''....''to subtract'') :::* '''ebler'''....''to obstruct'' ( < '''eber'''....''to get in the way of'') :::* '''ibler'''....''to collect'' ( < '''iber'''....''to receive'') :::* '''yabler'''....''to hoist'' ( < '''yaber'''....''to raise'') :::* '''buxler'''....''to shove'' ( < '''buxer'''....''to push'') :::* '''yujler'''....''to lock'' ( < '''yujer'''....''to close'') ::* '''r''' (more intensive verbs) :::* '''frer'''....''to crave'' ( < '''fer'''....''to want'') :::* '''ifrer'''....''to adore'' ( < '''ifer'''....''to love'') :::* '''abbaxrer'''....''to rub'' ( < '''abbaxer'''....''to caress'') :::* '''abbyuxrer'''....''to stomp on'' ( < '''abbyux'''....''to touch on, impact'') :::* '''apaxrer'''....''to scrub'' ( < '''apaxer'''....''to wipe'') :::* '''byexrer'''....''to thrash'' ( < '''byexer'''....''to hit'') :::* '''buxrer'''....''to drive'' ( < '''buxer'''....''to push'') :::* '''yujrer'''....''to slam shut'' ( < '''yujer'''....''to close'') : Here are examples of J-stems that take the intensifying formants '''l''' and '''r''', eg.: ::* '''yujer'''....''to close'' (intransitive automatic) ::* '''yujler'''....''to lock'' (intransitive automatic intensive) ::* '''yujper'''....''to come to a close'' (intransitive dynamic) ::* '''yujprer'''....''to slam shut'' (intransitive automatic very intensive) ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' (transitive dynamic) ::* '''yujbwer'''....''to be closed" (transitive passive dynamic) ::* '''yujler'''....''to lock (intransitive automatic intensive) ::* '''yujbler'''....''to lock (transitive dynamic intensive) ::* '''yujbrer'''....''to slam shut (transitive dynamic very intensive) ::* '''yujbrwer'''....''to be slammed shut (transitive dynamic very intensive passive) : Stems can sometimes be altered with the following directional formants: ::* '''-i-''' (subject-oriented) ::* '''-u-''' (patient-oriented) : Examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs with i/u Formants |- ! Verb || Modification |- | rowspan=2|'''ber'''....''to put'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' |- || '''buer'''....''to give'' |- | rowspan=2|'''ter'''....''to know'' || '''tier'''....''to find out'' |- || '''tuer'''....''to inform'' |- | rowspan=2|'''trer'''....''to be familiar with'' || '''trier'''....''to become familiar with'' |- || '''truer'''....''to familiarize, introduce'' |- | rowspan=2|'''tyer'''....''to know how'' || '''tyier'''....''to master'' |- || '''tyuer'''....''to train'' |- | rowspan=2|'''taxer'''....''to remember'' || '''taxier'''....''to commit to memory'' |- || '''taxuer'''....''to remind'' |- |rowspan=2| '''per'''....''to go'' || '''pier'''....''to leave'' |- || '''puer'''....''to arrive'' |- | rowspan=2|'''xer'''....''to do'' || '''xier'''....''to result in'' |- || '''xuer'''....''to affect'' |- | rowspan=2|'''buker'''....''to hurt'' || '''bukier'''....''to sustain an injury'' |- || '''bukuer'''....''to inflict an injury'' |- | rowspan=2|'''ifer'''....''to love'' || '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' |- || '''ifuer'''....''to please'' |- | rowspan=2|'''der'''....''to say'' || '''dier'''....''to ask'' |- || '''duer'''....''to suggest'' |- | rowspan=2|'''til'''....''a drink'' || '''tilier'''....''to take a drink'' |- || '''tiluer'''....''to pour a drink'' |- | rowspan=2|'''tel'''....''food'' || '''telier'''....''to eat'' |- || '''teluer'''....''to feed'' |- | rowspan=2|'''abbaun'''....''cover'' || '''abbaunier'''....''to take cover'' |- || '''abbaunuer'''....''to provide cover'' |- | rowspan=2|'''abfin'''....''advantage'' || '''abfinier'''....''to take advantage of'' |- || '''abfinuer'''....''to favor'' | rowspan=2|'''naz'''....''value'' || '''nazier'''....''to deserve'' |- || '''nazuer'''....''to reward'' |} : The following table shows how stems can be intensified in meaning with '''-l-''' and '''-r-''': ::* '''-l-''' (intense) ::* '''-r-''' (more intense) : Examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs with Modified Formants |- ! Verb || Modification |- ! Normal !! Intense !! More Intense |- | '''baxer'''....''to stir'' || '''baxler'''....''to rustle'' || '''baxrer'''....''to shake'' |- | '''yaber'''....''to raise'' (trans.) || '''yabler'''....''to elevate'' || '''yaprer'''....''to hoist'' |- | '''yaper'''....''to ascend'' (intrans.)|| '''yapler'''....''to climb''|| '''yaprer'''....''to scramble up'' |- | '''apaxer'''....''to wipe'' || '''apaxler'''....''to sweep'' || '''apaxrer'''....''to scrub'' |- | '''byexer'''....''to strike'' ||'''byexler'''....''to trounce'' || '''byexrer'''....''to thrash'' |} : The intransitive zero-formant verbs whose stem ends in '''-k''' can take formants as well: ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' (transitive) ::* '''akler'''....''to vanquish, beat'' (transitive intense) ::* '''akrer'''....''to triumph'' (transitive more intense) ::* '''biker'''....''to care about'' (transitive) ::* '''bikier'''....''to take care'' (transitive subject-oriented) ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' (transitive patient-oriented) ::* '''bikuwer'''....''to be cared for'' (transitive patient-oriented passive) ::* '''yeker'''....''to try'' (transitive) ::* '''yekler'''....''to strive'' (transitive intensive) ::* '''yekrer'''....''to struggle'' (transitive more intensive) ::* '''yekier'''....''to undertake'' (transitive subject-oriented) ::* '''yekuer'''....''to challenge'' (transitive patient-oriented) ::* '''yekuwer'''....''to be challenged'' (transitive patient-oriented passive) ::* '''bakser'''....''to get healthy, heal'' (intransitve) ::* '''bakxer'''....''to make healthy, heal'' (transitive) ::* '''bakxwer'''....''to be healed'' (transitive passive) : Verb stems ending in '''j''', '''s''', or '''p''' are invariably intransitive and cannot be made passive. All other verb stems, except '''doler''' (''to be silent''), can be made passive with the addition of '''w'''. The passifying '''w''' is always the last formant of any stem. :: '''saxer'''....''to make'' > '''saxwer'''....''to be made'' :: '''baler'''....''to press'' > '''balwer'''....''to be pressed'' :: '''yaker'''....''to expect'' > '''yakwer'''....''to be expected'' : The zero-formant verb stems in '''-f-''' and '''-v-''' are modal verbs and these can take a combination of additional formants, eg.: :* '''ifer'''....''to love'' ::* '''ifler'''....''to have affection for'' ::* '''ifrer'''....''to adore'' ::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy, to take pleasure in'' ::* '''ifuer'''....''to please, to give pleasure to'' :::* '''ifluer'''....''to delight'' :::* '''ifruer'''....''to ravish'' :::* '''ifruwer'''....''to be ravished'' ::* '''ifxer'''....''to gratify, to divert'' ::* '''ifser'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''ifwer'''....''to be loved'' ::* '''ifrwer'''....''to be adored'' :* '''fer'''....''to want'' ::* '''fler'''....''to yearn for'' ::* '''frer'''....''to crave'' ::* '''fruer'''....''fill with a craving for'' :* '''yufer'''....''to fear'' ::* '''yufler'''....''to dread'' ::* '''yufrer'''....''to tremble in fear of'' ::* '''yufruer'''....''to frighten'' ::* '''yufruwer'''....''to be frightened'' ::* '''yufxer'''....''to scare'' ::* '''yufxwer'''....''to be scared'' :* '''yiver'''....''to have the right to'' ::* '''yivser'''....''to become free'' ::* '''yivxer'''....''to free, to liberate'' ::* '''yivxwer'''....''to be freed'' :* '''yafer'''....''to be able'' ::* '''yafxer'''....''to enable'' ::* '''yafxwer'''....''to be enabled'' ::* '''yafuer'''....''to empower'' ::* '''yafluer'''....''to coerce'' ::* '''yafier'''....''to take power'' ::* '''yaflier'''....''to grab power'' ::* '''ofer'''....''to lack permission to'' ::* '''ofxer'''....''to prohibit'' ::* '''ofxwer'''....''to be prohibited'' ::* '''ifruwer'''....''to be ravished'' ::* '''efxwer'''....''to be necessitated'' == Verb Categories == : Verbs have '''''morphological categories''''', which involve changes to the verb not always found in the dictionary, but developed through rule-bound affixation (such as ''live'', ''lives'', ''lived'', ''living''). They also have '''''lexical categories''''', which involve derived forms usually listed in dictionaries (''enjoy'', ''enjoyable'', ''enjoyment'') === Morphological Categories === : Verbs are inflected with the following '''''morphological categories''''': ::* '''''2 states''''': finite, non-finite ::* '''''4 tenses''''': present, past, future, atemporal¹ ::* '''''5 aspects''''': simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential ::* '''''2 voices''''': active, passive ::* '''''2 moods''''': indicative, hypothetical :<small>'''''Note 1:''''' The term "atemporal" means that tense is not marked. For example, in Mirad, '''Pu!''' is the imperative of the verb '''per'''....''to go''. It means ''Go!'' and is atemporal. The '''-u''' ending is an atemporal hypothetical mood marker.</small> : In effect, the PERSON/NUMBER category is not listed above, because this category does not affect the morphology of the Mirad verb form itself. The Mirad verb form stays the same for all persons and numbers. That information is contained in the external subject pronouns governing the verb. In English, for example, the verb "be" has several different forms in the present tense verb form depending on the person and number (I <u>am</u>, you <u>are</u>, he <u>is</u>, we <u>are</u>, etc.), but not so in Mirad. The following chart shows how the English pattern differs from the corresponding single Mirad verb form '''se''' for all persons and numbers: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller" |+ Verb '''ser''' (''to be'') Unchanged for person/number |- ! Person !! Number !! English !! Mirad |- !row=1| 1st !! row=1 rowspan=3| Singular | ''I <u>am</u>'' || '''at <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 2nd | ''you <u>are</u>'' || '''et <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 3rd | ''he/she <u>is</u>'' || '''it <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 1st !! row=1 rowspan=3| Plural | ''we <u>are</u>'' || '''yat <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 2nd | ''you (pl.) <u>are</u>'' || '''yet <u>se</u>''' |- !row=1| 3rd | ''they <u>are</u>'' || '''yit <u>se</u>''' |} : This invariability of person/number exists for all tenses. === Lexical Categories === :: In addition, verbs can be described in terms of the following opposing '''''lexical''''' categories. By lexical, is meant that verbs having different lexical properties are listed in the dictionary and have nothing to do with conjugation. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller;margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Verb Lexical Categories |- ! Stative !! Dynamic |- | '''ser'''....''to be'' || '''xer'''....''to do'' |- ! Intransitive !! Transitive |- | '''agaser'''....''to grow large'' || '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' |- ! Subject-directed !! Patient-directed |- | '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''buer'''....''to give'' |- ! Reflexive !! Non-reflexive |- | '''utvyixer'''....''to wash up (wash oneself)'' || '''vyixer'''....''to wash'' |- ! Inchoative !! Causative |- | '''tujper'''....''fall asleep'' || '''tujber'''....''put to sleep'' |- ! Autonomous !! Dynamic |- | '''yijer'''....''to open (by itself)'' || '''yijber'''....''to (make it) open'' |- ! Reciprocal !! Non-reciprocal |- | '''hyuittujber'''....''to kill one another'' || '''tujber'''....''to kill'' |- ! Gestural !! Locomotive |- | '''baser'''....''to stir, budge'' || '''paser'''....''to move'' |- ! Subject-oriented !! Object-oriented |- | '''teetyiker'''....''to be hard of hearing'' || '''teetyikwer'''....''to be hard to hear'' |} == Non-finite Forms == : '''''Non-finite verb forms''''' are ::* not conjugated for person or number ::* cannot form a predicate ::* and do not have a subject. : There are three kinds of non-finite verb forms in Mirad: ::* '''''infinitives''''': the dictionary lookup form of a verb, ending in '''-er''' :::* '''der'''....''to say'', '''tixayer'''....''to have studied'', '''xwer'''....''to be done'' ::* '''''gerunds''''': verbal nouns, ending in '''-en''' :::* '''byasen'''....''(the act of) standing'' ::* '''''participles''''': verbal adjectives, ending in '''-a''' :::* '''tejea'''....''living (alive)'', '''twa'''....''known'', '''piya'''....''departed'' === Infinitives === : Verbs are listed in the dictionary under the '''''active voice simple aspect infinitive''''' form, which always ends in '''er''' and means ''to X'', or rarely the passive voice simple aspect infinitive form, which ends in '''wer''' and means ''to be Xed''. The part of the verb form minus the '''-er''' or '''-wer''' is the '''''verb stem'''''. Very rarely at verb can be expressed as a past active or past passive infinitive in '''ayer''' and '''awer''', respectively. (For example: '''Tejayer boy ifawer naze glo.'''....''To have lived without having loved counts little.''). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em" |+ Infinitive Stems |- ! Infinitivw || Stem !! Ending |- | '''agser'''....''to grow'' || '''ags-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''igxer'''....''to quicken'' || '''igx-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''per'''....''to go'' || '''p-''' || '''-er''' |- | '''xwer'''....''to happen, be done'' || '''x-''' || '''-wer''' |- | '''tejayer'''....''to have lived'' || '''tej-''' || '''-ayer''' |- | '''ifawer'''....''to have loved'' || '''if-''' || '''-awer''' |} : The infinitive in Mirad is used very much as its counterpart in English. The infinitive can be marked for two aspects (simple, perfect) and two voices (active, passive), as shown in the chart below, where the verb stems are underlined: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Active and Passive Infinitive Stems |- ! Aspect !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Simple | '''<u>igx</u>er'''....''to quicken'' || '''<u>igx</u>wer'''....''to be quickened'' |- !row=1| Perfect | '''<u>igx</u>ayer'''....''to have quickened'' || '''<u>igx</u>awer'''....''to have been quickened'' |} : In the above chart, ::* the verb stem is '''igx-''' and ::* the infinitive marker is '''-er'''; ::* the simple aspect active voice marker is zero; ::* the simple aspect passive voice marker is '''w'''; ::* the perfect aspect active voice marker is '''-ay-'''; ::* the past aspect passive voice marker is '''-aw-'''. The passive voice infinitive of a verb will not appear in the dictionary unless it has a special meaning, such as '''xwer''' ''to happen (= to be done)''. The perfect infinitives are never listed in the dictionary. === Gerunds === : The gerund is a verbal noun like English ''playing'' in ''playing ball.'' : The gerund has two possible '''''aspects''''' (simple and perfect) and two possible '''''voices''''' (active and passive): {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em; " |+ Gerund Formation |- ! Aspect !! Voice !! Ending !! Example |- !row=1| Simple !! Active | '''-en''' || '''agax<u>en</u>'''....''magnifiying, magnification'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Passive | '''-wen''' || '''agax<u>wen</u>'''....''being magnified'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Active | '''-ayen''' || '''byek<u>ayen</u>'''....''having cured'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Passive | '''-awen''' || '''byek<u>awen</u>'''....''having been cured'' |} : Note: Intransitive verbs like '''per''' ''to go'' do not have a passive gerund form. : Lexicalized gerunds, such as '''sanxen''' ''formation, forming'' generally appear in the dictionary in the active voice. : Some examples of gerund usage: ::* ('''sanxer'''....''to form'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ha <u>sanxen</u> bi hia mar efxa amroni bi jabi.'''....''The <u>forming</u> (or: <u>formation</u>) of this star took millions of years.'' ::* ('''deuzer'''....''to sing'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Iyta <u>deuzen</u> sa gla via.'''....''Her <u>singing</u> was very beautiful.'' ::* ('''poper'''....''to travel'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Popen</u> se yika yex.'''....''<u>Traveling</u> is hard work.'' ::* ('''teeter'''....''to hear'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Teetwen</u> fiay se teskyia av dezuti.'''....''<u>Being heard</u> well is important for actors.'' ::* ('''teater'''....''to see'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<u>Teaten</u> se <u>vyatexen</u>.'''.....''<u>Seeing</u> is <u>believing</u>.'' ::* ('''uper'''....''to come'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''His se ha jeb bi <u>Upen</u>.'''....''This is the season of <u>Advent</u> (coming).'' ::* ('''tadier'''....''to get married'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ata <u>tadiayen</u> ewa jodi bixa tepzex.'''....''My <u>having married</u> twice drew attention.'' ::* ('''aker'''....''to win'')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''At voy ta ita <u>akawen</u> hua nuz.'''....''I did not know about his <u>having won</u> that prize.'' : Gerunds, being verb forms, can take direct and indirect objects: ::* '''At ifxwe bey eta buayen at hua nas.'''....''I am pleased by your having given me that money.'' ::* '''Tojben eut voy se kexbiyaf.'''....''Killing yourself is not an option.'' : The special gerundive ending '''-eyn''' gives a nuance emphasizing the action as a single act, much like the English endings ''-ment'' or ''-tion''. Here are a few examples showing the difference between '''-en''' and '''-eyn'''. ::* '''yanlaxen'''....''combining''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yanlaxeyn'''....''combination'' ::* '''xen'''....''doing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''xeyn'''....''action, deed'' ::* '''zayben'''....''advancing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zaybeyn'''....''advancement'' : Another special gerundive (but lexical) ending is '''-un''', which expresses the result of an action, eg.: ::* '''zyegxer'''....''to puncture''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zyegxun'''....''a puncture'' ::* '''zyeuber'''....''to transmit''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zyeubun'''....''a broadcast'' ::* '''deuzer'''....''to sing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>≠<</big>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''deuzun'''....''a song'' === Participles === : Participles are verbal adjectives and can modify nouns and pronouns. Since they act as adjectives, they have the adjectival ending '''-a'''. Participles are marked by '''''aspect''''' (simple, progressive, perfect, imminent, potential) and '''''voice''''' (active, passive). : The aspect markers per voice are: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:1.6em;" |+ Aspect Markers |- ! Aspect !! Voice !! Form !! Example |- ! rowspan=2| Progressive ! rowspan=1 | Active | '''-ea-''' || '''tejea'''....''living'' |- ! rowsspan=1 | Passive | '''wea''' || '''xwea'''....''happening, being done'' |- ! rowspan=2| Perfect ! rowspan=1 |Active | '''-ya''' || '''pya'''....''gone'' (< '''pyaa'''¹) |- ! rowspan=1| Passive | '''-wa''' || '''xwa'''....''done'' (< '''xwaa'''¹) |- ! rowspan=2| Imminent ! Active | '''-oa''' || '''tojoa'''....''about to die'' |- ! rowspan=1 | Passive | '''-woa''' || '''dodelwoa'''....''about to be announced'' |- ! rowspan=2| Potential ! Active | '''-ua''' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' |- ! rowspan=1| Passive | '''-wua''' || '''opoxwua'''....''unstoppable'' |} : <small>¹: The double '''aa''' in the perfect endings is reduced to '''a'''.</small> : '''''Note 1:''''' The perfect active particple ending in '''-ya''' is used only for intransitive verbs like '''per''' (''to go''). '''He is <u>gone</u>.''' is expressed by '''Wit se <u>pya</u>'''. : '''''Note 2:''''' The potential aspect, represented by the vowel '''u''' is much like the conditional in English, but is not considered a tense in Mirad. For example, '''tojbu''' means ''would kill'' and the participle '''tojbua''' means ''lethal'' (referring to something that ''would/has the potential to kill''). More about this in a later section. : '''''Note 3:''''' There is another form of the progressive participle that falls in the lexical, rather than morphological category, in that such forms are listed in the dictionary as adjectives. For example, in the phrase ''The animals <u>bothering</u> our bird feeder...'', the participle ''bothering'' would be '''oboxea''' in Mirad. By inserting the letter '''y''' between the verb stem and the participial ending, the participle becomes an adjective denoting a propensity or habit, as in ''bothersome'' ('''obox<u>y</u>ea'''). Such participles are invariably in the active voice. Most such adjectives in English end in ''-ive'' as in ''repulsive'' or ''-ly'' as in ''wiggly'' or ''-ous'' as in ''circuitous.'' Such adjectives in Mirad are listed in the dictionary and end in '''-yea'''. : Adverbial participles can be made from the above adjectival participles, by suffixing the letter '''y'''. Examples: ::* '''Iyt yepa ha tim <u>deuzeay</u>.'''....''She entered the room <u>singing</u>.'' ::* '''<u>Ujbaway</u> ha dodal, it pia.'''....''The speech <u>having been finished</u>, he left.'' : Also, the above participles can be converted into abstract nouns by suffixing '''n'''. Examples: ::* '''tiluwa'''....''drinkable'' <big>→</big> '''tiluwan'''....''potability'' ::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' <big>→</big> '''tojbuan'''....''lethality'' ::* '''mansea'''....''shining'' <big>→</big> '''he <u>mansean</u> bi iyta deuzen'''....''the <u>brilliance</u> of her singing'' ::* '''aakaxyea'''....''inventive'' <big>→</big> '''aakaxyean'''....''inventiveness'' : Furthermore, these participles can sometimes be pronominalized with '''s''' for things and '''t''' for people or living things. These forms can, in turn, be pluralized: ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' <big>→</big> '''xwas'''....''what is done, a happening'' ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' <big>→</big> '''xwasi'''....''happenings, deeds'' ::* '''otwa'''....''unknown'' <big>→</big> '''otwas'''....''what is not known, a mystery'' ::* '''osexea'''....''destroying'' <big>→</big> '''osexeas'''....''a destroyer'' ::* '''tojbua'''....''lethal'' <big>→</big> '''tojbuas'''....''something lethal, a lethal thing'' ::* '''tojboa'''....''moribund'' <big>→</big> '''tojboati'''....''people about to die, fatal cases'' ::* '''tejea'''....''living'' <big>→</big> '''tejeat'''....''a living person'' ::* '''tejea'''....''living'' <big>→</big> '''tejeasi'''....''living things'' : There is a special tenseless, nominalized, animate participle used for '''''agent''''' nouns (English ''one who does something, Xer'', ''Xant'', ''Xist''), which refers to a person who habitually does some action, perhaps as a profession or trade. These agent nouns end in '''-ut'''. ::* '''sexut'''....''builder'' ::* '''nuut'''....''supplier'' ::* '''tojbut'''....''killer'' ::* '''ifut'''....''lover'' ::* '''akuti'''....''winners'' : Note: There is a slight difference of meaning between the tensed participial pronoun '''ha akeat'''....''the one winning'' and the non-tensed agent noun '''ha akut'''....''the winner''. : Similarly, there is a special tenseless, nominalized, <u>in</u>animate participle used for a thing that performs the action denoted by the verb stem. These agent nouns end in '''-us'''. ::* '''yuxus'''....''aid (a thing that helps)'' ::* '''byuxwus'''....''button (a thing that gets touched on the keyboard)'' ::* '''paxus'''....''motive (a thing that moves one)'' ::* '''jaupus'''....''precedent (a thing that comes before)'' : The above '''-us''' ending contrasts with the endings '''-ar''' (''instrument''), '''-ir''' (''machine''), '''-ur''' (''motor, engine''), which are physical objects and not always suffixed to a verbal root. == Finite Forms == [[File:Auxiliary verbs tree 3.png|thumb|]] : In Mirad, finite verb forms are those that can take a person subject, serve as a predicate, and be conjugated. Finite verb forms are conjugated by using suffixes indicating, through their presence or absence, the following categories: <div style="background: lightyellow;{{text default color}};"> ::* TENSES :::# '''''present''''' :::# '''''past''''' :::# '''''future''''' :::# '''''atemporal''''' ::* MOODS :::# '''''indicative''''' :::# '''''hypothetical''''' ::* ASPECTS :::# '''''simple''''' :::# '''''progressive''''' :::# '''''perfect''''' :::# '''''imminent''''' :::# '''''potential''''' ::* VOICES :::# '''''active''''' :::# '''''passive''''' :::# '''''reflexive''''' :::# '''''reciprocal''''' </div> : Person and number are not marked on the verb form itself. For example, ''am'', ''is'', ''are'', which change according to the person subject in English, are all expressed with the same verb form in Mirad: '''se'''. Thus, '''at se'''....''I am'', '''et se'''....''you are'', '''it se'''....''he/she/it is'', etc. === Moods === : There are two moods in Mirad: ::* '''''indicative''''' ::* '''''hypothetical'''''. ===== Indicative Mood ===== : The '''''indicative''''' form of the verb indicates an action or state that occurs in actual time, such as ''he went'', ''he is going'', ''he will go.'' : The indicative mood has three tenses, '''''present''''', '''''past''''', '''''future''''', indicated by the suffixes '''-e''', '''-a''', and '''-o''', respectively. ===== Hypothetical Mood ===== : Wheras the indicative verb forms expresses actuality in time, the '''''hypothetical mood''''' expresses one of the non-actuality situations below and uses the vowel '''u'''. ::* a command , i.e. the '''''imperative''''' (''Go!'') ::* a wish or suggestion, i.e. the '''''hortative''''' or '''''jussive''''' (''May the king live long!'', ''Let's celebrate!'') ::* an unrealized situation, i.e. the '''''subjunctive''''' (''It is important that you <u>be</u> early.'') ::* an imagined if-then-situation, i.e. the '''''conditional''''' (''If I <u>were</u> rich, I <u>would be</u> happy.'') === Aspects === : There are five aspects in the Mirad verb system. <div style="background: lightyellow;{{text default color}};"> ::* the '''''simple''''' aspect (default), i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional. ::* the '''''progressive''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state on-going in the particular tense, using '''ey''' ::* the '''''perfective''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state anterior or already completed, using '''ay''' ::* the '''''imminent''''' aspect, i.e. an action or state about to happen, using '''oy''' ::* the '''''potential''''' aspect, i.e. an action potentially happening, using '''uy''' </div> ===== The Simple Aspect ===== :: Unless specifically marked, the default aspect is '''''simple''''', i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-conditional. Three indicative tenses can be expressed in the simple aspect: ::* Present with '''e''' ::* Past with '''a''' ::* Future with '''o'''. :: An atemporal verb ending in '''u''' in the simple aspect is considered hypothetical and expresses three things, depending on how it is used in the sentence: ::* a conditional like ''I would go (if...)'' ::* an imperative like ''Go!'' ::* a hortative like ''Let's go!'' ::* a subjunctive like ''(It is important that) we go.'' :: Here is a chart showing the simple, active voice instantiations of the Mirad verb '''per''' (''to go'') with the endings underlined: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em;" |+ Simple Active Conjugation of '''Per''' |- ! Mood !! Tense !! Aspect !! Voice !! Instantiation !! Verb '''per''' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Present !! Simple !! Active !! | '''At p<u>e</u>'''....''I go'' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Past !! Simple !! Active !! | '''At p<u>a</u>'''....''I went'' |- !row=1| Indicative !! Future !! Simple !! Active !! |'''At p<u>o</u>'''....''I will go'' |- !row=1 rowspan=4 | Hypothetical !rowspan=4| Atemporal !rowspan=4| Simple !rowspan=4| Active ! Conditional |'''At p<u>u</u>'''....''I would go'' |- ! Hortative/Optative/Jussive |'''Van yat p<u>u</u>!'''....''Let's go!'' |- ! Imperative |'''P<u>u</u> tam!'''....''Go home!'' |- ! Subjunctive |'''Se efwa van et p<u>u</u>.'''....''It is necessary that you go.'' |} : Note that the last four instantiations are the same tense, but differ in syntax. For example, if the verb form is hypothetical, atemporal, simple, active and has no subject, it operates as an imperative. ==== The Simple Indicative Present Active Tense ==== :: The simple indicative present instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''e''' and has a non-progressive ('''''habitual''''') aspect as in English ''I work'' or ''I live''. Progressive aspect forms like ''I am studying'' are explained later. :: Examples: :::* '''At <u>yexe</u> be tam.''' ....''I <u>work</u> at home''. :::* '''Hia tom <u>se</u> nam.''' ....''This building <u>is</u> a store.'' :::* '''Ha amur <u>yuzpe</u> ha imer.'''....''The moon <u>goes around</u> the earth.'' ==== The Simple Indicative Past Active Tense ==== : The simple indicative past tense instantiation is marked with the vowel suffix '''a''' and has a non-progressive (punctual) meaning as in English ''I did something at some particular point in time''. The simple past contrasts in aspect with the past progressive (''I was doing something'') or the present perfect (''I have done something''), or past potential (''I would have done something''). The simple past is punctual, that is, it describes an event that occurred at a particular point in time. : Examples: ::* '''Iyt <u>iba</u> ha nyuf zojub.''' ....''She <u>received</u> the package yesterday.'' ::* '''At <u>ujba</u> ha dyes ji iwa jwobi.''' ....''I <u>finished</u> the book three hours ago.'' ::* '''His <u>kyesa</u> exag hijub.'''....''This <u>happened</u> twice today.'' ==== The Simple Indicative Future Active Tense ==== : The simple indicative future tense is marked with the vowel suffix '''o''' and has the same meaning as in English ''I will do something at some particular point in the future''. : Examples: ::* '''Yit <u>tadso</u> zajab.'''....''They <u>are going to get married</u> next year.'' ::* '''Hua kaxon <u>ujako</u>.''' ....''That solution <u>will work</u>.'' ::* '''At <u>so</u> him hoj et <u>upo</u>.'''....''I <u>will be</u> here when you <u>(will) come.</u>¹'' :: Note 1: Unlike in English, Mirad does not use the present tense for a real future. There is also no sequence of tenses in Mirad (such as, ''He said he was coming.''. In Mirad, this would be expressed as ''He said he <u>will</u> come.''). ==== The Simple Hypothetical Atemporal Active Tense ==== : A verb form ending in '''u''' like '''pu''' has no time value and is used to express unreal actions or states, such as the '''''imperative''''', '''''hortative''''', '''''conditional''''', or '''''subjunctive'''''. : Examples: ::* '''<u>Upu</u> him!'''....''<u>Come</u> here!'' ('''''imperative''''') ::* '''<u>Von upu</u>!''' ....''<u>Don't come</u>!'' ('''''negative imperative''''') ::* '''Ha edeb <u>fu</u> teater et.''' ....''The king <u>would like</u> to see you.'' ('''''conditional''''') ::* '''Ven at <u>su</u> et, at <u>dolu</u>.''' ....''If I <u>were</u> you, I <u>would be</u> quiet.'' ('''''conditional''''') ::* '''Van yeyt <u>ujaku</u> be yeyta yexneadi.''' ....''May all you (women) <u>succeed</u> in your careers.'' ('''''hortative''''') ::* '''Van yat <u>ijbu</u> bay fyadil.''' ....''Let's <u>begin</u> with a prayer.'' ('''''jussive''''') ::* '''Se kyitesa <u>van et puu</u> jwa.''' ....''It's important <u>that you arrive</u> early.'' ('''''subjunctive''''') ::* '''Se kyitesa <u>von et puu</u> jwo.'''....''It's important <u>that you not arrive</u> late.'' ('''''negative subjunctive''''') : Hypothetical verb forms ending in '''-u''' can be interpreted in various ways, depending on the following syntactical patterns in the sentence: ::* Generally, if a verb form ending in '''-u''' begins a sentence and has no subject, then it is an IMPERATIVE (a command). For example, '''Ipu!''', ''Go away!''. ::* If the verb form has a subject not preceded by the complementizers '''van''', '''ven''', or '''von''', then it is probably a conditional predicate like '''At fu per.'''....''I <u>would like</u> to go.''. ::* If the subject of the verb is preceded by '''ven'''....''if'', then it is a conditional clause as in '''Ven at <u>su</u> nasikat...'''....''If I <u>were</u> a rich man.''. ::* If the subject is preceded by '''Van'''....''that/let/may'' or '''von'''....''don't'', then it is a hortative wish like '''Van et yagteju.'''....''May you live long.'' or a jussive suggestion like '''Van yat fyadilu.'''....''Let us pray.'' or a prohibition like '''Von tiliu his!'''....''Don't drink this!''. === Voices === : Mirad has four voices: ::* Active ::* Passive ::* Reflexive ::* Reciprocal. ==== Active Voice ==== : The default voice is active, i.e. the subject of the verb is doing the action. ::* '''At teata ha kyes.'''....''I saw the event.'' ==== Passive Voice ==== : A verb form is converted from active to passive by inserting a '''w''' just after the stem of the verb form. The past passive particle ending '''-waa''' is usually abbreviated to '''-wa''' (''done'' is '''xwa'''). : The following chart shows the distinction between active and passive voice of various verbs: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}}; font-size:smaller; margin-left:4.8em" |+ Contrasting Active and Passive Voice ! Verb Form !! Active !! Active<br>Example !! Passive !! Passive<br>Example |- !row=1| Infinitive | '''xer'''<br>''to do'' || '''At fe xer fi.'''<br>''I want to do well.'' || '''xwer'''<br>''to be done'' || '''Ese hyos xwer.'''<br>''There is nothing to be done.'' |- !row=1| Present Participle | '''sexea'''<br>''constructing'' || '''Ha nunxob sexea hia tom...'''<br>''The firm constructing this building...''|| '''sexewa'''<br>''being constructed'' || '''His se sexewa.'''<br>''This is under construction.'' |- !row=1| Present | '''xe'''<br>''do/does'' ||'''At xe fi be tixam.'''<br>''I do well in school.'' || '''xwe'''<br>''is done'' || '''Huyenasi hoj xwe.'''<br>''Such things are never done.'' |- !row=1| Past Participle | '''xaa'''<br>''having done'' || '''Iyt, xaa hya iyta yex,...'''<br>''She, having done all her work,...'' ||'''xwa'''<br>''done'' || '''Hyas se xwa.'''<br>''Everything is done.'' |- !row=1| Past | '''tojba'''<br>''killed'' || '''Duhot tojba hwut?'''<br>''Who killed that guy?'' || '''tojbwa'''<br>''was killed'' || '''Duhoj wit tojbwa?'''<br>''When was he killed?'' |- !row=1| Hypothetical | '''bakxu'''<br>''heal'' || '''Bakxu at!'''<br>''Heal me!'' || '''bakxwu'''<br>''be healed'' || '''Van iyt bakxwu.'''<br>''May she be healed.'' |} : Intransitive verbs cannot be made passive. For example, '''tajer'''....''to be born'' is intransitive (takes no object) and has no passive voice form. However, the transitive verb '''tajber'''....''to bear, give birth'' can be passive, as in '''Ha tudet <u>tajbwa</u> zajub.'''....''The child <u>was delivered</u> yesterday'' (as opposed to '''Ha tudet <u>taja</u> zajub.'''....''The child <u>was born</u> yesterday.)'' Notice how this works with '''yijer''' (''to open''): ::* '''Ha mes yija.'''....''The door opened (by itself).'' (medio-passive) ::* '''Ha mes yijpa.'''....''The door came open.'' (dynamic medio-passive) ::* '''Yijbu ha mes.'''....''Open the door.'' (transitive active) ::* '''Ha mes yijbwa.'''....''The door was opened (by someone).'' (passive) : Impassive verbs form their past particple with the ending '''ya''', but these forms are somewhat rare. Here are some examples: ::* '''per'''....''to go'' -> '''pya'''....''gone'' ::* '''tajer'''....''to be born'' -> '''tajya'''....''born'' (ex.'''Jesus tajya bi Marya.''''....''Jesus, born of Mary'') ::* '''tojer'''....''to die'' -> '''tojya'''....''dead'' ::* '''loteaser'''....''to disappear'' -> '''loteasya'''....''disappeared'' (ex. '''Ha loteasya tobi be Arogem.'''....''the disappeared persons in Argentina.'') ==== Reflexive Voice ==== : A verb is made reflexive by prefixing the reflexive pronoun '''ut''' (''self''), for example: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' <big>→</big> '''uttojber'''....''to kill oneself'' ::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' <big>→</big> '''utvyilxer'''....''to wash up'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' <big>→</big> '''utteater'''....''to see oneself'' ::* '''yabler'''....''to lift'' <big>→</big> '''utyabler'''....''to lift oneself'' → '''Utyablu!'''....''Lift yourself up!'' ::* '''trer'''....''to know'' <big>→</big> '''uttrer'''....''to know oneself'' → '''Uttru!'''....''Know thyself!'' ==== Reciprocal Voice ==== : A verb is made reciprocal by prefixing the reciprocal pronoun '''hyuit'''....''one another'', for example: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' <big>→</big> '''hyuittojber'''....''to kill one another'' ::* '''vyilxer'''....''to wash'' <big>→</big> '''hyuitvyilxer'''....''to wash one another'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' <big>→</big> '''hyuitteater'''....''to see one another'' : Both the reflexive pronoun and reciprocal pronoun can be used as standalone objects. However, the plural form '''yut''' is used if the subject is plural, for example: ::* '''Yit vyilxa <u>yut</u>.'''....''They (f.) washed up. (= washed <u>selves</u>).'' ::* '''Ha twobeti dizeuda <u>hyuit</u>.'''....''The boys laughed at <u>one another</u>.'' : The word '''hyuit''' is a hybrid of '''hyit'''....''the same one'' combined with '''hyut'''....''the other one''. ==== Aspects Revisited ==== : Mirad verbs have the following aspects: ::* '''''Simple''''' -- this is the default aspect, shown above, i.e. non-progressive, non-perfect, non-imminent, and non-potential. ::* '''''Progressive''''' -- this is an aspect where the verb describes an on-going action or state spread over time. ::* '''''Perfect''''' -- this presents the action or state as anterior, or completed prior to another action or state. ::* '''''Immininent''''' -- this describes an action or state ''about to happen.'' ::* '''''Potential''''' -- this refers to an action or state where something is ''possible''. ==== The Simple Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Simple aspect. In the active voice, the tense vowels '''a''', '''e''', '''o''', and '''u''' are affixed to the stem. In the passive voice, the passive marker consonant '''w''' is inserted between the stem and the final tense vowels. The simple present tense refers to actions or states that are habitual (''I regularly go to school.''), regular (''The earth revolves around the sun.''), or permanent (''Blue is a color.''). The simple past refers to actions or states that occurred at a fixed point in time (''I did my homework last night.''). The simple future refers to actions or states that will occur at some particular point in the future (''The sun will rise tomorrow at dawn.''). The simple atemporal hypothetical ( = conditional) refers to an imagined action or state that has not be realized (''You would make a good president.''). :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Simple Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Simple !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>e</u>'''....''I do'' || '''Has x<u>we</u>'''....''It is done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>a</u>'''....''I did'' || '''Has x<u>wa</u>'''....''It was done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Future !! Indicative | '''At x<u>o</u>'''....''I will do'' || '''Has x<u>wo</u>'''....''It will be done'' |- !row=1| Simple !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''At x<u>u</u>'''....''I would do''¹ || '''Has x<u>wu</u>'''....''It would be done'' |} : 1: Absence of tense (Atemporal) + Hypothetical mood = '''''conditional'''''. ==== The Progressive Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Progressive aspect. The present tense vowel '''e''' followed by a buffer consonant, are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller; " |+ Progressive Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Progressive !! Present !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eye</u>'''....''I am doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewe</u>'''....''it is being done'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Past !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eya</u>'''....''I was doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewa</u>'''....''it was being done'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Future !! Indicative | '''at x<u>eyo</u>'''....''I am going to be doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewo</u>'''....''it will be happening'' |- !row=1| Progressive !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''at x<u>eyu</u>'''....''I would be doing'' || '''Has x<u>ewu</u>'''....''it would be happening'' |} ==== The Perfect Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Perfect aspect. The past tense vowel '''a''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Perfect Aspect |- ! Aspect !! Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Perfect !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>aye</u>'''....''I have done'' || '''Has x<u>awe</u>'''....''It has been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>aya</u>'''....''I had done'' || '''Has x<u>awa</u>'''....''It had been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Future !! Indicative |'''At x<u>ayo</u>'''....''I will have done'' || '''Has x<u>awo</u>'''....''It will have been done'' |- !row=1| Perfect !! Atemporal !! Hypothetical | '''At x<u>ayu</u>'''....''I would have done'' || '''Has x<u>awu</u>'''....''It would have been done'' |} ==== The Imminent Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Imminent aspect (sometimes referred to as the Prospective aspect). The future tense vowel '''o''' following by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. Not that only indicative mood imminent tenses are ever used. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Imminent Aspect |- ! Aspect || Tense !! Mood !! Active Voice !! Passive Voice |- !row=1| Imminent !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>oye</u>'''....''I am about to do'' || '''Has x<u>owe</u>'''....''It is about to be done'' |- !row=1| Imminent !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>oya</u>'''....''I was about to do'' || '''Has x<u>owa</u>'''....''It was about to be done'' |} ==== The Potential Aspect ==== : The following chart presents Mirad verbs in the Potential aspect. The hypothetical vowel '''u''' followed by a buffer consonant are inserted between the stem and the final tense vowel. The buffer consonant is '''y''' in the active voice, or '''w''' in the passive voice. The future potential and hypothetical potential aspects are never used. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Potential Aspect |- ! ASPECT !! TENSE !! MOOD !! ACTIVE VOICE !! PASSIVE VOICE |- !row=1| Potential !! Present !! Indicative | '''At x<u>uye</u>'''....''I am to do'' || '''Has x<u>uwe</u>'''....''It is to be done, it is doable'' |- !row=1| Potential !! Past !! Indicative | '''At x<u>uya</u>'''....''I was to do'' || '''Has x<u>uwa</u>'''....''It was to be done, it was doable'' |} == Verb Conjugation Chart == : The following chart presents the totality of the Mirad affirmative verb conjugation system using the verb '''xer'''....''to do'' and its passive '''xwer'''....''to be done, happen''. The rows beginning with a light blue background are finite forms, while those beginning with light green are non-finite forms. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Conjugation Chart |- valign=top !rowspan=2| State !!rowspan=2| Mood !!rowspan=2| Aspect !!rowspan=2| Tense !! colspan=4|Voice |- ! Active!!Passive |- ! rowspan=16 style="background: lightblue;{{text default color}};"|Finite !!rowspan=3| Indicative !!rowspan=4| Simple !! Present | '''xe''' <br>''does''||'''xwe'''<br>''is done, happens'' |- ! Past | '''xa''' <br>''did''||'''xwa'''<br>''was done, happened'' |- ! Future | '''xo''' <br>''will do''||'''xwo'''<br>''will be done, will happen'' |- ! Hypothetical|| | '''xu''' <br>''would do, do!''||'''xwu'''<br>''would be done, would happen, be done!'' |- !rowspan=3| Indicative !!rowspan=4| Progressive !! Present | '''xeye'''<br>''is doing''||'''xewe'''<br>''is being done, is happening'' |- ! Past | '''xeya''' <br>''was doing''||'''xewa'''<br>''was doing, was happening'' |- ! Future | '''xeyo'''<br>''will be doing''||'''xewo'''<br>''will be happening'' |- ! Hypothetical|| | '''xeyu''' <br>''would be doing''<br>''be doing!''||'''xewu'''<br>''would be happening'' |- !rowspan=3|Indicative !! rowspan=4| Perfect !! Present | '''xaye''' <br>''has done''||'''xawe''' <br>''has been done, has happened'' |- ! Past | '''xaya''' <br>''had done''||'''xawa'''<br>''had been done, had happened'' |- ! Future | '''xayo''' <br>''will have done''||'''xawo''' <br>''will have been done, will have happened'' |- ! Hypothetical !! | '''xayu''' <br>''would have done''||'''xawu'''<br>''would have been done, would have happened'' |- !rowspan=4| Indicative !! rowspan=2|Imminent !! Present | '''xoye''' <br>''is about to do''||'''xowe'''<br>''is about to be done, is about to happen'' |- ! Past | '''xoya'''<br>''was to be done'' ||'''xowa'''<br>''was to be done, was to happen'' |- ! rowspan=2|Potential !! Present | '''xuye'''<br>''is supposed to do'' ||'''xuwe''' <br>''is supposed to happen'' |- ! Past | '''xuya''' <br>''was supposed to do''||'''xuwa'''<br>''was supposed to be done, was supposed to happen'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- ! rowspan=2 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};"|Infinitive !! !! Simple !! rowspan=8| | '''xer'''<br>''to do''||'''xwer'''<br>''to be done, to happen'' |- ! !! Perfect | '''xayer'''<br>''to have done''||'''xawer'''<br>''to have been done, to have happend'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- ! rowspan=4 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};"|Participle !! !! Progressive | '''xea'''<br>''doing'' ||'''xewa'''<br>''being done, happening'' |- ! !! Perfect | '''xya''' <br>''having done''||'''xwa'''<br>''done, happened'' |- ! !! Imminent | '''xoa''' <br>''about to do''||'''xowa'''<br>''about to happen'' |- ! !! Potential | '''xua'''<br>''bound to do'' ||'''xuwa'''<br>''doable'' |- ! colspan=6 style="background: black;color:white;"| |- !rowspan=2 style="background: lightgreen;{{Text default color}};" |Gerund ! !! Simple !! | '''xen''' <br>''doing''||'''xwen''' <br>''being done, happening, event'' |- ! !! Perfect !! | '''xayen'''<br>''having done''||'''xawen'''<br>''having happened'' |} : Note 1: Intransitive verbs such as '''per''' ''to go'' have no passive forms. An expression such as ''They are gone.'' would be translated as '''Yit se pya'''. == Negative Forms == : All of the above verb forms are affirmative. The indicative and conditional forms can be made negative by using the negative adverb '''voy''' (''not'', '' 'nt'', ''doesn't'', ''don't''). Those forms that are subjunctive, jussive, or imperative ending in '''-u''' use the negative subordinate conjunction '''von''' (''don't'', ''let not'', ''lest''). : '''voy'''....''not'' ::* '''At <u>voy</u> te.'''....''I <u>don</u>'t know.'' (indicative) ::* '''<u>Voy</u> mamilo.'''....''It will <u>not</u> rain.'' (indicative) ::* '''At <u>voy</u> xu hus.'''....''I would <u>not</u> do that.'' (conditional) : '''von'''....''Let's not, don't, let it not'' ::* '''<u>Von</u> mamilu.'''....''<u>Let it not</u> rain.'' (subjunctive) ::* '''<u>Von</u> yat fuyaku.'''....''<u>Let</u> us <u>not</u> despair.'' (jussive) ::* '''<u>Von</u> pu!'''....''<u>Don't</u> go.'' (imperative) : Participles, gerunds, and infinitives can be negated with the prefix '''o-''' (''un-, non-''). ::* '''tosea'''....''feeling'' -> '''otosea'''....''unfeeling'' ::* '''xwa'''....''done'' -> '''oxwa'''....''undone'' ::* '''teliwa'''....''eaten'' -> '''oteliwa'''....''uneaten'' ::* '''tejen'''....''living'' -> '''otejen'''....''not living'' ::* '''buen'''....''giving'' -> '''obuen'''....''not giving'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' -> '''obuer'''....''not to give'' ::* '''ter'''....''to know'' => '''oter'''....''not to know, i.e. to ignore'' : Partciples, gerunds, and infinitives can also be negated with the word '''voy'' (''not''), eg: ::* '''voy tea ha dud'''....''not knowing the answer'' ::* '''gel voy tejea'''....''like not living'' ::* '''av voy xen hes'''....''for not doing something'' == How to Express Certain English Tenses == : English speakers have some tenses that do not fit into the above schema, and so Mirad uses a combination of verbs to achieve the same sense: ::* The English tense ''I have been studying French for four years.'' is translated in Mirad by '''At saye tixea Ferad ji uwa jabi.''' (Mirad present perfect of '''ser''' (''to be'') + the present participle of the main verb, '''tixer'''. ::* The English tense ''I had been studying'' is translated in Mirad by '''At saya tixer''', the past perfect of the verb '''ser''' (''to be'') + the present participle of the main verb, '''tixer'''. ::* The English tense ''I am going to be starring in that role.'' is translated in Mirad by '''At dezdebeyo be hua dezgon.''' (Mirad future progressive). ::* The modern Black English tense ''Don't you be doing that.'' is handled in Mirad by '''Von et xeyu hus.''' (Mirad imperative progressive). == Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs == : Transitive verbs, which can take a direct object, oppose themselves to intransitive verbs, which do not take a direct object. Some verbs are marked overtly for transitivity. : Verbs that end in '''xer''' (''to do, -ify, -ize'') are by nature transitive, and often have intransitive counterparts in '''ser''' (''to be, become, -ify, -ize''). Likewise, verbs ending in '''ber''' (''to put, take'') are transitive and have intransitive counterparts in '''per''' (''to go''). Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Transitive vs. Intransitive |- ! Transitive !! Intransitive |- | '''xer'''....''do'' || '''ser'''....''be'' |- | '''agxer'''....''grow (something)'' || '''agser'''....''grow (up)'' |- | '''amxer'''....''heat, make hot'' || '''amser'''....''become hot, heat up'' |- | '''puxer'''....''throw'' || '''puser'''....''jump'' |- | '''per'''....''go'' || '''ber'''....''put'' |- | '''aber'''....''put on'' || '''aper'''....''get on'' |- | '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' |- | '''poxer'''....''stop (something)'' || '''poser'''....''(come to a) stop'' |- | '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach'' |- | '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter'' |} ::* '''At <u>agxe</u> vobi.'''....''I <u>grow</u> [TRANSITIVE] plants.'' ::* '''Ha vobi <u>agseye</u> ig.'''....''The plants <u>are growing</u> [INTRANSITIVE] fast.'' ::* '''<u>Poxu</u> ha pur!'''....''<u>Stop</u> [TRANSITIVE] the car!'' ::* '''Ha pur <u>posa</u>.'''....''The car <u>stopped</u> [INTRANSITIVE].'' ::* '''At <u>yaba</u> ha mis.'''....''I <u>raised</u> [TRANSITIVE] the window.'' ::* '''Ha amar <u>yapaye</u>.'''....''The sun <u>has risen</u> [INTRANSITIVE].'' === Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity === : Note the following verbs, whose stems end in '''j''' are hard to pronounce with intransitive '''s''' and transitive '''x''', so these two endings are placed with '''p''' and '''b''', respectively, although the presence of the '''p''' is optional, i.e. it's presence or absence can slightly change the meaning from static to dynamic, eg. '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' vs. '''tujper'''....''to fall asleep''. The transitive forms can be either active or passive. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Marking -jer Verbs for Transitivity |- ! colspan=2|Intransitive !! colspan=2|Transitive |- ! Static !! Dynamic !! Active !! Passive |- | '''Ha mes <u>yija</u>'''<br>''The door <u>opened</u>.'' || '''Ha nasyef <u>yijpa</u>'''<br>''The purse <u>came open</u>.'' || '''At <u>yijba</u> ha mes.'''<br>''I <u>opened</u> the door.'' || '''Ha mes <u>yijbwa</u> bey yelput.'''<br>''The door <u>was opened</u> by an intruder'' |- | '''Ha mes <u>yuja</u>.'''<br>''The door <u>closed</u>.'' || '''Ha yanup <u>yujpa</u>.'''<br>''The meeting <u>adjourned</u>.'' || '''At <u>yujba</u> ha mes.'''<br>''I <u>closed</u> the door.''||'''Ha mes yeyfe <u>yujbwer</u> ja sumjob.'''<br>''The door should <u>be closed</u> by bedtime.'' |- | '''Ha dezun <u>ijaye</u>.'''<br>''The play <u>has started</u>.''||'''Ha par <u>ijpa</u> boy poys.'''<br>''The car <u>started up</u> immediately.'' ||'''At <u>ijba</u> ata tyal.'''<br>''I <u>started</u> my meal.''||'''Ha tyal <u>ijbwa</u> jwa.'''<br>''The meal <u>was started</u> early.'' |- | '''Ha dezun <u>ujaye</u>.'''<br>''The play has <u>ended</u>.''||'''Ata yex <u>ujpaye</u>.'''<br>''My work <u>has come to an end</u>.'' || '''A <u>ujba</u> ha dyes.'''<br>''I <u>finished</u> the book.''||'''Ha dyes hyoj <u>ujbwa</u>.'''<br>''The book never <u>got finished</u>.'' |- | '''Ha tob <u>toja</u> zomoj.'''<br>''The man <u>died</u> yesterday evening.''||'''Ha tob <u>tojpa</u>.'''<br>''The man <u>dropped dead.</u>'' || '''Hot <u>tojba</u> ha twob?'''<br>''Who <u>killed</u> the man?''||'''Ha twob <u>tojbwa</u> bey ita tayd.'''<br>''The man <u>was killed</u> by his wife.'' |- | '''<u>Teju</u>.'''<br>''<u>Live!</u>.''||'''<u>Tejpu!</u>.'''<br>''<u>Come alive!</u>.'' || '''Yat efe <u>tejber</u> ha twob.'''<br>''We need to <u>revive</u> the man.''||'''Ha twob yofwa <u>tejbwer</u>.'''<br>''The man could not <u>be revived</u>.'' |- | '''Ha tobot <u>taja</u> zojub.'''<br>''The baby <u>was born</u> yesterday.'' || '''Hoj ha tobot <u>tajpo</u>?'''<br>''When <u>will</u> the baby <u>pop out</u>?'' || '''Iyt <u>tajba</u> awa twobot zojub.'''<br>''She <u>gave birth</u> to a baby boy yesterday.''||'''Ha twobot <u>tajbwa</u> jo eymoj.'''<br>''The baby boy was <u>birthed</u> after midnight.'' |- | '''At <u>tija</u> jwe.'''<br>''I <u>woke up</u> on time.''||'''It voy <u>tijpa</u>.'''<br>''He did not <u>come to.</u>.'' || '''At <u>tijbo</u> et jwa.'''<br>''I will <u>wake (you) up</u> early.''||'''At voy fe <u>tijbwo</u> gra jwa.'''<br>''I don't want to <u>be woken</u> too early.'' |- | '''At <u>tujeya</u>.'''<br>''I was <u>sleeping.</u>''||'''At <u>tujpeya</u>.'''<br>''I was <u>falling sleep</u>.'' || '''At <u>tujbo</u> it.'''<br>''I will <u>put (him) to sleep.</u>.''||'''Ha tobot <u>tujbwo</u> glojo.'''<br>''The baby <u>will be put to sleep</u> soon.'' |} == Reflexive Verbs == [[File:TWC Hokitika Gorge • Stewart Nimmo • MRD 1.jpg|thumb|]] : Reflexive verbs, where the object refers back to the subject, work just as in English, where the object is a reflexive pronoun, eg.: ::* '''At tujboye aut.'''....''I am going to kill myself.'' ::* '''Tru eut!'''....''Know thyself!'' ::* '''It gobla iut bey goblar.'''....''He cut himself with a knife.'' ::* '''Ot yefe yuxer out.'''....''One must help oneself.'' : Sometimes, verbs are reflexive lexically and incorporate the reflexivity in the actual verb form using '''ut''' as the prefix: ::* '''uttujber'''....''commit suicide (= self-kill)'' ::* '''utboler'''....''support oneself (= self-support)'' ::* '''utdider'''....''wonder (= self-ask)'' : Sometimes, verbs are used reflexively in Mirad even though they are used simply intransitively in English, eg.: ::* '''Et efe <u>vyilxer eut</u>.'''....''You need to wash up [= <u>wash yourself</u>].'' (or) ::* '''Et efe <u>utvyilxer</u>.'''....''You need to wash up [= <u>self-wash</u>].'' == Omission of Prepositions After Certain Verbs == :: Some verbs inherently incorporate a preposition and so it is not necessary to use that assumed preposition before what would normally be an indirect object. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Inherent Propositions |- ! Preposition-Incorporating Verb !! Example |- | '''per'''....''go (to)'' || '''Pu tam!''' (Not: '''Pu bu tam!''') ''Go home.''<br>'''It pa Paris.'''....''He went to Paris.'' |- | '''der'''....''say (to), tell'' || '''Du at eta dyun.'''....''Tell me your name.''<br>'''Du at has.'''....''Tell it to me.'' |- | '''peser'''....''wait (for)'' || '''Pesu at.'''....''Wait for me.'' |- | '''buer'''....''give (to)'' || '''Buu at hua dyes.'''....''Give me that book.'' |} :: As in English, in omitting the inherent preposition in a sentence with both a direct object and an indirect object, place the indirect object before the direct object. If the direct object comes first, then the preposition must be overtly specified before the indirect object, eg. '''Buu <u>at</u> hus.'''....''Give me that.'' or '''Buu hus <u>bu at</u>.'''....''Give that <u>to me</u>.'' See more about this in the chapter on [[Mirad_Grammar/Syntax|Syntax]]. == Causative vs. Inchoative Verbs == : A causative verb has the sense ''to make something have some quality'', whereas an inchoative verbs means ''to become or take on the quality of something.'' === Derived from Adjectives === : Adjectives can be converted into transitive/causative and intransitive/inchoative verbs. Causative verbs are always transitive (taking an object), while inchoative verbs are intransitive (not taking an object). English causative / inchoative verbs often end in ''-ify'' like ''magnify'', or ''-ate'', ''liberate'', or ''ize'', like ''sensitize''. : To derive a causative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''-xer'''....''to do'' to either the stem or the whole adjective (with the '''a''' ending). Whether you do the former or the latter depends on several factors, but the end result is slightly different in nuance. A verb with adjective stem + '''-xer''' is slightly more idiomatic or less literal than the adjective stem + '''axer'''. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ -axer vs -xer in Transitive Verbs |- ! Adjective !! Causative/Transitive !! Causative/Transitive |- ! '''-xer''' !! Literal !! Idiomatic |- | '''aga'''<br>''big'' || '''ag<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to magnify'' || '''agxer'''<br>''to grow'' |- | '''ana'''<br>''one'' || '''an<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to unify'' || '''anxer'''<br>''to unite'' |- | '''yona'''<br>''apart'' || '''yon<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to separate'' || '''yonxer'''<br>''to cut'' |- | '''yaga'''<br>''long'' || '''yag<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to lengthen'' || '''yagxer'''<br>''to stretch'' |- | '''yuga'''<br>''slow'' || '''yug<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to retard'' || '''yugxer''' <br>''to brake'' |- | '''sana'''<br>''formal'' || '''san<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to formalize'' || '''sanxer'''<br>''to form'' |- | '''gea'''<br>''equal'' || '''ge<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to equalize'' || '''gexer'''<br>''to equal, equate'' |- | '''jaa'''<br>''prior'' || '''ja<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to prioritize'' || '''jaxer'''<br>''to prepare'' |- | '''aota'''<br>''personal'' || '''aot<u>a</u>xer'''<br>''to personalize'' || '''aotxer'''<br>''to personify'' |} : To derive an inchoative verb from an adjective, add the suffix '''ser'''....''to be'' to either the stem or the whole adjective. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Creating Inchoative Verbs |- ! Adjective !! Inchoative/Intransitive !! Inchoative/Intransitive |- ! '''-ser''' !! Literal !! Idiomatic |- | '''aga'''<br>''big'' || '''ag<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to get bigger'' || '''agser'''<br>''to grow'' |- | '''ana'''<br>''one'' || '''an<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to unify'' || '''anser'''<br>''to unite, become united'' |- | '''yona'''<br>''apart'' || '''yon<u>a</u>ser'''<br>''to become separate'' || '''yonser'''<br>''to break'' |- |} : Be careful to use the transitive, causative verb form when you have a direct object, and the intransitive, inchoative verb form when no direct objects are present or possible, eg.: ::* '''<u>Ansu</u> ey yet golxwo.'''....''<u>Unite</u> or you will be divided.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''At <u>yontadsa</u> hoj at sa eta jag.'''....''I <u>got divorced</u> when I was your age.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''Hisi <u>agaxo</u> hos et teate.'''....''These <u>will magnify</u> what you see.'' [TRANSITIVE] ::* '''Hia tud <u>agseye</u> ig.'''....''This child <u>is growing up</u> fast.'' [INTRANSITIVE] ::* '''Ata tayd <u>agxe</u> vosi be oyebzom.'''....''My wife <u>grows</u> flowers out back.'' [TRANSITIVE] === Derived from Nouns === : Transitive/causative/active and intransitive/inchoative/passive verbs can also be formed from nouns. The sense of the former is ''to make be X'' and of the latter, ''to become X''. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verbs Derived from Nouns |- ! Noun !! Transitive/Causative/Active !! Intransitive/Inchoative/Passive |- | '''mog'''....''ash'' || '''mogxer'''<br>''to incinerate'' || '''mogser'''<br>''to become ashes'' |- | '''yan'''....''collection'' || '''yanxer'''<br>''to collect'' || '''yanser'''<br>''to get together'' |- | '''tad'''....''spouse'' || '''tadxer'''<br>''to marry'' || '''tadser'''<br>''to get married'' |- | '''yom'''....''ice'' || '''yomxer'''<br>''to freeze/make ice'' || '''yomser'''<br>''to freeze/become ice'' |- | '''mag'''....''fire'' || '''magxer'''<br>''to burn, set fire to'' || '''magser'''<br>''to burn, get burned'' |- | '''uk'''....''void'' || '''ukxer'''<br>''to empty'' || '''ukser'''<br>''become empty, empty out'' |} === Intermediary Causative Verbs === : Intermediary verbal causatives like ''have/get my car washed'', ''make/force him go'', ''get one's hair cut'' are formed by suffixing the causative verb infix '''-ux-''' (active) or '''uxw''' (passive) to the stem of the verb signifying the action to be arranged or caused by someone other than the subject, eg.: ::* '''At gobl<u>ux</u>o ata tayeb zajub.'''....''I will get my hair cut tomorrow.'' ::* '''Et voy yafe p<u>ux</u>er at.'''....''You cannot make me go.'' ::* '''Wit tojb<u>ux</u>a yit.'''....''He had them killed.'' ::* '''At efe vyilx<u>ux</u>er ata pur.'''....''I need to have my car washed.'' ::* '''Et up<u>ux</u>wa him av hes.'''....''You were made to come here for some reason.'' ::* '''At bakamb<u>ux</u>o et.'''....''I will have you hospitalized.'' ::* '''Et voy yafe deuz<u>ux</u>er at.'''....''You cannot make me sing.'' ::* '''At hihid<u>ux</u>wa.'''....''I was tickled (= made to laugh).'' ::* '''Eta deuz hihid<u>ux</u>a yat.'''....''Your song tickled us. (= Made us laugh.)'' ::* '''Van het ivas<u>ux</u>u weti.'''....''May someone get you guys to be happy.'' ::* '''Hua enzyukpur uzp<u>ux</u>a yata pur.'''....''That motorcycle caused our car to veer.'' == Subject-directed vs. Patient-directed Verbs == : The directionality of some verbs can be distinguished by the verbal formant infix '''-i-''' for an action or motion toward the speaker and '''-u-''' for an action or motion away from the speaker toward some patient, eg.: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Directional Verbs |- ! Subject-directed !! Patient-directed |- | '''b<u>i</u>er'''....''to take'' || '''b<u>u</u>er'''....''to give'' |- | '''nier'''....''to consume'' || '''nuer'''....''to supply'' |- | '''nyier'''....''to order'' || '''nyuer'''....''to deliver'' |- | '''nazunier'''....''win a prize'' || '''nazunuer'''....''award a prize'' |- | '''noysier'''....''pay off'' || '''noysuer'''....''charge'' |- | '''ojbier'''....''borrow'' || '''ojbuer'''....''lend'' |- | '''tadier'''....''get married'' || '''taduer'''....''marry off'' |- | '''papier'''....''take flight'' || '''papuer'''....''send off flying'' |- | '''pipier'''....''set sail'' || '''pipuer'''....''dock'' |- | '''simbier'''....''take a seat'' || '''simbuer'''....''offer a seat'' |- | '''tampier'''....''leave home'' || '''tampuer'''....''arrive home'' |- | '''tamier'''....''settle in'' || '''tamuer'''....''shelter'' |- | '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' |- | '''telier'''....''to eat'' || '''teluer'''....''to feed'' |- | '''gonbier'''....''to participate'' || '''gonbuer'''....''to share'' |- | '''tilier'''....''to drink'' || '''tiluer'''....''to ply with drink'' |- | '''teubier'''....''to swallow'' || '''teubuer'''....''to spit out'' |- | '''teatier'''....''to observe, watch'' || '''teatuer'''....''to show'' |- | '''taxier'''....''to memorize'' || '''taxuer'''....''to remind'' |- | '''alier'''....''to breathe in'' || '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, expire'' |- | '''ilier'''....''to absorb'' || '''iluer'''....''to pour'' |- | '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' || '''ifuer'''....''to please'' |- | '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''duer'''....''to suggest'' |- | '''tier'''....''to learn'' || '''tuer'''....''to inform'' |- | '''pier'''....''to depart'' || '''puer'''....''to arrive'' |- | '''kebier'''....''to choose'' || '''kebuer'''....''to distribute'' |- | '''byier'''....''to originate'' || '''byuer'''....''to target'' |- | '''mempier'''....''to take off'' || '''mempuer'''....''to land'' |- | '''sinier'''....''visualize'' || '''sinuer'''....''display'' |- | '''xier'''....''to result'' || '''xuer'''....''to cause'' |- | '''yifier'''....''to get up the courage'' || '''yifuer'''....''to encourage, challenge'' |- | '''yafonier'''....''to gain power'' || '''yafonuer'''....''to empower'' |- | '''trier'''....''to become acquainted with'' || '''truer'''....''to acquaint with, introduce to'' |- | '''tepzexier'''....''to draw attention'' || '''tepzexuer'''....''to focus attention on'' |- | '''yekier'''....''to undertake'' || '''yekuer'''....''to challenge'' |- | '''dyunier'''....''to assume the name of'' || '''dyunuer'''....''to bestow the name of'' |- | '''abfinier'''....''to take advantage of'' || '''abfinuer'''....''to favor'' |} : In some cases, the directionality can be both ways in a verb, in which case the verb formant infix '''-ui-''' (a hybrid form) is used, eg.: ::* '''nunier '''....''to purchase'' (subject-directed) ::* '''nunuer'''....''to sell'' (patient-directed) ::* '''nunuier'''....''to trade'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''tier'''....''to learn, realize'' (subject-directed) ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform, tip off'' (patient-directed) ::* '''tuier'''....''to communicate'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''ebtuier'''....''to intercommunicate'' ::* '''alier'''....''to breathe in, inhale'' (subject-directed) ::* '''aluer'''....''to breathe out, exhale'' (patient-directed) ::* '''aluier'''....''to breathe, respire'' (subject & patient-directed) ::* '''bier '''....''to take'' (subject-directed) ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' (patient-directed) ::* '''buier'''....''to give and take, exchange'' (subject & patient-directed) == Bi-radical Verbs == : Some verbs are formed using two verb roots together. Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Bi-radical Verbs |- ! Verb Root 1 !! Verb Root 2 !! Bi-radical Verb |- | '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''nuxbier'''....''to buy'' |- | '''nixer'''....''to earn'' || '''buer'''....''to give'' || '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' |- | '''kexer'''....''to seek'' || '''bier'''....''to take'' || '''kexbier'''....''to choose'' |- | '''uper'''....''to come'' || '''dier'''....''to ask'' || '''updier'''....''to invite'' |- | '''teater'''....''to see'' || '''der'''....''to tell'' || '''teader'''....''to testify'' |- | '''teeter'''....''to hear'' || '''drer'''....''to write'' || '''teadrer'''....''to report'' |- | '''teater'''....''to see'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''teaper'''....''to visit'' |- | '''texer'''....''to think'' || '''der'''....''to say'' || '''texder'''....''to mention'' |- | '''kexer'''....''to seek'' || '''pixer'''....''to catch'' || '''kexpixer'''....''to hunt'' |- | '''yeker'''....''to try'' || '''teexer'''....''to listen'' || '''yekteexer'''....''to try (in court)'' |} == Verbs with Vectorial Prefixes == : Prepositions and directional adverbs can be prefixed to verbs in order to change their vectorial semantics. A preposition ending in '''b''' will assimilate by losing the '''b''' before the verb '''per'''....''to go'' or the verb '''ber'''. This assimilation does not occur for other verbs beginning with '''b''' such as '''byexer''' (''to hit''). A preposition ending in '''b''' will, however, assimilate (lose the '''b''') before any verb bases beginning with a '''p'''. For example, '''ab''' (''on'') + '''bexer''' (''to hold'') = '''obbexer''' (''to hold on''), because '''obexer''' could be interpreted as ''to release''. Here are some examples: :{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Prepositional Prefixes |- ! Preposition/Adverb !! Transitive Verb !! Intransitive Verb |- | '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''apply''<br>not '''abber'''! || '''aper'''....''get on''<br>not '''abper'''! |- | '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove'' || '''oper'''....''get off, dismount'' |- | '''ab'''....''off'' || '''abbaxrer'''....''to rub on'' || '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' |- | '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene'' |- | '''eb'''....''between'' || '''ebdrayefser'''....''to interleave'' || '''ebdrafxer'''....''to interleave'' |- | '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''uber'''....''to send'' || '''uper'''....''to come'' |- | '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''ubbixer'''...''to attract'' || '''upixer'''....''to pitch toward'' |- | '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' |- | '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''take down'' || '''yoper'''....''descend'' |- | '''yub'''....''near'' || '''yuber'''....''bring near'' || '''yuper'''....''approach'' |- | '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''go far away'' |- | '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yeber'''....''insert'' || '''yeper'''....''enter'' |- | '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''yepuxer'''....''throw in'' || '''yepuser'''....''jump in'' |- | '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyeber'''....''expose'' || '''oyeper'''....''exit'' |- | '''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''oyebbuxer'''....''expel'' || '''oyepuxer'''....''eject'' |- | '''zyu'''....''round'' || '''zyuber'''....''rotate'' || '''zyuper'''....''revolve'' |- | '''zya'''....''throughout'' || '''zyaber'''....''spread'' || '''zyaper'''....''tour'' |- | '''av'''....''for'' || '''avdaler'''....''plead'' || '''avper'''....''pursue'' |- | '''ov'''....''against'' || '''ovber'''....''oppose'' || '''ovper'''....''countervene'' |- | '''yan'''....''together'' || '''yanber'''....''compose'' || '''yanper'''....''meet'' |- | '''yon'''....''apart'' || '''yonber'''....''separate'' || '''yonper'''....''separate'' |- | '''iz'''....''direct'' || '''izber'''....''lead'' || '''izper'''....''head'' |- | '''uz'''....''curved'' || '''uzber'''....''divert'' || '''uzper'''....''diverge'' |- | '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzber'''....''surround'' || '''yuzper'''....''circulate'' |- | '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''transfer'' || '''yizper'''....''surpass'' |- | '''zoy'''....''back, re-'' || '''zoyber'''....''return'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back'' |} == Other Semantics-altering Verb Prefixes == : As in English and many other languages, prefixes can be used on verbs to reverse, mitigate, or otherwise alter the semantics: === Expressing ''re-'' with '''zoy-''' or '''gaw-''' === : The prefix '''zoy-'''....''back'' or '''gaw-¹'''....''again'' are used like the English prefix ''re-'', eg.: ::* '''ember'''....''to position'' → '''<u>zoy</u>-ember'''....''to <u>re</u>position, <u>re</u>place'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>zoy</u>buer'''....''to <u>re</u>turn (an object), give back'' ::* '''sanxer'''....''to shape, form'' → '''<u>zoy</u>sanxer'''....''to <u>re</u>shape, <u>re</u>form, <u>trans</u>form'' ::* '''zyauber'''....''to broadcast'' → '''gawzyauber'''....''to re-broadcast'' ::* '''taja'''....''born'' → '''gawtaja'''....''reborn'' ::* '''aber'''....''to apply'' → '''gawaber'''....''to reapply'' ::* '''teaper'''....''to visit'' → '''<u>gaw</u>teaper'''....''to <u>re</u>visit'' ::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''<u>zoy</u>-uper²'''....''to <u>re</u>turn, come <u>back</u>'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>zoy</u>buxer'''....''to <u>re</u>pel, push <u>back</u>'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zoy</u>puxer'''....''to <u>re</u>ject, throw <u>back</u>, jettison'' : Note 1: The prefix '''gaw-''' before a consonant is pronounced like the ''gaw'' in the English word ''gawk''. It is short for '''ga awa jod''' or '''gawa''' meaning ''one more time, again''. If the "re-" word means ''to do something again'', then '''gaw-''' is used, eg. ''To reconvene'' ( = ''meet again'')....'''gawyanuper''' If the sense of ''back'' is intended, than the prefix '''zoy-''' is used, eg. ''To return'' ( = ''come back'')....'''zoyuper'''. Both prefixes are used in the expression ''Come back again!''....'''Gawzoy-upu!'''. : Note 2: The prefix '''zoy''' is followed by a hyphen to make it clear that the prepositon is '''zoy''', not '''zo''' and that the base verb is '''uper''' (''come''), not '''yuper''' (''to approach''). :''Until we meet again'' or ''au revoir'' is expressed by '''Ju gawyanup.''' === Expressing ''de-, dis-, un-'' with '''lo-''' === : The prefix '''lo-''' reverses the semantics of a verb and is like English ''dis-'', ''de-'', or ''un-'', eg.: ::* '''sexer'''....''to build, construct'' → '''<u>lo</u>sexer'''....''to <u>de</u>stroy, <u>de</u>construct'' ::* '''anxer'''....''to unite'' → '''<u>lo</u>anxer'''....''to <u>dis</u>unite'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>lo</u>xer'''....''to <u>un</u>do'' : Note the difference between '''o-''' and '''lo-'''. ::* '''odoparuwa'''....''<u>un</u>armed'' (= ''not armed'') ::* '''lodoparuwa'''....''<u>dis</u>armed'' (= from the verb '''lodoparuer'''....''to disarm'') === Expressing ''co-'' with '''yan-''' === : The prefix '''yan-'''....''together'' is used as the English ''co-'', eg.: ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''<u>yan</u>exer'''....''to <u>co</u>operate'' ::* '''tamer'''....''to dwell'' → '''<u>yan</u>tamer'''....''to <u>co</u>habit'' ::* '''napber'''....''to put in order'' → '''<u>yan</u>napber'''....''to <u>co</u>ordinate'' === Making Verbs Completive with '''ik-''' === : Verbs can be made completive or perfective by prefixing them with '''ik-''' (''fully''). Such verbs are comparable to phrasal verbs in English with ''up'' and other prepositions as in ''to eat up''. Here are some examples in Mirad: ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''iktojber'''....''to kill off, exterminate'' ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''iktelier'''....''to eat up'' ::* '''ujber'''....''to finish'' → '''ikujber'''....''to finish off/up'' ::* '''gofler'''....''to rip'' → '''ikgofler'''....''to rip up'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''ikdrer'''....''to write down'' ::* '''byexer'''....''to beat'' → '''ikbyexer'''....''to beat up'' ::* '''agser'''....''to grow'' → '''ikagser'''....''to grow up'' === Making Verbs Continuative with '''je-''' === : Verbs can be given a continuative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''je-''': ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''jedalar'''....''to go on talking, to blabber'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' → '''jetejer'''....''to go on living, to survive'' ::* '''yexer'''....''to work'' → '''jeyexer'''....''to go on working, to keep working'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''jeteaxer'''....''to watch'' ::* '''teexer'''....''to listen'' → '''jeteexer'''....''to keep listening, to pay attention'' ::* '''duler'''....''to insist'' → '''jeduler'''....''to nag'' === Making Verbs Inchoative with '''ij-''' === : Verbs can be given an inchoative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''ij-''': ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''ijtexer'''....''to start to think'' ::* '''ifier'''....''to enjoy'' → '''ijifier'''....''to start liking'' ::* '''trer'''....''to know'' → '''ijtrer'''....''to get to know'' ::* '''baxer'''....''to stir'' → '''ijbaxer'''....''to instigate'' ::* '''byaxer'''....''to erect'' → '''ijbyaxer'''....''to establish, to institute'' ::* '''dezer'''....''to perform'' → '''ijdezer'''....''to premier, to debut'' ::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' → '''ijeser'''....''to come about'' ::* '''kaxer'''....''to find'' → '''ijkaxer'''....''to invent'' ::* '''magxer'''....''to burn'' → '''ijmagxer'''....''to kindle'' ::* '''saxer'''....''to make'' → '''ijsaxer'''....''to create'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''ijtexer'''....''to conceive'' ::* '''tuxer'''....''to teach'' → '''ijtuxer'''....''to initiate'' ::* '''xeler'''....''to celebrate'' → '''ijxeler'''....''to inaugurate'' === Making Verbs Terminative with '''uj-''' === : Verbs can be given a terminative nuance with the addition of the prefix '''uj-''': ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''ujtelier'''....''to finish eating'' ::* '''dyeer'''....''to read'' → '''ujdyeer'''....''to finish reading'' ::* '''ufteuder'''....''to complain'' → '''ujufteuder'''....''to quit carping'' ::* '''aker'''....''to win'' → '''ujaker'''....''to succeed'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''ujder'''....''to conclude'' ::* '''gaber'''....''to add'' → '''ujgaber'''....''to append, to added at the end'' ::* '''gyoxer'''....''to thin'' → '''ujgyoxer'''....''to taper'' ::* '''kyeser'''....''to happen'' → '''ujkyeser'''....''to turn out'' ::* '''oker'''....''to lose'' → '''ujoker'''....''to fail'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Pleasure with '''if-''' === ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''iftyoper'''....''to stroll'' ::* '''tuyuxer'''....''to finger'' → '''iftuyuxer'''....''to tickle'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''ifteaxer'''....''to ogle (voyeuristically)'' ::* '''piper'''....''to sail'' → '''ifpiper'''....''to go cruising'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''ifteuder'''....''to laugh'' ::* '''eker'''....''to play'' → '''ifeker'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''abbaxer'''....''to pat'' → '''ifabbaxer'''....''to fondle, to caress'' ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''ifaxler'''....''to have fun'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''ifbier'''....''to embrace, to adopt, to foster'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''ifbuer'''....''to donate, to gift'' ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' → '''ifbikuer'''....''to foster'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''ifbixer'''....''to entice, to tempt, to seduce'' ::* '''ebdaler'''....''to converse'' → '''ifebdaler'''....''to chitchat'' ::* '''mimparer'''....''to go boating'' → '''ifmimparer'''....''to go yachting'' ::* '''tayoxer'''....''to touch'' → '''iftayoxer'''....''to tickle, to titillate'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''ifteaxer'''....''to ogle, to feast one's eyes on, to moon over'' ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''iftelier'''....''to feast on'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''iftyoper'''....''to stroll, to jaunt, to promenade'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Displeasure with '''uf-''' === ::* '''tosier'''....''to feel'' → '''uftosier'''....''to get angry'' ::* '''eker'''....''to play'' → '''ufeker'''....''to fight'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''ufder'''....''to express displeasure'' ::* '''aluer'''....''to exhale'' → '''ufaluer'''....''to huff'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''ufdaler'''....''to rant'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''ufteaxer'''....''to scorn, to disdain'' ::* '''teuber'''....''to make an expression'' → '''ufteuber'''....''to frown'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''ufteuder'''....''to grouse, to gripe'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Prohibition with '''of-''' === ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''ofbier'''....''to steal'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''ofdeler'''....''to ban'' ::* '''yeper'''....''to enter'' → '''ofyeper'''....''to intrude, break in'' ::* '''zeyper'''....''to cross'' → '''ofzeyper'''....''to transgress, poach'' ::* '''gelxer'''....''to copy'' → '''ofgelxer'''....''to pirate, plagiarize'' ::* '''bekuluer'''....''to administer medicine'' → '''ofbekuluer'''....''to dope'' ::* '''nuxuer'''....''to pay'' → '''ofnuxuer'''....''to bribe, pay off, suborn'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Holiness with '''fya-''' === ::* '''bexler'''....''to keep'' → '''fyabexler'''....''to enshrine'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''fyabuer'''....''to sacrifice'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fyader'''....''to bless'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''fyadaler'''....''to preach, sermonize'' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' → '''fyadiler'''....''to pray'' ::* '''deuzer'''....''to sing'' → '''fyadeuzer'''....''to chant'' ::* '''ifrer'''....''to love dearly'' → '''fyaifrer'''....''to worship, adore'' ::* '''jader'''....''to predict'' → '''fyajader'''....''to prophesy'' ::* '''miluer'''....''to sprinkle'' → '''fyamiluer'''....''to sprinkle with holy water'' ::* '''ojvader'''....''to promise'' → '''fyaojvader'''....''to swear'' ::* '''xeler'''....''to practice'' → '''fyaxeler'''....''to celebrate'' ::* '''koser'''....''to hide'' → '''fyakoser'''....''to go on a retreat, go into hermitage'' ::* '''teazer'''....''perform a show'' → '''fyateazer'''....''to perform a miracle'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Profanity with '''fyo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fyoder'''....''to curse'' ::* '''diler'''....''to request'' → '''fyodiler'''....''to conjure'' ::* '''tyezer'''....''to perform magic'' → '''fyotezer'''....''to engage in black magic'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''fyoxer'''....''to sin'' === Expressing Good Actions with '''fi-''' === ::* '''agser'''....''to grow'' → '''fiagser'''....''to thrive, to flourish'' ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''fiaxler'''....''to behave well'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''fider'''....''to praise'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''fideler'''....''to approve'' ::* '''datiber'''....''to host'' → '''fidatiber'''....''to welcome'' ::* '''diber'''....''to manage'' → '''fidiber'''....''to husband'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be silent'' → '''fidoler'''....''to be discrete'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''fiduer'''....''to recommend'' ::* '''ebexler'''....''to interact'' → '''fiebexler'''....''to get along well'' ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''fiexer'''....''to operate smoothly'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''fifer'''....''to mean well'' ::* '''ijer'''....''to start'' → '''fiijer'''....''to get a good start'' ::* '''nagser'''....''to measure'' → '''finagser'''....''to adapt'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange'' → '''finapxer'''....''to tidy up, to neaten'' ::* '''ojfer'''....''to wish'' → '''fiojfer'''....''to wish well'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''fiper'''....''to fare well, to prosper'' ::* '''teaser'''....''to seem'' → '''fiteaser'''....''to look nice'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look at'' → '''fiteaxer'''....''to admire'' ::* '''tejer'''....''to live'' → '''fitejer'''....''to thrive'' ::* '''teuder'''....''to shout'' → '''fiteuder'''....''to acclaim, to laud'' ::* '''tosuer'''....''to make feel'' → '''fitosuer'''....''to exhilarate'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' → '''fitujer'''....''to sleep soundly'' ::* '''yaker'''....''to expect'' → '''fiyaker'''....''to hope'' ::* '''yuxer'''....''to help'' → '''fiyuxer'''....''to benefit'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''fixer'''....''to do well'' === Expressing Bad Actions with '''fu-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''fuaxler'''....''to misbehave'' ::* '''bekuer'''....''to treat'' → '''fubekuer'''....''to mistreat, to maltreat'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''fubexer'''....''to fumble'' ::* '''bikuer'''....''to care for'' → '''fubikuer'''....''to neglect'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''fudaler'''....''to speak ill of, to badmouth'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''fudeler''''....''to denounce'' ::* '''diber'''....''to manage'' → '''fudiber'''....''to mismanage, to maladminister'' ::* '''doler'''....''to be quiet'' → '''fudoler'''....''to sulk'' ::* '''dezgonuer'''....''to cast'' → '''fudezgonuer'''....''to miscast'' ::* '''exer'''....''to function'' → '''fuexer'''....''to malfunction'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''fufer'''....''to wish ill'' ::* '''fyiduer'''....''to advise'' → '''fufyiduer'''....''to ill-advise'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange'' → '''funapxer'''....''to mess up'' ::* '''yevder'''....''to judge'' → '''fuyevder'''....''to critique negatively'' ::* '''yuxer'''....''to help'' → '''fuyuxer'''....''to abuse'' === Expressing More Intense Actions with '''az-''' === ::* '''abbixer'''....''to attract'' → '''<u>az</u>abbixer'''....''to infatuate'' ::* '''aluer'''....''to blow'' → '''<u>az</u>aluer'''....''to huff'' ::* '''basrer'''....''to shake'' → '''<u>az</u>basrer'''....''to convulse'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''<u>az</u>bexer'''....''to clutch'' ::* '''birer'''....''to grab''' → '''<u>az</u>birer'''....''to seize'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push''' → '''<u>az</u>buxer'''....''to prod'' ::* '''byexer'''....''to strike'' → '''<u>az</u>byexer'''....''to stomp, to hit hard'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>az</u>der'''....''to emphasize'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>az</u>duer'''....''to urge'' ::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>az</u>dizeuder'''....''to guffaw'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>az</u>fer'''....''to crave'' ::* '''fuyevder'''....''to criticize'' → '''<u>az</u>fuyevder'''....''to lambaste'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>az</u>yujber'''....''to lock'' === Expressing Less Intense Actions with '''oz-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to utter'' → '''<u>oz</u>der'''....''to whisper'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>oz</u>duer'''....''to hint'' ::* '''dizeuder'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>oz</u>dizeuder'''....''to chuckle'' ::* '''uvteuder'''....''to moan'' → '''<u>oz</u>uvteuder'''....''to whimper'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>oz</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' === Expressing ''pre-, fore-'' with '''ja-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to tell'' → '''<u>ja</u>der'''....''to foretell, predict'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''<u>ja</u>teater'''....''to foresee, preview'' ::* '''ter'''....''to know'' → '''<u>ja</u>ter'''....''to presage, have foreknowledge of'' ::* '''yever'''....''to judge'' → '''<u>ja</u>yever'''....''to prejudge'' ::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''<u>ja</u>juder'''....''to antedate'' === Expressing ''post-, after-'' with '''jo-''' === ::* '''juder'''....''to date'' → '''<u>jo</u>juder'''....''to postdate'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>jo</u>texer'''....''to reflect on, review'' ::* '''uvder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>jo</u>uvder'''....''to mourn, regret'' ::* '''ibler'''....''to obtain'' → '''<u>jo</u>ibler'''....''to inherit'' === Expressing ''excessively'' with '''gra-''' === ::* '''telier'''....''to eat'' → '''<u>gra</u>telier'''....''to overeat'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>gra</u>fer'''....''to covet'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>gra</u>der'''....''to exaggerate'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>gra</u>daler'''....''to yammer'' === Expressing ''inadequately'' with '''gro-''' === ::* '''fyinder'''....''to value'' → '''<u>gro</u>fyinder'''....''to underestimate'' ::* '''mageler'''....''to cook'' → '''<u>gro</u>mageler'''....''to undercook'' ::* '''xaer'''....''to perform'' → '''<u>gro</u>xaer'''....''to underperform'' === Expressing ''counter-, contra-'' with '''ov-''' or '''oyv-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''<u>ov</u>axler'''....''to counteract'' ::* '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' → '''<u>ov</u>apyexer'''....''to counterattack'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>ov</u>daler'''....''to oppose'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>oyv</u>der'''....''to contradict'' ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oyv</u>ber'''....''to reverse, overturn'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>oyv</u>texer'''....''to contest, disagree'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>oyv</u>per'''....''to contravene'' === Expressing ''on behalf, for'' with '''av-''' === ::* '''axler'''....''to act'' → '''<u>av</u>axler'''....''to act on behalf of'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>av</u>daler'''....''to advocate, speak on behalf of'' ::* '''dyundrer'''....''to sign'' → '''<u>av</u>dyundrer'''....''to endorse'' === Making Verbs Reflexive with '''ut-''' (''self-, auto-'') === ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>ut</u>tojber'''....''to commit suicide'' ::* '''vyovider'''....''to flatter'' → '''<u>ut</u>vyovider'''....''to flatter oneself'' ::* '''zaypuxwer'''....''to be propelled'' → '''<u>ut</u>zaypuxwer'''....''to be self-propelled'' ::* '''fider'''....''to praise'' → '''<u>ut</u>fider'''....''to brag'' ::* '''gober'''....''to decrement'' → '''<u>ut</u>gober'''....''to autodecrement'' === Making Verbs Reciprocal with '''hyuit-''' (''one another'') === ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>hyuit</u>tojber'''....''to kill one another'' ::* '''ifer'''....''to love'' → '''<u>hyuit</u>ifer'''....''to love one another'' === Expressing ''inter-, intra-'' with '''eb-''' (''between'') or '''eyb-''' (''among'') === ::* '''tadier'''....''to marry'' → '''<u>eb</u>tadier'''....''to intermarry'' ::* '''zyaber'''....''to spread'' → '''<u>eb</u>zyaber'''....''to intersperse'' ::* '''vyexer'''....''to relate'' → '''<u>eb</u>vyexer'''....''to interrelate'' ::* '''mulxer'''....''to materialize'' → '''<u>eyb</u>mulxer'''....''to mix'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>eyb</u>xer'''....''to interest, to involve'' === Expressing the Opposite of an Action with '''o-''' (''un-'') === ::* '''bexler'''....''to keep'' → '''<u>o</u>bexler'''....''to release, let go of'' ::* '''aynser'''....''to integrate'' → '''<u>o</u>aynser'''....''to disintegrate, to decay'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>o</u>beler'''....''to drop'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>o</u>bier'''....''to leave, relinquish'' ::* '''boser'''....''to be quiet'' → '''<u>o</u>boser'''....''to be upset'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>o</u>drer'''....''to erase'' ::<small>Note: If the base verb already begins with the negative prefix '''o-''', then the prefix is changed to '''ol-''', eg. '''obexler'''....''to release'' → '''<u>ol</u>obexwa'''....''to unrelease'' </small> === Expressing a Public or Official Action with '''do-''' === :: '''Do-''' is a stub for '''dot''' (''society''). ::* '''afder'''....''to allow'' → '''<u>do</u>afder'''....''to authorize'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>do</u>bier'''....''to conquer, take over, take control of'' ::* '''tojber'''....''to kill'' → '''<u>do</u>tojber'''....''to execute'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>do</u>buer'''....''to dedicate'' ::* '''daler'''....''to speak'' → '''<u>do</u>daler'''....''to orate, speak in public'' ::* '''deler'''....''to declare'' → '''<u>do</u>deler'''....''to announce'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>do</u>drer'''....''to publicize, report'' ::* '''direr'''....''to demand'' → '''<u>do</u>direr'''....''to mandate, to dictate'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>do</u>drer'''....''to publicize'' ::* '''drurer'''....''to print'' → '''<u>do</u>drurer'''....''to publish'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>do</u>duer'''....''to propose, to move'' ::* '''durer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>do</u>durer'''....''to decree'' ::* '''dyeder'''....''to recite'' → '''<u>do</u>dyeder'''....''to declaim'' ::* '''dyeer'''....''to read'' → '''<u>do</u>dyeer'''....''to lecture'' ::* '''ebdaler'''....''to discuss'' → '''<u>do</u>ebdaler'''....''to deliberate'' ::* '''eber'''....''to block'' → '''<u>do</u>eber'''....''to enjoin, to restrain'' ::* '''fuxer'''....''to do bad'' → '''<u>do</u>fuxer'''....''to commit a crime'' ::* '''kebier'''....''to choose'' → '''<u>do</u>kebier'''....''to elect'' ::* '''lonapxer'''....''to mess up'' → '''<u>do</u>lonapxer'''....''to riot'' ::* '''naxgaxer'''....''to raise prices'' → '''<u>do</u>naxgaxer'''....''to auction off'' ::* '''nixbuer'''....''to sell'' → '''<u>do</u>nixbuer'''....''to hawk'' === Giving Verbs a Nuance of Truth with '''vya-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vya</u>der'''....''to avow, to be frank'' ::* '''ber'''....''to set, put'' → '''<u>vya</u>ber'''....''to control'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>vya</u>bier'''....''to postulate'' ::* '''boler'''....''to support'' → '''<u>vya</u>boler'''....''to prove'' ::* '''duder'''....''to answer'' → '''<u>vya</u>duder'''....''to solve'' ::* '''duer'''....''to suggest'' → '''<u>vya</u>duer'''....''to allege'' ::* '''nadxer'''....''to line up'' → '''<u>vya</u>nadxer'''....''to align'' ::* '''nagxer'''....''to measure'' → '''<u>vya</u>nagxer'''....''to fit'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to arrange, order'' → '''<u>vya</u>napxer'''....''to adjust'' ::* '''nazaxer'''....''to evaluate'' → '''<u>vya</u>nazaxer'''....''to corroborate'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>vya</u>kexer'''....''to investigate'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>vya</u>tuer'''....''to advise'' === Giving Verbs of Nuance of Falseness with '''vyo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vyo</u>der'''....''to lie, to misstate'' ::* '''tester'''....''to understand'' → '''<u>vyo</u>tester'''....''to misunderstand'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>vyo</u>tuer'''....''to misinform, to deceive'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>vyo</u>xer'''....''to do wrong, fail, misdo'' ::* '''yuxler'''....''to serve'' → '''<u>vyo</u>yuxler'''....''to betray, to serve unfaithfully'' === Making Verbs Positive with '''va-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>va</u>der'''....''to affirm'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>va</u>texer'''....''to believe'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to expect'' → '''<u>va</u>yeker'''....''to presume'' ::* '''bier'''.....''to take'' → '''<u>va</u>bier'''....''to accept'' === Making Verbs Negative with '''vo-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vo</u>der'''....''to deny'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>vo</u>texer'''....''to doubt'' ::* '''yeker'''....''to expect'' → '''<u>vo</u>yeker'''....''to rule out'' ::* '''bier'''.....''to take'' → '''<u>vo</u>bier'''....''to reject'' === Making Verbs Suppositional with '''ve-''' === ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ve</u>der'''....''to conjecture'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>ve</u>texer'''....''to suppose, hypothesize'' ::* '''yovder'''....''to blame'' → '''<u>ve</u>yovder'''....''to indict, accuse'' === Speeding up Verbs with '''ig-''' === ::* '''pier'''....''to leave'' → '''<u>ig</u>pier'''....''to flee'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to drop'' → '''<u>ig</u>pyoser'''....''to plummet'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>ig</u>tyoper'''....''to run'' ::* '''yeper'''....''to enter'' → '''<u>ig</u>yeper'''....''to rush in'' === Slowing up Verbs with '''ug-''' === ::* '''paser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>ug</u>paser'''....''to amble'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ug</u>teaxer'''....''to gaze'' ::* '''ilper'''....''to flow'' → '''<u>ug</u>ilper'''....''to trickle'' ::* '''tilier'''....''to drink'' → '''<u>ug</u>tilier'''....''to sip'' === Expressing the Nuance of Suddenness with '''yok-''' === ::* '''baxer'''....''to stir'' → '''<u>yok</u>baxer'''....''to startle'' ::* '''hihider'''....''to laugh'' → '''<u>yok</u>hihider'''....''to burst out laughing'' ::* '''teaser'''....''to appear'' → '''<u>yok</u>teaser'''....''to suddenly appear'' ::* '''yoktojer'''....''to die'' → '''<u>yok</u>tojer'''....''to drop dead'' === Expressing the Notion of Fixedness with '''kyo-''' === ::* '''byaser'''....''to stand'' → '''<u>kyo</u>byaser'''....''to stand still'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>kyo</u>kexer'''....''to hound, stalk'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>kyo</u>teaxer'''....''to stare, glare'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>kyo</u>texer'''....''to obsess with, fixate on'' === Expression the Notion of Randomness or Chance with '''kye-'''=== ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>kye</u>der'''....''to guess, divine'' ::* '''per'''....''to per'' → '''<u>kye</u>per'''....''to fluctuate'' ::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' → '''<u>kye</u>poper'''....''to wander'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>kye</u>napxer'''....''to scramble, shuffle'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>kye</u>bier'''....''to select'' ::* '''kaxer'''....''to find'' → '''<u>kye</u>kaxer'''....''to discover, to find by chance'' ::* '''vyabxer'''....''to check'' → '''<u>kye</u>vabxer'''....''to spot check'' === Expressing the Notion of Change with '''kya-''' === ::* '''baser'''....''to make a move'' → '''<u>kya</u>baser'''....''to shift'' ::* '''sanxer'''....''to form'' → '''<u>kya</u>sanxer'''....''to transform'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do/make'' → '''<u>kya</u>xer'''....''to change'' ::* '''napxer'''....''to order'' → '''<u>kya</u>napxer'''....''to shuffle'' ::* '''dyanxer'''....''to phrase'' → '''<u>kya</u>dyanxer'''....''to paraphrase'' === Expressing Covert Actions with '''ko-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ko</u>ber'''....''to hide'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>ko</u>beler'''....''to smuggle'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>ko</u>bier'''....''to steal'' ::* '''ebkyaxer'''....''to exchange'' → '''<u>ko</u>ebkyaxer'''....''to traffic'' ::* '''exer'''....''to operate'' → '''<u>ko</u>exer'''....''to spy, operate under cover'' ::* '''fler'''....''to wish for'' → '''<u>ko</u>fler'''....''to covet, be jealous of'' ::* '''apyexer'''....''to attack'' → '''<u>ko</u>apyexer'''....''to ambush, to sneak-attack'' ::* '''loexer'''....''to destroy'' → '''<u>ko</u>loexer'''....''to sabotage'' === Expressing Actions with Intentionality with '''ke-''' === ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ke</u>teaxer'''....''to scan'' ::* '''vyaxer'''....''to prove'' → '''<u>ke</u>vyaxer'''....''to experiment'' ::* '''tier'''....''to learn'' → '''<u>ke</u>tier'''....''to be interested in'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>ke</u>bier'''....''to choose'' ::* '''pexer'''....''to catch'' → '''<u>ke</u>pexer'''....''to hunt'' === Expressing Lateral Actions with '''ku-''' === ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>ku</u>buxer'''....''to rebuff, shun'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ku</u>der'''....''to comment, remark'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to step'' → '''<u>ku</u>tyoper'''....''to step aside'' === Expressing Diagonal Actions with '''ki-''' === ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>ki</u>teaxer'''....''to look askance at'' ::* '''tuxer'''....''to teach'' → '''<u>ki</u>tuxer'''....''to brainwash'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>ki</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>ki</u>pyoser'''....''to slip and fall'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>ki</u>per'''....''to slide'' === Expressing Near Actions with '''yub-'''=== ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>yub</u>der'''....''to intimate, hint'' ::* '''gexer'''....''to equate'' → '''<u>yub</u>gexer'''....''to approximate'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''<u>yub</u>bixer'''....''to attract, draw near'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yub</u>teaxer'''....''to scrutinize, examine'' === Expressing Distance Actions with '''yib-''' (''far, tele-'') === ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>yib</u>drer'''....''to wire, telegraph'' ::* '''bixer'''....''to pull'' → '''<u>yi(b)</u>bixer'''....''to distract'' ::* '''tuier'''....''to communicate'' → '''<u>yib</u>tuier'''....''to telecommunicate'' ::* '''nyuxer'''....''to deliver'' → '''<u>yib</u>nyuxer'''....''to mail, post'' === Expressing ''up-, super-'' with '''yab-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ya(b)</u>ber'''....''to raise, to put up'' ::* '''bixler'''....''to drag'' → '''<u>ya(b)</u>bixler'''....''to dredge up'' ::* '''uper'''....''to come'' → '''<u>yab</u>uper'''....''to come up'' ::* '''nogyanxer'''....''to scale'' → '''<u>yab</u>nogyanxer'''....''to scale up, escalate'' === Expressing ''down-, sub-'' with '''yob-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>yo(b)</u>ber'''....''to lower, put down'' ::* '''kyaber'''....''to shift'' → '''<u>yob</u>kyaxer'''....''to downshift'' ::* '''musper'''....''to climb'' → '''<u>yob</u>musper'''....''to climb down'' ::* '''nogyanxer'''....''to scale'' → '''<u>yob</u>nogyanxer'''....''to downscale'' === Expressing ''in-'' with '''yeb-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ye(b)</u>ber'''....''to insert, put in'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>ye(b)</u>beler'''....''to import'' ::* '''uzber'''....''to bend'' → '''<u>yeb</u>uzber'''....''to inflect'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>yeb</u>yujber'''....''to enclose, include'' === Expressing ''out-, ex-, extra-'' with '''oyeb-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oye</u>ber'''....''to put out, expose'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>oye</u>beler'''....''to export'' ::* '''uber'''....''to send'' → '''<u>oyeb</u>uber'''....''to emit, send out'' ::* '''yujber'''....''to close'' → '''<u>oyeb</u>yujber'''....''to exclude'' === Expressing ''pro-, forward'' with '''zay-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>zay</u>ber'''....''to advance, put forward'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>zay</u>kexer'''....''to scout out'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zay</u>puxer'''....''to propel, thrust'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>zay</u>tyoper'''....''to progress, to walk forward'' === Expressing ''back-, retro-, re-'' with '''zoy-''' === ::* '''uber'''....''to send'' → '''<u>zoy</u>ber'''....''to send back'' ::* '''kixer'''....''to bend'' → '''<u>zoy</u>kixer'''....''to reflect'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zoy</u>puxer'''....''to repel'' ::* '''neadper'''....''to track'' → '''<u>zoy</u>neadper'''....''to backtrack'' === Expressing ''across, trans-, over-, cross-'' with '''zey-''' === ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zey</u>per'''....''to cross, transit'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>zey</u>beler'''....''to transport, convey'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>zey</u>drer'''....''to transcribe'' ::* '''kyober'''....''to fix'' → '''<u>zey</u>kyober'''....''to transfix, transplant'' ::* '''vyayeker'''....''to check'' → '''<u>zey</u>vyayeker'''....''to crosscheck'' === Expressing ''through, per-'' with '''zye-''' === ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zye</u>per'''....''to permeate, get through'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>zye</u>kexer'''....''to rummage, sift through'' ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>zye</u>drer'''....''to cross out, draw a line through'' ::* '''iluer'''....''to pour'' → '''<u>zye</u>iluer'''....''to soak'' ::* '''koper'''....''to sneak'' → '''<u>zye</u>koper'''....''to sneak through'' === Expressing ''all over, widely, all about'' with '''zya-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>zya</u>ber'''....''to spread'' ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>zya</u>buer'''....''to distribute'' ::* '''ijber'''....''to open'' → '''<u>zya</u>ijber'''....''to open wide'' ::* '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' → '''<u>zya</u>nuxer'''....''to disburse'' ::* '''puxer'''....''to throw'' → '''<u>zya</u>puxer'''....''to scatter, cast about'' === Expressing ''mid-, center'' with '''ze-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ze</u>ber'''....''to balance'' ::* '''byaser'''....''to stand'' → '''<u>ze</u>byaser'''....''to straddle'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>ze</u>der'''....''to interject'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>ze</u>pyoser'''....''to sag'' ::* '''poxer'''....''to stop'' → '''<u>ze</u>poxer'''....''to interrupt'' === Expressing ''futurity'' with '''oj-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>oj</u>ber'''....''to put off, postpone'' ::* '''bier'''....''to take'' → '''<u>oj</u>bier'''....''to borrow'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>oj</u>fer'''....''to wish, aspire'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>oj</u>texer'''....''to plan'' ::* '''teater'''....''to see'' → '''<u>oj</u>teater'''....''to envision'' ::* '''vader'''....''to affirm'' → '''<u>oj</u>vader'''....''to promise'' === Expressing ''past'' with '''aj-''' === ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>aj</u>ber'''....''to pass, relegate to the past'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>aj</u>der'''....''to evoke, hearken, recount'' ::* '''embier'''....''to occupy'' → '''<u>aj</u>embier'''....''to haunt'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>aj</u>texer'''....''to reminisce, to reflect'' ::* '''uvtosder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>aj</u>uvtosder'''....''to apologize'' ::* '''nexer'''....''to store'' → '''<u>aj</u>nexer'''....''to archive'' === Expressing ''present'' with '''ej-''' === ::* '''buer'''....''to give'' → '''<u>ej</u>buer'''....''to present'' ::* '''eser'''....''to exist'' → '''<u>ej</u>eser'''....''to attend, to be present'' ::* '''nuxer'''....''to pay'' → '''<u>ej</u>nuxer'''....''to pay cash'' ::* '''tuer'''....''to inform'' → '''<u>ej</u>tuer'''....''to update'' ::* '''uvtosder'''....''to express sadness'' → '''<u>ej</u>uvtosder'''....''to apologize'' === Expressing a stretched out action with '''yag-''' (''long'') === ::* '''beser'''....''to stay'' → '''<u>yag</u>beser'''....''to linger'' ::* '''bexer'''....''to hold'' → '''<u>yag</u>bexer'''....''to conserve, preserve'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>yag</u>daler'''....''to ramble'' ::* '''dodaler'''....''to orate'' → '''<u>yag</u>dodaler'''....''to harangue'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>yag</u>fer'''....''to yearn, pine'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yag</u>teaxer'''....''to stare'' ::* '''fer'''....''to want'' → '''<u>yag</u>fer'''....''to yearn, pine'' === Expressing a brief action with '''yog-''' (''short'') === ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>yog</u>drer'''....''to abbreviate'' ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look'' → '''<u>yog</u>teaxer'''....''to glance at'' ::* '''tujer'''....''to sleep'' → '''<u>yog</u>tujer'''....''to snooze, nap'' ::* '''gobler'''....''to cut'' → '''<u>yog</u>gobler'''....''to cut short, truncate'' === Some Hybrid Prefixes === The prefix '''kui-''' is a hybrid of '''ku-''' (''lateral'') and '''ki-''' (''diagonal'') ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>kui</u>per'''....''to wobble'' ::* '''tyoper'''....''to walk'' → '''<u>kui</u>tyoper'''....''to limp'' The prefix '''zao-''' is a truncated hybrid of '''zay-''' (''forward'') and '''zoy-''' (''backwards''), eg: ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>zao</u>baser'''....''to rock'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zao</u>per'''....''to alternate'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>kui</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''pyoser'''....''to fall'' → '''<u>kui</u>pyoser'''....''to pendulate'' The prefix '''yaob-''' is a hybrid of '''yab-''' (''up'') and '''yob-''' (''down''). The final '''b-''' is assimilated or dropped before a '''b''' or '''p'''. ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>yao</u>baser'''....''to bob'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>yao</u>per'''....''to heave'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>yao</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''peper'''....''to ride'' → '''<u>yao</u>peper'''....''to jounce'' ::* '''puser'''....''to jump'' → '''<u>yao</u>puser'''....''to hop, bounce'' The prefix '''bui-''' is a hybrid of '''bu-''' (''to'') and '''bi-''' (''from''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>bui</u>drer'''....''to correspond'' ::* '''-er'''....''to x'' → '''<u>bui</u>er'''....''to trade'' ::* '''beler'''....''to carry'' → '''<u>bui</u>beler'''....''to shuttle, ferry'' ::* '''xer'''....''to do'' → '''<u>bui</u>xer'''....''to push and pull, spring'' ::* '''poper'''....''to travel'' → '''<u>bui</u>poper'''....''to travel to and fro, travel round trip'' The prefix '''uiz-''' is a hybrid of '''uz-''' (''crooked'') and '''iz-''' (''straight''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>uiz</u>drer'''....''to squiggle'' ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>uiz</u>der'''....''to equivocate'' ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>uiz</u>baser'''....''to wiggle, to squirm'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>uiz</u>per'''....''to careen, reel'' ::* '''paser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>uiz</u>paser'''....''to swerve, yaw'' The prefix '''zui-''' is a hybrid of '''zu-''' (''left'') and '''zi-''' (''right''), eg: ::* '''drer'''....''to write'' → '''<u>uiz</u>drer'''....''to squiggle'' ::* '''buxer'''....''to push'' → '''<u>zui</u>buxer'''....''to push around'' ::* '''baser'''....''to move'' → '''<u>zui</u>baser'''....''to sway, totter'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>zui</u>per'''....''to zigzag'' ::* '''pasler'''....''to shake'' → '''<u>zui</u>pasler'''....''to wobble'' The prefix '''aoyeb-''' is a hybrid of '''(a)yeb-''' (''in'') and '''oyeb-''' (''out''), eg: ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>aoye</u>ber'''....''to insert and extract'' ::* '''tiexer'''....''to breathe'' → '''<u>aoye</u>tiexer'''....''to breath in and out'' ::* '''paper'''....''to fly'' → '''<u>aoye</u>paper'''....''to fly in and out'' The prefix '''aob-''' is a hybrid of '''ab-''' (''on'') and '''ob-''' (''off''), eg: ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>ao</u>ber'''....''to put on and off'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>ao</u>per'''....''to get on and off, embark and disembark'' The prefix '''vao-''' is a hybrid of '''va-''' (''yes'') and '''vo-''' (''no''), eg: ::* '''der'''....''to say'' → '''<u>vao</u>der'''....''to decide'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>vao</u>daler'''....''to waffle'' ::* '''duder'''....''to answer'' → '''<u>vao</u>duder'''....''to answer yes or no'' ::* '''kyaxer'''....''to change'' → '''<u>vao</u>kyaxer'''....''to redact'' ::* '''texer'''....''to think'' → '''<u>vao</u>texer'''....''to deliberate, vacillate'' The prefix '''uij''' is a hybrid of '''uj-''' (''end'') and '''ij-''' (''begin'') ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>uij</u>ber'''....''to switch off and on'' ::* '''daler'''....''to talk'' → '''<u>uij</u>daler'''....''to stutter'' The prefix '''yuij''' is a hybrid of '''yuj-''' (''close'') and '''yij-''' (''open'') ::* '''ber'''....''to put'' → '''<u>yuij</u>ber'''....''to open and close, blink'' The prefix '''huim''' is a hybrid of '''hum''' (''there'') and '''him''' (''there'') ::* '''paper'''....''to fly'' → '''<u>huim</u>paper'''....''to fly here and yon'' ::* '''per'''....''to go'' → '''<u>huim</u>per'''....''to wander'' ::* '''kexer'''....''to seek'' → '''<u>huim</u>kexer'''....''to search high and low'' === Different Nuances of '''teaxer''' with Prefixes === <div style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}}; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|3}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}};font-size:smaller;";> ::* '''teaxer'''....''to look, behold, regard'' ::* '''aybteaxer'''....''to supervise, look over'' ::* '''ajteaxer'''....''to look back on (retrospect)'' ::* '''eynteaxer'''....''to squint'' ::* '''fizteaxer'''....''to respect'' ::* '''fuzteaxer'''....''to disrespect'' ::* '''gawteaxer'''....''to review, re-look'' ::* '''hyuitteaxer'''....''to look at one another'' ::* '''ibteaxer'''....''to ignore'' ::* '''igteaxer'''....''to glance, glimpse'' ::* '''ifteaxer'''....''to marvel at'' ::* '''izteaxer'''....''to view directly, confront, aim'' ::* '''jateaxer'''....''to preview'' ::* '''jeteaxer'''....''to watch, observe'' ::* '''joteaxer'''....''to review'' ::* '''kateaxer'''....''to look for'' ::* '''keteaxer'''....''to scan'' ::* '''kiteaxer'''....''to look askance'' ::* '''koteaxer'''....''to peek, spy'' ::* '''kozyeteaxer'''....''to peep'' ::* '''kozyoteaxer'''....''to peer'' ::* '''kuteaxer'''....''to observe'' ::* '''kyeteaxer'''....''to browse'' ::* '''kyoteaxer'''....''to stare, glare'' ::* '''oteaxer'''....''to ignore, overlook'' ::* '''ufteaxer'''....''to glare, leer'' ::* '''ugteaxer'''....''to gaze'' ::* '''yagteaxer'''....''to gape, gawk'' ::* '''yebteaxer'''....''to inspect'' ::* '''yibteaxer'''....''to view from afar'' ::* '''yogteaxer'''....''to glance at'' ::* '''yokteaxer'''....''to get a glimpse of'' ::* '''yubteaxer'''....''to examine'' ::* '''yuibteaxer'''....''to look near and far'' ::* '''yuzteaxer'''....''to look around, circumspect'' ::* '''yanteaxer'''....''to view together'' ::* '''yizteaxer'''....''to look beyond, overlook'' ::* '''vyateaxer'''....''to investigate, check out'' ::* '''vyoteaxer'''....''to view wrongly'' ::* '''zateaxer'''....''to face, confront'' ::* '''zayteaxer'''....''to look ahead, expect'' ::* '''zoyteaxer'''....''to look back'' ::* '''zeyteaxer'''....''to look across'' ::* '''ziteaxer'''....''to look to the right'' ::* '''zuteaxer'''....''to look to the left'' ::* '''zuiteaxer'''....''to look right and left'' ::* '''zyateaxer'''....''to look all over, survey'' ::* '''zyeteaxer'''....''to look through, peruse'' ::* '''zyoteaxer'''....''to squint'' ::* '''yobteaxer'''....''to look down'' ::* '''yaobteaxer'''....''to look up and down'' ::* '''zaoteaxer'''....''to look back and forth'' ::* '''yabteaxer'''....''to look up'' ::* '''yubketeaxer'''....''to pry'' ::* '''uzteaxer'''....''to look indirectly at'' ::* '''oyebteaxer'''....''to look out'' ::* '''ojteaxer'''....''to peer into the future'' ::* '''marteaxer'''....''to star-gaze'' ::* '''tabteaxer'''....''to autopsy'' </div> == Modal Verbs == : Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are usually followed by the main verb in the infinitive or a subjunctive dependent clause and have to do with wanting, permitting, prohibiting, being able, being unable, needing, being obliged to do something, etc. ==== Principal Modal Auxiliary Verbs ==== [[File:Ladies Should Listen poster.jpg|thumb|]] : Mirad has a set of modal auxiliary verbs that can be followed by a main verb in the infinitive mode. This is very much like English modal auxiliary verbs in the following examples: ::* ''I <u>want</u> to go.'' ::* ''You <u>must</u> wait.'' ::* ''You <u>may</u> stay.'' ::* ''I <u>dare</u> say.'' : Here is a chart showing the main modal auxiliary verbs in Mirad: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Principle Modal Auxiliary Verbs |- ! Type !! Positive !! Negative |- ! Permission | '''afer'''....''may''<br>'''ayfer'''....''might'' || '''ofer'''....''may not''<br>'''oyfer'''....''might not'' |- ! Ability | '''yafer'''....''can''||'''yofer'''....''cannot'' |- ! Need | '''efer'''....''need to'' || |- ! Obligation | '''yefer'''....''must''<br>'''yeyfer'''....''should'' ||'''oyefer'''....''must not''<br>'''oyeyfer'''....''should not'' |- ! Desire | '''fer'''....''want to'' || |- ! Enjoyment | '''ifer'''....''love to, enjoy''<br>'''iyfer'''....''like to'' || '''ufer'''....''hate to''<br>'''uyfer'''....''dislike to'' |- ! Courage |'''yifer'''....''dare to'' || '''yufer'''....''be afraid to, fear'' |- ! Liberty | '''yiver'''....''have a right to, be free to'' || '''yuver'''....''be bound to, be supposed to'' |- ! Expectation | '''yaker'''....''expect to'' || '''yoker'''....''be surprised to'' |- ! Conation | '''yeker'''....''try to'' || |- ! Difficulty | '''yiker'''....''to find it hard to'' || '''yuker'''....''to find it easy to'' |} : These modal auxiliary verbs are often followed by a verbal infinitive, as in the following examples: ::* '''At fe <u>ter</u>.'''....''I want <u>to know</u>.'' ::* '''Wit yifa <u>yeper</u>.'''....''He dared <u>to enter</u>.'' ::* '''Yat yafe <u>teater</u> yet.'''....''We can <u>see</u> you.'' ::* '''Duven et yaka <u>aker</u>?'''....''Did you expect <u>to win</u>?'' ::* '''Diwe yeku <u>xer</u> ga fi.'''....''Please try <u>to do</u> better.'' : If the modal verb is in the hypothetical aspect (conditional), then the sense is somewhat mitigated, as in these examples: :* '''At <u>fe</u> per.'''....''I <u>want</u> to go.'' :* '''At <u>fu</u> per.'''....''I <u>would</u> like to go.'' :* '''Et <u>yafe</u> aker.'''....''You <u>can</u> win.'' :* '''Et <u>yafu</u> aker.'''....''You <u>could</u> win.'' :* '''Yet <u>yefe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>must</u> leave.'' :* '''Yet <u>yefu</u> iper.'''....''You <u>ought</u> to leave.'' : Post-y-gliding the stem vowel of the modal verb also reduces the strength, for example: :* '''At <u>ife</u> et.''' ....''I <u>love</u> you.'' :* '''At <u>iyfe</u> et.''' ....''I <u>like</u> you.'' :* '''Et <u>yefe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>must</u> leave.'' :* '''Et <u>yeyfe</u> iper.'''....''You <u>should</u> leave.'' :* '''Iyt <u>yafe</u> aker.'''....''She <u>can</u> win.'' :* '''Iyt <u>yayfe</u> aker.'''....''She <u>might</u> win.'' :* '''At <u>ufa</u> uda tuz.'''....''I <u>hated</u> that art.'' :* '''At <u>uyfa</u> uda tuz.'''....''I <u>disliked</u> that art.'' : The use of '''l''' and '''r''' intensify the meaning of the auxiliary verbs, eg: :* '''Et <u>yuve</u> puer jwe.'''....''You <u>are supposed</u> to arrive on time.'' :* '''Et <u>yuvle</u> tepzexer.'''....''You <u>have</u> to pay attention.'' :* '''Et <u>yuvre</u> buer nas.'''....''You <u>absolutely must</u> give money.'' :* '''At <u>yeka</u> ser yeva.'''....''I <u>tried</u> to be fair.'' :* '''At <u>yekla</u> ujber jwa.'''....''I <u>strove</u> to finish early.'' :* '''At <u>yekra</u> nixer ga nas.'''....''I <u>struggled (= worked hard))</u> to earn more money.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ife</u> eker zyun.'''....''She <u>loves</u> to play ball.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ifla</u> teater et.'''....''She <u>was delighted</u> to see you.'' :* '''Iyt <u>ifre</u> teaper him.'''....''She <u>adores</u> visiting here.'' : Here are some examples showing how these modal verbs are used as auxiliaries: ::* '''Et <u>afe</u> oyeper ay ifeker.'''....''You <u>may</u> go out and play.'' ::* '''Yat <u>efa</u> tujer.'''....''We <u>needed</u> to sleep.'' ::* '''Ot <u>ofe</u> mavier him.'''....''One <u>is prohibited</u> to smoke here.'' ::* '''Mavier him <u>ofwe</u>.'''....''Smoking here is prohibited.'' ::* '''At <u>ife</u> dyeer.'''....''I <u>love</u> to read.'' ::* '''Duven et <u>fe</u> yeper?'''....''Do you <u>want</u> to come in?'' ::* '''At <u>fu</u> teaper et edjub.'''....''I <u>would like</u> to visit you some day.'' ::* '''It <u>ufaye hyaj</u> teaxwer.'''....''He <u>has always hated</u> being looked at.'' ::* '''Duven et <u>iyfe</u> per tilami?'''....''Do you <u>like</u> going to bars?'' ::* '''At <u>uyfe</u> tijer gra jwa.'''....''I <u>dislike</u> waking up too early.'' ::* '''Et <u>yafe</u> xer hyehos et fu.'''....''You <u>can</u> do whatever you like.'' ::* '''Et <u>yefer</u> xer ad vyaas.'''....''You <u>must</u> do the right thing.'' ::* '''Et <u>yeyfe</u> voy daler huuyen azay.'''....''You <u>should</u> not talk so loud.'' ::* '''At <u>yeyfa</u> ter ga fi.'''....''I <u>should have</u> known better.'' ::* '''At <u>voy yifu</u> der hyea fuas.'''....''I <u>would not dare</u> say anything bad.'' ::* '''<u>Von yufu</u> der hos et tesde.'''....''<u>Don't be afraid</u> to say what you mean.'' ::* '''Et <u>yive</u> dier yevanavdut.'''....''You <u>have a right</u> to ask for a lawyer.'' ::* '''Yat <u>voy yuvle</u> kyoejer.'''....''We <u>are not bound</u> to stick around.'' === Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms === :: All of these modal verbs can be passive, in which case they are "patient-oriented" rather than "subject-oriented." The participial adjective '''yafa'''....''able'' is subject-oriented and refers to a person, whereas the passived adjective '''yafwa'''....''possible'' is patient-oriented and refers to a thing or event. Here is a chart of the principal modal verbs and corresponding participial adjectives with this subject/object-orientation distinction shown: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Subject-oriented vs. Patient-oriented Modal Verb Forms |- ! Modal Type || Subject-oriented !! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- ! !! Verb !! Adjective !! Verb !! Adjective |- !row=1| Permission | '''afer'''<br>''may'' || '''afa'''<br>''allowed'' || '''afwer'''<br>''be permitted'' || '''afwa'''<br>''permissable'' |- !row=1| Necessity | '''efer'''<br>''need'' || '''efa'''<br>''needful'' || '''efwer'''<br>''be necessary'' || '''efwa'''<br>''necessary, required'' |- !row=1| Prohibition | '''ofer'''<br>''be unallowed'' || '''ofa'''<br>''prohibited'' || '''ofwer'''<br>''be prohibited'' || '''ofwa'''<br>''banned'' |- !row=1| Possibility | '''yafer'''<br>''be able'' || '''yafa'''<br>''able'' || '''yafwer'''<br>''be possible'' || '''yafwa'''<br>''possible'' |- !row=1| Obligation | '''yefer'''<br>''must'' || '''yefa'''<br>''obliged'' || '''yefwer'''<br>''be obligatory'' || '''yefwa'''<br>''obligatory'' |- !row=1| Duty | '''yeyfer'''<br>''should'' || '''yeyfa'''<br>''supposed, duty-bound'' || '''yeyfwer'''<br>''be supposed'' || '''yeyfwa'''<br>''due'' |- !row=1| Impossibility | '''yofer'''<br>''be unable'' || '''yofa'''<br>''unable'' || '''yofwer'''<br>''be impossible'' || '''yofwa'''<br>''impossible'' |- !row=1| Volition | '''fer'''<br>''want'' || '''fa'''<br>''desirous'' || '''fwer'''<br>''be desirable'' || '''fwa'''<br>''desirable, wanted'' |- !row=1| Love | '''ifer'''<br>''love''<br>'''iyfer'''<br>''like'' || '''ifa'''<br>''enamored''<br>'''iyfa'''<br>''fond'' || '''ifwer'''<br>''be loved''<br>'''iyfwer'''<br>''be liked'' || '''ifwa'''<br>''lovable''<br>'''iyfwa'''<br>''likeable'' |- !row=1| Hate | '''ufer'''<br>''hate''<br>'''uyfer'''<br>''dislike'' || '''ufa'''<br>''averse''<br>'''uyfa'''<br>''displeased''|| '''ufwer'''<br>''be hated''<br>'''uyfwer'''<br>''be disliked'' || '''ufwa'''<br>''odious''<br>''unliked'' |- !row=1| Courage | '''yifer'''<br>''dare'' || '''yifa'''<br>''daring, brave'' || '''yifwer'''<br>''be safe'' || '''yifwa'''<br>''safe'' |- !row=1| Fear | '''yufer'''<br>''be afraid'' || '''yufa'''<br>''afraid'' || '''yufwer'''<br>''be a danger'' || '''yufwa'''<br>''frightening'' |- !row=1| Joy | '''iver'''<br>''enjoy'' || '''iva'''<br>''glad'' || '''ivwer'''<br>''be a joy'' || '''ivwa'''<br>''enjoyable'' |- !row=1| Sorrow | '''uver'''<br>''be sorry'' || '''uva'''<br>''sorry, sad'' || '''uvwer'''<br>''be a shame'' || '''uvwa'''<br>''regrettable'' |} : Examples of subject-oriented forms: ::* '''At se <u>yafa</u> xer hes.'''....''I <u>am capable of</u> doing anything.'' ::* '''Et <u>ofe</u> teater hia dyezun.'''....''You <u>are not allowed/are prohibited</u> to see this film.'' ::* '''Duven at <u>afe</u> per hum?'''....''Am I <u>allowed</u> to go there?'' ::* '''Yat <u>fu</u> ter eta dyun.'''....''We <u>would like</u> to know your name.'' ::* '''Piti <u>ufe</u> beser be mel.'''....''Fish <u>hate</u> to remain on dry land.'' ::* '''At ajay <u>ifa</u> dazer.'''....''I once <u>loved</u> to dance.'' ::* '''Et se iva, at <u>yife</u> der.'''....''You are beautiful, I <u>dare</u> say.'' ::* '''At <u>yeyfa</u> xer has ga ig.'''....''I <u>should</u> have done it sooner.'' ::* '''Von <u>yufu</u>; At yupeye.'''....''<u>Fear</u> not; I am coming.'' ::* '''Et <u>yefe</u> puer ja eymaj.'''....''You <u>must</u> arrive before noon.'' ::* '''Yet <u>yofe</u> daler je ha dezun.'''....''You people <u>must not</u> talk during the performance.'' ::* '''Yat <u>yeyfe</u> (= se <u>yeyfa</u>) aker.'''....''We should (= are <u>bound/supposed/due</u>) to win.'' ::* '''At <u>ive</u> teater et bakser.'''....''I<u>'m glad</u> to see you get better.'' ::* '''Su <u>iva</u>.'''....''Be <u>happy</u>.'' ::* '''At <u>uvu (= su uva)</u> teater et iper.'''....''I <u>would be sad</u> to see you leave.'' : Examples of patient-oriented forms: ::* '''<u>Afwe</u> (= se afwa) mavier him.'''....''<u>It is permissible</u> to smoke here.'' ::* '''<u>Ofwe</u> (= se ofwa*) puxer fyumul him.'''....''<u>It is prohibited</u> to throw litter here.'' ::* '''<u>Fwe</u> (= se fwa) van yet dolu.'''....''<u>It is desired</u> that you stop talking.'' ::* '''<u>Voy yafwe</u> beser him gajob.'''....''<u>It is not possible</u> to remain here any longer.'' ::* '''<u>Yofwa</u> av at ivteuder.'''....''<u>It was not possible</u> for me to laugh.'' ::* '''<u>Yefwe</u> van et piu ig.'''....''<u>It is essential</u> that you leave quickly.'' ::* '''He <u>yeyfwe</u> ober ata tyoyafi?'''....''Is <u>it obligatory</u> to remove my shoes?'' ::* '''Ga yux <u>efwo</u>.'''....''More help <u>will be needed</u>.'' ::* '''Yuxren se <u>ufwa</u> xetyen.'''....''Slavery is an <u>odious</u> practice.'' ::* '''<u>Uvwe</u> van wit oka.'''....''<u>It's a shame</u> that he lost.'' :: *<small>'''lofwa''' is used for ''unwanted'' for disambiguation purposes.</small> === Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems === : Various causative verbs can be formed from modal stems, as shown in the chart below: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Deriving Causatives from Modal Stems |- ! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- | '''afxer'''....''allow'' (someone to do sthg.) || '''afwaxer'''....''permit'' (something to be done) |- | '''efxer'''....''require'' || '''efwaxer'''....''necessitate'' |- | '''ofxer'''....''prohibit'' || '''ofwaxer'''....''prohibit'' |- | '''yafxer'''....''enable'' || '''yafwaxer'''....''make possible'' |- | '''yefxer'''....''oblige'' || '''yefwaxer'''....''make obligatory'' |- | '''yofxer'''....''cripple'' || '''yofwaxer'''....''disable'' |- | '''yifxer'''....''embolden'' || '''yifwaxer'''....''make safe'' |- | '''yufxer'''....''intimidate'' || '''yufwaxer'''....''make frightening'' |- | '''ifxer'''....''please'' || '''ifwaxer'''....''make pleasant'' |} === Creating Modal Verbs and Adjectives with Modal Stem Suffixes === : Verb stems can be suffixed with modal participles to produce related modal verbs and adjectives. The first chart shows the modal participles themselves that can be suffixed to verb stems. Subject-oriented forms refer only to people, while patient-oriented forms (ending in '''-wa''') refer only to things. :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Modal Suffixes |- ! Subject-oriented !! Patient-oriented |- | '''-yafa'''....''able to X, -able'' || '''-yafwa'''....''possible to X'' |- | '''-yofa'''....''unable to X'' || '''-yofwa'''....''impossible to X'' |- | '''-ifa'''....''fond of Xing, Xophile'' || '''-ifwa'''....''enjoyable to X'' |- | '''-ufa'''....''averse to Xing, Xophobic'' ||'''-ufwa'''....''unenjoyable to X'' |- | '''-yika'''....''hard of Xing'' || '''-yikwa'''....''hard to X'' |- | '''-yuka'''....''comfortable/easy Xing'' || '''-yukwa'''....''easy to X'' |- | '''-yaka'''....''expecting to X'' || '''yakwa'''....''expected/likely to X'' |- | '''-efa'''....''in need of Xing'' || '''-efwa'''....''necessary to X'' |- | '''-yefa'''....''obliged to X'' || '''-yefwa'''....''obligatory/due to X'' |- | '''-yufa'''....''afraid of Xing'' || '''-yufwa'''....''frightening to X'' |} : This table shows some of these modal suffixes applied to actual verb and noun stems: :{| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Modals and Orientation |- ! Orientation !! Positive Adjective !! Positive Verb !! Negative Adjective !! Negative Verb |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''teatyafa'''<br>''able to see, sighted'' || '''teatyafer'''<br>''be able to see'' || '''teatyofa'''<br>''blind'' || '''teatyofer'''<br>''be blind'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''teatyafwa'''<br>''visible'' || '''teatyafwer'''<br>''be visible'' || '''teatyofwa'''<br>''invisible'' || '''teatyofwer'''<br>''be invisible'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''teetyafa'''<br>''able to hear, hearing'' || '''teetyafer'''<br>''be able to hear'' || '''teetyofa'''<br>''deaf'' || '''teatyofer'''<br>''be deaf'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''teetyafwa'''<br>''audible'' || '''teetyafwer'''<br>''be audible'' || '''teeyofwa'''<br>''inaudible'' || '''teeyofwer'''<br>''be inaudiable'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''dalyafa'''<br>''able to speak'' || '''dalyafer'''<br>''be able to speak'' || '''dalyofa'''<br>''mute, dumb'' || '''dalyofer'''<br>''be mute, dumb'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''doabifa'''<br>''patriotic'' || '''doabifer'''<br>''be patriotic'' || '''doabufa'''<br>''rebellious'' || '''doabufer'''<br>''rebel'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tosyafa'''<br>''sensitive'' || '''tosyafer'''<br>''be able to feel'' || '''tosyofa'''<br>''insensitive'' || '''tosyofer'''<br>''be numbed'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''tayotyafwa'''<br>''palpable'' || '''tayotyafwer'''<br>''be palpable'' || '''tayotyofwa'''<br>''numb'' || '''tayotyofwer'''<br>''be impalbable, numb'' |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''testyukwa'''<br>''easy to understand'' || '''testyukwaxer'''<br>''make easily understood'' || '''testyikwa'''<br>''hard to understand'' || '''testyikwaxer'''<br>''make hard to understand'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tudyaka'''<br>''pregnant, expecting'' || '''tudyaker'''<br>''be expecting''|| || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' |'''mamilyakwa'''<br>''likely to rain'' || '''mamilyakwer'''<br>''to be expected to rain''|| '''mamilyokwa'''<br>''unlikely to rain''|| '''mamilyokwer'''<br>''to be unlikely to rain'' |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tilefa'''<br>''thirsty'' || '''tilefer'''<br>''be thirsty'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''telefa'''<br>''hungry'' || '''telefer'''<br>''be hungry'' || || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''tejefwa'''<br>''vital'' || '''tejefwer'''<br>''be vital'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''tujefa'''<br>''sleepy'' || '''tujefer'''<br>''be sleepy'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''nasefa'''<br>''poor, needy'' || '''nasefer'''<br>''be needy'' || || |- !row=1| '''Subject''' | '''dudyefa'''<br>''accountable, responsible'' || '''dudyefer'''<br>''be responsible'' || || |- !row=1| '''Patient''' | '''texiyefwa'''<br>''noteworthy'' || '''texiyefwer'''<br>''be noteworthy'' || || |} == Sensing Verbs == : Verbs involving the senses, such as sight or hearing, follow a similar pattern, as the following chart shows: {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightyellow;{{text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Sensing Verbs |- valign=top ! TYPE !! '''teab'''....''eye''<br>'''teata'''....''visual'' !! '''teeb'''....''ear''<br>'''teeta'''....''acoustic'' !! '''teib'''....''nose''<br>'''teita'''....''olfactory'' !! '''teub'''....''mouth''<br>'''teuta'''....''gustatory'' !! '''tayob'''....''skin''<br>'''tayota'''....''tactile'' |- valign=top !row=1| Receptive<br>Active | '''teater'''<br>''see'' || '''teeter'''<br>''hear'' || '''teiter'''<br>''smell'' || '''teuter'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoter'''<br>''feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Receptive<br>Passive | '''teatwer'''<br>''be seen'' || '''teetwer'''<br>''be heard'' || '''teitwer'''<br>''be smelled'' || '''teutwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayotwer'''<br>''be felt'' |- valign=top !row=1| Stative | '''teaser'''<br>''seem'' || '''teeser'''<br>''sound'' || '''teiser'''<br>''smell'' || '''teuser'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoser'''<br>''feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Dynamic<br>Active | '''teaxer'''<br>''look at'' || '''teexer'''<br>''listen'' || '''teixer'''<br>''sniff'' || '''teuxer'''<br>''taste'' || '''tayoxer'''<br>''touch'' |- valign=top !row=1| Dynamic<br>Passive | '''teaxwer'''<br>''be looked at'' || '''teexwer'''<br>''be listened to'' || '''teixwer'''<br>''be sniffed'' || '''teuxwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayoxwer'''<br>''be touched'' |- valign=top !row=1| Causative<br>Active | '''teatuer'''<br>''show'' || '''teetuer'''<br>''make hear'' || '''teixuer'''<br>''make smell'' || '''teuxuer'''<br>''offer a taste'' || '''tayoxuer'''<br>''make feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Causative<br>Passive | '''teatuwer'''<br>''be shown'' || '''teetuwer'''<br>''be made to hear'' || '''teituwer'''<br>''be made to smell'' || '''teutuwer'''<br>''be given a taste'' || '''tayotuwer'''<br>''be made to feel'' |- valign=top !row=1| Inchoative<br>Active | '''teatier'''<br>''perceive,''<br>''catch sight of'' || '''teetier'''<br>''catch the<br>sound of'' || '''teitier'''<br>''get a whiff of'' || '''teutuer'''<br>''get a taste of'' || '''tayotier'''<br>''get the sensation of'' |- valign=top !row=1| Inchoative<br>Passive | '''teatiwer'''<br>''be perceived'' || '''teetiwer'''<br>''be heard'' || '''teitiwer'''<br>''be whiffed'' || '''teutiwer'''<br>''be tasted'' || '''tayotiwer'''<br>''be felt'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Stative | '''teatyofer'''<br>''be blind'' || '''teetyofer'''<br>''be deaf'' || '''teityofer'''<br>''be unable to smell'' || '''teityofer'''<br>''be unable to taste'' || '''tayotyofer'''<br>''be insensitive'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Stative | '''teatyofwer'''<br>''be invisible'' || '''teetyofwer'''<br>''be inaudible'' || '''teityofwer'''<br>''be undetectable<br>odorwise'' || '''teityofwer'''<br>''be insipid'' || '''tayotyofwer'''<br>''be undetectable<br>by touch'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Causative | '''teatyofxer'''<br>''blind'' || '''teetyofxer'''<br>''deafen'' || '''teityofxer'''<br>''desensitize<br>to smell'' || '''teutyofxer'''<br>''desensitize to<br>taste'' || '''tayotyofxer'''<br>''desensitize'' |- valign=top !row=1| Negative-Modal<br>Patient-oriented<br>Causative | '''teatyofwaxer'''<br>''make invisible'' || '''teetyofwaxer'''<br>''make inaudible'' || '''teityofwaxer'''<br>''make odorless'' || '''teutyofwaxer'''<br>''render tasteless'' || '''tayotyofwaxer'''<br>''numb'' |} : Examples of usage: :* '''At <u>teatyofxwa</u> bey ha mani.'''....''I <u>was blinded</u> by the lights.'' :* '''Ha xeus sa <u>teetyofxyea</u>.'''....''The noise was <u>deafening</u>.'' :* '''Hia tit se gla <u>teatiyafa</u>.'''....''This pupil is very <u>perceptive</u>.'' :* '''Hua bekil se <u>teityofwa</u>.'''....''That medicine is <u>odorless</u> (impossible to smell).'' :* '''<u>Teatyofwaxu</u> ha vyuni.'''....''<u>Make</u> the spots <u>invisible</u>.'' :* '''Ha magmemyaz yonpyexlun <u>tayotyafwa</u> zya ha mir.'''....''The volcano eruption <u>could be felt</u> throughout the world.'' == Frequentative Verbs == :Frequentative verbs or repetitive action verbs can be formed with the prefix '''je-'''. This prefix gives the verb the meaning ''to keep on doing something''. ::{| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Frequentative Verbs |- ! Normal !! Frequentative |- | '''teaxer'''....''to look''||'''<u>je</u>teaxer'''....''to watch'' |- | '''bexer'''....''to hold''||'''<u>je</u>bexer'''....''to conserve'' |- | '''byexer'''....''to hit''||'''<u>je</u>byexer'''....''to batter'' |- | '''zoigper'''....''to pursue''||'''<u>je</u>zoigper'''....''to stalk'' |- | '''duler'''....''to urge'' || '''<u>je</u>duler'''....''to nag'' |} == Hybridized Verbs == : Verbs that involve motion directions that change back and forth can be formed by hybridizing the stem vowel or the vowel of the vectorial prefix. Here are some examples: ::{| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Hybridized Verbs |- ! First Verb !! Second Verb !! Hybridized Verb |- | '''py<u>a</u>ser'''....''jump up''|| '''py<u>o</u>ser'''....''fall down'' || '''py<u>ao</u>ser'''....''bounce, undulate'' |- | '''buer'''....''give'' || '''bier'''....''take'' || '''buier'''....''exchange'' |- | '''nuer'''....''furnish'' || '''nier'''....''consume'' || '''nuier'''....''trade'' |- | '''tuer'''....''inform'' || '''tier'''....''learn'' || '''tuier'''....''communicate'' |- | '''yaper'''....''ascend'' || '''yoper'''....''descend'' || '''yaoper'''....''go up and down'' |- | '''zayper'''....''go forward'' || '''zoyper'''....''go back'' || '''zaoper'''....''vacillate'' |- | '''vader'''....''affirm'' || '''voder'''....''deny'' || '''vaoder'''....''decide'' |- | '''yijber'''....''open'' || '''yujber'''....''close'' || '''uijber'''....''valve'' |- | '''baser'''....''stir'' || '''boser'''....''be still'' || '''baoser'''....''vibrate'' |} == Expressing Habitual Actions and States == : Mirad uses the term '''gel jubyen''' (''as a habit'') to express a verb reflecting habitual action, eg: ::* '''At tijeya be yiwa jwobi gel jubyen.'''....''I used to wake up at 9 o'clock.'' (Lit. ''I was waking up at 9 o'clock as a habit.''). : The term '''hyujod'''....''one another occasion'' (or '''be aj'''....''in the past'') is use to express ''once (upon a time)'', eg: ::* '''At sa tuxut hyujod (~ be aj) sa tuxut.''' ....''I once was a teacher.'' : The term '''vyabxelay''' (''routinely'') can also be used, eg: ::* '''Yat eke duz yuz bi ha doym vyabxelay.'''....''We play music around town routinely.'' == Expressing an Immediate Past == : To express an immediate past, such as in the sentence ''"We have just gotten married."'', Mirad uses the adverb '''ejnay''' (''newly'') much like the word ''just'' in English: ::* '''Yat tadsaye <u>ejnay</u>.'''....''We have <u>just</u> gotten married.'' ::* '''<u>Ejnay</u> tadxwa.'''....''<u>Just</u> married.'' ::* '''Wit dokebiwa <u>ejnay</u>.'''....''He was <u>just</u> elected.'' ::* '''At ujbaya yex <u>ejnay</u> hoj iyt yebupa.'''....''I had <u>just</u> finished work when she came in.'' == Verb Predicate Types == : Mirad verb predicates can be classified as follows: :* '''''Voice''''' ::* Active (The subject is the doer of the action) ::* Passive (The subject is the receiver of the action) ::* Middle (The subject is both the agent and patient) ::* Reflexive (The subject is also the patient.) ::* Reciprocal (Plural subjects interact.) :* '''''Stativity''''' ::* Stative (Does not involve action) ::* Dynamic (Action is involved) :* '''''Valency''''' ::* Impersonal (There is no subject) ::* Transitive (There is an object) ::* Intransitive (There is no object) ::* Auto-transitive (The subject is a patient and there is no agent) ::* Anti-transitive (There is the patient but an agent is assumed) ::* Causative (Subject causes an action to be performed) ::* Copula (X is Y) :* '''''Other''''' ::* Modal (''can, must, should, wants to''...) ::* Auxiliary (''help to, hope to, prepare to'' + verb) ::* Motion (''run, go, ride''...) ::* Communication (''say, answer, claim that...'') ::* Gesture (''put, shake, hit...'') ::* State/Stative (''be, become, live, be born...'') ::* Action/Dynamic (''do, act, make'') {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightYellow;;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;" |+ Verb Predicate Types |- ! Voice !! Stativity!! Valency !! Example |- | active || stative || impersonal, -agent, -object || '''Mamilo zajub.'''....''It will rain tomorrow.'' |- | active || stative || impersonal, -agent, +complement || '''Sa gla oma.'''....''It was very cold.'' |- | active || stative || impersonal, +subject || '''Ese het be ha mes.'''....''There is someone at the door.'' |- | active || stative || copula, subject + noun/adjective complement || '''Et se ata twud.'''....''You are my son.''<br>'''At aseye ebbyextipa.'''....''I am becoming angry.'' |- | middle || stative || auto-transitive, +subject=patient -agent -object || '''Iyt toja.'''....''She died'' |- | middle || stative || auto-transitive, +subject=patient +agent -object || '''Ha mes yija.'''....''The door opened.'' |- | active || stative || intransitive, +subject -object|| '''Et bokso.'''....''You will get sick.'' |- | active || stative || transitive, sense, +subject +object || '''At teate et.'''....''I see you.'' |- | active || stative || transitive, modal, +subject +verb complement || '''At fe per.'''....''I want to go.'' |- | active || stative || intransitive, subject-oriented modal, -subject +verb complement || '''Yofwe teater.'''....''It is impossible to see.'' |- | passive || stative || patient-oriented modal, +subject || '''Mamil yakwe.'''....''Rain is expected.'' |- | middle || dynamic || anti-transitive, +subject=patient +agent -object || '''Ha mes yijpa.'''....''The door came open.'' |- | active || dynamic || intransitive, +subject -object|| '''Ha fab pyosa.'''....''The tree fell.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, +subject +-object || '''Yit pyoxa ha fab.'''....''They felled the tree.'' |- | passive || dynamic || intransitive, +subject, -object || '''Ha fabi pyoxwa.'''....''The trees were felled.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, +subject, +object|| '''Obu eta tef.'''....''Take your hat off.'' |- | active || dynamic || ditransitive, +subject, +object +object || '''Von et buu iyt ha nas.'''....''Don't give her the money.'' |- | active || dynamic || transitive, motion, +subject, +destination/origin || '''Yupu ha seem.'''....''Approach the bench.''<br>'''Pu tam!'''....''Go home!'' (''you'' implied) |- | active || dynamic || causative, +subject +object, +agent || '''At tayegobluxo Jon.'''....''I will get my hair cut by John.'' |- | passive || dynamic || causative, +subject +object, +agent || '''At tayegobluxwo.'''....''I will get my hair cut.'' |- | active || dynamic || auxiliary, ditransitive, +patient +verb object || '''Yuxu at xer his.'''....''Help me do this.'' |- | passive || dynamic || auxiliary, ditransitive, +patient +verb object || '''At tuxwa eker duz.'''....''I was taught to play music.'' |- | middle || dynamic || reflexive, +subject = patient, -object || '''Iyt uttojba.'''....''She killed herself.'' |- | active || dynamic || reciprocal, +subjects = patients || '''Yit voy hyuitdale gaj.'''....''They don't talk to one another anymore.'' |} <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronouns|Prepositions}}</noinclude> k2fzn3fg50qdt5r7cg93nmc16mf4ia9 2 419820 4673435 4622215 2026-10-01T12:44:59Z Jcb 90773 4673435 wikitext text/x-wiki Seminar Group 16 Power Contributions = Introduction to this Sandbox - Power= The word ''Power'' is a word most human beings are familiar with. It is something that affects every human in her everyday life. When approaching the concept of power from an academic perspective, it is realised that the perception of power is more complicated. For instance, in the discipline of politics, the word ”power” might awake connections such as government, election, democracy and dictatorship.<ref>Saravanakumar A. Power and Politics. Organisational Behaviour [Internet]. 2019 January [cited 2020 Nov 10];1(2):10. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330409436_POWER_AND_POLITICS</ref> However, in another discipline, Physics for instance, the word ”power" gives connotations to the natural phenomenon of work and mathematical formulas such as: F = m × a.<ref>Britannica [Internet]. Encyclopaedia Britannica; 1998. Power; [updated 2020 Mar 5; cited 2020 Nov 10]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/science/power-physics</ref> So, what is power? And how can it used, or misused, in different disciplines? This Sandbox explores the interdisciplinary issue of Power and how different types of the concept can be identified. =Power in Sociology of Family= ==== Introduction ==== The origin of the issues and questions regarding power in disciplines might be traced to the subject of a certain subdiscipline: sociology of family. Who will make new scientific discoveries, who will write a book that changes the world, and who will save our dying earth? How will they identify their race, gender, class, and disabilities? As “the simplest and smallest unit[s] of society,” families might have some of the answers. <ref> Til HR Van. The Calvinistic Concept of Culture [Internet]. Baker Book House; 1959. Available from: https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/The_Calvinistic_Concept_of_Culture.html?id=323ZAAAAMAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y</ref> ==== Definition of Sociology of Family ==== The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology defines sociology of the family as “the study of how human sexual reproduction is institutionalized and of how children, who are the product of sexual unions, are assigned places within a kinship system.” <ref>Abercrombie N, Hill S, Turner B. The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology. 5th ed. London: Penguin Books; 2006. p. 371. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/41347723/Penguin_Dictionary_of_Sociology</ref> The two main issues in sociology of family are “The relationship between types of family structure and industrialization” and criticisms suggesting that “a woman's place in the home compounds female inequality in society at large and that the modern family based on intimacy and emotional attachment in fact masks a system of exploitation of wives by husbands and children by parents.” <ref>Abercrombie N, Hill S, Turner B. The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology. 5th ed. London: Penguin Books; 2006. p. 371. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/41347723/Penguin_Dictionary_of_Sociology</ref> ==== Power and Sociology of Family ==== Sociologists David M Newman and Elizabeth Grauerholz divide the part on “Thinking Sociologically about Families” of their book ''Sociology of Families'' into chapters on the relationships between families and gender, ethnicity, and wealth. <ref>Newman D, Grauerholz E. Sociology of Families. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Pine Forge Press; 2002. Available from: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=BXxogvlQKLcC&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=Sociology+of+Families+David+M+Newman+Elizabeth+Grauerholz&ots=qwpu8XOInv&sig=xqAUj_3VX3GziVC5liqirrsMC3Q&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Sociology%20of%20Families%20David%20M%20Newman%20Elizabeth%20Grauerholz&f=false</ref> Such are some of the identities that have become inseparable parts of the notion of power over the course of history. A project called “Dollar Street” shows our world as a street ordered by income, with 30,000 photographs of 264 families from 50 different countries. <ref>Dollar Street - photos as data to kill country stereotypes [Internet]. Gapminder.org. [cited 9 November 2020]. Available from: https://www.gapminder.org/dollar-street/</ref> The project makes one imagine how large a role families, or even the kinds of toys children play with, in creating the boundaries of the notion of power. In the chapter “Duty to Parents” of ''A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'', Mary Wollstonecraft explores the power of parents over their children and compares the two possible bases of that power: “blind obedience” and “reason.” <ref>Wollstonecraft M. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects [Internet]. London: T. Fisher Unwin; 1972. p. 232. Available from: https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman.html?id=hxwEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=duty%20to%20parents&f=false</ref> She quotes John Locke: “if the mind be curbed and humbled too much in children; if their spirits be abased and broken much by too strict an hand over them; they lose all their vigour and industry." <ref>Wollstonecraft M. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects [Internet]. London: T. Fisher Unwin; 1972. p. 232. Available from: https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman.html?id=hxwEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=duty%20to%20parents&f=false</ref> To her, this strict hand of their parents weakens girls much more than it weakens boys. <ref>Wollstonecraft M. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects [Internet]. London: T. Fisher Unwin; 1972. p. 232. Available from: https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman.html?id=hxwEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=duty%20to%20parents&f=false</ref> Once the girls grow up to become women, they continue being a part of the same vicious cycle that raised them; as Engels says “In the family, he is the bourgeois, the woman represents the proletariat,” drawing an analogy between the power inequality existing within economic classes and within family. <ref>Engels F. The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State [Internet]. Online. Chippendale, NSW: Resistance Books; 2004. p. 80. Available from: https://readingfromtheleft.com/PDF/EngelsOrigin.pdf</ref> ==== Conclusion ==== Sociology of family explores the power dynamics within families and marriages that oftentimes reflect the larger society. It explores how race, gender, class, and disabilities that a child is identified with at birth, plays a role on where she will be placed on the power spectrum for a whole lifetime. It also explores how the approaches of her parents to race, gender, class, disabilities, and beliefs will determine her actions on shaping that power spectrum, for a whole lifetime. = Power in Medicine = ==== The power of doctors, as both direct and indirect coercion ==== Doctors are the only ones who are able to heal people, who have the knowledge required to do it. They automatically become powerful in the sense that they are the only ones who can prescribe treatments to people, who can directly decide which patient they take charge of first during emergencies, and so on. This constitutes the first kind of power that they hold, the direct and immediate kind.<ref> Patients and medical power, Shifting power in favour of the patient may not be so straightforward, Richard Canter, consultant surgeon 2001 Aug 25, available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121019/</ref> This fundamental power that is within their reach is most likely due to the long studies that they undertook to get there, the prestigious diplomas that they have, and is the reflection of an institutionalized society that rewards education priviledges and intellectual elites. There is indeed some sort of universal consensus on the fact that doctors hold the absolute truth and have to be trusted no matter what. However, "Healthcare professionals must recognise that they do not hold a privileged position from which they alone recognise all medical truths".<ref> Patients and medical power, Shifting power in favour of the patient may not be so straightforward, Richard Canter, consultant surgeon 2001 Aug 25, available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121019/</ref> In fact, there most certainly is a monopoly of medicine, as we know it, that does not leave any place left for other alternatives (such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, osteopathy…) which comes from the fact that current medicine is based on a universal scientific truth that is accepted by everyone, and never contested. In other words, powerful medical institutions have constructed a framework in which the patient believes that he moves autonomously, when he, in reality, does not have a real incidence on his choices that are shaped by the flow of medical knowledge gravitating around him.<ref> Patients and medical power, Shifting power in favour of the patient may not be so straightforward, Richard Canter, consultant surgeon 2001 Aug 25, available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121019/</ref> However, we can highlight the fact that in a situation like our current one, medicine definitely does not appear as a flawless institution which holds the absolute truth, as we see how different powerful figures of the healthcare system are still arguing on the nature of coronavirus, and struggling to find a common ground with the problematic amount of diverging opinions on the matter. ==== Medicine as a powerful institution involved in discrimination processes. ==== There is, beyond doubt, an intersection of power within medicine. More than exercising a constant power on patients, the medical institution illustrates inequalities in rather precise and punctual areas such as gender or ethnicity. First of all, access to healthcare is not the same for every population as precarious groups (especially in the US but also in the UK) of people can struggle to afford it<ref>Understanding health inequalities in England, Ann Marie Connolly, Allan Baker and Charlotte Fellows, 13 July 2017 - on the uk government website, available at https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2017/07/13/understanding-health-inequalities-in-england/</ref>, usually non-white people. The second matter has to do with gender. Privileged white males have more access to prestigious studies like these, they become doctors and sometimes abuse of their medical power: "In January 2016 a powerful white male doctor sexually assaulted a black female patient at one of the most prestigious academic hospitals in the U.S."<ref>Medicine’s Power Problem, By Abraar Karan on November 9, 2019, available at https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/medicines-power-problem/</ref>. Abuses of power are indeed pretty frequent within such a big institution, "Perhaps his power, prestige and sense of invincibility were all factors that actually made him feel like he could get away with exploiting others."<ref>Medicine’s Power Problem, By Abraar Karan on November 9, 2019, available at https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/medicines-power-problem/</ref> This, once again, illustrates the fact that doctors have an indisputable power over patients, that is unconsciously and collectively accepted. Furthermore, gender inequalities are well represented in the gynecological sector, in which women are regularly mentally and physically abused. They are indeed systematically exposed to emotional harassment and pressure concerning pregnancy, abortion, constantly made guilty for their actions on their body, and even sometimes physically hurt by doctors who totally disregard their body and intimacy.<ref>Obstetrical and gynaecological violence, Parliamentary assembly of the council of Europe 12 September 2019 page 1, available at http://www.assembly.coe.int/LifeRay/EGA/Pdf/TextesProvisoires/2019/20190912-ObstetricalViolence-EN.pdf</ref>
 =Power in Sex Work and Female Liberation= Sex work, defined as ‘the exchange of sexual services, performances, or products for material compensation’, <ref> What do sex workers want? | Juno Mac | TEDxEastEnd. Accessed 2020 Nov 9</ref> is a considerably stigmatised topic, in which power, coercion and hierarchy play significant roles. This is displayed in the forms of coercion of necessity, power of the system, and underlying gender oppression. ===== Power of Necessity ===== The public often assume all sex workers enjoy their work and that they choose to do this, but in reality, the majority of female sex workers have been coerced into this line of work due to unfavourable situations such as drug addiction, asylum seeking or destitution. In an interview across 9 countries, 89% of respondents “wanted to escape prostitution, but did not have other options for survival”. <ref>Farley M. et al, “Prostitution and Trafficking in Nine Countries”, Journal of Trauma Practice, 2004, accessed 2020 Nov 9. </ref> Within sex work itself, there is a large power imbalance between the client and the worker — the job is essential to the worker, but not the client, thus the worker is inclined to follow their client’s orders and requests, albeit how unsafe and degrading it can be, putting them in a position of maltreatment, potentially leading to further detriment — a Korean study found that 81% of women who had partaken in prostitution had symptoms of PTSD. <ref> Kim HS. Violent characteristics of prostitution and posttraumatic stress disorder of women in prostitution [Unpublished doctoral dissertation] Seoul: Sung-Gong-Hoe University; 2002, accessed 2020 Nov 9 </ref> In regions where sex work is criminalised, workers are in such precarious positions that they risk the possibility of arrest, exhibiting the true necessity of their job. This is an evident example of indirect coercion, caused by deprivation, fundamentally linked to our insatiable capitalist society. ===== Power of the System ===== If a worker feels threatened by their clients while self-employed, as they risk being raped and experiencing other forms of violence, they may seek a manager — a person who can administer clients and their background to ensure safety, or to obtain more customers, increasing revenue for the worker. However, especially where sex work is illegal, this can give rise to exploitation of the worker, particularly by male managers towards female workers. For example, the manager can take a higher percentage than the amount agreed on, and even threaten and abuse if demurred. This is a form of direct coercion — the worker has less power than the manager and must follow their direct orders, or they are endangered. Another display of direct coercion lies within the criminalisation of sex work by the government. Mariana Popa, a sex worker in East London, regularly cooperated with other street workers to ensure safety. However, a police crackdown compelled her to work alone to avoid arrest, resulting in her getting stabbed to death. <ref>What do sex workers want? | Juno Mac | TEDxEastEnd, accessed 2020, Nov 9 </ref> This direct coercion can also be seen in sex workers and travel restrictions. Some countries still explicitly outlaw the entry of sex workers — in the USA, prior to entry, they must be granted a waiver, a long and costly procedure, and even then entry denial is still a possibility. <ref> NSWP, Global Network of Sex Work Projects, “Sex Workers and Travel Restrictions”, Accessed 2020 Nov 9 </ref> The same rule is applied to individuals who have a history of drug use, revealing the true deprecation of sex work and the power disparity between client and worker, involved in the same field. As women compose the larger portion of the sex work population (85-90%) <ref>NSWP, Global Network of Sex Work Projects, "Sex Work and Gender Equality", site: https://www.nswp.org/sites/nswp.org/files/policy_brief_sex_work_and_gender_equality_nswp_-_2017.pdf Accessed 2020 Nov 9.</ref>, the underlying systemic oppression of the female population is presented. = The different forms of economic and political power = ==== Introduction ==== Different forms of power can be observed in many different social issues such as government and politics, environmental issues or economical issues. Today we will look further into some of the major forms of economic and political power. ==== Power created by money ==== First, we will look at the power created by money. “Money is an economic unit that functions as a generally recognized medium of exchange for transactional purpose in an economy.”<ref>1. Money Definition [Internet]. Investopedia. 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 9]. Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/money.asp#:~:text=Money%20is%20an%20economic%20unit,transactional%20purposes%20in%20an%20economy.&text=Money%20originates%20in%20the%20form,as%20a%20medium%20of%20exchange. ‌</ref> Money is a symbol of economic value and social power. It has in the past, changed its appearance and value however it always has been the main actor in trades. In fact, it is a social organisation made to facilitate economic interactions and exchanges between the population.<ref>Jacobs, G. and Slaus, I., 2020. The Power Of Money | Cadmus Journal. [online] Cadmusjournal.org. Available at: <https://www.cadmusjournal.org/article/issue-5/power-money> [Accessed 9 November 2020].</ref> For the idea of money to work, it has to rely on the idea that every individual in the society using it have to accept and recognize it. Therefore we understand that it comes with constraints, however those constraints are necessary in order to be able to express the power of money. As said previously, this power can be mainly found on the idea that it facilitates trading and exchanges as it puts a value on things. Furthermore, the power created by money can be seen through the fact that it is more efficient than trading. In fact, where trading requires both actors to agree on both things that are traded, monetary transactions facilitate this by having only one aspect to consent on, and that’s just the monetary value of what is traded. Thus, the power created by money is that it facilitates the growth of commerce and transaction. ==== Power of government ==== To look at the power of governments, we will focus on western European countries such as the United Kingdom. Montesquieu expressed a doctrine on the separation of powers in a government in order to avoid tyranny. It says that “power should not be concentrated in the hands of one person”.<ref>All Answers Ltd. The Distribution of Power in UK Government [Internet]. November 2018. [Accessed 9 November 2020]; Available from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/constitutional-law/distribution-of-power-uk-government.php?vref=1.</ref> Montesquieu also recognized the three functions of a government in our societies : Legislative, Executive and Judiciary. Legislative power : “Legislative power is the capacity of a legislative chamber or actors within that chamber to thwart, encourage, or compel actions by others.”<ref>1. Sarbaugh-Thompson M. Legislative Power. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Nov 9];1–7. Available from: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-31816-5_2528-1 ‌</ref> Legislatures have the power to create laws, however the extent of this power depends on what type of political system the legislation takes place in. For example, in Westminster style legislatures, the executive power can basically pass any law they want as they usually have a majority behind them. However, this is not always the case. Executive power : The basic definition of executive power explains that the executive power is the power to execute the laws.<ref>1. Prakash S, Thanks, Auerbach C, Calabresi S, Lund N, Rappaport M, et al. THE ESSENTIAL MEANING OF EXECUTIVE POWER † [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2020 Nov 9]. Available from: https://www.illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/ilr-content/articles/2003/3/Prakash.pdf ‌</ref> Thus, we understand that executive has to keep the confidence of the legislature as they both work hand in hand. Judiciary power : The judiciary power is the third power controlled by the government. It is the system of courts that “interprets, defend and applies the laws”.<ref>1. The Executive Branch | The White House [Internet]. The White House. The White House; 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 9]. Available from: https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/the-executive-branch/ ‌</ref> This branch also has the power to change laws. As those three functions of the government becomes clearer, we understand that Montesquieu’s doctrine makes sense. The notion of power makes sense in this situation because in fact, the same part of the government of a state can not control entirely the three functions or they will have full power and it will look more like a dictatorship than anything else. =Power in Visual Arts and Dadaism= ==== Introduction ==== Our norms of aesthetics expressions are usually shaped and displayed in a certain way, which may lead to the power of non-decision making in the field of Visual arts. Those new works of art with the aggressive nature are not part of or even contrary to the preconceptions, thus, the interests to them are not articulated, and remain hidden.<ref>Jordan, Timothy. Power video 2 [Video]. 29 October 2020. Available from https://moodle.ucl.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=427</ref> ==== The natures of power in artistic creation and appreciation ==== Visual arts is one of the major sub-disciplines of Arts, defined as “specific activities that produce sensitivity in humans done by people with skill and imagination”.<ref>"Définition de l'art" [Definition of art] (in French). Éditions Larousse.</ref><ref>“The arts.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Available from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the%20arts</ref> It includes multiple forms of artistic expression e.g. architecture, ceramics, drawing, painting.<ref>“The arts”. Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts#cite_note-merriam-webster-7</ref> Like one unique type of artistic language, the artists use their works to construct certain subjectivities through employing particular techniques and elements. This shows that the underlying power is used as strategy to convey certain meanings and emotional feelings to the public. Besides, power as indirect coercion exits in the process of artistic appreciation. The quality of artworks is judged by people who access and rate it.<ref>“The arts”. Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts#cite_note-merriam-webster-7</ref> The opaque rating criteria reveal an implicit form of power as there is no unified standard widely known to the public for assessing artworks. For instance, people all think that the artworks created by famous artists e.g. Picasso, Monet, Vincent Van Gogh are unarguably accepted to be successful. ==== Dadaism as an example ==== Dadaism is an anti-art art movement triggered by the outbreak of World War I, with participants in Europe and North America in the early 20th century.<ref>“The arts”. Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts#cite_note-merriam-webster-7</ref> Dadaists protested against “bourgeois nationalist and colonialist interests” which they believe had lead to the war.<ref>“The arts”. Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts#cite_note-merriam-webster-7</ref> By fighting against rationality, they strived to create “a different narrative” and “a new normal, a new discourse” for that time.<ref>Daswani, Nico. From Dada to Davos, how artists speak truth to power [Internet]. World Economic Forum. Published online: 10 January 2017. Available from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/from-dada-to-davos-how-art-speaks-truth-to-power/ </ref> One typical example is Marcel Duchamps’ Fountain urinal that “satirized the traditional veneration of the arts”.<ref>Daswani, Nico. From Dada to Davos, how artists speak truth to power [Internet]. World Economic Forum. Published online: 10 January 2017. Available from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/from-dada-to-davos-how-art-speaks-truth-to-power/ </ref> Various forms of power could be identified from this artistic movement. Dadaists confronted to the mainstream understanding on arts, and tried to use power of their artworks as direct coercion to cause actions of the politics. Also, many people tend to accept what is considered normal and do not accept Dadaists’ aggressive works even nowadays. This reflects the strong power of predominant norms rooted in public opinions. Moreover, Dadaism was a mirror to that society and had profound impacts later on art design, the art of protest, and the artistic movements.<ref>Daswani, Nico. From Dada to Davos, how artists speak truth to power [Internet]. World Economic Forum. Published online: 10 January 2017. Available from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/from-dada-to-davos-how-art-speaks-truth-to-power/</ref> This vividly shows that because artworks reflect the times, they possess power to strategically drive the evolution of forms of artistic expression in our shifting cultures. This gradually widens the scope of acceptable objects in the discipline of Visual arts. =Power in Education Studies= ==== Introduction ==== Learning is highly valued in most societies, often seeing education as powerful gateways into better vocational opportunities. The purpose of education studies is placing education in social contexts to better understand who, how and what purpose education will serve for the learners and the wider community.<ref>Ball, S. Intellectuals or technicians? The urgent role of theory in educational studies. British Journal of Educational Studies. [Internet] 2010, Jun, 21[cited date - 2020, Nov, 7]; 43 (3):255-271. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071005.1995.9974036. doi: 10.1080/00071005.1995.9974036</ref> ==== Education Inequality - Power as Strategy ==== Education inequality happens at the local level: although a country has a high GDP, for example the United Kingdom, a Unicef report that looked at the educational inequalities in the world’s richest countries ranked the UK 16th in secondary school and 23rd in primary school educational inequality. <ref>Chzhen, Y., Rees, G., Gromada, A., Cuesta, J., and Bruckauf, Z. An Unfair Start: Inequality in Children’s Education in Rich Countries [Internet]. Florence: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); 2018. Available from: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/an-unfair-start-inequality-children-education_37049-RC15-EN-WEB.pdf</ref> Family background is recognised as influential in academic achievement and access to academic opportunity.<ref>Lee, C., Orfield, G. Why Segregation Matters: Poverty and Educational Inequality. The Civil Rights Project. [Internet] 2005, Jan[cited date - 2020, Nov, 7]; 1-47. Available from: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xr8z4wb</ref> As an example of power as strategy, the division between ‘private’ and ‘public’ schools furthers educational inequality, private education establishing a culture of social exclusivity for those of affluent family backgrounds. In short, private school’s prominence provides further advantages for their already privileged students in an enduring cycle of power and entitlement. ==== Power on a Structural Level - Intersectionality of Power ==== On the other end of the spectrum, differences in academic skills can also be a systemic issue, with an intersectionality of power based on gender, race and income. In the USA a history of slavery puts minorities, and specifically Black students at a disadvantge. Governments funnel more money into white education than minority education, more money put into vocational education in preparation for manual labour to prevent minorities from reaching higher status jobs, and standardised testing being a sole marker of success that hinders minority students from entering higher education institutions.<ref>Sojoyner, D. First Strike: Educational Enclosures in Black Los Angeles [Internet]. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press; 2016. Chapter [5],By All Means Possible: The Historical Struggle over Black Education.[cited date - 2020, Nov, 7] Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1g69zjw</ref> Females are also more likely to do well in humanities driven subjects, while males the scientific and mathematical, a form of indirect coercion.<ref>Ceci, S., Williams, W. Barnett, S. Women's underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations [Internet]. Psychological Bulletin; 2009, Mar [cited date - 2020, Nov, 7]; 135 (2): 218–261.Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19254079/. doi: 10.1037/a0014412</ref> Ultimately, the realities of minority education have become vehicles for maintaining power on a structural level in society. The placement of students in the educational system parallels the hierarchical structures in society. According to their social standing, students are judged and held to a different standard by their teachers and the government policy makers that fund their schools. This leads to the creation of unequal classroom cultures and an indirect coercion of power, rooted in histories of racial and gender biases that continue to marginalise certain demographics.<ref>Oakes, J. Beyond Tracking [Internet]. Educational Horizons; 1986[cited 2020, Nov, 7]; 65 (1): 32-35.Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42926852.</ref> =Power in Art History= ==== Introduction ==== The discipline of art history is rooted in the artists that created the works in the likes of The National Gallery and The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Artists like Michaelangelo, Da Vinci, and Caravaggio, who were all the greats of Renaissance art. But who were they? They were all men. Another artist who, like the men mentioned above, created Biblical paintings of masterful beauty, was Plautilla Nelli. Except, Nelli was written out of every Renaissance history book, being dismissed as “another nun with a paintbrush,” and her name is virtually unknown. <ref name="Guardian">Ellis-Petersen H. ''How the art world airbrushed female artists from history.'' The Guardian. 2017. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/feb/06/how-the-art-world-airbrushed-female-artists-from-history [Accessed 10th November 2020].</ref> ==== Sexism in Art History ==== The origins of this bias are found in the dynamics of art history. Women were mostly barred from artistic training and professions until the 1870s. But why does it still exist today? From the percentage of works by female artists in famous galleries to the amount women’s artworks sell for at auction, the numbers paint a bleak picture. Two works by women have broken into the top 100 at auction sales for paintings, even though women were the subject matter for about half of the top 25 paintings. <ref>Brown TW. ''Why Is Work by Female Artists Still Valued Less Than Work by Male Artists?'' Artsy. 2019. Available from: https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-work-female-artists-valued-work-male-artists [Accessed 10th November 2020].</ref> Georgia O’Keefe holds the auction record for work by a deceased female artist which sold in 2014 for $44.4m, compared to a Picasso work that sold for $179m the following year. At the National Gallery of Scotland, only 4% of works are by female artists. <ref name="Guardian"/> ==== Hope for the Future? ==== Unfortunately, these biases are grounded in long-standing traditions in the discipline of art history. Many feminist art histories doubt the possibility they will be able to gain any ground in the study of women artists. They believe that the field of art history is “based on assumptions which make it impossible for women’s roles and images ever to be interpreted correctly.” <ref>Gouma-Peterson T, Mathews P. The Feminist Critique of Art History. ''The Art Bulletin.'' 1987;69(3): 326-357. Available from: doi:10.2307/3051059.</ref> However, a shift may be occurring in the art world. Guerilla Girls, an artist-activist group set up in the 1980’s to challenge the dismal representation of women in the art world, are being featured in an exhibition at the Whitechapel Gallery. A new Los Angeles gallery was opened recently with an exhibition of female abstract sculpture. And in big auction houses, more shows by female artists are being held, with their works commanding millions of dollars. It is with hope that places of art influence, such as these commercial galleries and auction houses, will be able to change this long-standing power imbalance found in the discipline of art history. <ref name="Guardian"/> =Power in Historical Bias= "Mistakes in biased history are motivated, not accidental" <ref name="McCullagh">McCullagh CB. Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation. History and Theory [Internet]. 2000 Feb [cited 2020 Nov 5];39(1):39-66. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2677997?seq=1 </ref> This is how C. Behan McCullagh concludes the introduction to his article Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation.<ref name="McCullagh" /> McCullagh was a professor in philosophy at La Trobe University before his retirement in 2007. His research was focused on the philosophy of history and the use of history.<ref>British Abolitionism, Moral Progress, & Big Questions in History [Internet]. London: Donald Yerxa; 2007 Feb. Behan McCullagh; 2007 Feb 16 [cited 2020 Nov 6]; [1 page]. Available from: http://www.bu.edu/historic/london/mccullagh.html</ref> In the mentioned article, McCullagh discusses bias in the discipline of history.<ref name="McCullagh" /> This area of research provides valuable knowledge in relation to the concept of power. ==== Introduction to Power ==== Power is a commonly used concept in politics, sociology as well as physics<ref name="Jordan">Jordan T. Power video 2 [lecturecast]. London: University College London Faculty of Arts and Humanities; 2020 Oct 29 [cited 2020 Nov 3]. Available from: https://moodle.ucl.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=427 </ref>, but the definition of the word is less obvious. Power could be described as ”the ability to control people or things”<ref>Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 2020. power; [updated 2020; cited 2020 Nov 4]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/power_1?q=power </ref>, but it could be argued that the concept of power is not that simple for the reason that there are more than one type of power. Two of these are interesting in relation to historical bias: Power as a strategy or language and power as indirect or institutionalised coercion.<ref name="Jordan" /> ==== Power as a Strategy in Historical Bias ==== The first aspect of power is that it can be used as a strategy and a language<ref name="Jordan" />. In the discipline of history, this can be seen in how history has been told. An example is the nordic vikings. In the nordic countries the vikings are widely portrayed as heroic and adventurous soldiers who explored new land and brought wealth back to their homeland.<ref name="Historia">Hallberg E, Nyström H, Nyström L, Nyström Ö. Perspektiv på historien 1b. 2nd edition. Malmö, Sweden: Gleerups; 2016. 59-120.</ref> In contrast to this it can be examined how the United Kingdom tells the story about the vikings. In British sources, words like ”ruthless pirates”<ref>Historical Association [Internet]. London: The Historical Association; 2020. The Vikings in Britain: a brief history; 2011 Jan 13 [2020 Nov 9]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: https://www.history.org.uk/primary/resource/3867/the-vikings-in-britain-a-brief-history</ref> and ”terror from the sea”<ref>BBC History [Internet]. London: Dr Anna Ritchie; 2016. Loot: Why the Vikings Came to Britain; 2014 Sep 18 [cited 2020 Nov 4]; [6 pages]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/conquest/viking/loot_01.shtml </ref> replace the heroic terms found in nordic historical sources. This illustrates how the language used in the portrayal of history can become a strategy for creating power dynamics by showing one part as superior and another as inferior. Another example is the version of colonialism that European children learn in school. It is often showed as something progressive for Europe rather than something damaging for the colonised regions<ref name="Xindex">Keazor E, Macmillan M, Onselen C, Oliver N, Worsley L. Lessons in Bias: Leading historians and presenters discuss the black holes of the historical universe. Xindex [Internet]. 2018 Apr 1 [cited 2020 Nov 5];47(1):31-34. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0306422018770109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306422018770109</ref> which is a way of showing Europe as more powerful and less evil. ==== Power as Indirect Coercion in Historial Bias ==== On the contrary, historical bias can also be considered power as indirect or institutionalised coercion. This sort of power is based on unconscious bias, meaning that the intention is not to create a superior and inferior power dynamic; but it still is created because of institutionalised inequality.<ref name="Jordan" /> This could mean that the British colonisation of Africa is showed the previously described way because of tradition, and not for the reason of establishing a power dynamic. Interestingly, this principle is incompatible with the introductory quote by McCullagh; that historical bias is not accidental.<ref name="McCullagh" /> Hence, an intriguing further area of research could be how historical research and historical teaching today is influenced by power as strategies or indirect coercion. ==== Conclusion ==== To conclude, historical bias can deliberately be used to establish a certain balance of power, which historical sources state regarding the British colonisation<ref name="Xindex" />, for instance. However the fact that modern day history textbooks still maintain this power relationship<ref name="Historia" /> makes it interesting to examine whether this still is a power strategy or if it, contradictory to McCullagh’s research<ref name="McCullagh" />, is accidental institutionalised coercion. = Power in Nursing: The Impact of Gender Roles in Nursing = [[File: Nurse detail in 1918 Toul, France- Group of nurses, Base Hospital (cropped).jpeg|thumb|Nurse detail in 1918 Toul, France- Group of nurses, Base Hospital]] Modern nursing appeared in 19th century Germany, with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Fliedner Theodor Fliedner] (1800–1864) organizing deaconesses in Germany-where young women from small villages and lower classes moved from around Germany to Kaiserswerth to be trained in nursing care<ref> Deaconneses in Nursing Care. International Transfer of a Female Model of Life and Work in the 19th and 20th Century. Chapter: 1Publisher: Franz Steiner Verlag StuttgartEditors: Susanne Kreutzer, Karen Nolte</ref>- and Britain, with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale Florence Nightingale](1820-1910): known as the founder of modern nursing and as a social reformer in the medical field<ref>Gayle Roux, Judith A. Halstead; Issues And Trends In Nursing: Practice, Policy, And Leadership; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc; 2nd Revised edition (9 Jan. 2017); ISBN-13: 978-1284104899; Links: https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=b9zPDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=history+of+nursing+profession&ots=LyvXGxnYod&sig=XA2FxX8qglZWcIIPdbD5aDOWDt4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20nursing%20profession&f=false</ref>. Although the action of caring for the ill was already in practice since circa 1–500 AD, when religious organizations were the care providers<ref>Craven, R. F.; Hirnle, C. J. (2011). Fundamentals of Nursing, Human Health, and Function (7th ed.)</ref>, nursing became a certified profession only in the 19th century.<ref>Gayle Roux, Judith A. Halstead; Issues And Trends In Nursing: Practice, Policy, And Leadership; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc; 2nd Revised edition (9 Jan. 2017); ISBN-13: 978-1284104899; Links: https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=b9zPDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=history+of+nursing+profession&ots=LyvXGxnYod&sig=XA2FxX8qglZWcIIPdbD5aDOWDt4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20nursing%20profession&f=false</ref> ====How Gender Roles impacted early Nursing?==== [[File:A wet-nurse attempts to breast feed John the Baptist who is Wellcome V0015004.jpg|thumb|A wet-nurse attempts to breast feed John the Baptist]] The roles that women were taking as care-takers or housewives shaped how they were perceived in society. In the late Middle Ages, words of the semantic domain of "mother" and of "woman" were associated with caring meanings<ref>CABRÉ, MONTSERRAT. "Women or Healers? Household Practices and the Categories of Health Care in Late Medieval Iberia." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 82, no. 1 (2008): 18-51. Accessed November 10, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44448505.</ref> It was a sensible implication, provided the conceptions the society had in those times, that since women carry tasks such as delivering babies, they must also be able to care for them and for others.<ref>Title: An Introduction to the Social History of Nursing; Authors Robert Dingwall, Anne Marie Rafferty, Charles Webster; Edition illustrated, reprint; Publisher Routledge, 1988; {{#isbn:0415017866}}, {{#isbn:9780415017862}}</ref> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_nurse Wet-nursing] was a common practice before [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula infant formulas] were invented in 1865.<ref> Stevens, E. E; Patrick, T. E; Pickler, R (2009). "A History of Infant Feeding". The Journal of Perinatal Education. 18 (2): 32–39. DOI:10.1624/105812409X426314. PMC 2684040. {{PMID|20190854}}</ref> Women were breastfeeding abandoned or orphan children and children whose mothers could not breastfeed them, sometimes for money<ref>A Social History offers Nursing in America: From Breast to Bottle; By Janet Golden; (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 200 1) (215 pages; $19.95 softcover); Link: https://connect.springerpub.com/content/sgrnhr%3A%3A%3A11%3A%3A%3A1%3A%3A%3A198.full.pdf?implicit-login=true&sigma-token=qBbid8O3UJUQzZRrSpYhvECtJkUaWVsa4yrncSDyOu8 </ref>, thus encouraging the reasoning behinds women's image as the care-taker of a family. Nuns are another example of women whom it was expected from to be able to care for the poor and ill; they were viewed as charitable practitioners and were highly esteemed in the society.<ref> Tim McHugh, "Expanding Women's Rural Medical Work in Early Modern Brittany: The Daughters of the Holy Spirit," Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences (2012) 67#3 pp. 428–56</ref> Before nursing became officially a profession, in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War Civil War], the term 'nurse' could be, as well, misconstrued. Since there were no nursing schools yet, nor official nursing credentials, a 'nurse' could have been the wife of a soldier on the battlefield. The nurses that volunteered on the battlefield were usually professionally inexperienced; their experience came from caring for their loved ones. <ref>Gayle Roux, Judith A. Halstead; Issues And Trends In Nursing: Practice, Policy, And Leadership; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc; 2nd Revised edition (9 Jan. 2017); ISBN-13: 978-1284104899; Links: https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=b9zPDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=history+of+nursing+profession&ots=LyvXGxnYod&sig=XA2FxX8qglZWcIIPdbD5aDOWDt4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20nursing%20profession&f=false</ref> ====The Age of Modern Nursing==== [[File:Florence nightingale at st thomas.jpg|thumb|Florence nightingale at st thomas]] Multiple practice schools for nurses opened in the late 19th century, most notably, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_Faculty_of_Nursing_and_Midwifery Florence Nightingale's school of Nursing and Midwifery] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Hospital St. Thomas' Hospital] in London, which opened in 1860. Although, at first, nursing as a discipline was criticized because of its lack of theoretical rigor and its emphasis on practice and caring, a committee for the study of nursing education, supported by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation Rockefeller Foundation], encouraged in the Goldmark Report(1923), that nursing schools should be more academical, become a discipline at universities and that students should no longer provide free services for their practices. <ref>Gayle Roux, Judith A. Halstead; Issues And Trends In Nursing: Practice, Policy, And Leadership; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc; 2nd Revised edition (9 Jan. 2017); ISBN-13: 978-1284104899; Links: https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=b9zPDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=history+of+nursing+profession&ots=LyvXGxnYod&sig=XA2FxX8qglZWcIIPdbD5aDOWDt4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20nursing%20profession&f=false</ref> The majority of male nurses from the early 20th century worked in mental hospitals(psychiatric hospitals) and received very little training; they were perceived as less qualified and of lower status than female nurses, thus establishing a gender stereotype within modern nursing: men worked in mental nursing, women worked in general nursing. Many schools even rejected male students, for they could have seduced or upset the female students. In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom United Kingdom], after [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II World War II], when the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_minister Ministry of Health] saw that male and female nurses can work together(nurses had to work together regardless of gender due to a shortage in the number of nurses available for Worl War II), the employment of male nurses in both mental and general nursing increased. The ministry arranged a one-year training course for men leaving military services and offered male nurses full-time jobs by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Service National Health Service](NHS). By 1960, men were allowed to become members of the Royal College of Nursing and there was a gradual rise in the number of male nurses. <ref>Royal College of Nursing, 100 Years of Royal College of Nursing; Publication code 005 736, February 2017.</ref> [[File:Covid-19 San Salvatore 05.jpg|thumb|Male Nurse during the Covid-19 pandemic]] ====How Past Gender Roles in Nursing impact our Society today?==== Despite more men being associated with nursing jobs today, the gender divide remains uneven with 11.2% of nurses and health care workers employed by the NHS being men, in 2015. <ref>Royal College of Nursing, 100 Years of Royal College of Nursing; Publication code 005 736, February 2017.</ref> The term [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwife#:~:text=A%20midwife%20is%20a%20health,who%20are%20physicians%20(doctors). midwife] is used to this day, although there are male nurses who have this profession as well as women. The slang job titles being attributed to males in nursing positions such as, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/murse#:~:text=male%20%2B%E2%80%8E%20nurse-,Noun,a%20male%20nurse%20quotations%20%E2%96%BC murse](a male nurse) or [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/midhusband#:~:text=Noun,of%20midwife%3A%20A%20male%20midwife. midhusband](male midwife), continue to show that to this day, gender roles are imprinted in nursing, from the early basis of the discipline. As of 2016, a study by Health Education England shows that children feel more at ease having a woman as their nurse and that they perceive females as nurses and males as doctors. <ref>Men are doctors and women are nurses blog, Darren Aldrich, Strategy and communications lead, Health Careers, Health Education England Darren.Aldrich@nhs.net, 2016, Link: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/Men%20are%20doctors%20and%20women%20are%20nurses%20blog_0.pdf</ref> In 2019 roughly 16,000 students graduate from UK nursing schools, both men and women, according to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College_of_Nursing Royal College of Nursing]<ref>Royal College of Nursing, Nursing student numbers are still falling short, 15 Aug 2019, Link: https://www.rcn.org.uk/news-and-events/news/uk-nursing-student-numbers-are-still-falling-short-150819</ref>; despite a shortfall in the number of students that graduate each year and the misconceptions of gender roles from the past that still follow the profession, today people realize the importance of nurses and nursing students in society due to the deadly 2020 pandemic<ref>NHS, Student doctors and nurses praised for joining ‘NHS Army’ to tackle historic coronavirus threat, 14 Apr 2020, Link: https://www.england.nhs.uk/2020/04/student-docs-and-nurses-praised-for-joining-nhs-army-to-tackle-historic-coronavirus-threat/ </ref>: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic COVID-19]. =Power in the media and social media platforms= ==== The media, indirect coercion and power as strategy ==== The notion of power as ‘indirect coercion’ can be observed in the distribution of information via media outlets in the modern age. Many media providers mobilise biases through their platforms and are fuelled by CEOs who have an ideological agenda to share with the masses. FOX News and Breitbart Journal have been described as the most politically biased networks in the United States, with a -51 bias score <ref> Ralph P, Relman E. These are the most and least biased news outlets in the US, according to Americans [Internet]. Business Insider. 2018 [cited 10 November 2020]. Available from: https://www.businessinsider.com/most-biased-news-outlets-in-america-cnn-fox-nytimes-2018-8?r=US&IR=T </ref>, indicating that this is a consensus shared by both Democrats and Republicans. In this way, one can also note how certain strategies are used by said media providers to exert power over people’s ideologies and biases. This can be furthered by observing how social media platforms use personal data and search history to inform which advertisements are presented to the viewer, with the most prominent case of this being the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data scandal that was considered a breach of user privacy <ref>Criddle C. Facebook sued over Cambridge Analytica data scandal [Internet]. BBC News. 2020 [cited 10 November 2020]. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-54722362 </ref> and demonstrative of how ‘global manipulation is out of control’ <ref>Cadwalladr C. Fresh Cambridge Analytica leak ‘shows global manipulation is out of control’ [Internet]. the Guardian. 2020 [cited 10 November 2020]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jan/04/cambridge-analytica-data-leak-global-election-manipulation</ref>. ==== Intersections of power within social media platforms ==== Despite this, the advent of social media has restored users with a greater level of autonomy than historically observed. Although there are guidelines that have to be upheld in regards to conduct expected on social media platforms, there is generally a lack of censorship and freedom to post content aligned with the creators’ ideals. This demonstrates the power of the individual, but at the same time, the economical power of social media, which can be noted through it’s use as a career platform for influencers of today, some of whom can earn up to $1 million per post <ref>What is an Influencer? - Social Media Influencers Defined [Updated 2020] [Internet]. Influencer Marketing Hub. 2020 [cited 10 November 2020]. Available from: https://influencermarketinghub.com/what-is-an-influencer/</ref>. Moreover, perhaps the power of social media is best observed in the legal realm; it has served as the basis for social movements that have resulted in the conviction of various criminals and raised awareness to wider social issues. The biggest instance of this, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me_Too_movement #MeToo] movement resulted in famous criminals like Harvey Weinstein and Bill Cosby, who had largely evaded prosecution until this point, being brought to justice, and simultaneously triggered a domino effect of victims taking power back from their oppressors through social media. This demonstrates the intersections of power that occur within social media being used as a tool through which individual thought can be expressed. <ref>5. Zilles C. The #MeToo Movement Shows The Power Of Social Media [Internet]. Social Media HQ. 2018 [cited 10 November 2020]. Available from: https://socialmediahq.com/the-metoo-movement-shows-the-power-of-social-media/</ref> =References= 6v0vxv6g9u07p6nnxil2xrghuzptflt 2 419828 4673434 3767447 2026-10-01T12:44:33Z Jcb 90773 4673434 wikitext text/x-wiki Seminar Group 13 Truth Contributions ='''Introduction'''= "All men by nature desire to know."<ref> {{Cite journal| last=Aristotle| first= date=Ist Century BCE| title=Metaphysics}} </ref>. In making this claim, Aristotle states that people do not simply wish to know anything, they wish to know the truth of what surrounds them. Many individuals may have distinct understandings of what faithfully reflects the truth, does this mean truth is subjective, or does there exist a single objective truth? How then, do human beings come to find that singular truth? By looking at truth in different disciplines, it is made apparent that our understanding of truth is permanently evolving, that different factors have an influence on how truth is socially understood. We find truth in many different forms, ranging from a more objective and evidence-based approach, where truth is seen as globally accepted facts. Then we also find truth in the from of a more subjective and abstract philosophical thought based on abstract theories. Thus we see how truth forms a spectrum and can be categorised in multiple different ways. Specific categorisations include: * '''Positivist truth:''' This classification places truth as a measurable and quantifiable fact that is objective and that can be proven through empirical data<ref>{{Cite web|title=positivism {{!}} Definition, History, Theories, & Criticism|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/positivism|access-date=2020-11-07|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>. Traditionally tied to the sciences. * '''Interpretive truth:''' This classification is based on human experience and is based on the consciousness and perspective of individuals, form a more subjective interpretation of truth. Traditionally tied to the humanities and arts. * '''Constructivist truth''': This classification argues that truth is a human and social construction, meaning that we can reach truth through a community of knowers<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-27|title=Constructivism|url=https://philosophyterms.com/constructivism/|access-date=2020-11-07|website=Philosophy Terms|language=en-US}}</ref>. Traditionally tied to the social sciences. = '''Censorship''' = == Queer Erasure == [[wikipedia:Queer#:~:text=Queer%20is%20an%20umbrella%20term,in%20the%20late%2019th%20century.|Queer]] erasure is a [[wikipedia:Heteronormativity|heteronormative]] tendency which, whether purposefully or merely through a process of cultural drift, seeks to diminish the presence of non-heterosexual and cis individuals, removing their identity from them or simply removing them from the historical record. <ref> Scot, Jamie (2014). "A revisionist history: How archives are used to reverse the erasure of queer people in contemporary history". QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking. 1 (2): 205–209 </ref> This concept continues to gain traction in modern day academic discussion, having stemmed from queer theory “queer theory is a call to transgress conventional understandings of gender and sexuality and to disrupt the boundary that separates heterosexuality from homosexuality." <ref> Queer, (sexual politics), dismantling binaries, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Kristen Barber, published January 23, 2017. Accessed November 01, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/queer-sexual-politics </ref> and was first utilised by experts such as [[wikipedia:Eve_Kosofsky_Sedgwick|Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick]], Diana Fuss, and [[wikipedia:Judith_Butler|Judith Butler]] for example. === Erasure as law in the modern day === Modern history includes various examples of the use of censorship and legal coercion to promote an anti-queer ideology, and thus control a portion of a society's truth. One example of these processes is known in British politics as section 28, which stated that an authority “shall not intentionally promote homosexuality or publish material with the intention of promoting homosexuality” or “promote the teaching in any maintained school of the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship.” <ref> Local Government Act 1988 (c. 9), section 28. Accessed 01 November 2020, opsi.gov.uk. </ref>. This enactment which at the time forced the closer of student and staff ran support groups across Britain out of fear of legal reprisals <ref> "Knitting Circle 1989 Section 28 gleanings". Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. on the site of South Bank University. https://web.archive.org/web/20070818063344/http://www.knittingcircle.org.uk/gleanings2889.html </ref>, would go on to deprive a generation of queer youth from an education both regarding their history but also as regards sex education. However most importantly thruth regarding the wide spectrum of sexuality and the reality of the existence of homosexuals was erased from this entire generation, in a way deceiving them into believing another more archaic truth with underlying homophobic notions. Section 28 was passed as part of the Local Government Act of 1988, a date which is particularly relevant because of the first reports of HIV/Aids appearing during the 1980’s <ref> Gallo RC (2006). "A reflection on HIV/AIDS research after 25 years". Retrovirology. 3(1): 72. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-72. PMC 1629027. {{PMID|17054781}}.</ref> a fact that has been highlighted as a possible motive for the sudden stigmatisation of queer groups and which makes the sudden lack of formal sex education among the youth a policy that placed the lives of the youth at risk. This example also comes to show how ones perception of truth is social and supports the idea of a constructivist truth. ===Erasure as representation === Representation in media refers to the use of or presence of certain groups, collectives or ideologies within the media consumed by the general public <ref> "Representation", Mitchell, W, in F Lentricchia & T McLaughlin (eds), Critical Terms for Literary Study, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1990 </ref>. In this context it refers to the absence or at time removal of queer figures from the mainstream. The most prominent method by which this is achieved is referred to colloquially as ‘[[wikipedia:Straightwashing#:~:text=Straightwashing%20(also%20called%20hetwashing)%20is,their%20representation%20comply%20with%20heteronormativity.|straight-washing]]’ “Straightwashing is the assimilation of someone who is gay, lesbian, bisexual asexual or other to fit heterosexual cultural norms. Put simply, it’s the practice of portraying non-straight people or characters as straight.” <ref> "What is straightwashing? When Hollywood erases gay characters from films". Smith, Lydia (20 April 2018). Pink News. Retrieved 01 November 2020. https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/04/20/what-is-straightwashing-gay-characters-hollywood-films/ </ref>. A concept akin to that of “[[wikipedia:Whitewashing_(censorship)#:~:text=From%20Wikipedia%2C%20the%20free%20encyclopedia,through%20biased%20presentation%20of%20data%22.|whitewashing]]”. This idea of "straightwashing" really comes to show how the concepts of truth is much more flexible and fluid than the objective and rigid idea we have in our minds as we see how truth can be modifed by external sources and that truth's that we sometimes accept as ultimate and universal is actually a subjective construction. Thus we need to start questioning truth and really be observant with the origins of many different truths that surround us on the daily. = '''Correspondence Theory of Truth''' = [[wikipedia:Correspondence_theory_of_truth|Correspondence theory]] is one of the most famous visions of truth as a philosophical and metaphysical concept. It states that a statement can only be proven true or false depending on how it relates to the world. In other words, truth corresponds to reality.<ref> Prior, A. N., 1967, ‘Correspondence Theory of Truth’, in P. Edwards, ed., The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 2, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. & The Free Press, 223-32. </ref> This perspective being so vast, it allowed a string of different sub-theories to emerge under it throughout time. These other strands of the theory can exist thanks to the vast terminologies and terms concerning truth in general, leading to a multiplicity of versions and reformulations of the theory. Correspondent theorist analyse the relation between between what is and what they want to determine is true or not. However, the different types of relations are quite numerous (eg. coherence, congruence, accordance, copying, …) and so are the relevant portions of what exists (eg. facts, states of affairs, conditions, situations, events…)<ref>David M. The Correspondence Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [Internet]. Stanford.edu. 2015 [cited 2020 Nov 3]. Available from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/‌</ref><ref>O’Connor, D. J., 1975, The Correspondence Theory of Truth, London: Hutchinson.</ref>. ==== History ==== The roots of correspondence theory dates back to Ancient Greek philosophy, especially with thinkers such as [[wikipedia:Plato|Plato]] or [[wikipedia:Aristotle|Aristotle]]. Aristotle’s definition of truth evidences is an early example of correspondence theory: « To say that that which is, is not, and that which is not, is, is a falsehood; therefore, to say that which is, is, and that which is not, is not, is true ».<ref>Aristotle. The metaphysics. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc; 2018.</ref><ref>Crivelli, P., 2004, Aristotle on Truth, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> However, these first definitions of correspondence theory were very vague and offered little clarifications on the concept of truth. Aristotle and Plato are more clear in their respective works, ''Categories'' and ''Cratylus''. Nonetheless, greek philosophers weren’t the only one to be interested in correspondence theory. On the contrary, this theory continued to evolve throughout time. Thinkers such as [[wikipedia:Thomas_Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]]<ref>Aquinas T. Summa Theologica. Boston: Mobilereference.Com; 2010.‌</ref>, [[wikipedia:René_Descartes|Descartes]], [[wikipedia:David_Hume|Hume]], [[wikipedia:Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[wikipedia:Immanuel_Kant|Kant]], [[wikipedia:John_Locke|Locke]] or even [[wikipedia:Karl_Marx|Karl Marx]] have at some point defined, interpreted or defended the correspondence theory of truth.<ref>David M. The Correspondence Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [Internet]. Stanford.edu. 2015 [cited 2020 Nov 3]. Available from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/</ref> Correspondence theory holds the majority when it comes to the other perspectives of truth (namely deflationary or epistemic).<ref>PhilPapers Survey (conducted in 2009; cf. Bourget and Chalmers 2014)</ref> This is mostly due to the fact that this theory is one whose direct obviousness makes easier to understand. However, correspondence theory of truth faces criticism as well. Some perceive correspondence theory as too narrow, as in only applicable to sciences and not to morality or logic as no objective facts exist in these domains. They are also seen by some as too obvious and trivial, as the process of correspondence theorists’ thinking is one that can appear very simplistic and evident from afar.<ref>2004, Veritas: The Correspondence Theory and Its Critics, Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.</ref> = '''Language and Truth''' = Language began as a tool for human beings to communicate with each other.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Bo|first=Chen|date=2015|title=Social Constructivism of Language and Meaning|url=https://www.pdcnet.org/croatjphil/content/croatjphil_2015_0015_0001_0087_0113|journal=Croatian Journal of Philosophy|volume=15|pages=|via=}}</ref> In this regard, the [[wikipedia:Epistemology|epistemology]] of language can be said to be [[wikipedia:Social_constructivism|social constructivism]]<ref> {{Cite journal| last= de Saussure| first= Ferdinand| date=1916| journal= Cours de linguistique générale|volume=|pages=|via=}} </ref>. As social beings, humans designed language in order to fulfil their need for communication<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boghossian|first=Paul|date=|title=WHAT IS SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION?|url=https://as.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/philosophy/documents/faculty-documents/boghossian/Boghossian-Paul-socialconstruction1.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-01|website=}}</ref> and its use and complexities wax or wane depending on the communicative needs of social groups<ref name=":0" />.The field of [[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistic]] studies analyses language and its influences on human beings<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Linguistics? {{!}} Linguistic Society of America|url=https://www.linguisticsociety.org/what-linguistics|access-date=2020-11-01|website=www.linguisticsociety.org}}</ref>. [[wikipedia:Linguistic_determinism|Linguistic determinism]] is one of its theories that explores the way in which language affects human behaviour. It argues that language can restrict our world view specifically through categorisation, memory, perception, and how we think<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hickmann|first=Maya|date=2000-06-29|title=Linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism: some new directions|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/ling/38/2/article-p409.xml|journal=Linguistics|language=en|volume=38|issue=2|pages=409–434|doi=10.1515/ling.38.2.409|issn=0024-3949}}</ref>. An example of this is colour discrimination between Russian and English speakers. In Russian there is no umbrella term for all shades of blue like in English, instead they have separate words for lighter blues (“goluboy”) and darker blues (“siniy”). Research has demonstrated that Russian speakers were able to discriminate between light blue and dark blue more easily than English speakers as a result of these linguistic differences thus demonstrating how different social groups have different social truths<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Winawer|first=Jonathan|last2=Witthoft|first2=Nathan|last3=Frank|first3=Michael C.|last4=Wu|first4=Lisa|last5=Wade|first5=Alex R.|last6=Boroditsky|first6=Lera|date=2007-05-08|title=Russian blues reveal effects of language on color discrimination|url=https://www.pnas.org/content/104/19/7780|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=104|issue=19|pages=7780–7785|doi=10.1073/pnas.0701644104|issn=0027-8424|pmid=17470790}}</ref>. The philosopher [[wikipedia:Friedrich_Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] supported the theory of [[wikipedia:Linguistic_determinism|linguistic determinism]] claiming that there is no universal “truth”. Language does not shape our worldview, rather language is our world view because our understanding and knowledge is confined by our language. Therefore, as written by Le Quyen Pham, “there is no single ‘true’ truth, but only an illusion of one, and a multiplicity of truths presented in languages.”<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pham|first=Le Quyen|date=2016-01-01|title=Nietzsche on Language and Our Pursuit of Truth|url=https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/eng_expositor/6|journal=The Expositor: A Journal of Undergraduate Research in the Humanities}}</ref> Following this argument it can be said that language creates a unique subjective truth for each individual seeing as all human beings have varying linguistic capabilities ranging from the size of their vocabulary to the number of languages they can speak. = '''Logical Truth''' = Truth in logic, and as it is viewed by some in mathematics, can be seen to differ from truth in other disciplines because statements in a formal, logical language can be deemed true or false regardless of semantics, as posed by [[wikipedia:Gottlob_Frege|Frege]] in his ''Basic Laws of Arithmetic'' <ref>Frege, Gottlob, Basic Laws of Arithmetic translated and edited by Philip A. Ebert and Marcus Rossberg, Oxford University Press, 2013</ref>. [[wikipedia:Rudolf_Carnap|Carnap]] defended this thesis in ''Logical Syntax of Language'', arguing that Mathematics and logic are analytic hence without semantic content. <ref>Carnap, Rudolf, The Logical Syntax of Language translated by Amethe Smeaton, Open Court, 2002</ref> Thus, given a logical truth, being analytic, it is true under all possible interpretations of its logical components, as opposed to facts or synthetic truths whose truth is based on the world as represented around us. <ref>{{WebCite|Blackburn, Simon W.|title=Truth|date=27th April 2020, accessed 3rd November 2020|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/truth-philosophy-and-logic}}</ref>. However, this idea that truth within logic depends on its analytic nature has been challenged: Quine questioned ‘how claiming logical truth to be analytic differs from merely claiming them to be obviously and universally correct’ <ref>{{WebCite|Rey, Georges,|title="The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction," The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition)|date=accessed 3rd November 2020|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2020/entries/analytic-synthetic/}}</ref> i.e. whether there is actually any epistemological substance to these truths at all. [[wikipedia:Kurt_Gödel|Gödel]] used his [[wikipedia:Gödel's_incompleteness_theorems#:~:text=G%C3%B6del's%20incompleteness%20theorems%20are%20two,capable%20of%20modelling%20basic%20arithmetic.&text=The%20second%20incompleteness%20theorem%2C%20an,cannot%20demonstrate%20its%20own%20consistency.|Incompleteness theorems]] to formulate an argument in opposition to Carnap’s philosophy of mathematics, namely that of logical positivism, since they can be applied to demonstrate that the modelling of basic arithmetic using a formal logical system is non-analytic. <ref>{{WebCite|Rey, Georges,|title="The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction," The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition)|date=accessed 3rd November 2020|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2020/entries/analytic-synthetic/}}</ref> Taken further, Gödel’s Incompleteness theorems have been applied to show the existence of synthetic truths in number theory, causing a shift in the discipline’s approach to truth: appreciating that mathematical knowledge is corrigible which, in turn, condones the need for empirical, or at least -quasi empirical, methods. <ref>Putman, Hilary, Historia Mathematica 2 "What is Mathematical Truth?", Harvard University Press, 1975</ref> = '''Truth in the Arts''' = ==Truth in Photography == [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography| Photography] as a discipline does produce physical objects that adhere to the idea of subjective truth being a truth-based off a person's perspective, feelings, or opinions. Everything we know is based on our input - our senses, our perception<ref> Askphilosophers.org. (2019). Questions | AskPhilosophers.org. [online] Available at: http://www.askphilosophers.org/question/4316 [Accessed 24 Oct. 2019</ref>. However, a photograph as an accurate and realistic depiction of reality causes us to look at photographs and derive some notion of truth about the world from what we see in the picture<ref>Mullen L, Truth in Photography: Perception, Myth and Reality in the Postmodern World, University of Folrida; 1998; 2-3.</ref>. Thus the question arises, is there objective truth within photography? When we speak about a photographer, we need to realize that compared to a painter, the reality they are capturing is not artificial, but is in some way or form capturing the truth of the reality we exist in. The problem is that pieces of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_art| fine art] are artefacts, and in some cases photographs are too, as they are the artistic construction of the photographer. However, a photograph to the external viewer will most of the time look like the objective truthful depiction of what was in front of and captured by the camera lens. We thus need to create a distinction, between what we consider as truth for the world, what we as humans can universally see and experience which is captured by the camera, of what is truth for the photographer, what the photographer wants us to see. This requires a repositions of the question of photography, as we move from a concern with the truth content of the photographic image to one delimited by the existence of the photographic image.<ref>Oxford Literary Review Vol. 32, No. 2, The Truth in Photography (2010), pp. 191</ref>With this new distinction, we can look at photograph as not objective measures of reality but also as a clearly biased and manipulated version of truth. Be it the truth of time or the truth of memory photography is deemed to stand in stark opposition to another and more insistent sense of the real<ref>Oxford Literary Review, Vol. 32, No. 2, The Truth in Photography (2010), pp. 19</ref>. It is as though photography is condemned to efface the truth. Therefore, we can see how through the discipline of photography we find the clear paradox that the idea of truth presents. We can observe it as continuously fluctuating and changing, ultimately being somewhat of a spectrum where on one hand we have the objective truth based [[wikipedia:Empirical_evidence|empirical evidence]] and on the other the subjective ideas and perspectives that come from individual perspectives and ideas. Nonetheless, as opposed to other disciplines in photography there is no such distinction, as the very objective evidence of the photograph itself is always influenced by subjective biases of the photographer. Put in other words photography takes from the world but it is not the world.<ref>Shapter M, Are Photographs Truthful? Whence Veracity? Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data</ref> Thus, now the issue is not that there is no such thing as a objective photograph, but the idea that photographs can tell us about both our truth and the photographers truth. Quite special in the field of photography is the fact that it allows for a analysis of unconscious biases and truths that we take for granted as photographers don’t show us the truth, but a truth.<ref>McMaster, S. R. (2017). Truth in photography: How I learned to stop worrying and press the shutter. The International Journal of the Image, 8(2), 77-98.</ref> Sometimes photographs can be sometimes it is a mode of storytelling that incorporates ideas of truth, reality, cultural value systems, and perception.<ref>Oxford Literary Review, Vol. 32, No. 2, The Truth in Photography (2010), pp. 19</ref> With digital manipulation, for instance, photographs can be seamlessly altered to reflect whatever the photographers or editors wish to show. When the O.J. Simpson murder case was the biggest news story of the day, the picture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O._J._Simpson_murder_case| Simpson] on Time’s cover had noticeably darker skin than the same mug shot picture featured on Newsweek or on other prominent news magazines.<ref>Shapter M, Are Photographs Truthful? Whence Veracity? Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data</ref> Another example can be found in photography of people in the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression in the United States we think of the iconic picture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_Lange| Dorothea Lange] titles “Mother and baby of family on the road” in [[wikipedia:Siskiyou_County,_California|Tulelake, Siskiyou County, California]]. 1939. The photograph seems to show a homeless mother and child who only have they car and clothes, living in the desperate reality of the worst economic catastrophe of the twentieth century. But in the same collection of pictures we see many other photos Dorothea Lange took of this mother and child with the child’s face freshly cleaned and them both laughing together. This second image almost feels false and untruthful. = '''Truth in the Humanities''' = == Truth in History == The study of history is more than a collection of names, dates and statistics. It is the analysis of the paradigms that shape significant events, as well as the consideration of who has had a voice to speak their truth throughout history, generally speaking: successful, white men. Uncovering historical truth is dependent on obtaining and analysing primary sources, relating to the fields of archaeology, literature and anthropology. But evidence can be contradictory, and humans struggle to fully eradicate bias and prejudice. <ref>Lowenthal D. The Frailty of Historical Truth: Learning Why Historians Inevitably Err | Perspectives on History | AHA [Internet]. Historians.org. 2013 [cited 3 November 2020]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/march-2013/the-frailty-of-historical-truth</nowiki></ref> The use of secondary sources means that errors in such sources are repeated and possibly amplified, distorting truth. Secondary sources can contain biases, mistakes, or can emit relevant information, hence truth in history relies on primary sources. Dates and facts can be checked and confirmed, but any event is more than just a date, yet all the motivations and consequences are so complex that it is impossible to truly glean a single truth. <ref>Finding Truth in History [Internet]. Farnam Street. 2020 [cited 3 November 2020]. Available from: <nowiki>https://fs.blog/2017/10/finding-truth-history/</nowiki></ref> Hence caution is exercised when making historical assertions. Objectivity is both unattainable and vital in historical truth. Whilst it can be acknowledged that is nearly impossible for humans to be completely objective, it is state that historians work towards. The factors that shape historically significant events; emotions, motivations and ambitions of individuals can only be estimated. Truth in history is seen sometimes to be constructed - evidence can framed in such a way that suits the agenda of the historian. == Truth in Literature == [[wikipedia:Literature|Literature]] is composed of “written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value” <ref>Cambridge dictionary, Definition of Literature. 2020 [online]. dictionary.cambridge.org [2 November 2020]. Available from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/fr/dictionnaire/anglais/literaturee</ref>. As they are described as artistic, literature pieces should be entertaining for readers and arouse their interest. This raises the question of truth in literature : could people obtain what they are looking for with perfectly truthful novels that relate to their experiences or do they need readings that are completely distinct from what they live or could live ? The best way to describe literature’s purpose is probably by understanding the writers’ very own approaches. === Different approaches to truth within written artistic works === On the one hand, truth and accuracy have often been considered the right approach to literature. Indeed, [[wikipedia:Aristotle|Aristotle]] claimed the most important feature of it should be to describe reality in the most plausible way. According to him, “events which are impossible but plausible should be preferred to those which are possible but implausible”<ref>Aristotle, Poetics, ch. 24.</ref>. This conception was the very basis of a whole literary movement of the 19th century,[[wikipedia:literary realism|Realism]]. The French novelist [[wikipedia:Guy de Maupassant|Guy de Maupassant]] describes it claiming that talented realistic writers would better be called “Illusionists” as their goal should be to create the impression of reality even when describing facts and events that are untrue. <ref> Maupassant de, Guy. Pierre et Jean - preface 1888</ref>. [[wikipedia:Stendhal|Stendhal]], another novelist from this wave, had an even more straightforward approach. He stated “a novel is a mirror carried along a high road”<ref> Stendhal, The Red and the Black. 1830</ref> meaning that it should reflect the exact reality as good or as hard as it can be. These two approaches show how important it may be to present truth and real things in literature. On the other hand, it cannot be denied that a consistent part of literature works is all about fiction. [[wikipedia:Plato|Plato]] indeed stated that “a poetic imitator uses words and phrases to paint coloured pictures of each of the crafts”<ref> Plato, Republic, 601a.</ref> : writers write to impress readers, not to offer them a description of their reality. This is what [[wikipedia:Jules Verne|Jules Verne]] did with [[wikipedia:Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea|Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea]] published in 1869, taking part in the science-fiction genre and describing a fictional concept that Plato had elaborated, the Atlantis. Until the end of the 20th century, Jules Verne was the most traduced novelist in the world, proving how successful fictional literature is and that it may be what readers are looking for.<ref> Avrane P. Vingt mille lieues sous les mers [online] Encyclopedia Universalis. 2020 [2 November 2020]. Available from:http://www.universalis-edu.com/encyclopedie/vingt-mille-lieues-sous-les-mers/</ref> In addition, there is another way in which fiction might be the right approach in literature. [[wikipedia:Charles Perrault|Charles Perrault]] and the [[wikipedia:Brothers Grimm|Grimm brothers]], respectively in the 17th and 19th centuries, aimed at making children aware of how dangerous trusting strangers was with [[wikipedia:Little Red Riding Hood|Little Red Riding Hood]]. In this way, fiction in literature can serve an educational purpose and might be more efficient than pure truth. To conclude, opinions have always differed about the place truth should have in literature and it appears authors can reach their goals with or without it. Nevertheless, it is to be noted that the [[wikipedia:List of best-selling books|most sold books]] today are part of the fantasy genre, with, for instance, the [[wikipedia:Harry Potter|Harry Potter]] saga by [[wikipedia:J.K. Rowling|J.K. Rowling]]. This gives proof of a tendency towards fiction more than truth in literature and possibly reflects a need to forget about reality through reading, especially in such hard times as today’s. = '''Truth in Theology - Buddhism''' = === Two Truths Doctrine === Dvisatya, or the [[wikipedia:Two_truths_doctrine#:~:text=The%20Buddhist%20doctrine%20of%20the,ultimate%22%20(param%C4%81rtha)%20truth.|Doctrine of Two Truths]], refers to the differentiation, in Buddhist discourse, of two levels of truth ([[Sanskrit]]: ''[[wikipedia:Satya|satya]]'') - ''saṁvṛiti-satya'', defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha as the conventional truth, and ''paramārtha-satya'', an ultimate truth. <ref>Nāgārjuna, Kasawara K, Müller F, Wenzel H. The Dharma-samgraha: an ancient collection of Buddhist technical terms. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1885.</ref> This duality expounds the Buddhist theological interpretation of the notions of empirical and absolute truths. The saṁvṛiti-satya, roughly translated as the conventional, relative or empirical truth, represents the common reality of ordinary people’s lived experiences. <ref>Rodriguez E. Saṃvṛti-satya | Buddhist concept [Internet]. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016 [cited 2 November 2020]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.britannica.com/topic/samvrti-satya</nowiki> </ref> It is an [[wikipedia:Epistemology|epistemological]] term representing an everyday comprehension of the world as constructed by the mind and projected onto a greater ultimate reality. <ref>paramārtha-satya [Internet]. Oxford Reference. 2020 [cited 2 November 2020]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100305499</nowiki></ref> However, this conception is dualistic as it is prone to misperception. In contrast to relative truth, paramārtha-satya is nondualist, representing an absolute reality, which may be considered as experience without conceptionalisation. <ref>Keown D. A dictionary of Buddhism. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004.</ref>This reality is devoid of inherent characteristics or objects, and is linked to the Buddhist notion of [[wikipedia:Śūnyatā|Śūnyatā]] – emptiness, or an interdependent existence. <ref name=":1">Harvey, Peter (2012), ''An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices'', Cambridge University Press</ref> === Madhyamaka school === One of the most influential and complete articulations of the two truth doctrine was expounded within the [[wikipedia:Madhyamaka|Madhyamaka]] school of Buddhism.<ref>Garfield, Jay L.; Priest, Graham (2003), "NAGARJUNA AND THE LIMITS OF THOUGHT." (PDF), Philosophy East & West, 53 (1): 1–21, doi:10.1353/pew.2003.0004, hdl:11343/25880, S2CID 16724176</ref> The founder of the Madhyamaka school, [[wikipedia:Nagarjuna|Nāgārjuna]], first expressed the two truth schema in its modern form in his work ''[[wikipedia:Mūlamadhyamakakārikā|Mūlamadhyamakakārikā]]'', or Fundamental Verses in the Middle Way. <ref>Nagarjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārika 24:8–10. Jay L. Garfield|Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way: pp. 296, 298</ref> In articulating the two conceptions of truth, Nāgārjuna suggested that while relative truth may only be designated verbally, ultimate truth is purely intuitive.<ref name=":1" /> His conclusion however, suggests that verbal designations do not correspond to states of substantial independence, and thus a realist school of thought asserting this existence should be considered untrue. <ref>Loundo D. THE 'TWO TRUTHS' DOCTRINE (SATYADVAYA) AND THE NATURE OF UPĀYA IN NĀGĀRJUNA. Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia. 2016;57(133):17-41.</ref> This conception of truth fundamentally underpins the Buddhist notion of Śūnyavāda, or emptiness. The verbal designation of emptiness is a relative conception which thus suggests that it is in itself empty. Thereby, the theory of emptiness may be considered itself a conceptualisation, so to reach a comprehension of the nature of things, all concepts must be abandoned.<ref>Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002, pp. 70</ref> ='''Truth in the Media'''= The media is all the means of communication such as television, newspapers, the internet and the radio that reach large numbers of people. <ref>{{cite web|title=Media definition and meaning|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/media|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|publisher=Collins English Dictionary|language=en}}</ref>It is the source of all our information and is supposed to provide us with quality information. Medias are pillar of democracy as they are a way for people to gain awareness, form an opinion of their own and be able to express themselves.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Browne|first1=Foreign Office Minister Jeremy|title=Role of media in society|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/role-of-media-in-society|agency=Foreign & Commonwealth Office|publisher=GOV.UK|date=7 April 2011|language=en}}</ref>It is supposed to be an instrument of truth but as we have seen increasingly in recent years, breaches and scandals put trust in the media into perspective. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Corner|first1=John|title=Fake news, post-truth and media–political change|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0163443717726743|work=Media, Culture & Society|issue=Vol.39 (7), Media, culture & society|publisher=SAGE Publications|date=1 October 2017|pages=1100–1107|language=en|doi=10.1177/0163443717726743}}</ref> This issue is amplified when some media outlets allow a lack of truth on their platform. [[wikipedia:Facebook|Facebook]] authorizes politicians to buy advertisement space and create political adverts. In 2019, [[wikipedia:Mark_Zuckerberg|Mark Zuckerberg]], during a hearing in front of the House of Representatives, was asked about those ads and if Facebook would take down untrue ads, a question that the CEO did not answer clearly.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Ads About Social Issues, Elections or Politics|url=https://www.facebook.com/business/help/167836590566506?id=288762101909005|website=Facebook Business Help Center|publisher=Facebook|language=en}}</ref> Moreover, according to a 2020 study by the Reuters institute,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Newman|first1=Nic|title=Overview and Key Findings of the 2020 Digital News Report|url=https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2020/overview-key-findings-2020/|website=Reuters Institute Digital News Report|publisher=Reuters Institute and Oxford University|date=22 May 2020}}</ref> 52% of people would prefer news media to report false statements from politicians rather than emphasize them. If social media platforms as influential as Facebook continue to allow politicians to advertise untrue facts, people will begin to debate whether the media is truly reliable.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=William|title=Why can’t we agree on what’s true any more?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/19/why-cant-we-agree-on-whats-true-anymore|work=The Guardian|date=19 September 2019}}</ref> In an interconnected world were news travels in the matter of minutes or even seconds, we count on the media to relay accurate information. According to the same study, 38% of people said they trust most news most of the time. This number shows that the majority of people asked are aware that the media does not necessarily reflect the truth. And more than half of the sample said they were concerned about what is true or false on the internet when it comes to news. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Newman|first1=Nic|title=Overview and Key Findings of the 2020 Digital News Report|url=https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2020/overview-key-findings-2020/|website=Reuters Institute Digital News Report|publisher=Reuters Institute and Oxford University|date=22 May 2020}}</ref> Even if the media can be manipulated and carries fake news, it is also the job of the reader to find trustworthy sources they can take their information from. Indeed, some journals or news channels do not hide that they are oriented politically, it is then up to people to find unbiased news. Moreover, in democracies the press has the freedom of speech and technically can say anything they want. Even if medias should not present false information, they often present biased information. Someone reading or watching any media should be aware of the bias risk and therefore take it upon themselves to find the more neutral information depending on what they are looking for. <u>Power of the Media</u> The media hold enormous power over the public opinion, and thus are able to impart the version of truth that most suits their interests. They are more powerful than any one person as they can choose how to frame public images of people, which is crucial to those peoples public standing. ='''Truth in the Natural Sciences'''= == Truth in Physics == === How changes in theories of physics occur === [[wikipedia:Physics|Physics]] is the discipline which focuses on "the scientific study of matter and energy and the effect that they have on each other."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cambridge Dictionary|first=|date=|title=Definition of Physics|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/physics|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Central to that discipline is the notion of "truth." Indeed, it is a discipline which perpetually renews itself, with old theories being replaced by new ones and this occurs only when the latter theory comes to be accepted by a wide number of a people as the objective truth. For example, early physicists such as [[wikipedia:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] and [[wikipedia:Aristotle|Aristotle]] agreed upon the geocentric theory, the view that the Earth is the centre of the universe,<ref name= ":101">Weinart F.Copernicus, Darwin, & Freud: Revolutions in the History and Philosophy of Science. Wiley Blackwell: 2009. pp3-4. </ref> and from that consensus arose a truth which was generally adhered to. Later, this view was challenged, primarily by [[wikipedia:Nicolaus_Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]] who had done research<ref>Copernicus N. De revolutionibus orbium coelestium. 1543. Available from:https://search.proquest.com/docview/2090309346?&imgSeq=11</ref>, which he believed provided evidence of a different truth: the sun is located in the centre of the universe. It is through the development of comprehensive models of the [[wikipedia:Heliocentrism#:~:text=Heliocentrism%20is%20the%20astronomical%20model,the%20Earth%20at%20the%20center.|heliocentric theory]], through the demonstration that previous models do not fit a truthful representation of the world, that scientists are eventually able to make this new truth widespread. Indeed, in order for new truths in physics to be accepted, evidence must be provided by multiple academics who all find research pointing to the same truth. This, combined with demonstration of previous discrepancies between models and reality eventually convinces a wider public to adhere to a new truth. The Copernican Method <ref name= ":101"/> which places Copernicus' own discoveries side by side with Ptolomy's theory is an example of this process. === What does this mean for truth ? === With truth we associate the way the world objectively is. However, the changes in physics demonstrate that the truths we know and accept evolve with time? Does that suggest the world has changed or our understanding of it as changed? Truth seems to be limited by its necessity to be supported by a majority of people, meaning the majority is left to determine the truth. Perhaps, the example of Copernicus, illustrates that although the truth can be a minority at one point in time, through sufficient evidence and research the truth will eventually prevail, and become widely accepted. = '''Truth in the Social Sciences''' = == Truth in Anthropology == [[wikipedia:Anthropology|Anthropology]] is a complex discipline, grounded in both the social and biological sciences; it has even begun to be viewed as interdisciplinary due to such social biological interactions.<ref>Smith, E., Gurven, M. & Mulder, M. (2011) Anthropology: it can be interdisciplinary. ''Nature'' '''471''', 448 <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/471448b</nowiki></ref> As such, there is a clear interaction between both objectivity and subjectivity in the discipline. === Truth and privilege in anthropology === Discussion around whether a constructivist approach towards anthropology and posing social questions has lead to a disregard for marginalised people is common.<ref>Christensen, T. (2019) Look Away: How the Social Constructionist Approach to Social Problems Channels Attention Away from the Marginalized. ''Am Soc'' '''50''', 271–289  <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-019-9413-9</nowiki></ref> Would it therefore be preferable to treat everyone based on an objective truth? Universities are one of the places where a lot of research is carried out, but also where certain privileges of the researchers may lead to inequalities and misrepresentation of data, and therefore the perceived truth of the discipline. Cultural context in Anthropology is of great importance, yet in one area of the field, namely evolutionary psychology (and human psychology in general), it has been found that many samples are described to be WEIRD; western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic.<ref>Rad, M., Martingano, A. and Ginges, J. (2018) Toward a psychology of Homo sapiens: Making psychological science more representative of the human population. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'', 115(45), pp.11401-11405. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721165115</nowiki></ref> This means that current anthropological truths, based on data from WEIRD samples, will not reflect reality. Furthermore, the ethical principle of cultural realism, where human cultures are studied as separate to each other, is attributed to abstract principles usually found in Western society<ref name=":2">Moore, H. (2005). The Truths Of Anthropology. ''Cambridge Anthropology'', 25(1), 52-58. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/23820720</nowiki></ref>, and so these principles can not be seen as a universal truth for the whole of society. === Differing truths of anthropology === There exist differing views on which knowledge theories anthropologists subscribe to the most. One view is that anthropologists are naturalists, due to their direct study of subjects and such subjects’ interaction with their environment,<ref name=":3">Borofsky, R. (1994) Assessing Cultural Anthropology. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp.168-176.</ref> in this case representing human behaviour and way of life. Naturalism is considered part of the scientific method<ref>Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (1997), Singh, S. (2007) and Rodriguez, E. (2017). Naturalism | Philosophy. [online] ''Encyclopedia Britannica.'' Available at: <nowiki>https://www.britannica.com/topic/naturalism-philosophy</nowiki> [Last Accessed 1 November 2020].</ref>, where truths reflect reality. As such, Anthropology is considered to be based on rationalism and objective truths here. The Vienna Circle definition of positivism is “knowledge based on experience and logic”<ref name=":3" /> and so here Anthropology is considered positivist, as logic is used to reach conclusions in research. On the other hand, it is also stated that facts are found due to an individual’s interest in research, and furthermore that they are interpreted differently by each person. Therefore, truth can not truly be objective in regards to societies and humanity<ref name=":2" />, which anthropology studies. This split between subjective and objective truths may be because of the two streams of anthropology: biological and social. It can be seen that all anthropologists need a solid understanding in all knowledge theories that form truth in the discipline, and be able to discuss the inferences between them, in order to prevent issues with truth arising in anthropology.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Truth in Politics == [[Politics]] could be defined as « the activities of the government, members of law-making organizations, or people who try to influence the way a country is governed ».<ref> POLITICS | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary [Internet]. Dictionary.cambridge.org. 2020. Available from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/politics </ref> === Politics in social constructionism === Politics epistemology seems to be social constructionism. Truth in politics can be sought through quantitative and qualitative methods: to construct data (from interviews for instance) or to understand social behaviors (from focus groups for instance). A telephone survey of voters during the 2012 US presidential campaign has shown how partisanship information enhances self-efficacy theory. Random North Carolina voters were asked several questions about how they have been and are informed about the election. It shown that most of them sought for partisan information online; rather than simply reading or watching mainstream media. This confirms [[wikipedia:Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura’s]] [[wikipedia:Self-efficacy|self-efficacy theory]]. Following this argument, one can argue that individuals have the ability to find truth in politics on their own. <ref> Riffe D. Kiffer M. Leder Elder S. (2018) Finding the Truth in Politics: An Empirical Validation of the Epistemic Political Efficacy Concept. ''Atlantic Journal of Communication'' (Volume 26, 2018, Issue 1, p1-15). Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15456870.2018.1398162?casa_token=0DPFhZhp3q4AAAAA%3Apei1WDVzCzaoqHvGt1gDtXpghMAzRgM88z7zQrsK599H1rGSUKjf-_McuQK83Cxq8loCy-P0JFCSFg </ref> However, one might argue the opposite. Given the amount of fake news shared during a US presidential election, some say that people don’t behave in a way that enhances truth. A psychological study done by the Pro-Truth Pledge has tried to interfere in this process by giving 12 types of behaviors to signees of the research to adopt. After this, they were much more inclined than before for a seeking of truth. The study included random citizens as well as public figures. Therefore, truth isn't empirical. There are certain behaviours to adopt to find it. <ref> Tsipursky G. Votta F. Mulick J. A. (2018) A Psychological Approach to Promoting Truth in Politics: The Pro-Truth Pledge. ''Journal of Social and Political Psychology'' (2018, Vol. 6(2), p271–290). Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15456870.2018.1398162?casa_token=0DPFhZhp3q4AAAAA%3Apei1WDVzCzaoqHvGt1gDtXpghMAzRgM88z7zQrsK599H1rGSUKjf-_McuQK83Cxq8loCy-P0JFCSFg </ref> These studies show how truth can be found in different ways; through qualitative as well as quantitative methods which are both related to the constructivist epistemology. === Truth and power === Finally, there is a strong debate on wether truth should be dissociated or not from politics. For Theresa Man Ling Lee, truth is today what is fought in wars. She takes the example of the Cold War which was in her opinion a dual between Marxism and Liberalism. But the issue here is that on both political sides the center of power retains the center of truth. Theresa Man Ling Lee puts forward Czech statesman Vaclav Havel argument that in politics the center of power cannot be the center of truth. Instead of deciding between [[wikipedia:Marxism#:~:text=Marxism%20is%20a%20method%20of,perspective%20to%20view%20social%20transformation.|Marxism]] or [[wikipedia:Liberalism#:~:text=Liberalism%20is%20a%20political%20and,and%20equality%20before%20the%20law.|Liberalism]], Theresa Man Ling Lee proposes the theory of post-modernism which enhances to have truth in politics as considered as subjective or contextual; not as centered and irremovable. <ref> Lee T. M. L. (1997). ''Politics and Truth: Political Theory and the Postmodernist Challenge''. State University of New York Press. Available from: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OovPLrlrarQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=politics+and+truth&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib3NXa5u3sAhVzpHEKHcS-AHMQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=politics%20and%20truth&f=false </ref> == Truth in Psychology - The Illusory Truth Effect == [[wikipedia:Illusory_truth_effect|The Illusory Truth Effect]] is defined as the tendency human beings have to believe or find truthful information that they have been repeatedly exposed to throughout their lives. The Illusory Truth Effect is a cognitive bias identified in 1977 in a study at Villanova University and Temple University and it suggests that people in general tend to rely on information that is familiar to them or in line with their already established beliefs. In other words, repeating a certain statement a significant amount of times makes it seem more plausible to the audience.<ref> Hasher L, Goldstein D, Toppino T. Frequency and the conference of referential validity. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. (1977) doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80012-1. [Accessed the 2nd of November] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20160515062305/http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/hasher/PDF/Frequency%20and%20the%20conference%20Hasher%20et%20al%201977.pdf</ref> This effect has been used on many occasions by cults and extremist groups, but is also being used daily in political propaganda, news media, electoral campaigns and advertising.<ref> Newman J, Sanson M, Miller K, Quigley-Mcbride A, Foster L, Bernstein M, Garry M. People with Easier to Pronounce Names Promote Truthiness of Claims. PLOS One (September 6, 2014). [online] doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088671.[Accessed the 2nd of November] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935838/.</ref> Although this principle has only been identified as of recently, it has been used for centuries: Politicians of Ancient Rome, such as [[wikipedia:Cato_the_Elder|Cato]], had used repetition to convince the population of the need to destroy Carthage, and during the 19th century, [[wikipedia:Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] emphasized the power repetition can have on the people. This effect has also been used in [[wikipedia:Julius_Caesar_(play)|Shakespeare's ''Julius Cesar'']].<ref> Hertwig R, Gigerenzer G, Hoffrage U. The reiteration effect in hindsight bias. Psychological Review.(1997). doi:10.1037/0033-295X.104.1.194. [Accessed the 2nd of November] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20120822145544/http://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/volltexte/institut/dok/full/hertwig/hrreipr__/hrreipr__.html </ref> No matter how strong the illusory truth effect may be, it is difficult to nullify the ability of rational thinking. In any such situation, even if the familiarity of the subject inclines the individual to believe it, they can still debate whether the said statement is truthful or false. However, psychologists have found that that familiarity can, in fact overpower rationality in extreme cases.<ref> Maynard I, Anas A, Farinacci S. Dissociation of Processes in Belief: Source Recollection, Statement Familiarity, and the Illusion of Truth. (Ontario, Canada) McMaster University Hamilton, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Vol. 121. No. 4.446-458 (1992)[Accessed the 2nd of November] Available from:http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.220.6486&rep=rep1&type=pdf </ref> The Illusory truth effect in psychology adheres to the constructivist idea of truth, as it shows that truth may be constructed by social processes, such as the influence news media websites and presidential speeches may have on the human population. == Truth in Science Studies: a Social Constructivist Approach to Scientific Knowledge == === Classical Approach to Knowledge in Science<ref> Boyd, Gasper and Trout, et al, ''The Philosophy of Science'', MIT Press, 1991, pp.37-57<br> https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=pEzcsK1wlVYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=positivist+philosophy+of+science&ots=iWm4DeaQQS&sig=zXcVh4bExC89ey5Q9rQx03MrUgg#v=onepage&q=positivist%20philosophy%20of%20science&f=false </ref> === Traditional conception of Truth within Sciences rests on a positivist view. This approach argues that scientific knowledge is obtained through gathering of empirical evidence (verified data) and interpretation by logic and reason. It is believed that the natural world functions according to general laws ‘awaiting’ to be discovered by scientists then translated into knowledge that is deemed objective, rational and universal. Knowledge offers a mere depiction of the real world. === A challenging reaction: a case for Science Studies === Sciences Studies is a recent interdisciplinary field of research. It uses historical, philosophical, sociological, anthropological, economical lenses to study the production of scientific knowledge<ref>Sergio Sismondo, ''An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies'', Blackwell Publishing, 2004, pp.64<br> http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~ucessjb/S3%20Reading/sismondo%202004.pdf </ref>. Its birth is linked to the emergence of the « social constructivist » conception of knowledge. The social construct concept of reality and knowledge was popularized by the sociological treatise ''The Social Construction of Reality'' by Berger and Luckmann (1967): the authors state that knowledge (what we take reality to be) is subjective and produced by humans.<ref>Micheal Lynch, ''Social Constructivism in Science and Technology Studies'', Springer, 2016, pp.101-104<br> file:///Users/ninotchkahood/Downloads/Lynch2016_Article_SocialConstructivismInScienceA.pdf </ref>. The theory found its first echo in social sciences. It later integrated sociology/ philosophy of science in response to the realist approach to scientific knowledge. === Constructivist Understanding of Sciences === The constructivist argues that 'the ‘facts’ [of science] are determined by scientist’s choices, not objective reality'.<ref>André Kukla, ''Social Constructivism and the Philosophy of Science'', Routledge, 2000, pp.3<br> https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AFmkqMbS0LoC&pg=PR7&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false.</ref> According to this thesis, scientific knowledge is socially constructed and deprived of its absolute value (positivism). <br> <u>'''The two degrees of constructivism'''</u><ref>André Kukla, ''Social Constructivism and the Philosophy of Science'', Routledge, 2000, pp.8-12<br> https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AFmkqMbS0LoC&pg=PR7&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false </ref> : #very strong constructivism: all facts are constructed : there is no independent reality #strong constructivism: facts that we come to process are constructed <br><u>'''Two scales of constructivism’s argumentation:'''</u> # '''One can look at the social forces constructing knowledge at the scale of a society:'''<br> Scientific knowledge is a product of a particular historical and political context. They are social and institutional factors in the establishment of scientific knowledge : 'explanatory concepts such as interests, conventions, traditions, and socialization'<ref>Knorr-Cetina, ''Epistemic cultures : how the sciences make knowledge'', Harvard University Press, 2003<br> https://www.worldcat.org/title/epistemic-cultures-how-the-sciences-make-knowledge/oclc/1039575616?referer=di&ht=edition/ UCL Science Library</ref> should be taken into account when analyzing it. For example, Foucault argues against the idea of mental illness and treatment in XIX century was an objective scientific discovery. His thesis depicts a conventional bourgeois morality trying to control and suppress identities (labelled as insanity) that didn’t fit its narrative by institutionalizing the "sick". 'The institutions of science produce knowledge which is required by those in power. Disciplines, networks of scientific knowledge and hierarchical regimes of truth in science are mediums of disciplinary power, which flows via science to users of scientific knowledge.'<ref>Gary Gutting, Johanna Oksala, ''Michel Foucault'', Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2003 revised in 2018<br> https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/foucault/#HistMadnMedi</ref>. In other terms, Truth and Power are indissociable according to Foucault and thereby Truth is always socially constructed. # '''One can also look at the construction of knowledge at the scale of the scientist<ref>Latour and Woolgar, ''Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts'', Princeton University Press, 1979, pp.105-148<br> https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=vJ-JueUwptEC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=laboratory+life+the+social+construction+of+scientific+facts&ots=yU0wiS1E2U&sig=n2iHB1weB01TacONgWlQWhrOG_I#v=onepage&q=laboratory%20life%20the%20social%20construction%20of%20scientific%20facts&f=false </ref>:'''<br>Facts’ are dependent to human activity. The artificiality of the laboratory and of the scientist’s work were thoroughly questioned by epistemologists. Latour and Woolgar (1979) describe the lab activities — inscription and transcription, transformation and calculation through devices — as means to the construction of the discovery. They use as an example the « institutionalization » of the peptide TRF. The « hard fact » of the peptide structure exists only within certain 'networks', within certain contexts, those in which it is useful. In certain fields and sub-fields TRF is a 'unremarkable white powder'. To recognize TFR as a constructed fact allows a reflexion on how and why is was created, on the purpose it serves (note : TRF structure was discovered). Barnes also states that scientific judgment is determined by professional interests.<br> === A Case against Constructivism: the Danger of Relativism === During the Science Wars of the 1990s, a discourse opposing realist scientists and postmodern thinkers, the social constructivist approach was branded as a relativist approach denying the scientific reality of the world. Although this rhetoric was criticized, it highlights an important path social constructivism could lead to: relativism<ref>Micheal Lynch, ''Social Constructivism in Science and Technology Studies'', Springer, 2016, pp.109<br> file:///Users/ninotchkahood/Downloads/Lynch2016_Article_SocialConstructivismInScienceA.pdf </ref>. If one looks at the example of climate change, it is clear different scientific measurements and analysis were brought together to describe and conceptualize the very notion of climate change. It is a phenomenon which doesn’t exist as an entity in the natural world; it is a concept constructed by humans. However, by this, one could be tempted to state the urgency claimed by scientists is subjective and draw conclusions that global warming is not an existential crisis and threat to humanity. Latour said in the climate crisis era:  'Dangerous extremists [climate skeptics] are using the very same argument of social construction to destroy hard-won evidence that could save our lives'<ref>''French philosopher calls for new ‘critical attitude in academia’'', Stanford News, 2003<br> https://news.stanford.edu/news/2003/april16/latourtalk-416.html </ref> === Why is the constructivist approach important in Sciences?: a Nietzschean Wisdom === Although Nietzsche’s intellectual relationship to sciences is the utmost complex, one can retain at least one idea pertinent to this subject. He identified all truths to be illusions, beliefs — especially religion — that dominate the world and construct what we take to be reality. Even though he first defines science as 'a self-defense against the truth', he poses the 'the problem of science' as scientific knowledge<ref> E.Babich, ''« The Problem of Science » in Nietzsche and Heidegger'', Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, 2007, Vol.63, pp.207-208<br> https://www.jstor.org/stable/40419516?seq=3#metadata_info_tab_contents </ref> engaging with the same absolute prospect, of science becoming an ideology of some sorts, becoming a new "dogmatic religion"<ref>Paul Valadier, ''Nietzsche, Epistemology, and Philosophy of Science'', Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 2004, Vol.204, pp.241-242<br> https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-017-2428-9_19</ref>. Social constructivism forces us to deal with sciences in non-scientific terms and therefore compels us to challenge science epistemological-wise. = '''Conclusion''' = In this article, we have discussed the various theories of knowledge and forms of truth, and how truth is represented in various different disciplines. The relationship between subjective and objective truth has been explored, and it is discussed whether instead of truth being split into separate theories for each discipline, that it instead is more fluid as a concept and can evolve over time. In addition, we have also explored some applications of truth in society, such as in media, and whether the generally accepted ‘truth’ today is truly representative of humanity as a whole. = '''References''' = <references /> kvlk9smisc25mie9ha0ejyvs4d59myv 0 422992 4673610 4656869 2026-10-02T11:29:00Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 addtion > addition 4673610 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == If we have a function <math>\vec{f}:\R\to\R^n</math> , we say that <math>\vec{f}</math>'s image (the set <math>\Big\{\vec{f}(t)\Big|t\in\R\Big\}</math> - or some subset of <math>\R</math>) is a ''curve'' in <math>\R^n</math> and <math>\vec{f}</math> is its parametrization. Parameterizations are not necessarily unique - for example, <math>\vec{f}(t)=(\cos(t),\sin(t))</math> such that <math>t\in[0,2\pi)</math> is one parametrization of the unit circle, and <math>\vec{g}(t)=(\cos(at),\sin(at))</math> such that <math>t\in\left[0,\frac{2\pi}{a}\right)</math> is a whole family of parameterizations of that circle. ===Collision and intersection points=== Say we have two different curves. It may be important to consider *points the two curves share - where they ''intersect'' *intersections which occur for the same value of <math>t</math> - where they ''collide''. ==== Intersection points ==== Firstly, we have two parameterizations <math>\vec{f}(t)</math> and <math>\vec{g}(t)</math> , and we want to find out when they intersect, this means that we want to know when the function values of each parametrization are the same. This means that we need to solve :<math>\vec{f}(t)=\vec{g}(s)</math> because we're seeking the function values independent of the times they intersect. For example, if we have <math>\vec{f}(t)=(t,3t)</math> and <math>\vec{g}(t)=(t,t^2)</math> , and we want to find intersection points: :<math>\vec{f}(t)=\vec{g}(s)</math> :<math>(t,3t)=(s,s^2)</math> :<math>t=s\ ,\ 3t=s^2</math> with solutions <math>(t,s)=(0,0)\ ,\ (3,9)</math> So, the two curves intersect at the points <math>(0,0)\ ,\ (3,9)</math> . ==== Collision points ==== However, if we want to know when the points "collide", with <math>\vec{f}(t)</math> and <math>\vec{g}(t)</math> , we need to know when both the function values ''and'' the times are the same, so we need to solve instead :<math>\vec{f}(t)=\vec{g}(t)</math> For example, using the same functions as before, <math>\vec{f}(t)=(t, 3t)</math> and <math>\vec{g}(t)=(t,t^2)</math> , and we want to find collision points: :<math>\vec{f}(t)=\vec{g}(t)</math> :<math>(t,3t)=(t,t^2)</math> :<math>t=t\ ,\ 3t=t^2</math> which gives solutions <math>t=0,3</math> So the collision points are <math>(0,0)\ ,\ (3,9)</math> . We may want to do this to actually model physical problems, such as in ballistics. === Intersection vector functions === We can also use vector functions to represent the curve of intersection of two surfaces. For example, we want to know the curve of intersection of the cylinder <math>x^2+y^2=1</math> and the plane <math>y+z=2</math>.<blockquote>Vector functions rely on parameterizations, so we can rewrite the equation of the cylinder into: <math>\cos^2 t+\sin^2 t=1</math>, where <math>x=\cos t,y=\sin t</math>. From the equation of the plane, we know that <math>z=2-y=2-\sin t</math>. Thus the corresponding vector equation is: <math>\mathbf{r}(t)=\langle \cos t,\sin t,2-\sin t\rangle</math></blockquote> === Limits and Continuity === The limit of a vector function <math>\mathbf{r}</math> is defined by taking the limits of its component functions. {{Calculus/Def|title=The limit of a vector function|text=There is a vector function <math>\mathbf{r}(t)=\langle f(t),g(t),h(t) \rangle</math>. If <math>\lim_{t \rightarrow a}f(t),\lim_{t \rightarrow a}g(t),\lim_{t \rightarrow a}h(t)</math> exist, then :<math>\lim_{t \rightarrow a}\mathbf{r}(t)=\langle \lim_{t \rightarrow a}f(t),\lim_{t \rightarrow a}g(t),\lim_{t \rightarrow a}h(t) \rangle</math>}} And the requirement for continuity is also simple:<blockquote>A vector function <math>\mathbf{r}</math> is continuous at <math>a</math> if <math>\lim_{t\rightarrow a}\mathbf{r}(t)=\mathbf{r}(a)</math>.</blockquote> == Derivatives and Integrals == === Differentiation === Recall that the first derivative of a scalar function <math>f(x)</math> is defined as:<blockquote><math>f'(x)=\lim_{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}</math></blockquote>The first derivative of a vector function <math>\mathbf{r}(t)</math> is defined in much the same way:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{r}'(t)=\lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\frac{\mathbf{r}(t+\Delta t)-\mathbf{r}(t)}{\Delta t}</math></blockquote>We can use this definition to prove that the derivative of a vector function can be presented as the derivative of its component functions.<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \mathbf{r}'(t) & = \lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\frac{1}{\Delta t}[\mathbf{r}(t+\Delta t)-\mathbf{r}(t)] \quad \text{definition}\\ & = \lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\frac{1}{\Delta t}[\langle f(t+\Delta t),g(t+\Delta t),h(t+\Delta t)\rangle-\langle f(t),g(t),h(t) \rangle] \quad \text{component form}\\ & = \lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\langle \frac{f(t+\Delta t)-f(t)}{\Delta t},\frac{g(t+\Delta t)-g(t)}{\Delta t},\frac{h(t+\Delta t)-h(t)}{\Delta t}\rangle \quad\text{vector addition and multiplication}\\ & = \langle \lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\frac{f(t+\Delta t)-f(t)}{\Delta t},\lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\frac{g(t+\Delta t)-g(t)}{\Delta t},\lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\frac{h(t+\Delta t)-h(t)}{\Delta t}\rangle\quad\text{definition}\\ & = \langle f'(t),g'(t),h'(t)\rangle \quad\text{definition}\\ \end{align} </math></blockquote>Thus, using the same method, we can derive the second derivative and so on. {{Calculus/Def|title=Derivatives of a vector function|text=There is a vector function <math>\mathbf{r}(t)=\langle f(t),g(t),h(t) \rangle</math>. The first derivative of this vector function is: :<math>\mathbf{r}'(t)=\lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\frac{\mathbf{r}(t+\Delta t)-\mathbf{r}(t)}{\Delta t}= \langle f'(t),g'(t),h'(t)\rangle</math>}}So the <math>n</math>th-order derivative should look like this:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{r}^{(n)}(t)=\langle f^{(n)}(t),g^{(n)}(t),h^{(n)}(t)\rangle</math></blockquote> === Differentiation rules === Just like real-valued functions, there are some differentiation rules in the world of vector functions. The factor that makes vector differentiation rules slight more complicated is the product rule because there are two kinds of multiplication in vectors: dot product and cross product. {{Calculus/Def|title=Differentiation rules for vector functions|text=Suppose <math>\mathbf{u},\mathbf{v}</math> are differentiable vector functions and <math>f</math> is a real-valued function. Then # <math>\frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{u}(t)+\mathbf{v}(t)]=\mathbf{u}'(t)+\mathbf{v}'(t)\quad</math> (addition) # <math>\frac{d}{dt}[f(t)\mathbf{u}(t)]=f'(t)\mathbf{u}(t)+f(t)\mathbf{u}'(t)\quad</math> (scalar multiplication) # <math>\frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{u}(t)\cdot\mathbf{v}(t)]=\mathbf{u}'(t)\cdot\mathbf{v}(t)+\mathbf{u}(t)\cdot\mathbf{v}'(t)\quad</math> (dot product) # <math>\frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{u}(t)\times\mathbf{v}(t)]=\mathbf{u}'(t)\times\mathbf{v}(t)+\mathbf{u}(t)\times\mathbf{v}'(t)\quad</math> (cross product) # <math>\frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{u}(f(t))]=f'(t)\mathbf{u}'(f(t))\quad</math> (chain rule)}} Naturally, we will prove that those rules are correct. Let us assume that <math>\mathbf{u}(t)=\langle f_1(t),f_2(t),f_3(t)\rangle</math> and <math>\mathbf{v}(t)=\langle g_1(t),g_2(t),g_3(t)\rangle</math>. Rule 1: the addition rule<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{u}(t)+\mathbf{v}(t)] & = \frac{d}{dt}[\langle f_1(t),f_2(t),f_3(t)\rangle+\langle g_1(t),g_2(t),g_3(t)\rangle]\quad \text{component form} \\ & = \frac{d}{dt}\langle f_1(t)+g_1(t),f_2(t)+g_2(t),f_3(t)+g_3(t)\rangle \quad \text{vector addition}\\ & = \langle \frac{d}{dt}(f_1(t)+g_1(t)),\frac{d}{dt}(f_2(t)+g_2(t)),\frac{d}{dt}(f_3(t)+g_3(t))\rangle \quad\text{distribution}\\ & = \langle f_1'(t)+g_1'(t),f_2'(t)+g_2'(t),f_3'(t)+g_3'(t)\rangle\quad\text{addition rule for real-valued functions}\\ & = \langle f_1'(t),f_2'(t),f_3'(t)\rangle+\langle g_1'(t),g_2'(t),g_3'(t)\rangle\quad\text{vector addition}\\ & = \mathbf{u}'(t)+\mathbf{v}'(t)\quad\text{vector form}\\ \end{align}</math></blockquote>Rule 2: the scalar multiplication rule<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \frac{d}{dt}[f(t)\mathbf{u}(t)] & = \frac{d}{dt}[f(t)\begin{pmatrix} f_1(t)\\f_2(t)\\f_3(t)\end{pmatrix}]\quad\text{component form}\\ & = \frac{d}{dt}\begin{pmatrix} f(t)f_1(t)\\f(t)f_2(t)\\f(t)f_3(t)\end{pmatrix}\quad\text{scalar multiplication}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{d}{dt}(f(t)f_1(t))\\ \frac{d}{dt}(f(t)f_2(t))\\ \frac{d}{dt}(f(t)f_3(t))\\ \end{pmatrix}\quad\text{distribution}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} f'(t)f_1(t)+f(t)f_1'(t)\\ f'(t)f_2(t)+f(t)f_2'(t)\\ f'(t)f_3(t)+f(t)f_3'(t)\\ \end{pmatrix}\quad\text{multiplication rule for real-valued functions}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} f'(t)f_1(t)\\f'(t)f_2(t)\\f'(t)f_3(t)\end{pmatrix}+ \begin{pmatrix} f(t)f_1'(t)\\f(t)f_2'(t)\\f(t)f_3'(t)\end{pmatrix}\quad\text{vector addition}\\ & = f'(t)\begin{pmatrix} f_1(t)\\f_2(t)\\f_3(t)\end{pmatrix}+f(t)\begin{pmatrix} f_1'(t)\\f_2'(t)\\f_3'(t)\end{pmatrix}\quad\text{scalar multiplication}\\ & = f'(t)\mathbf{u}(t)+f(t)\mathbf{u}'(t)\quad\text{vector form}\\ \end{align}</math></blockquote>Rule 3: the dot product rule<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{u}(t)\cdot\mathbf{v}(t)] & = \frac{d}{dt}[\langle f_1(t),f_2(t),f_3(t)\rangle \cdot \langle g_1(t),g_2(t),g_3(t)\rangle]\quad\text{component form}\\ & = \frac{d}{dt}(f_1(t)g_1(t)+f_2(t)g_2(t)+f_3(t)g_3(t))\quad\text{dot product}\\ & = \frac{d}{dt}\sum_{i=1}^3f_i(t)g_i(t)\quad\text{simplification}\\ & = \sum_{i=1}^3\frac{d}{dt}f_i(t)g_i(t)\quad\text{distribution}\\ & = \sum_{i=1}^3[f_i'(t)g_i(t)+f_i(t)g_i'(t)]\quad\text{multiplication rule for real-valued functions}\\ & = \sum_{i=1}^3f_i(t)g_i(t)+\sum_{i=1}^3f_i(t)g_i'(t)\quad\text{vector addition}\\ & = \mathbf{u}'(t)\cdot\mathbf{v}(t)+\mathbf{u}(t)\cdot\mathbf{v}'(t)\quad\text{vector form}\\ \end{align}</math></blockquote>Rule 4: the cross product rule<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{u}(t)\times\mathbf{v}(t)] & = \frac{d}{dt}[\langle f_1(t),f_2(t),f_3(t)\rangle\times\langle g_1(t),g_2(t),g_3(t)\rangle]\quad\text{component form}\\ & = \frac{d}{dt}\begin{vmatrix} \mathbf{\hat{i}} & \mathbf{\hat{j}} & \mathbf{\hat{k}} \\ f_1(t) & f_2(t) & f_3(t) \\ g_1(t) & g_2(t) & g_3(t) \\ \end{vmatrix}\quad\text{cross product}\\ & = \frac{d}{dt}\begin{pmatrix} f_2(t)g_3(t)-f_3(t)g_2(t)\\ f_3(t)g_1(t)-f_1(t)g_3(t)\\ f_1(t)g_2(t)-f_2(t)g_1(t)\\ \end{pmatrix}\quad\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{d}{dt}(f_2(t)g_3(t)-f_3(t)g_2(t))\\ \frac{d}{dt}(f_3(t)g_1(t)-f_1(t)g_3(t))\\ \frac{d}{dt}(f_1(t)g_2(t)-f_2(t)g_1(t))\\ \end{pmatrix}\quad\text{distribution}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} f_2'(t)g_3(t)+f_2(t)g_3'(t)-f_3'(t)g_2(t)-f_3(t)g_2'(t)\\ f_3'(t)g_1(t)+f_3(t)g_1'(t)-f_1'(t)g_3(t)-f_1(t)g_3'(t)\\ f_2'(t)g_3(t)+f_2(t)g_3'(t)-f_3'(t)g_2(t)-f_3(t)g_2'(t)\\ \end{pmatrix}\quad\text{multiplication rule for real-valued functions}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} f_2'(t)g_3(t)-f_3'(t)g_2(t)+f_2(t)g_3'(t)-f_3(t)g_2'(t)\\ f_3'(t)g_1(t)-f_1'(t)g_3(t)+f_3(t)g_1'(t)-f_1(t)g_3'(t)\\ f_2'(t)g_3(t)-f_3'(t)g_2(t)+f_2(t)g_3'(t)-f_3(t)g_2'(t)\\ \end{pmatrix}\quad\text{rearrangement}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} f_2'(t)g_3(t)-f_3'(t)g_2(t)\\f_3'(t)g_1(t)-f_1'(t)g_3(t)\\f_2'(t)g_3(t)-f_3'(t)g_2(t)\\\end{pmatrix}+ \begin{pmatrix} f_2(t)g_3'(t)-f_3(t)g_2'(t)\\f_3(t)g_1'(t)-f_1(t)g_3'(t)\\f_2(t)g_3'(t)-f_3(t)g_2'(t)\\\end{pmatrix}\quad\text{vector addition}\\ & = \begin{vmatrix} \mathbf{\hat{i}} & \mathbf{\hat{j}} & \mathbf{\hat{k}} \\ f_1'(t) & f_2'(t) & f_3'(t) \\ g_1(t) & g_2(t) & g_3(t) \\\end{vmatrix}+\begin{vmatrix} \mathbf{\hat{i}} & \mathbf{\hat{j}} & \mathbf{\hat{k}} \\ f_1(t) & f_2(t) & f_3(t) \\ g_1'(t) & g_2'(t) & g_3'(t) \\ \end{vmatrix}\quad\text{cross product}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} f_1'(t) \\ f_2'(t) \\ f_3'(t)\\\end{pmatrix}\times\begin{pmatrix} g_1(t) \\ g_2(t) \\ g_3(t) \\\end{pmatrix}+ \begin{pmatrix} f_1(t) \\ f_2(t) \\ f_3(t)\\\end{pmatrix}\times\begin{pmatrix} g_1'(t) \\ g_2'(t) \\ g_3'(t) \\\end{pmatrix}\quad\\ & = \mathbf{u}'(t)\times\mathbf{v}(t)+\mathbf{u}(t)\times\mathbf{v}'(t)\quad\text{vector form}\\ \end{align}</math></blockquote>Rule 5: the chain rule<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{u}(f(t))] & = \frac{d}{dt}\begin{pmatrix} f_1(f(t)) \\ f_2(f(t)) \\ f_3(f(t)) \\\end{pmatrix}\quad\text{component form}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{d}{dt}f_1(f(t)) \\ \frac{d}{dt}f_2(f(t)) \\ \frac{d}{dt}f_3(f(t)) \\\end{pmatrix}\quad\text{distribution}\\ & = \begin{pmatrix} f'(t)f_1'(f(t)) \\ f'(t)f_2'(f(t)) \\ f'(t)f_3'(f(t)) \\\end{pmatrix}\quad \text{chain rule for real-valued functions}\\ & = f'(t)\begin{pmatrix} f_1'(f(t)) \\ f_2'(f(t)) \\ f_3'(f(t)) \\\end{pmatrix}\quad\text{scalar multiplication}\\ & = f'(t)\mathbf{u}'(f(t))\quad\text{vector form}\\ \end{align}</math></blockquote><math>\blacksquare</math> ==== Angle between curves ==== [[Image:Inner-product-angle.png|right|thumb]] We can then formulate the concept of the ''angle'' between two curves by considering the angle between the two tangent vectors. If two curves, parametrized by <math>\vec{f_1}</math> and <math>\vec{f_2}</math> intersect at some point, which means that :<math>\vec{f_1}(s)=\vec{f_2}(t)=c</math> the angle between these two curves at <math>c</math> is the angle between the tangent vectors <math>\vec{f_1'}(s)</math> and <math>\vec{f_2'}(t)</math>, using the dot product, is given by :<math>\arccos\left(\frac{\vec{f_1'}(s)\cdot\vec{f_2'}(t)}{\Big\|\vec{f_1'}(s)\Big\|\Big\|\vec{f_2'}(t)\Big\|}\right)</math> === Integration === Similar to real-valued functions, the definite integral of a vector function <math>\mathbf{r}(t)</math> is defined as:<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \int_a^b\mathbf{r}(t)dt & = \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\sum_{i=1}^n\mathbf{r}(t_i^*)\Delta t \\ & = \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\biggl[\biggl(\sum_{i=1}^nf(t_i^*)\Delta t\biggr)\mathbf{i}+\biggl(\sum_{i=1}^ng(t_i^*)\Delta t\biggr)\mathbf{j}+\biggl(\sum_{i=1}^nh(t_i^*)\Delta t\biggr)\mathbf{k}\biggr]\\ & = \biggl(\int_a^bf(t)dt\biggr)\mathbf{i}+\biggl(\int_a^bg(t)dt\biggr)\mathbf{j}+\biggl(\int_a^bh(t)dt\biggr)\mathbf{k} \end{align} </math></blockquote>We can extend the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to continuous vector functions as follows: {{Calculus/Def|title=The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (including vector functions)|text=:<math>\int_a^b\mathbf{r}(t)dt=\mathbf{R}(t)\biggr]_a^b=\mathbf{R}(b)-\mathbf{R}(a)</math>}} For indefinite integrals, the definition is:<blockquote><math>\int\mathbf{r}(t)dt=\biggl(\int f(t)dt\biggr)\mathbf{i}+\biggl(\int g(t)dt\biggr)\mathbf{j}+\biggl(\int h(t)dt\biggr)\mathbf{k}+\mathbf{C} </math></blockquote> === Arc length === Recall that in Chapter {{Calculus/map page|Parametric Integration}}, we deduced the length of a curve with parametric equations <math>\begin{cases} x=f(t) \\ y=g(t) \end{cases} </math>, <math>a\le t\le b </math> should be:<blockquote><math>L=\int_a^b\sqrt{\biggl(\frac{dx}{dt}\biggr)^2+\biggl(\frac{dy}{dt}\biggr)^2}dt </math></blockquote>Since vector functions are fundamentally parametric equations with directions, we can utilize the formula above into the length of a space curve. {{Calculus/Def|title=Arc length of a space curve|text=If the curve has the vector equation <math>\mathbf{r}(t)=\langle f(t),g(t),h(t)\rangle,a\le t\le b</math>, or, equivalently, the parametric equations <math>x=f(t),y=g(t),z=h(t)</math>, where <math>f',g',h'</math> are continuous, then the length of the curve from <math>t=a</math> to <math>t=b</math> is: :<math>L=\int_a^b\sqrt{[f'(t)]^2+[g'(t)]^2+[h'(t)]^2}dt=\int_a^b\sqrt{\biggl(\frac{dx}{dt}\biggr)^2+\biggl(\frac{dy}{dt}\biggr)^2+\biggl(\frac{dx}{dz}\biggr)^2}dt</math>}} For those who prefer simplicity, the formula can be rewritten into:<blockquote><math>L=\int_a^b|\mathbf{r}'(t)|dt\quad </math> or <math>\quad\frac{dL}{dt}=|\mathbf{r}'(t)|</math></blockquote> === Reparametrization === Suppose that there is a vector function which describes the displacement of a particle with respect to time and has the equation:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{r}(t)=\cos t\ \mathbf{i}+\sin t\ \mathbf{j}+t\ \mathbf{k} </math></blockquote>However, for some reason, we do not want to know the displacement of this particle with respect to time. Instead, we want to know its displacement with respect to its traveled distance (<math>s </math>) from <math>(1,0,0) </math> in the direction of increasing <math>t </math>. In order to do so, we need to find a way to describe time as a function of distance. In other words, we need to find <math>t=t(s) </math>. We can use the formula for the arc length to establish the relationship between time and distance because arc length in this case describes the distance traveled by the particle. Before we start calculating, we need to introduce the arc length function. {{Calculus/Def|title=Arc length function|text=Suppose that a piecewise-smooth curve with a vector function <math>\mathbf{r}(t)=\langle f(t),g(t),h(t)\rangle,a \le t \le b</math>, and the curve is traversed exactly once as <math>t</math> increases from <math>a</math> to <math>b</math>. The arc length function <math>s(t)</math> is: :<math>s(t)=\int_a^t\sqrt{\biggl(\frac{dx}{du}\biggr)^2+\biggl(\frac{dy}{du}\biggr)^2+\biggl(\frac{dz}{du}\biggr)^2}du</math>}} According to the definition, the arc length function for our curve <math>\mathbf{r}(t) </math> should be<blockquote><math>s(t)=\int_0^t|\mathbf{r}'(u)|du=\int_0^t\sqrt{(-\sin u)^2+(\cos u)^2+1^2}du=\sqrt{2}u\bigg]_0^t=\sqrt{2}t </math> Note that <math>a=0 </math> because the initial point <math>(1,0,0) </math> corresponds to the parameter value <math>t=0 </math>. Since it is in the direction of increasing <math>t </math>, the integration direction should be from <math>0 </math> to <math>t </math>. <math>t(s)=\frac{s}{\sqrt{2}} </math></blockquote>Then we substitute the original function and get the answer:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{r}(s)=\cos \frac{s}{\sqrt{2}}\ \mathbf{i}+\sin \frac{s}{\sqrt{2}}\ \mathbf{j}+\frac{s}{\sqrt{2}}\ \mathbf{k} </math></blockquote>Reparametrization has important applications in real life because sometimes we want to know a value with respect to different variables. In this case, instead of describing the path of a particle with respect to time, we described its path with respect to its distance, which will be very useful in certain situations. == Curvature == === Terminology === Before we start discussing curvature, there are some important vectors and concepts we need to be at least aware of. ==== The unit tangent vector ==== In the differentiation section of this chapter, we discussed the derivatives of a vector function. We know that <math>\mathbf{v}(t)=\mathbf{r}'(t)</math> at <math>t=t_0</math> is tangent to the curve <math>\mathbf{r}(t)</math> at <math>t=t_0</math>. <math>\mathbf{r}'(t)</math> is called the tangent vector. The unit tangent vector, however, eliminates the aspect of magnitude because it is defined as:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{T}(t)=\frac{\mathbf{r}'(t)}{|\mathbf{r}'(t)|}</math></blockquote>As we can see, the magnitude of the unit tangent vector is always <math>1</math>. We can imagine that <math>\mathbf{r}(t)</math> as the displacement of a particle with respect to time. So, the unit tangent vector can be perceived as the direction of the velocity of the particle with respect to time. It can also be perceived as the direction of the tangential acceleration of the particle with respect to time. We will discuss motion in space in the next section, but this is a useful method to intuitively understand some vectors. ==== The unit normal vector ==== The unit normal vector is defined as<blockquote><math>\mathbf{N}(t)=\frac{\mathbf{T}'(t)}{|\mathbf{T}'(t)|}</math></blockquote>The unit normal is orthogonal to the unit tangent because since <math>|\mathbf{T}(t)|=1</math>, we can get that:<blockquote><math>\frac{d}{dt}|\mathbf{T}(t)|^2=0=\frac{d}{dt}[\mathbf{T}(t)\cdot\mathbf{T}(t)]=2\mathbf{T}'(t)\cdot\mathbf{T}(t)</math> <math>\Leftrightarrow \mathbf{T}'(t)\cdot\mathbf{T}(t)=0</math></blockquote>This means that <math>\mathbf{T}'(t)</math> is orthogonal to <math>\mathbf{T}(t)</math>. Therefore, <math>\mathbf{N}(t)</math> is orthogonal to <math>\mathbf{T}(t)</math>. We can imagine that the unit normal vector is the direction of the normal acceleration of the particle with respect to time. ==== The binormal vector ==== The binormal vector is defined as<blockquote><math>\mathbf{B}(t)=\mathbf{T}(t)\times\mathbf{N}(t)</math></blockquote>The binormal vector is perpendicular to both the unit tangent and the unit normal because of the properties of the cross product. The magnitude of the binormal is always 1 because<blockquote><math>|\mathbf{B}(t)|=|\mathbf{T}(t)||\mathbf{N}(t)|\sin\theta=1</math></blockquote> ==== The normal plane, osculating plane, and the osculating circle ==== * The normal plane is the plane determined by the normal and binormal vectors <math>\mathbf{N}\text{ and }\mathbf{B}</math>. The normal plane consists of all lines that are orthogonal to the tangent vector <math>\mathbf{T}</math>. * The osculating plane is the plane determined by the unit tangent and unit normal <math>\mathbf{T}\text{ and }\mathbf{N}</math>. It is the plane that comes closest to containing the part of the curve near a point where <math>t=t_0</math>. * The osculating circle is the circle that lies in the osculating plane towards the direction of <math>\mathbf{N}</math> with a radius <math>r=\frac{1}{\kappa}</math> (the inverse of the curvature, which we will immediately discuss after this). It best describes how the curve behaves near the point where <math>t=t_0</math> because it shares the same tangent, normal, and curvature at that point. These concepts are very important in the branch of differential geometry and in its applications to the motion of spacecraft. === Curvature === The curvature of a curve at a given point is a measure of how quickly the curve changes direction at that point. We define it to be the magnitude of the rate of change of the unit tangent with respect to arc length. We use arc length so that the curvature will be independent of parametrization.<blockquote>Suppose that a space curve has vector function <math>\mathbf{r}</math>, unit tangent vector <math>\mathbf{T}</math>, and arc length <math>s</math>. The curvature of this curve is: <math>\kappa=\biggl|\frac{d\mathbf{T}(s)}{ds}\biggr|</math>.</blockquote>There are two other ways to express the curvature. We can express curvature in terms of <math>t</math> instead of <math>s</math> by utilizing the chain rule (recall that <math>\frac{dL}{dt}=|\mathbf{r}'(t)|</math>):<blockquote><math>\kappa=\biggl|\frac{d\mathbf{T}}{ds}\biggr|=\Biggl|\frac{\frac{d\mathbf{T}}{ds}\frac{ds}{dt}}{\frac{ds}{dt}}\Biggr|=\Biggl|\frac{\frac{d\mathbf{T}(t)}{dt}}{\frac{ds}{dt}}\Biggr|=\frac{|\mathbf{T}'(t)|}{|\mathbf{r}'(t)|}</math></blockquote>The third way is more complicated to deduce, but it is often more convenient to apply because it only requires <math>\mathbf{r}(t)</math> and its derivatives.<blockquote><math>\kappa(t)=\frac{|\mathbf{r}'(t)\times\mathbf{r}''(t)|}{|\mathbf{r}'(t)|^3}</math></blockquote>And now for the proof for this theorem:<blockquote>According to the definition of the unit tangent vector, we know that <math>\mathbf{r}'=|\mathbf{r}'|\mathbf{T}</math>. So the second derivative of <math>\mathbf{r}</math> should be:<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \mathbf{r}'' & = (|\mathbf{r}'|\ \mathbf{T})' \\ & = |\mathbf{r}''|\ \mathbf{T}+|\mathbf{r}'|\ \mathbf{T}' \quad\text{the product rule}\\ \end{align}</math></blockquote>Now we calculate <math>\mathbf{r}'\times\mathbf{r}''</math>.<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \mathbf{r}'\times\mathbf{r}'' & = \bigl(|\mathbf{r}'|\mathbf{T}\bigr)\times\bigl(|\mathbf{r}''|\ \mathbf{T}+|\mathbf{r}'|\ \mathbf{T}' \bigr)\quad\text{substitution} \\ & = \bigl(|\mathbf{r}'|\mathbf{T}\times|\mathbf{r}''|\mathbf{T}\bigr)+\bigl(|\mathbf{r}'|\mathbf{T}\times|\mathbf{r}'|\mathbf{T}'\bigr)\quad\text{distribution} \\ & = |\mathbf{r}'||\mathbf{r}''|(\mathbf{T}\times\mathbf{T})+|\mathbf{r}'|^2(\mathbf{T}\times\mathbf{T}')\quad\text{rearrangement} \\ & = |\mathbf{r}'|^2(\mathbf{T}\times\mathbf{T}') \quad\text{realizing that }\mathbf{T}\times\mathbf{T}=0 \\ \end{align}</math></blockquote>And then we calculate <math>|\mathbf{r}'\times\mathbf{r}''|</math>.<blockquote><math>\begin{align} |\mathbf{r}'\times\mathbf{r}''| & = |\mathbf{r}'|^2|\mathbf{T}\times\mathbf{T}'|\quad\text{substitution} \\ & = |\mathbf{r}'|^2|\mathbf{T}||\mathbf{T}'|\sin\theta \quad\text{the magnitude for the cross product} \\ & = |\mathbf{r}'|^2|\mathbf{T}'| \quad\text{when you realize }|\mathbf{T}|=1\text{ and }\mathbf{T}\perp\mathbf{T}' \\ \end{align}</math></blockquote>We rearrange the equation into:<blockquote><math>|\mathbf{T}'|=\frac{|\mathbf{r}'\times\mathbf{r}''|}{|\mathbf{r}'|^2}</math></blockquote>Since <math>\kappa=\frac{|\mathbf{T}'|}{|\mathbf{r}'|}</math>, we can substitute <math>|\mathbf{T}'|</math> with <math>\frac{|\mathbf{r}'\times\mathbf{r}''|}{|\mathbf{r}'|^2}</math> and get: <math>\kappa=\frac{|\mathbf{r}'\times\mathbf{r}''|}{|\mathbf{r}'|^3}</math></blockquote>Here is a little summary on ways to calculate the curvature. {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" !Definition !With parametrization with respect to <math>\mathbf{t}</math> !In terms of <math>\mathbf{r}(t)</math> and its derivatives |- |align=center|<math>\kappa=\biggl|\frac{d\mathbf{T}}{ds}\biggr|</math> |align=center|<math>\kappa=\frac{|\mathbf{T}'|}{|\mathbf{r}'|}</math> |align=center|<math>\kappa=\frac{|\mathbf{r}'\times\mathbf{r}''|}{|\mathbf{r}'|^3}</math> |} == Motion in space == === Velocity and acceleration === Remember in 2-dimensional calculus, we mentioned that a particle with displacement function <math>f(x)</math> has velocity <math>f'(x)</math> and acceleration <math>f''(x)</math>. In vector functions, the definition is basically the same. Suppose a particle moves through space so that its position vector at time <math>t</math> is <math>\mathbf{r}(t)</math>, its velocity function and acceleration function are:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{v}(t)=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0}\frac{\mathbf{r}(t+h)-\mathbf{r}(t)}{h}=\mathbf{r}'(t)\quad</math> and <math>\quad\mathbf{a}(t)=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0}\frac{\mathbf{v}(t+h)-\mathbf{v}(t)}{h}=\mathbf{v}'(t)=\mathbf{r}''(t)</math></blockquote>Simply put: <math>\mathbf{r}''(t)=\mathbf{v}'(t)=\mathbf{a}(t)</math>. The speed of the particle ignores the direction. It is the magnitude of the velocity vector: <math>|\mathbf{v}(t)|</math>. The distance traveled by the particle from <math>t=a \text{ to } b</math> is <math>\int_a^b|\mathbf{v}(t)|dt</math>, which is also the formula for the arc length. With the help of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we can deduce the velocity function and position function when we know the particle's acceleration.<blockquote><math>\mathbf{v}(t)=\mathbf{v}(t_0)+\int_{t_0}^t\mathbf{a}(u)du\quad</math> and <math>\quad\mathbf{r}(t)=\mathbf{r}(t_0)+\int_{t_0}^t\mathbf{v}(u)du</math></blockquote> === Tangential and normal acceleration === We can split the acceleration vector into two components: the tangential acceleration <math>a_T</math> and the normal acceleration <math>a_N</math>. The tangential acceleration faces the same direction as the unit tangent vector (<math>\mathbf{T}</math>), and the normal acceleration faces the same direction as the unit normal vector (<math>\mathbf{N}</math>). Since both <math>\mathbf{T}</math> and <math>\mathbf{N}</math> are unit vectors, the acceleration vector can be written as the sum of two vectors:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{a}=a_T\mathbf{T}+a_N\mathbf{N}</math></blockquote>Our goal is to figure out how to describe the two components.<blockquote>Recall that <math>\mathbf{T}=\frac{\mathbf{v}}{|\mathbf{v}|}</math>, thus<blockquote><math>\mathbf{v}=|\mathbf{v}|\mathbf{T}</math></blockquote>Now we differentiate both sides of the equation,<blockquote><math>\begin{align} \mathbf{v}' & = \bigl(|\mathbf{v}|\mathbf{T}\bigr)' \\ & = |\mathbf{v}|'\mathbf{T}+|\mathbf{v}|\mathbf{T}'\\ \end{align}</math></blockquote>So we get <math>\mathbf{a}=|\mathbf{v}|'\mathbf{T}+|\mathbf{v}|\mathbf{T}'</math>. <blockquote>Recall that <math>\kappa=\frac{\big|\mathbf{T}'\big|}{\big|\mathbf{r}'\big|}=\frac{\big|\mathbf{T}'\big|}{\big|\mathbf{v}\big|}</math>, thus <math>\big|\mathbf{T}'\big|=\kappa|\mathbf{v}|</math>.</blockquote><blockquote>Recall that <math>\mathbf{N}=\frac{\mathbf{T}'}{\big|\mathbf{T}'\big|}</math>, thus <math>\mathbf{T}'=\big|\mathbf{T}'\big|\mathbf{N}=\kappa|\mathbf{v}|\mathbf{N}</math>.</blockquote>We substitute <math>\mathbf{T}'</math> for <math>\kappa|\mathbf{v}|\mathbf{N}</math> to yield: <math>\mathbf{a}=|\mathbf{v}|'\mathbf{T}+\kappa|\mathbf{v}|^2\mathbf{N}</math></blockquote>That leaves us with:<blockquote><math>a_T=|\mathbf{v}|'\quad</math> and <math>\quad a_N=\kappa|\mathbf{v}|^2</math></blockquote> <math>\blacksquare</math> Of course, it will be more convenient if those components can be written in terms if <math>\mathbf{r}(t)</math> and its derivatives. Suppose that <math>\theta</math> is the angle between <math>\mathbf{T}</math> and <math>\mathbf{a}</math>, then we can write <math>a_T,a_N</math> like this:<blockquote><math>\begin{align} a_T & = |\mathbf{a}(t)|\cos\theta \\ & = \frac{|\mathbf{v}(t)||\mathbf{a}(t)|\cos\theta}{|\mathbf{v}(t)|} \quad\text{algebraic manipulation}\\ & = \frac{\mathbf{v}(t)\cdot\mathbf{a}(t)}{|\mathbf{v}(t)|}\quad\text{dot product}\\ & = \frac{\mathbf{r}'(t)\cdot\mathbf{r}''(t)}{|\mathbf{r}'(t)|}\quad\text{in terms of }\mathbf{r}(t)\text{ and its derivatives}\\ \end{align}</math><math>\begin{align} a_N & = |\mathbf{a}(t)|\sin\theta \\ & = \frac{|\mathbf{v}(t)||\mathbf{a}(t)|\sin\theta}{|\mathbf{v}(t)|} \quad\text{algebraic manipulation}\\ & = \frac{|\mathbf{v}(t)\times\mathbf{a}(t)|}{|\mathbf{v}(t)|}\quad\text{cross product}\\ & = \frac{|\mathbf{r}'(t)\times\mathbf{r}''(t)|}{|\mathbf{r}'(t)|}\quad\text{in terms of }\mathbf{r}(t)\text{ and its derivatives}\\ \end{align}</math></blockquote> <math>\blacksquare</math> To sum it up:<blockquote><math>a_T=|\mathbf{v}|'=\frac{\mathbf{r}'(t)\cdot\mathbf{r}''(t)}{|\mathbf{r}'(t)|}\quad</math> and <math>\quad a_N=\kappa|\mathbf{v}|^2= \frac{|\mathbf{r}'(t)\times\mathbf{r}''(t)|}{|\mathbf{r}'(t)|}</math></blockquote> == Expansion == We only discussed vector functions with three variables <math>\mathbf{r}(t)=\langle f(t),g(t),h(t)\rangle</math>. How about expanding our understanding of vector functions into <math>n</math> variables? Suppose we have a curve with vector function:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{r}(t)= \begin{pmatrix} f_1(t) \\ f_2(t) \\ \vdots \\ f_n(t) \\ \end{pmatrix}</math></blockquote> === Limits === The limit of a vector function is defined as:<blockquote><math>\lim_{t\rightarrow c} \mathbf{r}(t)= \begin{pmatrix} \lim_{t\rightarrow c} f_1(t) \\ \lim_{t\rightarrow c} f_2(t) \\ \vdots \\ \lim_{t\rightarrow c} f_n(t) \\ \end{pmatrix}</math></blockquote> === Differentiation and integration === The derivative of a vector function is defined as:<blockquote><math>\mathbf{r}'(t)=\lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}\frac{\mathbf{r}(t+\Delta t)-\mathbf{r}(t)}{\Delta t}</math>, thus <math>\quad\mathbf{r}'(t)= \begin{pmatrix} f_1'(t) \\ f_2'(t) \\ \vdots \\ f_n'(t) \\ \end{pmatrix}</math></blockquote>All differentiation rules apply. We can expand integration into:<blockquote><math>\int\mathbf{r}(t)dt= \begin{pmatrix} \int f_1(t)dt \\ \int f_2(t)dt \\ \vdots \\ \int f_n(t)dt \\ \end{pmatrix} +\mathbf{C} </math></blockquote>Then, the arc length will become:<blockquote><math>L=\int_a^b|\mathbf{r}'(t)|dt\quad </math>or <math>\quad L=\int_a^b \sqrt{[f_1'(t)]^2+[f_2'(t)]^2+\cdots+[f_n'(t)]^2}dt </math></blockquote>{{BookCat}} cidnauvzs76jrajw975c4w0f5odmoav 0 423882 4673413 4663205 2026-10-01T12:12:30Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4673413 wikitext text/x-wiki = Fauna = : The names of animals in Mirad all contain the letters '''p''', meaning ''mobile'', and end in the letter '''t''' for ''creature''. The ordinal vowel in the stem relates to a geophysical domain, such as air, water, land, or combinations of these. {| class="wikitable" style="background:lightgreen;{{Text default color}}; margin: auto;" |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pot'''=''animal'' ::*'''pyot'''=''wild animal'' <hr> :*'''pat'''=''bird'' ::*'''pyat'''=''bird of prey, raptor'' ::*'''piat'''=''aquatic bird'' ::*'''pelat'''=''flying insect'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pet'''=''land animal'' ::*'''pyet'''=''reptile'' ::*'''payet'''=''flying reptile'' ::*'''pelt'''=''insect'' ::*'''peyet'''=''worm'' ::*'''plet'''=''marsupial'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pit'''=''fish'' ::*'''pyit'''=''predatory or game fish'' ::*'''piit'''=''crustacean'' ::*'''piyet'''=''batrachian'' ::*'''peit'''=''marine mammal'' ::*'''pyeit'''=''mollusk'' |style="vertical-align:top; background:lightblue;{{Text default color}};"| [[File:Noah's_ark_and_animals_1943.8.7806.jpg|thumb]] |} :Note the following details from the above chart: :* Stems of all flying creatures (except reptiles) end in '''-at''' ::* Stems of birds of prey or raptors end in '''-yat'''. ::* Stems of aquatic birds end in '''-iat'''. ::* Stem of flying insects end in '''-lat'''. :* Stems of all land animals and non-flying insects end in '''-ot''' or '''-et'''. ::* Wild land animals end in '''-yot'''. ::* Less wild land animals end in '''-ot'''. ::* Less wild aquatic land animals end in '''-iot'''. ::* Domesticated land animals end in '''-et'''. ::* Non-flying reptiles end in '''-yet'''. ::* Flying reptiles end in '''-ayet'''. ::* Amphibians or batrachians end in '''-iyet'''. ::* Marsupials end in '''-let'''. ::* Non-flying insects end in '''-elt'''. ::* Worms end in '''-eyet'''. :* All sea and river creatures end in '''-it''', especially fish proper. ::* Game or predatory fish end in '''-yit'''. ::* Crustaceans or shellfish end in '''-iit'''. ::* Marine mammals end in '''-eit'''. ::* Mollusks end in '''-yeit'''. :* The feminine counterpart of animals is derived by following the last stem vowel with '''-y-'''. :* The offspring of an animal is derived by suffixing '''-ud''' to the stem. :* A small version of an animal is derived by suffixing '''-og''' to the stem. :* A pet version of an animal is derived by suffixing '''-if''' to the stem. == Birds and Flying Creatures == {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightblue; {{text default color}};" |- | BIRDS || BIRDS OF PREY || AQUATIC BIRDS |- |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pat'''=''bird'' :*'''apat'''=''cock, rooster'' ::*'''apayt'''=''hen, fowl'' :*'''apyat'''=''eagle'' :*'''bapat'''=''thrush'' :*'''bepat'''=''warbler'' :*'''bipat'''=''sparrow'' :*'''epyat'''=''vulture'' :*'''fapat'''=''raven'' :*'''fepat'''=''crow'' :*'''fipat'''=''magpie'' :*'''gapat'''=''ostrich'' :*'''gepat'''=''peacock'' :*'''gipat'''=''peafowl'' :*'''ipat'''=''turkey'' ::*'''ipayt'''=''turkey hen'' :*'''ipyat'''=''kite'' :*'''kapat'''=''stork'' :*'''sepat'''=''quail'' :*'''supat'''=''lark'' :*'''syapat'''=''black grouse'' :*'''syopat'''=''pheasant'' :*'''tapat'''=''parrot'' :*'''tepat'''=''parakeet'' :*'''uopayt'''=''guinea-fowl'' :*'''upat'''=''goose'' :*'''vapat'''=''nightingale'' :*'''vepat'''=''canary'' :*'''vetipat'''=''skeptic'' :*'''vipat'''=''canary'' :*'''vupat'''=''chaffinch'' :*'''yapat'''=''pigeon'' :*'''yapyat'''=''falcon, hawk'' :*'''yivtopat'''=''free-spirit'' :*'''yopyat'''=''sparrowhawk'' :*'''zapat'''=''swallow'' :*'''zepat'''=''swift'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pyat'''=''raptor'' :*'''apyat'''=''eagle'' :*'''epyat'''=''vulture'' :*'''ipyat'''=''kite'' :*'''lapyat'''=''owl, wren'' :*'''lepyat'''=''screech owl'' :*'''yapyat'''=''falcon, hawk'' :*'''yopyat'''=''sparrowhawk'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''piat'''=''aquatic bird'' :*'''japiat'''=''cormorant'' :*'''jepiat'''=''gull'' :*'''kapiat'''=''heron'' :*'''kepiat'''=''crane'' :*'''kipiat'''=''fleming'' :*'''sapiat'''=''swan'' :*'''tapiat'''=''penguin'' |} == Land Animals == {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightgreen;{{text default color}};" |- | WILD||LESS WILD||DOMESTIC |- |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pyot'''=''wild animal, wild beast, beast'' :*'''apyot'''=''lion'' ::*'''apyot'''=''lioness'' :*'''bapyot'''=''orangutan'' :*'''bepyot'''=''bear'' ::*'''bepyotud'''=''cub'' :*'''fipyot'''=''gorilla'' :*'''fupyot'''=''bonobo'' :*'''fyapyot'''=''gibbon'' :*'''fyepyot'''=''lemur'' :*'''fyopyot'''=''chimpanzee'' :*'''ipyot'''=''leopard'' ::*'''iapyot'''=''jaguar'' ::*'''iepyot'''=''puma'' ::*'''iipyot'''=''panther'' :*'''tobupyot'''=''werewolf'' :*'''upyot'''=''wolf'' ::*'''upyoyt'''=''wolverine'' :*'''yeapyot'''=''jackal'' :*'''yepyot'''=''hyena'' :*'''yipyot'''=''tiger'' ::*'''yipyoyt'''=''tigress'' :*'''yopyot'''=''fox'' ::*'''yopyoyt'''=''vixen'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''bapot'''=''monkey'' :*'''bepot'''=''chimpanzee'' :*'''gapot'''=''elephant'' ::*'''gapotud'''=''baby elephant'' :*'''gepot'''=''rhinocerous'' :*'''kapot'''=''squirrel'' :*'''kepot'''=''polecat'' :*'''kipot'''=''badger'' :*'''klapot'''=''rat'' :*'''kyapot'''=''beaver'' :*'''kyepot'''=''ermine'' :*'''kyipot'''=''raccoon'' :*'''kyopot'''=''weasel'' :*'''kyupot'''=''ferret'' :*'''sapot'''=''hedgehog'' :*'''sepot'''=''porcupine'' :*'''sipot'''=''mole'' :*'''supot'''=''skunk'' :*'''vapot'''=''hart'' :*'''vepot'''=''reindeer'' :*'''vipot'''=''deer, roe deer, roebuck, stag, buck'' :*'''vupot'''=''chamois, fawn, chaffinch'' :*'''vyapot'''=''antelope'' :*'''vyepot'''=''gazelle'' :*'''vyipot'''=''elk, moose'' :*'''vyopot'''=''llama'' :*'''vyupot'''=''fallow deer'' :*'''vapot'''=''deer'' :*'''yuapot'''=''hare'' :*'''yupot'''=''wild rabbit'' :*'''zapot'''=''tortoise'' :*'''zipot'''=''zebra'' :*'''vepot''' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pet'''=''animal, land animal'' ::*'''tampet'''=''pet, house animal, domesticated animal'' ::*'''yagbixpet'''=''draught animal'' :*'''ifpet'''=''pet'' :*'''apet'''=''horse'' ::*'''aopet'''=''gelding'' ::*'''apeyt'''=''mare'' ::*'''apetud'''=''foal'' ::*'''tapekapet'''=''hobby horse, pommel horse'' ::*'''otamxwa apet'''=''bronco'' :*'''epet'''=''bull'' ::*'''epeyt'''=''cow'' ::*'''epetub'''=''calf'' ::*'''eapet'''=''buffalo'' ::*'''eopet'''=''ox, steer'' :::*'''yagteyub eopet'''=''longhorn'' :::*'''yogteyub eopet'''=''shorthorn'' :*'''fapet'''=''camel'' ::*'''fapeyt'''=''she-camel'' :*'''fepet'''=''dromedary'' :*'''fipet'''=''giraffe'' :*'''fuyepet'''=''cur, mongrel'' :*'''ipet'''=''ass'' ::*'''ipeyt'''=''she ass'' ::*'''ipetud'''=''donkey'' :*'''klapet'''=''mouse'' :*'''lapet'''=''llama'' :*'''lepet'''=''yak'' :*'''upet'''=''ram'' ::*'''upeyt'''=''ewe'' ::*'''uopet'''=''mutton, sheep'' ::*'''meb uopet'''=''mountain sheep'' :*'''yapet'''=''hog'' ::*'''yapeyt'''=''sow'' ::*'''yaypet'''=''pig'' :*'''yepet'''=''dog, hound'' :*'''yepeyt'''=''bitch'' ::*'''potkex yepet'''=''hound, hunting dog'' ::*'''yanmulxwa potnyanes yepet'''=''mixed breed dog'' ::*'''yuxlen yepet'''=''service dog'' :*'''yipet'''=''cat, feline'' ::*'''yipeyt'''=''she-cat'' ::*'''tamyipeyt'''=''tabby cat'' :*'''yopet'''=''goat, billy goat'' ::*'''yopeyt'''=''nanny goat'' ::*'''meb yopet'''=''mountain goat'' :*'''yupet'''=''rabbit'' |} {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightgreen;{{text default color}};" |- | REPTILES || FLYING REPTILES || BATRACHIANS ||MARSUPIALS||AQUATIC ANIMAL |- |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pyet'''=''reptile'' :*'''apyet'''=''lizard'' :*'''epyet'''=''cayman'' :*'''fapyet'''=''grass snake'' :*'''fepyet'''=''slug'' :*'''fipyet'''=''leech, bloodsucker'' :*'''ipyet'''=''crocodile'' :*'''kepyet'''=''gecko'' :*'''lapyet'''=''boa, boa constrictor'' :*'''lepyet'''=''cobra'' :*'''lipyet'''=''viper'' :*'''lopyet'''=''snake, serpent '' :*'''pyet'''=''reptile'' :*'''upyet'''=''alligator'' :*'''vapyet'''=''snail'' :*'''yopyet'''=''iguana'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''payet'''=''flying reptile'' :*'''apayet'''=''bat'' :*'''epayet'''=''vampire bat'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''piyet'''=''batrachian'' :*'''apiyet'''=''toad'' :*'''epiyet'''=''frog'' :*'''ipiyet'''=''tree frog'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''plet'''=''marsupial'' :*'''aplet'''=''kangaroo'' :*'''eplet'''=''koala'' :*'''yuplet'''=''hare'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''piot'''=''aquatic animal'' :*'''gapiot'''=''hippopotamus'' :*'''zapiot'''=''turtle'' |} {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightgreen;{{text default color}};" |- | INSECTS || FLYING INSECTS ||WORMS |- |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pelt'''=''insect, bug'' :*'''apelt'''=''spider'' :*'''apyelt'''=''scorpion'' :*'''epelt'''=''mite'' :*'''fapelt'''=''ant'' :*'''fepelt'''=''cockroach, roach'' :*'''fipelt'''=''locust'' :*'''fupelt'''=''snail'' :*'''kapelt'''=''louse'' :*'''kepelt'''=''woodlouse'' :*'''kipelt'''=''bug'' :*'''kopelt'''=''vermin'' :*'''kupelt'''=''black carpenter ant'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pelat'''=''flying insect'' :*'''apelat'''=''bee'' :*'''epelat'''=''wasp'' :*'''fapelat'''=''flea'' :*'''fepelat'''=''termite'' :*'''fipelat'''=''praying mantis'' :*'''gapelat'''=''sweat bee'' :*'''gepelat'''=''bumblebee'' :*'''gipelat'''=''honey bee'' :*'''gopelat'''=''hornet'' :*'''gupelat'''=''moth'' :*'''gyopelat'''=''mud dauber'' :*'''gyapelat'''=''yellowjacket'' :*'''ipelat'''=''horsefly, gadfly'' :*'''lapelat'''=''cockchafer, may bug'' :*'''lepelat'''=''beetle, scarab'' :*'''lipelat'''=''longhorn beetle'' :*'''tapelat'''=''cicada'' :*'''tepelat'''=''cricket'' :*'''tipelat'''=''grasshopper'' :*'''tupelat'''=''aphid'' :*'''upelat'''=''fly'' :*'''yopelat'''=''mosquito'' :*'''yapelat'''=''fruit fly'' :*'''yepelat'''=''sand fly'' :*'''yipelat'''=''dung fly'' :*'''yupelat'''=''blow fly'' :*'''kapelat'''=''gnat'' :*'''kepelat'''=''earwig'' :*'''kipelat'''=''lady bug'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''peyet'''=''worm'' :*'''apeyet'''=''silkworm'' :*'''epeyet'''=''flatworm'' :*'''ipeyet'''=''tapeworm'' :*'''upeyet'''=''fluke'' :*'''yopeyet'''=''threadworm'' :*'''yapeyet'''=''roundworm'' :*'''yepeyet'''=''hookworm'' :*'''yipeyet'''=''earthworm'' :*'''kapeyet'''=''centipede'' :*'''kepeyet'''=''millipede'' :*'''kipeyet'''=''glowworm'' :*'''kupeyet'''=''ringworm'' :*'''lapeyet'''=''woodworm'' :*'''lepeyet'''=''cutworm'' :*'''lipeyet'''=''angleworm'' :*'''lupeyet'''=''inchworm'' |} == Fish == {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightblue; {{text default color}};" |- | FISH || PREDATORY FISH|| CRUSTACEANS || MARINE MAMMALS || MOLLUSKS |- |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pit'''=''fish'' :*'''apit'''=''trout'' :*'''epit'''=''perch'' :*'''fapit'''=''shad'' :*'''fepit'''=''bluegill'' :*'''fipit'''=''catfish'' :*'''fupit'''=''bass'' :*'''gapit'''=''minnow'' :*'''gepit'''=''perch'' :*'''ipit'''=''pike'' :*'''lapit'''=''ray, skate'' :*'''lepit'''=''turbot'' :*'''lipit'''=''salmon'' :*'''lupit'''=''sole'' :*'''sapit'''=''herring'' :*'''sepit'''=''barbel'' :*'''sipit'''=''anchovy'' :*'''supit'''=''gilt-head, sea bream'' :*'''syapit'''=''hake'' :*'''syopit'''=''sardine'' :*'''tepit'''=''turbot'' :*'''upit'''=''carp'' :*'''vapit'''=''eel'' :*'''vepit'''=''sea horse'' :*'''yapit'''=''gudgeon, stud'' :*'''yepit'''=''stickleback'' :*'''yipit'''=''whiting'' :*'''yopit'''=''tench'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pyit'''=''predatory fish'' :*'''apyit'''=''shark'' :*'''bapyit'''=''jellyfish'' :*'''epyit'''=''dolphin'' :*'''ipyit'''=''sperm whale'' :*'''yapyit'''=''swordfish'' :*'''yepyit'''=''tuna'' :*'''yipyit'''=''sturgeon'' :*'''yopyit'''=''jellyfish'' :*'''yupyit'''=''cod'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''piit'''=''crustacean, barnacle, shellfish'' :*'''apiit'''=''lobster'' :*'''epiit'''=''crayfish, rock lobster, spiny lobster'' :*'''ipiit'''=''scampi, Dublin bay prawn'' :*'''lapiit'''=''crab'' :*'''lepiit'''=''squid'' :*'''upiit'''=''craw fish, crayfish'' :*'''yapiit'''=''shrimp'' :*'''yopiit'''=''prawn'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''peit'''=''sea mammal'' :*'''apeit'''=''whale'' :*'''epeit'''=''seal'' :*'''ipeit'''=''sea lion'' :*'''upeit'''=''manatee'' :*'''yopeit'''=''otter, sea otter'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''pyeit'''=''mollusk'' :*'''apyeit'''=''oyster'' :*'''epyeit'''=''mussel'' :*'''ipyeit'''=''clam'' :*'''upyeit'''=''octopus'' |} == Animal Noise Verbs == {| class="wikitable" style="border=0px" |style="vertical-align:top;width:33%;"| :*'''apader'''=''crow, cock-a-doodle''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apat''' (''cock'') :*'''apatuder'''=''cheep''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apatud''' (''chick'') :*'''apayder'''=''cluck''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apayt''' (''hen'') :*'''apayeder'''=''screech''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apayet''' (''bat'') :*'''apeder'''=''neigh, whinny''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apet''' (''horse'') :*'''apelader'''=''buzz''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apelat''' (''bee'') :*'''apyader'''=''squawk''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apyat''' (''eagle'') :*'''apyoder'''=''roar''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apyot''' (''lion'') :*'''bepader'''=''warble''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''bepat''' (''warbler'') :*'''bepyoder'''=''growl''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''bepyot''' (''bear'') :*'''bipader'''=''whistle''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''bipat''' (''sparrow'') :*'''eopeder'''=''low, moo, bellow''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''eopet''' (''ox'') :*'''eopetuder'''=''bleat''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''eopetot''' (''calf'') :*'''epader'''=''quack''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''epat''' (''duck'') :*'''epeder'''=''bellow, moo, snort''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''epet''' (''bull'') :*'''epeyder'''=''moo''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''epeyt''' (''cow'') :*'''epiyeder'''=''rivet, croak''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''epiyet''' (''frog'') :*'''epleder'''=''wail''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''eplet''' (''koala'') :*'''epyader'''=''scream''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''epyat''' (''vulture'') |style="vertical-align:top;width:33%;"| :*'''epyoder'''=''growl''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''epyot''' (''tiger'') :*'''fapader'''=''croak''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''fapat''' (''raven'') :*'''fapeder'''=''grunt''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''fapet''' (''camel'') :*'''fepader'''=''crow''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''fepat''' (''crow'') :*'''fipader'''=''chatter''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''fipat''' (''magpie'') :*'''fipeder'''=''bleat''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''fipet''' (''giraffe'') :*'''fyipader'''=''chatter''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''fyipat''' (''jay'') :*'''gapader'''=''bleep''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''gapat''' (''ostrich'') :*'''gapoder'''=''trumpet''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''gapot''' (''elephant'') :*'''ipader'''=''gobble''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''ipat''' (''turkey'') :*'''ipeder'''=''bray, heehaw, he-haw, hehaw''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''ipet''' (''donkey'') :*'''ipieder'''=''chitter''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''ipiet''' (''tree frog'') :*'''kepyeder'''=''go to-key, make a gecko noise''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''kepyet''' (''gecko'') :*'''klapeder'''=''squeak''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''klapet''' (''mouse'') :*'''lapeder'''=''growl''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''lapet''' (''llama'') :*'''lapyader'''=''hoot''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''lapyat''' (''owl'') :*'''lepelader'''=''drone''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''lepelat''' (''beetle'') :*'''lepyeder'''=''hiss''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''lepyet''' (''cobra'') :*'''lopyeder'''=''hiss''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''lopyet''' (''snake'') :*'''pader'''=''chirp, tweet''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pat''' (''bird'') |style="vertical-align:top;width:33%;"| :*'''petyader'''=''low''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''petyat''' (''cattle'') :*'''poder'''=''roar, bellow, shriek, howl, yell''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pot''' (''beast'') :*'''sapiader'''=''cry''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''sapiat''' (''swan'') :*'''tapader'''=''parrot''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''tapat''' (''parrot'') :*'''tapelader'''=''chirp''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''tapelat''' (''cicada'') :*'''tapiader'''=''honk''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''tapiat''' (''penquin'') :*'''bapyoder'''=''gibber''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''bapyot''' (''orangutan'') :*'''tepelader'''=''chirp''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''tepelat''' (''cricket'') :*'''bepyoder'''=''growl''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''bepyot''' (''bear'') :*'''upader'''=''honk''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''upat''' (''goose'') :*'''upeder'''=''bleat''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''upet''' (''ram'') :*'''upyoder'''=''howl''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''upyot''' (''wolf'') :*'''vapader'''=''pipe, beep''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''vapat''' (''nightingale'') :*'''vepoder'''=''bellow''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''vepot''' (''reindeer'') :*'''vyipoder'''=''bellow''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''vyipot''' (''elk'') :*'''yapader'''=''coo, cuckoo''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yapat''' (''pigeon'') :*'''yapeder'''=''grunt, snort, oink, squeal''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yapet''' (''hog'') :*'''yapeider'''=''chitter''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yapeit''' (''platypus'') :*'''yeapyoder'''=''howl, howling''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yeapyot''' (''jackal'') :*'''yepeder'''=''bark, go arf-arf''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yepet''' (''dog'') :*'''yepyoder'''=''howl with laughter, laugh, laugh like a hyena''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yepyot''' (''hyena'') :*'''yipeder'''=''meow, mew, purr''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yipet''' (''cat'') :*'''yipyoder'''=''growl''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yipyot''' (''tiger'') :*'''yiypeder'''=''purr''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yiypet''' (''kitten'') :*'''yopeder'''=''bray''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yopet''' (''goat'') :*'''yopeider'''=''groan''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yopeit''' (''walrus'') :*'''yopyoder'''=''yelp''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yopyot''' (''fox'') :*'''yupeder'''=''drum''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yupet''' (''rabbit'') :*'''zapader'''=''squeal''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''zapat''' (''swallow'') |} == Animal Movements == {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};" |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''apeper'''=''trot''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''ape(t)''' (''horse'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''apetigper'''=''gallop''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apetig''' (''steed'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''ipaper'''=''strut''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''ipat''' (''turkey'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''klapeper'''=''scurry''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''klapet''' (''mouse'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''lopyeper'''=''slither''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''lopyet''' (''snake'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''patubaser'''=''flutter''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''patub''' (''bird's wing'') + '''baser''' (''to stir'') :*'''paper'''=''fly''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pat''' (''bird'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''patuper'''=''flit''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''patub''' (''bird's wing'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''pelper'''=''crawl''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pelt''' (''insect'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''peper'''=''ride''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pet''' (''land animal'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''poteixer'''=''sniff''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pet''' (''land animal'') + '''(t)ei(b)''' (''nose'') + '''xer''' (''to do'') :*'''peyeper'''=''wiggle, insinuate, slither''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''peyet''' (''worm'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''piper'''=''cruise, swim, navigate''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pit''' (''fish'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''pitiyuper'''=''fishtail''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pitiyub''' (''fish tail'') + '''per''' (''to go'') :*'''potuloxer'''=''claw''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pot''' (''animal'') + '''(t)ulo(b)''' (''nail'') + '''xer''' (''to do'') :*'''potuloxer'''=''claw''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pot''' (''animal'') + '''(t)ulo(b)''' (''nail'') + '''xer''' (''to do'') :*'''potkobier'''=''poach''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pot''' (''animal'') + '''ko-''' (''secret'') + '''bier''' (''to take'') :*'''petyanbiker'''=''shepherd''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pet''' (''land animal'') + '''-yan''' (''aggregate'') + '''biker''' (''to care for'') :*'''yupeper'''=''hiphop''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yupet''' (''rabbit'') + '''per''' (''to go'') |} == Animal Parts == {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};" |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''apetayeb'''=''mane''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apet''' (''horse'') + '''(t)ayeb''' (''hair'') :*'''apetayob'''=''horsehide''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apet''' (''horse'') + '''(t)ayob''' (''skin, hide'') :*'''bepyotayob'''=''fuzz''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apet''' (''bear'') + '''(t)ayeb''' (''hair'') :*'''gateib'''=''trunk'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''ga(pot)''' (''elephant'') + '''(t)eib''' (''nose'') :*'''gateupib'''=''tusk'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''ga(pot)''' (''elephant'') + '''(t)eupib''' (''tooth'') :*'''patayeb'''=''feather''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pat''' (''bird'') + '''(t)ayeb''' (''hair'') :*'''patayebub'''=''quill''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pat''' (''bird'') + '''(t)ayeb''' (''hair'') + '''(t)ub''' (''limb, appendage'') :*'''pateub'''=''beak, bill''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pat''' (''bird'') + '''(t)eib''' (''nose'') :*'''patijayob'''=''eggshell'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pat''' (''bird'') + '''ij''' (''start'') + '''(t)ayob''' (''skin, hide'') :*'''patikeb'''=''gizzard'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pat''' (''bird'') + '''(t)ikeb''' (''stomach'') :*'''patub'''=''wing''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pat''' (''bird'') + '''(t)ub''' (''limb'') :*'''patulob'''=''claw'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pat''' (''bird'') + '''(t)ulob''' (''nail'') :*'''petayeb'''=''coat, fur'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pet''' (''land animal'') + '''(t)ayeb''' (''hair'') :*'''piitayob'''=''shell, scallop, conch''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''piit''' (''crustacean'') + '''(t)ayob''' (''skin, hide'') :*'''pitayeb'''=''scale''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pit''' (''fish'') + '''(t)ayeb''' (''hair'') :*'''piteab'''=''fisheye''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pit''' (''fish'') + '''(t)eab''' (''eye'') :*'''piteab'''=''fisheye''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pit''' (''fish'') + '''(t)eab''' (''eye'') :*'''poteob'''=''jowl''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pit''' (''fish'') + '''(t)eob''' (''cheek'') :*'''poteuf'''=''muzzle''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pot''' (''animal'') + '''(t)euf''' (''mouth covering'') :*'''poteub'''=''mug''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pot''' (''animal'') + '''(t)eub''' (''mouth'') :*'''potieb'''=''gill''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pit''' (''fish'') + '''(t)ieb''' (''lung'') :*'''potub'''=''paw''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pot''' (''animal'') + '''(t)ub''' (''limb'') :*'''potulob'''=''claw''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''pot''' (''animal'') + '''(t)ulob''' (''nail'') :*'''tostub'''=''antenna''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''tos-''' (''sense'') + '''(t)ub''' (''appendage'') :*'''upatayeb'''=''(goose) down''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''upat''' (''goose'') + '''(t)ayeb''' (''hair'') :*'''vepoteyub'''=''antler'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''vepot''' (''reindeer'') + '''(t)eyub''' (''horn'') :*'''vyupotayeb'''=''suede'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''vyupot''' (''doe'') + '''(t)ayeb''' (''hair'') :*'''yipetayeyb'''=''whisker'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''yipet''' (''cat'') + '''(t)ayeyb''' (''small hair'') :*'''zapiotayob'''=''turtle shell'' &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''zapiot''' (''turtle'') + '''(t)ayob''' (''skin'') |} == Animal Dwellings == {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightyellow;{{Text default color}};" |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''apatam'''=''chicken coop, henhouse''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apat''' (''cock'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''apelatam'''=''beehive, hive''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apelat''' (''bee'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''apetam'''=''stable''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''apet''' (''horse'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''bepyotam'''=''den, bear cave''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''bepyot''' (''bear'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''fapeltam'''=''ant colony, anthill''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''fapelt''' (''ant'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''patam'''=''bird's nest, nest''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pat''' (''bird'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''pattujem'''=''roost, perch''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''pat''' (''bird'') + '''tuj-''' (''sleep'') + '''(n)em''' (''place'') :*'''yapetam'''=''pigsty, pigpen''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yapet''' (''pig'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''yepetam'''=''doghouse''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yepet''' (''dog'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''yipyotam'''=''tiger den''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yipyot''' (''tiger'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') :*'''yupetam'''=''rabbit hutch''&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size:120%;"><</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''yipyot''' (''rabbit'') + '''(t)am''' (''house'') |} == Horse Vocabulary == {| class="wikitable" style="background: brown;{{Text default color}};" |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''ab apet'''=''on horseback'' :*'''apet ebkyax'''=''horse trade'' ::*'''apet ebkyaxut'''=''horse trader'' :*'''apet fyisyan'''=''harness'' :*'''apet meup'''=''horse trail'' :*'''apet pyexegar'''=''horsewhip'' :*'''apet'''=''horse, equus'' ::*'''apeta'''=''equine, horse-related'' :*'''apetag'''=''stallion'' :*'''apetam'''=''stable, horse stable'' :*'''apetaob'''=''horseflesh'' ::*'''apetaol'''=''horse meat'' :*'''apetap uzun'''=''stirrup'' :*'''apetapa'''=''mounted, on horseback, equestrian'' ::*'''apetapa dep'''=''cavalry'' ::*'''apetapa dopat'''=''mounted soldier, horse soldier, mounted trooper'' ::*'''apetapa valdibut'''=''mounted police, ranger, mounty'' :*'''apetapek'''=''horse race, derby'' ::*'''apetapekam'''=''hippodrome, racetrack'' ::*'''apetapekmep'''=''racetrack'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| ::*'''apetapekut'''=''horse racer, jockey'' :*'''apetapen'''=''horse riding, mounting, equitation'' ::*'''apetaper'''=''mount a horse, get on a horse'' ::*'''apetaput'''=''mounty, ranger, hussar, cavalier, chevalier, equestrian'' ::*'''apetaputa taz'''=''equestrian statue'' ::*'''apetaputyan'''=''cavalry'' :*'''apetavyul'''=''road apple, horseshit'' :*'''apetayeb'''=''horsehair'' ::*'''apetayebyag'''=''mane, horse mane'' :*'''apetayob'''=''horsehide'' :*'''apetaz'''=''mustang'' :*'''apetbixwa belir'''=''horse-drawn carriage, buggy'' :*'''apetbixwa kyispir'''=''horse-drawn carriage'' :*'''apeteb'''=''horse head'' ::*'''apetebnuf'''=''headstall'' :*'''apetek'''=''horse play'' ::*'''apeteken'''=''horsing around'' ::*'''apeteker'''=''horse around'' ::*'''apetekir'''=''carousel, merry-go-round'' :*'''apetibuj'''=''horsetail'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''apetif'''=''horsey'' :*'''apetig'''=''steed, stud, racehorse'' ::*'''apetiga'''=''cursorial'' ::*'''apetigpekam'''=''hippodrome'' ::*'''apetigper'''=''gallop, run like a horse'' :*'''apetikubil'''=''horseshit'' :*'''apetim'''=''stall, horse stall'' :*'''apetog'''=''pony, colt, horsey'' ::*'''apetoyg'''=''filly'' :*'''apetpar'''=''horse and buggy, horse-driven carriage, coach, hackney, carriage, buggy'' ::*'''apetparizbut'''=''coachman'' :*'''apetsim'''=''saddle'' ::*'''apetsimaben'''=''saddling'' ::*'''apetsimaber'''=''saddle, saddle up'' ::*'''apetsimabwa'''=''saddled'' ::*'''apetsimaper'''=''get onto the saddle, hop on'' ::*'''apetsimoben'''=''unsaddling'' ::*'''apetsimober'''=''unsaddle'' ::*'''apetsimobwa'''=''unsaddled'' ::*'''apetsimoper'''=''get down from the saddle, dismount'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''apetud'''=''foal'' :*'''apetug'''=''nag'' :*'''apetuka par'''=''horseless carriage'' :*'''apetyafon'''=''horsepower, horse-power'' ::*'''apetyafonuwa'''=''horse-powered'' ::*'''apetyafonxwa'''=''horse-powered, horse-driven'' :*'''apetyem'''=''corral'' :*'''apetyen'''=''horsemanship, equitation'' :*'''apetyoyab'''=''hoof'' :*'''apetyoyaf'''=''horse shoe, horseshoe'' ::*'''apetyoyafaben'''=''shoeing a horse'' ::*'''apetyoyafaber'''=''shoe a horse'' ::*'''apetyoyafam'''=''blacksmith shop'' ::*'''apetyoyafut'''=''blacksmith'' :*'''apetyoyapen'''=''trotting'' ::*'''apetyoyaper'''=''gallop, trot, walk like a horse'' ::*'''domapetaput'''=''mounted police, ranger, mounty'' :*'''dopapetaput'''=''ranger, horse soldier, mounted trooper'' :*'''eapet'''=''buffalo'' :*'''eopetyan'''=''cattle, livestock'' ::*'''eopetyan agxen'''=''cattle-raising'' ::*'''eopetyan agxut'''=''cattle raiser, cowboy'' :*'''elyam apet'''=''iron horse, locomotive, train'' :*'''enapetbixwa belir'''=''curricle'' :*'''fizapetaput'''=''knight, chevalier'' ::*'''fizapetaputan'''=''knighthood'' ::*'''fizapetaputxer'''=''knight'' ::*'''fizapetaputxwa'''=''knighted'' ::*'''fizapetaputyen'''=''chivalry'' ::*'''fizapetaputyena'''=''chivalrous'' :*'''ifekapet'''=''hobbyhorse, rocking horse'' :*'''inapetpir'''=''troika'' :*'''otamxwa apet'''=''bronco'' :*'''tapekapet'''=''pommel horse, gym horse, long horse, vaulting horse'' :*'''ummagelwa yapetyob'''=''baked ham'' :*'''yafonuwa bey apet'''=''horse-powered'' |} == Animal Meats == {| class="wikitable" style="background: #ff8000;{{Text default color}};" |- | ANIMAL (PART)|| MEAT |- | '''taob'''=''flesh'' || '''taol'''=''meat'' |- | '''yapet'''=''hog'' || '''yapel'''=''pork'' |- | '''yapetzotib'''=''hog's back'' || '''yapetzol'''=''bacon'' |- | '''yapetyob'''=''hog's leg'' || '''yapetyol'''=''ham'' |- | '''yapetaob'''=''hog's flesh'' || '''yapetaol'''=''sausage'' |- | '''eopet'''=''ox'' || '''eopel'''=''beef'' |- | '''epetud'''=''calf'' || '''epetul'''=''veal'' |- | '''apaytud'''=''chicken'' || '''apaytul'''=''chicken'' |- | '''uopet'''=''sheep'' || '''uopel'''=''mutton'' |- | '''uopet'''=''sheep'' || '''uopetikel'''=''tripe'' |- | '''uopet'''=''sheep'' || '''u(ope)tayef'''=''wool'' |- | '''apelat'''=''bee'' || '''apelatil'''=''honey'' |- | '''apelat'''=''bee'' || '''apelatyel'''=''beeswax'' |- | '''pit'''=''fish'' || '''pityel'''=''fish oil'' |} == Animal Collectives == {| class="wikitable" style="background: #bfff00;{{Text default color}};" |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''potyan'''=''animalia, animal kingdom'' :*'''potnyan'''=''herd'' :*'''petyan'''=''flock'' :*'''apelatyan'''=''swarm of bees'' :*'''fapeltyan'''=''swarm of ants'' :*'''peltyan'''=''swarm'' :*'''patayebyan'''=''plumage'' :*'''yipetudyan'''=''litter, litter of cats'' :*'''yopetyan'''=''goatherd'' :*'''patyan'''=''flock of bird'' :*'''apetaputyan'''=''cavalry'' :*'''apatyan'''=''poultry'' :*'''eopetyan'''=''cattle'' :*'''patijbwatyean'''=''brood'' :*'''yapetyan'''=''swine'' :*'''upyotyan'''=''pack of wolves'' :*'''yepetyan'''=''pack of dogs, pack'' :*'''yepetudyan'''=''litter of pups'' :*'''apayetan'''=''cloud of bat'' :*'''bepotyan'''=''sloth of bears'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''fapetyan'''=''caravan'' :*'''pityan'''=''school of fish'' :*'''upatyan'''=''gaggle'' :*'''bipotyan'''=''band of gorillas'' :*'''apyotyan'''=''pride of lions'' :*'''bapotyan'''=''barrel of monkeys'' :*'''eopetyan'''=''yoke of oxen'' :*'''eopeteon'''=''pair of oxen'' :*'''klapotyan'''=''colony of rats'' :*'''lopetyan'''=''nest of snakes'' :*'''ipatyan'''=''rafter of turkeys'' :*'''apeityan'''=''pod of whales'' :*'''sapiatyan'''=''bevy, bevy of swans'' :*'''kapotyan'''=''drawy of squirrels'' :*'''yapetyan'''=''drove of pigs'' :*'''mimkupetyan'''=''family of otters'' :*'''apletyan'''=''troop of kangaroos'' :*'''yopotyan'''=''skulk, skulk of foxes'' :*'''gapotyan'''=''parade, parade of elephants'' :*'''yipetyan'''=''chowder, chowder of cats'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''kipotyan'''=''cete, cete of badgets'' :*'''eatpetyan'''=''gang of buffalo'' :*'''zapiotyan'''=''bale of turtles'' :*'''lipyetyan'''=''nest of vipers'' |} == Other Animal Vocabulary == {| class="wikitable" style="background: lightblue; {{text default color}};" |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''poot'''=''creature'' :*'''pottun'''=''zoology'' ::*'''pottuna'''=''zoological'' ::*'''pottut'''=''zoologist'' :*'''potdem'''=''zoo'' ::*'''potdemut'''=''zookeeper'' :*'''potkexer'''=''hunt'' ::*'''potkexen'''=''hunting'' ::*'''potkexut'''=''hunter'' ::*'''potkexwat'''=''prey'' ::*'''potkexwas'''=''game'' :*'''potpexer'''=''trap'' ::*'''potpexen'''=''trapping'' ::*'''potpexut'''=''trapper'' ::*'''potpexwa'''=''trapped'' ::*'''potpexar'''=''trap'' :*'''potnyan'''=''herd'' ::*'''potnyaner'''=''to herd'' ::*'''potnyanen'''=''herding'' ::*'''potnyanut'''=''herder'' :*'''petyan'''=''flock'' ::*'''petyander'''=''to low'' ::*'''petyanut'''=''shepherd'' ::*'''petyanuta'''=''pastoral'' ::*'''petyanem'''=''pasture'' :*'''potnyem'''=''animal cage'' ::*'''potnyember'''=''to cage'' ::*'''potnyembwa'''=''caged'' :*'''pottojber'''=''slaughter'' ::*'''pottojbam'''=''slaughterhouse'' ::*'''pottojbut'''=''slayer'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| :*'''potijber'''=''spawn, breed'' ::*'''potijben'''=''spawning, breeding'' ::*'''potijbwa'''=''spawned, bred'' ::*'''potijbea'''=''spawning, breeding'' ::*'''potijbwatyan'''=''brood'' :*'''patijber'''=''hatch, lay an egg'' ::*'''patijben'''=''hatching'' ::*'''patijbwa'''=''hatched'' ::*'''patijbwat'''=''hatchling'' ::*'''patijbam'''=''hatchery'' ::*'''peltij'''=''pupa'' ::*'''peltjasan'''=''larva'' ::*'''prlyjesdsn'''=''maggot'' :*'''potagxer'''=''breed, raise'' ::*'''potagxen'''=''breeding'' ::*'''potagxut'''=''breeder'' ::*'''potagxwa'''=''bred'' :*'''potif'''=''pet'' ::*'''potifnam'''=''pet store'' ::*'''potiftel'''=''pet food'' ::*'''potifbeut'''=''pet owner'' ::*'''potifdeym'''=''dog park'' :*'''potud'''=''fledgling, yearling, cub'' :*'''potyanar'''=''yoke'' ::*'''potyanarer'''=''yoke'' ::*'''potyanarwa'''=''yoked'' :*'''potyuf'''=''zoophobia'' ::*'''potyufa'''=''zoophobic'' :*'''potsum'''=''litter'' :*'''petkobier'''=''poach'' |style="vertical-align:top;"| ::*'''petkobien'''=''poaching'' ::*'''petkobiwa'''=''poached'' ::*'''petkobiut'''=''poacher'' :*'''petmoper'''=''to burrow'' ::*'''petmopen'''=''burrowing'' :*'''potayez'''=''fur'' ::*'''potayez nuien'''=''fur trade'' ::*'''potayezut'''=''furrier'' ::*'''potayez-obkofwa'''=''fur-lined'' :*'''petbek'''=''animal care'' ::*'''petbektun'''=''veterinary'' ::*'''petbektut'''=''veterinarian'' :*'''patij'''=''egg'' :*'''anteyupet'''=''unicorn'' :*'''yufpyot'''=''monster'' :*'''tobupyot'''=''werewolf'' |} <noinclude> {{Chapter navigation with TOC|Flora|Human_Body|TOC mini}}</noinclude> 92akv2yszlfaykrjoya5q4qef09ciiq 0 433393 4673530 4469836 2026-10-01T19:08:09Z ~2026-52889-44 3627361 updated it 4673530 wikitext text/x-wiki ---- :''This guide was imported from StrategyWiki, and the images are yet to be added.'' ---- [[File:SMB2 FDS cover.jpg|thumb|Game cover]] '''''Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels''''' is a sequel to the original ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'', and it was originally released for the Famicom Disk System on June 3, 1986, exclusively in Japan, and was titled '''''Super Mario Bros. 2'''''. The game is very similar to its predecessor, both graphically and in terms of gameplay (the [[Super Mario Bros./Gameplay#Controls|controls]] are essentially identical.) Unlike ''Super Mario Bros.'', it does not have a two-player mode (the player must choose to play as either Mario or Luigi). It contains one new enemy, backward Warp Zones, wind, and Poison Mushrooms. It is also the first game in which Luigi has a higher jump than Mario. Because of its high difficulty and similarity to the original ''Super Mario Bros.'', the original game was not released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in America. For this reason, Nintendo released a different game, also titled ''[[Super Mario Bros. 2]]'', outside Japan, and would come to be officially titled ''Super Mario USA'' in Japan. It was not until 1993 until the game released outside of Japan, for the Super Nintendo compilation title, ''{{wp|Super Mario All-Stars}}'', which is where it earned its overseas title, ''Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels''. In ''[[Super Mario Bros. Deluxe]]'', the game was featured as an unlockable mode that could be accessed by beating Luigi's high score, and was referred to as ''Super Mario Bros. for Super Players''. However, it could only make use of one save file. The original Famicom Disk System version was re-released for the Game Boy Advance, exclusively in Japan, as part of the Famicom Mini series. This version was first made available overseas when it was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2007 and later for both the Nintendo 3DS's and Wii U's Virtual Console services as well. ==Table of contents== {{Book search}} {{Print version}} ;[[/Walkthrough/]] *[[/World 1/]] *[[/World 2/]] *[[/World 3/]] *[[/World 4/]] *[[/World 5/]] *[[/World 6/]] *[[/World 7/]] *[[/World 8/]] *[[/World 9/]] *[[/World A/]] *[[/World B/]] *[[/World C/]] *[[/World D/]] ;Miscellaneous * [[/Coin Rooms|Coin Rooms, Heavens, & Warp Zones]] * [[/Advanced Techniques/]] {{StrategyWiki}} {{status|100%}} {{Shelves|Mario|Strategy guides}} 8ig8hd5pg8hsi8thc3dh56qpf2p6jqr 0 434692 4673493 4299640 2026-10-01T16:23:30Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4673493 wikitext text/x-wiki <p style="clear: both;"></p> {{OpenRewi/Chapter-Top}} <p style="clear: both;"></p> <!--Please do not delete the part above this comment--> <big>'''Author:''' Lucas Carlos Lima, Raffaela Kunz, Bernardo Mageste Castelar Campos </big> <blockquote>'''Required knowledge:''' </blockquote>[[Public International Law/Nature and Purpose of International Law|§2.2. Consen]]<nowiki/>t [[Public International Law/Nature and Purpose of International Law/Enforcement|§2.3 Enforcement]] § 6 [[Public International Law/Sources of International Law/Customary Law|Sources]] [[Public International Law/Sources of International Law/Treaty Law|§ 6.1.Treaty Law]] [[Public International Law/Sources of International Law|§ 6.2. Customary International Law]] [[Public International Law/Interaction|§ 5 Interactions]] '''Learning objectives:''' Understanding the secondary sources of international law as listed in Art. 38 of the ICJ Statute; understanding the sources beyond Art. 38 of the ICJ Statute and their function; understanding the role the normative production of non-state subjects - such as international organizations - as sources of international law; understanding the role of soft law and scholarly production on the development of international law. <!--Please enter the learning objective for your chapter--> ==A. Introduction == Besides treaty law, customary international law and general principles of law, Art. 38 of the ICJ Statute in a further sub-paragraph lists "subsidiary means of international law", namely judicial decisions and "the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations". The word "subsidiary" has been interpreted by most authors as meaning that judicial decisions and teachings are not formal sources themselves, but rather serve as evidence of the existence of the three formal sources.<ref name=":1">Alain Pellet/Daniel Müller, Art. 38, in Andreas Zimmermann, Christian J. Tams, Karin Oellers-Frahm, and Christian Tomuschat, The Statute of the International Court of Justice : A Commentary (OUP 2019), para. 338.</ref> In light of this, it has been argued that the term "auxiliaire" used in the French version more adequately describes the function of jurisprudence and doctrine.<ref name=":1" /> Rather than providing guidance in a subordinate way if the formal sources give no clear answer, these two means serve as tools to elucidate the existence of norms of international law. However, it is recognized today that the distinction between formal sources and subsidiary means is not as clear-cut as it might seem. For example, while judicial decisions are only listed as "subsidiary means", it is becoming increasingly recognized that in light of the indeterminacy of the law, international norms only come to life once interpreted by courts. Indeterminacy not only refers to the fact that international legal obligations are often phrased in vague terms, leaving room for divergent interpretations. More fundamentally, language as such is indeterminate, and meaning is only established through interpretation.<ref name=":0">Venzke, I, How Interpretation Makes International Law: On Semantic Change and Normative Twists. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012, 66. </ref> In this sense, judicial decisions undoubtedly play a considerable role in the clarification and thus also the making of formal international law.<ref>See on this Armin von Bogdandy and Ingo Venzke (eds), ‘Beyond Dispute: International Judicial Institutions as Lawmakers’ Special Issue (2011) 12 German Law Journal 979–1370.</ref> It is well-established today that the "list" contained in Art. 38 of the ICJ statute is not conclusive and that further sources of law beyond Art. 38 exist. This is especially the case for soft law, which plays an ever greater role in today's globalized and multi-polar world order. Also acts of international organizations, so-called "secondary law", are increasingly relevant. Besides these sources, unilateral declarations have come to be recognized as further sources beyond Art. 38 ICJ Statute. ==B. Subsidiary Statutory Sources (Art. 38(1)(d) ICJ Statute) == === I. Judicial Decisions=== ==== 1. Judicial Decisions as sources of law ==== When an international court or tribunal renders a judicial decision, it becomes binding upon the parties to the dispute. While the bindingness of a specific judicial decision can be traced to the [[Public International Law/Nature and Purpose of International Law/Consent|consent]] given by the parties to the adjudicative body, the general obligation to respect judicial decisions stems from the ''pacta sunt servanda'' principle. In this sense, an international judicial decision creates ''lex inter partes (''law between the parties'')''. The extent to which that decision is capable of creating law for the community as a whole is open to discussion. Since international judicial decisions are currently an unavoidable part of the judicial legal system and might perform distinct functions within different legal regimes (e.g. trade law, human rights law, international criminal law), it is not possible to generalize the role of decisions as sources of international law. As a member of the International Law Commission aptly put it “[t]he weight of judicial decisions and scholarly works vary, depending on the tribunal and relevant field of international law.”<ref>Charles C. Jalloh, Subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, International Law Commission, A/76/10, 188.</ref> To understand the role international judicial decisions play in the international legal order, this section shall investigate the role relegated to them in the Statute of the International Court of Justice and other normative international instruments (2.); how international courts employ judicial decisions in their reasoning (3.); the way in which the International Law Commission employs international judicial decisions in its recent projects to identify sources of international law (4.) and; finally discuss the existence of the rule of precedents in international law (5.). ==== 2. The normative approach of Art. 38, 1., d) of the ICJ Statute: subsidiarity in relation to other sources. ==== The Advisory Committee of Jurists responsible for drafting the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice had to face the question of which position judicial decisions should occupy. Baron Descamps’ proposal to include “international jurisprudence as a means for the application and development of law”<ref>Procès-verbaux [1920] 306.</ref> as applicable law was ruled out and, instead, judicial decisions were put together with the teaching of publicists in a secondary position. Article 38(1)(d) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice prescribes that the Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law, shall apply judicial decisions as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law. Additionally, the subsidiary application of judicial decisions in relation to the other three main sources envisaged in Article 38 (treaties, custom and principles) is subject to the provisions of Article 59, which sets forth that the decision of the Court “has no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular case". In a legal order predominantly characterized by decentralized methods of normative production, it is not surprising that judicial decisions occupy a prominent place of importance, despite its subsidiary place in Article’s 38 order. While it is true that “the Court, as a court of law, cannot render judgment sub specie ''legis ferendae''<ref>ICJ. Fisheries Jurisdiction (United Kingdom v Iceland) (Merits) (Judgment) [1974] ICJ Rep 53</ref>, or anticipate the law before the legislator has laid it down”, on several occasions judicial decisions might be influential in shaping the law in a certain field. The expression “judicial decision” present in Article 38 has been broadly interpreted. While, in the past, the predominance of the International Court of Justice has prompted a debate on the weight of its decisions, the multiplication of international courts and tribunals has added layers to the debate. Moreover, it seems to be an agreed interpretation of that rule that it also comprises decisions rendered by municipal courts to the extent that they are “subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law”. As we shall examine later, decisions of municipal courts are particularly relevant as an element of state practice, one of the two elements of [[Public International Law/Sources of International Law/Customary Law|customary rules]]. Much has been written on the importance of Article 38(1)(d) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice to frame the debate on the importance of judicial decisions as sources of international law. Other normative indications can be hardly found in the rules of other international courts and tribunals<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thirlway |first=Hugh |title=Sources of International Law |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2019 |edition=2nd |location=Oxford |language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sorensen |first=Max |title=Les sources du droit international |publisher=Einar Munksgaard |year=1946 |edition=1st |location=Copenhagen |language=FR}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Oppenheim's International Law Volume 1 Peace |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |editor-last=Jennings |editor-first=Robert |edition=9th |location=Oxford |language=EN}}</ref> A rare exception is Article 21(2) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which establishes that “the Court may apply principles and rules of law as interpreted in its previous decisions”. While a more flexible rule in comparison with Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute, Article 21(2), which is a much more recent rule, also puts emphasis on the fact that the previous decisions are interpreters of rules and principles and not sources ''per se''. Nonetheless, this normative indication reveals a trend within international courts and tribunals: the importance that previous judicial decisions possess in relation to the own case-law of a court and tribunal. While this lacking normative guidance on the role of decisions reinforces the subsidiary character of judicial decisions as mere tools in the identification of the more classic rules of international closely associated to the consent of States (treaties, customary law, principles), this perception might be wrong. The multiplication of judicial instances and their different functions in international society might suggest otherwise. As put by an author, “there has long been no room for doubt that international law has become very much a case law.”<ref>RY Jennings, What is International Law and How Do We Tell It When We See It?' [1981] 37 Schweitzerisches Jahrbuch für lnternationales Recht  (1981) 41</ref> There has even been some scholarly discussion concerning whether judicial decisions are formal sources of international law. The answer varies according to one’s own conception of the legal field. While to some a negative answ<!er is easily defensible<ref>A Pellet, Decisions of the ICJ as Sources of International Law?, 2 Gaetano Morelli Lectures Series (2018) 7-63.</ref>, more nuanced approaches such as “quasi-formal”<ref>GG Fitzmaurice, Some problems regarding the formal sources of international law, Symbolae Verzijl (Nijhoff 1958) 153-176.</ref> sources might appear, with different degrees of normativity being attributed to judicial decisions, depending on the field in which they appear. Less discussable is the fact that judicial decisions might be highly authoritative<ref>On this issue, see, among others, L Condorelli, L’autorité de la décision des juridictions internationales permanentes, in Société française pour le droit international, La Juridiction internationale (Pedone 1987) 277–313;</ref> within the international legal discourse. Treaties, custom and general principles, when interpreted or applied by international courts, can create obligations to States and other subjects of international law. Unless action is taken to the contrary, the application or interpretation of a rule made by an international court tends to assume the more recent understanding of such a rule. While States, International Organizations and other subjects might disagree with a judicial decision, it is binding upon the parties and serves as a guide to the other members of the community as the most appropriate way to perceive the rule.  ==== 3. Judicial decisions in the practice of international courts and tribunals ==== ===== 3.1. Do international tribunals use judicial decisions authoritatively? ===== An important field of observation to understand the authority of judicial decisions is international litigation. In other words, a good means for identifying the legal value of judicial decisions is to observe the importance attributed to them when a court or tribunal settles a dispute between subjects of international law. Other indications may be equally important. For instance, evaluating the influence or impact of a certain judicial decision in the work of codification performed by the International Law Commission<ref>On this topic, see FL Bordin, Reflections of customary international law: The authority of codification conventions and ilc draft articles in international law [2014] 63 International and Comparative Law 535</ref>, the practice of States, or eventually how certain decisions were transformed into treaty law. An illustrative example in this regard can be found in the field of the Law of the Sea, in which the International Court of Justice was considerably influential in some areas such as maritime delimitation.<ref>V Lowe, A Tzanakopoulos, The Development of the Law of the Sea by the International Court of Justice, in CJ Tams, J Sloan (eds) The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice (OUP 2013) 177.</ref> Be that as it may, it is not always possible to identify areas which clearly developed an account of judicial decisions. Given that international courts and tribunals are often called upon to apply international law, the use of international decisions by international courts can be a relevant indication of the value of their authority. There could even be instances where judicial decisions exert more subtle, informal influence on the legal field, irrigating debates or forming a repository of arguments that become unavoidable to understand the development of a certain field of international law. A perusal on the jurisprudence of international courts will reveal the tendency of judicial bodies to refer authoritatively to their previous decisions. They do so either to reinforce the interpretation of a given rule or as a shortcut to the legal reasoning previously espoused. In both cases, the court or tribunal contributes to the consolidation of such a rule, apart from the possibility of developing the content of the law. The high reference to its own jurisprudence by international courts, and in particular to the International Court of Justice, raised the question of the existence of the rule of mandatory precedent, the rule of ''stare decisis'', as one of the rules of the international legal order. However, in the current state of international law, there do not seem to be any elements that confirm the existence of this rule.<ref>See, for instance, M Shahabuddeen, Precedent in the World Court (CUP 2010); M Forteau, Les décisions juridictionnelles comme précédent, in Société Française pour le Droit International, Le précédent en droit international (Pédone, 2016) 87-112; MBENGUE, Makane Moïse. Precedent. In: Jean d’Aspremont and Sahib Singh. Concepts for International Law. Cheltenham : E. Elgar, 2019. p. 708-718. For a more recent reading of the phenomenon, see JG Devaney, The Role of Precedent in the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice: A Constructive Interpretation [2022] Leiden Journal of International Law, First view, 1.</ref> International courts and tribunals are not bound to follow their own decisions. Despite this, the International Court of Justice has adamantly recognized in 2015 that <blockquote>“To the extent that the decisions contain findings of law, the Court will treat them as it treats all previous decisions: that is to say that, while those decisions are in no way binding on the Court, it will not depart from its settled jurisprudence unless it finds very particular reasons to do so”.<ref>Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia), Merits, Judgment of 3 February 2015, [2015] ICJ Rep., at 3, para. 54</ref></blockquote>This passage is revealing for at least three reasons. First, it seems to confirm that is not the decision ''per se'' that constitutes a source, but the “findings of law” that it renders. Second, the Court confirms the non-existence of the ''stare decisis'' rules since the decisions are “in no way binding”. At the same time, the Court seems to establish a presumption that its previous decisions will be followed if there are no compelling reasons that lead it to diverge from its past decisions. This presumption can be justified on different grounds. On the one hand, there is the assurance to future litigants that similar situations will be treated similarly. Such approach reaffirms important legal values ​​such as predictability, clarity and, to a certain extent, uniformity and consistency of international law. Overall, the protection of these values ​​reinforces the legitimacy of an international court and the perception that the equality of the parties is fully preserved. This might be a good explanation why different international courts follow a similar path of self-reference and reverence to their previous decisions or even decisions of other international courts.<ref>See, for instance, E De Brabandere, The Use of Precedent and External Case Law by the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea [2016] 15(1) The Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 24; Y Lupu, E Voeten, Precedent in International Courts: A Network Analysis of Case Citations by the European Court of Human Rights [2012] 42 British Journal of Political Science 413; ITLOS, ''The “Grand Prince” Case (Belize v. France)'', Prompt Release, Judgment of 20 April 2001, para. 78; ITLOS, The M/V “Louisa” Case (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Kingdom of Spain), Judgment of 28 May 2013, para. 81; United States Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, WTO Appellate Body Report, 12 October 1998, WT/DS58/AB/R, para. 67; Al-Adsani v United Kingdom (App no 35763/97) ECHR 21 November 2001, paras 60-61.</ref> ===== 3.2. Is there a distinction in legal value between decisions of international courts? ===== Although the presumption that decisions of international courts will be relied upon in the future, unless particular reasons prompt the court or tribunal to go a different direction, some questions emerge from this practice of self-reference regarding previous decisions. A first question is whether all judicial decisions have the same impact on the international legal order. A second question regards the contribution of decisions of international courts to shaping the specific field where they are situated. Since every international court and tribunal was designed with a unique purpose and according to specific contextual and social needs, the decisions they render do not carry the same weight. In this regard, there appears to exist a presumption that a certain tribunal's first duty is to pay tribute to its own case-law before looking beyond its premises. Nonetheless, recent times have witnessed a greater use of external precedents by international courts, a phenomenon frequently called as cross-fertilization. The reference to the case law of other courts seems to obey a logic of speciality, meaning that the specific function of a judicial body places it in a privileged position for the identification, application and interpretation of certain rules. In this regard, the International Court of Justice has observed that<blockquote>"[w]hen the court is called upon […] to apply a regional instrument for the protection of human rights, it must take due account of the interpretation of that instrument adopted by the independent bodies which have been specifically created, if such has been the case, to monitor the sound application of the treaty in question."<ref>Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Rep. of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of Congo), Merits, Judgment, 2010 I.C.J. Rep. 639, 664, para 67.</ref></blockquote>The speciality criteria can illustrate why certain courts refer to others. It offers a presumption of unity in the international legal system. Even though each international court and tribunal remains the master of its own case-law' interpretation, other judicial bodies are free to resort to "external" jurisprudence in order to decide the disputes they are called to. It is no overstretch to affirm that the phenomenon of cross-fertilization has acted as a counterforce to the tendencies of fragmentation in international law, since it is highly capable of promoting harmony between international courts on very specific and often contentious issues. Earlier jurisprudence of a given tribunal may inform future judges of other courts when deciding disputes involving similar factual backgrounds or the ascertainment and interpretation of the same norms. A clear example is the use of regional human rights courts' case law by the International Court of Justice when it is called on resolve disputes relating to human rights.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cançado Trindade |first=Antônio Augusto |title=The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2019 |edition=1st |location=Oxford |pages=pp. 247-268 |language=EN |chapter=The Continuity of Jurisprudential Cross-Fertilization in the Case-Law of International Tribunals in their Common Mission of Realization of Justice}}</ref> In these situations, the findings of the "external" case-law are applied directly as a secondary source of international law, i.e. as authoritative statements of what the law is. Finally, not only substantive issues are liable to be the object of cross fertilization between courts and tribunals, but also procedural ones. Procedural practices or principles regarding the delimitation of jurisdiction, the conduction of ancillary proceedings or the behavior of the parties are often developed by international courts and tribunals through case-law, to the extent the whole of the procedural rules guiding their activities cannot be found in their constitutive statutes. This situation reveals not precisely the import of legal "findings" of an external case-law, but a recognition of certain judicial practices as legal rules binding the court given their compatibility with statutory norms and other sources of procedural law (rules of procedure, for instance)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Giorgetti |first=Chiara |date=2015 |title=Cross-Fertilisation of Procedural Law Among International Courts and Tribunals: Methods and Meanings |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/232773175.pdf |journal=University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository |via=SSRN}}</ref>. <!-- Does it also say something a bout a possible unity of the international system, de-fragmentation etc.? What is your position on this? --> It continues. ==== '''4. Decisions of Municipal Courts''' ====<!-- See André Nollkaemper, Domestic Courts and the International Rule of Law (OUP 2011) --> Paragraph 1 (d) of Article 38 of the Statute of the ICJ does not differentiate between decisions of international courts and municipal courts as subsidiary means for determining the rules of international law. As mentioned in Section B, judicial decisions in general may be considered as a subsidiary source of law and as means for the identification of other sources of law<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nollkaemper |first=Andre |title=National Courts and the International Rule of Law |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780191725234 |edition=1st |location=Oxford |language=EN}}</ref>. Although those two characterizations may be recognized both concerning decisions of international courts or tribunals and decisions of municipal courts, there are some particularities of the latter which may be observed in considering them as sources of international law. ===== 4.1. Decisions of Municipal Courts as Subsidiary Sources of International Law ===== As explained in Section 2, judicial decisions may act as a formal source of law creating international obligations for different actors depending on one’s conception of the legal field. Although there are debates regarding the possibility of recognition of decisions of international courts as formal sources of international law, this possibility increasingly reduces regarding decisions of municipal courts due to their national rather than international character. Contrary to decisions of international courts, those of municipal courts can rarely create obligations binding other States and international organizations, partly due to the rules of immunity ('''see immunity chapter'''). On the other hand, decisions of municipal courts may act as formal sources in two situations. In the first situation, decisions of municipal courts may be binding regarding other actors of international law, such as individuals, non-State actors, movements of national liberation and transnational companies. In certain cases, national courts found that obligations under international law were attributable to such actors.<ref>Vide for instance Filártiga v. Peña-Irala, 630 F.2d 876 (2nd Cir. 1980).</ref> Therefore, decisions of municipal courts may have different degrees of normativity or authority in international law.<ref>A Nollkaemper, ''National courts and the international rule of law'' (OUP 2012) 255-256. </ref> In the second situation, decisions of municipal courts may be considered both as forms of State practice and forms of evidence of acceptance as law (''opinio juris'') in the identification of a customary rule of international law. In this situation, the municipal decision would not be a formal source ''per se'', but part of the elements of the formation of a customary rule of international law which may be considered together with other elements. In the ''Jurisdictional Immunities of the State'' case of 2012, the International Court of Justice considered that judgments of national courts would have particular significance in order to determine the existence of an international custom conferring immunity on States and the scope and extent of such rule. Such decisions were not analysed alone but considered together with statements made by States in the International Law Commission and during the adoption of the Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property as relevant State practice.<ref>ICJ, ''Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening)'', Judgment of 3 February 2012, ICJ Reports 2012, p. 123.</ref> In addition, decisions of municipal courts might also be authoritative within the international legal discourse in several areas. For instance, cases such as the ''Schooner Exchange'' (1812) of the United States Supreme Court, ''Reference Re Secession of Quebec'' (1998) from the Supreme Court of Canada, and ''In Re Pinochet'' (1999) from the House of Lords of the United Kingdom are often mentioned in the legal literature to refer respectively to exceptions to the rule of sovereign immunity, the content of the right of self-determination, and the existence of universal jurisdiction. ===== 4.2. Decisions of Municipal Courts as Means for the Identification of Other Sources of Law ===== Judicial decisions may also be considered as means for the identification of other sources of law, acting as material sources. This is the case of the identification of customary rules of international law. <!-- Eva: From my perspective as a student, I'm a little confused here. I don't really understand your distinction between decisions of municipals courts as subsidiary sources of international law (6.1) and decisions of municipal courts as means for the identification of other sources of law (6.2). Did you not write above in 6.1 that decisions of municipal courts may act as formal sources, and as an example (second situation) you write about the role of these decisions in the identification of customary international law? And here again you refer to the role of the decisions of municipal courts in the identification of customary law? Perhaps you could make this clearer. -->As recognized by the ILC in Draft Conclusion 13 on the identification of customary international law adopted in 2018, decisions of national courts might be useful as a subsidiary means for determining the extent and content of rules of customary international law. A similar role is found regarding the determination of the existence and content of general principles of law, as recognized by the draft conclusions adopted provisionally by the ILC on the matter in 2023.<ref>Text of the draft conclusions provisionally adopted by the Drafting Committee on first reading, 12 May 2023, UN Doc A/CN.4/L.982, p. 2, Draft Conclusion 8.</ref> This is not the same thing as to affirm that decisions of municipal courts are able to "create" international law. Rather, they are vehicles to necessary elements for the recognition of customary law - state practice and opinion juris - and, as a consequence, they can contribute to the identification of an emergent rule of customary nature if their content resonates other samples of practice which, ''in toto'', amount to sufficient consensus concerning its legal character. The role of decisions of municipal courts is even further enhanced when it comes to the identification of general principles of law, since their very conceptual framing encompasses the "recognition" by municipal legal orders. In other words, general principles of law are principles recognized in virtually all municipal legal systems - such as ''res judicata'', estoppel or good faith - and, because of their general recognition by municipal courts , they are also recognizes as sources of international law. The relevance of the role of decisions of domestic courts in the identification of rules of customary international law is inferior to those given to the decisions of international courts. According to the ILC, this occurs because:<blockquote>National courts operate within a particular legal system, which may incorporate international law only in a particular way and to a limited extent. Their decisions may reflect a particular national perspective. Unlike most international courts, national courts may sometimes lack international law expertise and may have reached their decisions without the benefit of hearing argument advanced by States.<ref>ILC, Draft conclusions on identification of customary international law with commentaries, 2018, p. 29.</ref></blockquote>In this sense, priority is given to decisions of international courts over decisions of municipal courts in the determination of the existence of an international custom. In the ''Lotus'' case, for example, the Permanent Court of International Justice only considered decisions of domestic courts after recognizing that there were no international decisions to assist in the recognition of the existence of an international norm dealing with the criminal jurisdiction of States in cases of collisions in high seas.<ref>PCIJ, ''Lotus'' ''(France v. Turkey)'', PCIJ Ser. A 10 (1927), 28.</ref> A different weight is given in the determination of the existence and content of general principles of law common to the various legal systems of the world. The assessment of decisions of national courts is considered part of the comparative analysis of national legal systems necessary to determine the existence of a general principle of law. Nevertheless, as recognized by Draft Conclusion 5 on general principles of law adopted provisionally by the International Law Commission in 2023, this element should be considered together with the assessment of national laws and other materials.<ref>Text of the draft conclusions provisionally adopted by the Drafting Committee on first reading, 12 May 2023, UN Doc A/CN.4/L.982, p. 2.</ref> There is also differences between different types of decisions of municipal courts. Decisions of higher courts which may be considered final may have greater weight than decisions of lower courts in the identification of other sources of law.<ref>ILC, Draft conclusions on the identification of customary international law with commentaries, 2018, p. 13-14.</ref> In the ''Arrest Warrant'' case, for instance, the ICJ analysed specifically decisions of national higher courts, such as those of France and the United Kingdom, as State practice in order to consider the existence of exceptions to the immunity from criminal jurisdiction to Ministers of Foreign Affairs, together with national legislation.<ref>ICJ, ''Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium)'', Judgment of 14 February 2002, ICJ Reports 2002, pp. 23-24.</ref> === II. Teachings of the Most Highly Qualified Publicists === Art. 38(1)(d) lists "the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations" as second subsidiary means to identify the content of international law. Today rather than the word "publicists", the term "scholar" would be used. Often, the literature makes a clear-cut distinction between law-making and scholarly writing. In this view, the role of those writing about international law, as opposed to those making the law, is limited to systematizing and providing a better understanding of the law. As one scholar put it, "(i)t is obviously not a question of 'doctors' dictating the law, but of their influence on its better understanding."<ref>M Lachs ‘Teachings and Teaching of International Law’ (1976) 151 RdC 161–252, at 212.</ref> Yet, in reality, the line between law-making and scholarly writing – and in general, between formal and informal sources of international law – is probably not as clear-cut. It is true that today scholars do not hold anymore the place they held historically. In times when the formal sources of international law were much less well documented, scholars played a central role in gathering legal materials, and by doing so arguably also in separating between the law and the non-law. With the increasing availability of state practice and legal materials in other ways, this role became much less relevant. Nonetheless also today the influence of scholars on international law should not be underestimated. This might be particularly obvious in newer or evolving fields of international law, such as the law applicable to cyberspace, where many legal questions are unsolved and courts and other actors applying the law thus turn to the existing literature for guidance and clarification. Another example of the influence of scholars is when they act in collective bodies and expert groups, sometimes even with a mandate by states.<ref>See on the distinction between state-empowered and other categories of publicists Sandesh Sivakumaran, The Influence of Teachings of Publicists on the Development of International Law, International and Comparative Law Quarterly 66 (2017), 1-37, at 4 ff.</ref> A famous case in point is the International Law Commission (ILC), established by the UN General Assembly, whose task is "the progressive development of international law and its codification" (Art. 1 of the statutes of the ILC).<ref>Statute of the International Law Commission (International Law Commission [ILC]) UN Doc A/RES/174(II), Annex, Ch.I Organization of the International Law Commission, Art.2. See for a recent debate on the role and function of the ILC the symposium on Völkerrechtsblog, "The International Law Commission as an interpreter of international law?", edited by Justine Batura, Sué González Hauck & Sophie Schuberth, https://voelkerrechtsblog.org/symposium/the-role-of-the-ilc/.</ref> According to Art. 2(1) of its statutes, the ILC shall consist of "persons of recognized competence in International law", which in practice has often included scholars. Some of the work done by the ILC has proven to be highly authoritative and influential, such as the famous ''Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts'' which today provide the starting point for most discussions on state responsibility.<ref>Even though the Draft Articles are not per se binding law, they in great parts reflect customary international law. </ref> Examples of non-state sponsored expert groups who proved to be highly authoritative include the group who drafted the San ''Remo Manual on International Law applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea'' or more recently the ''Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare'', and the so-called Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the ''International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations'', published in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Time and again attempts were undertaken to "measure" the influence of scholars on international law. One method to do so is to look at citations by international courts. However, this method is not particularly reliable.<ref>See on this Sandesh Sivakumaran, The Influence of Teachings of Publicists on the Development of International Law, International and Comparative Law Quarterly 66 (2017), 1-37.</ref> For example, the International Court of Justice only rarely cites scholarly writings, but there is broad agreement that the influence of scholars on the "World Court" is greater than it appears.<ref name=":1" /> <!-- Max: wrong number of footnote -->The same is certainly true for other courts and institutions. More important than the direct reception, citation and influence of scholarship are the manifold indirect ways in which scholars shape and contribute to international law. This begins in the classroom where scholars teach future practitioners, but scholars certainly also exert a certain influence by criticizing, systematizing and ordering the body of international law – a role that has been described as one of "grammarians" within the international legal system.<ref>Gleider Hernández, The Responsibility of the International Legal Academic - Situating the Grammarian Within the "Invisible College", in Jean d'Aspremont, Tarcisio Gazzini, André Nollkaemper and Wouter Werner (eds), International Law as a Profession, CUP 2017, 160-188.</ref> In light of the relevance of scholarly writings in the creation of International law, it is increasingly being seen as problematic that scholars situated in the West dominate the international legal discourse. While this is particularly obvious when looking at the history of international law, in which the dominant jurists were nearly exclusively European ('''<u>see history chapter</u>'''), this still holds true today. The most renowned publishers and journals undoubtedly are European or American. Anthena Roberts has empirically shown that Western (and in particular Anglo-American) institutions and publication outlets such as journals and textbooks dominate the international legal discourse.<ref>Anthea Roberts, Is International Law International? (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2017).</ref> She not only concludes that Oscar Schachter's famous description of the professional community of international lawyers as "invisible college of international lawyers"<ref>Oscar Schachter, The Invisible College of International Lawyers, Northwestern University Law Review 72(2), 217-226. </ref> is inaccurate, but even fundamentally puts into question whether international law is truly international, as the title of her book suggests. In this sense, the claim to decolonize the knowledge production is not only a historical endeavor with the goal to lay bare the colonial legacies of the accumulated knowledge, but also pointing to the asymmetries in the system of knowledge production continuing until today.<ref>See for example Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J.. (2017). The emergence and trajectories of struggles for an 'African university': The case of unfinished business of African epistemic decolonisation. ''Kronos'', ''43''(1), 51-77. <nowiki>https://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9585/2017/v43a4</nowiki> </ref><!-- Max: great to read this in a textbook on PIL --> ==C. Sources Beyond the ICJ Statute == === I. Soft Law === ==== Introduction ==== The term "soft law" refers to those norms in the international legal order that lack legal bindingness. It thus not only falls outside of the category of Art. 38 of the ICJ statute; it seems to fall outside of the category of law as such. Yet, it is undeniable that soft law does have a function and role in today's international order - and arguably increasingly so. According to a narrow definition, soft law can only emanate from subjects of international law, whereas a wider definition also includes instruments such as codes of conducts from actors with not entirely clear status, such as corporations or NGOs ('''<u>see subjects and actors chapter</u>'''). Examples are numerous and include non-binding recommendations and resolutions of International Organizations, including the resolutions of the UN General Assembly, and codes of conduct adopted by states or International Organizations, such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. ==== Legal effects ==== Despite lacking legal bindingness ''stricto sensu'', it is well recognised that soft law has certain legal effects. Legal effects. Certain legal effects - states can not invoke the principle of non-intervention; issue areas regulated by soft law do not fall anymore in the "domaine réservé" of states. Furthermore guideline for interpretation; evidence of opinio iuris? ==== Importance beyond legal effects ==== However, there is today broad agreement that norms can have normative value and effects without being binding in a strict sense. An important point of Functions: somewhat a compromise between the need to regulate behavior and state sovereignty (MPEPIL par. &); less costly for states; first step on the way to "hard" law; adaptation of international law to new developments. More flexible than hard law and easier to achieve. However, see against the progress narrative: Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg, Soft Law in Jus in Bello and Jus ad Bellum: What Lessons for Business & Human Rights?, 114 ajil unbound 174 (2020). categories: resolutions, inter-state agreements expressly excluding binding force === II. Acts of International Organizations=== ==== 1. Acts of International Organizations as a Distinct Source of International Law ==== Acts or resolutions of international organizations are often listed among possible sources of international law besides the traditional categories of sources recognized by paragraph 1 of Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. This consideration reflects the growing importance of the activities and acts emanated from international organizations ('''<u>see section 'International Organizations'</u>'''). New procedures of collective action within the framework of international organizations have been developed by the international community in an approach similar to the law-making process of domestic law. Such procedures usually involve a new regulatory approach which goes beyond the traditional law-making process recognized by international law. For instance, the UN Security Council seems to have adopted a new form of procedure creating general obligations for all States in order to prevent the commission or the financing of terrorist acts, as observed in Resolution 1373 (28 September 2001). This procedure departs from the organ’s traditional powers by not being limited to a concrete situation and has its acceptance explained by the international context of the fight against acts of terrorism caused by non-State actors. The normative force and legitimacy of such kind of act must be understood considering elements such as the activity regulated, the actors involved and the power structures behind it, aspects analysed by the global administrative law. It would be possible to consider, therefore, that a new way of creating international rules beyond the classic means could have emerged from the operation of international organizations, especially the United Nations. On the other hand, such characterization presents some problems.<!-- Raffaela: Link to debates about the emergence of a global administrative law? --> ===== 1.1 Acts of International Organizations as Formal Source of International Law =====<!-- Raffaela: Is it necessary to distinguish between binding and non-binding resolutions? --> Acts of international organizations may be considered as a formal source of rights and obligations depending on the actor concerned. Despite the plurality of the classification of legal instruments that international organizations are empowered by their constitutive instruments to adopt, it is possible to differentiate two general types of acts emanated from international organizations regarding their addressees. The first type of instrument consists of acts which are created by organs of the organization usually directed to States or other organizations, therefore having a subject external to the structure of the organization. Such acts may be recommendations, declarations or decisions with binding force or not. The second type of instrument is composed of measures adopted internally by organs of the organization in the fulfilment of their functions as established by the constitutive instrument, determining for instance the budget of the organization, the creation or composition of an organ and other procedural aspects. They are addressed mainly to organs or agents that are internal to the organization’s structure and do not concern inter-State relations. As this second type of act may establish rights and obligations in the internal law of organizations for different organs, individuals and entities, it may be considered a formal source of law for such actors. This is the case of the decisions of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal, which are binding upon the parties of disputes opposing individuals and the UN Secretary-General or a specialized agency.<ref>Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal, Article 11(3). See also ''Effect of Awards of Compensation Made by the United Nations Administrative Tribunal'' (Advisory Opinion) [1954] ICJ Rep 47.</ref> <!-- Raffaela: I think this para. comes too late. I would suggest to move it up to the very beginning of this section --> Regarding the first type of instrument, it is possible to question whether resolutions of international organizations may be considered as a distinct formal source of international law creating legal obligations for the parties concerned ('''<u>see section 'the Concept of a 'Source' of International Law', subsection 'Categories of Sources?'</u>'''), since such acts usually have their legal force based on the provisions of the constitutive treaty of the international organization. Member States are obliged to comply with binding resolutions by virtue of an obligation assumed through the constitutive treaty of the international organization, not because such resolutions create direct obligations for them. <!-- Why do binding resolutions not create obligations for the MS? I am not sure to understand the sentence correctly --> <!-- I tried to better explain my reasoning in the text. Resolutions do not directly create obligations for Member States, their binding force comes from the constitutive treaty. -->This is the case of decisions of the UN Security Council based on Article 25 and Chapter VII of the UN  Charter and some acts emanating from the European Union based on Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. In this sense, it could be argued that the normative force of resolutions of international organizations is linked to conventional obligations created by treaties, a traditional source of international law. It is claimed that the UN Security Council on some occasions had adopted a sort of 'law-making procedure' by imposing general obligations to all UN Member States regarding specific matters. In general, the organ adopts decisions binding on the UN Member States which are instrumental to deal with a situation characterized by it as a threat to the peace, a breach to the peace or an act of aggression, according to Article 39 of the UN Charter.<ref>S Talmon ‘The Security Council as World Legislature’ (2005) 99 AJIL 175-193.</ref> {{OpenRewi/Example|Content=The Security Council recognized in Resolution 1973 (17 March 2011) that the situation in Libya constituted a threat to international peace and security and decided to adopt binding measures such as the obligation of the Member States to freeze the assets of Libyan authorities and not to allow any aircraft owned or registered in Libya to overfly their territory.|Reference=Regular Resolution of the UN Security Council}}<!-- Max: you could use our example textbox --><!-- Raffaela: Reference to discussion in literature? This might be interesting --> Nevertheless, the Security Council seem to have imposed on the Member States obligations of abstract nature in some resolutions which are not limited to a particular situation or dispute. {{OpenRewi/Example|Content=The above-mentioned Resolution 1373 (28 September 2001) sets out general obligations for States concerning international terrorism and contains obligations under specific international treaties, in particular the obligations to suppress terrorist acts and the financing of terrorist acts established by the Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (1997) and by the Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999). Similarly, Resolution 1540 (28 April 2004) contains obligations which may also be found in the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), the Biological Weapons Convention (1972) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (1993). By Resolution 2396 (21 December 2017) the Security Council establishes the obligation of Member States to adopt measures according to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards and recommended practices on the treatment of passenger data.|Reference=Resolutions of the Security Council establishing General Obligations for UN Member States}} In such cases, the Security Council appears to impose on Member States obligations that are found in conventions to which they have not necessarily expressed their consent. Since such obligations have general application and are not limited to a particular situation or dispute, they appear to have been the result of a law-making process by the Security Council. Yet in this case, the resolutions do not act as formal sources of obligations since their binding force is based on the action of the Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, although their legality in relation to the Charter and the powers of the Security Council may be questioned.<ref>J Crawford, ‘Chance, Order, Change: The Course of International Law’ (2013) 365 ''Recueils des Cours de l'Académie de Droit International de la Haye'' 17, 312-313. </ref><!-- Max: I think this paragraph can be shortend --><!-- Raffaela: I agree that it can be shortened, but think it is very interesting. Would it be an idea to use one of these examples in the very first introductory section to illustrate the relevance of IO resolutions? --> ===== 1.2 Acts of International Organizations as Material Source of International Law ===== It is also possible to consider resolutions of international organizations not as a formal source of obligations but as evidence of the existence of an international rule, since the consent by States parties to a resolution may indicate that a given provision is understood to be a norm of customary international law. In this case, resolutions of international organizations may function as a material source of international law ('''<u>see section 'the Concept of a 'Source' of International Law', subsection 'Categories of Sources?'</u>'''). Resolutions of the UN General Assembly are occasionally analysed by the International Court of Justice in order to determine the existence of a rule of customary international law. The Court considered that although not binding, UN General Assembly resolutions ‘may sometimes have normative value’ since they ‘can, in certain circumstances, provide evidence important for establishing the existence of a rule or the emergence of an ''opinio juris''’.<ref>''Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons'' (Advisory Opinion) [1996] ICJ Rep 226, 254-255 (para 70). </ref>  Such an approach was adopted in the ''Nicaragua'' case of 1986, in which the consent of the United States and Nicaragua to UN General Assembly Resolution 2625 (24 October 1970, establishing the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the UN Charter) was understood by the Court as an acceptance of the validity of the rules declared by the document.<ref>''Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua'' (Nicaragua v United States of America) (Merits) [1986] ICJ Rep 14, 99-100 (para 188). </ref> Although not formally binding on its Member States, resolutions adopted by the UN General Assembly are sometimes considered to reflect legal rules of international law due to the almost universal representation of the international community of States in the organ. This is the case of the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the UN Charter contained in Resolution 2625 (24 October 1970) and several ‘declarations’ adopted by the General Assembly recognizing certain principles applicable to a specific matter, such as those contained in Resolution 217A (10 December 1948, establishing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights), Resolution 1514 (14 December 1960, establishing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples) and Resolution 1962 (13 December 1963, establishing the Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Uses of Outer Space).<!-- Max: I think the following paragraph is more important than this paragraph --> ==== 2. Acts of International Organizations and other Sources of International Law ==== Resolutions of international organizations may also relate to other sources of international law. Firstly, such acts can contribute to the development or consolidation of customary rules of international law. In the Advisory Opinion concerning the ''Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius'' in 1965 the ICJ understood that although formally a recommendation, UNGA Resolution 1514 (XV) establishing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples ‘has a declaratory character with regard to the right to self-determination as a customary norm’ and clarified the content and scope of the right to self-determination, representing a ‘defining moment in the consolidation of State practice on decolonization’.<ref>''Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965'' (Advisory Opinion) [2019] ICJ Rep 95, 132-133 (para 150-153).</ref> Secondly, resolutions may also be relevant in the interpretation of international treaties and even constitute subsequent practice for the purpose of treaty interpretation.<ref>M C Wood, The Interpretation of Security Council Resolutions (1998) 2 ''Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law'' 73-95, 91-92. </ref> In the ''Whaling in the Antarctic'' case, for instance, the ICJ considered that resolutions from the International Whaling Commission may be relevant for the interpretation of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling when adopted by consensus or by a unanimous vote, even not having a binding effect.<ref>''Whaling in the Antarctic'' (Australia v Japan: New Zealand intervening) [2014] ICJ Rep 226, 248 (para 46). See also ''Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua'' (Nicaragua v United States of America) (Merits) [1986] ICJ Rep 14, 99-100 (para 188).</ref> ==== 3. Acts of International Organizations beyond the Concept of Legal Source of Rights and Obligations ==== The classic definition of sources of international law may be insufficient to apprehend the legal significance of acts of international organizations to international law as they can hardly be considered as an independent category of sources of international law for not being able to create autonomously rights and obligations for States. Traditionally, it is recognized that acts of international organizations usually are the result of a political compromise that does not intend to create legal obligations by itself. This understanding is shared by the practice of the ICJ, which often rejects the claim that resolutions create legal obligations for States that consent to them. For instance, in the ''Nicaragua'' case, the Court rejected the claim that a resolution of the Meeting of Consultation of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Organization of American States had established a legal undertaken for Nicaragua regarding its domestic policy.<ref>''Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua'' (Nicaragua v United States of America) (Merits) [1986] ICJ Rep 14, 132 (para 261).</ref> In the case concerning the ''Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean'' of 2012, the Court rejected the claim that resolutions adopted by the General Assembly of the Organization of the American States had created a legal obligation for Chile to negotiate Bolivia’s access to the Pacific Ocean, even if adopted with its consent.<ref>''Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean'' (Bolivia v Chile) (Merits) [2018] ICJ Rep 507, 562 (para 171).</ref> Nevertheless, the legal importance of resolutions of international organizations goes beyond the legal effects traditionally assigned to them. Often such acts affect the behaviour of States and other international actors even without the establishment of legally binding rules, which may be observed in the context of the role of international organizations in global governance. It is increasingly common for international organizations to adopt resolutions containing standards, practices and procedures which provide a normative framework for the exercise of public authority in several areas of international law regardless of their binding character. Such acts, which often are classified as ‘soft law’ '''<u>(see section 'Soft Law' above)</u>''', sometimes are preferred over traditional sources of international law for the facility in their creation and flexibility. This may be seen, for instance, in the regulatory function of the food standards issued by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, all of which with significant regulatory form even without binding character.<ref>See in special the analysis of such regulations by Gefion Schuler, Jürgen Friedrich and Ravi Afonso Pereira in Armin Bogdandy, Rüdiger Wolfrum, Jochen Bernstorff, Philipp Dann and Matthias Goldmann (eds), ''The Exercise of Public Authority by International Institutions: Advancing International Institutional Law'' (Springer 2010).</ref> Another important example concerns the role of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in global health governance, especially regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The coordination between public and private international actors for the fight against the virus was done by the WHO not only through binding rules provided for by the International Health Regulations (2005) but also by temporary and non-binding recommendations adopted on advice of an Emergency Committee composed by experts of different fields.<ref>Armin von Bogdandy and Pedro Villarreal, ‘International Law on Pandemic Response: A First Stocktaking in Light of the Coronavirus Crisis’ in ''Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law & International Law (MPIL) Research Paper No. 2020-07''. See also Mateja Steinbrück Platise, ‘The Changing Structure of Global Health Governance’ in L Vierck, P Villarreal and A Weilert (eds), ''The Governance of  Disease Outbreaks'' (Nomos 2017) 83-111.</ref><!-- Max: I really liked this section --><!-- Raffaela: Me too, really great wrap-up and outlook to broader debates! --> === III. Unilateral Declarations === Besides soft law and acts of International Organisations, unilateral declarations are often discussed as a further candidate for a source beyond Art. 38 of the ICJ statute. The question is whether declarations states make towards other states or the international community, for example a promise to act in a certain way, may deploy legal effects. In other words, can states be legally bound by statements or announcements they made? In the ''Nuclear Tests case'',<ref>ICJ, ''Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v. France)'', Judgment of 20 December 1974, ICJ Reports 1974, p. 253. See already PCIJ, Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Denmark v. Norway), PCIJ Ser. A/B 53 (1933), 22.</ref> the ICJ has answered this question in the positive under certain conditions, deducing the legal bindingness from the principle of ''good faith'', a general principle under Art. 38(1)(c) ICJ Statute. In this case, the ICJ among other things had to determine whether France was bound by its announcements in various public statements to refrain from carrying out further atmospheric nuclear tests in the South Pacific region. In order not to deduce legal effects from merely political statements, the ICJ developed three criteria: * The declaration must have been made by the competent authority in a framework that indicates seriousness; * The declaration must be sufficiently specific, and * it must indicate the intention to be legally bound.<ref>ICJ, ''Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v. France)'', Judgment of 20 December 1974, ICJ Reports 1974, p. 253, paras. 42-46.</ref> A specific form is not required according to the Court; this means that also oral statements can deploy legal effects. Also further unilateral acts of states can have certain legal effects, as discussed in other chapters. By way of example the protesting state under the persistent objector doctrine can avoid being legally bound by emerging customary international law (see chapter on '''<u>customary international law</u>'''); also recognition by states has legal effects (see the chapter on '''<u>States</u>'''). Under the constitutive theory, recognition of states is constitutive for statehood; international organisations only possess partial international legal personality because of the designation by states (see chapter on '''<u>International Organizations</u>'''). ==Further Readings== * Samantha Besson (2010). Theorizing the sources of international law. In ''The philosophy of international law'' (pp. 163-185). Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Gilbert Guillaume (2011). The use of precedent by international judges and arbitrators. ''Journal of International Dispute Settlement'', ''2''(1), 5-23. * Christian Tams (2014). The World Court's Role in the International Law-Making Process. ''Available at SSRN 2406311''. * Antonio Tzanakopoulos (2016). Domestic judicial lawmaking. In ''Research Handbook on the Theory and Practice of International Lawmaking'' (pp. 222-241). Edward Elgar Publishing. * Gleider Hernández (2016). International judicial lawmaking. In ''Research Handbook on the Theory and Practice of International Lawmaking'' (pp. 200-221). Edward Elgar Publishing. ==Conclusion== * Sources beyond Art. 38 exist, and highly relevant. International law not suited to cope with rapidly changing circumstances; this is why other, more flexible sources are highly important. In times of global governance, the decisions of international courts, resolutions of IOs and soft law are highly relevant and regulate many aspects of our lives. Importance of secondary law. Putting into question the formal distinction between law and non-law. Is it international law or not, and does it even matter? https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199658589.001.0001/acprof-9780199658589-chapter-7?rskey=alOaLg&result=1 * Debates about informal international law. Realists and New Haven school - relevance, influence of norms on behavior of states matters and not their form. However, as important as informal sources of international law might be, the distinction of law and non-law is certainly not entirely redundant. Even though international courts might take other sources into account, they rule on the basis of formal law; also countermeasures. * Risk to further undermine democratic legitimacy of international law? See debates in Switzerland about parliamentary approval for soft law instruments. * Summary I * Summary II <!--Please do not delete the part under this comment--> {{OpenRewi/Chapter-End}} {{BookCat}} eiulnlpvd5k2xu48rhtpjsong2o4pao 0 441608 4673448 4368834 2026-10-01T14:34:03Z Wedneedssayd 3627335 /* */ 4673448 wikitext text/x-wiki There are certain rules you must follow when creating new files and folder: # To create a new folder, right-click and hover over the word "New", and a menu will pop up. Select "New Folder" and a folder appears. To create some other type of file, select the file type you want on the "New" menu instead (text document, rich text format, bitmap image, etc.) The file will be created on the desktop, or if you have Windows Explorer open, the working directory. # As soon as the folder or file is created, you are given the option to give it a name. If you opt not to use a name, the default name (i.e., "New Folder") is used instead. # As with other Windows versions, files' and folders' names are not case-sensitive. For example, the names "card", "Card", and "cArd" are all recognized as identical names. # The name of a folder or file cannot contain any colons, slashes, asterisks, question marks, quotation marks, or the symbols <, >, or |. These symbols are reserved for internal identification of Windows files and folders. For example, your desktop is actually a folder, and it is internally recognized as "C:\Users\X\Desktop", where "X" is replaced with the username you use on your PC, so any file names with colons or slashes would lead to internal confusion. # Certain names are reserved despite not containing any invalid characters. You cannot use any of the names "aux", "con", "nul", "prn", as they are reserved for internal use by Windows. Attempting to use any of them results in the error message: "The specified device name is invalid". You also cannot use "COM" or "LPT" followed by a single 0-9 symbol. These stand for the communication port and the parallel port, respectively. # Because of the case-insensitivity of names, as highlighted in bullet 3, attempts to name a folder or file "Con" (with a capital C) will be rejected in the same way as attempts to use "con" in all lowercase, or "CON" in all capitals. The same thing, of course, applies to the other reserved words highlighted in bullet 5 as well. # Two folders within the same directory cannot share identical names. Likewise, two files with the same file extension, within the same directory, cannot share identical names. # Since folders do not have extensions, you cannot have a folder whose name matches that of an existing file followed by its extension. For example, the extension ".txt" is used for text documents, so you cannot simultaneously have a text document named "Fun" and a folder named "Fun.txt" in the same directory. [[Category:Book:Windows Vista]] h0vk2vrgd1i4zdf077ao0hs708f2wtv 4673458 4673448 2026-10-01T14:43:54Z Codename Noreste 3441010 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/Wedneedssayd|Wedneedssayd]] ([[User talk:Wedneedssayd|talk]]) to last version by SupremeUmanu 4368834 wikitext text/x-wiki There are certain rules you must follow when creating new files and folders: # To create a new folder, right-click and hover over the word "New", and a menu will pop up. Select "New Folder" and a folder appears. To create some other type of file, select the file type you want on the "New" menu instead (text document, rich text format, bitmap image, etc.) The file will be created on the desktop, or if you have Windows Explorer open, the working directory. # As soon as the folder or file is created, you are given the option to give it a name. If you opt not to use a name, the default name (i.e., "New Folder") is used instead. # As with other Windows versions, files' and folders' names are not case-sensitive. For example, the names "card", "Card", and "cArd" are all recognized as identical names. # The name of a folder or file cannot contain any colons, slashes, asterisks, question marks, quotation marks, or the symbols <, >, or |. These symbols are reserved for internal identification of Windows files and folders. For example, your desktop is actually a folder, and it is internally recognized as "C:\Users\X\Desktop", where "X" is replaced with the username you use on your PC, so any file names with colons or slashes would lead to internal confusion. # Certain names are reserved despite not containing any invalid characters. You cannot use any of the names "aux", "con", "nul", "prn", as they are reserved for internal use by Windows. Attempting to use any of them results in the error message: "The specified device name is invalid". You also cannot use "COM" or "LPT" followed by a single 0-9 symbol. These stand for the communication port and the parallel port, respectively. # Because of the case-insensitivity of names, as highlighted in bullet 3, attempts to name a folder or file "Con" (with a capital C) will be rejected in the same way as attempts to use "con" in all lowercase, or "CON" in all capitals. The same thing, of course, applies to the other reserved words highlighted in bullet 5 as well. # Two folders within the same directory cannot share identical names. Likewise, two files with the same file extension, within the same directory, cannot share identical names. # Since folders do not have extensions, you cannot have a folder whose name matches that of an existing file followed by its extension. For example, the extension ".txt" is used for text documents, so you cannot simultaneously have a text document named "Fun" and a folder named "Fun.txt" in the same directory. [[Category:Book:Windows Vista]] gmzp5p5wofddko05u1gy918bm63i2al 3 442343 4673519 4672913 2026-10-01T18:33:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Pages by User:Ruth Bulyaba M */ Reply 4673519 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. ^{&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]} / _{[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]} 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol ^{&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]} / _{[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]} 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks. ::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references. ::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook? ::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a "Berlin Wall" between two Wikimedia projects. Would a "See also" section be permissible? ::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Undeletion request == Hello, I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Undeletion request == About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks! [[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC) ::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks! ::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Log in issues == Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at <bdi>[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at</bdi> [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28255-89|&#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC) == Splitting pages == FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == <s>Slander</s> == <S>Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.</s>[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is "numbered". That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by "correctly formatted" list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC) == The Geoguide == I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism == your recent changes may not be constructive. {{Warning}} [[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC) == Your recent revert == Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind. ::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project. ::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == Confirmed user == <s>If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.</s> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF == I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] == Hello Kittycataclysm, I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC) :Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC) qxl1jmghtol449wpgzk4vt5dakdlbtz 4673520 4673519 2026-10-01T18:34:54Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Pages by User:Ruth Bulyaba M */ Reply 4673520 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Talk Page Archives |- |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]] |[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]] |} == That IP range calculator == Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == A merge and unmerge from two years ago == I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Undeletion request == I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary "Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution", so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC) :Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them "bad transwikis"), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow == Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe. If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions. Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikibooks community == Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together? I am looking forward to join. Thank you! [[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Yes. Do you know place for this? ::Thank you ::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC) == Congratulations! == [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]] You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC) == Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? == Hi {{PAGENAME}}, Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&groups%5B%5D=steward&wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up. The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. Is there a way wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC) <s>:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.</s> Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else: ::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to. ::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC) ::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more. The wmf has been hosting a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it. ::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier: ::::* "Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb" ::::* "The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it" ::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC) == [[Crystal ball]] == That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC) :Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC) == Question about an edit suggestion == Hi Kittycataclysm, Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient? Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated! Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]] Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term "paper". However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Talkback == {{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC) == Hello == Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC) :::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC) ::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook == Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from "____ recipes" in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include "for" or "using". Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC) == More Table of Content Edits == Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days. * Fix Bread wikilink * Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing * [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized * [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity * Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting * Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC * Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals * Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category * Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC * Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction" * Appendix and Equipment sections switch places Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC) :Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below: :* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Remove "Creaming" from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC. :* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can! :* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above. :* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form "Cuisine of ____". It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines. :* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects :* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page :* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}} :* {{xt|Get rid of "Brunch"; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below. :* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines. :* {{xt|Change "Introductory Matter" header to just "Introduction"}} The reason I made it "Introductory Matter" instead of "Introduction" is because there's already a chapter itself titled "Introduction"—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. "Front Matter", which is a generally accepted book term) :* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC. :* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel. :Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts: ::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. "[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]", and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense. ::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one "Asian Cuisine", but put the different locales under separate headers? ::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as "brunch" to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch. ::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say "Introductory Matter", or "Front Matter" as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC. ::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything. ::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it. ::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC) :::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == Cookbook ToC == Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go. ::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help. ::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like "I'm sorry that you feel that way" was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC) :::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) ::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] == Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] == Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC) == [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] == Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Exercising care with copyright == When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC) == Splitting Pages == Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC) :Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC) == Minecraft book == Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC) :::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC) == Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) == Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check. I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation. If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method. Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments. Best regards, XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook == Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == Tool for even faster category changes == See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just <kbd>Ctrl+Shift+R</kbd> once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Advice on when I should run for adminship == Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below: Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.<br> Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters). A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted. I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? == you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site. now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere. -- [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix "User:" before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with "'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox", and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Regarding the user Codename Tameirao == Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC) :I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC) :: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC) :::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC) ::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC) == IP block exempt == Hi Kitty, I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#ff0000;">Tar</b><b style="color:#ff7070;">nis</b><b style="color:#ffa0a0;">hed</b><b style="color:#420000;">Path</b>]]''^{[[User talk:TarnishedPath|<b style="color:#bd4004;">talk</b>]]} 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{You've got mail|sig=<span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}} :Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC) == Are you able to import? == I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC) : [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC) ::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC) :::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == About the category parameter in the recipe summary template == When it uses a "recipe by type" category, should it use a "[type/food] recipes" name or "Recipes for [type/food]"? I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC) :: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify: :: On the <code>|category =</code> parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC) == Please no more Unicode LTA == Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30839-28|&#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC) :<small>I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here</small> I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. ^{&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]} / _{[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]} 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC) ::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol ^{&#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#c71300">L10nM4st3r</span>]]} / _{[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:#ce3f00">'''ROAR''' at me!</span>]]} 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC) :::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC) == Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore == Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC) :: The thing is, administrators have the <code>review</code> user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] <s>I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.</s> ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC) : I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC) == Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities == Hi Kittycataclysm, I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].) Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''"this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content."'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices'' I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name''' The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion. I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book. After that I will put a notification template about "This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page." Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]: :* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace. :* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer. :* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions. :Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC) ::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed? :::The <u> local manual of style</u> development is ongoing together with the sample pages. ::'''MAIN PAGE''' ::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc. ::'''NESTING ''' :::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]] :::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] ::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]] ::: ::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a "main page" or "namespace" (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, "Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History." Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC) :::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC) ::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC) == Deletions of Wikibook subpages == Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly. Best, Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC) ::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time. ::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC) == help with "Media Literacy and You" == {{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove <nowiki>{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}</nowiki>? I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the "Discussion" page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. The upgrades included adding the "Introduction" chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. ??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of "The wisdom of polarized crowds" discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. ::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. === Who is DavidMCEddy === ::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged] * 6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, * 1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, * 30,000+ in Wikidata, and * almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create "a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge." Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} ::"Media Literacy and You" is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. ::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc. ::I think this "Media Literacy and You" project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. ::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC) {{outdent}} {{re|Kittycataclysm}} Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the "Book creator" tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 2. What do you suggest I do next? :I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, "Media Literacy and You", and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. :If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports <nowiki>{{cite Q|...}}</nowiki>, which I have used extensively for years.) :Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == Thank you! == Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC) :It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC) == A test request == Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]_{[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]_{[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]}} ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC) :Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC) == Linking == Hi,<br> For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information & seems relevant.<br> Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC) ::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC) ::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks. ::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references. ::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook? ::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a "Berlin Wall" between two Wikimedia projects. Would a "See also" section be permissible? ::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471751 --> == Undeletion request == Hello, I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Undeletion request == About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks! [[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC) ::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks! ::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC) == Log in issues == Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at <bdi>[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at</bdi> [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28255-89|&#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC) == Splitting pages == FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == <s>Slander</s> == <S>Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.</s>[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is "numbered". That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by "correctly formatted" list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&diff=prev&oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC) ::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC) == The Geoguide == I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism == your recent changes may not be constructive. {{Warning}} [[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC) == Your recent revert == Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC) :Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind. ::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project. ::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC) == Confirmed user == <s>If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.</s> [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC) :This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC) == Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF == I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] == Hello Kittycataclysm, I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC) :Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC) ::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC) :::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC) 9812qs0smszk2rrpkpn6zco1xjfs0z8 0 448622 4673527 4107057 2026-10-01T18:46:59Z Omphalographer 3427146 Omphalographer moved page [[The Feasibility Of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Crohn's disease Patient]] to [[Exercise as it relates to Disease/The Feasibility Of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Crohn's disease Patient]] without leaving a redirect: moving into associated book 4107057 wikitext text/x-wiki <small>< [[Exercise as it relates to Disease]]</small> This Wikibooks page is a critical appraisal of the research article ''"High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training in adults with Crohn's disease: A pilot randomised controlled trial"'' <ref name=":0">Tew. G.A. et. al. (2019). 'High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training in adults with Crohn's disease: a pilot randomised trial. BMC Gastroenterol 19, 19. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-019-0936-x</nowiki></ref> by Tew. G.A. et.al (2019). From the BMC Gastroenterology. == What is the Background to this Research? == Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease that impacts the patient’s immune system from functioning effectively. Due to an inflammatory response from the digestive tract, the walls of the digestive tract are damaged and therefore causing symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhoea <ref>Health Direct. (2020) 'Crohn's Disease'. Australian Government, Department of Health and Aged Care. </ref>. Crohn’s disease can be influenced by genetic components, environmental factors, etc. CD patients also suffer from bone mineral loss and therefore are included into the moderate to high risk factor for individuals exercising <ref>Jones. K. et al. (2020). 'Randomised clinical trial: combined impact and resistance training in adults with stable Crohn's disease'. Wiley Online Library. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics vol 52, issue 6, pg 964-975. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16002</nowiki></ref>. Exercise is recommended as it can help patient’s cope with symptomatic issues such as fatigue, faecal calprotectin, inflammation, and mental health<ref name=":0" />. There are controversies surrounding the topic of exercise involving Crohn’s disease patients as they provide a moderate to high risk. It was outlined in a pilot trial <ref name=":1">Seeger. W.A. et al. (2020). 'Moderate endurance and muscle training is beneficial and safe in patients with quiescent or mildly active Crohn's disease'. Sage journals vol 8, issue 7. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640620936383</nowiki> </ref> as too high of a level of intensity of exercise may cause heartburn and diarrhoea and other acute gastrointestinal bleeding issues, and is particularly prevalent in endurance runners <ref>Peters. H.P.F. et al. (2001). 'Potential benefits and hazards of physical activity and exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Gut vol 48, issue 3, 435-439</ref>. This paper entails the feasibility of two exercise modules test Crohn’s disease patients exercising at a high-intensity interval training level and at a moderately-intense continuous training level. Relating to current research, it investigates how intense and how much exercise a Crohn’s disease patient can do without exacerbating their symptoms. This research provides insight and a reliable foundation for future expansions of research into exercise with Crohn’s disease patients, as the majority of current research only reflects low-intensity exercise. * '''According to a prospective multi-centre cross-sectional study''' done by K Gatt et.al, they found that * '''According to a pilot study by''' Hassid, found that12 athletes that partook in running, marathon, half marathon, bicycle rides, and triathlon events has no significant increase of faecal calprotectin that would put them in a critical state in their CDAI score == Where is the Research From? == This research article was published by the reputable journal publisher, BMC Gastroenterology. Although, it is a reasonably new source, this journal is highly accepted as a reputable per-reviewed source and covers technology, gastroenterology, and the medicines categories <ref>Sci Journal. (2022). 'BMC Gastroenterology Impact Factor & Key Scientometrics'. Sci Journal</ref>. Recruitment was taken from 3 private hospitals in England <ref name=":0" />. The exercise modules were conducted at the University of Winchester by Garry.A. Tew. The data was analysed at the University of New York, York’s Trials Unit <ref name=":0" />. The paper was funded by the Living with IBD Research Programme at Crohn’s and Colitis UK, and continued testing for as long as they were funded for <ref name=":0" />. It was noted that the source of funding had no influence on the outcome and analysis of the results <ref name=":0" />. The authors have a reputable background. Specifically, Garry a Tew who has 86 research papers, investigating the effects of exercise-based programs on specific communities or health diseases. Professor Tew’s fellow co-authors; Dr Jones, Dr Leighton, Dr Bottoms, Dr Carpenter, Dr Anderson have done 3 other papers which embark on further research into Crohn’s disease and the effectiveness and quality of life from exercising with CD. == What Kind of Research Was This? == This research article is stated as a three-arm pilot randomised trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the High-intensity interval group, moderate-intensity continuous group, and parallel, a usual-care as the continuous group to standardise results collected. A pilot study is the necessary preliminary trial to then further expand upon to a randomised controlled trial which is the gold standard of studies <ref>Abbott. J.H. (2014). 'The distinction between randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and preliminary feasibility and pilot studies: What they are and are not'. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy vol 44, issue 8, 555-558. ''doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0110'' </ref>. Due to the delivery of the programs, it would be evident to the participants which intervention they were in. Other pilot trial investigations found indications of lean mass generation with high and moderate exercise<ref>Barnes.M.J. et al. (2019). 'P026 Relations between physical activity, diet, and body composition in perdiatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease'. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases vol 25, issue supplement_1, page S13. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izy393.030</nowiki></ref>, correlations of higher quality of life <ref name=":1" />, and without exacerbating any symptoms <ref>Zaltman.C. et al. (2014). 'Progressive resistance training improves muscle strength in women with inflammatory bowel disease and quadriceps weakness'. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Vol 8, Issue 12, Pages 1749-1750. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2014.09.001</nowiki></ref>. The authors disclosed that there were no conflicts of interests <ref name=":0" />. == What Did the Research Involve? == ·      The trial consisted of 53 participants being randomised into 3 separate armed programs. of the 36 sessions, 8 out of 12 participants completed 24 sessions. ·      Limitations of the study includes the self-reported measures ·      As stated in the paper the number of participants were minimal however, this pilot study does create opportunity for research to account for these numbers and expand the research based on this study ·      The methodology could have been reduced to a 2-arm study, this point was also mentioned in the paper to limit difficulty of recruiting participants ·      The program could have also included more variations of high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercises. This will ensure that ·      There were several limitations to this research paper: -       Heart rate and peak oxygen uptake was recorded throughout the trial to identify peak power output -       Endoscopies weren’t used to evaluate the degree of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract -       There was room for bias as the follow-up procedure, -       Interview feedback did provide evidence of participants having an overall enjoyment for the program {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |'''EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS''' |- |'''Control Group''' | * Participants proceed for the next 3 months with their own usual care |- |'''High-Intensity Interval Training''' | * '''Warm-up:''' 5-minutes at 15% peak power output * '''Session:''' 1-minute bouts at 90% peak power output ** 1-4 weeks: 148W ** 9-12 weeks: 173W * '''Cool-down:''' 3-minutes at 15% peak power output |- |'''Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training''' | * '''Warm-up:''' 5-minutes at 15% peak power output * '''Session:''' 30-minutes at 35% peak power output ** 1-4 weeks: 50W ** 9-12 weeks: 54W * '''Cool-down:''' 3-minutes at 15% peak power output |} == What Were the Basic Results? == ·      Peak oxygen uptake was significantly improved in the HIIT program in contrast to the MICT program when tested for the baseline to 3 months retest protocol. -       Peak oxygen uptake increased in the 3-months post program by 2.4 mL/kg/min for the HIIT group and 0.7mL/kg/min for the MICT ·      All exercise trials took place on a cycle ergometer. The high intensity and moderate intensity programs both started off with a 5-minute warm up at 15% peak power output (determined via baseline cardiopulmonary testing), with a 3-minute cool down session also at 15% peak power output. -       The HIIT session lasted for 28 minutes and consisted of 1-minute bouts of 90% peak power output and interspersed 1-minute bouts at 15% peak power output -       The MICT session went for 38 minutes and only consisted of a 30-minute cycle at 35% peak power output. * Maximum heart was 92% for HIIT and 68% for MICT * Self-reported decreases in inflammatory responses and less frequent bowel movements were noted. == What Conclusions Can We Take From This Research? == * High intensity interval training in comparison to moderate continuous training have both provided insight to being beneficial for Crohn’s disease patients to partake in both activities. * The HIIT and MICT exercise interventions improved those participants peak oxygen uptake within the 3 months of the program. * The CDAI score decreased for HIIT participants and increased slightly for the MICT, however both scores are still considered as asymptomatic remission. * Majority of patients reported that their intervention improved the quality of their life without causing CD symptoms and inflammation. There were also statements made how the trial motivated them to continue with the regime. * There were a couple of adverse-events that were due to the exercise interventions. It was reported that their CDAI scores were increased in disease activity, which returned back to the baseline measure within 1 week. However, it would be beneficial if a randomised controlled trial further expanded upon the safety of higher intensities of exercise on CD patients * Several participants were interested in doing variations of high-intensity exercises. A pilot trial provided evidence that a high-intensity muscle-focused program is feasible and safe for CD patients. == Practical Advice == * For future research, it would be best to investigate using patients that didn’t previously have private institute benefits as healthcare is not accessible to all and therefore is potentially a whole different case for non-private hospital patient friendly == Further Information/Resources == == References == <references /> {{BookCat}} 1ex2alq89jcwwqvl8o90hygmhiv23ua 112 449085 4673528 4106856 2026-10-01T18:47:24Z Omphalographer 3427146 fixing redirect 4673528 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Exercise as it relates to Disease/The Feasibility Of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Crohn's disease Patient]] 81964687wrfa5wqyrfr2i30cuuzyxbq 0 450373 4673572 4673169 2026-10-02T05:19:15Z Kai Burghardt 153973 reject the [[Special: Diff/4673169|last text change]] (by [[Special: Contributions/~2026-52662-19|4B7E76C2B]]) and restore [[Special: PermaLink/4212659|revision 4047B3]] by [[User: Soul windsurfer|Soul windsurfer]]: introduces syntax mistake [stray r] 4673572 wikitext text/x-wiki How Pascal can solve your problems? = Printer driver in PCL level III= Let's say we have a printer that our operating system does not support (there is no driver). What to do ? Write your own driver in Pascal. PCL (Printer Command Language)<ref>[[:w:Printer Command Language|PCL in wikipedii]] </ref> is a page description language (PDL) developed by Hewlett-Packard as a printer protocol and has become a de facto industry standard. The following module allows you to print, but only black and white. <syntaxhighlight lang="pascal"> {PRINTERM.PAS - printing graphical screen on Hewlet Packard Desk Jet 550 C printer ( using PCL level III language - only black and white )} Unit PrinterM; INTERFACE {****************************************************************} uses dos,graph; const LPT1=0; { printer port number } Escape=#27; FormFeed=#12; Reset=Escape+#69; LandscapePageOrientation=Escape+#38+#108+#49+#79; PortraitPageOrientation=Escape+#38+#108+#48+#79; StartGraphicsAtLeft=Escape+'*r0A'; StartGraphicsAtCurrent=Escape+'*r1A'; EndGraphics=Escape+'*rbC'; var rejestr:registers; Procedure WriteLst(text:string); Procedure PrinterTest; Procedure ScreenCopy(XminOfPrint,YminOfPrint,ResolutionOfPrint:integer); Procedure ScreenCopy1; IMPLEMENTATION {************************************************************} Procedure WriteLst(text:string); var i:integer; begin with rejestr do for i:=1 to Length(text) do begin Ah:=0; { function code, 0 indicates byte output } Dx:=LPT1; { printer port number } Al:=Byte(text[i]); { byte output } Intr($17,rejestr); end; { for i:=1 ... } end; { Procedure WriteLst } {...........................................................................} Procedure PrinterTest; { works in the text mode} begin rejestr.dx:=LPT1; { Port Number to which the printer is attached ; 0 = LPT1 } rejestr.ah:=2; { Function Number ; printer port status } Intr($17,rejestr); {BIOS Interrupt #17 : initializes the indicated printer port and returns its status } if rejestr.ah=144 { 10010000B : (bit 7) =1 i (bit 4) =1 } then writeLn('Printer on LPT1 is OK') else writeLn('Printer on LPT1 is not OK'); WriteLst(Reset); end; { Procedure PrinterTest } {..........................................................................} Procedure ScreenCopy(XminOfPrint,YminOfPrint,ResolutionOfPrint:integer); const Weighte: array[0..7] of byte=(1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128); var Xmax,Ymax,x,y:integer; NumberOfBytes, ResolutionOfPrintL, XminOfPrintL,YminOfPrintL:string; MyByte:byte; begin WriteLst(PortraitPageOrientation); {--------------------- ScreenResolution---------------------------------} Xmax:=GetMaxX; Ymax:=GetMaxY; {--------------------- NumberOfBytes in one horizontal line ----------} Str((Xmax div 8)+1,NumberOfBytes); {--------------------- Resolution of the print ---------------------------} Case ResolutionOfPrint of 75,100,150,300 : Str(ResolutionOfPrint,ResolutionOfPrintL); else if Xmax<=319 then ResolutionOfPrintL:='75' else if Xmax<=639 then ResolutionOfPrintL:='100' else ResolutionOfPrintL:='150'; end; { Case ResolutionOfPrint } WriteLst(Escape+'*t'+ResolutionOfPrintL+'R'); { set raster graphic printing resolution } {------------------- pozycja kursora -----------------------------------} Str(XminOfPrint,XminOfPrintL); Str(YminOfPrint,YminOfPrintL); WriteLst(Escape+'*p'+XminOfPrintL+'X' { pozycja kursora } +YminOfPrintL+'Y'); WriteLst(StartGraphicsAtCurrent); {----------------------------------------------------------------------} For y:=0 to Ymax do begin MyByte:=0; WriteLst(Escape+'*b'+NumberOfBytes+'W'); { transfer raster graphics } For x:=0 to Xmax do begin If GetPixel(x,y)<>black then Bajt:=Bajt+Weighte[7-(x mod 8)]; If ( x mod 8)=7 then begin WriteLst(Chr(MyByte)); Bajt:=0; end; { If ( x mod 8 ) ... } end; { for x:=0 ... } end; { for y:=0 ... } {---------------------------------------------------------------------} WriteLst(EndGraphics); WriteLst(FormFeed); end; { Procedure ScreenCopy } {..........................................................................} Procedure ScreenCopy1; const Weighte: array[0..7] of byte=(1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128); ResolutionOfPrint='75'; { dpi= dots per inch, jako lancuch } var Xmax,Ymax,x,y:integer; NumberOfBytes, ResolutionOfPrintL:string; MyByte:byte; kolor:word; begin WriteLst(PortraitPageOrientation); {--------------------- ScreenResolution---------------------------------} Xmax:=GetMaxX; Ymax:=GetMaxY; {--------------------- NumberOfBytes in one horizontal line ----------} Str((Xmax div 8)+1,NumberOfBytes); {--------------------- Resolution of the print ---------------------------} WriteLst(Escape+'*t'+ResolutionOfPrint+'R'); {------------------- Cursors position -----------------------------------} WriteLst(StartGraphicsAtLeft); {----------------------------------------------------------------------} For y:=0 to Ymax do begin MyByte:=0; WriteLst(Escape+'*b'+NumberOfBytes+'W'); { transfer raster graphics } For x:=0 to Xmax do begin If GetPixel(x,y)<>black then Bajt:=Bajt+Weighte[7-(x mod 8)]; If ( x mod 8)=7 then begin WriteLst(Chr(MyByte)); Bajt:=0; end; { If ( x mod 8 ) ... } end; { for x:=0 ... } end; { for y:=0 ... } {---------------------------------------------------------------------} WriteLst(EndGraphics); WriteLst(FormFeed); end; { Procedure ScreenCopy1 } END.{********************* modulu PrinterM **********************************} {Borland Turbo Pascal 7.0 programming language for Microsoft's MS-Dos operating system} </syntaxhighlight> {{Auto navigation|Getting started|Register}} [[Category:Book:Pascal Programming]] 7bxcixiks6xod1jad63ilrtdzrzdffy 0 450971 4673609 4409105 2026-10-02T11:28:37Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 addtion > addition 4673609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lombard/Morphology}}{{Bookcat}} __TOC__ {{Lombard-NOL}} ==Copulative conjuctions and copulative conjuctive locutions == ===Copulative conjunctions === {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctions<br>in English!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''e''' (1) | and | |{{Wt/lmo/tut}} |- |'''dessorapù''' (1) |in addition | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ===Copulative conjunctive locutions === {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locution<br>in English!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''e poeu''' (1) |and besides, and moreover | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''e anca''' (1) |in addtition | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} Furthermore '''[[Lombard/Adverbs and adverbial locutions#Adverbs and adverbial locutions of addition|adverbs of addition]]''' can play the role of copulative conjunction. ==Disjunctive conjuctions and disjunctive conjuctive locutions == ===Disjunctive conjuction=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunction<br>in Lombard!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''o''' (1) |or | | |- |'''opur''' (1) |or | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-VA}}{{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ===Disjunctive conjuctiuve locutions === {| class="wikitable" !Locuzzion<br>de sgiontadura!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialet |- |'''se de nò''' (1) |otherwise, else |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}{{Wt/lmo/+BG}}<br> | |- |'''putost che''' (1) |or |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} | |} ==Adversative conjuction and conjuctive locutions == ===Adversative conjuctions=== Adversative conjunctions join two words or two sentences ''at the same level but one against the other'' {| class="wikitable" !Conjunction<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''anzi''' (1) |in fact | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''ma''' (1) |but |L'è una macchina veggia, '''ma''' la fonziona an’mò ben.<br> (It's an old machine '''but''' it still works well) |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''però''' (1) |(a) but<br>(b) tough |L'è una macchina veggia, '''però''' la fonziona ancamò ben.<br> (It's an old machine '''but''' it still works well) |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}{{Wt/lmo/+BG}} |- |'''comunque''' (1) |however |L'è una macchina veggia, '''comunque''' la fonziona ancamò ben.<br> (It's an old machine '''however''' it still works well) |(1){{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''nondemen''' (1)<br>'''nondimen''' (2) |nevertheless | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br> (1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} (arcaich) |- |'''inveci''' (1) |but | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ===Locuzioni congiuntive avversative=== Adversative conjunctive locutions join two words or two sentences '''on the same level but against each other'''; the second sentence, which, using the conjunctions above would be a negation, must have the verb in the [[Lombard/Moods and verb tenses|infinitive]]. {|class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locution<br>in Lombard!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''inveci de'''/'''inveci che''' (1) |instead of |L'ha lavorad '''inveci che''' studià<br>(He worked '''instead of''' studying) |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''inscambi de'''/'''inscambi che''' (1) |instead of | | |- |'''al post che''' (1) |instead of | L'ha lavorad '''al post che''' studià<br>(He worked '''instead of''' studying) |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''piuttosto che''' (1) |rather than | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ==Congiunzioni e locuzioni congiuntive di tempo== ===Congiunzioni di tempo=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunction<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''finché''' (1) |till, as long as | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} There is also '''quand''' (when), especially in [[Lombard/The dialects of Lombard|Milanese dialect]] it is sometimes used without being followed by "che" (see below) due to the influence of the Italian language. ===Conjunctive locutions of time=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locution<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''intanta che''' (1) |while | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''in quella che''' (1) |while | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''quand che''' (1) |when | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''fina tant che''' (1) |as long as | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''fin per fina''' (1) |until | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} (arcaich) |- |'''dopo che''' (1) |aftyer | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''maneman che''' (1) |as | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''prima che''' (1) |before | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''inanz che''' (1) |before | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''semper che''' (1) |assuming | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''via via che ''' (1) |as | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ==Conjunctions and conjunctive locutions of cause== ===Conjunctions of cause=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunction<br>in Lombard!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''perchè''' (1) |because | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''che''' (1) |that |Son content '''che''' ti te seet chì.<br>(I’m glad you are here)<br><small>(english doesn’t use conjunctions in this case)</small> |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ===Conjunctive locutions of cause=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locution<br>in Lombard!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialet |- |'''desgià che''' (1) |as, because, since | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''del moment che''' (1) |since | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''vist che''' (1) |given that, since | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''dato che''' (1) |given that, since | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ==Conditional conjunctions and conjunctive locutions == ===Conditional conjunctions=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunction<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''se''' (1) |if | | |- |'''qualora''' (1) |in case, if | | |} ===Conditional conjunctive locutions === {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locution<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Exampleso!!Dialect |- |'''basta che''' (1) |as long as | | |- |'''con che''' (1) |provided that, on condition that, as long as | | |- |'''semai che''' (1) |if ever | | |- |'''quand che''' (1) |when | | |- |'''al cas che''' (1) |in case | | |- |'''senza che''' (1) |unless, wikthout | | |} ==Concessive conjunctions and concessive conjunctive locutions == ===Concessive conjunctions=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctions<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''ancaben''' (che) (1)<br>'''ansiben''' (che) (2) |although, though | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br> (2) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} (arc.) |- |'''siben''' (che) (1)<br>'''seben''' (che) (2)<br>'''siben che''' (3) | even if, although, though | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br>(2) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br>(3) {{Wt/lmo/+BG}} |- |'''nonostant''' (che) (1)<br>'''nonistant''' (che) (2) |although |'''Nonostant che''' l'aveva studiad poch l'hà passad l'esam istess<br> '''Although''' he had studied little he passed the exam anyway |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br>(2) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} (arcaich) |- |'''con-tut-ché''' (1)<br>'''con-toeut-ché''' (2) |although | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br>(2) {{Wt/lmo/+BG}} |- |'''quantunque''' (1) |although | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}< |} ===Concessive conjunctive locutions=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locutions<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''anca se''' (1) |even if | | |- |'''con tut che ''' (1)<br>'''con toeut che''' (2) |although | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br>(2) {{Wt/lmo/+BG}} |- |'''se anca''' (1) |even if | | |} ==Exceptive conjunctive locutions== {| class="wikitable" !Locuzioni congiuntive<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''condemanch che''' (1) |unless | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br> |- |'''foeura che''' (1) |except | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br> |- |'''via che''' (1) |except | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br> |- |'''che''' (1) |che <br>(same meaning as '''except'''<br>but is used in [[Lombard/Construction of the sentence|negating sentences]]) |No gh’hoo alter '''che''' ti<br>(I have nothing '''but''' you) |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br> |} ==Concluding conjuntion and conlucluding conjunctive locutions == ===Concluding conjunction=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctions<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''donca''' (1) |so | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''alora''' (1) |so | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''eben''' (1)<br> '''ben''' (2) |well | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''epur''' (1) |an yet | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |} ===Concluding conjunctive locutions=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locutions<br>in Lombard!!Traduzioni in Lombard!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''per quest''' (1) |so | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ==Conjunctions and conjunctive locutions of purpose== ===Conjunctions of purpose=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctions<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''ondeché''' (1) |in order to | |(1) {{wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ===Conjuntive locutions of purpose=== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locutions<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''de manera che''' (1)<br>(per fà) '''in manera che''' (2) |in order to | |(2) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''cont el fin che''' (1) |in order to | | |} ==Declarative conjunctions and declarative conjunctive locutions == Declarative conjunctions are used to start a sentence that explains what the previous sentence said; they are coordinating when the two sentences are at the same level, otherwise they are subordinating. ===Declarative conjunctions=== ====Congiunzioni dichiarative subordinanti==== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctions<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''che''' (1)<br>'''ca''' (2)<br> |(that)<br> (it introduce a subordinated sentences<br>wich best descrive the predicate) |T'avevi did '''che''' seri andad a scola.<br> I told you (that) I went to school<br><small>(In this cas English may not even use conjunctions)</small> |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br>(2) {{Wt/lmo/-VA}} |- |'''come''' (1) |how | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br> |} ====Coordinating declarative conjunctions==== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunction!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''cioè''' (1) |that is | | |- |'''idest''' (1) |i.e. | | |} ===Declarative conjunctive locutions=== ====Subordinating declarative conjunctive locutions==== {| class="wikitable" !Conjucntive locution<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''compagn che''' (1) |like | | |} ====Coordinating declarative conjunctive locutions==== {| class="wikitable" !Locuzioni congiuntive<br>in Lombard!!Translation into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''o ben''' (1) |that is | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''de fatt''' (1) |in fact | |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |} ==Correlative conjuctions== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunction!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''né...né''' (1) |no… no, not … or | | |- |'''tant..quant''' (1) |as…as | | |- |'''sia...sia''' (1) |both…and | | |- |'''sia...che''' (1) |both and |'''sia''' [[Lombard/Subject personal pronouns|te]] '''che''' [[Lombard/Subject personal pronouns |me]]<br>(both you and me) |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-Lagh}} |} ==Comparative conjuctions== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunction!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''che''' (1)<br>'''ca''' (2) |than |L'è mej lavorà '''che''' vesser disocupad<br>(It’s better to work '''than''' to be unemployed) |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}}<br> (2) {{Wt/lmo/-VA}} |} ==Consecutive conjuctions== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive locutions<br>in Lombard!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''tant che''' (1) |so much that | | |- |'''che''' (1) |that |A faseva inscì cald '''che''' 'l sariss stad mej se 'l diretor el n'havariss<br>permetud de tegnì su i calzoni curt in offizzi.<br>( It was so hot '''that''' it would have been better if the director had<br>consented us to wear shorts in the office) |{{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |} ==Limitating conjunctive locutions== {| class="wikitable" !Conjunctive<br>locutions!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''con tant''' (1) |as far as | | |} ==Relative conjunctions== {| class="wikitable" !Conjucntion!!Translation<br>into English!!Examples!!Dialect |- |'''indove''' (1) |where |Chess-chì l'è el post '''indove''' mi son nassud<br>this is the place '''where''' I was born. |(1) {{Wt/lmo/-MI}} |- |'''quand''' (1) / '''quand che''' (2) |when | | |} 3erugcugjqwtq1m8db0p4g3ex5t1518 1 460789 4673579 4320384 2026-10-02T06:27:09Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 It-is-Truly-Meet moved page [[Talk:Ukrainian/History]] to [[Talk:Ukrainian/History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language]]: Misspelled title 4320384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProject Languages}} 38hbwj9iqbeaitjnflo4v3h47z9whxy 4 464822 4673496 4671954 2026-10-01T16:50:11Z ~2026-52862-74 3627347 4673496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sandbox heading}} = Elena Yongping. Zhao = Elena Yongping Zhao va naixé en el 16 d'abril del 2008 en la ciutat de Manresa a Catalunya, Espanya. Va estudiar en l'institut Lluís del peguera durant els seus anys d'ESO i batxillerat. I actualment estudia un CFGS de Desenvolupament d'aplicacions web a l'institut Lacetània. [[File:Icon-Yoga Woman-1116649.svg|thumb|320x320px|Imatge icona de la autora en pose de yoga '''(2008)''']] Els es de nacionalitat xinesa, i actualment conviu amb la seva família a Manresa. == Lorem ipsum == <big>Lorem ipsum DOLOR sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In sollicitudin</big> mi eget fermentum fringilla. Aenean iaculis justo porttitor, laoreet ante in, ullamcorper sapien. '''Quisque eget''' aliquet arcu, eu fringilla sapien. Duis pretium, urna ut luctus pulvinar, purus urna interdum augue, '''faucibus tincidunt''' DOLOR lectus porttitor metus. Aliquam auctor scelerisque malesuada. Ut tempor aliquet ornare. Nam eros tellus, '''lacinia quis ullamcorper''' at, dapibus rhoncus urna. Sed efficitur ultricies nunc, auctor facilisis ligula fermentum ac. Ut lacinia pharetra luctus. Aenean nisl sem, ''tristique sit amet molestie ac, bibendum sollicitudin DOLOR. Nulla sollicitudin tempus turpis eget ultrices. Sed ut tempor neque. Pellentesque aliquam nunc vel sem pu''lvinar, et lacinia ligula tincidunt. Pellentesque tempor dignissim posuere. <small>Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Aliquam et nibh non quam lacinia auctor sit amet et nulla. Cras eu velit non elit commodo ultrices. Etiam laoreet elit vitae auctor porttitor. Nulla sapien massa, ultricies et dui vel, fringilla porttitor felis. Nam suscipit orci eget massa elementum mollis. Morbi nec odio et quam suscipit cursus at fermentum lacus. Vestibulum ornare libero maximus mi sollicitudin, eu placerat nisl fermentum.</small> === Dolor ipsum === * Duis a congue augue. Aliquam fermentum ante sapien, et tempor ex porta ac. Morbi luctus porta condimentum. In eros sem, placerat efficitur fermentum eget, hendrerit quis eros. Sed porta lacus turpis, vel ultricies turpis tempor quis. Aenean ipsum nunc, venenatis non rutrum nec, convallis non ex. Suspendisse commodo egestas nunc eu sagittis. Maecenas vel enim felis. Vestibulum velit massa, sodales sit amet magna sit amet, convallis tincidunt mauris. * Nunc ac massa id purus volutpat finibus vel ut erat. Proin dapibus turpis diam, vitae fringilla eros tristique quis. Vestibulum dignissim magna eget ex ultricies pellentesque. Morbi elementum enim non bibendum sodales. Aliquam ac imperdiet urna, sit amet ullamcorper dui. Etiam cursus sodales lobortis. Nam non fermentum urna. <blockquote>Maecenas eget vulputate tellus. Vestibulum posuere posuere nulla, a iaculis quam pharetra at. Duis ultricies maximus felis, ut vehicula purus elementum eget. Curabitur rutrum ante quis congue ornare. Donec consequat urna et molestie pharetr<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lorem Ipsum - All the facts - Lipsum generator |url=https://www.lipsum.com/feed/html |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.lipsum.com}}</ref>a. Aenean ultrices, mi a rhoncus tincidunt, massa tellus pulvinar lorem, eget eleifend dui libero at erat. In a blandit justo. Nunc nec congue dolor. </blockquote> 1o465l8f95jenr854m6rhzcfp5l7nng 4673497 4673496 2026-10-01T16:51:00Z ~2026-52862-74 3627347 4673497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sandbox heading}} = Elena Yongping. Zhao = Elena Yongping Zhao va naixé en el 16 d'abril del 2008 en la ciutat de Manresa a Catalunya, Espanya. Va estudiar en l'institut Lluís del peguera durant els seus anys d'ESO i batxillerat. I actualment estudia un CFGS de Desenvolupament d'aplicacions web a l'institut Lacetània. [[File:Icon-Yoga Woman-1116649.svg|thumb|320x320px|Imatge icona de la autora en pose de yoga '''(2008)''']] Els es de nacionalitat xinesa, i actualment conviu amb la seva família a Manresa. == Lorem ipsum == <big>Lorem ipsum DOLOR sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In sollicitudin</big> mi eget fermentum fringilla. Aenean iaculis justo porttitor, laoreet ante in, ullamcorper sapien. '''Quisque eget''' aliquet arcu, eu fringilla sapien. Duis pretium, urna ut luctus pulvinar, purus urna interdum augue, '''faucibus tincidunt''' DOLOR lectus porttitor metus. Aliquam auctor scelerisque malesuada. Ut tempor aliquet ornare. Nam eros tellus, '''lacinia quis ullamcorper''' at, dapibus rhoncus urna.<blockquote>Maecenas eget vulputate tellus. Vestibulum posuere posuere nulla, a iaculis quam pharetra at. Duis ultricies maximus felis, ut vehicula purus elementum eget. Curabitur rutrum ante quis congue ornare. Donec consequat urna et molestie pharetr<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lorem Ipsum - All the facts - Lipsum generator |url=https://www.lipsum.com/feed/html |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.lipsum.com}}</ref>a. Aenean ultrices, mi a rhoncus tincidunt, massa tellus pulvinar lorem, eget eleifend dui libero at erat. In a blandit justo. Nunc nec congue dolor. </blockquote> 4e83d2vdpwv8u2fzoch8z8no65kwj5k 4673547 4673497 2026-10-02T00:00:26Z JackBot 396820 Bot: Automatically cleaned 4673547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sandbox heading}} <!-- Hello! Feel free to try your formatting and editing skills below this line. As this page is for editing experiments, this page will automatically be cleaned every 12 hours. --> efa5udpbb942msq2oco4mlj2yz47q14 1 468905 4673477 4447025 2026-10-01T16:08:41Z ~2026-52660-80 3627341 4673477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} spañol | Italiano | 日本語 | Nederlands | Polska | Русский | 中文 == Isizulu == because I don<nowiki>''</nowiki>t know IsiZulu [[Special:Contributions/41.121.113.45|41.121.113.45]] ([[User talk:41.121.113.45|discuss]]) 06:19, 26 November 2024 (UTC) :I reply to this number 41-121-113-45 because I want to be a good learner [[Special:Contributions/41.121.113.45|41.121.113.45]] ([[User talk:41.121.113.45|discuss]]) 06:25, 26 November 2024 (UTC) g9cteh5k649hxw8mo2vmh47n58s0d6x 4673478 4673477 2026-10-01T16:08:59Z ~2026-52660-80 3627341 4673478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} spañol | Italiano | 日本語 | Nederlands | Polska | Русский | 中文 == Isizulu == because I don<nowiki>''</nowiki>t know IsiZulu [[Special:Contributions/41.121.113.45|41.121.113.45]] ([[User talk:41.121.113.45|discuss]]) 06:19, 26 November 2024 (UTC) 67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH67676776767676 drizzzyzyy AHHHHHHH :I reply to this number 41-121-113-45 because I want to be a good learner [[Special:Contributions/41.121.113.45|41.121.113.45]] ([[User talk:41.121.113.45|discuss]]) 06:25, 26 November 2024 (UTC) 9a9owlt6wjwiuid2bdwdbzpwnhzgelr 4673489 4673478 2026-10-01T16:14:12Z Saroj 3098642 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-52660-80|~2026-52660-80]] ([[User talk:~2026-52660-80|talk]]) to last version by 41.121.113.45 4447025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} == Isizulu == because I don<nowiki>''</nowiki>t know IsiZulu [[Special:Contributions/41.121.113.45|41.121.113.45]] ([[User talk:41.121.113.45|discuss]]) 06:19, 26 November 2024 (UTC) :I reply to this number 41-121-113-45 because I want to be a good learner [[Special:Contributions/41.121.113.45|41.121.113.45]] ([[User talk:41.121.113.45|discuss]]) 06:25, 26 November 2024 (UTC) glspu7jipwq5la77c0cbtl8s4kykzh6 2 471107 4673443 4673403 2026-10-01T13:49:18Z JJPMaster (bot) 3488561 Bot: Updating markAdmins data 4673443 json application/json { ".snoopy.": [ "global-rollbacker", "editor" ], "1234qwer1234qwer4": [ "editor", "steward" ], "157yagz5r48a5f1a1f": [ "editor" ], "1997kB": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer", "editor" ], "1F616EMO": [ "global-renamer" ], "1exec1": [ "transwiki", "editor" ], "1sfoerster": [ "editor" ], "20041027 tatsu": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "2005-Fan": [ "transwiki", "editor", "uploader" ], "331dot": [ 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Джепко": [ "editor" ], "יהודה שמחה ולדמן": [ "editor" ], "מקף": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ], "د. فارس الجويلي": [ "global-renamer" ], "روتانا": [ "global-renamer" ], "علاء": [ "steward", "vrt-permissions" ], "فيصل": [ "global-renamer", "vrt-permissions" ], "सीमा1": [ "editor" ], "タチコマ robot": [ "editor" ], "ネイ": [ "global-renamer" ], "一隻北極熊": [ "editor" ], "人间百态": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "臺灣象象": [ "autoreview" ], "范": [ "vrt-permissions" ], "魔琴": [ "global-rollbacker" ], "ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ": [ "editor" ], "기나ㅏㄴ": [ "global-rollbacker", "global-renamer" ] } ada7qlpcnkcfsxj1sw06yamirn40w8z 0 471972 4673455 4487960 2026-10-01T14:42:40Z Wedneedssayd 3627335 /* */ 4673455 wikitext text/x-wiki <em>This post was written by Caroline Winter, for the Electronic Textual Cultures Laboratory and the Implementing New Knowledge Environments partnership.</em> [https://www.scienceeurope.org/coalition-s/ cOAlition S] is a group of national research funding agencies that are working together to realize the principles of Plan S, which calls for full and immediate open access to publicly funded research across Europe. The coalition is supported by the European Commission and the European Research Council (ERC) and was announced in September . Plan S is an initiative of Science Europe, in collaboration with the open access envoy of the European Commission and national funding organizations, and the Scientific Council of the ERC. The Plan includes 10 principles that uphold the notion of universality upon which scientific research—a term meant to include the humanities and social sciences—depends (Schlitz). The 10 principles of Plan S support the following key principle: <blockquote>“After 1 January 2020 scientific publications on the results from research funded by public grants provided by national and European research councils and funding bodies, must be published in compliant Open Access Journals or on compliant Open Access Platforms” (Schlitz 2018, 3)</blockquote> In its [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en statement of support for Plan S and cOAlition S], the European Commission argues that “Free access to all scientific publications from publicly funded research is a moral right of citizens,” and calls for collective and immediate support from other research funding agencies (European Commission). In order to implement Plan S, the cOAlition has established a task force led by John-Arne Røttingen (Research Council of Norway) and David Sweeny (UK Research and Innovation). It is inviting other research funding agencies to join the coalition, which to date includes 13 funding agencies from 12 countries: Austria, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, and the UK (Science Europe). The announcement of Plan S and cOAlition S has been covered extensively in European press. The response is generally positive, although criticism of the Plan are voiced by opponents and supporters alike. An article in ''Science'' offers an overview of the response from various sectors, noting that OA advocates and many researchers are “delighted,” while many publishers have expressed concerns about the impact of the plan on commercial publishers and its potential to limit academic freedom (Enserink 2018). Negative responses express concern about the challenges publishers will face to meet the 2020 deadline, the effect of the plan on established journals—''Science'' and ''Nature'' specifically—and the Plan’s role in dictating which journals a researcher can publish in (A.B. 2018; Pells 2018a; Pells 2018c). An article in ''The Economist'' also notes that, with Plan S, “the era of the subscription scientific journal, which began with the publication in 1665 of the Royal Society’s ''Philosophical Transactions'', may come to an abrupt end” (A.B. 2018). Other responses concern the impact of the Plan on scholarly societies who rely on subscription fees to subsidize other activities (Pells 2018d) and the possibility of the Plan’s reach extending to the United States (Pells 2018b). Responses that are neutral or generally positive praise the boldness of the Plan as necessary for prompting real change. The ''Times Literary Supplement ''voices support for the Plan in an article by Tim Crane (2018) that compares the current academic publishing system to a state bakery that hires cake brokers to make the point that “journal publishing appears little better than a scam.” Crane notes that the academic community must work together to change the status quo and refers to [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/the-end-of-an-error-peer-review/ Timothy Gowers’s piece in the ][https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/the-end-of-an-error-peer-review/ ''TLS''] outlining some alternatives to the existing peer review model. Hubbard (2018) similarly calls for an overhaul of the current peer review system but notes the potential of the existing repository infrastructures to mitigate the challenges these widespread changes will pose. David Kernohan (2018), writing for ''Wonkhe'', similarly highlights the challenge of the Plan’s call for standardization across European institutions, and characterizes the response from some publishers—including Springer Nature—as “apocalyptic.” Among the academic community, responses to the announcement have been quite positive, but many express concern about implementation. OA advocates Peter Suber (2018) and Martin Paul Eve (2018) find many strong points in the plan, but both express concerns about how the principles will be implemented. Like Hubbard, Suber (2018) argues that Plan S downplays the importance of OA repositories as a means of implementing widespread change and argues that they are a means of implementing OA faster and on a broader scale than is practical for OA journals. The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) praises the plan, noting that its principles are in line with its own preferred mode of OA. SPARC (2018) calls it “ambitious” and, like Suber and Eve, notes that “the implementation details will be critically important.” Representatives for Springer Nature and ''Nature'' have released statements expressing agreement with the principle of open access while raising concerns about the Plan’s timeline, its effect on the global research community, and its refusal to accept hybrid publishing models (Else 2018; Inchcoombe 2018). In terms of how the policy will affect Canadian research, Kate Shuttleworth from Simon Fraser University notes that Canada’s three federal research funding agencies have in place an open access policy that is similar, at least in principle, to that of Plan S (2018). The major difference between Plan S and the [http://www.science.gc.ca/eic/site/063.nsf/eng/h_F6765465.html?OpenDocument Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications] is that the Policy allows a 12-month embargo period rather than immediate open access, has no restrictions over hybrid journals, and is arguably less easily enforceable (Shuttleworth 2018). Plan S mandates that European research funding agencies take meaningful action to make research open access, with cOAlition S in place to see ensure this mandate is achieved. Although commercial publishers have voiced concerns about the effect of the Plan on scholarly publishing as a whole and some OA advocates have raised concerns about how it will be implemented, overall the response to the plan is fairly positive, with many seeing it as a necessary step in the movement toward truly open access scholarship. ==Works Cited== *A.B. 2018. “An Explosion of Openness is About to Hit Scientific Publishing.” ''The Economist'', September 7, 2018. [https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/07/an-explosion-of-openness-is-about-to-hit-scientific-publishing?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/anexplosionofopennessisabouttohitscientificpublishingopenfuture https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/07/an-explosion-of-openness-is-about-to-hit-scientific-publishing?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/anexplosionofopennessisabouttohitscientificpublishingopenfuture]. *Crane, Tim. 2018. “The Peer Review Industry: Implausible and Outrageous.” ''Times Literary Supplement'', October 23, 2018. [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/peer-review-industry-implausible-outrageous/ https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/peer-review-industry-implausible-outrageous/]. *DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). 2018. “Coalition S.” November 9, 2018. [https://blog.doaj.org/tag/coalition-s/ https://blog.doaj.org/tag/coalition-s/]. *Else, Holly. 2018. “Radical Open-Access Plan Could Spell End to Journal Subscriptions.” ''Nature'', September 4, 2018. [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06178-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06178-7]. *Enserink, Martin. 2018. “European Science Funders Ban Grantees from Publishing in Paywalled Journals.” ''Science'', September 4, 2018. [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/european-science-funders-ban-grantees-publishing-paywalled-journals http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/european-science-funders-ban-grantees-publishing-paywalled-journals]. *European Commission. 2018. “‘Plan S’ and ‘cOAlition S’ – Accelerating the Transition to Full and Immediate Open Access to Scientific Publications.” September 4, 2018. [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en]. *Eve, Martin Paul. 2018. “On the Practical Implementation of Plan S.” October 3, 2018. [https://www.martineve.com/2018/10/03/on-the-practical-implementation-of-plan-s/ https://www.martineve.com/2018/10/03/on-the-practical-implementation-of-plan-s/]. *Hubbard, Bill. 2018. “Plan S will Bring Many Changes, but the Death of the Repository Should Not be One.” ''Times Higher Education'', October 21, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/plan-s-will-bring-many-changes-death-repository-should-not-be-one https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/plan-s-will-bring-many-changes-death-repository-should-not-be-one]. *Inchcoombe, Steven. 2018. “Accelerating Open Access: What is Missing from Plan S.” ''Springer Nature'', Springboard Blog, September 11, 2018. [https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/blog/blogposts/accelerating-open-access--what-is-missing-from-plan-s/16110314 https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/blog/blogposts/accelerating-open-access--what-is-missing-from-plan-s/16110314]. *Kernohan, David. 2018. “Open Access – ‘S’ Club is Going to Show You How.” ''Wonkhe'', September 4, 2018. [https://wonkhe.com/blogs/open-access-s-club-is-going-to-show-you-how/ https://wonkhe.com/blogs/open-access-s-club-is-going-to-show-you-how/]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018a. “European Funders set 2020 Deadline for Open Access Publishing.” ''Times Higher Education'', September 4, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/european-funders-set-2020-deadline-open-access-publishing https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/european-funders-set-2020-deadline-open-access-publishing]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018b. “Europe’s Plan S Aims for Expansion to US and Beyond.” Times Higher Education, October 16, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/europes-plan-s-aims-expansion-us-and-beyond https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/europes-plan-s-aims-expansion-us-and-beyond]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018c. “Plan S: A Shock or Solution for Academic Publishing?” ''Times Higher Education'', September 7, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-shock-or-solution-academic-publishing https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-shock-or-solution-academic-publishing]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018d. Plan S ‘Could Prove Fatal’ for Learned Societies. ''Times Higher Education'', October 19, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-could-prove-fatal-learned-societies https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-could-prove-fatal-learned-societies]. *Schlitz, Marc. 2018. 4 September 2018. “Science Without Publication Paywalls a Preamble to: cOAlition S for the Realisation of Full and Immediate Open Access.” September 4, 2018. [https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS.pdf https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS.pdf]. *Science Europe. 2018. “National Research Funding Organisations Participating in cOAlition S.” October 9, 2018. [https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf h][https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf ttps://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf] *Shuttleworth, Kate. 2018. “Plan S and cOAlition S – A Commitment to Open Access in the EU.” ''Radical Access: The SFU Scholarly Publishing Blog''. September 5, 2018. [https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/publish/scholarly-publishing/radical-access/plan-s-open-access https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/publish/scholarly-publishing/radical-access/plan-s-open-access] *SPARC. 2018. “Coalition of European Funders Announces ‘Plan S’ to Require Full OA, Cap APCs, & Disallow Publication in Hybrid Journals.” September 4, 2018. [https://sparcopen.org/news/2018/coalition-european-funders-announces-plan-s/ https://sparcopen.org/news/2018/coalition-european-funders-announces-plan-s/]. *Suber, Peter. 2018. “Thoughts on Plan S.” September 4, 2018. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/iGEFpdYY9dr https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/iGEFpdYY9dr]. {{BookCat}} 8ucqy6iuv09dvk3l98upqs93g87lxwm 4673456 4673455 2026-10-01T14:42:55Z Pristome 3519119 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/Wedneedssayd|Wedneedssayd]] ([[User talk:Wedneedssayd|talk]]) to last version by LodestarChariot2 4673456 wikitext text/x-wiki <em>This post was written by Caroline Winter, for the Electronic Textual Cultures Laboratory and the Implementing New Knowledge Environments partnership.</em> [https://www.scienceeurope.org/coalition-s/ cOAlition S] is a group of national research funding agencies that are working together to realize the principles of Plan S, which calls for full and immediate open access to publicly funded research across Europe. The coalition is supported by the European Commission and the European Research Council (ERC) and was announced in September 2018. Plan S is an initiative of Science Europe, in collaboration with the open access envoy of the European Commission and national funding organizations, and the Scientific Council of the ERC. The Plan includes 10 principles that uphold the notion of universality upon which scientific research—a term meant to include the humanities and social sciences—depends (Schlitz). The 10 principles of Plan S support the following key principle: <blockquote>“After 1 January 2020 scientific publications on the results from research funded by public grants provided by national and European research councils and funding bodies, must be published in compliant Open Access Journals or on compliant Open Access Platforms” (Schlitz 2018, 3)</blockquote> In its [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en statement of support for Plan S and cOAlition S], the European Commission argues that “Free access to all scientific publications from publicly funded research is a moral right of citizens,” and calls for collective and immediate support from other research funding agencies (European Commission). In order to implement Plan S, the cOAlition has established a task force led by John-Arne Røttingen (Research Council of Norway) and David Sweeny (UK Research and Innovation). It is inviting other research funding agencies to join the coalition, which to date includes 13 funding agencies from 12 countries: Austria, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, and the UK (Science Europe). The announcement of Plan S and cOAlition S has been covered extensively in European press. The response is generally positive, although criticism of the Plan are voiced by opponents and supporters alike. An article in ''Science'' offers an overview of the response from various sectors, noting that OA advocates and many researchers are “delighted,” while many publishers have expressed concerns about the impact of the plan on commercial publishers and its potential to limit academic freedom (Enserink 2018). Negative responses express concern about the challenges publishers will face to meet the 2020 deadline, the effect of the plan on established journals—''Science'' and ''Nature'' specifically—and the Plan’s role in dictating which journals a researcher can publish in (A.B. 2018; Pells 2018a; Pells 2018c). An article in ''The Economist'' also notes that, with Plan S, “the era of the subscription scientific journal, which began with the publication in 1665 of the Royal Society’s ''Philosophical Transactions'', may come to an abrupt end” (A.B. 2018). Other responses concern the impact of the Plan on scholarly societies who rely on subscription fees to subsidize other activities (Pells 2018d) and the possibility of the Plan’s reach extending to the United States (Pells 2018b). Responses that are neutral or generally positive praise the boldness of the Plan as necessary for prompting real change. The ''Times Literary Supplement ''voices support for the Plan in an article by Tim Crane (2018) that compares the current academic publishing system to a state bakery that hires cake brokers to make the point that “journal publishing appears little better than a scam.” Crane notes that the academic community must work together to change the status quo and refers to [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/the-end-of-an-error-peer-review/ Timothy Gowers’s piece in the ][https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/the-end-of-an-error-peer-review/ ''TLS''] outlining some alternatives to the existing peer review model. Hubbard (2018) similarly calls for an overhaul of the current peer review system but notes the potential of the existing repository infrastructures to mitigate the challenges these widespread changes will pose. David Kernohan (2018), writing for ''Wonkhe'', similarly highlights the challenge of the Plan’s call for standardization across European institutions, and characterizes the response from some publishers—including Springer Nature—as “apocalyptic.” Among the academic community, responses to the announcement have been quite positive, but many express concern about implementation. OA advocates Peter Suber (2018) and Martin Paul Eve (2018) find many strong points in the plan, but both express concerns about how the principles will be implemented. Like Hubbard, Suber (2018) argues that Plan S downplays the importance of OA repositories as a means of implementing widespread change and argues that they are a means of implementing OA faster and on a broader scale than is practical for OA journals. The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) praises the plan, noting that its principles are in line with its own preferred mode of OA. SPARC (2018) calls it “ambitious” and, like Suber and Eve, notes that “the implementation details will be critically important.” Representatives for Springer Nature and ''Nature'' have released statements expressing agreement with the principle of open access while raising concerns about the Plan’s timeline, its effect on the global research community, and its refusal to accept hybrid publishing models (Else 2018; Inchcoombe 2018). In terms of how the policy will affect Canadian research, Kate Shuttleworth from Simon Fraser University notes that Canada’s three federal research funding agencies have in place an open access policy that is similar, at least in principle, to that of Plan S (2018). The major difference between Plan S and the [http://www.science.gc.ca/eic/site/063.nsf/eng/h_F6765465.html?OpenDocument Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications] is that the Policy allows a 12-month embargo period rather than immediate open access, has no restrictions over hybrid journals, and is arguably less easily enforceable (Shuttleworth 2018). Plan S mandates that European research funding agencies take meaningful action to make research open access, with cOAlition S in place to see ensure this mandate is achieved. Although commercial publishers have voiced concerns about the effect of the Plan on scholarly publishing as a whole and some OA advocates have raised concerns about how it will be implemented, overall the response to the plan is fairly positive, with many seeing it as a necessary step in the movement toward truly open access scholarship. ==Works Cited== *A.B. 2018. “An Explosion of Openness is About to Hit Scientific Publishing.” ''The Economist'', September 7, 2018. [https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/07/an-explosion-of-openness-is-about-to-hit-scientific-publishing?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/anexplosionofopennessisabouttohitscientificpublishingopenfuture https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/07/an-explosion-of-openness-is-about-to-hit-scientific-publishing?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/anexplosionofopennessisabouttohitscientificpublishingopenfuture]. *Crane, Tim. 2018. “The Peer Review Industry: Implausible and Outrageous.” ''Times Literary Supplement'', October 23, 2018. [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/peer-review-industry-implausible-outrageous/ https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/peer-review-industry-implausible-outrageous/]. *DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). 2018. “Coalition S.” November 9, 2018. [https://blog.doaj.org/tag/coalition-s/ https://blog.doaj.org/tag/coalition-s/]. *Else, Holly. 2018. “Radical Open-Access Plan Could Spell End to Journal Subscriptions.” ''Nature'', September 4, 2018. [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06178-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06178-7]. *Enserink, Martin. 2018. “European Science Funders Ban Grantees from Publishing in Paywalled Journals.” ''Science'', September 4, 2018. [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/european-science-funders-ban-grantees-publishing-paywalled-journals http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/european-science-funders-ban-grantees-publishing-paywalled-journals]. *European Commission. 2018. “‘Plan S’ and ‘cOAlition S’ – Accelerating the Transition to Full and Immediate Open Access to Scientific Publications.” September 4, 2018. [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en]. *Eve, Martin Paul. 2018. “On the Practical Implementation of Plan S.” October 3, 2018. [https://www.martineve.com/2018/10/03/on-the-practical-implementation-of-plan-s/ https://www.martineve.com/2018/10/03/on-the-practical-implementation-of-plan-s/]. *Hubbard, Bill. 2018. “Plan S will Bring Many Changes, but the Death of the Repository Should Not be One.” ''Times Higher Education'', October 21, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/plan-s-will-bring-many-changes-death-repository-should-not-be-one https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/plan-s-will-bring-many-changes-death-repository-should-not-be-one]. *Inchcoombe, Steven. 2018. “Accelerating Open Access: What is Missing from Plan S.” ''Springer Nature'', Springboard Blog, September 11, 2018. [https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/blog/blogposts/accelerating-open-access--what-is-missing-from-plan-s/16110314 https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/blog/blogposts/accelerating-open-access--what-is-missing-from-plan-s/16110314]. *Kernohan, David. 2018. “Open Access – ‘S’ Club is Going to Show You How.” ''Wonkhe'', September 4, 2018. [https://wonkhe.com/blogs/open-access-s-club-is-going-to-show-you-how/ https://wonkhe.com/blogs/open-access-s-club-is-going-to-show-you-how/]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018a. “European Funders set 2020 Deadline for Open Access Publishing.” ''Times Higher Education'', September 4, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/european-funders-set-2020-deadline-open-access-publishing https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/european-funders-set-2020-deadline-open-access-publishing]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018b. “Europe’s Plan S Aims for Expansion to US and Beyond.” Times Higher Education, October 16, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/europes-plan-s-aims-expansion-us-and-beyond https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/europes-plan-s-aims-expansion-us-and-beyond]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018c. “Plan S: A Shock or Solution for Academic Publishing?” ''Times Higher Education'', September 7, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-shock-or-solution-academic-publishing https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-shock-or-solution-academic-publishing]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018d. Plan S ‘Could Prove Fatal’ for Learned Societies. ''Times Higher Education'', October 19, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-could-prove-fatal-learned-societies https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-could-prove-fatal-learned-societies]. *Schlitz, Marc. 2018. 4 September 2018. “Science Without Publication Paywalls a Preamble to: cOAlition S for the Realisation of Full and Immediate Open Access.” September 4, 2018. [https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS.pdf https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS.pdf]. *Science Europe. 2018. “National Research Funding Organisations Participating in cOAlition S.” October 9, 2018. [https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf h][https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf ttps://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf] *Shuttleworth, Kate. 2018. “Plan S and cOAlition S – A Commitment to Open Access in the EU.” ''Radical Access: The SFU Scholarly Publishing Blog''. September 5, 2018. [https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/publish/scholarly-publishing/radical-access/plan-s-open-access https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/publish/scholarly-publishing/radical-access/plan-s-open-access] *SPARC. 2018. “Coalition of European Funders Announces ‘Plan S’ to Require Full OA, Cap APCs, & Disallow Publication in Hybrid Journals.” September 4, 2018. [https://sparcopen.org/news/2018/coalition-european-funders-announces-plan-s/ https://sparcopen.org/news/2018/coalition-european-funders-announces-plan-s/]. *Suber, Peter. 2018. “Thoughts on Plan S.” September 4, 2018. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/iGEFpdYY9dr https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/iGEFpdYY9dr]. {{BookCat}} g1yins8x4e6sqg2p07phqjszxcfy7gt 4673457 4673456 2026-10-01T14:43:28Z Wedneedssayd 3627335 /* */ 4673457 wikitext text/x-wiki <em>This post was written by Caroline Winter, for the Electronic Textual Cultures Laboratory and the Implementing New Knowledge Environments partnership.</em> [https://www.scienceeurope.org/coalition-s/ cOAlition S] is a group of national research funding agencies that are working together to realize the principles of Plan S, which calls for full and immediate open access to publicly funded research across Europe. The coalition is supported by the European Commission and the European Research Council (ERC) and was announced in September . Plan S is an initiative of Science Europe, in collaboration with the open access envoy of the European Commission and national funding organizations, and the Scientific Council of the ERC. The Plan includes 10 principles that uphold the notion of universality upon which scientific research—a term meant to include the humanities and social sciences—depends (Schlitz). The 10 principles of Plan S support the following key principle: <blockquote>“After 1 January 2020 scientific publications on the results from research funded by public grants provided by national and European research councils and funding bodies, must be published in compliant Open Access Journals or on compliant Open Access Platforms” (Schlitz 2018, 3)</blockquote> In its [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en statement of support for Plan S and cOAlition S], the European Commission argues that “Free access to all scientific publications from publicly funded research is a moral right of citizens,” and calls for collective and immediate support from other research funding agencies (European Commission). In order to implement Plan S, the cOAlition has established a task force led by John-Arne Røttingen (Research Council of Norway) and David Sweeny (UK Research and Innovation). It is inviting other research funding agencies to join the coalition, which to date includes 13 funding agencies from 12 countries: Austria, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, and the UK (Science Europe). The announcement of Plan S and cOAlition S has been covered extensively in European press. The response is generally positive, although criticism of the Plan are voiced by opponents and supporters alike. An article in ''Science'' offers an overview of the response from various sectors, noting that OA advocates and many researchers are “delighted,” while many publishers have expressed concerns about the impact of the plan on commercial publishers and its potential to limit academic freedom (Enserink 2018). Negative responses express concern about the challenges publishers will face to meet the 2020 deadline, the effect of the plan on established journals—''Science'' and ''Nature'' specifically—and the Plan’s role in dictating which journals a researcher can publish in (A.B. 2018; Pells 2018a; Pells 2018c). An article in ''The Economist'' also notes that, with Plan S, “the era of the subscription scientific journal, which began with the publication in 1665 of the Royal Society’s ''Philosophical Transactions'', may come to an abrupt end” (A.B. 2018). Other responses concern the impact of the Plan on scholarly societies who rely on subscription fees to subsidize other activities (Pells 2018d) and the possibility of the Plan’s reach extending to the United States (Pells 2018b). Responses that are neutral or generally positive praise the boldness of the Plan as necessary for prompting real change. The ''Times Literary Supplement ''voices support for the Plan in an article by Tim Crane (2018) that compares the current academic publishing system to a state bakery that hires cake brokers to make the point that “journal publishing appears little better than a scam.” Crane notes that the academic community must work together to change the status quo and refers to [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/the-end-of-an-error-peer-review/ Timothy Gowers’s piece in the ][https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/the-end-of-an-error-peer-review/ ''TLS''] outlining some alternatives to the existing peer review model. Hubbard (2018) similarly calls for an overhaul of the current peer review system but notes the potential of the existing repository infrastructures to mitigate the challenges these widespread changes will pose. David Kernohan (2018), writing for ''Wonkhe'', similarly highlights the challenge of the Plan’s call for standardization across European institutions, and characterizes the response from some publishers—including Springer Nature—as “apocalyptic.” Among the academic community, responses to the announcement have been quite positive, but many express concern about implementation. OA advocates Peter Suber (2018) and Martin Paul Eve (2018) find many strong points in the plan, but both express concerns about how the principles will be implemented. Like Hubbard, Suber (2018) argues that Plan S downplays the importance of OA repositories as a means of implementing widespread change and argues that they are a means of implementing OA faster and on a broader scale than is practical for OA journals. The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) praises the plan, noting that its principles are in line with its own preferred mode of OA. SPARC (2018) calls it “ambitious” and, like Suber and Eve, notes that “the implementation details will be critically important.” Representatives for Springer Nature and ''Nature'' have released statements expressing agreement with the principle of open access while raising concerns about the Plan’s timeline, its effect on the global research community, and its refusal to accept hybrid publishing models (Else 2018; Inchcoombe 2018). In terms of how the policy will affect Canadian research, Kate Shuttleworth from Simon Fraser University notes that Canada’s three federal research funding agencies have in place an open access policy that is similar, at least in principle, to that of Plan S (2018). The major difference between Plan S and the [http://www.science.gc.ca/eic/site/063.nsf/eng/h_F6765465.html?OpenDocument Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications] is that the Policy allows a 12-month embargo period rather than immediate open access, has no restrictions over hybrid journals, and is arguably less easily enforceable (Shuttleworth 2018). Plan S mandates that European research funding agencies take meaningful action to make research open access, with cOAlition S in place to see ensure this mandate is achieved. Although commercial publishers have voiced concerns about the effect of the Plan on scholarly publishing as a whole and some OA advocates have raised concerns about how it will be implemented, overall the response to the plan is fairly positive, with many seeing it as a necessary step in the movement toward truly open access scholarship. ==Works Cited== *A.B. 2018. “An Explosion of Openness is About to Hit Scientific Publishing.” ''The Economist'', September 7, 2018. [https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/07/an-explosion-of-openness-is-about-to-hit-scientific-publishing?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/anexplosionofopennessisabouttohitscientificpublishingopenfuture https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/07/an-explosion-of-openness-is-about-to-hit-scientific-publishing?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/anexplosionofopennessisabouttohitscientificpublishingopenfuture]. *Crane, Tim. 2018. “The Peer Review Industry: Implausible and Outrageous.” ''Times Literary Supplement'', October 23, 2018. [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/peer-review-industry-implausible-outrageous/ https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/peer-review-industry-implausible-outrageous/]. *DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). 2018. “Coalition S.” November 9, 2018. [https://blog.doaj.org/tag/coalition-s/ https://blog.doaj.org/tag/coalition-s/]. *Else, Holly. 2018. “Radical Open-Access Plan Could Spell End to Journal Subscriptions.” ''Nature'', September 4, 2018. [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06178-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06178-7]. *Enserink, Martin. 2018. “European Science Funders Ban Grantees from Publishing in Paywalled Journals.” ''Science'', September 4, 2018. [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/european-science-funders-ban-grantees-publishing-paywalled-journals http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/european-science-funders-ban-grantees-publishing-paywalled-journals]. *European Commission. 2018. “‘Plan S’ and ‘cOAlition S’ – Accelerating the Transition to Full and Immediate Open Access to Scientific Publications.” September 4, 2018. [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en]. *Eve, Martin Paul. 2018. “On the Practical Implementation of Plan S.” October 3, 2018. [https://www.martineve.com/2018/10/03/on-the-practical-implementation-of-plan-s/ https://www.martineve.com/2018/10/03/on-the-practical-implementation-of-plan-s/]. *Hubbard, Bill. 2018. “Plan S will Bring Many Changes, but the Death of the Repository Should Not be One.” ''Times Higher Education'', October 21, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/plan-s-will-bring-many-changes-death-repository-should-not-be-one https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/plan-s-will-bring-many-changes-death-repository-should-not-be-one]. *Inchcoombe, Steven. 2018. “Accelerating Open Access: What is Missing from Plan S.” ''Springer Nature'', Springboard Blog, September 11, 2018. [https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/blog/blogposts/accelerating-open-access--what-is-missing-from-plan-s/16110314 https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/blog/blogposts/accelerating-open-access--what-is-missing-from-plan-s/16110314]. *Kernohan, David. 2018. “Open Access – ‘S’ Club is Going to Show You How.” ''Wonkhe'', September 4, 2018. [https://wonkhe.com/blogs/open-access-s-club-is-going-to-show-you-how/ https://wonkhe.com/blogs/open-access-s-club-is-going-to-show-you-how/]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018a. “European Funders set 2020 Deadline for Open Access Publishing.” ''Times Higher Education'', September 4, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/european-funders-set-2020-deadline-open-access-publishing https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/european-funders-set-2020-deadline-open-access-publishing]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018b. “Europe’s Plan S Aims for Expansion to US and Beyond.” Times Higher Education, October 16, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/europes-plan-s-aims-expansion-us-and-beyond https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/europes-plan-s-aims-expansion-us-and-beyond]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018c. “Plan S: A Shock or Solution for Academic Publishing?” ''Times Higher Education'', September 7, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-shock-or-solution-academic-publishing https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-shock-or-solution-academic-publishing]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018d. Plan S ‘Could Prove Fatal’ for Learned Societies. ''Times Higher Education'', October 19, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-could-prove-fatal-learned-societies https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-could-prove-fatal-learned-societies]. *Schlitz, Marc. 2018. 4 September 2018. “Science Without Publication Paywalls a Preamble to: cOAlition S for the Realisation of Full and Immediate Open Access.” September 4, 2018. [https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS.pdf https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS.pdf]. *Science Europe. 2018. “National Research Funding Organisations Participating in cOAlition S.” October 9, 2018. [https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf h][https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf ttps://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf] *Shuttleworth, Kate. 2018. “Plan S and cOAlition S – A Commitment to Open Access in the EU.” ''Radical Access: The SFU Scholarly Publishing Blog''. September 5, 2018. [https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/publish/scholarly-publishing/radical-access/plan-s-open-access https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/publish/scholarly-publishing/radical-access/plan-s-open-access] *SPARC. 2018. “Coalition of European Funders Announces ‘Plan S’ to Require Full OA, Cap APCs, & Disallow Publication in Hybrid Journals.” September 4, 2018. [https://sparcopen.org/news/2018/coalition-european-funders-announces-plan-s/ https://sparcopen.org/news/2018/coalition-european-funders-announces-plan-s/]. *Suber, Peter. 2018. “Thoughts on Plan S.” September 4, 2018. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/iGEFpdYY9dr https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/iGEFpdYY9dr]. {{BookCat}} 8ucqy6iuv09dvk3l98upqs93g87lxwm 4673459 4673457 2026-10-01T14:43:54Z Codename Noreste 3441010 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/Wedneedssayd|Wedneedssayd]] ([[User talk:Wedneedssayd|talk]]) to last version by Pristome 4673456 wikitext text/x-wiki <em>This post was written by Caroline Winter, for the Electronic Textual Cultures Laboratory and the Implementing New Knowledge Environments partnership.</em> [https://www.scienceeurope.org/coalition-s/ cOAlition S] is a group of national research funding agencies that are working together to realize the principles of Plan S, which calls for full and immediate open access to publicly funded research across Europe. The coalition is supported by the European Commission and the European Research Council (ERC) and was announced in September 2018. Plan S is an initiative of Science Europe, in collaboration with the open access envoy of the European Commission and national funding organizations, and the Scientific Council of the ERC. The Plan includes 10 principles that uphold the notion of universality upon which scientific research—a term meant to include the humanities and social sciences—depends (Schlitz). The 10 principles of Plan S support the following key principle: <blockquote>“After 1 January 2020 scientific publications on the results from research funded by public grants provided by national and European research councils and funding bodies, must be published in compliant Open Access Journals or on compliant Open Access Platforms” (Schlitz 2018, 3)</blockquote> In its [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en statement of support for Plan S and cOAlition S], the European Commission argues that “Free access to all scientific publications from publicly funded research is a moral right of citizens,” and calls for collective and immediate support from other research funding agencies (European Commission). In order to implement Plan S, the cOAlition has established a task force led by John-Arne Røttingen (Research Council of Norway) and David Sweeny (UK Research and Innovation). It is inviting other research funding agencies to join the coalition, which to date includes 13 funding agencies from 12 countries: Austria, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, and the UK (Science Europe). The announcement of Plan S and cOAlition S has been covered extensively in European press. The response is generally positive, although criticism of the Plan are voiced by opponents and supporters alike. An article in ''Science'' offers an overview of the response from various sectors, noting that OA advocates and many researchers are “delighted,” while many publishers have expressed concerns about the impact of the plan on commercial publishers and its potential to limit academic freedom (Enserink 2018). Negative responses express concern about the challenges publishers will face to meet the 2020 deadline, the effect of the plan on established journals—''Science'' and ''Nature'' specifically—and the Plan’s role in dictating which journals a researcher can publish in (A.B. 2018; Pells 2018a; Pells 2018c). An article in ''The Economist'' also notes that, with Plan S, “the era of the subscription scientific journal, which began with the publication in 1665 of the Royal Society’s ''Philosophical Transactions'', may come to an abrupt end” (A.B. 2018). Other responses concern the impact of the Plan on scholarly societies who rely on subscription fees to subsidize other activities (Pells 2018d) and the possibility of the Plan’s reach extending to the United States (Pells 2018b). Responses that are neutral or generally positive praise the boldness of the Plan as necessary for prompting real change. The ''Times Literary Supplement ''voices support for the Plan in an article by Tim Crane (2018) that compares the current academic publishing system to a state bakery that hires cake brokers to make the point that “journal publishing appears little better than a scam.” Crane notes that the academic community must work together to change the status quo and refers to [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/the-end-of-an-error-peer-review/ Timothy Gowers’s piece in the ][https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/the-end-of-an-error-peer-review/ ''TLS''] outlining some alternatives to the existing peer review model. Hubbard (2018) similarly calls for an overhaul of the current peer review system but notes the potential of the existing repository infrastructures to mitigate the challenges these widespread changes will pose. David Kernohan (2018), writing for ''Wonkhe'', similarly highlights the challenge of the Plan’s call for standardization across European institutions, and characterizes the response from some publishers—including Springer Nature—as “apocalyptic.” Among the academic community, responses to the announcement have been quite positive, but many express concern about implementation. OA advocates Peter Suber (2018) and Martin Paul Eve (2018) find many strong points in the plan, but both express concerns about how the principles will be implemented. Like Hubbard, Suber (2018) argues that Plan S downplays the importance of OA repositories as a means of implementing widespread change and argues that they are a means of implementing OA faster and on a broader scale than is practical for OA journals. The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) praises the plan, noting that its principles are in line with its own preferred mode of OA. SPARC (2018) calls it “ambitious” and, like Suber and Eve, notes that “the implementation details will be critically important.” Representatives for Springer Nature and ''Nature'' have released statements expressing agreement with the principle of open access while raising concerns about the Plan’s timeline, its effect on the global research community, and its refusal to accept hybrid publishing models (Else 2018; Inchcoombe 2018). In terms of how the policy will affect Canadian research, Kate Shuttleworth from Simon Fraser University notes that Canada’s three federal research funding agencies have in place an open access policy that is similar, at least in principle, to that of Plan S (2018). The major difference between Plan S and the [http://www.science.gc.ca/eic/site/063.nsf/eng/h_F6765465.html?OpenDocument Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications] is that the Policy allows a 12-month embargo period rather than immediate open access, has no restrictions over hybrid journals, and is arguably less easily enforceable (Shuttleworth 2018). Plan S mandates that European research funding agencies take meaningful action to make research open access, with cOAlition S in place to see ensure this mandate is achieved. Although commercial publishers have voiced concerns about the effect of the Plan on scholarly publishing as a whole and some OA advocates have raised concerns about how it will be implemented, overall the response to the plan is fairly positive, with many seeing it as a necessary step in the movement toward truly open access scholarship. ==Works Cited== *A.B. 2018. “An Explosion of Openness is About to Hit Scientific Publishing.” ''The Economist'', September 7, 2018. [https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/07/an-explosion-of-openness-is-about-to-hit-scientific-publishing?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/anexplosionofopennessisabouttohitscientificpublishingopenfuture https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/07/an-explosion-of-openness-is-about-to-hit-scientific-publishing?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/anexplosionofopennessisabouttohitscientificpublishingopenfuture]. *Crane, Tim. 2018. “The Peer Review Industry: Implausible and Outrageous.” ''Times Literary Supplement'', October 23, 2018. [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/peer-review-industry-implausible-outrageous/ https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/peer-review-industry-implausible-outrageous/]. *DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). 2018. “Coalition S.” November 9, 2018. [https://blog.doaj.org/tag/coalition-s/ https://blog.doaj.org/tag/coalition-s/]. *Else, Holly. 2018. “Radical Open-Access Plan Could Spell End to Journal Subscriptions.” ''Nature'', September 4, 2018. [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06178-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06178-7]. *Enserink, Martin. 2018. “European Science Funders Ban Grantees from Publishing in Paywalled Journals.” ''Science'', September 4, 2018. [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/european-science-funders-ban-grantees-publishing-paywalled-journals http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/european-science-funders-ban-grantees-publishing-paywalled-journals]. *European Commission. 2018. “‘Plan S’ and ‘cOAlition S’ – Accelerating the Transition to Full and Immediate Open Access to Scientific Publications.” September 4, 2018. [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/moedas/announcements/plan-s-and-coalition-s-accelerating-transition-full-and-immediate-open-access-scientific_en]. *Eve, Martin Paul. 2018. “On the Practical Implementation of Plan S.” October 3, 2018. [https://www.martineve.com/2018/10/03/on-the-practical-implementation-of-plan-s/ https://www.martineve.com/2018/10/03/on-the-practical-implementation-of-plan-s/]. *Hubbard, Bill. 2018. “Plan S will Bring Many Changes, but the Death of the Repository Should Not be One.” ''Times Higher Education'', October 21, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/plan-s-will-bring-many-changes-death-repository-should-not-be-one https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/plan-s-will-bring-many-changes-death-repository-should-not-be-one]. *Inchcoombe, Steven. 2018. “Accelerating Open Access: What is Missing from Plan S.” ''Springer Nature'', Springboard Blog, September 11, 2018. [https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/blog/blogposts/accelerating-open-access--what-is-missing-from-plan-s/16110314 https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/blog/blogposts/accelerating-open-access--what-is-missing-from-plan-s/16110314]. *Kernohan, David. 2018. “Open Access – ‘S’ Club is Going to Show You How.” ''Wonkhe'', September 4, 2018. [https://wonkhe.com/blogs/open-access-s-club-is-going-to-show-you-how/ https://wonkhe.com/blogs/open-access-s-club-is-going-to-show-you-how/]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018a. “European Funders set 2020 Deadline for Open Access Publishing.” ''Times Higher Education'', September 4, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/european-funders-set-2020-deadline-open-access-publishing https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/european-funders-set-2020-deadline-open-access-publishing]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018b. “Europe’s Plan S Aims for Expansion to US and Beyond.” Times Higher Education, October 16, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/europes-plan-s-aims-expansion-us-and-beyond https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/europes-plan-s-aims-expansion-us-and-beyond]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018c. “Plan S: A Shock or Solution for Academic Publishing?” ''Times Higher Education'', September 7, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-shock-or-solution-academic-publishing https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-shock-or-solution-academic-publishing]. *Pells, Rachael. 2018d. Plan S ‘Could Prove Fatal’ for Learned Societies. ''Times Higher Education'', October 19, 2018. [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-could-prove-fatal-learned-societies https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/plan-s-could-prove-fatal-learned-societies]. *Schlitz, Marc. 2018. 4 September 2018. “Science Without Publication Paywalls a Preamble to: cOAlition S for the Realisation of Full and Immediate Open Access.” September 4, 2018. [https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS.pdf https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS.pdf]. *Science Europe. 2018. “National Research Funding Organisations Participating in cOAlition S.” October 9, 2018. [https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf h][https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf ttps://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cOAlitionS_National_Funders.pdf] *Shuttleworth, Kate. 2018. “Plan S and cOAlition S – A Commitment to Open Access in the EU.” ''Radical Access: The SFU Scholarly Publishing Blog''. September 5, 2018. [https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/publish/scholarly-publishing/radical-access/plan-s-open-access https://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/publish/scholarly-publishing/radical-access/plan-s-open-access] *SPARC. 2018. “Coalition of European Funders Announces ‘Plan S’ to Require Full OA, Cap APCs, & Disallow Publication in Hybrid Journals.” September 4, 2018. [https://sparcopen.org/news/2018/coalition-european-funders-announces-plan-s/ https://sparcopen.org/news/2018/coalition-european-funders-announces-plan-s/]. *Suber, Peter. 2018. “Thoughts on Plan S.” September 4, 2018. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/iGEFpdYY9dr https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/iGEFpdYY9dr]. {{BookCat}} g1yins8x4e6sqg2p07phqjszxcfy7gt 0 474145 4673596 4672162 2026-10-02T10:02:06Z R. Henrik Nilsson 3395618 invitiation > invitation 4673596 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|= |Nimzowitsch-Larsen, English variation| |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|= | | | | | | | | |= | | |pd| | | | | |= | | | | | | | | |= | |pl| | | | | | |= |pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|= |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= |moves=1. b3 c5 |eco=[[Chess/ECOA|A01]] |parent=[[../|Nimzowitsch-Larsen Attack]] }} ==1...c5 · English variation== '''1...c5''' is a sideline pursued by Black when they assume White will be more booked up with the theory following [[../1...e5|'''1...e5''']] or [[../1...d5|'''1...d5''']]. Having committed to b3 already, White's continuation is invariably '''2. Bb2''', but, since 1...c5 does not control e4 or c4, Black invites White to later play e4 themselves, transposing into a [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. b3|b3 Sicillian]], or c4, transposing into a [[Chess Opening Theory/1. c4/1...c5|Symmetrical English]], which Black hopes to be more comfortable playing. Most commonly, White declines this invitation and keeps things in Nimzo-Larsen territory with '''3. e3'''. Then, Black can choose to play e5 or d5 with the additional central control afforded by having already played c5. ==Theory table== '''1.b3 c5''' {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" |- ! ! align="left" | 2 ! align="left" | 3 ! align="left" | 4 ! align="left" | 5 ! align="left" | 6 ! align="left" | 7 ! align="left" | 8 ! align="left" | 9 |- ! align="right" | Nimzowitsch-Larsen Attack,<br> English Variation | [[/2...Bb2/|Bb2]]<br>Nc6 || e3<br>Nf6 || Nf3<br>g6 || Be2<br>Bg7 || 0-0<br>b6 || d3<br>Bb7 || Nbd2<br>e6 || a3<br>Qe7 |=<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kasparov |first1=Gary |last2=Keene |first2=Raymond |date=1986 |orig-date=First published 1982 |title=Batsford Chess Openings |location=London |publisher=B.T.Batsford Ltd. |isbn=0 7134 2114 2 |edition=4th}}</ref> |- ! align="right" | | ...<br>... || ...<br>e5 || || || || || || |= |- ! align="right" | | ...<br>... || ...<br>d5 || || || || || || |= |- ! align="right" | b3 Sicilian | ...<br>... || e4<br> || || || || || || |= |- ! align="right" | Symmetrical English | ...<br>... || c4<br> || || || || || || |= |} {{Chess Opening Theory/Table}} {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[https://www.365chess.com/eco/A01_Nimzovich-Larsen_attack_English_variation A01: Nimzovich-Larsen attack, English variation] {{Wikipedia|Nimzovich-Larsen Attack}} {{ChessFooter}} m257zcuk2so818mr79h427vldk7cpui 0 481630 4673460 4618520 2026-10-01T14:46:39Z Atiedebee 3523910 Added some analysis of responses and ideas. 4673460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Portisch-Hook variation |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C18]] |parent=[[../|Winawer variation]] }} == 6...Qa5 · Portisch-Hook variation == Black decides to poke at White's queenside, hoping for them to misplace their pieces. White's best option is to defend the pawn with '''7. Bd2'''. That is not the end of Black's plan however. After 7...Qa4 Black prevents White from pushing the a-pawn further and tries to keep White's queen stuck defending the c-pawn, though there are still some tricks. 8. Qg4 is the main line. White tries to get Black to weaken their kingside by either forfeiting castling rights with 8...Kf8 or by weakening the dark squares around the king with 8...g6. After either move, White can simply retreat the queen to d1, or play 9. Nf3 to castle kingside quickly. Losing the c2-pawn is usually not a big issue for White because they get a big development lead in return. 8. Qb1 is an alternative, looking for 9. Bb5+ to win the queen. Usually 8...c4 is played to prevent this plan and grab space on the queenside. Apart from the slightly odd queen placement, Black can usually employ the usual ideas of the Winawer like ...b6 in order to trade off the light-squared bishops. White also has the common idea of h2-h4-h5 to start a king-side attack. === History === The variation is likely named after the players [[w:Lajos Portisch| Lajos Portisch]] and [https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=18784 William Hook]. Hook played this variation against [[w:Bobby Fischer|Bobby Fischer]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1044303 |website=www.chessgames.com |title=Fischer - Hook, Siegen, rd. 5, 1970 |access-date=10 February 2026 }}</ref> who beat him and presumably gave some improvements.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=18784 |website=www.chessgames.com |title=William Hook |access-date=10 February 2026 }}</ref> == Theory table == {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table |links=0 |line1=7. Bd2 Qa4 8. Qg4 Kf8 9. Qd1 b6 |line2=7. ... ... 8. Qb1 c4 }} {{ChessMid}} == References == {{reflist}} === See also === {{cite web |url=https://www.chesspublishing.com/content/2/apr18.htm#win |title=IM John Watson examines the Winawer main lines |website=www.chesspublishing.com}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} 5pb769mdc8gk4ep6yp0j1c87ron1m37 4 485351 4673560 4673065 2026-10-02T03:58:23Z Matovu Trevor 3620409 4673560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=Checked using AI checkers, they claim the page was generated with the use of AI. Adding tag to make sure that the page has a thorough review.}} == Social Behaviors<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Handbook of Social Psychology {{!}} Open Publishing |url=https://openpublishing.princeton.edu/projects/the-handbook-of-social-psychology |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=openpublishing.princeton.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> == The book examines how people behave and interact with others in families, schools, workplaces, communities, and online environments. It explores both positive and negative social behaviors and how they influence relationships and society. Target audience: Adults The language will be very clear, practical, and accessible to adult readers while introducing important psychological and social concepts where necessary. === Book summary === Social Behaviors provides a practical introduction to the ways people behave and interact with one another in everyday life. The book examines communication, co-operation, respect, empathy, conflict, peer influence, social norms, and behavior in digital spaces. It connects basic social and physiology concepts with practical examples that adults can apply in their personal, professional, and community relationships. === Introduction: Beyond the Post Button === The introduction explains why social behavior matters and how human interaction goes beyond online communication. It introduces the importance of understanding people's actions, emotions, communication styles, and responses in different social environments. === Chapter one: Understanding Social behavior<ref>{{Cite web |title=understanding social behavirs - Search Videos |url=https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=understanding+social+behavirs&mid=5AC81071065E50FAB1555AC81071065E50FAB155&churl=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm-FKdCIn4xFS9f49APqHpA&FORM=VIRE |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=www.bing.com}}</ref> === 1.1 Social behavior Social behavior refers to the way people behave, communicate and interact with one another in society. It includes the way people form relationships, cooperate, communicate, help others, respond to different situations and follow rules. Social behavior can be positive, such as kindness, cooperation and respect, or negative, such as aggression, discrimination and bullying. Social behavior is important because human beings live in groups and depend on one another. The way individuals behave affects their families, friends, schools, workplaces and communities. Social behavior is influenced by both nature and nurture. 1.2 Nature vs nurture Nature refers to the biological characteristics and tendencies that a person inherits from their parents. These may influence personality, temperament and the way a person naturally responds to situations. Nurture refers to the influence of the environment and experiences in which a person grows. Family upbringing, education, culture, friends, religion and the community can all shape behavior. Nature and nurture work together. For example, a person may naturally be quiet, but living in a supportive environment may help them become more confident and sociable. Culture is the shared way of life of a particular group of people. It includes language, beliefs, values, customs, traditions, food, dress and ways of interacting. Culture influences social behavior by teaching people what is considered right, wrong, polite or unacceptable. For example, in many communities, children are expected to respect and greet elders. 1.3 Social expectations Social expectations are the behaviors that people expect from others in particular situations. Students are expected to respect teachers, workers are expected to perform their duties, and members of a community are expected to follow accepted ways of living. However, expectations may differ between cultures. Understanding these differences helps people respect others and avoid misunderstandings. 1.4 Social norms Social norms are the accepted rules and standards that guide how people are expected to behave in society. Some norms are written, while others are unwritten. Examples include greeting people, respecting elders, queuing when waiting for a service, keeping public places clean and following laws. Social norms help to maintain order and make it easier for people to live peacefully together. When people repeatedly break important norms, they may face criticism, rejection or punishment. Social differences refer to the ways in which individuals and groups differ from one another. People may differ in age, gender, education, occupation, income, language, culture, personality and family background. Social differences can benefit society because people bring different ideas, skills, experiences and ways of thinking. However, when differences are not respected, they can lead to prejudice, discrimination, conflict and social exclusion. 1.5 Factors That Influence Social Behavior Several factors influence how people behave towards others. These include: Family: Children learn manners, values and ways of interacting from family members. Culture: Culture influences beliefs, customs and acceptable ways of behaving. Friends: Peer groups can influence attitudes, language and behavior. Education: Schools teach discipline, cooperation, responsibility and respect. Religion: Religious beliefs can influence moral values and relationships. Media and technology: Social media, television and the internet can influence people's attitudes and behaviour. Personality: People have different personalities, which affect how they interact with others. Environment: The community and surroundings where a person lives can shape behaviour. Life experiences: Experiences such as success, failure, conflict and friendship can change the way people behave. === Chapter 2ː Communication and Human Interaction<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-27 |title=Defining Human Communication: Understanding Meaning and Connection - NGO Management Notes |language=en-US |work=NGO Management |url=https://ngo.management/introduction-to-ngo-management/defining-human-communication-meaning-connection/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> === Communication is an important part of human interaction. People communicate every day with family members, friends, teachers, colleagues and other members of society. Good communication helps people understand one another, build relationships, solve problems and avoid unnecessary conflicts. Communication is not only about speaking. People also communicate through facial expressions, gestures, body movements, eye contact and tone of voice. 2.1 Verbal communication and Non-verbal communication Verbal communication is the use of spoken or written words to share information, thoughts, feelings and ideas with other people. Examples include; talking to a friend, giving instructions, having a conversation, making a speech, sending a text message, writing a letter or email. Effective verbal communication requires clear language, appropriate words and a message that the other person can understand. The way something is said is also important. A polite and calm tone can make communication more positive, while an angry or insulting tone can create conflict. Non-verbal communication is the passing of information without using spoken or written words. For example, smiling can show happiness or friendliness, while avoiding eye contact may sometimes show nervousness or discomfort. Non-verbal communication can support spoken words, but it can also sometimes send a different message from what a person is saying. 2.2 Empathy Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings or to try to see a situation from their point of view. An empathetic person tries to understand what another person may be experiencing instead of immediately judging them. For example, if a friend loses a loved one, showing empathy means listening to them, acknowledging their pain and offering appropriate support. Empathy helps people: build stronger relationships; understand others better; reduce conflicts; show compassion; provide emotional support. 2.3 Active Listening Active listening means giving full attention to another person in order to understand what they are saying. An active listener: pays attention; maintains appropriate eye contact; avoids unnecessary interruptions; asks questions when something is unclear; shows interest; remembers important information; responds appropriately. For example, when someone is explaining a problem, an active listener does not use the opportunity to prepare their own response. They first try to understand the person's message. Active listening improves communication because it reduces confusion and makes people feel heard and respected. 2.4 Misunderstandings and Their Causes A misunderstanding occurs when a person interprets a message differently from what the sender intended. Misunderstandings can happen in everyday conversations and may sometimes lead to arguments or broken relationships. Causes of misunderstandings Poor communication – A person may fail to explain their message clearly. Language differences – People may use different languages, accents or meanings of words. Poor listening – Someone may hear the words without paying attention to the actual message. Assumptions – A person may make conclusions without asking for clarification. Emotions – Anger, fear or sadness can affect how people understand messages. Cultural differences – The same gesture or expression may have different meanings in different cultures. Tone of voice – A message can sound rude, angry or sarcastic even when that was not intended. Non-verbal signals – Facial expressions and body language may contradict spoken words. Noise and distractions – Physical or technological distractions can cause people to miss important information. Misunderstandings can be reduced by speaking clearly, listening carefully, asking questions and avoiding unnecessary assumptions. 2.5 Respectful Communication Respectful communication is communicating with others in a polite, considerate and fair manner, even when people have different opinions. Respectful communication involves: using polite language; listening when others are speaking; avoiding insults and offensive language; respecting different opinions; speaking calmly; avoiding unnecessary shouting; giving others a chance to express themselves; disagreeing without attacking the person. For example, instead of saying, "You are completely wrong," a person can say, "I understand your point, but I have a different opinion." Respectful communication creates trust and makes it easier for people to solve disagreements peacefully. 2.6 Body Language Body language is the way people communicate through movements, posture, gestures and physical expressions. Examples of body language include: Eye contact: May show attention, confidence or interest. Smiling: May communicate friendliness or happiness. Crossed arms: May sometimes suggest defensiveness or discomfort. Nodding: Often shows agreement or that someone is following a conversation. Standing upright: May communicate confidence. Looking away: May sometimes indicate discomfort, distraction or lack of interest. Hand gestures: Can help explain or emphasize a message. However, body language should not always be interpreted in isolation. The meaning of a gesture can depend on the person's culture, situation and personality. 2.7 Importance of Effective Communication Effective communication helps people to: understand one another, build healthy relationships, express feelings and ideas, solve problems, prevent misunderstandings, manage conflicts, work together, develop trust and cooperation. Good communication therefore requires more than simply speaking. It involves speaking clearly, listening actively, showing empathy, using appropriate body language and respecting other people. === Chapter 3ː Relationships, Cooperation and conflict === 3.1 Relationships Human beings are social beings who depend on one another for emotional, social and practical support. Throughout life, people form different kinds of relationships with family members, friends, classmates, workmates, neighbours and other members of society. These relationships can bring happiness, support, encouragement and a sense of belonging. However, relationships are not always easy. People have different personalities, opinions, needs, beliefs and expectations. These differences can sometimes lead to disagreements and conflicts. The ability to build healthy relationships, cooperate with others and resolve disagreements peacefully is therefore an important part of positive social behavior. 3.2 Building Healthy Relationships A relationship is a connection or association between two or more people. Relationships can be based on family ties, friendship, work, education, marriage, neighborhood or shared interests. A healthy relationship is one in which people treat each other with respect, honesty, care and understanding. Healthy relationships allow people to feel valued, safe and accepted. Building a healthy relationship takes time and effort. It requires people to communicate openly, keep promises, respect boundaries and support one another. Ways of building healthy relationships Trust: People should be able to depend on one another and believe that the other person will act honestly. Respect: Each person should recognize the worth and dignity of the other. Good communication: People should express their thoughts and feelings clearly and listen to one another. Honesty: Being truthful helps prevent suspicion and creates stronger relationships. Empathy: Understanding another person's feelings makes it easier to respond with care. Support: People should encourage and help one another during both good and difficult times. Forgiveness: People sometimes make mistakes. Being willing to forgive can help relationships recover from disagreements. Healthy relationships do not mean that people never disagree. Instead, they mean that disagreements are handled in a respectful and constructive manner. 3.3 Trust and Cooperation Trust is the belief that another person can be relied upon to be honest, responsible and dependable. Trust develops gradually through people's actions. When someone keeps promises, tells the truth and respects confidential information, others are more likely to trust them. Trust is important in families, friendships, workplaces and communities. Without trust, people may become suspicious and unwilling to cooperate. Cooperation is the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. For example, students may cooperate when completing a group assignment. Community members may cooperate when cleaning their neighborhood. Importance of cooperation Cooperation: helps people achieve goals; encourages teamwork; reduces unnecessary conflict; allows people to share skills and ideas; strengthens relationships; promotes unity; makes difficult tasks easier. Trust and cooperation are closely connected. People are generally more willing to cooperate when they trust one another. 3.4 Friendship and Family Relationships Friendship is a voluntary relationship between people who share affection, trust, companionship or common interests. Good friendships can provide emotional support, advice, encouragement and companionship. Friends can influence each other's attitudes and behavior, so choosing positive friends is important. A healthy friendship is usually characterized by: trust; honesty; respect; loyalty; mutual support; good communication; understanding; acceptance of differences. Family relationships are also important because the family is often the first social environment in which people learn how to interact with others. Families provide care, protection, emotional support, guidance and a sense of belonging. However, disagreements can occur within families because members have different needs and opinions. Open communication, patience and forgiveness can help maintain strong family relationships. 3.5 Workplace Relationships Workplace relationships are the relationships that develop between people in an organisation or place of work. People may work with supervisors, colleagues, employees, customers and other members of the organisation. Positive workplace relationships can improve teamwork and productivity. Good workplace relationships require: respect for colleagues; clear communication; cooperation; honesty; professionalism; responsibility; appreciation of other people's contributions. Poor workplace relationships can result in stress, arguments, poor teamwork and reduced productivity. People should therefore learn to separate personal disagreements from their professional responsibilities and deal with workplace problems appropriately. 3.6 Causes of Social Conflict Conflict is a disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups because of differences in opinions, interests, values, needs or goals. Conflict is a normal part of human interaction. It does not always mean that people hate one another. Sometimes people simply have different ways of seeing a situation. Causes of social conflict include: Differences in opinions – People may have different ideas about how something should be done. Competition for resources – Conflict may occur when people compete for limited resources such as money, land, jobs or opportunities. Poor communication – Unclear messages and misunderstandings can create disagreements. Cultural differences – Different traditions and beliefs can sometimes create tension. Discrimination – Treating people unfairly because of their differences can lead to resentment and conflict. Jealousy – Feelings of jealousy may damage friendships and relationships. Power and control – People may disagree over who should make decisions or control resources. Unresolved disagreements – Small problems can become serious when they are ignored. Prejudice and stereotypes – Negative beliefs about particular groups can create division. Economic difficulties – Poverty and inequality can contribute to tension within communities. 3.7 Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution refers to the process of dealing with disagreements and finding peaceful solutions that address the concerns of the people involved. Conflict should not always be solved through force or aggression. People can use communication, negotiation, mediation and compromise. Steps in conflict resolution Identify the problem: The people involved should understand what caused the disagreement. Listen to each other: Each person should be given an opportunity to explain their position. Remain calm: Anger and insults can make the situation worse. Find common ground: People should identify areas where they agree. Consider possible solutions: Different solutions should be discussed. Compromise: Sometimes each side must give up something in order to reach an acceptable agreement. Agree on a solution: The people involved should decide how the problem will be addressed. Follow up: The situation should be monitored to ensure that the conflict does not return. Conflict resolution helps people maintain relationships and avoid unnecessary violence. 3.8 Forgiveness and Reconciliation Forgiveness is the decision to let go of resentment or anger towards someone who has caused harm or offence. Forgiveness does not necessarily mean pretending that the wrongdoing never happened. Instead, it involves choosing not to remain controlled by anger or hatred. Reconciliation is the process of restoring a damaged relationship and rebuilding trust between people or groups. Forgiveness can contribute to reconciliation, but reconciliation may require additional steps such as an apology, acceptance of responsibility, compensation, changed behavior and rebuilding trust. Forgiveness and reconciliation can help individuals and communities move beyond past disagreements and establish healthier relationships. === Chapter 4ː Positive and negative social behaviors === 4.1 Positive social behaviors Social behavior can have either positive or negative effects on individuals and society. Positive social behaviors contribute to healthy relationships, cooperation, peace and community development. Negative social behaviors can cause emotional pain, conflict, discrimination and harm. Understanding both forms of behavior helps people recognize the consequences of their actions and make better choices. 4.2 Kindness and Helping Others Kindness is the willingness to treat others with care, consideration and compassion. Kindness can be shown through simple actions such as helping someone carry something, comforting a person who is sad, sharing with others or offering encouragement. Helping others is an important form of positive social behavior because people often depend on one another. Benefits of kindness Kindness: strengthens relationships; makes people feel valued; encourages cooperation; reduces loneliness; promotes happiness; creates supportive communities; encourages others to behave positively. Kindness does not always require money or major sacrifices. A kind word, listening to someone or offering assistance can make a significant difference. 4.3 Respect and Responsibility Respect is showing consideration for the rights, feelings, opinions and dignity of other people. Respect involves recognizing that other people have value even when they have different opinions or backgrounds. Examples of respect include listening when someone speaks, respecting personal property, using polite language and accepting reasonable differences. Responsibility means accepting the duty to perform one's obligations and being willing to take responsibility for one's actions. A responsible person understands that their behavior has consequences for themselves and others. Respect and responsibility are important because they create trust, discipline and cooperation in society. 4.4 Bullying and Harassment Bullying is repeated behavior intended to intimidate, hurt, humiliate or control another person. Bullying may be: physical; verbal; emotional; social; online. Examples include hitting, threatening, insulting, spreading rumors, deliberately excluding someone or repeatedly sending harmful messages online. Harassment refers to unwanted behavior that disturbs, threatens, humiliates or causes distress to another person. Bullying and harassment can have serious effects on a person's confidence, relationships, education, work and general well-being. They should not be treated as normal behavior. Individuals and institutions should create environments where people can report harmful behavior and receive appropriate support. 4.5 Peer Pressure Peer pressure occurs when individuals are influenced by their friends or people of a similar age to behave in a particular way. Peer pressure can be positive or negative. Positive peer pressure may encourage someone to study harder, participate in sports, avoid harmful behavior or develop useful skills. Negative peer pressure may encourage behaviors such as substance abuse, fighting, cheating, truancy, stealing or other harmful activities. A person can resist negative peer pressure by: being confident; knowing their values; choosing supportive friends; saying no firmly; avoiding risky situations; seeking advice from trusted people. 4.6 Discrimination and Exclusion Discrimination is unfair treatment of a person or group because of characteristics such as their background, gender, age, disability, social status or other differences. Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are prevented from fully participating in social, educational, economic or community activities. Discrimination can make people feel rejected, powerless and less valued. Examples include refusing someone an opportunity because of their background or deliberately excluding someone from a group because they are considered different. A fair society should promote equal opportunities and respect for all people. 4.7 Aggression and Harmful Behavior Aggression refers to behavior intended to threaten, intimidate, dominate or harm another person. Aggression can be physical, verbal or psychological. Examples include: fighting; threatening others; insulting people; destroying property; intimidation; deliberately hurting others. Harmful behavior can damage relationships and create fear and insecurity. People can reduce aggression by learning emotional control, communicating their concerns peacefully, seeking help and using appropriate conflict-resolution strategies. 4.8 How Social Behavior Can Be Changed Social behavior is not necessarily fixed. People can learn new ways of thinking and behaving. Behavior can be changed through: Education: Teaching people about respect, empathy, communication and responsibility can encourage positive behavior. Positive role models: People often learn by observing parents, teachers, leaders, friends and other role models. Self-awareness: Understanding one's own behavior is an important step towards changing it. Positive peer influence: Supportive friends can encourage healthier choices. Counselling: Professional or trusted guidance can help people understand the causes of harmful behavior. Rewards and encouragement: Positive behavior can be strengthened through recognition and encouragement. Consequences: Appropriate consequences can discourage harmful actions. Changing social behavior often takes time. It requires willingness, practice, support and a suitable environment. === Chapter 5ː Social behavior in the modern world === 5.1 Introduction Technology has significantly changed the way people interact. In the past, most social interaction took place face-to-face or through letters and traditional forms of communication. Today, people can communicate instantly with others across the world through mobile phones, social media, messaging applications and other digital technologies. The modern world has created many opportunities for people to connect, but it has also introduced new challenges. People must therefore understand how technology influences social behavior and learn to use it responsibly. 5.2 Social Media and Human Behavior Social media refers to online platforms that allow people to create, share and exchange information and interact with other users. Social media has changed how people communicate, make friends, share opinions and obtain information. It can have positive effects by: connecting people who are far apart; helping people maintain relationships; providing educational information; creating business opportunities; allowing people to share ideas; supporting communities and social causes. However, excessive or irresponsible use can also have negative effects. People may become overly dependent on online approval, compare themselves with others, spend too much time online or become involved in online conflicts. Social media can therefore influence people's attitudes, relationships and everyday behaviour. 5.3 Online Communication Online communication is the exchange of information through digital technologies such as messaging applications, email, social networking platforms and video calls. Online communication is convenient because people can communicate across long distances almost instantly. However, online communication lacks some of the social cues found in face-to-face communication. A written message may not clearly communicate the sender's tone or emotion. For example, a person may make a joke through text, but the receiver may interpret it as an insult because they cannot hear the speaker's tone. Effective online communication therefore requires people to choose their words carefully and consider how their messages may be interpreted. 5.4 Digital Etiquette Digital etiquette, sometimes called netiquette, refers to the rules and appropriate behaviour people should follow when communicating and interacting online. Good digital etiquette includes: using respectful language; avoiding unnecessary insults; respecting other people's privacy; thinking before posting; avoiding spreading false information; giving credit to other people's work; respecting different opinions; avoiding excessive messaging; responding appropriately; remembering that online actions can affect real people. People should remember that being behind a screen does not remove the responsibility to treat others with dignity. 5.5 Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is bullying carried out through digital technologies such as social media, messaging platforms, websites or online gaming platforms. It can include: sending threatening messages; spreading embarrassing information; sharing someone's private information without permission; creating harmful rumors; posting humiliating content; deliberately excluding someone from online groups. Cyberbullying can be particularly harmful because online content can spread quickly and may reach a large audience. People experiencing cyberbullying should avoid responding aggressively, keep evidence of harmful messages where appropriate, block or report offenders and seek help from trusted adults, institutions or relevant authorities. 5.6 Social Media Influence Social media can strongly influence the way people think and behave. People may be influenced by: celebrities and public figures; influencers; friends; online communities; advertisements; trends; viral content. Social media can encourage positive behavior, such as learning, creativity, entrepreneurship and community participation. However, it can also promote harmful behaviors, unrealistic expectations and misinformation. People should therefore develop critical thinking. Before accepting or sharing information, they should consider whether the information is reliable and whether sharing it could harm someone. 5.7 Privacy and Responsible Online Behavior Privacy is the ability of individuals to control information about themselves and decide how that information is shared. Responsible online behavior involves protecting one's own privacy and respecting the privacy of others. People should be careful about sharing: passwords; private photographs; personal contact information; financial information; private conversations; sensitive personal details. A person should also avoid sharing another person's photograph, message or personal information without appropriate permission. Responsible online behavior means understanding that information shared online may be copied, stored or redistributed beyond the original audience. 5.8 Balancing Online and Face-to-Face Relationships Technology provides convenient ways to communicate, but face-to-face interaction remains important. Face-to-face communication allows people to observe facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice and other social cues. It can also provide opportunities for deeper emotional connection. Spending too much time online may reduce opportunities for direct interaction with family, friends and community members. A healthy balance involves using technology as a tool for communication without allowing it to completely replace real-world relationships. People can maintain balance by: setting reasonable limits on screen time; spending time with family and friends; participating in community activities; having face-to-face conversations; avoiding unnecessary phone use during important conversations; making time for hobbies and physical activities. 5.9 Conclusion The modern world has transformed human interaction. Digital technology and social media have made communication faster and more convenient, but they have also created new responsibilities and challenges. People must learn to communicate respectfully both offline and online. They should understand digital etiquette, protect privacy, avoid cyberbullying and think critically about information encountered on social media. Technology should support human relationships rather than completely replace them. Maintaining a healthy balance between online communication and face-to-face interaction can help people develop stronger and more meaningful relationships. == Conclusion == Understanding social behavior helps people understand themselves and the people around them. Social behavior influences how individuals communicate, form relationships, cooperate, handle disagreements and respond to differences. Healthy social behavior is built on respect, empathy, trust, responsibility, kindness, cooperation and effective communication. At the same time, people need to recognize harmful behaviors such as bullying, discrimination, aggression and exclusion and understand how these behaviors can affect individuals and society. As society continues to change through technology and social media, the ability to interact responsibly becomes even more important. Developing good social behavior is therefore not only useful for personal relationships but also essential for creating peaceful, respectful and cooperative communities. The book summarizes the importance of understanding social behavior and encourages readers to develop self-awareness, empathy, respect, communication skills, and responsible behavior in their interactions with others. 68k38lew4trfwy2mylfzwndmzxkrcuh 4673563 4673560 2026-10-02T04:07:20Z Matovu Trevor 3620409 4673563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=Checked using AI checkers, they claim the page was generated with the use of AI. Adding tag to make sure that the page has a thorough review.}} == Social Behaviors<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Handbook of Social Psychology {{!}} Open Publishing |url=https://openpublishing.princeton.edu/projects/the-handbook-of-social-psychology |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=openpublishing.princeton.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> == The book examines how people behave and interact with others in families, schools, workplaces, communities, and online environments. It explores both positive and negative social behaviors and how they influence relationships and society. Target audience: Adults The language will be very clear, practical, and accessible to adult readers while introducing important psychological and social concepts where necessary. === Book summary === Social Behaviors provides a practical introduction to the ways people behave and interact with one another in everyday life. The book examines communication, co-operation, respect, empathy, conflict, peer influence, social norms, and behavior in digital spaces. It connects basic social and physiology concepts with practical examples that adults can apply in their personal, professional, and community relationships. === Introduction: Beyond the Post Button === The introduction explains why social behavior matters and how human interaction goes beyond online communication. It introduces the importance of understanding people's actions, emotions, communication styles, and responses in different social environments. === Chapter one: Understanding Social behavior<ref>{{Cite web |title=understanding social behavirs - Search Videos |url=https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=understanding+social+behavirs&mid=5AC81071065E50FAB1555AC81071065E50FAB155&churl=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm-FKdCIn4xFS9f49APqHpA&FORM=VIRE |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=www.bing.com}}</ref> === 1.1 Social behavior Social behavior refers to the way people behave, communicate and interact with one another in society. It includes the way people form relationships, cooperate, communicate, help others, respond to different situations and follow rules. Social behavior can be positive, such as kindness, cooperation and respect, or negative, such as aggression, discrimination and bullying. Social behavior is important because human beings live in groups and depend on one another. The way individuals behave affects their families, friends, schools, workplaces and communities. Social behavior is influenced by both nature and nurture. 1.2 Nature vs nurture Nature refers to the biological characteristics and tendencies that a person inherits from their parents. These may influence personality, temperament and the way a person naturally responds to situations. Nurture refers to the influence of the environment and experiences in which a person grows. Family upbringing, education, culture, friends, religion and the community can all shape behavior. Nature and nurture work together. For example, a person may naturally be quiet, but living in a supportive environment may help them become more confident and sociable. Culture is the shared way of life of a particular group of people. It includes language, beliefs, values, customs, traditions, food, dress and ways of interacting. Culture influences social behavior by teaching people what is considered right, wrong, polite or unacceptable. For example, in many communities, children are expected to respect and greet elders. 1.3 Social expectations Social expectations are the behaviors that people expect from others in particular situations. Students are expected to respect teachers, workers are expected to perform their duties, and members of a community are expected to follow accepted ways of living. However, expectations may differ between cultures. Understanding these differences helps people respect others and avoid misunderstandings. 1.4 Social norms Social norms are the accepted rules and standards that guide how people are expected to behave in society. Some norms are written, while others are unwritten. Examples include greeting people, respecting elders, queuing when waiting for a service, keeping public places clean and following laws. Social norms help to maintain order and make it easier for people to live peacefully together. When people repeatedly break important norms, they may face criticism, rejection or punishment. Social differences refer to the ways in which individuals and groups differ from one another. People may differ in age, gender, education, occupation, income, language, culture, personality and family background. Social differences can benefit society because people bring different ideas, skills, experiences and ways of thinking. However, when differences are not respected, they can lead to prejudice, discrimination, conflict and social exclusion. 1.5 Factors That Influence Social Behavior Several factors influence how people behave towards others. These include: Family: Children learn manners, values and ways of interacting from family members. Culture: Culture influences beliefs, customs and acceptable ways of behaving. Friends: Peer groups can influence attitudes, language and behavior. Education: Schools teach discipline, cooperation, responsibility and respect. Religion: Religious beliefs can influence moral values and relationships. Media and technology: Social media, television and the internet can influence people's attitudes and behaviour. Personality: People have different personalities, which affect how they interact with others. Environment: The community and surroundings where a person lives can shape behaviour. Life experiences: Experiences such as success, failure, conflict and friendship can change the way people behave. === Chapter 2ː Communication and Human Interaction<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-27 |title=Defining Human Communication: Understanding Meaning and Connection - NGO Management Notes |language=en-US |work=NGO Management |url=https://ngo.management/introduction-to-ngo-management/defining-human-communication-meaning-connection/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> === Communication is an important part of human interaction. People communicate every day with family members, friends, teachers, colleagues and other members of society. Good communication helps people understand one another, build relationships, solve problems and avoid unnecessary conflicts. Communication is not only about speaking. People also communicate through facial expressions, gestures, body movements, eye contact and tone of voice. 2.1 Verbal communication and Non-verbal communication Verbal communication is the use of spoken or written words to share information, thoughts, feelings and ideas with other people. Examples include; talking to a friend, giving instructions, having a conversation, making a speech, sending a text message, writing a letter or email. Effective verbal communication requires clear language, appropriate words and a message that the other person can understand. The way something is said is also important. A polite and calm tone can make communication more positive, while an angry or insulting tone can create conflict. Non-verbal communication is the passing of information without using spoken or written words. For example, smiling can show happiness or friendliness, while avoiding eye contact may sometimes show nervousness or discomfort. Non-verbal communication can support spoken words, but it can also sometimes send a different message from what a person is saying. 2.2 Empathy Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings or to try to see a situation from their point of view. An empathetic person tries to understand what another person may be experiencing instead of immediately judging them. For example, if a friend loses a loved one, showing empathy means listening to them, acknowledging their pain and offering appropriate support. Empathy helps people: build stronger relationships; understand others better; reduce conflicts; show compassion; provide emotional support. 2.3 Active Listening Active listening means giving full attention to another person in order to understand what they are saying. An active listener: pays attention; maintains appropriate eye contact; avoids unnecessary interruptions; asks questions when something is unclear; shows interest; remembers important information; responds appropriately. For example, when someone is explaining a problem, an active listener does not use the opportunity to prepare their own response. They first try to understand the person's message. Active listening improves communication because it reduces confusion and makes people feel heard and respected. 2.4 Misunderstandings and Their Causes A misunderstanding occurs when a person interprets a message differently from what the sender intended. Misunderstandings can happen in everyday conversations and may sometimes lead to arguments or broken relationships. Causes of misunderstandings Poor communication – A person may fail to explain their message clearly. Language differences – People may use different languages, accents or meanings of words. Poor listening – Someone may hear the words without paying attention to the actual message. Assumptions – A person may make conclusions without asking for clarification. Emotions – Anger, fear or sadness can affect how people understand messages. Cultural differences – The same gesture or expression may have different meanings in different cultures. Tone of voice – A message can sound rude, angry or sarcastic even when that was not intended. Non-verbal signals – Facial expressions and body language may contradict spoken words. Noise and distractions – Physical or technological distractions can cause people to miss important information. Misunderstandings can be reduced by speaking clearly, listening carefully, asking questions and avoiding unnecessary assumptions. 2.5 Respectful Communication Respectful communication is communicating with others in a polite, considerate and fair manner, even when people have different opinions. Respectful communication involves: using polite language; listening when others are speaking; avoiding insults and offensive language; respecting different opinions; speaking calmly; avoiding unnecessary shouting; giving others a chance to express themselves; disagreeing without attacking the person. For example, instead of saying, "You are completely wrong," a person can say, "I understand your point, but I have a different opinion." Respectful communication creates trust and makes it easier for people to solve disagreements peacefully. 2.6 Body Language Body language is the way people communicate through movements, posture, gestures and physical expressions. Examples of body language include: Eye contact: May show attention, confidence or interest. Smiling: May communicate friendliness or happiness. Crossed arms: May sometimes suggest defensiveness or discomfort. Nodding: Often shows agreement or that someone is following a conversation. Standing upright: May communicate confidence. Looking away: May sometimes indicate discomfort, distraction or lack of interest. Hand gestures: Can help explain or emphasize a message. However, body language should not always be interpreted in isolation. The meaning of a gesture can depend on the person's culture, situation and personality. 2.7 Importance of Effective Communication Effective communication helps people to: understand one another, build healthy relationships, express feelings and ideas, solve problems, prevent misunderstandings, manage conflicts, work together, develop trust and cooperation. Good communication therefore requires more than simply speaking. It involves speaking clearly, listening actively, showing empathy, using appropriate body language and respecting other people. === Chapter 3ː Relationships, Cooperation and conflict<ref>{{Citation |last=Long |first=William J. |title=Cooperation and Conflict in International Relations |date=2021 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cooperation-and-conflict/cooperation-and-conflict-in-international-relations/805727C15854A93D0C4FD3B12C938BD9 |work=Cooperation and Conflict: The Interaction of Opposites in Shaping Social Behavior |pages=7–25 |editor-last=Brosnan |editor-first=Sarah F. |access-date=2026-10-02 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108671187.003 |isbn=978-1-108-47569-3 |editor2-last=Wilczynski |editor2-first=Walter}}</ref> === 3.1 Relationships Human beings are social beings who depend on one another for emotional, social and practical support. Throughout life, people form different kinds of relationships with family members, friends, classmates, workmates, neighbours and other members of society. These relationships can bring happiness, support, encouragement and a sense of belonging. However, relationships are not always easy. People have different personalities, opinions, needs, beliefs and expectations. These differences can sometimes lead to disagreements and conflicts. The ability to build healthy relationships, cooperate with others and resolve disagreements peacefully is therefore an important part of positive social behavior. 3.2 Building Healthy Relationships A relationship is a connection or association between two or more people. Relationships can be based on family ties, friendship, work, education, marriage, neighborhood or shared interests. A healthy relationship is one in which people treat each other with respect, honesty, care and understanding. Healthy relationships allow people to feel valued, safe and accepted. Building a healthy relationship takes time and effort. It requires people to communicate openly, keep promises, respect boundaries and support one another. Ways of building healthy relationships Trust: People should be able to depend on one another and believe that the other person will act honestly. Respect: Each person should recognize the worth and dignity of the other. Good communication: People should express their thoughts and feelings clearly and listen to one another. Honesty: Being truthful helps prevent suspicion and creates stronger relationships. Empathy: Understanding another person's feelings makes it easier to respond with care. Support: People should encourage and help one another during both good and difficult times. Forgiveness: People sometimes make mistakes. Being willing to forgive can help relationships recover from disagreements. Healthy relationships do not mean that people never disagree. Instead, they mean that disagreements are handled in a respectful and constructive manner. 3.3 Trust and Cooperation Trust is the belief that another person can be relied upon to be honest, responsible and dependable. Trust develops gradually through people's actions. When someone keeps promises, tells the truth and respects confidential information, others are more likely to trust them. Trust is important in families, friendships, workplaces and communities. Without trust, people may become suspicious and unwilling to cooperate. Cooperation is the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. For example, students may cooperate when completing a group assignment. Community members may cooperate when cleaning their neighborhood. Importance of cooperation Cooperation: helps people achieve goals; encourages teamwork; reduces unnecessary conflict; allows people to share skills and ideas; strengthens relationships; promotes unity; makes difficult tasks easier. Trust and cooperation are closely connected. People are generally more willing to cooperate when they trust one another. 3.4 Friendship and Family Relationships Friendship is a voluntary relationship between people who share affection, trust, companionship or common interests. Good friendships can provide emotional support, advice, encouragement and companionship. Friends can influence each other's attitudes and behavior, so choosing positive friends is important. A healthy friendship is usually characterized by: trust; honesty; respect; loyalty; mutual support; good communication; understanding; acceptance of differences. Family relationships are also important because the family is often the first social environment in which people learn how to interact with others. Families provide care, protection, emotional support, guidance and a sense of belonging. However, disagreements can occur within families because members have different needs and opinions. Open communication, patience and forgiveness can help maintain strong family relationships. 3.5 Workplace Relationships Workplace relationships are the relationships that develop between people in an organisation or place of work. People may work with supervisors, colleagues, employees, customers and other members of the organisation. Positive workplace relationships can improve teamwork and productivity. Good workplace relationships require: respect for colleagues; clear communication; cooperation; honesty; professionalism; responsibility; appreciation of other people's contributions. Poor workplace relationships can result in stress, arguments, poor teamwork and reduced productivity. People should therefore learn to separate personal disagreements from their professional responsibilities and deal with workplace problems appropriately. 3.6 Causes of Social Conflict Conflict is a disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups because of differences in opinions, interests, values, needs or goals. Conflict is a normal part of human interaction. It does not always mean that people hate one another. Sometimes people simply have different ways of seeing a situation. Causes of social conflict include: Differences in opinions – People may have different ideas about how something should be done. Competition for resources – Conflict may occur when people compete for limited resources such as money, land, jobs or opportunities. Poor communication – Unclear messages and misunderstandings can create disagreements. Cultural differences – Different traditions and beliefs can sometimes create tension. Discrimination – Treating people unfairly because of their differences can lead to resentment and conflict. Jealousy – Feelings of jealousy may damage friendships and relationships. Power and control – People may disagree over who should make decisions or control resources. Unresolved disagreements – Small problems can become serious when they are ignored. Prejudice and stereotypes – Negative beliefs about particular groups can create division. Economic difficulties – Poverty and inequality can contribute to tension within communities. 3.7 Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution refers to the process of dealing with disagreements and finding peaceful solutions that address the concerns of the people involved. Conflict should not always be solved through force or aggression. People can use communication, negotiation, mediation and compromise. Steps in conflict resolution Identify the problem: The people involved should understand what caused the disagreement. Listen to each other: Each person should be given an opportunity to explain their position. Remain calm: Anger and insults can make the situation worse. Find common ground: People should identify areas where they agree. Consider possible solutions: Different solutions should be discussed. Compromise: Sometimes each side must give up something in order to reach an acceptable agreement. Agree on a solution: The people involved should decide how the problem will be addressed. Follow up: The situation should be monitored to ensure that the conflict does not return. Conflict resolution helps people maintain relationships and avoid unnecessary violence. 3.8 Forgiveness and Reconciliation Forgiveness is the decision to let go of resentment or anger towards someone who has caused harm or offence. Forgiveness does not necessarily mean pretending that the wrongdoing never happened. Instead, it involves choosing not to remain controlled by anger or hatred. Reconciliation is the process of restoring a damaged relationship and rebuilding trust between people or groups. Forgiveness can contribute to reconciliation, but reconciliation may require additional steps such as an apology, acceptance of responsibility, compensation, changed behavior and rebuilding trust. Forgiveness and reconciliation can help individuals and communities move beyond past disagreements and establish healthier relationships. === Chapter 4ː Positive and negative social behaviors === 4.1 Positive social behaviors Social behavior can have either positive or negative effects on individuals and society. Positive social behaviors contribute to healthy relationships, cooperation, peace and community development. Negative social behaviors can cause emotional pain, conflict, discrimination and harm. Understanding both forms of behavior helps people recognize the consequences of their actions and make better choices. 4.2 Kindness and Helping Others Kindness is the willingness to treat others with care, consideration and compassion. Kindness can be shown through simple actions such as helping someone carry something, comforting a person who is sad, sharing with others or offering encouragement. Helping others is an important form of positive social behavior because people often depend on one another. Benefits of kindness Kindness: strengthens relationships; makes people feel valued; encourages cooperation; reduces loneliness; promotes happiness; creates supportive communities; encourages others to behave positively. Kindness does not always require money or major sacrifices. A kind word, listening to someone or offering assistance can make a significant difference. 4.3 Respect and Responsibility Respect is showing consideration for the rights, feelings, opinions and dignity of other people. Respect involves recognizing that other people have value even when they have different opinions or backgrounds. Examples of respect include listening when someone speaks, respecting personal property, using polite language and accepting reasonable differences. Responsibility means accepting the duty to perform one's obligations and being willing to take responsibility for one's actions. A responsible person understands that their behavior has consequences for themselves and others. Respect and responsibility are important because they create trust, discipline and cooperation in society. 4.4 Bullying and Harassment Bullying is repeated behavior intended to intimidate, hurt, humiliate or control another person. Bullying may be: physical; verbal; emotional; social; online. Examples include hitting, threatening, insulting, spreading rumors, deliberately excluding someone or repeatedly sending harmful messages online. Harassment refers to unwanted behavior that disturbs, threatens, humiliates or causes distress to another person. Bullying and harassment can have serious effects on a person's confidence, relationships, education, work and general well-being. They should not be treated as normal behavior. Individuals and institutions should create environments where people can report harmful behavior and receive appropriate support. 4.5 Peer Pressure Peer pressure occurs when individuals are influenced by their friends or people of a similar age to behave in a particular way. Peer pressure can be positive or negative. Positive peer pressure may encourage someone to study harder, participate in sports, avoid harmful behavior or develop useful skills. Negative peer pressure may encourage behaviors such as substance abuse, fighting, cheating, truancy, stealing or other harmful activities. A person can resist negative peer pressure by: being confident; knowing their values; choosing supportive friends; saying no firmly; avoiding risky situations; seeking advice from trusted people. 4.6 Discrimination and Exclusion Discrimination is unfair treatment of a person or group because of characteristics such as their background, gender, age, disability, social status or other differences. Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are prevented from fully participating in social, educational, economic or community activities. Discrimination can make people feel rejected, powerless and less valued. Examples include refusing someone an opportunity because of their background or deliberately excluding someone from a group because they are considered different. A fair society should promote equal opportunities and respect for all people. 4.7 Aggression and Harmful Behavior Aggression refers to behavior intended to threaten, intimidate, dominate or harm another person. Aggression can be physical, verbal or psychological. Examples include: fighting; threatening others; insulting people; destroying property; intimidation; deliberately hurting others. Harmful behavior can damage relationships and create fear and insecurity. People can reduce aggression by learning emotional control, communicating their concerns peacefully, seeking help and using appropriate conflict-resolution strategies. 4.8 How Social Behavior Can Be Changed Social behavior is not necessarily fixed. People can learn new ways of thinking and behaving. Behavior can be changed through: Education: Teaching people about respect, empathy, communication and responsibility can encourage positive behavior. Positive role models: People often learn by observing parents, teachers, leaders, friends and other role models. Self-awareness: Understanding one's own behavior is an important step towards changing it. Positive peer influence: Supportive friends can encourage healthier choices. Counselling: Professional or trusted guidance can help people understand the causes of harmful behavior. Rewards and encouragement: Positive behavior can be strengthened through recognition and encouragement. Consequences: Appropriate consequences can discourage harmful actions. Changing social behavior often takes time. It requires willingness, practice, support and a suitable environment. === Chapter 5ː Social behavior in the modern world === 5.1 Introduction Technology has significantly changed the way people interact. In the past, most social interaction took place face-to-face or through letters and traditional forms of communication. Today, people can communicate instantly with others across the world through mobile phones, social media, messaging applications and other digital technologies. The modern world has created many opportunities for people to connect, but it has also introduced new challenges. People must therefore understand how technology influences social behavior and learn to use it responsibly. 5.2 Social Media and Human Behavior Social media refers to online platforms that allow people to create, share and exchange information and interact with other users. Social media has changed how people communicate, make friends, share opinions and obtain information. It can have positive effects by: connecting people who are far apart; helping people maintain relationships; providing educational information; creating business opportunities; allowing people to share ideas; supporting communities and social causes. However, excessive or irresponsible use can also have negative effects. People may become overly dependent on online approval, compare themselves with others, spend too much time online or become involved in online conflicts. Social media can therefore influence people's attitudes, relationships and everyday behaviour. 5.3 Online Communication Online communication is the exchange of information through digital technologies such as messaging applications, email, social networking platforms and video calls. Online communication is convenient because people can communicate across long distances almost instantly. However, online communication lacks some of the social cues found in face-to-face communication. A written message may not clearly communicate the sender's tone or emotion. For example, a person may make a joke through text, but the receiver may interpret it as an insult because they cannot hear the speaker's tone. Effective online communication therefore requires people to choose their words carefully and consider how their messages may be interpreted. 5.4 Digital Etiquette Digital etiquette, sometimes called netiquette, refers to the rules and appropriate behaviour people should follow when communicating and interacting online. Good digital etiquette includes: using respectful language; avoiding unnecessary insults; respecting other people's privacy; thinking before posting; avoiding spreading false information; giving credit to other people's work; respecting different opinions; avoiding excessive messaging; responding appropriately; remembering that online actions can affect real people. People should remember that being behind a screen does not remove the responsibility to treat others with dignity. 5.5 Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is bullying carried out through digital technologies such as social media, messaging platforms, websites or online gaming platforms. It can include: sending threatening messages; spreading embarrassing information; sharing someone's private information without permission; creating harmful rumors; posting humiliating content; deliberately excluding someone from online groups. Cyberbullying can be particularly harmful because online content can spread quickly and may reach a large audience. People experiencing cyberbullying should avoid responding aggressively, keep evidence of harmful messages where appropriate, block or report offenders and seek help from trusted adults, institutions or relevant authorities. 5.6 Social Media Influence Social media can strongly influence the way people think and behave. People may be influenced by: celebrities and public figures; influencers; friends; online communities; advertisements; trends; viral content. Social media can encourage positive behavior, such as learning, creativity, entrepreneurship and community participation. However, it can also promote harmful behaviors, unrealistic expectations and misinformation. People should therefore develop critical thinking. Before accepting or sharing information, they should consider whether the information is reliable and whether sharing it could harm someone. 5.7 Privacy and Responsible Online Behavior Privacy is the ability of individuals to control information about themselves and decide how that information is shared. Responsible online behavior involves protecting one's own privacy and respecting the privacy of others. People should be careful about sharing: passwords; private photographs; personal contact information; financial information; private conversations; sensitive personal details. A person should also avoid sharing another person's photograph, message or personal information without appropriate permission. Responsible online behavior means understanding that information shared online may be copied, stored or redistributed beyond the original audience. 5.8 Balancing Online and Face-to-Face Relationships Technology provides convenient ways to communicate, but face-to-face interaction remains important. Face-to-face communication allows people to observe facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice and other social cues. It can also provide opportunities for deeper emotional connection. Spending too much time online may reduce opportunities for direct interaction with family, friends and community members. A healthy balance involves using technology as a tool for communication without allowing it to completely replace real-world relationships. People can maintain balance by: setting reasonable limits on screen time; spending time with family and friends; participating in community activities; having face-to-face conversations; avoiding unnecessary phone use during important conversations; making time for hobbies and physical activities. 5.9 Conclusion The modern world has transformed human interaction. Digital technology and social media have made communication faster and more convenient, but they have also created new responsibilities and challenges. People must learn to communicate respectfully both offline and online. They should understand digital etiquette, protect privacy, avoid cyberbullying and think critically about information encountered on social media. Technology should support human relationships rather than completely replace them. Maintaining a healthy balance between online communication and face-to-face interaction can help people develop stronger and more meaningful relationships. == Conclusion == Understanding social behavior helps people understand themselves and the people around them. Social behavior influences how individuals communicate, form relationships, cooperate, handle disagreements and respond to differences. Healthy social behavior is built on respect, empathy, trust, responsibility, kindness, cooperation and effective communication. At the same time, people need to recognize harmful behaviors such as bullying, discrimination, aggression and exclusion and understand how these behaviors can affect individuals and society. As society continues to change through technology and social media, the ability to interact responsibly becomes even more important. Developing good social behavior is therefore not only useful for personal relationships but also essential for creating peaceful, respectful and cooperative communities. The book summarizes the importance of understanding social behavior and encourages readers to develop self-awareness, empathy, respect, communication skills, and responsible behavior in their interactions with others. pmut4vubihyhhdkndcnazqoz1f6886e 4673564 4673563 2026-10-02T04:09:53Z Matovu Trevor 3620409 4673564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=Checked using AI checkers, they claim the page was generated with the use of AI. Adding tag to make sure that the page has a thorough review.}} == Social Behaviors<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Handbook of Social Psychology {{!}} Open Publishing |url=https://openpublishing.princeton.edu/projects/the-handbook-of-social-psychology |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=openpublishing.princeton.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> == The book examines how people behave and interact with others in families, schools, workplaces, communities, and online environments. It explores both positive and negative social behaviors and how they influence relationships and society. Target audience: Adults The language will be very clear, practical, and accessible to adult readers while introducing important psychological and social concepts where necessary. === Book summary === Social Behaviors provides a practical introduction to the ways people behave and interact with one another in everyday life. The book examines communication, co-operation, respect, empathy, conflict, peer influence, social norms, and behavior in digital spaces. It connects basic social and physiology concepts with practical examples that adults can apply in their personal, professional, and community relationships. === Introduction: Beyond the Post Button === The introduction explains why social behavior matters and how human interaction goes beyond online communication. It introduces the importance of understanding people's actions, emotions, communication styles, and responses in different social environments. === Chapter one: Understanding Social behavior<ref>{{Cite web |title=understanding social behavirs - Search Videos |url=https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=understanding+social+behavirs&mid=5AC81071065E50FAB1555AC81071065E50FAB155&churl=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm-FKdCIn4xFS9f49APqHpA&FORM=VIRE |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=www.bing.com}}</ref> === 1.1 Social behavior Social behavior refers to the way people behave, communicate and interact with one another in society. It includes the way people form relationships, cooperate, communicate, help others, respond to different situations and follow rules. Social behavior can be positive, such as kindness, cooperation and respect, or negative, such as aggression, discrimination and bullying. Social behavior is important because human beings live in groups and depend on one another. The way individuals behave affects their families, friends, schools, workplaces and communities. Social behavior is influenced by both nature and nurture. 1.2 Nature vs nurture Nature refers to the biological characteristics and tendencies that a person inherits from their parents. These may influence personality, temperament and the way a person naturally responds to situations. Nurture refers to the influence of the environment and experiences in which a person grows. Family upbringing, education, culture, friends, religion and the community can all shape behavior. Nature and nurture work together. For example, a person may naturally be quiet, but living in a supportive environment may help them become more confident and sociable. Culture is the shared way of life of a particular group of people. It includes language, beliefs, values, customs, traditions, food, dress and ways of interacting. Culture influences social behavior by teaching people what is considered right, wrong, polite or unacceptable. For example, in many communities, children are expected to respect and greet elders. 1.3 Social expectations Social expectations are the behaviors that people expect from others in particular situations. Students are expected to respect teachers, workers are expected to perform their duties, and members of a community are expected to follow accepted ways of living. However, expectations may differ between cultures. Understanding these differences helps people respect others and avoid misunderstandings. 1.4 Social norms Social norms are the accepted rules and standards that guide how people are expected to behave in society. Some norms are written, while others are unwritten. Examples include greeting people, respecting elders, queuing when waiting for a service, keeping public places clean and following laws. Social norms help to maintain order and make it easier for people to live peacefully together. When people repeatedly break important norms, they may face criticism, rejection or punishment. Social differences refer to the ways in which individuals and groups differ from one another. People may differ in age, gender, education, occupation, income, language, culture, personality and family background. Social differences can benefit society because people bring different ideas, skills, experiences and ways of thinking. However, when differences are not respected, they can lead to prejudice, discrimination, conflict and social exclusion. 1.5 Factors That Influence Social Behavior Several factors influence how people behave towards others. These include: Family: Children learn manners, values and ways of interacting from family members. Culture: Culture influences beliefs, customs and acceptable ways of behaving. Friends: Peer groups can influence attitudes, language and behavior. Education: Schools teach discipline, cooperation, responsibility and respect. Religion: Religious beliefs can influence moral values and relationships. Media and technology: Social media, television and the internet can influence people's attitudes and behaviour. Personality: People have different personalities, which affect how they interact with others. Environment: The community and surroundings where a person lives can shape behaviour. Life experiences: Experiences such as success, failure, conflict and friendship can change the way people behave. === Chapter 2ː Communication and Human Interaction<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-27 |title=Defining Human Communication: Understanding Meaning and Connection - NGO Management Notes |language=en-US |work=NGO Management |url=https://ngo.management/introduction-to-ngo-management/defining-human-communication-meaning-connection/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> === Communication is an important part of human interaction. People communicate every day with family members, friends, teachers, colleagues and other members of society. Good communication helps people understand one another, build relationships, solve problems and avoid unnecessary conflicts. Communication is not only about speaking. People also communicate through facial expressions, gestures, body movements, eye contact and tone of voice. 2.1 Verbal communication and Non-verbal communication Verbal communication is the use of spoken or written words to share information, thoughts, feelings and ideas with other people. Examples include; talking to a friend, giving instructions, having a conversation, making a speech, sending a text message, writing a letter or email. Effective verbal communication requires clear language, appropriate words and a message that the other person can understand. The way something is said is also important. A polite and calm tone can make communication more positive, while an angry or insulting tone can create conflict. Non-verbal communication is the passing of information without using spoken or written words. For example, smiling can show happiness or friendliness, while avoiding eye contact may sometimes show nervousness or discomfort. Non-verbal communication can support spoken words, but it can also sometimes send a different message from what a person is saying. 2.2 Empathy Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings or to try to see a situation from their point of view. An empathetic person tries to understand what another person may be experiencing instead of immediately judging them. For example, if a friend loses a loved one, showing empathy means listening to them, acknowledging their pain and offering appropriate support. Empathy helps people: build stronger relationships; understand others better; reduce conflicts; show compassion; provide emotional support. 2.3 Active Listening Active listening means giving full attention to another person in order to understand what they are saying. An active listener: pays attention; maintains appropriate eye contact; avoids unnecessary interruptions; asks questions when something is unclear; shows interest; remembers important information; responds appropriately. For example, when someone is explaining a problem, an active listener does not use the opportunity to prepare their own response. They first try to understand the person's message. Active listening improves communication because it reduces confusion and makes people feel heard and respected. 2.4 Misunderstandings and Their Causes A misunderstanding occurs when a person interprets a message differently from what the sender intended. Misunderstandings can happen in everyday conversations and may sometimes lead to arguments or broken relationships. Causes of misunderstandings Poor communication – A person may fail to explain their message clearly. Language differences – People may use different languages, accents or meanings of words. Poor listening – Someone may hear the words without paying attention to the actual message. Assumptions – A person may make conclusions without asking for clarification. Emotions – Anger, fear or sadness can affect how people understand messages. Cultural differences – The same gesture or expression may have different meanings in different cultures. Tone of voice – A message can sound rude, angry or sarcastic even when that was not intended. Non-verbal signals – Facial expressions and body language may contradict spoken words. Noise and distractions – Physical or technological distractions can cause people to miss important information. Misunderstandings can be reduced by speaking clearly, listening carefully, asking questions and avoiding unnecessary assumptions. 2.5 Respectful Communication Respectful communication is communicating with others in a polite, considerate and fair manner, even when people have different opinions. Respectful communication involves: using polite language; listening when others are speaking; avoiding insults and offensive language; respecting different opinions; speaking calmly; avoiding unnecessary shouting; giving others a chance to express themselves; disagreeing without attacking the person. For example, instead of saying, "You are completely wrong," a person can say, "I understand your point, but I have a different opinion." Respectful communication creates trust and makes it easier for people to solve disagreements peacefully. 2.6 Body Language Body language is the way people communicate through movements, posture, gestures and physical expressions. Examples of body language include: Eye contact: May show attention, confidence or interest. Smiling: May communicate friendliness or happiness. Crossed arms: May sometimes suggest defensiveness or discomfort. Nodding: Often shows agreement or that someone is following a conversation. Standing upright: May communicate confidence. Looking away: May sometimes indicate discomfort, distraction or lack of interest. Hand gestures: Can help explain or emphasize a message. However, body language should not always be interpreted in isolation. The meaning of a gesture can depend on the person's culture, situation and personality. 2.7 Importance of Effective Communication Effective communication helps people to: understand one another, build healthy relationships, express feelings and ideas, solve problems, prevent misunderstandings, manage conflicts, work together, develop trust and cooperation. Good communication therefore requires more than simply speaking. It involves speaking clearly, listening actively, showing empathy, using appropriate body language and respecting other people. === Chapter 3ː Relationships, Cooperation and conflict<ref>{{Citation |last=Long |first=William J. |title=Cooperation and Conflict in International Relations |date=2021 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cooperation-and-conflict/cooperation-and-conflict-in-international-relations/805727C15854A93D0C4FD3B12C938BD9 |work=Cooperation and Conflict: The Interaction of Opposites in Shaping Social Behavior |pages=7–25 |editor-last=Brosnan |editor-first=Sarah F. |access-date=2026-10-02 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108671187.003 |isbn=978-1-108-47569-3 |editor2-last=Wilczynski |editor2-first=Walter}}</ref> === 3.1 Relationships Human beings are social beings who depend on one another for emotional, social and practical support. Throughout life, people form different kinds of relationships with family members, friends, classmates, workmates, neighbours and other members of society. These relationships can bring happiness, support, encouragement and a sense of belonging. However, relationships are not always easy. People have different personalities, opinions, needs, beliefs and expectations. These differences can sometimes lead to disagreements and conflicts. The ability to build healthy relationships, cooperate with others and resolve disagreements peacefully is therefore an important part of positive social behavior. 3.2 Building Healthy Relationships A relationship is a connection or association between two or more people. Relationships can be based on family ties, friendship, work, education, marriage, neighborhood or shared interests. A healthy relationship is one in which people treat each other with respect, honesty, care and understanding. Healthy relationships allow people to feel valued, safe and accepted. Building a healthy relationship takes time and effort. It requires people to communicate openly, keep promises, respect boundaries and support one another. Ways of building healthy relationships Trust: People should be able to depend on one another and believe that the other person will act honestly. Respect: Each person should recognize the worth and dignity of the other. Good communication: People should express their thoughts and feelings clearly and listen to one another. Honesty: Being truthful helps prevent suspicion and creates stronger relationships. Empathy: Understanding another person's feelings makes it easier to respond with care. Support: People should encourage and help one another during both good and difficult times. Forgiveness: People sometimes make mistakes. Being willing to forgive can help relationships recover from disagreements. Healthy relationships do not mean that people never disagree. Instead, they mean that disagreements are handled in a respectful and constructive manner. 3.3 Trust and Cooperation Trust is the belief that another person can be relied upon to be honest, responsible and dependable. Trust develops gradually through people's actions. When someone keeps promises, tells the truth and respects confidential information, others are more likely to trust them. Trust is important in families, friendships, workplaces and communities. Without trust, people may become suspicious and unwilling to cooperate. Cooperation is the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. For example, students may cooperate when completing a group assignment. Community members may cooperate when cleaning their neighborhood. Importance of cooperation Cooperation: helps people achieve goals; encourages teamwork; reduces unnecessary conflict; allows people to share skills and ideas; strengthens relationships; promotes unity; makes difficult tasks easier. Trust and cooperation are closely connected. People are generally more willing to cooperate when they trust one another. 3.4 Friendship and Family Relationships Friendship is a voluntary relationship between people who share affection, trust, companionship or common interests. Good friendships can provide emotional support, advice, encouragement and companionship. Friends can influence each other's attitudes and behavior, so choosing positive friends is important. A healthy friendship is usually characterized by: trust; honesty; respect; loyalty; mutual support; good communication; understanding; acceptance of differences. Family relationships are also important because the family is often the first social environment in which people learn how to interact with others. Families provide care, protection, emotional support, guidance and a sense of belonging. However, disagreements can occur within families because members have different needs and opinions. Open communication, patience and forgiveness can help maintain strong family relationships. 3.5 Workplace Relationships Workplace relationships are the relationships that develop between people in an organisation or place of work. People may work with supervisors, colleagues, employees, customers and other members of the organisation. Positive workplace relationships can improve teamwork and productivity. Good workplace relationships require: respect for colleagues; clear communication; cooperation; honesty; professionalism; responsibility; appreciation of other people's contributions. Poor workplace relationships can result in stress, arguments, poor teamwork and reduced productivity. People should therefore learn to separate personal disagreements from their professional responsibilities and deal with workplace problems appropriately. 3.6 Causes of Social Conflict Conflict is a disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups because of differences in opinions, interests, values, needs or goals. Conflict is a normal part of human interaction. It does not always mean that people hate one another. Sometimes people simply have different ways of seeing a situation. Causes of social conflict include: Differences in opinions – People may have different ideas about how something should be done. Competition for resources – Conflict may occur when people compete for limited resources such as money, land, jobs or opportunities. Poor communication – Unclear messages and misunderstandings can create disagreements. Cultural differences – Different traditions and beliefs can sometimes create tension. Discrimination – Treating people unfairly because of their differences can lead to resentment and conflict. Jealousy – Feelings of jealousy may damage friendships and relationships. Power and control – People may disagree over who should make decisions or control resources. Unresolved disagreements – Small problems can become serious when they are ignored. Prejudice and stereotypes – Negative beliefs about particular groups can create division. Economic difficulties – Poverty and inequality can contribute to tension within communities. 3.7 Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution refers to the process of dealing with disagreements and finding peaceful solutions that address the concerns of the people involved. Conflict should not always be solved through force or aggression. People can use communication, negotiation, mediation and compromise. Steps in conflict resolution Identify the problem: The people involved should understand what caused the disagreement. Listen to each other: Each person should be given an opportunity to explain their position. Remain calm: Anger and insults can make the situation worse. Find common ground: People should identify areas where they agree. Consider possible solutions: Different solutions should be discussed. Compromise: Sometimes each side must give up something in order to reach an acceptable agreement. Agree on a solution: The people involved should decide how the problem will be addressed. Follow up: The situation should be monitored to ensure that the conflict does not return. Conflict resolution helps people maintain relationships and avoid unnecessary violence. 3.8 Forgiveness and Reconciliation Forgiveness is the decision to let go of resentment or anger towards someone who has caused harm or offence. Forgiveness does not necessarily mean pretending that the wrongdoing never happened. Instead, it involves choosing not to remain controlled by anger or hatred. Reconciliation is the process of restoring a damaged relationship and rebuilding trust between people or groups. Forgiveness can contribute to reconciliation, but reconciliation may require additional steps such as an apology, acceptance of responsibility, compensation, changed behavior and rebuilding trust. Forgiveness and reconciliation can help individuals and communities move beyond past disagreements and establish healthier relationships. === Chapter 4ː Positive and negative social behaviors === 4.1 Positive social behaviors Social behavior can have either positive or negative effects on individuals and society. Positive social behaviors contribute to healthy relationships, cooperation, peace and community development. Negative social behaviors can cause emotional pain, conflict, discrimination and harm. Understanding both forms of behavior helps people recognize the consequences of their actions and make better choices. 4.2 Kindness and Helping Others Kindness is the willingness to treat others with care, consideration and compassion. Kindness can be shown through simple actions such as helping someone carry something, comforting a person who is sad, sharing with others or offering encouragement. Helping others is an important form of positive social behavior because people often depend on one another. Benefits of kindness Kindness: strengthens relationships; makes people feel valued; encourages cooperation; reduces loneliness; promotes happiness; creates supportive communities; encourages others to behave positively. Kindness does not always require money or major sacrifices. A kind word, listening to someone or offering assistance can make a significant difference. 4.3 Respect and Responsibility Respect is showing consideration for the rights, feelings, opinions and dignity of other people. Respect involves recognizing that other people have value even when they have different opinions or backgrounds. Examples of respect include listening when someone speaks, respecting personal property, using polite language and accepting reasonable differences. Responsibility means accepting the duty to perform one's obligations and being willing to take responsibility for one's actions. A responsible person understands that their behavior has consequences for themselves and others. Respect and responsibility are important because they create trust, discipline and cooperation in society. 4.4 Bullying and Harassment Bullying is repeated behavior intended to intimidate, hurt, humiliate or control another person. Bullying may be: physical; verbal; emotional; social; online. Examples include hitting, threatening, insulting, spreading rumors, deliberately excluding someone or repeatedly sending harmful messages online. Harassment refers to unwanted behavior that disturbs, threatens, humiliates or causes distress to another person. Bullying and harassment can have serious effects on a person's confidence, relationships, education, work and general well-being. They should not be treated as normal behavior. Individuals and institutions should create environments where people can report harmful behavior and receive appropriate support. 4.5 Peer Pressure Peer pressure occurs when individuals are influenced by their friends or people of a similar age to behave in a particular way. Peer pressure can be positive or negative. Positive peer pressure may encourage someone to study harder, participate in sports, avoid harmful behavior or develop useful skills. Negative peer pressure may encourage behaviors such as substance abuse, fighting, cheating, truancy, stealing or other harmful activities. A person can resist negative peer pressure by: being confident; knowing their values; choosing supportive friends; saying no firmly; avoiding risky situations; seeking advice from trusted people. 4.6 Discrimination and Exclusion Discrimination is unfair treatment of a person or group because of characteristics such as their background, gender, age, disability, social status or other differences. Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are prevented from fully participating in social, educational, economic or community activities. Discrimination can make people feel rejected, powerless and less valued. Examples include refusing someone an opportunity because of their background or deliberately excluding someone from a group because they are considered different. A fair society should promote equal opportunities and respect for all people. 4.7 Aggression and Harmful Behavior Aggression refers to behavior intended to threaten, intimidate, dominate or harm another person. Aggression can be physical, verbal or psychological. Examples include: fighting; threatening others; insulting people; destroying property; intimidation; deliberately hurting others. Harmful behavior can damage relationships and create fear and insecurity. People can reduce aggression by learning emotional control, communicating their concerns peacefully, seeking help and using appropriate conflict-resolution strategies. 4.8 How Social Behavior Can Be Changed Social behavior is not necessarily fixed. People can learn new ways of thinking and behaving. Behavior can be changed through: Education: Teaching people about respect, empathy, communication and responsibility can encourage positive behavior. Positive role models: People often learn by observing parents, teachers, leaders, friends and other role models. Self-awareness: Understanding one's own behavior is an important step towards changing it. Positive peer influence: Supportive friends can encourage healthier choices. Counselling: Professional or trusted guidance can help people understand the causes of harmful behavior. Rewards and encouragement: Positive behavior can be strengthened through recognition and encouragement. Consequences: Appropriate consequences can discourage harmful actions. Changing social behavior often takes time. It requires willingness, practice, support and a suitable environment. === Chapter 5ː Social behavior in the modern world<ref>{{Cite book |last=Višňovský |first=Ján |url=https://www.intechopen.com/books/1003523 |title=Social Media and Modern Society - How Social Media Are Changing the Way We Interact with the World Around |last2=Majerová |first2=Jana |date=2024-11-27 |publisher=IntechOpen |isbn=978-1-83769-840-0 |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.1001741}}</ref> === 5.1 Introduction Technology has significantly changed the way people interact. In the past, most social interaction took place face-to-face or through letters and traditional forms of communication. Today, people can communicate instantly with others across the world through mobile phones, social media, messaging applications and other digital technologies. The modern world has created many opportunities for people to connect, but it has also introduced new challenges. People must therefore understand how technology influences social behavior and learn to use it responsibly. 5.2 Social Media and Human Behavior Social media refers to online platforms that allow people to create, share and exchange information and interact with other users. Social media has changed how people communicate, make friends, share opinions and obtain information. It can have positive effects by: connecting people who are far apart; helping people maintain relationships; providing educational information; creating business opportunities; allowing people to share ideas; supporting communities and social causes. However, excessive or irresponsible use can also have negative effects. People may become overly dependent on online approval, compare themselves with others, spend too much time online or become involved in online conflicts. Social media can therefore influence people's attitudes, relationships and everyday behaviour. 5.3 Online Communication Online communication is the exchange of information through digital technologies such as messaging applications, email, social networking platforms and video calls. Online communication is convenient because people can communicate across long distances almost instantly. However, online communication lacks some of the social cues found in face-to-face communication. A written message may not clearly communicate the sender's tone or emotion. For example, a person may make a joke through text, but the receiver may interpret it as an insult because they cannot hear the speaker's tone. Effective online communication therefore requires people to choose their words carefully and consider how their messages may be interpreted. 5.4 Digital Etiquette Digital etiquette, sometimes called netiquette, refers to the rules and appropriate behaviour people should follow when communicating and interacting online. Good digital etiquette includes: using respectful language; avoiding unnecessary insults; respecting other people's privacy; thinking before posting; avoiding spreading false information; giving credit to other people's work; respecting different opinions; avoiding excessive messaging; responding appropriately; remembering that online actions can affect real people. People should remember that being behind a screen does not remove the responsibility to treat others with dignity. 5.5 Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is bullying carried out through digital technologies such as social media, messaging platforms, websites or online gaming platforms. It can include: sending threatening messages; spreading embarrassing information; sharing someone's private information without permission; creating harmful rumors; posting humiliating content; deliberately excluding someone from online groups. Cyberbullying can be particularly harmful because online content can spread quickly and may reach a large audience. People experiencing cyberbullying should avoid responding aggressively, keep evidence of harmful messages where appropriate, block or report offenders and seek help from trusted adults, institutions or relevant authorities. 5.6 Social Media Influence Social media can strongly influence the way people think and behave. People may be influenced by: celebrities and public figures; influencers; friends; online communities; advertisements; trends; viral content. Social media can encourage positive behavior, such as learning, creativity, entrepreneurship and community participation. However, it can also promote harmful behaviors, unrealistic expectations and misinformation. People should therefore develop critical thinking. Before accepting or sharing information, they should consider whether the information is reliable and whether sharing it could harm someone. 5.7 Privacy and Responsible Online Behavior Privacy is the ability of individuals to control information about themselves and decide how that information is shared. Responsible online behavior involves protecting one's own privacy and respecting the privacy of others. People should be careful about sharing: passwords; private photographs; personal contact information; financial information; private conversations; sensitive personal details. A person should also avoid sharing another person's photograph, message or personal information without appropriate permission. Responsible online behavior means understanding that information shared online may be copied, stored or redistributed beyond the original audience. 5.8 Balancing Online and Face-to-Face Relationships Technology provides convenient ways to communicate, but face-to-face interaction remains important. Face-to-face communication allows people to observe facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice and other social cues. It can also provide opportunities for deeper emotional connection. Spending too much time online may reduce opportunities for direct interaction with family, friends and community members. A healthy balance involves using technology as a tool for communication without allowing it to completely replace real-world relationships. People can maintain balance by: setting reasonable limits on screen time; spending time with family and friends; participating in community activities; having face-to-face conversations; avoiding unnecessary phone use during important conversations; making time for hobbies and physical activities. 5.9 Conclusion The modern world has transformed human interaction. Digital technology and social media have made communication faster and more convenient, but they have also created new responsibilities and challenges. People must learn to communicate respectfully both offline and online. They should understand digital etiquette, protect privacy, avoid cyberbullying and think critically about information encountered on social media. Technology should support human relationships rather than completely replace them. Maintaining a healthy balance between online communication and face-to-face interaction can help people develop stronger and more meaningful relationships. == Conclusion == Understanding social behavior helps people understand themselves and the people around them. Social behavior influences how individuals communicate, form relationships, cooperate, handle disagreements and respond to differences. Healthy social behavior is built on respect, empathy, trust, responsibility, kindness, cooperation and effective communication. At the same time, people need to recognize harmful behaviors such as bullying, discrimination, aggression and exclusion and understand how these behaviors can affect individuals and society. As society continues to change through technology and social media, the ability to interact responsibly becomes even more important. Developing good social behavior is therefore not only useful for personal relationships but also essential for creating peaceful, respectful and cooperative communities. The book summarizes the importance of understanding social behavior and encourages readers to develop self-awareness, empathy, respect, communication skills, and responsible behavior in their interactions with others. 6fllafyz22c529cqsgofe3sjwyzzjnx 4673565 4673564 2026-10-02T04:10:49Z Matovu Trevor 3620409 4673565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=Checked using AI checkers, they claim the page was generated with the use of AI. Adding tag to make sure that the page has a thorough review.}} == Social Behaviors<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Handbook of Social Psychology {{!}} Open Publishing |url=https://openpublishing.princeton.edu/projects/the-handbook-of-social-psychology |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=openpublishing.princeton.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> == The book examines how people behave and interact with others in families, schools, workplaces, communities, and online environments. It explores both positive and negative social behaviors and how they influence relationships and society. Target audience: Adults The language will be very clear, practical, and accessible to adult readers while introducing important psychological and social concepts where necessary. === Book summary === Social Behaviors provides a practical introduction to the ways people behave and interact with one another in everyday life. The book examines communication, co-operation, respect, empathy, conflict, peer influence, social norms, and behavior in digital spaces. It connects basic social and physiology concepts with practical examples that adults can apply in their personal, professional, and community relationships. === Introduction: Beyond the Post Button === The introduction explains why social behavior matters and how human interaction goes beyond online communication. It introduces the importance of understanding people's actions, emotions, communication styles, and responses in different social environments. === Chapter one: Understanding Social behavior<ref>{{Cite web |title=understanding social behavirs - Search Videos |url=https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=understanding+social+behavirs&mid=5AC81071065E50FAB1555AC81071065E50FAB155&churl=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm-FKdCIn4xFS9f49APqHpA&FORM=VIRE |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=www.bing.com}}</ref> === 1.1 Social behavior Social behavior refers to the way people behave, communicate and interact with one another in society. It includes the way people form relationships, cooperate, communicate, help others, respond to different situations and follow rules. Social behavior can be positive, such as kindness, cooperation and respect, or negative, such as aggression, discrimination and bullying. Social behavior is important because human beings live in groups and depend on one another. The way individuals behave affects their families, friends, schools, workplaces and communities. Social behavior is influenced by both nature and nurture. 1.2 Nature vs nurture Nature refers to the biological characteristics and tendencies that a person inherits from their parents. These may influence personality, temperament and the way a person naturally responds to situations. Nurture refers to the influence of the environment and experiences in which a person grows. Family upbringing, education, culture, friends, religion and the community can all shape behavior. Nature and nurture work together. For example, a person may naturally be quiet, but living in a supportive environment may help them become more confident and sociable. Culture is the shared way of life of a particular group of people. It includes language, beliefs, values, customs, traditions, food, dress and ways of interacting. Culture influences social behavior by teaching people what is considered right, wrong, polite or unacceptable. For example, in many communities, children are expected to respect and greet elders. 1.3 Social expectations Social expectations are the behaviors that people expect from others in particular situations. Students are expected to respect teachers, workers are expected to perform their duties, and members of a community are expected to follow accepted ways of living. However, expectations may differ between cultures. Understanding these differences helps people respect others and avoid misunderstandings. 1.4 Social norms Social norms are the accepted rules and standards that guide how people are expected to behave in society. Some norms are written, while others are unwritten. Examples include greeting people, respecting elders, queuing when waiting for a service, keeping public places clean and following laws. Social norms help to maintain order and make it easier for people to live peacefully together. When people repeatedly break important norms, they may face criticism, rejection or punishment. Social differences refer to the ways in which individuals and groups differ from one another. People may differ in age, gender, education, occupation, income, language, culture, personality and family background. Social differences can benefit society because people bring different ideas, skills, experiences and ways of thinking. However, when differences are not respected, they can lead to prejudice, discrimination, conflict and social exclusion. 1.5 Factors That Influence Social Behavior Several factors influence how people behave towards others. These include: Family: Children learn manners, values and ways of interacting from family members. Culture: Culture influences beliefs, customs and acceptable ways of behaving. Friends: Peer groups can influence attitudes, language and behavior. Education: Schools teach discipline, cooperation, responsibility and respect. Religion: Religious beliefs can influence moral values and relationships. Media and technology: Social media, television and the internet can influence people's attitudes and behaviour. Personality: People have different personalities, which affect how they interact with others. Environment: The community and surroundings where a person lives can shape behaviour. Life experiences: Experiences such as success, failure, conflict and friendship can change the way people behave. === Chapter 2ː Communication and Human Interaction<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-27 |title=Defining Human Communication: Understanding Meaning and Connection - NGO Management Notes |language=en-US |work=NGO Management |url=https://ngo.management/introduction-to-ngo-management/defining-human-communication-meaning-connection/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> === Communication is an important part of human interaction. People communicate every day with family members, friends, teachers, colleagues and other members of society. Good communication helps people understand one another, build relationships, solve problems and avoid unnecessary conflicts. Communication is not only about speaking. People also communicate through facial expressions, gestures, body movements, eye contact and tone of voice. 2.1 Verbal communication and Non-verbal communication Verbal communication is the use of spoken or written words to share information, thoughts, feelings and ideas with other people. Examples include; talking to a friend, giving instructions, having a conversation, making a speech, sending a text message, writing a letter or email. Effective verbal communication requires clear language, appropriate words and a message that the other person can understand. The way something is said is also important. A polite and calm tone can make communication more positive, while an angry or insulting tone can create conflict. Non-verbal communication is the passing of information without using spoken or written words. For example, smiling can show happiness or friendliness, while avoiding eye contact may sometimes show nervousness or discomfort. Non-verbal communication can support spoken words, but it can also sometimes send a different message from what a person is saying. 2.2 Empathy Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings or to try to see a situation from their point of view. An empathetic person tries to understand what another person may be experiencing instead of immediately judging them. For example, if a friend loses a loved one, showing empathy means listening to them, acknowledging their pain and offering appropriate support. Empathy helps people: build stronger relationships; understand others better; reduce conflicts; show compassion; provide emotional support. 2.3 Active Listening Active listening means giving full attention to another person in order to understand what they are saying. An active listener: pays attention; maintains appropriate eye contact; avoids unnecessary interruptions; asks questions when something is unclear; shows interest; remembers important information; responds appropriately. For example, when someone is explaining a problem, an active listener does not use the opportunity to prepare their own response. They first try to understand the person's message. Active listening improves communication because it reduces confusion and makes people feel heard and respected. 2.4 Misunderstandings and Their Causes A misunderstanding occurs when a person interprets a message differently from what the sender intended. Misunderstandings can happen in everyday conversations and may sometimes lead to arguments or broken relationships. Causes of misunderstandings Poor communication – A person may fail to explain their message clearly. Language differences – People may use different languages, accents or meanings of words. Poor listening – Someone may hear the words without paying attention to the actual message. Assumptions – A person may make conclusions without asking for clarification. Emotions – Anger, fear or sadness can affect how people understand messages. Cultural differences – The same gesture or expression may have different meanings in different cultures. Tone of voice – A message can sound rude, angry or sarcastic even when that was not intended. Non-verbal signals – Facial expressions and body language may contradict spoken words. Noise and distractions – Physical or technological distractions can cause people to miss important information. Misunderstandings can be reduced by speaking clearly, listening carefully, asking questions and avoiding unnecessary assumptions. 2.5 Respectful Communication Respectful communication is communicating with others in a polite, considerate and fair manner, even when people have different opinions. Respectful communication involves: using polite language; listening when others are speaking; avoiding insults and offensive language; respecting different opinions; speaking calmly; avoiding unnecessary shouting; giving others a chance to express themselves; disagreeing without attacking the person. For example, instead of saying, "You are completely wrong," a person can say, "I understand your point, but I have a different opinion." Respectful communication creates trust and makes it easier for people to solve disagreements peacefully. 2.6 Body Language Body language is the way people communicate through movements, posture, gestures and physical expressions. Examples of body language include: Eye contact: May show attention, confidence or interest. Smiling: May communicate friendliness or happiness. Crossed arms: May sometimes suggest defensiveness or discomfort. Nodding: Often shows agreement or that someone is following a conversation. Standing upright: May communicate confidence. Looking away: May sometimes indicate discomfort, distraction or lack of interest. Hand gestures: Can help explain or emphasize a message. However, body language should not always be interpreted in isolation. The meaning of a gesture can depend on the person's culture, situation and personality. 2.7 Importance of Effective Communication Effective communication helps people to: understand one another, build healthy relationships, express feelings and ideas, solve problems, prevent misunderstandings, manage conflicts, work together, develop trust and cooperation. Good communication therefore requires more than simply speaking. It involves speaking clearly, listening actively, showing empathy, using appropriate body language and respecting other people. === Chapter 3ː Relationships, Cooperation and conflict<ref>{{Citation |last=Long |first=William J. |title=Cooperation and Conflict in International Relations |date=2021 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cooperation-and-conflict/cooperation-and-conflict-in-international-relations/805727C15854A93D0C4FD3B12C938BD9 |work=Cooperation and Conflict: The Interaction of Opposites in Shaping Social Behavior |pages=7–25 |editor-last=Brosnan |editor-first=Sarah F. |access-date=2026-10-02 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108671187.003 |isbn=978-1-108-47569-3 |editor2-last=Wilczynski |editor2-first=Walter}}</ref> === 3.1 Relationships Human beings are social beings who depend on one another for emotional, social and practical support. Throughout life, people form different kinds of relationships with family members, friends, classmates, workmates, neighbours and other members of society. These relationships can bring happiness, support, encouragement and a sense of belonging. However, relationships are not always easy. People have different personalities, opinions, needs, beliefs and expectations. These differences can sometimes lead to disagreements and conflicts. The ability to build healthy relationships, cooperate with others and resolve disagreements peacefully is therefore an important part of positive social behavior. 3.2 Building Healthy Relationships A relationship is a connection or association between two or more people. Relationships can be based on family ties, friendship, work, education, marriage, neighborhood or shared interests. A healthy relationship is one in which people treat each other with respect, honesty, care and understanding. Healthy relationships allow people to feel valued, safe and accepted. Building a healthy relationship takes time and effort. It requires people to communicate openly, keep promises, respect boundaries and support one another. Ways of building healthy relationships Trust: People should be able to depend on one another and believe that the other person will act honestly. Respect: Each person should recognize the worth and dignity of the other. Good communication: People should express their thoughts and feelings clearly and listen to one another. Honesty: Being truthful helps prevent suspicion and creates stronger relationships. Empathy: Understanding another person's feelings makes it easier to respond with care. Support: People should encourage and help one another during both good and difficult times. Forgiveness: People sometimes make mistakes. Being willing to forgive can help relationships recover from disagreements. Healthy relationships do not mean that people never disagree. Instead, they mean that disagreements are handled in a respectful and constructive manner. 3.3 Trust and Cooperation Trust is the belief that another person can be relied upon to be honest, responsible and dependable. Trust develops gradually through people's actions. When someone keeps promises, tells the truth and respects confidential information, others are more likely to trust them. Trust is important in families, friendships, workplaces and communities. Without trust, people may become suspicious and unwilling to cooperate. Cooperation is the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. For example, students may cooperate when completing a group assignment. Community members may cooperate when cleaning their neighborhood. Importance of cooperation Cooperation: helps people achieve goals; encourages teamwork; reduces unnecessary conflict; allows people to share skills and ideas; strengthens relationships; promotes unity; makes difficult tasks easier. Trust and cooperation are closely connected. People are generally more willing to cooperate when they trust one another. 3.4 Friendship and Family Relationships Friendship is a voluntary relationship between people who share affection, trust, companionship or common interests. Good friendships can provide emotional support, advice, encouragement and companionship. Friends can influence each other's attitudes and behavior, so choosing positive friends is important. A healthy friendship is usually characterized by: trust; honesty; respect; loyalty; mutual support; good communication; understanding; acceptance of differences. Family relationships are also important because the family is often the first social environment in which people learn how to interact with others. Families provide care, protection, emotional support, guidance and a sense of belonging. However, disagreements can occur within families because members have different needs and opinions. Open communication, patience and forgiveness can help maintain strong family relationships. 3.5 Workplace Relationships Workplace relationships are the relationships that develop between people in an organisation or place of work. People may work with supervisors, colleagues, employees, customers and other members of the organisation. Positive workplace relationships can improve teamwork and productivity. Good workplace relationships require: respect for colleagues; clear communication; cooperation; honesty; professionalism; responsibility; appreciation of other people's contributions. Poor workplace relationships can result in stress, arguments, poor teamwork and reduced productivity. People should therefore learn to separate personal disagreements from their professional responsibilities and deal with workplace problems appropriately. 3.6 Causes of Social Conflict Conflict is a disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups because of differences in opinions, interests, values, needs or goals. Conflict is a normal part of human interaction. It does not always mean that people hate one another. Sometimes people simply have different ways of seeing a situation. Causes of social conflict include: Differences in opinions – People may have different ideas about how something should be done. Competition for resources – Conflict may occur when people compete for limited resources such as money, land, jobs or opportunities. Poor communication – Unclear messages and misunderstandings can create disagreements. Cultural differences – Different traditions and beliefs can sometimes create tension. Discrimination – Treating people unfairly because of their differences can lead to resentment and conflict. Jealousy – Feelings of jealousy may damage friendships and relationships. Power and control – People may disagree over who should make decisions or control resources. Unresolved disagreements – Small problems can become serious when they are ignored. Prejudice and stereotypes – Negative beliefs about particular groups can create division. Economic difficulties – Poverty and inequality can contribute to tension within communities. 3.7 Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution refers to the process of dealing with disagreements and finding peaceful solutions that address the concerns of the people involved. Conflict should not always be solved through force or aggression. People can use communication, negotiation, mediation and compromise. Steps in conflict resolution Identify the problem: The people involved should understand what caused the disagreement. Listen to each other: Each person should be given an opportunity to explain their position. Remain calm: Anger and insults can make the situation worse. Find common ground: People should identify areas where they agree. Consider possible solutions: Different solutions should be discussed. Compromise: Sometimes each side must give up something in order to reach an acceptable agreement. Agree on a solution: The people involved should decide how the problem will be addressed. Follow up: The situation should be monitored to ensure that the conflict does not return. Conflict resolution helps people maintain relationships and avoid unnecessary violence. 3.8 Forgiveness and Reconciliation Forgiveness is the decision to let go of resentment or anger towards someone who has caused harm or offence. Forgiveness does not necessarily mean pretending that the wrongdoing never happened. Instead, it involves choosing not to remain controlled by anger or hatred. Reconciliation is the process of restoring a damaged relationship and rebuilding trust between people or groups. Forgiveness can contribute to reconciliation, but reconciliation may require additional steps such as an apology, acceptance of responsibility, compensation, changed behavior and rebuilding trust. Forgiveness and reconciliation can help individuals and communities move beyond past disagreements and establish healthier relationships. === Chapter 4ː Positive and negative social behaviors === 4.1 Positive social behaviors Social behavior can have either positive or negative effects on individuals and society. Positive social behaviors contribute to healthy relationships, cooperation, peace and community development. Negative social behaviors can cause emotional pain, conflict, discrimination and harm. Understanding both forms of behavior helps people recognize the consequences of their actions and make better choices. 4.2 Kindness and Helping Others Kindness is the willingness to treat others with care, consideration and compassion. Kindness can be shown through simple actions such as helping someone carry something, comforting a person who is sad, sharing with others or offering encouragement. Helping others is an important form of positive social behavior because people often depend on one another. Benefits of kindness Kindness: strengthens relationships; makes people feel valued; encourages cooperation; reduces loneliness; promotes happiness; creates supportive communities; encourages others to behave positively. Kindness does not always require money or major sacrifices. A kind word, listening to someone or offering assistance can make a significant difference. 4.3 Respect and Responsibility Respect is showing consideration for the rights, feelings, opinions and dignity of other people. Respect involves recognizing that other people have value even when they have different opinions or backgrounds. Examples of respect include listening when someone speaks, respecting personal property, using polite language and accepting reasonable differences. Responsibility means accepting the duty to perform one's obligations and being willing to take responsibility for one's actions. A responsible person understands that their behavior has consequences for themselves and others. Respect and responsibility are important because they create trust, discipline and cooperation in society. 4.4 Bullying and Harassment Bullying is repeated behavior intended to intimidate, hurt, humiliate or control another person. Bullying may be: physical; verbal; emotional; social; online. Examples include hitting, threatening, insulting, spreading rumors, deliberately excluding someone or repeatedly sending harmful messages online. Harassment refers to unwanted behavior that disturbs, threatens, humiliates or causes distress to another person. Bullying and harassment can have serious effects on a person's confidence, relationships, education, work and general well-being. They should not be treated as normal behavior. Individuals and institutions should create environments where people can report harmful behavior and receive appropriate support. 4.5 Peer Pressure Peer pressure occurs when individuals are influenced by their friends or people of a similar age to behave in a particular way. Peer pressure can be positive or negative. Positive peer pressure may encourage someone to study harder, participate in sports, avoid harmful behavior or develop useful skills. Negative peer pressure may encourage behaviors such as substance abuse, fighting, cheating, truancy, stealing or other harmful activities. A person can resist negative peer pressure by: being confident; knowing their values; choosing supportive friends; saying no firmly; avoiding risky situations; seeking advice from trusted people. 4.6 Discrimination and Exclusion Discrimination is unfair treatment of a person or group because of characteristics such as their background, gender, age, disability, social status or other differences. Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are prevented from fully participating in social, educational, economic or community activities. Discrimination can make people feel rejected, powerless and less valued. Examples include refusing someone an opportunity because of their background or deliberately excluding someone from a group because they are considered different. A fair society should promote equal opportunities and respect for all people. 4.7 Aggression and Harmful Behavior Aggression refers to behavior intended to threaten, intimidate, dominate or harm another person. Aggression can be physical, verbal or psychological. Examples include: fighting; threatening others; insulting people; destroying property; intimidation; deliberately hurting others. Harmful behavior can damage relationships and create fear and insecurity. People can reduce aggression by learning emotional control, communicating their concerns peacefully, seeking help and using appropriate conflict-resolution strategies. 4.8 How Social Behavior Can Be Changed Social behavior is not necessarily fixed. People can learn new ways of thinking and behaving. Behavior can be changed through: Education: Teaching people about respect, empathy, communication and responsibility can encourage positive behavior. Positive role models: People often learn by observing parents, teachers, leaders, friends and other role models. Self-awareness: Understanding one's own behavior is an important step towards changing it. Positive peer influence: Supportive friends can encourage healthier choices. Counselling: Professional or trusted guidance can help people understand the causes of harmful behavior. Rewards and encouragement: Positive behavior can be strengthened through recognition and encouragement. Consequences: Appropriate consequences can discourage harmful actions. Changing social behavior often takes time. It requires willingness, practice, support and a suitable environment. === Chapter 5ː Social behavior in the modern world<ref>{{Cite book |last=Višňovský |first=Ján |url=https://www.intechopen.com/books/1003523 |title=Social Media and Modern Society - How Social Media Are Changing the Way We Interact with the World Around |last2=Majerová |first2=Jana |date=2024-11-27 |publisher=IntechOpen |isbn=978-1-83769-840-0 |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.1001741}}</ref> === 5.1 Introduction Technology has significantly changed the way people interact. In the past, most social interaction took place face-to-face or through letters and traditional forms of communication. Today, people can communicate instantly with others across the world through mobile phones, social media, messaging applications and other digital technologies. The modern world has created many opportunities for people to connect, but it has also introduced new challenges. People must therefore understand how technology influences social behavior and learn to use it responsibly. 5.2 Social Media and Human Behavior Social media refers to online platforms that allow people to create, share and exchange information and interact with other users. Social media has changed how people communicate, make friends, share opinions and obtain information. It can have positive effects by: connecting people who are far apart; helping people maintain relationships; providing educational information; creating business opportunities; allowing people to share ideas; supporting communities and social causes. However, excessive or irresponsible use can also have negative effects. People may become overly dependent on online approval, compare themselves with others, spend too much time online or become involved in online conflicts. Social media can therefore influence people's attitudes, relationships and everyday behaviour. 5.3 Online Communication Online communication is the exchange of information through digital technologies such as messaging applications, email, social networking platforms and video calls. Online communication is convenient because people can communicate across long distances almost instantly. However, online communication lacks some of the social cues found in face-to-face communication. A written message may not clearly communicate the sender's tone or emotion. For example, a person may make a joke through text, but the receiver may interpret it as an insult because they cannot hear the speaker's tone. Effective online communication therefore requires people to choose their words carefully and consider how their messages may be interpreted. 5.4 Digital Etiquette Digital etiquette, sometimes called netiquette, refers to the rules and appropriate behaviour people should follow when communicating and interacting online. Good digital etiquette includes: using respectful language; avoiding unnecessary insults; respecting other people's privacy; thinking before posting; avoiding spreading false information; giving credit to other people's work; respecting different opinions; avoiding excessive messaging; responding appropriately; remembering that online actions can affect real people. People should remember that being behind a screen does not remove the responsibility to treat others with dignity. 5.5 Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is bullying carried out through digital technologies such as social media, messaging platforms, websites or online gaming platforms. It can include: sending threatening messages; spreading embarrassing information; sharing someone's private information without permission; creating harmful rumors; posting humiliating content; deliberately excluding someone from online groups. Cyberbullying can be particularly harmful because online content can spread quickly and may reach a large audience. People experiencing cyberbullying should avoid responding aggressively, keep evidence of harmful messages where appropriate, block or report offenders and seek help from trusted adults, institutions or relevant authorities. 5.6 Social Media Influence Social media can strongly influence the way people think and behave. People may be influenced by: celebrities and public figures; influencers; friends; online communities; advertisements; trends; viral content. Social media can encourage positive behavior, such as learning, creativity, entrepreneurship and community participation. However, it can also promote harmful behaviors, unrealistic expectations and misinformation. People should therefore develop critical thinking. Before accepting or sharing information, they should consider whether the information is reliable and whether sharing it could harm someone. 5.7 Privacy and Responsible Online Behavior Privacy is the ability of individuals to control information about themselves and decide how that information is shared. Responsible online behavior involves protecting one's own privacy and respecting the privacy of others. People should be careful about sharing: passwords; private photographs; personal contact information; financial information; private conversations; sensitive personal details. A person should also avoid sharing another person's photograph, message or personal information without appropriate permission. Responsible online behavior means understanding that information shared online may be copied, stored or redistributed beyond the original audience. 5.8 Balancing Online and Face-to-Face Relationships Technology provides convenient ways to communicate, but face-to-face interaction remains important. Face-to-face communication allows people to observe facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice and other social cues. It can also provide opportunities for deeper emotional connection. Spending too much time online may reduce opportunities for direct interaction with family, friends and community members. A healthy balance involves using technology as a tool for communication without allowing it to completely replace real-world relationships. People can maintain balance by: setting reasonable limits on screen time; spending time with family and friends; participating in community activities; having face-to-face conversations; avoiding unnecessary phone use during important conversations; making time for hobbies and physical activities. 5.9 Conclusion The modern world has transformed human interaction. Digital technology and social media have made communication faster and more convenient, but they have also created new responsibilities and challenges. People must learn to communicate respectfully both offline and online. They should understand digital etiquette, protect privacy, avoid cyberbullying and think critically about information encountered on social media. Technology should support human relationships rather than completely replace them. Maintaining a healthy balance between online communication and face-to-face interaction can help people develop stronger and more meaningful relationships. == Conclusion == Understanding social behavior helps people understand themselves and the people around them. Social behavior influences how individuals communicate, form relationships, cooperate, handle disagreements and respond to differences. Healthy social behavior is built on respect, empathy, trust, responsibility, kindness, cooperation and effective communication. At the same time, people need to recognize harmful behaviors such as bullying, discrimination, aggression and exclusion and understand how these behaviors can affect individuals and society. As society continues to change through technology and social media, the ability to interact responsibly becomes even more important. Developing good social behavior is therefore not only useful for personal relationships but also essential for creating peaceful, respectful and cooperative communities. The book summarizes the importance of understanding social behavior and encourages readers to develop self-awareness, empathy, respect, communication skills, and responsible behavior in their interactions with others. == References == t0axnm621oqpjqm7uf0fjmft2jock04 4673566 4673565 2026-10-02T04:18:33Z Matovu Trevor 3620409 Matovu Trevor moved page [[User:Matovu Trevor/sandbox]] to [[Wikibooks:Matovu Trevor/sandbox/Social Behaviors]] 4673565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=Checked using AI checkers, they claim the page was generated with the use of AI. Adding tag to make sure that the page has a thorough review.}} == Social Behaviors<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Handbook of Social Psychology {{!}} Open Publishing |url=https://openpublishing.princeton.edu/projects/the-handbook-of-social-psychology |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=openpublishing.princeton.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> == The book examines how people behave and interact with others in families, schools, workplaces, communities, and online environments. It explores both positive and negative social behaviors and how they influence relationships and society. Target audience: Adults The language will be very clear, practical, and accessible to adult readers while introducing important psychological and social concepts where necessary. === Book summary === Social Behaviors provides a practical introduction to the ways people behave and interact with one another in everyday life. The book examines communication, co-operation, respect, empathy, conflict, peer influence, social norms, and behavior in digital spaces. It connects basic social and physiology concepts with practical examples that adults can apply in their personal, professional, and community relationships. === Introduction: Beyond the Post Button === The introduction explains why social behavior matters and how human interaction goes beyond online communication. It introduces the importance of understanding people's actions, emotions, communication styles, and responses in different social environments. === Chapter one: Understanding Social behavior<ref>{{Cite web |title=understanding social behavirs - Search Videos |url=https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=understanding+social+behavirs&mid=5AC81071065E50FAB1555AC81071065E50FAB155&churl=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm-FKdCIn4xFS9f49APqHpA&FORM=VIRE |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=www.bing.com}}</ref> === 1.1 Social behavior Social behavior refers to the way people behave, communicate and interact with one another in society. It includes the way people form relationships, cooperate, communicate, help others, respond to different situations and follow rules. Social behavior can be positive, such as kindness, cooperation and respect, or negative, such as aggression, discrimination and bullying. Social behavior is important because human beings live in groups and depend on one another. The way individuals behave affects their families, friends, schools, workplaces and communities. Social behavior is influenced by both nature and nurture. 1.2 Nature vs nurture Nature refers to the biological characteristics and tendencies that a person inherits from their parents. These may influence personality, temperament and the way a person naturally responds to situations. Nurture refers to the influence of the environment and experiences in which a person grows. Family upbringing, education, culture, friends, religion and the community can all shape behavior. Nature and nurture work together. For example, a person may naturally be quiet, but living in a supportive environment may help them become more confident and sociable. Culture is the shared way of life of a particular group of people. It includes language, beliefs, values, customs, traditions, food, dress and ways of interacting. Culture influences social behavior by teaching people what is considered right, wrong, polite or unacceptable. For example, in many communities, children are expected to respect and greet elders. 1.3 Social expectations Social expectations are the behaviors that people expect from others in particular situations. Students are expected to respect teachers, workers are expected to perform their duties, and members of a community are expected to follow accepted ways of living. However, expectations may differ between cultures. Understanding these differences helps people respect others and avoid misunderstandings. 1.4 Social norms Social norms are the accepted rules and standards that guide how people are expected to behave in society. Some norms are written, while others are unwritten. Examples include greeting people, respecting elders, queuing when waiting for a service, keeping public places clean and following laws. Social norms help to maintain order and make it easier for people to live peacefully together. When people repeatedly break important norms, they may face criticism, rejection or punishment. Social differences refer to the ways in which individuals and groups differ from one another. People may differ in age, gender, education, occupation, income, language, culture, personality and family background. Social differences can benefit society because people bring different ideas, skills, experiences and ways of thinking. However, when differences are not respected, they can lead to prejudice, discrimination, conflict and social exclusion. 1.5 Factors That Influence Social Behavior Several factors influence how people behave towards others. These include: Family: Children learn manners, values and ways of interacting from family members. Culture: Culture influences beliefs, customs and acceptable ways of behaving. Friends: Peer groups can influence attitudes, language and behavior. Education: Schools teach discipline, cooperation, responsibility and respect. Religion: Religious beliefs can influence moral values and relationships. Media and technology: Social media, television and the internet can influence people's attitudes and behaviour. Personality: People have different personalities, which affect how they interact with others. Environment: The community and surroundings where a person lives can shape behaviour. Life experiences: Experiences such as success, failure, conflict and friendship can change the way people behave. === Chapter 2ː Communication and Human Interaction<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-27 |title=Defining Human Communication: Understanding Meaning and Connection - NGO Management Notes |language=en-US |work=NGO Management |url=https://ngo.management/introduction-to-ngo-management/defining-human-communication-meaning-connection/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> === Communication is an important part of human interaction. People communicate every day with family members, friends, teachers, colleagues and other members of society. Good communication helps people understand one another, build relationships, solve problems and avoid unnecessary conflicts. Communication is not only about speaking. People also communicate through facial expressions, gestures, body movements, eye contact and tone of voice. 2.1 Verbal communication and Non-verbal communication Verbal communication is the use of spoken or written words to share information, thoughts, feelings and ideas with other people. Examples include; talking to a friend, giving instructions, having a conversation, making a speech, sending a text message, writing a letter or email. Effective verbal communication requires clear language, appropriate words and a message that the other person can understand. The way something is said is also important. A polite and calm tone can make communication more positive, while an angry or insulting tone can create conflict. Non-verbal communication is the passing of information without using spoken or written words. For example, smiling can show happiness or friendliness, while avoiding eye contact may sometimes show nervousness or discomfort. Non-verbal communication can support spoken words, but it can also sometimes send a different message from what a person is saying. 2.2 Empathy Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings or to try to see a situation from their point of view. An empathetic person tries to understand what another person may be experiencing instead of immediately judging them. For example, if a friend loses a loved one, showing empathy means listening to them, acknowledging their pain and offering appropriate support. Empathy helps people: build stronger relationships; understand others better; reduce conflicts; show compassion; provide emotional support. 2.3 Active Listening Active listening means giving full attention to another person in order to understand what they are saying. An active listener: pays attention; maintains appropriate eye contact; avoids unnecessary interruptions; asks questions when something is unclear; shows interest; remembers important information; responds appropriately. For example, when someone is explaining a problem, an active listener does not use the opportunity to prepare their own response. They first try to understand the person's message. Active listening improves communication because it reduces confusion and makes people feel heard and respected. 2.4 Misunderstandings and Their Causes A misunderstanding occurs when a person interprets a message differently from what the sender intended. Misunderstandings can happen in everyday conversations and may sometimes lead to arguments or broken relationships. Causes of misunderstandings Poor communication – A person may fail to explain their message clearly. Language differences – People may use different languages, accents or meanings of words. Poor listening – Someone may hear the words without paying attention to the actual message. Assumptions – A person may make conclusions without asking for clarification. Emotions – Anger, fear or sadness can affect how people understand messages. Cultural differences – The same gesture or expression may have different meanings in different cultures. Tone of voice – A message can sound rude, angry or sarcastic even when that was not intended. Non-verbal signals – Facial expressions and body language may contradict spoken words. Noise and distractions – Physical or technological distractions can cause people to miss important information. Misunderstandings can be reduced by speaking clearly, listening carefully, asking questions and avoiding unnecessary assumptions. 2.5 Respectful Communication Respectful communication is communicating with others in a polite, considerate and fair manner, even when people have different opinions. Respectful communication involves: using polite language; listening when others are speaking; avoiding insults and offensive language; respecting different opinions; speaking calmly; avoiding unnecessary shouting; giving others a chance to express themselves; disagreeing without attacking the person. For example, instead of saying, "You are completely wrong," a person can say, "I understand your point, but I have a different opinion." Respectful communication creates trust and makes it easier for people to solve disagreements peacefully. 2.6 Body Language Body language is the way people communicate through movements, posture, gestures and physical expressions. Examples of body language include: Eye contact: May show attention, confidence or interest. Smiling: May communicate friendliness or happiness. Crossed arms: May sometimes suggest defensiveness or discomfort. Nodding: Often shows agreement or that someone is following a conversation. Standing upright: May communicate confidence. Looking away: May sometimes indicate discomfort, distraction or lack of interest. Hand gestures: Can help explain or emphasize a message. However, body language should not always be interpreted in isolation. The meaning of a gesture can depend on the person's culture, situation and personality. 2.7 Importance of Effective Communication Effective communication helps people to: understand one another, build healthy relationships, express feelings and ideas, solve problems, prevent misunderstandings, manage conflicts, work together, develop trust and cooperation. Good communication therefore requires more than simply speaking. It involves speaking clearly, listening actively, showing empathy, using appropriate body language and respecting other people. === Chapter 3ː Relationships, Cooperation and conflict<ref>{{Citation |last=Long |first=William J. |title=Cooperation and Conflict in International Relations |date=2021 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cooperation-and-conflict/cooperation-and-conflict-in-international-relations/805727C15854A93D0C4FD3B12C938BD9 |work=Cooperation and Conflict: The Interaction of Opposites in Shaping Social Behavior |pages=7–25 |editor-last=Brosnan |editor-first=Sarah F. |access-date=2026-10-02 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108671187.003 |isbn=978-1-108-47569-3 |editor2-last=Wilczynski |editor2-first=Walter}}</ref> === 3.1 Relationships Human beings are social beings who depend on one another for emotional, social and practical support. Throughout life, people form different kinds of relationships with family members, friends, classmates, workmates, neighbours and other members of society. These relationships can bring happiness, support, encouragement and a sense of belonging. However, relationships are not always easy. People have different personalities, opinions, needs, beliefs and expectations. These differences can sometimes lead to disagreements and conflicts. The ability to build healthy relationships, cooperate with others and resolve disagreements peacefully is therefore an important part of positive social behavior. 3.2 Building Healthy Relationships A relationship is a connection or association between two or more people. Relationships can be based on family ties, friendship, work, education, marriage, neighborhood or shared interests. A healthy relationship is one in which people treat each other with respect, honesty, care and understanding. Healthy relationships allow people to feel valued, safe and accepted. Building a healthy relationship takes time and effort. It requires people to communicate openly, keep promises, respect boundaries and support one another. Ways of building healthy relationships Trust: People should be able to depend on one another and believe that the other person will act honestly. Respect: Each person should recognize the worth and dignity of the other. Good communication: People should express their thoughts and feelings clearly and listen to one another. Honesty: Being truthful helps prevent suspicion and creates stronger relationships. Empathy: Understanding another person's feelings makes it easier to respond with care. Support: People should encourage and help one another during both good and difficult times. Forgiveness: People sometimes make mistakes. Being willing to forgive can help relationships recover from disagreements. Healthy relationships do not mean that people never disagree. Instead, they mean that disagreements are handled in a respectful and constructive manner. 3.3 Trust and Cooperation Trust is the belief that another person can be relied upon to be honest, responsible and dependable. Trust develops gradually through people's actions. When someone keeps promises, tells the truth and respects confidential information, others are more likely to trust them. Trust is important in families, friendships, workplaces and communities. Without trust, people may become suspicious and unwilling to cooperate. Cooperation is the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. For example, students may cooperate when completing a group assignment. Community members may cooperate when cleaning their neighborhood. Importance of cooperation Cooperation: helps people achieve goals; encourages teamwork; reduces unnecessary conflict; allows people to share skills and ideas; strengthens relationships; promotes unity; makes difficult tasks easier. Trust and cooperation are closely connected. People are generally more willing to cooperate when they trust one another. 3.4 Friendship and Family Relationships Friendship is a voluntary relationship between people who share affection, trust, companionship or common interests. Good friendships can provide emotional support, advice, encouragement and companionship. Friends can influence each other's attitudes and behavior, so choosing positive friends is important. A healthy friendship is usually characterized by: trust; honesty; respect; loyalty; mutual support; good communication; understanding; acceptance of differences. Family relationships are also important because the family is often the first social environment in which people learn how to interact with others. Families provide care, protection, emotional support, guidance and a sense of belonging. However, disagreements can occur within families because members have different needs and opinions. Open communication, patience and forgiveness can help maintain strong family relationships. 3.5 Workplace Relationships Workplace relationships are the relationships that develop between people in an organisation or place of work. People may work with supervisors, colleagues, employees, customers and other members of the organisation. Positive workplace relationships can improve teamwork and productivity. Good workplace relationships require: respect for colleagues; clear communication; cooperation; honesty; professionalism; responsibility; appreciation of other people's contributions. Poor workplace relationships can result in stress, arguments, poor teamwork and reduced productivity. People should therefore learn to separate personal disagreements from their professional responsibilities and deal with workplace problems appropriately. 3.6 Causes of Social Conflict Conflict is a disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups because of differences in opinions, interests, values, needs or goals. Conflict is a normal part of human interaction. It does not always mean that people hate one another. Sometimes people simply have different ways of seeing a situation. Causes of social conflict include: Differences in opinions – People may have different ideas about how something should be done. Competition for resources – Conflict may occur when people compete for limited resources such as money, land, jobs or opportunities. Poor communication – Unclear messages and misunderstandings can create disagreements. Cultural differences – Different traditions and beliefs can sometimes create tension. Discrimination – Treating people unfairly because of their differences can lead to resentment and conflict. Jealousy – Feelings of jealousy may damage friendships and relationships. Power and control – People may disagree over who should make decisions or control resources. Unresolved disagreements – Small problems can become serious when they are ignored. Prejudice and stereotypes – Negative beliefs about particular groups can create division. Economic difficulties – Poverty and inequality can contribute to tension within communities. 3.7 Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution refers to the process of dealing with disagreements and finding peaceful solutions that address the concerns of the people involved. Conflict should not always be solved through force or aggression. People can use communication, negotiation, mediation and compromise. Steps in conflict resolution Identify the problem: The people involved should understand what caused the disagreement. Listen to each other: Each person should be given an opportunity to explain their position. Remain calm: Anger and insults can make the situation worse. Find common ground: People should identify areas where they agree. Consider possible solutions: Different solutions should be discussed. Compromise: Sometimes each side must give up something in order to reach an acceptable agreement. Agree on a solution: The people involved should decide how the problem will be addressed. Follow up: The situation should be monitored to ensure that the conflict does not return. Conflict resolution helps people maintain relationships and avoid unnecessary violence. 3.8 Forgiveness and Reconciliation Forgiveness is the decision to let go of resentment or anger towards someone who has caused harm or offence. Forgiveness does not necessarily mean pretending that the wrongdoing never happened. Instead, it involves choosing not to remain controlled by anger or hatred. Reconciliation is the process of restoring a damaged relationship and rebuilding trust between people or groups. Forgiveness can contribute to reconciliation, but reconciliation may require additional steps such as an apology, acceptance of responsibility, compensation, changed behavior and rebuilding trust. Forgiveness and reconciliation can help individuals and communities move beyond past disagreements and establish healthier relationships. === Chapter 4ː Positive and negative social behaviors === 4.1 Positive social behaviors Social behavior can have either positive or negative effects on individuals and society. Positive social behaviors contribute to healthy relationships, cooperation, peace and community development. Negative social behaviors can cause emotional pain, conflict, discrimination and harm. Understanding both forms of behavior helps people recognize the consequences of their actions and make better choices. 4.2 Kindness and Helping Others Kindness is the willingness to treat others with care, consideration and compassion. Kindness can be shown through simple actions such as helping someone carry something, comforting a person who is sad, sharing with others or offering encouragement. Helping others is an important form of positive social behavior because people often depend on one another. Benefits of kindness Kindness: strengthens relationships; makes people feel valued; encourages cooperation; reduces loneliness; promotes happiness; creates supportive communities; encourages others to behave positively. Kindness does not always require money or major sacrifices. A kind word, listening to someone or offering assistance can make a significant difference. 4.3 Respect and Responsibility Respect is showing consideration for the rights, feelings, opinions and dignity of other people. Respect involves recognizing that other people have value even when they have different opinions or backgrounds. Examples of respect include listening when someone speaks, respecting personal property, using polite language and accepting reasonable differences. Responsibility means accepting the duty to perform one's obligations and being willing to take responsibility for one's actions. A responsible person understands that their behavior has consequences for themselves and others. Respect and responsibility are important because they create trust, discipline and cooperation in society. 4.4 Bullying and Harassment Bullying is repeated behavior intended to intimidate, hurt, humiliate or control another person. Bullying may be: physical; verbal; emotional; social; online. Examples include hitting, threatening, insulting, spreading rumors, deliberately excluding someone or repeatedly sending harmful messages online. Harassment refers to unwanted behavior that disturbs, threatens, humiliates or causes distress to another person. Bullying and harassment can have serious effects on a person's confidence, relationships, education, work and general well-being. They should not be treated as normal behavior. Individuals and institutions should create environments where people can report harmful behavior and receive appropriate support. 4.5 Peer Pressure Peer pressure occurs when individuals are influenced by their friends or people of a similar age to behave in a particular way. Peer pressure can be positive or negative. Positive peer pressure may encourage someone to study harder, participate in sports, avoid harmful behavior or develop useful skills. Negative peer pressure may encourage behaviors such as substance abuse, fighting, cheating, truancy, stealing or other harmful activities. A person can resist negative peer pressure by: being confident; knowing their values; choosing supportive friends; saying no firmly; avoiding risky situations; seeking advice from trusted people. 4.6 Discrimination and Exclusion Discrimination is unfair treatment of a person or group because of characteristics such as their background, gender, age, disability, social status or other differences. Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are prevented from fully participating in social, educational, economic or community activities. Discrimination can make people feel rejected, powerless and less valued. Examples include refusing someone an opportunity because of their background or deliberately excluding someone from a group because they are considered different. A fair society should promote equal opportunities and respect for all people. 4.7 Aggression and Harmful Behavior Aggression refers to behavior intended to threaten, intimidate, dominate or harm another person. Aggression can be physical, verbal or psychological. Examples include: fighting; threatening others; insulting people; destroying property; intimidation; deliberately hurting others. Harmful behavior can damage relationships and create fear and insecurity. People can reduce aggression by learning emotional control, communicating their concerns peacefully, seeking help and using appropriate conflict-resolution strategies. 4.8 How Social Behavior Can Be Changed Social behavior is not necessarily fixed. People can learn new ways of thinking and behaving. Behavior can be changed through: Education: Teaching people about respect, empathy, communication and responsibility can encourage positive behavior. Positive role models: People often learn by observing parents, teachers, leaders, friends and other role models. Self-awareness: Understanding one's own behavior is an important step towards changing it. Positive peer influence: Supportive friends can encourage healthier choices. Counselling: Professional or trusted guidance can help people understand the causes of harmful behavior. Rewards and encouragement: Positive behavior can be strengthened through recognition and encouragement. Consequences: Appropriate consequences can discourage harmful actions. Changing social behavior often takes time. It requires willingness, practice, support and a suitable environment. === Chapter 5ː Social behavior in the modern world<ref>{{Cite book |last=Višňovský |first=Ján |url=https://www.intechopen.com/books/1003523 |title=Social Media and Modern Society - How Social Media Are Changing the Way We Interact with the World Around |last2=Majerová |first2=Jana |date=2024-11-27 |publisher=IntechOpen |isbn=978-1-83769-840-0 |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.1001741}}</ref> === 5.1 Introduction Technology has significantly changed the way people interact. In the past, most social interaction took place face-to-face or through letters and traditional forms of communication. Today, people can communicate instantly with others across the world through mobile phones, social media, messaging applications and other digital technologies. The modern world has created many opportunities for people to connect, but it has also introduced new challenges. People must therefore understand how technology influences social behavior and learn to use it responsibly. 5.2 Social Media and Human Behavior Social media refers to online platforms that allow people to create, share and exchange information and interact with other users. Social media has changed how people communicate, make friends, share opinions and obtain information. It can have positive effects by: connecting people who are far apart; helping people maintain relationships; providing educational information; creating business opportunities; allowing people to share ideas; supporting communities and social causes. However, excessive or irresponsible use can also have negative effects. People may become overly dependent on online approval, compare themselves with others, spend too much time online or become involved in online conflicts. Social media can therefore influence people's attitudes, relationships and everyday behaviour. 5.3 Online Communication Online communication is the exchange of information through digital technologies such as messaging applications, email, social networking platforms and video calls. Online communication is convenient because people can communicate across long distances almost instantly. However, online communication lacks some of the social cues found in face-to-face communication. A written message may not clearly communicate the sender's tone or emotion. For example, a person may make a joke through text, but the receiver may interpret it as an insult because they cannot hear the speaker's tone. Effective online communication therefore requires people to choose their words carefully and consider how their messages may be interpreted. 5.4 Digital Etiquette Digital etiquette, sometimes called netiquette, refers to the rules and appropriate behaviour people should follow when communicating and interacting online. Good digital etiquette includes: using respectful language; avoiding unnecessary insults; respecting other people's privacy; thinking before posting; avoiding spreading false information; giving credit to other people's work; respecting different opinions; avoiding excessive messaging; responding appropriately; remembering that online actions can affect real people. People should remember that being behind a screen does not remove the responsibility to treat others with dignity. 5.5 Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is bullying carried out through digital technologies such as social media, messaging platforms, websites or online gaming platforms. It can include: sending threatening messages; spreading embarrassing information; sharing someone's private information without permission; creating harmful rumors; posting humiliating content; deliberately excluding someone from online groups. Cyberbullying can be particularly harmful because online content can spread quickly and may reach a large audience. People experiencing cyberbullying should avoid responding aggressively, keep evidence of harmful messages where appropriate, block or report offenders and seek help from trusted adults, institutions or relevant authorities. 5.6 Social Media Influence Social media can strongly influence the way people think and behave. People may be influenced by: celebrities and public figures; influencers; friends; online communities; advertisements; trends; viral content. Social media can encourage positive behavior, such as learning, creativity, entrepreneurship and community participation. However, it can also promote harmful behaviors, unrealistic expectations and misinformation. People should therefore develop critical thinking. Before accepting or sharing information, they should consider whether the information is reliable and whether sharing it could harm someone. 5.7 Privacy and Responsible Online Behavior Privacy is the ability of individuals to control information about themselves and decide how that information is shared. Responsible online behavior involves protecting one's own privacy and respecting the privacy of others. People should be careful about sharing: passwords; private photographs; personal contact information; financial information; private conversations; sensitive personal details. A person should also avoid sharing another person's photograph, message or personal information without appropriate permission. Responsible online behavior means understanding that information shared online may be copied, stored or redistributed beyond the original audience. 5.8 Balancing Online and Face-to-Face Relationships Technology provides convenient ways to communicate, but face-to-face interaction remains important. Face-to-face communication allows people to observe facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice and other social cues. It can also provide opportunities for deeper emotional connection. Spending too much time online may reduce opportunities for direct interaction with family, friends and community members. A healthy balance involves using technology as a tool for communication without allowing it to completely replace real-world relationships. People can maintain balance by: setting reasonable limits on screen time; spending time with family and friends; participating in community activities; having face-to-face conversations; avoiding unnecessary phone use during important conversations; making time for hobbies and physical activities. 5.9 Conclusion The modern world has transformed human interaction. Digital technology and social media have made communication faster and more convenient, but they have also created new responsibilities and challenges. People must learn to communicate respectfully both offline and online. They should understand digital etiquette, protect privacy, avoid cyberbullying and think critically about information encountered on social media. Technology should support human relationships rather than completely replace them. Maintaining a healthy balance between online communication and face-to-face interaction can help people develop stronger and more meaningful relationships. == Conclusion == Understanding social behavior helps people understand themselves and the people around them. Social behavior influences how individuals communicate, form relationships, cooperate, handle disagreements and respond to differences. Healthy social behavior is built on respect, empathy, trust, responsibility, kindness, cooperation and effective communication. At the same time, people need to recognize harmful behaviors such as bullying, discrimination, aggression and exclusion and understand how these behaviors can affect individuals and society. As society continues to change through technology and social media, the ability to interact responsibly becomes even more important. Developing good social behavior is therefore not only useful for personal relationships but also essential for creating peaceful, respectful and cooperative communities. The book summarizes the importance of understanding social behavior and encourages readers to develop self-awareness, empathy, respect, communication skills, and responsible behavior in their interactions with others. == References == t0axnm621oqpjqm7uf0fjmft2jock04 4673568 4673566 2026-10-02T04:20:29Z Matovu Trevor 3620409 Matovu Trevor moved page [[Wikibooks:Matovu Trevor/sandbox/Social Behaviors]] to [[Wikibooks:Social Behaviors]] 4673565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-suspected|reason=Checked using AI checkers, they claim the page was generated with the use of AI. Adding tag to make sure that the page has a thorough review.}} == Social Behaviors<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Handbook of Social Psychology {{!}} Open Publishing |url=https://openpublishing.princeton.edu/projects/the-handbook-of-social-psychology |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=openpublishing.princeton.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> == The book examines how people behave and interact with others in families, schools, workplaces, communities, and online environments. It explores both positive and negative social behaviors and how they influence relationships and society. Target audience: Adults The language will be very clear, practical, and accessible to adult readers while introducing important psychological and social concepts where necessary. === Book summary === Social Behaviors provides a practical introduction to the ways people behave and interact with one another in everyday life. The book examines communication, co-operation, respect, empathy, conflict, peer influence, social norms, and behavior in digital spaces. It connects basic social and physiology concepts with practical examples that adults can apply in their personal, professional, and community relationships. === Introduction: Beyond the Post Button === The introduction explains why social behavior matters and how human interaction goes beyond online communication. It introduces the importance of understanding people's actions, emotions, communication styles, and responses in different social environments. === Chapter one: Understanding Social behavior<ref>{{Cite web |title=understanding social behavirs - Search Videos |url=https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=understanding+social+behavirs&mid=5AC81071065E50FAB1555AC81071065E50FAB155&churl=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm-FKdCIn4xFS9f49APqHpA&FORM=VIRE |access-date=2026-09-25 |website=www.bing.com}}</ref> === 1.1 Social behavior Social behavior refers to the way people behave, communicate and interact with one another in society. It includes the way people form relationships, cooperate, communicate, help others, respond to different situations and follow rules. Social behavior can be positive, such as kindness, cooperation and respect, or negative, such as aggression, discrimination and bullying. Social behavior is important because human beings live in groups and depend on one another. The way individuals behave affects their families, friends, schools, workplaces and communities. Social behavior is influenced by both nature and nurture. 1.2 Nature vs nurture Nature refers to the biological characteristics and tendencies that a person inherits from their parents. These may influence personality, temperament and the way a person naturally responds to situations. Nurture refers to the influence of the environment and experiences in which a person grows. Family upbringing, education, culture, friends, religion and the community can all shape behavior. Nature and nurture work together. For example, a person may naturally be quiet, but living in a supportive environment may help them become more confident and sociable. Culture is the shared way of life of a particular group of people. It includes language, beliefs, values, customs, traditions, food, dress and ways of interacting. Culture influences social behavior by teaching people what is considered right, wrong, polite or unacceptable. For example, in many communities, children are expected to respect and greet elders. 1.3 Social expectations Social expectations are the behaviors that people expect from others in particular situations. Students are expected to respect teachers, workers are expected to perform their duties, and members of a community are expected to follow accepted ways of living. However, expectations may differ between cultures. Understanding these differences helps people respect others and avoid misunderstandings. 1.4 Social norms Social norms are the accepted rules and standards that guide how people are expected to behave in society. Some norms are written, while others are unwritten. Examples include greeting people, respecting elders, queuing when waiting for a service, keeping public places clean and following laws. Social norms help to maintain order and make it easier for people to live peacefully together. When people repeatedly break important norms, they may face criticism, rejection or punishment. Social differences refer to the ways in which individuals and groups differ from one another. People may differ in age, gender, education, occupation, income, language, culture, personality and family background. Social differences can benefit society because people bring different ideas, skills, experiences and ways of thinking. However, when differences are not respected, they can lead to prejudice, discrimination, conflict and social exclusion. 1.5 Factors That Influence Social Behavior Several factors influence how people behave towards others. These include: Family: Children learn manners, values and ways of interacting from family members. Culture: Culture influences beliefs, customs and acceptable ways of behaving. Friends: Peer groups can influence attitudes, language and behavior. Education: Schools teach discipline, cooperation, responsibility and respect. Religion: Religious beliefs can influence moral values and relationships. Media and technology: Social media, television and the internet can influence people's attitudes and behaviour. Personality: People have different personalities, which affect how they interact with others. Environment: The community and surroundings where a person lives can shape behaviour. Life experiences: Experiences such as success, failure, conflict and friendship can change the way people behave. === Chapter 2ː Communication and Human Interaction<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-27 |title=Defining Human Communication: Understanding Meaning and Connection - NGO Management Notes |language=en-US |work=NGO Management |url=https://ngo.management/introduction-to-ngo-management/defining-human-communication-meaning-connection/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> === Communication is an important part of human interaction. People communicate every day with family members, friends, teachers, colleagues and other members of society. Good communication helps people understand one another, build relationships, solve problems and avoid unnecessary conflicts. Communication is not only about speaking. People also communicate through facial expressions, gestures, body movements, eye contact and tone of voice. 2.1 Verbal communication and Non-verbal communication Verbal communication is the use of spoken or written words to share information, thoughts, feelings and ideas with other people. Examples include; talking to a friend, giving instructions, having a conversation, making a speech, sending a text message, writing a letter or email. Effective verbal communication requires clear language, appropriate words and a message that the other person can understand. The way something is said is also important. A polite and calm tone can make communication more positive, while an angry or insulting tone can create conflict. Non-verbal communication is the passing of information without using spoken or written words. For example, smiling can show happiness or friendliness, while avoiding eye contact may sometimes show nervousness or discomfort. Non-verbal communication can support spoken words, but it can also sometimes send a different message from what a person is saying. 2.2 Empathy Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings or to try to see a situation from their point of view. An empathetic person tries to understand what another person may be experiencing instead of immediately judging them. For example, if a friend loses a loved one, showing empathy means listening to them, acknowledging their pain and offering appropriate support. Empathy helps people: build stronger relationships; understand others better; reduce conflicts; show compassion; provide emotional support. 2.3 Active Listening Active listening means giving full attention to another person in order to understand what they are saying. An active listener: pays attention; maintains appropriate eye contact; avoids unnecessary interruptions; asks questions when something is unclear; shows interest; remembers important information; responds appropriately. For example, when someone is explaining a problem, an active listener does not use the opportunity to prepare their own response. They first try to understand the person's message. Active listening improves communication because it reduces confusion and makes people feel heard and respected. 2.4 Misunderstandings and Their Causes A misunderstanding occurs when a person interprets a message differently from what the sender intended. Misunderstandings can happen in everyday conversations and may sometimes lead to arguments or broken relationships. Causes of misunderstandings Poor communication – A person may fail to explain their message clearly. Language differences – People may use different languages, accents or meanings of words. Poor listening – Someone may hear the words without paying attention to the actual message. Assumptions – A person may make conclusions without asking for clarification. Emotions – Anger, fear or sadness can affect how people understand messages. Cultural differences – The same gesture or expression may have different meanings in different cultures. Tone of voice – A message can sound rude, angry or sarcastic even when that was not intended. Non-verbal signals – Facial expressions and body language may contradict spoken words. Noise and distractions – Physical or technological distractions can cause people to miss important information. Misunderstandings can be reduced by speaking clearly, listening carefully, asking questions and avoiding unnecessary assumptions. 2.5 Respectful Communication Respectful communication is communicating with others in a polite, considerate and fair manner, even when people have different opinions. Respectful communication involves: using polite language; listening when others are speaking; avoiding insults and offensive language; respecting different opinions; speaking calmly; avoiding unnecessary shouting; giving others a chance to express themselves; disagreeing without attacking the person. For example, instead of saying, "You are completely wrong," a person can say, "I understand your point, but I have a different opinion." Respectful communication creates trust and makes it easier for people to solve disagreements peacefully. 2.6 Body Language Body language is the way people communicate through movements, posture, gestures and physical expressions. Examples of body language include: Eye contact: May show attention, confidence or interest. Smiling: May communicate friendliness or happiness. Crossed arms: May sometimes suggest defensiveness or discomfort. Nodding: Often shows agreement or that someone is following a conversation. Standing upright: May communicate confidence. Looking away: May sometimes indicate discomfort, distraction or lack of interest. Hand gestures: Can help explain or emphasize a message. However, body language should not always be interpreted in isolation. The meaning of a gesture can depend on the person's culture, situation and personality. 2.7 Importance of Effective Communication Effective communication helps people to: understand one another, build healthy relationships, express feelings and ideas, solve problems, prevent misunderstandings, manage conflicts, work together, develop trust and cooperation. Good communication therefore requires more than simply speaking. It involves speaking clearly, listening actively, showing empathy, using appropriate body language and respecting other people. === Chapter 3ː Relationships, Cooperation and conflict<ref>{{Citation |last=Long |first=William J. |title=Cooperation and Conflict in International Relations |date=2021 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cooperation-and-conflict/cooperation-and-conflict-in-international-relations/805727C15854A93D0C4FD3B12C938BD9 |work=Cooperation and Conflict: The Interaction of Opposites in Shaping Social Behavior |pages=7–25 |editor-last=Brosnan |editor-first=Sarah F. |access-date=2026-10-02 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108671187.003 |isbn=978-1-108-47569-3 |editor2-last=Wilczynski |editor2-first=Walter}}</ref> === 3.1 Relationships Human beings are social beings who depend on one another for emotional, social and practical support. Throughout life, people form different kinds of relationships with family members, friends, classmates, workmates, neighbours and other members of society. These relationships can bring happiness, support, encouragement and a sense of belonging. However, relationships are not always easy. People have different personalities, opinions, needs, beliefs and expectations. These differences can sometimes lead to disagreements and conflicts. The ability to build healthy relationships, cooperate with others and resolve disagreements peacefully is therefore an important part of positive social behavior. 3.2 Building Healthy Relationships A relationship is a connection or association between two or more people. Relationships can be based on family ties, friendship, work, education, marriage, neighborhood or shared interests. A healthy relationship is one in which people treat each other with respect, honesty, care and understanding. Healthy relationships allow people to feel valued, safe and accepted. Building a healthy relationship takes time and effort. It requires people to communicate openly, keep promises, respect boundaries and support one another. Ways of building healthy relationships Trust: People should be able to depend on one another and believe that the other person will act honestly. Respect: Each person should recognize the worth and dignity of the other. Good communication: People should express their thoughts and feelings clearly and listen to one another. Honesty: Being truthful helps prevent suspicion and creates stronger relationships. Empathy: Understanding another person's feelings makes it easier to respond with care. Support: People should encourage and help one another during both good and difficult times. Forgiveness: People sometimes make mistakes. Being willing to forgive can help relationships recover from disagreements. Healthy relationships do not mean that people never disagree. Instead, they mean that disagreements are handled in a respectful and constructive manner. 3.3 Trust and Cooperation Trust is the belief that another person can be relied upon to be honest, responsible and dependable. Trust develops gradually through people's actions. When someone keeps promises, tells the truth and respects confidential information, others are more likely to trust them. Trust is important in families, friendships, workplaces and communities. Without trust, people may become suspicious and unwilling to cooperate. Cooperation is the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. For example, students may cooperate when completing a group assignment. Community members may cooperate when cleaning their neighborhood. Importance of cooperation Cooperation: helps people achieve goals; encourages teamwork; reduces unnecessary conflict; allows people to share skills and ideas; strengthens relationships; promotes unity; makes difficult tasks easier. Trust and cooperation are closely connected. People are generally more willing to cooperate when they trust one another. 3.4 Friendship and Family Relationships Friendship is a voluntary relationship between people who share affection, trust, companionship or common interests. Good friendships can provide emotional support, advice, encouragement and companionship. Friends can influence each other's attitudes and behavior, so choosing positive friends is important. A healthy friendship is usually characterized by: trust; honesty; respect; loyalty; mutual support; good communication; understanding; acceptance of differences. Family relationships are also important because the family is often the first social environment in which people learn how to interact with others. Families provide care, protection, emotional support, guidance and a sense of belonging. However, disagreements can occur within families because members have different needs and opinions. Open communication, patience and forgiveness can help maintain strong family relationships. 3.5 Workplace Relationships Workplace relationships are the relationships that develop between people in an organisation or place of work. People may work with supervisors, colleagues, employees, customers and other members of the organisation. Positive workplace relationships can improve teamwork and productivity. Good workplace relationships require: respect for colleagues; clear communication; cooperation; honesty; professionalism; responsibility; appreciation of other people's contributions. Poor workplace relationships can result in stress, arguments, poor teamwork and reduced productivity. People should therefore learn to separate personal disagreements from their professional responsibilities and deal with workplace problems appropriately. 3.6 Causes of Social Conflict Conflict is a disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups because of differences in opinions, interests, values, needs or goals. Conflict is a normal part of human interaction. It does not always mean that people hate one another. Sometimes people simply have different ways of seeing a situation. Causes of social conflict include: Differences in opinions – People may have different ideas about how something should be done. Competition for resources – Conflict may occur when people compete for limited resources such as money, land, jobs or opportunities. Poor communication – Unclear messages and misunderstandings can create disagreements. Cultural differences – Different traditions and beliefs can sometimes create tension. Discrimination – Treating people unfairly because of their differences can lead to resentment and conflict. Jealousy – Feelings of jealousy may damage friendships and relationships. Power and control – People may disagree over who should make decisions or control resources. Unresolved disagreements – Small problems can become serious when they are ignored. Prejudice and stereotypes – Negative beliefs about particular groups can create division. Economic difficulties – Poverty and inequality can contribute to tension within communities. 3.7 Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution refers to the process of dealing with disagreements and finding peaceful solutions that address the concerns of the people involved. Conflict should not always be solved through force or aggression. People can use communication, negotiation, mediation and compromise. Steps in conflict resolution Identify the problem: The people involved should understand what caused the disagreement. Listen to each other: Each person should be given an opportunity to explain their position. Remain calm: Anger and insults can make the situation worse. Find common ground: People should identify areas where they agree. Consider possible solutions: Different solutions should be discussed. Compromise: Sometimes each side must give up something in order to reach an acceptable agreement. Agree on a solution: The people involved should decide how the problem will be addressed. Follow up: The situation should be monitored to ensure that the conflict does not return. Conflict resolution helps people maintain relationships and avoid unnecessary violence. 3.8 Forgiveness and Reconciliation Forgiveness is the decision to let go of resentment or anger towards someone who has caused harm or offence. Forgiveness does not necessarily mean pretending that the wrongdoing never happened. Instead, it involves choosing not to remain controlled by anger or hatred. Reconciliation is the process of restoring a damaged relationship and rebuilding trust between people or groups. Forgiveness can contribute to reconciliation, but reconciliation may require additional steps such as an apology, acceptance of responsibility, compensation, changed behavior and rebuilding trust. Forgiveness and reconciliation can help individuals and communities move beyond past disagreements and establish healthier relationships. === Chapter 4ː Positive and negative social behaviors === 4.1 Positive social behaviors Social behavior can have either positive or negative effects on individuals and society. Positive social behaviors contribute to healthy relationships, cooperation, peace and community development. Negative social behaviors can cause emotional pain, conflict, discrimination and harm. Understanding both forms of behavior helps people recognize the consequences of their actions and make better choices. 4.2 Kindness and Helping Others Kindness is the willingness to treat others with care, consideration and compassion. Kindness can be shown through simple actions such as helping someone carry something, comforting a person who is sad, sharing with others or offering encouragement. Helping others is an important form of positive social behavior because people often depend on one another. Benefits of kindness Kindness: strengthens relationships; makes people feel valued; encourages cooperation; reduces loneliness; promotes happiness; creates supportive communities; encourages others to behave positively. Kindness does not always require money or major sacrifices. A kind word, listening to someone or offering assistance can make a significant difference. 4.3 Respect and Responsibility Respect is showing consideration for the rights, feelings, opinions and dignity of other people. Respect involves recognizing that other people have value even when they have different opinions or backgrounds. Examples of respect include listening when someone speaks, respecting personal property, using polite language and accepting reasonable differences. Responsibility means accepting the duty to perform one's obligations and being willing to take responsibility for one's actions. A responsible person understands that their behavior has consequences for themselves and others. Respect and responsibility are important because they create trust, discipline and cooperation in society. 4.4 Bullying and Harassment Bullying is repeated behavior intended to intimidate, hurt, humiliate or control another person. Bullying may be: physical; verbal; emotional; social; online. Examples include hitting, threatening, insulting, spreading rumors, deliberately excluding someone or repeatedly sending harmful messages online. Harassment refers to unwanted behavior that disturbs, threatens, humiliates or causes distress to another person. Bullying and harassment can have serious effects on a person's confidence, relationships, education, work and general well-being. They should not be treated as normal behavior. Individuals and institutions should create environments where people can report harmful behavior and receive appropriate support. 4.5 Peer Pressure Peer pressure occurs when individuals are influenced by their friends or people of a similar age to behave in a particular way. Peer pressure can be positive or negative. Positive peer pressure may encourage someone to study harder, participate in sports, avoid harmful behavior or develop useful skills. Negative peer pressure may encourage behaviors such as substance abuse, fighting, cheating, truancy, stealing or other harmful activities. A person can resist negative peer pressure by: being confident; knowing their values; choosing supportive friends; saying no firmly; avoiding risky situations; seeking advice from trusted people. 4.6 Discrimination and Exclusion Discrimination is unfair treatment of a person or group because of characteristics such as their background, gender, age, disability, social status or other differences. Social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are prevented from fully participating in social, educational, economic or community activities. Discrimination can make people feel rejected, powerless and less valued. Examples include refusing someone an opportunity because of their background or deliberately excluding someone from a group because they are considered different. A fair society should promote equal opportunities and respect for all people. 4.7 Aggression and Harmful Behavior Aggression refers to behavior intended to threaten, intimidate, dominate or harm another person. Aggression can be physical, verbal or psychological. Examples include: fighting; threatening others; insulting people; destroying property; intimidation; deliberately hurting others. Harmful behavior can damage relationships and create fear and insecurity. People can reduce aggression by learning emotional control, communicating their concerns peacefully, seeking help and using appropriate conflict-resolution strategies. 4.8 How Social Behavior Can Be Changed Social behavior is not necessarily fixed. People can learn new ways of thinking and behaving. Behavior can be changed through: Education: Teaching people about respect, empathy, communication and responsibility can encourage positive behavior. Positive role models: People often learn by observing parents, teachers, leaders, friends and other role models. Self-awareness: Understanding one's own behavior is an important step towards changing it. Positive peer influence: Supportive friends can encourage healthier choices. Counselling: Professional or trusted guidance can help people understand the causes of harmful behavior. Rewards and encouragement: Positive behavior can be strengthened through recognition and encouragement. Consequences: Appropriate consequences can discourage harmful actions. Changing social behavior often takes time. It requires willingness, practice, support and a suitable environment. === Chapter 5ː Social behavior in the modern world<ref>{{Cite book |last=Višňovský |first=Ján |url=https://www.intechopen.com/books/1003523 |title=Social Media and Modern Society - How Social Media Are Changing the Way We Interact with the World Around |last2=Majerová |first2=Jana |date=2024-11-27 |publisher=IntechOpen |isbn=978-1-83769-840-0 |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.1001741}}</ref> === 5.1 Introduction Technology has significantly changed the way people interact. In the past, most social interaction took place face-to-face or through letters and traditional forms of communication. Today, people can communicate instantly with others across the world through mobile phones, social media, messaging applications and other digital technologies. The modern world has created many opportunities for people to connect, but it has also introduced new challenges. People must therefore understand how technology influences social behavior and learn to use it responsibly. 5.2 Social Media and Human Behavior Social media refers to online platforms that allow people to create, share and exchange information and interact with other users. Social media has changed how people communicate, make friends, share opinions and obtain information. It can have positive effects by: connecting people who are far apart; helping people maintain relationships; providing educational information; creating business opportunities; allowing people to share ideas; supporting communities and social causes. However, excessive or irresponsible use can also have negative effects. People may become overly dependent on online approval, compare themselves with others, spend too much time online or become involved in online conflicts. Social media can therefore influence people's attitudes, relationships and everyday behaviour. 5.3 Online Communication Online communication is the exchange of information through digital technologies such as messaging applications, email, social networking platforms and video calls. Online communication is convenient because people can communicate across long distances almost instantly. However, online communication lacks some of the social cues found in face-to-face communication. A written message may not clearly communicate the sender's tone or emotion. For example, a person may make a joke through text, but the receiver may interpret it as an insult because they cannot hear the speaker's tone. Effective online communication therefore requires people to choose their words carefully and consider how their messages may be interpreted. 5.4 Digital Etiquette Digital etiquette, sometimes called netiquette, refers to the rules and appropriate behaviour people should follow when communicating and interacting online. Good digital etiquette includes: using respectful language; avoiding unnecessary insults; respecting other people's privacy; thinking before posting; avoiding spreading false information; giving credit to other people's work; respecting different opinions; avoiding excessive messaging; responding appropriately; remembering that online actions can affect real people. People should remember that being behind a screen does not remove the responsibility to treat others with dignity. 5.5 Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is bullying carried out through digital technologies such as social media, messaging platforms, websites or online gaming platforms. It can include: sending threatening messages; spreading embarrassing information; sharing someone's private information without permission; creating harmful rumors; posting humiliating content; deliberately excluding someone from online groups. Cyberbullying can be particularly harmful because online content can spread quickly and may reach a large audience. People experiencing cyberbullying should avoid responding aggressively, keep evidence of harmful messages where appropriate, block or report offenders and seek help from trusted adults, institutions or relevant authorities. 5.6 Social Media Influence Social media can strongly influence the way people think and behave. People may be influenced by: celebrities and public figures; influencers; friends; online communities; advertisements; trends; viral content. Social media can encourage positive behavior, such as learning, creativity, entrepreneurship and community participation. However, it can also promote harmful behaviors, unrealistic expectations and misinformation. People should therefore develop critical thinking. Before accepting or sharing information, they should consider whether the information is reliable and whether sharing it could harm someone. 5.7 Privacy and Responsible Online Behavior Privacy is the ability of individuals to control information about themselves and decide how that information is shared. Responsible online behavior involves protecting one's own privacy and respecting the privacy of others. People should be careful about sharing: passwords; private photographs; personal contact information; financial information; private conversations; sensitive personal details. A person should also avoid sharing another person's photograph, message or personal information without appropriate permission. Responsible online behavior means understanding that information shared online may be copied, stored or redistributed beyond the original audience. 5.8 Balancing Online and Face-to-Face Relationships Technology provides convenient ways to communicate, but face-to-face interaction remains important. Face-to-face communication allows people to observe facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice and other social cues. It can also provide opportunities for deeper emotional connection. Spending too much time online may reduce opportunities for direct interaction with family, friends and community members. A healthy balance involves using technology as a tool for communication without allowing it to completely replace real-world relationships. People can maintain balance by: setting reasonable limits on screen time; spending time with family and friends; participating in community activities; having face-to-face conversations; avoiding unnecessary phone use during important conversations; making time for hobbies and physical activities. 5.9 Conclusion The modern world has transformed human interaction. Digital technology and social media have made communication faster and more convenient, but they have also created new responsibilities and challenges. People must learn to communicate respectfully both offline and online. They should understand digital etiquette, protect privacy, avoid cyberbullying and think critically about information encountered on social media. Technology should support human relationships rather than completely replace them. Maintaining a healthy balance between online communication and face-to-face interaction can help people develop stronger and more meaningful relationships. == Conclusion == Understanding social behavior helps people understand themselves and the people around them. Social behavior influences how individuals communicate, form relationships, cooperate, handle disagreements and respond to differences. Healthy social behavior is built on respect, empathy, trust, responsibility, kindness, cooperation and effective communication. At the same time, people need to recognize harmful behaviors such as bullying, discrimination, aggression and exclusion and understand how these behaviors can affect individuals and society. As society continues to change through technology and social media, the ability to interact responsibly becomes even more important. Developing good social behavior is therefore not only useful for personal relationships but also essential for creating peaceful, respectful and cooperative communities. The book summarizes the importance of understanding social behavior and encourages readers to develop self-awareness, empathy, respect, communication skills, and responsible behavior in their interactions with others. == References == t0axnm621oqpjqm7uf0fjmft2jock04 2 485357 4673423 4667863 2026-10-01T12:32:36Z Adoni Esther Gracious 3620018 Blanked the page 4673423 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4673425 4673423 2026-10-01T12:35:45Z Adoni Esther Gracious 3620018 4673425 wikitext text/x-wiki Adoni Esther Gracious is a Ugandan wikimedian, an accountant who is not only passionate about singing but also loves exploring new things pzei12rlpb608zl9xw0b5gmr1qh41ar 0 485506 4673465 4673322 2026-10-01T15:28:19Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Functions */ Work in progress. Saving Changes. 4673465 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n )</code> * <code>block ([v₁,v_2,…,v_m], expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code>, as in <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v₁, v₂, ... , v_m)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v₁, v₂, ... , v_m</code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x₁, x_2, ..., x_n) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n](y₁, y₂, ..., y_m) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x₁, x_2, …, x_n), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr₁, expr₂))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation.<br /> So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the := Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight> {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} hqxr866moqw839knelkjg68ahcey9cz 4673466 4673465 2026-10-01T15:36:19Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Functions */ 4673466 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n )</code> * <code>block ([v₁,v_2,…,v_m], expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code>, as in <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v₁, v₂, ... , v_m)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v₁, v₂, ... , v_m</code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x₁, x_2, ..., x_n) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n](y₁, y₂, ..., y_m) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x₁, x_2, …, x_n), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr₁, expr₂))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes'''<!-- Refers to the use of two single quote characters to suppress evaluation. -->''')''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation.<br /> So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the := Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight> {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} l7qztvmj0lqucpaz3mkb3fo3wbymczn 4673467 4673466 2026-10-01T15:40:39Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Functions */ 4673467 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n )</code> * <code>block ([v₁,v_2,…,v_m], expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code>, as in <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v₁, v₂, ... , v_m)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v₁, v₂, ... , v_m</code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x₁, x_2, ..., x_n) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n](y₁, y₂, ..., y_m) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x₁, x_2, …, x_n), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr₁, expr₂))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes)''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation. So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the := Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight> {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} 8bwknf14elyxxk6olxhtdfe0lryjmyr 4673476 4673467 2026-10-01T16:08:29Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Function Definition Using the := Operator */ Work in progress. Saving Changes. 4673476 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n )</code> * <code>block ([v₁,v_2,…,v_m], expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code>, as in <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v₁,v_2,…,v_m]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr₁, expr₂,…, expr_n</code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr_n</code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v₁, v₂, ... , v_m)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v₁, v₂, ... , v_m</code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x₁, x_2, ..., x_n) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, ..., x_n](y₁, y₂, ..., y_m) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x₁, x_2, …, x_n), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x₁, x_2, …, x_n](y₁, y_2, …, y_m), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x₁, x_2, …, x_n]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr₁, expr₂))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes)''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation. So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the <code>:=</code> Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight>'''Function Definition Using the''' '''<code>define</code> Operator'''<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a function with identifier g with a local argument y and with a function body of identifier x */ (%i3) define (g('x), x); (%o3) g(x):=5 /* identifier x of the function body is evaluated */ /* identifier x as an argument of g is local in scope */ (%i4) fundef (g); (%o4) g(x):=5 /* the same identifier x used in three different roles */ /* used as the global name of a function x */ /* used as a local argument of a function */ /* used as an unevaluated expression for a function body */ (%i7) x(x) := x; (%o7) x(x):=x (%i9) x(3); (%o9) 3 (%i10) x; (%o10) 5 (%i8) fundef (x); (%o8) x(x):=x (%i11) define (x('x), x); (%o11) x(x):=5 (%i12) fundef (x); (%o12) x(x):=5 </syntaxhighlight> {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} lurmet76gcfk01753myoxyuhx49pigd 4 485674 4673591 4673068 2026-10-02T08:10:19Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 3 threads from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] 4673591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC) == Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}} [[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) <!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC) :I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC) : Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC) ::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Fatemai6}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Tailleash reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Tailleash}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC) == Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC) : {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC) == Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC) == Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC) == Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC) : The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC) == Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC) : Only one filter hit, seems stale. Please re-report if they continue to spam. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:49, 6 September 2026 (UTC) == Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC) : Stale after only two filter hits and no edits. Please re-report if they spam later. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC) == Athoyislam reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Athoyislam}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Athoyislam/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:31, 7 September 2026 (UTC) == Jamal123lll reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Jamal123lll}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315402]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Jamal123lll/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:48, 7 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:32, 7 September 2026 (UTC) == Idontknowidkh reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Idontknowidkh}} online shopping spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315400]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Idontknowidkh/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:49, 7 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 11:33, 7 September 2026 (UTC) == Ridhisharma1999 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Ridhisharma1999}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315435]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Ridhisharma1999/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:01, 9 September 2026 (UTC) :{{Done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 12:02, 9 September 2026 (UTC) == Thenaoriudaipur reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Thenaoriudaipur}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315473]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Thenaoriudaipur/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:47, 10 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:49, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == Networkkingss reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Networkkingss}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315458]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Networkkingss/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:50, 10 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:49, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == ~2026-49226-92 reported by MathXplore == * {{anonlinks|~2026-49226-92}} Vandalism <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-49226-92/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:57, 10 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. I also nuked all pages created by this user and their connected temporary accounts based on their associated IP(s). [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:48, 10 September 2026 (UTC) == ~2026-49632-08 reported by MathXplore == * {{anonlinks|~2026-49632-08}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-49632-08/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:08, 13 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 06:39, 13 September 2026 (UTC) == Happyherbal26 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Happyherbal26}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315518]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Happyherbal26/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 14:02, 14 September 2026 (UTC) == Shahadotdl reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Shahadotdl}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315516]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Shahadotdl/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 14:02, 14 September 2026 (UTC) == Sonarbanglahc reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Sonarbanglahc}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Sonarbanglahc/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:41, 15 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:47, 15 September 2026 (UTC) == Mehedii1234 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Mehedii1234}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Mehedii1234/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:42, 15 September 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:46, 15 September 2026 (UTC) == BhardwajGardening reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|BhardwajGardening}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315583]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/BhardwajGardening/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:02, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:36, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Manusheikh reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Manusheikh}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315575]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Manusheikh/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:03, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 17 September 2026 (UTC) == Wrankerseo reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Wrankerseo}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315564]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315567]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315563]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Wrankerseo/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:05, 17 September 2026 (UTC) :{{done|Blocked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 17 September 2026 (UTC) c2y9ag2mln171cg6uyjb0jewfdzjnku 0 485791 4673518 4673354 2026-10-01T18:33:05Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine/Emissions Control System (Position 8) */ 4673518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} This VIN number decoding and designation system is used primarily for the North American Market. European and Asian markets use other decoding and designation systems. ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (2000 -)== ===Jaguar WMIs (2000-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car (UK) * SAD - Jaguar SUV (UK & Europe) * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Regional Spec/Restraint System (Position 4):=== * J = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XK8 '00) * B = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada: XK8 '00) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * E = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (US: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * G = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (US: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09, XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09,<br> XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (US: XK/XKR '07-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XK/XKR '07-'09) ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 5):=== * A = Automatic / LHD * B = Manual / LHD (X-Type '02-'05, S-Type 3.0 '03-'04) ===Model Line (Position 6-7)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 !VIN code !Description |- |51 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - High Series]] ('02-'08) |- |52 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - Entry Series]] ('03-'04) |- |53 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan w/Sport Package]] ('02-'03) |- |54 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type Sportwagon]] ('05-'08) |- |01 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type]] ('00-'08) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.0] ('02) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.2] ('03) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type R]] ('03-'08) |- |05 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Luxury]] ('09) |- |06 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Premium Luxury]] ('09) |- |07 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Supercharged]] ('09) |- |12 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Sport|Jaguar XJ Sport]] ('02-'03) |- |14 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('00-'03) |- |15 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('00-'03) |- |23 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |24 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('00-'03) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB) ('02-'03) |- |71 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('04-'09) |- |73 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJR]] ('04-'09) |- |74 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (SWB) ('04) |- |79 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('05-'09) |- |86 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 4-psgr.) ('06) |- |94 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('09) |- |41 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR coupe]] ('00-'06) |- |42 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR convertible]] ('00-'06) |- |43 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR coupe]] ('07-'09) |- |44 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR convertible]] ('07-'09) |- |45 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition coupe]] ('09) |- |46 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition convertible]] ('09) |} ===Engine/Emissions Control System (Position 8)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. ULEV. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]].<br> Jaguar X-Type 3.0 (Mid '05-'08), S-Type 3.0 ('06-'08). |- | A || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XF ('10). |- | A || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 550 PS/542 hp. Jaguar XKR-S ('12-'15), XKR-S GT ('14). |- | B || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJR ('00-'03), Vanden Plas Supercharged ('00-'01), Super V8 ('02-'03), XKR ('00-'02). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('04-'05), Super V8 ('05), XKR ('03-'06). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type ('06-'08), XF ('09), XJ8/Vanden Plas ('06-'09), XK ('07-'09). |- | B || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. Variable intake valve lift. Variable intake.<br> [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XF ('10-'12), XJ ('11-'12), XJL ('11), XJL Portfolio Rwd ('12-'13), XK ('10-'15), XK Touring ('13-'14). |- | C || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('00-'01), X-Type 3.0 ('02-Mid '05). |- | C || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8/Vanden Plas ('00-'03), XJ Sport ('02-'03), XK8 ('00-'02). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('04-'05), XK8 ('03-'06). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar S-Type R ('06-'08), XF Supercharged ('09), XJR ('06-'09), Super V8 ('06-'09), XKR ('07-'09). |- | C || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 510 PS/503 hp. Jaguar XFR ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supersport ('11-'12), XKR ('10-'15). |- | D || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('00-'01). |- | D || 2.5L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ25|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ25 V6 engine]]. Jaguar X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 470 PS/464 hp. Jaguar XF Supercharged ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supercharged ('11-'12). |- | N || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('01-'02). |- | P || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('01-'02). |- | T || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('03-'05). |- | U || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.2 ('03-'05). |- | V || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type R ('03-'05). |} ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Code/Model Line/Engine (Position 11) 2000-2019=== * X - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05) * W - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 3.0 ('02-'08) * F - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 3.0 ('00-'08) * G - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.0 ('00-'02) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.2 ('03-'08) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type R (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'08) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 4.2 ('09-'10) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged (4.2 supercharged) ('09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 5.0 ('10-'12) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged, XFR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XFR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('13-'15) * P - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 2.0T ('13-'15) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 3.0 supercharged ('13-'15) * L - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ8L (4.0) ('00-'01), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ Sport (4.0) ('02-'03) * M - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'01),<br> Super V8 (4.0 supercharged) ('02-'03), XJR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'03) * S - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('04-'06), XJ8L (4.2) ('05-'06), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('04-'06) * T - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('05-'06), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('06),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('04-'06) * S - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8L (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('07-'09) * T - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('09),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ (5.0) ('11-'12), XJL (5.0) ('11), XJL Portfolio (5.0) ('12-'13) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ/XJL Supercharged (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'19), XJ/XJL Supersport (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'13),<br> XJL Ultimate (5.0 supercharged) ('13), XJR SWB/LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), XJR575 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('18-'19), XJ50 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19), XJ Collection Sp. Ed. LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ base (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'15), XJ R-Sport (3.0 supercharged) ('16-'19),<br> XJL Portfolio AWD (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'19), XJL Portfolio RWD (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'19), XJ50 LWB (3.0 supercharged) ('19) * N - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.0) ('00-'02) * P - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'02) * 2 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.2) ('03-'06) * 3 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'06) * 5 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (4.2) ('07-'09) * 9 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (5.0) ('10-'15) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XKR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('12-'15), XKR-S GT (5.0 supercharged) ('14) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type Base, S (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), F-Type Premium (3.0 supercharged) ('17) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type V8S (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'15), F-Type R (5.0 supercharged) ('15-'17),<br> F-Type Project 7 (5.0 supercharged) ('16), F-Type SVR (5.0 supercharged) ('17) ===Plant Codes (Position 11) 2016-2026=== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17, F-Pace '17-'26) * C - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17-'20, XF '16-'24, F-Type '18-'24) * S - Oxford Road plant, Ryton, West Midlands, England, UK (JLR SVO plant) (XE SV Project 8 '19) * 1 - Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (E-Pace '18-'24, I-Pace EV '19-'24) ===Model (Position 12)=== * C - X-Type ('02-'03) * D - X-Type ('03-'04) * E - X-Type ('04-'06) * J - X-Type ('06-'08) * L - S-Type ('00-'01) * M - S-Type ('01-'04) * N - S-Type ('04-'08) * R - XF ('09-'11) * S - XF ('11-'13) * U - XF ('13-'15) * F - XJ ('00-'03) * G - XJ ('04-'06) [Browns Lane plant] * H - XJ ('06-'09) [Castle Bromwich plant] * V - XJ ('11-'16) * W - XJ ('16-'19) * A - XK ('00-'06) * B - XK ('07-'15) * K - F-Type ('14-'24) '''Positions 13–17, Serial Number''' ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (1981 - 1999)== ===Jaguar WMIs (1981-1999) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car ===Model Line (Position 4)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('81-'87), XJ6 Vanden Plas ('82-'87) |- |B |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '81-'88) |- |D |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '89-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('88-'89, '93-'94) |- |F |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('90-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6 Sovereign]] ('90-'92) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] ('88-'94) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Majestic (1989–1992 – SWB; 1993–1994 – LWB)|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas Majestic]] ('89-'90, '92) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#XJ12 and Daimler Double Six (XJ81)|Jaguar XJ12]] ('94) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6L]] LWB [X330] ('97) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] SWB ('95) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] LWB [X330] ('96-'97) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] SWB ('95) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] LWB [X330] ('96) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJR (X306)|Jaguar XJR]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('98-'99) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('98-'99) |- |N |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] ('82-'91), XJ-SC ('86-'88), XJS ('92-'96) |- |T |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] Rouge Collection ('89-'90), Classic Collection ('90-'91) |- |S |[[w:Jaguar XJS#XJR-S|Jaguar XJR-S]] ('93) |- |G |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8]] ('97-'99) |} ===Class (Regional Spec)/Restraint System (Position 5):=== * V = N. American-spec (Manual seat belts) * L = Canadian-spec (Manual seat belts) * Y = XJ6 Vanden Plas [Series III] ('82-'87) (Manual seat belts) * A = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '88-'89, XJ-SC '88) * Y = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '89, XJ sedan '89-'92) * W = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (US: XJ-S '90-'93, XJ6 '93, XJ12 Early '94) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XJS '94-'96, XJ6 '94-'97, XJ12 '94-'96, XJR '95-'97, XK8 '97-'99) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '98-'99) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '99) * M = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (Canada) * N = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XJ8/XJR '99) ===Body Style (Position 6):=== * 1 = 4-door sedan (XJ-series sedan '81-'99) * 2 = 2-door convertible w/2+2 seating (XJS convertible '94-'96, XK8 convertible '97-'99) * 3 = 2-door Cabriolet (XJ-SC '86-'88) * 4 = 2-door convertible w/2-psgr. seating (factory-built XJS convertible '89-'94, XJR-S convertible '93) * 5 = 2-door coupe (XJS coupe '82-'96, XJR-S coupe '93, XK8 coupe '97-'99) * 5 = 2-door coupe (Hess & Eisenhardt-built XJS convertible '87-'88) [coupe conversion] ===Engine Type (Position 7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 4.0L || I6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16S|Jaguar AJ16S I6]]. Jaguar XJR ('95-'97). |- | 2 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||CA & Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'82). |- | 2 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('96-'97). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8 ('98), XK8 ('98). |- | 3 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'87). |- | 3 || 6.0L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJR-S ('93), XJS ('94-'95), XJ12 ('94-'96). |- | 5 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - Low Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88-'89). |- | 6 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - High Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'94), XJS ('93-'94). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('95-'96), XJS ('95-'96). |- | 7 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XK8 ('97). |- | 8 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'92), XJ12 (Canada only: '88-'92). |- | 8 || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('98-'99). |- | 9 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'93), XJS ('93). |- | 0 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'87), XJ12 (Canada only: '85-'87). |- | 0 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. Enhanced evaporative emissions control system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('99), XK8 ('99). |} ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 8):=== * 4 = Automatic / LHD * 8 = Manual / LHD ('93-'94 XJS 4.0 w/ optional 5-spd. manual) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK ===Positions 12–17, Serial Number=== ** 100001 and after - XJ-S/XJ-SC/XJS/XJR-S (XJ27) ** 300001 and after - XJ-series sedan Series III ** 500001 and after - XJ-series sedan (XJ40/XJ81) ** 720001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X300/X305/X306/X330) ** 810001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X308) ** 001001 and after - XK8 (X100) m6z41g55x86jwhg978cayf1f3uv1l7s 4673521 4673518 2026-10-01T18:35:46Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Engine/Emissions Control System (Position 8) */ 4673521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} This VIN number decoding and designation system is used primarily for the North American Market. European and Asian markets use other decoding and designation systems. ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (2000 -)== ===Jaguar WMIs (2000-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car (UK) * SAD - Jaguar SUV (UK & Europe) * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Regional Spec/Restraint System (Position 4):=== * J = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XK8 '00) * B = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada: XK8 '00) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * E = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (US: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * G = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (US: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09, XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09,<br> XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (US: XK/XKR '07-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XK/XKR '07-'09) ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 5):=== * A = Automatic / LHD * B = Manual / LHD (X-Type '02-'05, S-Type 3.0 '03-'04) ===Model Line (Position 6-7)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 !VIN code !Description |- |51 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - High Series]] ('02-'08) |- |52 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - Entry Series]] ('03-'04) |- |53 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan w/Sport Package]] ('02-'03) |- |54 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type Sportwagon]] ('05-'08) |- |01 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type]] ('00-'08) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.0] ('02) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.2] ('03) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type R]] ('03-'08) |- |05 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Luxury]] ('09) |- |06 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Premium Luxury]] ('09) |- |07 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Supercharged]] ('09) |- |12 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Sport|Jaguar XJ Sport]] ('02-'03) |- |14 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('00-'03) |- |15 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('00-'03) |- |23 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |24 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('00-'03) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB) ('02-'03) |- |71 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('04-'09) |- |73 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJR]] ('04-'09) |- |74 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (SWB) ('04) |- |79 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('05-'09) |- |86 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 4-psgr.) ('06) |- |94 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('09) |- |41 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR coupe]] ('00-'06) |- |42 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR convertible]] ('00-'06) |- |43 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR coupe]] ('07-'09) |- |44 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR convertible]] ('07-'09) |- |45 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition coupe]] ('09) |- |46 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition convertible]] ('09) |} ===Engine/Emissions Control System (Position 8)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. ULEV. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]].<br> Jaguar X-Type 3.0 (Mid '05-'08), S-Type 3.0 ('06-'08). |- | A || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XF ('10). |- | A || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 550 PS/542 hp. Jaguar XKR-S ('12-'15), XKR-S GT ('14). |- | B || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJR ('00-'03), Vanden Plas Supercharged ('00-'01), Super V8 ('02-'03), XKR ('00-'02). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('04-'05), Super V8 ('05), XKR ('03-'06). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type ('06-'08), XF ('09), XJ8/Vanden Plas ('06-'09), XK ('07-'09). |- | B || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. Variable intake valve lift. Variable intake.<br> [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XF ('10-'12), XJ ('11-'12), XJL ('11), XJL Portfolio Rwd ('12-'13), XK ('10-'15), XK Touring ('13-'14). |- | C || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('00-'01), X-Type 3.0 ('02-Mid '05). |- | C || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8/Vanden Plas ('00-'03), XJ Sport ('02-'03), XK8 ('00-'02). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('04-'05), XK8 ('03-'06). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar S-Type R ('06-'08), XF Supercharged ('09), XJR ('06-'09), Super V8 ('06-'09), XKR ('07-'09). |- | C || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 510 PS/503 hp. Jaguar XFR ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supersport ('11-'12), XKR ('10-'15). |- | D || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('00-'01). |- | D || 2.5L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ25|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ25 V6 engine]]. Jaguar X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 470 PS/464 hp. Jaguar XF Supercharged ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supercharged ('11-'12). |- | N || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('01-'02). |- | P || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('01-'02). |- | T || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('03-'05). |- | U || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.2 ('03-'05). |- | V || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type R ('03-'05). |} ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Code/Model Line/Engine (Position 11) 2000-2019=== * X - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05) * W - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 3.0 ('02-'08) * F - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 3.0 ('00-'08) * G - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.0 ('00-'02) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.2 ('03-'08) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type R (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'08) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 4.2 ('09-'10) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged (4.2 supercharged) ('09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 5.0 ('10-'12) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged, XFR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XFR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('13-'15) * P - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 2.0T ('13-'15) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 3.0 supercharged ('13-'15) * L - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ8L (4.0) ('00-'01), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ Sport (4.0) ('02-'03) * M - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'01),<br> Super V8 (4.0 supercharged) ('02-'03), XJR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'03) * S - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('04-'06), XJ8L (4.2) ('05-'06), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('04-'06) * T - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('05-'06), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('06),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('04-'06) * S - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8L (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('07-'09) * T - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('09),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ (5.0) ('11-'12), XJL (5.0) ('11), XJL Portfolio (5.0) ('12-'13) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ/XJL Supercharged (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'19), XJ/XJL Supersport (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'13),<br> XJL Ultimate (5.0 supercharged) ('13), XJR SWB/LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), XJR575 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('18-'19), XJ50 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19), XJ Collection Sp. Ed. LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ base (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'15), XJ R-Sport (3.0 supercharged) ('16-'19),<br> XJL Portfolio AWD (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'19), XJL Portfolio RWD (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'19), XJ50 LWB (3.0 supercharged) ('19) * N - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.0) ('00-'02) * P - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'02) * 2 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.2) ('03-'06) * 3 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'06) * 5 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (4.2) ('07-'09) * 9 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (5.0) ('10-'15) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XKR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('12-'15), XKR-S GT (5.0 supercharged) ('14) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type Base, S (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), F-Type Premium (3.0 supercharged) ('17) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type V8S (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'15), F-Type R (5.0 supercharged) ('15-'17),<br> F-Type Project 7 (5.0 supercharged) ('16), F-Type SVR (5.0 supercharged) ('17) ===Plant Codes (Position 11) 2016-2026=== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17, F-Pace '17-'26) * C - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17-'20, XF '16-'24, F-Type '18-'24) * S - Oxford Road plant, Ryton, West Midlands, England, UK (JLR SVO plant) (XE SV Project 8 '19) * 1 - Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (E-Pace '18-'24, I-Pace EV '19-'24) ===Model (Position 12)=== * C - X-Type ('02-'03) * D - X-Type ('03-'04) * E - X-Type ('04-'06) * J - X-Type ('06-'08) * L - S-Type ('00-'01) * M - S-Type ('01-'04) * N - S-Type ('04-'08) * R - XF ('09-'11) * S - XF ('11-'13) * U - XF ('13-'15) * F - XJ ('00-'03) * G - XJ ('04-'06) [Browns Lane plant] * H - XJ ('06-'09) [Castle Bromwich plant] * V - XJ ('11-'16) * W - XJ ('16-'19) * A - XK ('00-'06) * B - XK ('07-'15) * K - F-Type ('14-'24) '''Positions 13–17, Serial Number''' ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (1981 - 1999)== ===Jaguar WMIs (1981-1999) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car ===Model Line (Position 4)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('81-'87), XJ6 Vanden Plas ('82-'87) |- |B |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '81-'88) |- |D |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '89-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('88-'89, '93-'94) |- |F |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('90-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6 Sovereign]] ('90-'92) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] ('88-'94) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Majestic (1989–1992 – SWB; 1993–1994 – LWB)|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas Majestic]] ('89-'90, '92) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#XJ12 and Daimler Double Six (XJ81)|Jaguar XJ12]] ('94) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6L]] LWB [X330] ('97) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] SWB ('95) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] LWB [X330] ('96-'97) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] SWB ('95) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] LWB [X330] ('96) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJR (X306)|Jaguar XJR]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('98-'99) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('98-'99) |- |N |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] ('82-'91), XJ-SC ('86-'88), XJS ('92-'96) |- |T |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] Rouge Collection ('89-'90), Classic Collection ('90-'91) |- |S |[[w:Jaguar XJS#XJR-S|Jaguar XJR-S]] ('93) |- |G |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8]] ('97-'99) |} ===Class (Regional Spec)/Restraint System (Position 5):=== * V = N. American-spec (Manual seat belts) * L = Canadian-spec (Manual seat belts) * Y = XJ6 Vanden Plas [Series III] ('82-'87) (Manual seat belts) * A = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '88-'89, XJ-SC '88) * Y = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '89, XJ sedan '89-'92) * W = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (US: XJ-S '90-'93, XJ6 '93, XJ12 Early '94) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XJS '94-'96, XJ6 '94-'97, XJ12 '94-'96, XJR '95-'97, XK8 '97-'99) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '98-'99) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '99) * M = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (Canada) * N = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XJ8/XJR '99) ===Body Style (Position 6):=== * 1 = 4-door sedan (XJ-series sedan '81-'99) * 2 = 2-door convertible w/2+2 seating (XJS convertible '94-'96, XK8 convertible '97-'99) * 3 = 2-door Cabriolet (XJ-SC '86-'88) * 4 = 2-door convertible w/2-psgr. seating (factory-built XJS convertible '89-'94, XJR-S convertible '93) * 5 = 2-door coupe (XJS coupe '82-'96, XJR-S coupe '93, XK8 coupe '97-'99) * 5 = 2-door coupe (Hess & Eisenhardt-built XJS convertible '87-'88) [coupe conversion] ===Engine Type (Position 7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 4.0L || I6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16S|Jaguar AJ16S I6]]. Jaguar XJR ('95-'97). |- | 2 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||CA & Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'82). |- | 2 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('96-'97). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8 ('98), XK8 ('98). |- | 3 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'87). |- | 3 || 6.0L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJR-S ('93), XJS ('94-'95), XJ12 ('94-'96). |- | 5 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - Low Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88-'89). |- | 6 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - High Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'94), XJS ('93-'94). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('95-'96), XJS ('95-'96). |- | 7 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XK8 ('97). |- | 8 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'92), XJ12 (Canada only: '88-'92). |- | 8 || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('98-'99). |- | 9 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'93), XJS ('93). |- | 0 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'87), XJ12 (Canada only: '85-'87). |- | 0 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. Enhanced evaporative emissions control system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('99), XK8 ('99). |} ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 8):=== * 4 = Automatic / LHD * 8 = Manual / LHD ('93-'94 XJS 4.0 w/ optional 5-spd. manual) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK ===Positions 12–17, Serial Number=== ** 100001 and after - XJ-S/XJ-SC/XJS/XJR-S (XJ27) ** 300001 and after - XJ-series sedan Series III ** 500001 and after - XJ-series sedan (XJ40/XJ81) ** 720001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X300/X305/X306/X330) ** 810001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X308) ** 001001 and after - XK8 (X100) 7i1oy994lsyb5ad0p028txjc3cu0a58 4673588 4673521 2026-10-02T07:31:17Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Regional Spec/Restraint System (Position 4): */ 4673588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} This VIN number decoding and designation system is used primarily for the North American Market. European and Asian markets use other decoding and designation systems. ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (2000 -)== ===Jaguar WMIs (2000-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car (UK) * SAD - Jaguar SUV (UK & Europe) * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Regional Spec/Restraint System (Position 4):=== * J = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XK8 '00) * B = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada: XK8 '00) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * E = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (US: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * G = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (US: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09, XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09, XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (US: XK/XKR '07-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XK/XKR '07-'09) ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 5):=== * A = Automatic / LHD * B = Manual / LHD (X-Type '02-'05, S-Type 3.0 '03-'04) ===Model Line (Position 6-7)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 !VIN code !Description |- |51 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - High Series]] ('02-'08) |- |52 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - Entry Series]] ('03-'04) |- |53 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan w/Sport Package]] ('02-'03) |- |54 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type Sportwagon]] ('05-'08) |- |01 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type]] ('00-'08) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.0] ('02) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.2] ('03) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type R]] ('03-'08) |- |05 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Luxury]] ('09) |- |06 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Premium Luxury]] ('09) |- |07 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Supercharged]] ('09) |- |12 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Sport|Jaguar XJ Sport]] ('02-'03) |- |14 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('00-'03) |- |15 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('00-'03) |- |23 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |24 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('00-'03) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB) ('02-'03) |- |71 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('04-'09) |- |73 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJR]] ('04-'09) |- |74 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (SWB) ('04) |- |79 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('05-'09) |- |86 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 4-psgr.) ('06) |- |94 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('09) |- |41 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR coupe]] ('00-'06) |- |42 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR convertible]] ('00-'06) |- |43 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR coupe]] ('07-'09) |- |44 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR convertible]] ('07-'09) |- |45 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition coupe]] ('09) |- |46 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition convertible]] ('09) |} ===Engine/Emissions Control System (Position 8)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. ULEV. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]].<br> Jaguar X-Type 3.0 (Mid '05-'08), S-Type 3.0 ('06-'08). |- | A || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XF ('10). |- | A || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 550 PS/542 hp. Jaguar XKR-S ('12-'15), XKR-S GT ('14). |- | B || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJR ('00-'03), Vanden Plas Supercharged ('00-'01), Super V8 ('02-'03), XKR ('00-'02). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('04-'05), Super V8 ('05), XKR ('03-'06). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type ('06-'08), XF ('09), XJ8/Vanden Plas ('06-'09), XK ('07-'09). |- | B || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. Variable intake valve lift. Variable intake.<br> [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XF ('10-'12), XJ ('11-'12), XJL ('11), XJL Portfolio Rwd ('12-'13), XK ('10-'15), XK Touring ('13-'14). |- | C || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('00-'01), X-Type 3.0 ('02-Mid '05). |- | C || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8/Vanden Plas ('00-'03), XJ Sport ('02-'03), XK8 ('00-'02). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('04-'05), XK8 ('03-'06). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar S-Type R ('06-'08), XF Supercharged ('09), XJR ('06-'09), Super V8 ('06-'09), XKR ('07-'09). |- | C || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 510 PS/503 hp. Jaguar XFR ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supersport ('11-'12), XKR ('10-'15). |- | D || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('00-'01). |- | D || 2.5L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ25|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ25 V6 engine]]. Jaguar X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 470 PS/464 hp. Jaguar XF Supercharged ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supercharged ('11-'12). |- | N || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('01-'02). |- | P || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('01-'02). |- | T || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('03-'05). |- | U || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.2 ('03-'05). |- | V || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type R ('03-'05). |} ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Code/Model Line/Engine (Position 11) 2000-2019=== * X - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05) * W - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 3.0 ('02-'08) * F - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 3.0 ('00-'08) * G - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.0 ('00-'02) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.2 ('03-'08) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type R (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'08) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 4.2 ('09-'10) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged (4.2 supercharged) ('09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 5.0 ('10-'12) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged, XFR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XFR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('13-'15) * P - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 2.0T ('13-'15) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 3.0 supercharged ('13-'15) * L - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ8L (4.0) ('00-'01), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ Sport (4.0) ('02-'03) * M - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'01),<br> Super V8 (4.0 supercharged) ('02-'03), XJR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'03) * S - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('04-'06), XJ8L (4.2) ('05-'06), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('04-'06) * T - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('05-'06), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('06),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('04-'06) * S - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8L (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('07-'09) * T - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('09),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ (5.0) ('11-'12), XJL (5.0) ('11), XJL Portfolio (5.0) ('12-'13) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ/XJL Supercharged (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'19), XJ/XJL Supersport (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'13),<br> XJL Ultimate (5.0 supercharged) ('13), XJR SWB/LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), XJR575 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('18-'19), XJ50 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19), XJ Collection Sp. Ed. LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ base (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'15), XJ R-Sport (3.0 supercharged) ('16-'19),<br> XJL Portfolio AWD (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'19), XJL Portfolio RWD (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'19), XJ50 LWB (3.0 supercharged) ('19) * N - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.0) ('00-'02) * P - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'02) * 2 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.2) ('03-'06) * 3 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'06) * 5 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (4.2) ('07-'09) * 9 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (5.0) ('10-'15) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XKR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('12-'15), XKR-S GT (5.0 supercharged) ('14) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type Base, S (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), F-Type Premium (3.0 supercharged) ('17) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type V8S (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'15), F-Type R (5.0 supercharged) ('15-'17),<br> F-Type Project 7 (5.0 supercharged) ('16), F-Type SVR (5.0 supercharged) ('17) ===Plant Codes (Position 11) 2016-2026=== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17, F-Pace '17-'26) * C - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17-'20, XF '16-'24, F-Type '18-'24) * S - Oxford Road plant, Ryton, West Midlands, England, UK (JLR SVO plant) (XE SV Project 8 '19) * 1 - Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (E-Pace '18-'24, I-Pace EV '19-'24) ===Model (Position 12)=== * C - X-Type ('02-'03) * D - X-Type ('03-'04) * E - X-Type ('04-'06) * J - X-Type ('06-'08) * L - S-Type ('00-'01) * M - S-Type ('01-'04) * N - S-Type ('04-'08) * R - XF ('09-'11) * S - XF ('11-'13) * U - XF ('13-'15) * F - XJ ('00-'03) * G - XJ ('04-'06) [Browns Lane plant] * H - XJ ('06-'09) [Castle Bromwich plant] * V - XJ ('11-'16) * W - XJ ('16-'19) * A - XK ('00-'06) * B - XK ('07-'15) * K - F-Type ('14-'24) '''Positions 13–17, Serial Number''' ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (1981 - 1999)== ===Jaguar WMIs (1981-1999) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car ===Model Line (Position 4)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('81-'87), XJ6 Vanden Plas ('82-'87) |- |B |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '81-'88) |- |D |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '89-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('88-'89, '93-'94) |- |F |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('90-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6 Sovereign]] ('90-'92) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] ('88-'94) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Majestic (1989–1992 – SWB; 1993–1994 – LWB)|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas Majestic]] ('89-'90, '92) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#XJ12 and Daimler Double Six (XJ81)|Jaguar XJ12]] ('94) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6L]] LWB [X330] ('97) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] SWB ('95) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] LWB [X330] ('96-'97) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] SWB ('95) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] LWB [X330] ('96) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJR (X306)|Jaguar XJR]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('98-'99) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('98-'99) |- |N |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] ('82-'91), XJ-SC ('86-'88), XJS ('92-'96) |- |T |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] Rouge Collection ('89-'90), Classic Collection ('90-'91) |- |S |[[w:Jaguar XJS#XJR-S|Jaguar XJR-S]] ('93) |- |G |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8]] ('97-'99) |} ===Class (Regional Spec)/Restraint System (Position 5):=== * V = N. American-spec (Manual seat belts) * L = Canadian-spec (Manual seat belts) * Y = XJ6 Vanden Plas [Series III] ('82-'87) (Manual seat belts) * A = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '88-'89, XJ-SC '88) * Y = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '89, XJ sedan '89-'92) * W = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (US: XJ-S '90-'93, XJ6 '93, XJ12 Early '94) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XJS '94-'96, XJ6 '94-'97, XJ12 '94-'96, XJR '95-'97, XK8 '97-'99) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '98-'99) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '99) * M = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (Canada) * N = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XJ8/XJR '99) ===Body Style (Position 6):=== * 1 = 4-door sedan (XJ-series sedan '81-'99) * 2 = 2-door convertible w/2+2 seating (XJS convertible '94-'96, XK8 convertible '97-'99) * 3 = 2-door Cabriolet (XJ-SC '86-'88) * 4 = 2-door convertible w/2-psgr. seating (factory-built XJS convertible '89-'94, XJR-S convertible '93) * 5 = 2-door coupe (XJS coupe '82-'96, XJR-S coupe '93, XK8 coupe '97-'99) * 5 = 2-door coupe (Hess & Eisenhardt-built XJS convertible '87-'88) [coupe conversion] ===Engine Type (Position 7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 4.0L || I6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16S|Jaguar AJ16S I6]]. Jaguar XJR ('95-'97). |- | 2 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||CA & Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'82). |- | 2 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('96-'97). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8 ('98), XK8 ('98). |- | 3 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'87). |- | 3 || 6.0L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJR-S ('93), XJS ('94-'95), XJ12 ('94-'96). |- | 5 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - Low Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88-'89). |- | 6 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - High Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'94), XJS ('93-'94). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('95-'96), XJS ('95-'96). |- | 7 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XK8 ('97). |- | 8 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'92), XJ12 (Canada only: '88-'92). |- | 8 || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('98-'99). |- | 9 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'93), XJS ('93). |- | 0 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'87), XJ12 (Canada only: '85-'87). |- | 0 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. Enhanced evaporative emissions control system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('99), XK8 ('99). |} ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 8):=== * 4 = Automatic / LHD * 8 = Manual / LHD ('93-'94 XJS 4.0 w/ optional 5-spd. manual) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK ===Positions 12–17, Serial Number=== ** 100001 and after - XJ-S/XJ-SC/XJS/XJR-S (XJ27) ** 300001 and after - XJ-series sedan Series III ** 500001 and after - XJ-series sedan (XJ40/XJ81) ** 720001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X300/X305/X306/X330) ** 810001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X308) ** 001001 and after - XK8 (X100) qk4yxcvj3ccne7mqrpiyqwuw9lbw9da 4673589 4673588 2026-10-02T07:32:12Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Regional Spec/Restraint System (Position 4): */ 4673589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} This VIN number decoding and designation system is used primarily for the North American Market. European and Asian markets use other decoding and designation systems. ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (2000 -)== ===Jaguar WMIs (2000-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car (UK) * SAD - Jaguar SUV (UK & Europe) * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Regional Spec/Restraint System (Position 4):=== * J = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XK8 '00) * B = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada: XK8 '00) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * E = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (US: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * G = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags <br> (US: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09, XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09, XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (US: XK/XKR '07-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XK/XKR '07-'09) ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 5):=== * A = Automatic / LHD * B = Manual / LHD (X-Type '02-'05, S-Type 3.0 '03-'04) ===Model Line (Position 6-7)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 !VIN code !Description |- |51 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - High Series]] ('02-'08) |- |52 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - Entry Series]] ('03-'04) |- |53 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan w/Sport Package]] ('02-'03) |- |54 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type Sportwagon]] ('05-'08) |- |01 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type]] ('00-'08) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.0] ('02) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.2] ('03) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type R]] ('03-'08) |- |05 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Luxury]] ('09) |- |06 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Premium Luxury]] ('09) |- |07 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Supercharged]] ('09) |- |12 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Sport|Jaguar XJ Sport]] ('02-'03) |- |14 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('00-'03) |- |15 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('00-'03) |- |23 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |24 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('00-'03) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB) ('02-'03) |- |71 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('04-'09) |- |73 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJR]] ('04-'09) |- |74 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (SWB) ('04) |- |79 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('05-'09) |- |86 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 4-psgr.) ('06) |- |94 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('09) |- |41 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR coupe]] ('00-'06) |- |42 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR convertible]] ('00-'06) |- |43 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR coupe]] ('07-'09) |- |44 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR convertible]] ('07-'09) |- |45 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition coupe]] ('09) |- |46 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition convertible]] ('09) |} ===Engine/Emissions Control System (Position 8)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. ULEV. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]].<br> Jaguar X-Type 3.0 (Mid '05-'08), S-Type 3.0 ('06-'08). |- | A || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XF ('10). |- | A || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 550 PS/542 hp. Jaguar XKR-S ('12-'15), XKR-S GT ('14). |- | B || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJR ('00-'03), Vanden Plas Supercharged ('00-'01), Super V8 ('02-'03), XKR ('00-'02). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('04-'05), Super V8 ('05), XKR ('03-'06). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type ('06-'08), XF ('09), XJ8/Vanden Plas ('06-'09), XK ('07-'09). |- | B || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. Variable intake valve lift. Variable intake.<br> [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XF ('10-'12), XJ ('11-'12), XJL ('11), XJL Portfolio Rwd ('12-'13), XK ('10-'15), XK Touring ('13-'14). |- | C || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('00-'01), X-Type 3.0 ('02-Mid '05). |- | C || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8/Vanden Plas ('00-'03), XJ Sport ('02-'03), XK8 ('00-'02). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('04-'05), XK8 ('03-'06). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar S-Type R ('06-'08), XF Supercharged ('09), XJR ('06-'09), Super V8 ('06-'09), XKR ('07-'09). |- | C || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 510 PS/503 hp. Jaguar XFR ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supersport ('11-'12), XKR ('10-'15). |- | D || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('00-'01). |- | D || 2.5L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ25|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ25 V6 engine]]. Jaguar X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 470 PS/464 hp. Jaguar XF Supercharged ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supercharged ('11-'12). |- | N || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('01-'02). |- | P || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('01-'02). |- | T || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('03-'05). |- | U || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.2 ('03-'05). |- | V || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type R ('03-'05). |} ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Code/Model Line/Engine (Position 11) 2000-2019=== * X - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05) * W - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 3.0 ('02-'08) * F - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 3.0 ('00-'08) * G - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.0 ('00-'02) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.2 ('03-'08) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type R (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'08) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 4.2 ('09-'10) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged (4.2 supercharged) ('09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 5.0 ('10-'12) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged, XFR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XFR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('13-'15) * P - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 2.0T ('13-'15) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 3.0 supercharged ('13-'15) * L - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ8L (4.0) ('00-'01), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ Sport (4.0) ('02-'03) * M - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'01),<br> Super V8 (4.0 supercharged) ('02-'03), XJR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'03) * S - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('04-'06), XJ8L (4.2) ('05-'06), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('04-'06) * T - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('05-'06), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('06),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('04-'06) * S - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8L (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('07-'09) * T - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('09),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ (5.0) ('11-'12), XJL (5.0) ('11), XJL Portfolio (5.0) ('12-'13) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ/XJL Supercharged (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'19), XJ/XJL Supersport (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'13),<br> XJL Ultimate (5.0 supercharged) ('13), XJR SWB/LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), XJR575 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('18-'19), XJ50 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19), XJ Collection Sp. Ed. LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ base (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'15), XJ R-Sport (3.0 supercharged) ('16-'19),<br> XJL Portfolio AWD (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'19), XJL Portfolio RWD (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'19), XJ50 LWB (3.0 supercharged) ('19) * N - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.0) ('00-'02) * P - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'02) * 2 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.2) ('03-'06) * 3 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'06) * 5 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (4.2) ('07-'09) * 9 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (5.0) ('10-'15) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XKR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('12-'15), XKR-S GT (5.0 supercharged) ('14) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type Base, S (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), F-Type Premium (3.0 supercharged) ('17) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type V8S (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'15), F-Type R (5.0 supercharged) ('15-'17),<br> F-Type Project 7 (5.0 supercharged) ('16), F-Type SVR (5.0 supercharged) ('17) ===Plant Codes (Position 11) 2016-2026=== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17, F-Pace '17-'26) * C - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17-'20, XF '16-'24, F-Type '18-'24) * S - Oxford Road plant, Ryton, West Midlands, England, UK (JLR SVO plant) (XE SV Project 8 '19) * 1 - Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (E-Pace '18-'24, I-Pace EV '19-'24) ===Model (Position 12)=== * C - X-Type ('02-'03) * D - X-Type ('03-'04) * E - X-Type ('04-'06) * J - X-Type ('06-'08) * L - S-Type ('00-'01) * M - S-Type ('01-'04) * N - S-Type ('04-'08) * R - XF ('09-'11) * S - XF ('11-'13) * U - XF ('13-'15) * F - XJ ('00-'03) * G - XJ ('04-'06) [Browns Lane plant] * H - XJ ('06-'09) [Castle Bromwich plant] * V - XJ ('11-'16) * W - XJ ('16-'19) * A - XK ('00-'06) * B - XK ('07-'15) * K - F-Type ('14-'24) '''Positions 13–17, Serial Number''' ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (1981 - 1999)== ===Jaguar WMIs (1981-1999) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car ===Model Line (Position 4)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('81-'87), XJ6 Vanden Plas ('82-'87) |- |B |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '81-'88) |- |D |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '89-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('88-'89, '93-'94) |- |F |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('90-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6 Sovereign]] ('90-'92) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] ('88-'94) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Majestic (1989–1992 – SWB; 1993–1994 – LWB)|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas Majestic]] ('89-'90, '92) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#XJ12 and Daimler Double Six (XJ81)|Jaguar XJ12]] ('94) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6L]] LWB [X330] ('97) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] SWB ('95) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] LWB [X330] ('96-'97) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] SWB ('95) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] LWB [X330] ('96) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJR (X306)|Jaguar XJR]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('98-'99) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('98-'99) |- |N |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] ('82-'91), XJ-SC ('86-'88), XJS ('92-'96) |- |T |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] Rouge Collection ('89-'90), Classic Collection ('90-'91) |- |S |[[w:Jaguar XJS#XJR-S|Jaguar XJR-S]] ('93) |- |G |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8]] ('97-'99) |} ===Class (Regional Spec)/Restraint System (Position 5):=== * V = N. American-spec (Manual seat belts) * L = Canadian-spec (Manual seat belts) * Y = XJ6 Vanden Plas [Series III] ('82-'87) (Manual seat belts) * A = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '88-'89, XJ-SC '88) * Y = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '89, XJ sedan '89-'92) * W = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (US: XJ-S '90-'93, XJ6 '93, XJ12 Early '94) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XJS '94-'96, XJ6 '94-'97, XJ12 '94-'96, XJR '95-'97, XK8 '97-'99) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '98-'99) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '99) * M = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (Canada) * N = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XJ8/XJR '99) ===Body Style (Position 6):=== * 1 = 4-door sedan (XJ-series sedan '81-'99) * 2 = 2-door convertible w/2+2 seating (XJS convertible '94-'96, XK8 convertible '97-'99) * 3 = 2-door Cabriolet (XJ-SC '86-'88) * 4 = 2-door convertible w/2-psgr. seating (factory-built XJS convertible '89-'94, XJR-S convertible '93) * 5 = 2-door coupe (XJS coupe '82-'96, XJR-S coupe '93, XK8 coupe '97-'99) * 5 = 2-door coupe (Hess & Eisenhardt-built XJS convertible '87-'88) [coupe conversion] ===Engine Type (Position 7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 4.0L || I6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16S|Jaguar AJ16S I6]]. Jaguar XJR ('95-'97). |- | 2 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||CA & Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'82). |- | 2 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('96-'97). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8 ('98), XK8 ('98). |- | 3 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'87). |- | 3 || 6.0L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJR-S ('93), XJS ('94-'95), XJ12 ('94-'96). |- | 5 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - Low Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88-'89). |- | 6 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - High Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'94), XJS ('93-'94). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('95-'96), XJS ('95-'96). |- | 7 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XK8 ('97). |- | 8 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'92), XJ12 (Canada only: '88-'92). |- | 8 || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('98-'99). |- | 9 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'93), XJS ('93). |- | 0 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'87), XJ12 (Canada only: '85-'87). |- | 0 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. Enhanced evaporative emissions control system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('99), XK8 ('99). |} ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 8):=== * 4 = Automatic / LHD * 8 = Manual / LHD ('93-'94 XJS 4.0 w/ optional 5-spd. manual) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK ===Positions 12–17, Serial Number=== ** 100001 and after - XJ-S/XJ-SC/XJS/XJR-S (XJ27) ** 300001 and after - XJ-series sedan Series III ** 500001 and after - XJ-series sedan (XJ40/XJ81) ** 720001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X300/X305/X306/X330) ** 810001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X308) ** 001001 and after - XK8 (X100) 9wn2wvox8ey9pirjk60xn74zsotgh9c 4673590 4673589 2026-10-02T07:38:38Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Transmission & Steering Location (Position 5): */ 4673590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} This VIN number decoding and designation system is used primarily for the North American Market. European and Asian markets use other decoding and designation systems. ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (2000 -)== ===Jaguar WMIs (2000-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car (UK) * SAD - Jaguar SUV (UK & Europe) * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Regional Spec/Restraint System (Position 4):=== * J = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XK8 '00) * B = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada: XK8 '00) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: S-Type '00-'02, XJ8/XJR '00-'03, XK8/XKR '01-'06, XK/XKR Early '07) * E = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (US: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * G = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '02-'04, S-Type '03-'04, XJ8/XJR Early '04) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags <br> (US: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09, XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags (Canada: X-Type '05-'08, S-Type '05-'08, XF '09, XJ8/XJR '04-'09) * W = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (US: XK/XKR '07-'09) * X = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags w/occupant position (driver) and weight (fr. psgr.) sensing, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XK/XKR '07-'09) ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 5 - '00-'12):=== * A = Automatic / LHD * B = Manual / LHD (X-Type '02-'05, S-Type 3.0 '03-'04) ===Transmission & Drive Wheels (Position 5 - '13-):=== * A = Automatic / Rwd (XF, XJ, XK) * J = Automatic / Awd (XF Awd, XJ Awd) ===Model Line (Position 6-7)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6-7 !VIN code !Description |- |51 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - High Series]] ('02-'08) |- |52 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan - Entry Series]] ('03-'04) |- |53 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type sedan w/Sport Package]] ('02-'03) |- |54 |[[w:Jaguar X-Type|Jaguar X-Type Sportwagon]] ('05-'08) |- |01 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type]] ('00-'08) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.0] ('02) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type Sport]] [3.0, 4.2] ('03) |- |03 |[[w:Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type R]] ('03-'08) |- |05 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Luxury]] ('09) |- |06 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Premium Luxury]] ('09) |- |07 |[[w:Jaguar XF (X250)|Jaguar XF Supercharged]] ('09) |- |12 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Sport|Jaguar XJ Sport]] ('02-'03) |- |14 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('00-'03) |- |15 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('00-'03) |- |23 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |24 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('00-'03) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged]] (LWB) ('00-'01) |- |25 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB) ('02-'03) |- |71 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('04-'09) |- |73 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJR]] ('04-'09) |- |74 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (SWB) ('04) |- |79 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8L]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] (LWB) ('05-'09) |- |82 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('05-'09) |- |86 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 4-psgr.) ('06) |- |94 |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X350)|Jaguar XJ Super V8 Portfolio]] (LWB, 5-psgr.) ('09) |- |41 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR coupe]] ('00-'06) |- |42 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8/XKR convertible]] ('00-'06) |- |43 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR coupe]] ('07-'09) |- |44 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK/XKR convertible]] ('07-'09) |- |45 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition coupe]] ('09) |- |46 |[[w:Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XKR Portfolio Edition convertible]] ('09) |} ===Engine/Emissions Control System (Position 8)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. ULEV. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]].<br> Jaguar X-Type 3.0 (Mid '05-'08), S-Type 3.0 ('06-'08). |- | A || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XF ('10). |- | A || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 550 PS/542 hp. Jaguar XKR-S ('12-'15), XKR-S GT ('14). |- | B || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJR ('00-'03), Vanden Plas Supercharged ('00-'01), Super V8 ('02-'03), XKR ('00-'02). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('04-'05), Super V8 ('05), XKR ('03-'06). |- | B || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type ('06-'08), XF ('09), XJ8/Vanden Plas ('06-'09), XK ('07-'09). |- | B || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. Variable intake valve lift. Variable intake.<br> [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XF ('10-'12), XJ ('11-'12), XJL ('11), XJL Portfolio Rwd ('12-'13), XK ('10-'15), XK Touring ('13-'14). |- | C || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('00-'01), X-Type 3.0 ('02-Mid '05). |- | C || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8/Vanden Plas ('00-'03), XJ Sport ('02-'03), XK8 ('00-'02). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('04-'05), XK8 ('03-'06). |- | C || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. ULEV. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ34S V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar S-Type R ('06-'08), XF Supercharged ('09), XJR ('06-'09), Super V8 ('06-'09), XKR ('07-'09). |- | C || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 510 PS/503 hp. Jaguar XFR ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supersport ('11-'12), XKR ('10-'15). |- | D || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('00-'01). |- | D || 2.5L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ25|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ25 V6 engine]]. Jaguar X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. ULEV. Continuously variable intake & exhaust valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ133 V8 engine]].<br> 470 PS/464 hp. Jaguar XF Supercharged ('10-'12), XJ/XJL Supercharged ('11-'12). |- | N || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('01-'02). |- | P || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ28 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.0 ('01-'02). |- | T || 3.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V6 engine#AJ30|Jaguar AJ-V6 - AJ30 V6 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 3.0 ('03-'05). |- | U || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.2 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33 V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type 4.2 ('03-'05). |- | V || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged_2|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ33S V8 engine]]. Jaguar S-Type R ('03-'05). |} ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Code/Model Line/Engine (Position 11) 2000-2019=== * X - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 2.5 ('02-'05) * W - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK - X-Type 3.0 ('02-'08) * F - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 3.0 ('00-'08) * G - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.0 ('00-'02) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type 4.2 ('03-'08) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - S-Type R (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'08) * H - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 4.2 ('09-'10) * 1 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged (4.2 supercharged) ('09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 5.0 ('10-'12) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF Supercharged, XFR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XFR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('13-'15) * P - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 2.0T ('13-'15) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XF 3.0 supercharged ('13-'15) * L - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ8L (4.0) ('00-'01), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('00-'03), XJ Sport (4.0) ('02-'03) * M - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 Vanden Plas Supercharged (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'01),<br> Super V8 (4.0 supercharged) ('02-'03), XJR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'03) * S - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('04-'06), XJ8L (4.2) ('05-'06), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('04-'06) * T - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('05-'06), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('06),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('04-'06) * S - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ8 (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8L (4.2) ('07-'09), XJ8 Vanden Plas (4.0) ('07-'09) * T - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - Super V8 (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09), Super V8 Portfolio (4.2 supercharged) ('09),<br> XJR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ (5.0) ('11-'12), XJL (5.0) ('11), XJL Portfolio (5.0) ('12-'13) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ/XJL Supercharged (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'19), XJ/XJL Supersport (5.0 supercharged) ('11-'13),<br> XJL Ultimate (5.0 supercharged) ('13), XJR SWB/LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), XJR575 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('18-'19), XJ50 LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19), XJ Collection Sp. Ed. LWB (5.0 supercharged) ('19) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XJ base (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'15), XJ R-Sport (3.0 supercharged) ('16-'19),<br> XJL Portfolio AWD (3.0 supercharged) ('13-'19), XJL Portfolio RWD (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'19), XJ50 LWB (3.0 supercharged) ('19) * N - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.0) ('00-'02) * P - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.0 supercharged) ('00-'02) * 2 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XK8 (4.2) ('03-'06) * 3 - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('03-'06) * 5 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (4.2) ('07-'09) * 9 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (4.2 supercharged) ('07-'09) * L - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XK (5.0) ('10-'15) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - XKR (5.0 supercharged) ('10-'15), XKR-S (5.0 supercharged) ('12-'15), XKR-S GT (5.0 supercharged) ('14) * 8 - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type Base, S (3.0 supercharged) ('14-'17), F-Type Premium (3.0 supercharged) ('17) * M - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK - F-Type V8S (5.0 supercharged) ('14-'15), F-Type R (5.0 supercharged) ('15-'17),<br> F-Type Project 7 (5.0 supercharged) ('16), F-Type SVR (5.0 supercharged) ('17) ===Plant Codes (Position 11) 2016-2026=== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17, F-Pace '17-'26) * C - Castle Bromwich, West Midlands, England, UK (XE '17-'20, XF '16-'24, F-Type '18-'24) * S - Oxford Road plant, Ryton, West Midlands, England, UK (JLR SVO plant) (XE SV Project 8 '19) * 1 - Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant) (E-Pace '18-'24, I-Pace EV '19-'24) ===Model (Position 12)=== * C - X-Type ('02-'03) * D - X-Type ('03-'04) * E - X-Type ('04-'06) * J - X-Type ('06-'08) * L - S-Type ('00-'01) * M - S-Type ('01-'04) * N - S-Type ('04-'08) * R - XF ('09-'11) * S - XF ('11-'13) * U - XF ('13-'15) * F - XJ ('00-'03) * G - XJ ('04-'06) [Browns Lane plant] * H - XJ ('06-'09) [Castle Bromwich plant] * V - XJ ('11-'16) * W - XJ ('16-'19) * A - XK ('00-'06) * B - XK ('07-'15) * K - F-Type ('14-'24) '''Positions 13–17, Serial Number''' ==General Template for Jaguar's VIN format (1981 - 1999)== ===Jaguar WMIs (1981-1999) (Position 1-3)=== * SAJ - Jaguar passenger car ===Model Line (Position 4)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('81-'87), XJ6 Vanden Plas ('82-'87) |- |B |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '81-'88) |- |D |[[w:Jaguar XJ#Series 3 (1979–1992)|Jaguar XJ12]] (Canada only: '89-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('88-'89, '93-'94) |- |F |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('90-'92) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|Jaguar XJ6 Sovereign]] ('90-'92) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] ('88-'94) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#Majestic (1989–1992 – SWB; 1993–1994 – LWB)|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas Majestic]] ('89-'90, '92) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (XJ40)#XJ12 and Daimler Double Six (XJ81)|Jaguar XJ12]] ('94) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)|Jaguar XJ6L]] LWB [X330] ('97) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] SWB ('95) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#Daimler/Jaguar Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ6 Vanden Plas]] LWB [X330] ('96-'97) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] SWB ('95) |- |M |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJ12 (X305)|Jaguar XJ12]] LWB [X330] ('96) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X300)#XJR (X306)|Jaguar XJR]] ('95-'97) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8]] ('98-'99) |- |H |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)|Jaguar XJ8L]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |K |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#Daimler/Vanden Plas|Jaguar XJ8 Vanden Plas]] LWB ('98-'99) |- |P |[[w:Jaguar XJ (X308)#XJR|Jaguar XJR]] ('98-'99) |- |N |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] ('82-'91), XJ-SC ('86-'88), XJS ('92-'96) |- |T |[[w:Jaguar XJS|Jaguar XJ-S]] Rouge Collection ('89-'90), Classic Collection ('90-'91) |- |S |[[w:Jaguar XJS#XJR-S|Jaguar XJR-S]] ('93) |- |G |[[w:Jaguar XK (X100)|Jaguar XK8]] ('97-'99) |} ===Class (Regional Spec)/Restraint System (Position 5):=== * V = N. American-spec (Manual seat belts) * L = Canadian-spec (Manual seat belts) * Y = XJ6 Vanden Plas [Series III] ('82-'87) (Manual seat belts) * A = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '88-'89, XJ-SC '88) * Y = Motorized Shoulder Belts (XJ-S coupe '89, XJ sedan '89-'92) * W = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (US: XJ-S '90-'93, XJ6 '93, XJ12 Early '94) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (US: XJS '94-'96, XJ6 '94-'97, XJ12 '94-'96, XJR '95-'97, XK8 '97-'99) * X = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '98-'99) * D = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (US: XJ8/XJR '99) * M = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag (Canada) * N = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags (Canada) * F = Manual seat belts, Depowered Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags (Canada: XJ8/XJR '99) ===Body Style (Position 6):=== * 1 = 4-door sedan (XJ-series sedan '81-'99) * 2 = 2-door convertible w/2+2 seating (XJS convertible '94-'96, XK8 convertible '97-'99) * 3 = 2-door Cabriolet (XJ-SC '86-'88) * 4 = 2-door convertible w/2-psgr. seating (factory-built XJS convertible '89-'94, XJR-S convertible '93) * 5 = 2-door coupe (XJS coupe '82-'96, XJR-S coupe '93, XK8 coupe '97-'99) * 5 = 2-door coupe (Hess & Eisenhardt-built XJS convertible '87-'88) [coupe conversion] ===Engine Type (Position 7):=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 4.0L || I6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16S|Jaguar AJ16S I6]]. Jaguar XJR ('95-'97). |- | 2 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||CA & Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'82). |- | 2 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('96-'97). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]].<br> Jaguar XJ8 ('98), XK8 ('98). |- | 3 || 4.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 12 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar XK engine|Jaguar XK I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('81-'87). |- | 3 || 6.0L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJR-S ('93), XJS ('94-'95), XJ12 ('94-'96). |- | 5 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - Low Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88-'89). |- | 6 || 3.6L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec - High Compression. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('88). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'94), XJS ('93-'94). |- | 7 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine#AJ16|Jaguar AJ16 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('95-'96), XJS ('95-'96). |- | 7 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Variable intake valve timing. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XK8 ('97). |- | 8 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||N. America-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'92), XJ12 (Canada only: '88-'92). |- | 8 || 4.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Supercharged|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ26S V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJR ('98-'99). |- | 9 || 4.0L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar AJ6 engine|Jaguar AJ6 I6]]. Jaguar XJ6 ('90-'93), XJS ('93). |- | 0 || 5.3L || 60° V12 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Canada-spec. MPI. [[w:Jaguar V12 engine|Jaguar V12]]. Jaguar XJ-S ('82-'87), XJ12 (Canada only: '85-'87). |- | 0 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||MPI. Continuously variable intake valve timing. Dual-canister evaporative emissions system. Enhanced evaporative emissions control system. [[w:Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#4.0 L|Jaguar AJ-V8 - AJ27 V8 engine]]. Jaguar XJ8 ('99), XK8 ('99). |} ===Transmission & Steering Location (Position 8):=== * 4 = Automatic / LHD * 8 = Manual / LHD ('93-'94 XJS 4.0 w/ optional 5-spd. manual) ===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)=== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ===Model Year Code (Position 10)=== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ===Plant Codes (Position 11)=== * C - Browns Lane plant, Coventry, West Midlands, England, UK ===Positions 12–17, Serial Number=== ** 100001 and after - XJ-S/XJ-SC/XJS/XJR-S (XJ27) ** 300001 and after - XJ-series sedan Series III ** 500001 and after - XJ-series sedan (XJ40/XJ81) ** 720001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X300/X305/X306/X330) ** 810001 and after - XJ-series sedan (X308) ** 001001 and after - XK8 (X100) 97814kqaxxygzb3b5sfylfai5plaryv 102 485899 4673513 4672900 2026-10-01T18:22:48Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 style, format, language, links 4673513 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{Recipe summary | Cuisine = Indonesian | Origin = | Servings = 3–4 | Time = 10 minutes | Difficulty = 1 }} {{Recipe}}| [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Indonesia|Cuisine of Indonesia]] '''Telur dadar''' is an Indonesian dish made of eggs with some herbs and additional ingredients, with the word ''dadar'' referring to the method of spreading the egg mixture during cooking. This dish is better served with warm rice. == Ingredients == * 2–3 [[Cookbook:Egg|eggs]] * 1 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|tsp]] [[Cookbook:Salt|salt]] * [[Cookbook:Pepper|Ground pepper]] * 1 tsp [[Cookbook:Dehydrated Broth|chicken stock powder]] * 1 clove [[Cookbook:Garlic|garlic]], [[Cookbook:Mince|minced]] * 1 [[Cookbook:Green Onion|spring onion]], [[Cookbook:Chopping|chopped]] * 1 stalk [[Cookbook:Celery|celery]] (optional), chopped * 1–2 [[Cookbook:Chiles|chiles]] (optional), chopped * ½ can [[Cookbook:Corned Beef|corned beef]] * 1 sliced [[Cookbook:Tofu|tofu]] (optional) * [[Cookbook:Oil and Fat|Cooking oil]] * [[Cookbook:Soy Sauce|Soy sauce]] for serving (optional) * Fried [[Cookbook:Shallot|shallots]] (optional) == Procedure == # [[Cookbook:Beat|Beat]] the eggs, salt, pepper, and stock powder together in a bowl until well-combined. # Mix in the garlic, spring onion, celery, and chile. # Scoop the corned beef into the mixture, then use a spoon to break it into smaller pieces before mixing well again. # Add the tofu, but do not mix, as this would crush the soft tofu. # Heat a [[Cookbook:Frying Pan|skillet]] over medium heat. Add a thin coat of oil, then spread the egg mixture evenly in the pan. # Let the egg cook until fully cooked on the bottom, then flip the egg and cook the other side until done. # Serve on a plate with soy sauce and fried shallots as desired. [[Category:Very Easy recipes]] [[Category:Recipes]] [[Category:Indonesian recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using corned beef]] [[Category:Recipes using chile]] [[Category:Recipes using egg]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using garlic]] [[Category:Recipes using green onion]] [[Category:Recipes using celery]] [[Category:Recipes using tofu]] [[Category:Recipes using soy sauce]] [[Category:Recipes using shallot]] j87ctfgpke3a07a1d7i5rt46ahhzv6e 4673514 4673513 2026-10-01T18:23:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 change difficulty 4673514 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{Recipe summary | Cuisine = Indonesian | Origin = | Servings = 3–4 | Time = 10 minutes | Difficulty = 2 }} {{Recipe}}| [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Indonesia|Cuisine of Indonesia]] '''Telur dadar''' is an Indonesian dish made of eggs with some herbs and additional ingredients, with the word ''dadar'' referring to the method of spreading the egg mixture during cooking. This dish is better served with warm rice. == Ingredients == * 2–3 [[Cookbook:Egg|eggs]] * 1 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|tsp]] [[Cookbook:Salt|salt]] * [[Cookbook:Pepper|Ground pepper]] * 1 tsp [[Cookbook:Dehydrated Broth|chicken stock powder]] * 1 clove [[Cookbook:Garlic|garlic]], [[Cookbook:Mince|minced]] * 1 [[Cookbook:Green Onion|spring onion]], [[Cookbook:Chopping|chopped]] * 1 stalk [[Cookbook:Celery|celery]] (optional), chopped * 1–2 [[Cookbook:Chiles|chiles]] (optional), chopped * ½ can [[Cookbook:Corned Beef|corned beef]] * 1 sliced [[Cookbook:Tofu|tofu]] (optional) * [[Cookbook:Oil and Fat|Cooking oil]] * [[Cookbook:Soy Sauce|Soy sauce]] for serving (optional) * Fried [[Cookbook:Shallot|shallots]] (optional) == Procedure == # [[Cookbook:Beat|Beat]] the eggs, salt, pepper, and stock powder together in a bowl until well-combined. # Mix in the garlic, spring onion, celery, and chile. # Scoop the corned beef into the mixture, then use a spoon to break it into smaller pieces before mixing well again. # Add the tofu, but do not mix, as this would crush the soft tofu. # Heat a [[Cookbook:Frying Pan|skillet]] over medium heat. Add a thin coat of oil, then spread the egg mixture evenly in the pan. # Let the egg cook until fully cooked on the bottom, then flip the egg and cook the other side until done. # Serve on a plate with soy sauce and fried shallots as desired. [[Category:Very Easy recipes]] [[Category:Recipes]] [[Category:Indonesian recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using corned beef]] [[Category:Recipes using chile]] [[Category:Recipes using egg]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using garlic]] [[Category:Recipes using green onion]] [[Category:Recipes using celery]] [[Category:Recipes using tofu]] [[Category:Recipes using soy sauce]] [[Category:Recipes using shallot]] ow6pgi6cymyju0sh29qm27t8dnhw68o 4673515 4673514 2026-10-01T18:23:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Kittycataclysm moved page [[Cookbook:Telur dadar]] to [[Cookbook:Telur Dadar]] without leaving a redirect: title case per cookbook style 4673514 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{Recipe summary | Cuisine = Indonesian | Origin = | Servings = 3–4 | Time = 10 minutes | Difficulty = 2 }} {{Recipe}}| [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Indonesia|Cuisine of Indonesia]] '''Telur dadar''' is an Indonesian dish made of eggs with some herbs and additional ingredients, with the word ''dadar'' referring to the method of spreading the egg mixture during cooking. This dish is better served with warm rice. == Ingredients == * 2–3 [[Cookbook:Egg|eggs]] * 1 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|tsp]] [[Cookbook:Salt|salt]] * [[Cookbook:Pepper|Ground pepper]] * 1 tsp [[Cookbook:Dehydrated Broth|chicken stock powder]] * 1 clove [[Cookbook:Garlic|garlic]], [[Cookbook:Mince|minced]] * 1 [[Cookbook:Green Onion|spring onion]], [[Cookbook:Chopping|chopped]] * 1 stalk [[Cookbook:Celery|celery]] (optional), chopped * 1–2 [[Cookbook:Chiles|chiles]] (optional), chopped * ½ can [[Cookbook:Corned Beef|corned beef]] * 1 sliced [[Cookbook:Tofu|tofu]] (optional) * [[Cookbook:Oil and Fat|Cooking oil]] * [[Cookbook:Soy Sauce|Soy sauce]] for serving (optional) * Fried [[Cookbook:Shallot|shallots]] (optional) == Procedure == # [[Cookbook:Beat|Beat]] the eggs, salt, pepper, and stock powder together in a bowl until well-combined. # Mix in the garlic, spring onion, celery, and chile. # Scoop the corned beef into the mixture, then use a spoon to break it into smaller pieces before mixing well again. # Add the tofu, but do not mix, as this would crush the soft tofu. # Heat a [[Cookbook:Frying Pan|skillet]] over medium heat. Add a thin coat of oil, then spread the egg mixture evenly in the pan. # Let the egg cook until fully cooked on the bottom, then flip the egg and cook the other side until done. # Serve on a plate with soy sauce and fried shallots as desired. [[Category:Very Easy recipes]] [[Category:Recipes]] [[Category:Indonesian recipes]] [[Category:Recipes using corned beef]] [[Category:Recipes using chile]] [[Category:Recipes using egg]] [[Category:Recipes using salt]] [[Category:Recipes using pepper]] [[Category:Recipes using dehydrated broth]] [[Category:Recipes using garlic]] [[Category:Recipes using green onion]] [[Category:Recipes using celery]] [[Category:Recipes using tofu]] [[Category:Recipes using soy sauce]] [[Category:Recipes using shallot]] ow6pgi6cymyju0sh29qm27t8dnhw68o 3 485948 4673418 4673325 2026-10-01T12:16:44Z MathXplore 3097823 Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination 4673418 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! 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If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:How to boost performance in Wii Fit Aerobics|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:EggRoll97|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 02:57, 1 October 2026 (UTC) == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:The Leibniz Pi Game]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:The Leibniz Pi Game|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 1 October 2026 (UTC) dcyxkipjkmf74vuu2hxq6c038ur8p29 0 485974 4673414 2026-10-01T12:13:27Z ~2026-52801-54 3627322 made the page informativly 4673414 wikitext text/x-wiki 2.F3? The King's Head Opening This poor choice weakens white's king and takes away the B1 knight's natural square. While this move does support the E pawn, it is the worst way to do so, as 2.Nc3 and 2.D3. Overall, this is one of the worst second moves you could play as white. All it does is cause problems. piqlj31fl7bp8zmszzi9kgedb9zhjpa 4673416 4673414 2026-10-01T12:15:52Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4673416 wikitext text/x-wiki 2.F3? The King's Head Opening This poor choice weakens white's king and takes away the B1 knight's natural square. While this move does support the E pawn, it is the worst way to do so, as 2.Nc3 and 2.D3. Overall, this is one of the worst second moves you could play as white. All it does is cause problems. {{BookCat}} np5y5fhu2yvhvx51xnyaznney1oniad 3 485975 4673420 2026-10-01T12:17:22Z MathXplore 3097823 Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination 4673420 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Tunde akinlabi]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:Tunde akinlabi|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 1 October 2026 (UTC) 7wu2ow01kx8edofsf7euhy8x4rrzjit 2 485976 4673441 2026-10-01T13:39:23Z Adoni Esther Gracious 3620018 Created page with "My First Money Book Book Summary My First Money Book is a beginner- friendly educational book designed to teach children aged 6-12 years how to understand and manage money responsibly. Written in simple English, the book introduces children to basic financial literacy through everyday examples, practical activities and review questions. The book explains what money is, why people use it and how children can make wise financialkj decisions. It teaches the difference b..." 4673441 wikitext text/x-wiki My First Money Book Book Summary My First Money Book is a beginner- friendly educational book designed to teach children aged 6-12 years how to understand and manage money responsibly. Written in simple English, the book introduces children to basic financial literacy through everyday examples, practical activities and review questions. The book explains what money is, why people use it and how children can make wise financialkj decisions. It teaches the difference between needs and wants, helping children understand why essential items should be considered before optional purchases. It introduces saving as a way of preparing for future needs and achieving personal goals. The book furthermore teaches the children how to prepare a simple budget, plan their spending and keep track of their money and staying safe when handling financial information. Through examples, exercises and self- assessment questions, My First Money Book encourages children to develop good money habits from an early age. The book aims to build financial awareness, responsibility, patience and thoughtful decision- making, preparing young learners to manage money more confidently as they grow. == Chapter 1: Understanding Money == === 1.1 what is money === Money is a means of payment that people commonly accept when buying goods and services for example when you buy a notebook from a shop, you give the shopkeeper money in exchange for notebook. People may pay using cash or electronic methods of payment. Electronic payments should be made with the guidance of trusted adult when you are a child. === 1.2 How do people get money? === Adults may receive money by working, operating businesses, farming or providing services. Children may receive money as gifts or pocket money from parents and guardians. People should obtain money honestly and respect the property of others. === 1.3 Why is money important? === Money helps people to: * Buy food and clothing. * Pay for school materials. * Obtain transport. * Pay for services. * Save for future needs. == Chapter 2: Needs and Wants == d74v71ux3fia7xcnlr7qkn2ceexhsb0 4673444 4673441 2026-10-01T13:56:26Z Adoni Esther Gracious 3620018 /* 1.3 Why is money important? */ 4673444 wikitext text/x-wiki My First Money Book Book Summary My First Money Book is a beginner- friendly educational book designed to teach children aged 6-12 years how to understand and manage money responsibly. Written in simple English, the book introduces children to basic financial literacy through everyday examples, practical activities and review questions. The book explains what money is, why people use it and how children can make wise financialkj decisions. It teaches the difference between needs and wants, helping children understand why essential items should be considered before optional purchases. It introduces saving as a way of preparing for future needs and achieving personal goals. The book furthermore teaches the children how to prepare a simple budget, plan their spending and keep track of their money and staying safe when handling financial information. Through examples, exercises and self- assessment questions, My First Money Book encourages children to develop good money habits from an early age. The book aims to build financial awareness, responsibility, patience and thoughtful decision- making, preparing young learners to manage money more confidently as they grow. == Chapter 1: Understanding Money == === 1.1 what is money === Money is a means of payment that people commonly accept when buying goods and services for example when you buy a notebook from a shop, you give the shopkeeper money in exchange for notebook. People may pay using cash or electronic methods of payment. Electronic payments should be made with the guidance of trusted adult when you are a child. === 1.2 How do people get money? === Adults may receive money by working, operating businesses, farming or providing services. Children may receive money as gifts or pocket money from parents and guardians. People should obtain money honestly and respect the property of others. === 1.3 Why is money important? === Money helps people to: * Buy food and clothing. * Pay for school materials. * Obtain transport. * Pay for services. * Save for future needs. == Chapter 2: Needs and Wants == === 2.1 What is a need? === A need is something important for our health, safety and everyday life. examples include: * Food and clean water. * Basic clothing. * Shelter. * Essential school materials. === 2.2 What is a want? === A want is something we would like to have but can usually live without. Examples include an extra toy, sweets, a new game or an additional fashionable item. A want is not necessarily bad. The important thing is to decide whether you can afford it after considering your needs. === 2.3 How do we choose what buy? === Before buying something, ask yourself: # Do I need it? # Do I already have something I can use? # Can I afford it? # Should I save the money for something more important? Example: Amina has money to buy either an exercise book she needs for school or an extra toy. Her exercise book is finished, so she buys the book first and plans to save for the toy later. Amina has learned to consider her needs before her wants. 439ycgsrjpyd7dlssz6bb46iebbyx6l 4673445 4673444 2026-10-01T14:00:43Z Adoni Esther Gracious 3620018 /* 2.3 How do we choose what buy? */ 4673445 wikitext text/x-wiki My First Money Book Book Summary My First Money Book is a beginner- friendly educational book designed to teach children aged 6-12 years how to understand and manage money responsibly. Written in simple English, the book introduces children to basic financial literacy through everyday examples, practical activities and review questions. The book explains what money is, why people use it and how children can make wise financialkj decisions. It teaches the difference between needs and wants, helping children understand why essential items should be considered before optional purchases. It introduces saving as a way of preparing for future needs and achieving personal goals. The book furthermore teaches the children how to prepare a simple budget, plan their spending and keep track of their money and staying safe when handling financial information. Through examples, exercises and self- assessment questions, My First Money Book encourages children to develop good money habits from an early age. The book aims to build financial awareness, responsibility, patience and thoughtful decision- making, preparing young learners to manage money more confidently as they grow. == Chapter 1: Understanding Money == === 1.1 what is money === Money is a means of payment that people commonly accept when buying goods and services for example when you buy a notebook from a shop, you give the shopkeeper money in exchange for notebook. People may pay using cash or electronic methods of payment. Electronic payments should be made with the guidance of trusted adult when you are a child. === 1.2 How do people get money? === Adults may receive money by working, operating businesses, farming or providing services. Children may receive money as gifts or pocket money from parents and guardians. People should obtain money honestly and respect the property of others. === 1.3 Why is money important? === Money helps people to: * Buy food and clothing. * Pay for school materials. * Obtain transport. * Pay for services. * Save for future needs. == Chapter 2: Needs and Wants == === 2.1 What is a need? === A need is something important for our health, safety and everyday life. examples include: * Food and clean water. * Basic clothing. * Shelter. * Essential school materials. === 2.2 What is a want? === A want is something we would like to have but can usually live without. Examples include an extra toy, sweets, a new game or an additional fashionable item. A want is not necessarily bad. The important thing is to decide whether you can afford it after considering your needs. === 2.3 How do we choose what buy? === Before buying something, ask yourself: # Do I need it? # Do I already have something I can use? # Can I afford it? # Should I save the money for something more important? Example: Amina has money to buy either an exercise book she needs for school or an extra toy. Her exercise book is finished, so she buys the book first and plans to save for the toy later. Amina has learned to consider her needs before her wants. == Chapter 3: Learning to Save == === 3.1 What is saving? === k428pabmm8g6e1wpiyyghllcz9ht1hx 0 485979 4673474 2026-10-01T16:00:30Z DVD206 724793 divine proportion 4673474 wikitext text/x-wiki The non-commutative generalization of golden ratio identities: <math> F_n=\frac{\phi^{n+1}-\psi^{n+1}}{\phi^n-\psi^n}, \phi \psi = 1. </math> <math> \phi=1+\frac{1}{1+...}. </math> nfkbi9i3wulfqa1q9oqp3kfp9um9zbd 4673475 4673474 2026-10-01T16:02:18Z DVD206 724793 on periodicity 4673475 wikitext text/x-wiki The non-commutative generalization of golden ratio identities: <math> F_n=\frac{\phi^{n+1}-\psi^{n+1}}{\phi^n-\psi^n}, \phi \psi = \pm 1. </math> <math> \phi=1+\frac{1}{1+...}. </math> Every fifth Fibonacci number divides 5, every seventh divides 13... a5q7uhgiqevgq2gedr03fhw7s9qk3x9 4673557 4673475 2026-10-02T01:39:01Z DVD206 724793 general recursion 4673557 wikitext text/x-wiki The non-commutative generalization of golden ratio identities for Fibonacci genealogy: 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21... <math> F_n=\frac{\phi^{n+1}-\psi^{n+1}}{\phi-\psi}, \phi \psi = \pm 1. </math> <math> \phi=1+\frac{1}{1+...}=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{F_n}{F_{n-1}}=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\phi^{n+1}-\psi^{n+1}}{\phi^n-\psi^n}. </math> Every fifth Fibonacci number divides 5, every seventh divides 13... <math> \frac{\phi^{n+1}-\psi^{n+1}}{\phi^n-\psi^n}=(\phi+\psi)+\frac{\phi^{n-1}-\psi^{n-1}}{\phi^n-\psi^n}. </math> 2gu7c722sp17z8tr0jyhsxjxkukhnvp 0 485982 4673490 2026-10-01T16:14:25Z DVD206 724793 a merge 4673490 wikitext text/x-wiki We develop a dictionary between the finite circular planar graph theory (inverse boundary problems on discrete electrical network) and infinite analytic number theory. The relationship is build by interpolation, extrapolation, discretization and sampling of the boundary Dirichlet-to-Neumann map (continued fraction or a Schur complement of Laplacian) <math>\Lambda_s</math> and <math>\Lambda^s</math>, where s is a complex number or a vertex (intersection of two geodesics) in the medial graph. The natural numbers are realized as eigenvalues and the nodal zeros of eigenfunctions of the uniform disc. For the self-dual network the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map <math>\Lambda_1</math> is the square root of boundary Laplacian operator or second derivative, which is equivalent to simple shift monodromy operator for the anti-symmetric conductivity. We conjecture the relationship between the collinear eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix (because of total positivity in alternating medial graph basis) and non-trivial zeros of zeta-function, viewed as a half trace of the DtN map or energy integral for its analytic continuation or Mellin transform of fractional part function, repeated in Euclidean algorithm encoded in continued fractions of a layered structure. 5zl0vfbqti5lzx2r9br48ajs087decp 0 485984 4673546 2026-10-01T23:46:54Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 Created page with "==Introduction et Contexte== ''Madame Bovary: Provincial Manners'', commonly known as ''Madame Bovary'', is the début novel of French writer Gustave Flaubert, originally published in 1856 and 1857. The eponymous character, Emma Bovary, lives beyond her means in order to escape the ennui of provincial life. ==Vocabulaire== {{sectstub}} {| | |} ==Chapitre 1== Nous étions à l’'''étude''', quand le '''Proviseur''' entra, suivi d’un nouveau habillé en '''bourgeois'..." 4673546 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction et Contexte== ''Madame Bovary: Provincial Manners'', commonly known as ''Madame Bovary'', is the début novel of French writer Gustave Flaubert, originally published in 1856 and 1857. The eponymous character, Emma Bovary, lives beyond her means in order to escape the ennui of provincial life. ==Vocabulaire== {{sectstub}} {| | |} ==Chapitre 1== Nous étions à l’'''étude''', quand le '''Proviseur''' entra, suivi d’un nouveau habillé en '''bourgeois''' et d’un garçon de classe qui portait un grand pupitre. Ceux qui dormaient se réveillèrent, et chacun se leva comme surpris dans son travail. Le Proviseur nous fit signe de nous '''rasseoir''' ; puis, se tournant vers le '''maître''' d’études : — Monsieur Roger, lui dit-il à demi-voix, voici un élève que je vous recommande, il entre en cinquième. Si son travail et sa conduite sont '''méritoires''', il passera dans les grands, où l’appelle son âge. Resté dans l’angle, derrière la porte, si bien qu’on l’apercevait à peine, le nouveau était un '''gars''' de la campagne, d’une quinzaine d’années environ, et plus haut de taille qu’aucun de nous tous. Il avait les cheveux coupés droit sur le front, comme un chantre de village, l’air raisonnable et fort embarrassé. Quoiqu’il ne fût pas large des épaules, son habit-veste de drap vert à boutons noirs devait le gêner aux entournures et laissait voir, par la fente des parements, des poignets rouges habitués à être nus. Ses jambes, en bas bleus, sortaient d’un pantalon jaunâtre très tiré par les bretelles. Il était chaussé de souliers forts, mal cirés, garnis de clous. On commença la récitation des leçons. Il les écouta de toutes ses oreilles, attentif comme au sermon, n’osant même croiser les cuisses, ni s’appuyer sur le coude, et, à deux heures, quand la cloche sonna, le maître d’études fut obligé de l’avertir, pour qu’il se mît avec nous dans les rangs. Nous avions l’habitude, en entrant en classe, de jeter nos casquettes par terre, afin d’avoir ensuite nos mains plus libres ; il fallait, dès le seuil de la porte, les lancer sous le banc, de façon à frapper contre la muraille, en faisant beaucoup de poussière ; c’était là le genre. Mais, soit qu’il n’eût pas remarqué cette manœuvre ou qu’il n’eût osé s’y soumettre, la prière était finie que le nouveau tenait encore sa casquette sur ses deux genoux. C’était une de ces coiffures d’ordre composite, où l’on retrouve les éléments du bonnet à poil, du chapska, du chapeau rond, de la casquette de loutre et du bonnet de coton, une de ces pauvres choses, enfin, dont la laideur muette a des profondeurs d’expression comme le visage d’un imbécile. Ovoïde et renflée de baleines, elle commençait par trois boudins circulaires ; puis s’alternaient, séparés par une bande rouge, des losanges de velours et de poils de lapin ; venait ensuite une façon de sac qui se terminait par un polygone cartonné, couvert d’une broderie en soutache compliquée, et d’où pendait au bout d’un long cordon trop mince, un petit croisillon de fils d’or, en manière de gland. Elle était neuve ; la visière brillait. — Levez-vous, dit le professeur. Il se leva ; sa casquette tomba. Toute la classe se mit à rire. Il se baissa pour la reprendre. Un voisin la fit tomber d’un coup de coude, il la ramassa encore une fois. — Débarrassez-vous donc de votre casque, dit le professeur, qui était un homme d’esprit. Il y eut un rire éclatant des écoliers qui décontenança le pauvre garçon, si bien qu’il ne savait s’il fallait garder sa casquette à la main, la laisser par terre ou la mettre sur sa tête. Il se rassit et la posa sur ses genoux. — Levez-vous, reprit le professeur, et dites-moi votre nom. Le nouveau articula, d’une voix bredouillante, un nom inintelligible. — Répétez ! Le même bredouillement de syllabes se fit entendre, couvert par les huées de la classe. — Plus haut ! cria le maître, plus haut ! Le nouveau, prenant alors une résolution extrême, ouvrit une bouche démesurée et lança à pleins poumons, comme pour appeler quelqu’un, ce mot : Charbovari. Ce fut un vacarme qui s’élança d’un bond, monta en crescendo, avec des éclats de voix aigus (on hurlait, on aboyait, on trépignait, on répétait : Charbovari ! Charbovari !), puis qui roula en notes isolées, se calmant à grand’peine, et parfois qui reprenait tout à coup sur la ligne d’un banc où saillissait encore çà et là, comme un pétard mal éteint, quelque rire étouffé. Cependant, sous la pluie des pensums, l’ordre peu à peu se rétablit dans la classe, et le professeur, parvenu à saisir le nom de Charles Bovary, se l’étant fait dicter, épeler et relire, commanda tout de suite au pauvre diable d’aller s’asseoir sur le banc de paresse, au pied de la chaire. Il se mit en mouvement, mais, avant de partir, hésita. — Que cherchez-vous ? demanda le professeur. — Ma cas…, fit timidement le nouveau, promenant autour de lui des regards inquiets. — Cinq cents vers à toute la classe ! exclamé d’une voix furieuse, arrêta, comme le Quos ego, une bourrasque nouvelle. — Restez donc tranquilles ! continuait le professeur indigné, et s’essuyant le front avec son mouchoir qu’il venait de prendre dans sa toque. Quant à vous, le nouveau, vous me copierez vingt fois le verbe ridiculus sum. Puis, d’une voix plus douce : — Eh ! vous la retrouverez, votre casquette ; on ne vous l’a pas volée ! Tout reprit son calme. Les têtes se courbèrent sur les cartons, et le nouveau resta pendant deux heures dans une tenue exemplaire, quoiqu’il y eût bien, de temps à autre, quelque boulette de papier lancée d’un bec de plume qui vînt s’éclabousser sur sa figure. Mais il s’essuyait avec la main, et demeurait immobile, les yeux baissés. Le soir, à l’étude, il tira ses bouts de manches de son pupitre, mit en ordre ses petites affaires, régla soigneusement son papier. Nous le vîmes qui travaillait en conscience, cherchant tous les mots dans le dictionnaire et se donnant beaucoup de mal. Grâce, sans doute, à cette bonne volonté dont il fit preuve, il dut de ne pas descendre dans la classe inférieure ; car, s’il savait passablement ses règles, il n’avait guère d’élégance dans les tournures. C’était le curé de son village qui lui avait commencé le latin, ses parents, par économie, ne l’ayant envoyé au collège que le plus tard possible. Son père, M. Charles-Denis-Bartholomé Bovary, ancien aide-chirurgien-major, compromis, vers 1812, dans des affaires de conscription, et forcé, vers cette époque, de quitter le service, avait alors profité de ses avantages personnels pour saisir au passage une dot de soixante mille francs qui s’offrait en la fille d’un marchand bonnetier, devenue amoureuse de sa tournure. Bel homme, hâbleur, faisant sonner haut ses éperons, portant des favoris rejoints aux moustaches, les doigts toujours garnis de bagues et habillé de couleurs voyantes, il avait l’aspect d’un brave, avec l’entrain facile d’un commis voyageur. Une fois marié, il vécut deux ou trois ans sur la fortune de sa femme, dînant bien, se levant tard, fumant dans de grandes pipes en porcelaine, ne rentrant le soir qu’après le spectacle et fréquentant les cafés. Le beau-père mourut et laissa peu de chose ; il en fut indigné, se lança dans la fabrique, y perdit quelque argent, puis se retira dans la campagne, où il voulut faire valoir. Mais, comme il ne s’entendait guère plus en culture qu’en indienne, qu’il montait ses chevaux au lieu de les envoyer au labour, buvait son cidre en bouteilles au lieu de le vendre en barriques, mangeait les plus belles volailles de sa cour et graissait ses souliers de chasse avec le lard de ses cochons, il ne tarda point à s’apercevoir qu’il valait mieux planter là toute spéculation. Moyennant deux cents francs par an, il trouva donc à louer dans un village, sur les confins du pays de Caux et de la Picardie, une sorte de logis moitié ferme, moitié maison de maître ; et, chagrin, rongé de regrets, accusant le ciel, jaloux contre tout le monde, il s’enferma, dès l’âge de quarante-cinq ans, dégoûté des hommes, disait-il, et décidé à vivre en paix. Sa femme avait été folle de lui autrefois ; elle l’avait aimé avec mille servilités qui l’avaient détaché d’elle encore davantage. Enjouée jadis, expansive et toute aimante, elle était, en vieillissant, devenue (à la façon du vin éventé qui se tourne en vinaigre) d’humeur difficile, piaillarde, nerveuse. Elle avait tant souffert, sans se plaindre, d’abord, quand elle le voyait courir après toutes les gotons de village et que vingt mauvais lieux le lui renvoyaient le soir, blasé et puant l’ivresse ! Puis l’orgueil s’était révolté. Alors elle s’était tue, avalant sa rage dans un stoïcisme muet, qu’elle garda jusqu’à sa mort. Elle était sans cesse en courses, en affaires. Elle allait chez les avoués, chez le président, se rappelait l’échéance des billets, obtenait des retards ; et, à la maison, repassait, cousait, blanchissait, surveillait les ouvriers, soldait les mémoires, tandis que, sans s’inquiéter de rien, Monsieur, continuellement engourdi dans une somnolence boudeuse dont il ne se réveillait que pour lui dire des choses désobligeantes, restait à fumer au coin du feu, en crachant dans les cendres. Quand elle eut un enfant, il le fallut mettre en nourrice. Rentré chez eux, le marmot fut gâté comme un prince. Sa mère le nourrissait de confitures ; son père le laissait courir sans souliers, et, pour faire le philosophe, disait même qu’il pouvait bien aller tout nu, comme les enfants des bêtes. À l’encontre des tendances maternelles, il avait en tête un certain idéal viril de l’enfance, d’après lequel il tâchait de former son fils, voulant qu’on l’élevât durement, à la spartiate, pour lui faire une bonne constitution. Il l’envoyait se coucher sans feu, lui apprenait à boire de grands coups de rhum et à insulter les processions. Mais, naturellement paisible, le petit répondait mal à ses efforts. Sa mère le traînait toujours après elle ; elle lui découpait des cartons, lui racontait des histoires, s’entretenait avec lui dans des monologues sans fin, pleins de gaietés mélancoliques et de chatteries babillardes. Dans l’isolement de sa vie, elle reporta sur cette tête d’enfant toutes ses vanités éparses, brisées. Elle rêvait de hautes positions, elle le voyait déjà grand, beau, spirituel, établi, dans les ponts et chaussées ou dans la magistrature. Elle lui apprit à lire, et même lui enseigna, sur un vieux piano qu’elle avait, à chanter deux ou trois petites romances. Mais, à tout cela, M. Bovary, peu soucieux des lettres, disait que ce n’était pas la peine ! Auraient-ils jamais de quoi l’entretenir dans les écoles du gouvernement, lui acheter une charge ou un fonds de commerce ? D’ailleurs, avec du toupet, un homme réussit toujours dans le monde. Mme Bovary se mordait les lèvres, et l’enfant vagabondait dans le village. Il suivait les laboureurs, et chassait, à coups de motte de terre, les corbeaux qui s’envolaient. Il mangeait des mûres le long des fossés, gardait les dindons avec une gaule, fanait à la moisson, courait dans le bois, jouait à la marelle sous le porche de l’église, les jours de pluie, et, aux grandes fêtes, suppliait le bedeau de lui laisser sonner les cloches, pour se pendre de tout son corps à la grande corde et se sentir emporter par elle dans sa volée. Aussi poussa-t-il comme un chêne. Il acquit de fortes mains, de belles couleurs. À douze ans, sa mère obtint que l’on commençât ses études. On en chargea le curé. Mais les leçons étaient si courtes et si mal suivies, qu’elles ne pouvaient servir à grand’chose. C’était aux moments perdus qu’elles se donnaient, dans la sacristie, debout, à la hâte, entre un baptême et un enterrement ; ou bien le curé envoyait chercher son élève après l’Angelus, quand il n’avait pas à sortir. On montait dans sa chambre, on s’installait : les moucherons et les papillons de nuit tournoyaient autour de la chandelle. Il faisait chaud, l’enfant s’endormait ; et le bonhomme, s’assoupissant les mains sur son ventre, ne tardait pas à ronfler, la bouche ouverte. D’autres fois, quand M. le curé, revenant de porter le viatique à quelque malade des environs, apercevait Charles qui polissonnait dans la campagne, il l’appelait, le sermonnait un quart d’heure et profitait de l’occasion pour lui faire conjuguer son verbe au pied d’un arbre. La pluie venait les interrompre, ou une connaissance qui passait. Du reste, il était toujours content de lui, disait même que le jeune homme avait beaucoup de mémoire. Charles ne pouvait en rester là. Madame fut énergique. Honteux, ou fatigué plutôt, Monsieur céda sans résistance, et l’on attendit encore un an que le gamin eût fait sa première communion. Six mois se passèrent encore ; et, l’année d’après, Charles fut définitivement envoyé au collège de Rouen, où son père l’amena lui-même, vers la fin d’octobre, à l’époque de la foire Saint-Romain. Il serait maintenant impossible à aucun de nous de se rien rappeler de lui. C’était un garçon de tempérament modéré, qui jouait aux récréations, travaillait à l’étude, écoutant en classe, dormant bien au dortoir, mangeant bien au réfectoire. Il avait pour correspondant un quincaillier en gros de la rue Ganterie, qui le faisait sortir une fois par mois, le dimanche, après que sa boutique était fermée, l’envoyait se promener sur le port à regarder les bateaux, puis le ramenait au collège dès sept heures, avant le souper. Le soir de chaque jeudi, il écrivait une longue lettre à sa mère, avec de l’encre rouge et trois pains à cacheter ; puis il repassait ses cahiers d’histoire, ou bien il lisait un vieux volume d’Anacharsis qui traînait dans l’étude. En promenade, il causait avec le domestique, qui était de la campagne comme lui. À force de s’appliquer, il se maintint toujours vers le milieu de la classe ; une fois même, il gagna un premier accessit d’histoire naturelle. Mais, à la fin de sa troisième, ses parents le retirèrent du collège pour lui faire étudier la médecine, persuadés qu’il pourrait se pousser seul jusqu’au baccalauréat. Sa mère lui choisit une chambre, au quatrième, sur l’Eau-de-Robec, chez un teinturier de sa connaissance. Elle conclut les arrangements pour sa pension, se procura des meubles, une table et deux chaises, fit venir de chez elle un vieux lit en merisier, et acheta de plus un petit poêle en fonte, avec la provision de bois qui devait chauffer son pauvre enfant. Puis elle partit au bout de la semaine après mille recommandations de se bien conduire, maintenant qu’il allait être abandonné à lui-même. Le programme des cours, qu’il lut sur l’affiche, lui fit un effet d’étourdissement : cours d’anatomie, cours de pathologie, cours de physiologie, cours de pharmacie, cours de chimie, et de botanique, et de clinique, et de thérapeutique, sans compter l’hygiène ni la matière médicale, tous noms dont il ignorait les étymologies et qui étaient comme autant de portes de sanctuaires pleins d’augustes ténèbres. Il n’y comprit rien ; il avait beau écouter, il ne saisissait pas. Il travaillait pourtant, il avait des cahiers reliés, il suivait tous les cours, il ne perdait pas une seule visite. Il accomplissait sa petite tâche quotidienne à la manière du cheval de manège, qui tourne en place les yeux bandés, ignorant de la besogne qu’il broie. Pour lui épargner de la dépense, sa mère lui envoyait chaque semaine, par le messager, un morceau de veau cuit au four, avec quoi il déjeunait le matin, quand il était rentré de l’hôpital, tout en battant la semelle contre le mur. Ensuite il fallait courir aux leçons, à l’amphithéâtre, à l’hospice, et revenir chez lui, à travers toutes les rues. Le soir, après le maigre dîner de son propriétaire, il remontait à sa chambre et se remettait au travail, dans ses habits mouillés qui fumaient sur son corps, devant le poêle rougi. Dans les beaux soirs d’été, à l’heure où les rues tièdes sont vides, quand les servantes jouent au volant sur le seuil des portes, il ouvrait sa fenêtre et s’accoudait. La rivière, qui fait de ce quartier de Rouen comme une ignoble petite Venise, coulait en bas, sous lui, jaune, violette ou bleue entre ses ponts et ses grilles. Des ouvriers, accroupis au bord, lavaient leurs bras dans l’eau. Sur des perches partant du haut des greniers, des écheveaux de coton séchaient à l’air. En face, au delà des toits, le grand ciel pur s’étendait, avec le soleil rouge se couchant. Qu’il devait faire bon là-bas ! Quelle fraîcheur sous la hétraie ! Et il ouvrait les narines pour aspirer les bonnes odeurs de la campagne, qui ne venaient pas jusqu’à lui. Il maigrit, sa taille s’allongea, et sa figure prit une sorte d’expression dolente qui la rendit presque intéressante. Naturellement, par nonchalance, il en vint à se délier de toutes les résolutions qu’il s’était faites. Une fois, il manqua la visite, le lendemain son cours, et, savourant la paresse, peu à peu, n’y retourna plus. Il prit l’habitude du cabaret, avec la passion des dominos. S’enfermer chaque soir dans un sale appartement public, pour y taper sur des tables de marbre de petits os de mouton marqués de points noirs, lui semblait un acte précieux de sa liberté, qui le rehaussait d’estime vis-à-vis de lui-même. C’était comme l’initiation au monde, l’accès des plaisirs défendus ; et, en entrant, il posait la main sur le bouton de la porte avec une joie presque sensuelle. Alors, beaucoup de choses comprimées en lui se dilatèrent ; il apprit par cœur des couplets qu’il chantait aux bienvenues, s’enthousiasma pour Béranger, sut faire du punch et connut enfin l’amour. Grâce à ces travaux préparatoires, il échoua complètement à son examen d’officier de santé. On l’attendait le soir même à la maison pour fêter son succès ! Il partit à pied et s’arrêta vers l’entrée du village, où il fit demander sa mère, lui conta tout. Elle l’excusa, rejetant l’échec sur l’injustice des examinateurs, et le raffermit un peu, se chargeant d’arranger les choses. Cinq ans plus tard seulement, M. Bovary connut la vérité ; elle était vieille, il l’accepta, ne pouvant d’ailleurs supposer qu’un homme issu de lui fût un sot. Charles se remit donc au travail et prépara sans discontinuer les matières de son examen, dont il apprit d’avance toutes les questions par cœur. Il fut reçu avec une assez bonne note. Quel beau jour pour sa mère ! On donna un grand dîner. Où irait-il exercer son art ? À Tostes. Il n’y avait là qu’un vieux médecin. Depuis longtemps, Mme Bovary guettait sa mort, et le bonhomme n’avait point encore plié bagage, que Charles était installé en face, comme son successeur. Mais ce n’était pas tout que d’avoir élevé son fils, de lui avoir fait apprendre la médecine et découvert Tostes pour l’exercer : il lui fallait une femme. Elle lui en trouva une : la veuve d’un huissier de Dieppe, qui avait quarante-cinq ans et douze cents livres de rente. Quoiqu’elle fût laide, sèche comme un cotret, et bourgeonnée comme un printemps, certes Mme Dubuc ne manquait pas de partis à choisir. Pour arriver à ses fins, la mère Bovary fut obligée de les évincer tous, et elle déjoua même fort habilement les intrigues d’un charcutier qui était soutenu par les prêtres. Charles avait entrevu dans le mariage l’avènement d’une condition meilleure, imaginant qu’il serait plus libre et pourrait disposer de sa personne et de son argent. Mais sa femme fut le maître ; il devait devant le monde dire ceci, ne pas dire cela, faire maigre tous les vendredis, s’habiller comme elle l’entendait, harceler par son ordre les clients qui ne payaient pas. Elle décachetait ses lettres, épiait ses démarches, et l’écoutait, à travers la cloison, donner ses consultations dans son cabinet, quand il y avait des femmes. Il lui fallait son chocolat tous les matins, des égards à n’en plus finir. Elle se plaignait sans cesse de ses nerfs, de sa poitrine, de ses humeurs. Le bruit des pas lui faisait mal ; on s’en allait, la solitude lui devenait odieuse ; revenait-on près d’elle, c’était pour la voir mourir, sans doute. Le soir, quand Charles rentrait, elle sortait de dessous ses draps ses longs bras maigres, les lui passait autour du cou, et, l’ayant fait asseoir au bord du lit, se mettait à lui parler de ses chagrins : il l’oubliait, il en aimait une autre ! On lui avait bien dit qu’elle serait malheureuse ; et elle finissait en lui demandant quelque sirop pour sa santé et un peu plus d’amour. ==Questions== {{sectstub}} <noinclude>{{French/Texts/Advanced}}</noinclude> 811t3urkpuke1e6rcye94esxvn30h1m 0 485985 4673553 2026-10-02T01:23:38Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 Created page with "=The Present Tense= The '''present''' describes habitual, continuous, or discrete actions that occur '''now'''. :: I'm very well at the moment. :: This book is being worked on. :: I read ''The Disciplined Life'' by Richard Taylor. In the present, Ukrainian verbs have a different ending for each '''person''': I, you (singular), he/she/it, we, you (plural), they. Giving the endings for each person in this order is known as conjugating the verb. {| class="wikitable" ! Sin..." 4673553 wikitext text/x-wiki =The Present Tense= The '''present''' describes habitual, continuous, or discrete actions that occur '''now'''. :: I'm very well at the moment. :: This book is being worked on. :: I read ''The Disciplined Life'' by Richard Taylor. In the present, Ukrainian verbs have a different ending for each '''person''': I, you (singular), he/she/it, we, you (plural), they. Giving the endings for each person in this order is known as conjugating the verb. {| class="wikitable" ! Singular ! Plural |- | я живу: I live||ми живемо: we live |- | ти живеш: you live (singular/informal)||ви живете: you live (plural/formal) |- | він/вона/воно живе: he/she/it lives||вони живуть: they live |} Since each person has a different ending, the subject of the verb may sometimes be omitted, provided it doesn’t cause ambiguity. :: Михайло! Де ти? — Mihajlo! Where are you? :: Вже йду! — I'm coming! Mihajlo's answer doesn't need «Я», as the verb ending (-у) makes the subject clear. Look at the verb ending if you are reading a text and cannot find the subject. ==Forms of the Present Tense== ===The First Conjugation=== ===The Second Conjugation=== obdb24774f4ugwets8bgi1qd9b3qzpn 4673573 4673553 2026-10-02T05:33:15Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 /* The First Conjugation */ Information was sourced from www.ukrainianlanguage.org.uk 4673573 wikitext text/x-wiki =The Present Tense= The '''present''' describes habitual, continuous, or discrete actions that occur '''now'''. :: I'm very well at the moment. :: This book is being worked on. :: I read ''The Disciplined Life'' by Richard Taylor. In the present, Ukrainian verbs have a different ending for each '''person''': I, you (singular), he/she/it, we, you (plural), they. Giving the endings for each person in this order is known as conjugating the verb. {| class="wikitable" ! Singular ! Plural |- | я живу: I live||ми живемо: we live |- | ти живеш: you live (singular/informal)||ви живете: you live (plural/formal) |- | він/вона/воно живе: he/she/it lives||вони живуть: they live |} Since each person has a different ending, the subject of the verb may sometimes be omitted, provided it doesn’t cause ambiguity. :: Михайло! Де ти? — Mihajlo! Where are you? :: Вже йду! — I'm coming! Mihajlo's answer doesn't need «Я», as the verb ending (-у) makes the subject clear. Look at the verb ending if you are reading a text and cannot find the subject. ==Forms of the Present Tense== ===The First Conjugation=== ====Verb Type 1==== In this type, the ending -ти is dropped from the infinitive to derive the stem. For example, the stem of мати is ма-. {| class="wikitable" ! Endings ! Paradigm ! Other Verbs |- | -ю||ма'''ю''' | rowspan=6 style="vertical-align:top"|A '''large''' number including: відповідати, грати, допомагати, думати, знати, зустрічати, літати, обідати, одягати, плавати, подобатися, розуміти, слухати, співати, чекати, читати. A very small sub-group, including пити and бити, are conjugated as follows: п'ю, п'єш, п'є, п'ємо, п'єте, п'ють. |- | -єш||ма'''єш''' |- | -є||ма'''є''' |- | -ємо||ма'''ємо''' |- | -єте||ма'''єте''' |- | -ють||ма'''ють''' |} ====Verb Type 2==== In this type, the ending -вати is dropped from the infinitive to derive the stem. For example, the stem is купу- in купувати. {| class="wikitable" ! Endings ! Paradigm ! Other Verbs |- | -ю||купую | rowspan=6 style="vertical-align:top"|A '''large''' number including: будувати, виконувати, відвідувати, готувати, давати, дякувати, запізнюватися, існувати, коштувати, одержувати, пізнавати, планувати, потребувати, пояснювати, продавати, фотографувати. There are a number of exceptions where the syllable -ва is retained in the stem. For example, забувати: забуваю, забуваєш, etc. Other examples include вбивати, розвивати, вживати, наливати, вмивати(ся), співати, бувати. |- | -єш||купуєш |- | -є||купує |- | -ємо||купуємо |- | -єте||купуєте |- | -ють||купують |} ====Verb Type 3==== In this type, the ending -ути is dropped from the infinitive to derive the stem. For example, in the case of гнути the stem is гн-: {| class="wikitable" ! Endings ! Paradigm ! Other Verbs |- | -у||гну | rowspan=6 style="vertical-align:top"|A '''significant''' number including: гинути, гаснути, горнути, квітнути, пухнути, слабнути, сохнути, сунути, тиснути |- | -еш||гнеш |- | -е||гне |- | -емо||гнемо |- | -ете||гнете |- | -уть||гнуть |} ====Verb Type 4==== In this type the ending -ти is dropped from the infinitive and the stem changes. For example, in the case of могти the stem changes to мож-: {| class="wikitable" ! Endings ! Paradigm ! Other Verbs |- | -у||можу | rowspan=6 style="vertical-align:top"|A '''small''' number of key verbs including: жити - живу, хотіти - хочу, їхати - їду, іти - іду, брати - беру, писати - пишу, казати - кажу, класти - кладу |- | -еш||можеш |- | -е||може |- | -емо||можемо |- | -ете||можете |- | -уть||можуть |} If any of the above types of verb is used in the reflexive, ть must be added to the third person singular ending. For example: «він грає», but «він грається». ===The Second Conjugation=== ha27zlrgcpt44bdqf3hwmjqtwp0ctfn 2 485986 4673567 2026-10-02T04:18:33Z Matovu Trevor 3620409 Matovu Trevor moved page [[User:Matovu Trevor/sandbox]] to [[Wikibooks:Matovu Trevor/sandbox/Social Behaviors]] 4673567 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Matovu Trevor/sandbox/Social Behaviors]] jn8g8qycf1ph9q8ykbg1sc0mse84p71 4 485987 4673569 2026-10-02T04:20:29Z Matovu Trevor 3620409 Matovu Trevor moved page [[Wikibooks:Matovu Trevor/sandbox/Social Behaviors]] to [[Wikibooks:Social Behaviors]] 4673569 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikibooks:Social Behaviors]] 5szwtb3sx84pl4fnp56xd0ed4hmiw6l 0 485988 4673574 2026-10-02T05:51:32Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 Created page with "=Adverbs (Прислі́вники)= ==Functions of Adverbs== An '''adverb''' is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses. For example, quickly and very are adverbs, as in "I run '''very quickly'''." In Ukrainian, participles can also be adverbs. :: Я смія́вся '''спа́вши'''. — I laughed, '''sleeping'''. :: '''Однак''' я '''також дуже швидко''' бігаю. — However..." 4673574 wikitext text/x-wiki =Adverbs (Прислі́вники)= ==Functions of Adverbs== An '''adverb''' is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses. For example, quickly and very are adverbs, as in "I run '''very quickly'''." In Ukrainian, participles can also be adverbs. :: Я смія́вся '''спа́вши'''. — I laughed, '''sleeping'''. :: '''Однак''' я '''також дуже швидко''' бігаю. — However, I also run very quickly. ==Forms of Adverbs== ===Adverbs of Time=== These describe when an action happens. :: Завтра студенти будуть складати екзамен. — Tomorrow the students will be taking an exam. ===Adverbs of Manner=== ===Adverbs of Place/Location=== ===Adverbs of Degree=== ===Numerical Adverbs=== {{BookCat}} h0nhz7vzmxi8lnsgniixghedskgzol2 0 485989 4673578 2026-10-02T06:27:09Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 It-is-Truly-Meet moved page [[Ukrainian/History]] to [[Ukrainian/History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language]]: Misspelled title 4673578 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ukrainian/History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language]] 8p9ag4gtww0mpiwkdzrttfsio3eg9kh 1 485990 4673580 2026-10-02T06:27:09Z It-is-Truly-Meet 3624460 It-is-Truly-Meet moved page [[Talk:Ukrainian/History]] to [[Talk:Ukrainian/History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language]]: Misspelled title 4673580 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Talk:Ukrainian/History of Ukraine, Its People, and Their Language]] fhcrydk5230jb7v4nnrhysv1lns094i 0 485992 4673612 2026-10-02T11:40:12Z DVD206 724793 Created page with "For the spiderweb the spinning spectrum could be circulant, rotation invariant: <math> \begin{matrix} c+a & -as &-c/s \end{matrix} \det(<matrix>c+a & -as & -c/s </matrix>) </math>" 4673612 wikitext text/x-wiki For the spiderweb the spinning spectrum could be circulant, rotation invariant: <math> \begin{matrix} c+a & -as &-c/s \end{matrix} \det(<matrix>c+a & -as & -c/s </matrix>) </math> c218p6j2vguacpxstarku8wc02rn1jy 1 485993 4673614 2026-10-02T11:45:45Z Lavender-wikigirl 3578159 /* wording of one of the quotes */ new section 4673614 wikitext text/x-wiki == wording of one of the quotes == antoino loan offer was the best i could come up with but i do not feel like it is the best descipeson, [[User:Lavender-wikigirl|Lavender-wikigirl]] ([[User talk:Lavender-wikigirl|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lavender-wikigirl|contribs]]) 11:45, 2 October 2026 (UTC) 25r87nwtvby5tf0vd5zybi5wkp3c72u